CINXE.COM
Issue 1 - Volume 2196 - Journal of Physics: Conference Series - IOPscience
<!DOCTYPE html> <html xml:lang="en" lang="en"><html xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <!-- Start cookieyes banner --> <!-- End cookieyes banner --> <title>Issue 1 - Volume 2196 - Journal of Physics: Conference Series - IOPscience</title> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0" /> <script> function DeferJS(src) { function downloadJSAtOnload() { var element = document.createElement("script"); element.src = src; document.body.appendChild(element); } if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener("load", downloadJSAtOnload, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent("onload", downloadJSAtOnload); else window.onload = downloadJSAtOnload; } </script> <!-- start metadata--><!-- end metadata--> <script type="text/javascript"> //start common.config (function () { let config = {"SHOW_REFERENCE_ENTITLEMENT":"true","SECURED_ENVIRONMENT":"true","ENABLE_MATHJAX_BY_DEFAULT":"true"} || {}; window.config = {...config, ...window.config}; })(); //end common.config </script> <script> var _urconfig = { sid: "defc3a7d-4b34-4b6f-ad1c-0716e0a05a65", aip: 0, usePageProtocol: false }; (function (d, s) { var js = d.createElement(s), sc = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; js.src = "https://hit.uptrendsdata.com/rum.min.js"; js.async = "async"; sc.parentNode.insertBefore(js, sc); } (document, "script")); </script> <!-- uptrends--> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <!--start home.baiduWebmasterTools.verification--> <!--end home.baiduWebmasterTools.verification--> <!--start home.google.verification--> <!--end home.google.verification--> <!--start common.baidu.statistics.script> --> <!--end common.baidu.statistics.script--> <!--start common.styles--> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.iopscience.com/3.72.3/css/critical-styles.min.css" type="text/css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.iopscience.com/3.72.3/css/main-styles.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"/> <!--[if lte IE 10]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.iopscience.com/3.72.3/css/gridset-ie-lte8.css" type="text/css"/> <![endif]--> <!--end common.styles--> <!--start common.gs.head--> <!-- Google Scholar Universal Casa --> <!-- End Google Scholar Universal Casa --> <!--end common.gs.head--> <!--start common.ga.head--> <script> window.iabConfig = { allowedVendors: ['755','804', '1020'], allowedGoogleVendors: [] } </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push( {'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'} ); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-M73Z4W'); </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!--end common.ga.head--> <script> const mathjaxVersion = 3; </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function () { const leaderboard = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([800, 0], [728, 90]).addSize([640, 690], [180, 150]).addSize([0, 0], [180, 150]).build(); googletag.defineSlot('/21821800277/iopsc/iopsc_m_hp_ap', new Array([728, 90], [300, 250], [180, 150]), 'div-gpt-ad-1562594774007-0').defineSizeMapping(leaderboard).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/21821800277/iopsc/iopsc_x11_hp_ap', [180, 150], 'div-gpt-ad-1562595009103-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/21821800277/iopsc/iopsc_pubgrade1_ap', [160, 600], 'div-gpt-ad-1665567578228-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); const googleLeaderboardMapping = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1000, 0], [970, 90]) .addSize([350, 0], [320, 50]) .addSize([0, 0], []) .build(); googletag.defineSlot('/21821800277/iopsc/iopsc_top_hp_ap', new Array([970, 90], [320, 50]), 'div-gpt-ad-1709814088027-0') .defineSizeMapping(googleLeaderboardMapping) .addService(googletag.pubads()); const googleSkyscraperMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([800, 0], [160, 600]).addSize([350, 250], [300, 250]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); googletag.defineSlot('/21821800277/iopsc/iopsc_skyscraper1_hp_ap', new Array([160, 600], [300, 250]), 'div-gpt-ad-1669279847892-0').defineSizeMapping(googleSkyscraperMapping).addService(googletag.pubads()); const tagArray = "".split(","); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads() .setTargeting("article_tag", tagArray) .setTargeting("pagetype", "jnl_homepage") .setTargeting("iopscience_issn", "1742-6596") .setTargeting("iopscience_vol", "") .setTargeting("iopscience_issue", "") .setTargeting("iopscience_doi", "") .setTargeting("iopscience_isbn", "") .setTargeting("iopscience_chapter_no", ""); // seting page level targeting googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script>var __uzdbm_1 = "bc5cb70d-5a74-42c2-b1e4-4c63aba9174c";var __uzdbm_2 = "NmM0ZGEwZWItY252ai00NTRhLTgyY2ItOGZhNTcyN2NhNmQ0JDguMjIyLjIwOC4xNDY=";var __uzdbm_3 = "7f6000125710f2-b131-4fe6-be66-413e84aa1b8b17326930897170-00f9b5e598298f1f10";var __uzdbm_4 = "false";var __uzdbm_5 = "uzmx";var __uzdbm_6 = "7f90001d4cd9ca-b2f4-437a-bcc2-30ec86bb43081-17326930897170-b6d6918cace3080e10";var __uzdbm_7 = "iop.org";</script> <script> (function (w, d, e, u, c, g, a, b) { w["SSJSConnectorObj"] = w["SSJSConnectorObj"] || { ss_cid: c, domain_info: "auto", }; w[g] = function (i, j) { w["SSJSConnectorObj"][i] = j; }; a = d.createElement(e); a.async = true; if ( navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') !== -1 || navigator.appVersion.indexOf('Trident/') > -1 ) { u = u.replace("/advanced/", "/advanced/ie/"); } a.src = u; b = d.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b); })( window, document, "script", "https://new.iopscience.iop.org/18f5227b-e27b-445a-a53f-f845fbe69b40/stormcaster.js", "cnvl", "ssConf" ); ssConf("c1", "https://new.iopscience.iop.org"); ssConf("c3", "c99a4269-161c-4242-a3f0-28d44fa6ce24"); ssConf("au", "new.iopscience.iop.org"); ssConf("cu", "validate.perfdrive.com, ssc"); </script></head> <body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization" class="issn-1742-6596"> <a id="back-to-top-target" tabindex="-1"></a> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe title="GA" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M73Z4W" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div class="content-grid"> <!-- Start Production toolbar --> <!-- End Production toolbar --> <!-- Start Downtime Banner --> <!-- End Downtime Banner --> <!-- Header starts --> <header class="content-grid__full-width" role="banner" data-nav-group> <a class="sr-skip sr-skip--overlay header__skip" href="#skip-to-content-link-target">Skip to content</a> <div class="accessibility" style="display: none;"> <p><strong>Accessibility Links</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="#page-content">Skip to content</a></li> <li><a href="/search#contentCol">Skip to search IOPscience</a></li> <li><a href="/journals#contentCol">Skip to Journals list</a></li> <li><a href="/page/accessibility#contentCol">Accessibility help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="dgh-showgrid tgh-showgrid cf" name="contentCol"> <nav role="navigation" class="wd-main-nav" aria-label="Site"> <a href="#sidr-main" id="simple-menu" class="nav-top-link" aria-label="Menu"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--xlrg" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!--bars--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"/></svg></a> <a href="/" itemprop="url" class="header-logo wd-header-graphic"> <meta itemprop="name" content="IOPscience"> <img height="15" width="100" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0idXRmLTgiPz4KPCEtLSBHZW5lcmF0b3I6IEFkb2JlIElsbHVzdHJhdG9yIDE4LjAuMCwgU1ZHIEV4cG9ydCBQbHVnLUluIC4gU1ZHIFZlcnNpb246IDYuMDAgQnVpbGQgMCkgIC0tPgo8IURPQ1RZUEUgc3ZnIFBVQkxJQyAiLS8vVzNDLy9EVEQgU1ZHIDEuMS8vRU4iICJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy9HcmFwaGljcy9TVkcvMS4xL0RURC9zdmcxMS5kdGQiPgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgaWQ9IkxheWVyXzEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgeG1sbnM6eGxpbms9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzE5OTkveGxpbmsiIHg9IjBweCIgeT0iMHB4IgoJIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAyMDYuNSAzMS44IiBlbmFibGUtYmFja2dyb3VuZD0ibmV3IDAgMCAyMDYuNSAzMS44IiB4bWw6c3BhY2U9InByZXNlcnZlIj4KPGc+Cgk8Zz4KCQk8Zz4KCQkJPHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0NDMDAwMCIgZD0iTTAsMzAuOVY0LjJoOC4ydjI2LjdIMHoiLz4KCQkJPHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0NDMDAwMCIgZD0iTTI0LjQsMzEuM2MtOCwwLTEyLjctNi0xMi43LTEzLjdjMC03LjgsNC42LTEzLjgsMTIuOC0xMy44YzgsMCwxMi42LDUuOCwxMi42LDEzLjUKCQkJCUMzNy4xLDI1LDMyLjYsMzEuMywyNC40LDMxLjN6IE0yNC41LDkuOGMtMy43LDAtNCw1LjMtNCw3LjljMCwyLjYsMC4zLDcuNCwzLjksNy40YzMuOCwwLDMuOS00LjksMy45LTcuNnYtMC4zCgkJCQlDMjguMywxNC43LDI4LjIsOS44LDI0LjUsOS44eiIvPgoJCTwvZz4KCQk8Zz4KCQkJPHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0NDMDAwMCIgZD0iTTUzLjUsMjEuMmgtNC42djkuN2gtOC4zVjQuMmgxMS40YzIuOSwwLDYsMC4yLDguMywyLjFjMiwxLjYsMywzLjksMyw2LjRDNjMuMiwxOC4zLDU4LjcsMjEuMiw1My41LDIxLjIKCQkJCXogTTUxLjcsMTAuM2gtM3Y1LjJoMi44YzEuOSwwLDMuNi0wLjQsMy42LTIuNkM1NS4xLDEwLjgsNTMuNSwxMC4zLDUxLjcsMTAuM3oiLz4KCQk8L2c+CgkJPGc+CgkJCTxwYXRoIGZpbGw9IiMwMDZFQjIiIGQ9Ik03NC43LDMxLjZjLTUuMSwwLTguMi0yLjMtOS4yLTcuM2wzLjUtMC44YzAuNywzLjMsMi41LDQuOSw1LjksNC45YzIuNSwwLDUuMS0xLjQsNS4xLTQuMgoJCQkJYzAtNC42LTguMi00LjMtMTEuNS03LjJjLTEuNC0xLjItMi4yLTMtMi4yLTQuOGMwLTQuNiw0LTcuNyw4LjQtNy43YzIuMywwLDQuNiwwLjgsNi4yLDIuNWMxLjEsMS4yLDEuNSwyLjQsMS45LDRsLTMuMywwLjgKCQkJCWMtMC44LTIuNC0yLjItNC4yLTUtNC4yYy0yLjMsMC00LjQsMS40LTQuNCwzLjljMCwyLjEsMS41LDMuMSwzLjMsMy42YzQuNCwxLjQsMTAuNSwyLjUsMTAuNSw4LjRDODQsMjguOSw3OS41LDMxLjYsNzQuNywzMS42eiIKCQkJCS8+CgkJCTxwYXRoIGZpbGw9IiMwMDZFQjIiIGQ9Ik0xMDMsMjguOWMtMS42LDItNC4yLDIuNy02LjYsMi43Yy03LjYsMC05LjMtNy4yLTkuMy0xMy40YzAtNi40LDEuOC0xMy43LDkuNi0xMy43YzIuMywwLDQuNCwwLjcsNiwyLjQKCQkJCWMxLjYsMS44LDIsNCwyLjUsNi4ybC0zLjgsMC44Yy0wLjUtMy4xLTAuOS02LjItNC44LTYuMmMtMy42LDAtNC41LDMtNC45LDZjLTAuMywxLjctMC4zLDMuNC0wLjMsNS4xYzAsMy43LDAuNCw5LjUsNS40LDkuNQoJCQkJYzMuNywwLDQuMy0zLjIsNC42LTYuMmwzLjgsMC41QzEwNC44LDI1LDEwNC41LDI3LDEwMywyOC45eiIvPgoJCQk8cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjMDA2RUIyIiBkPSJNMTA5LjcsMzAuOVY1LjJoMy44djI1LjZIMTA5Ljd6Ii8+CgkJCTxwYXRoIGZpbGw9IiMwMDZFQjIiIGQ9Ik0xMjMsMTguNXYwLjJjMCw0LjEsMC43LDkuNyw1LjksOS43YzMuMywwLDQuNC0yLjMsNS4zLTUuMWwzLjUsMC44Yy0xLjIsNC42LTQsNy41LTguOSw3LjUKCQkJCWMtNy41LDAtOS44LTYuNy05LjgtMTMuMmMwLTYuMywyLjQtMTMuOSwxMC0xMy45YzMuMiwwLDUuOCwxLjUsNy4zLDQuM2MxLjgsMy4zLDEuOCw2LDEuOSw5LjdIMTIzeiBNMTI4LjUsNy43CgkJCQljLTQsMC01LDQuNC01LjQsNy42aDEwLjdDMTMzLjgsMTEuOSwxMzIuOCw3LjcsMTI4LjUsNy43eiIvPgoJCQk8cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjMDA2RUIyIiBkPSJNMTU2LjYsMzAuOVYxNS4xYzAtMy4yLDAuNC03LjMtNC03LjNjLTUsMC01LjUsNS42LTUuNSw5LjN2MTMuOGgtMy44VjUuMmgzLjV2NGMxLjQtMy4xLDMuMS00LjcsNi42LTQuNwoJCQkJYzIsMCw0LjEsMC43LDUuNCwyLjJjMS43LDIuMSwxLjYsNS4zLDEuNiw3Ljh2MTYuM0gxNTYuNnoiLz4KCQkJPHBhdGggZmlsbD0iIzAwNkVCMiIgZD0iTTE4MS44LDI4LjljLTEuNiwyLTQuMiwyLjctNi42LDIuN2MtNy42LDAtOS4zLTcuMi05LjMtMTMuNGMwLTYuNCwxLjgtMTMuNyw5LjYtMTMuNwoJCQkJYzIuMywwLDQuNCwwLjcsNiwyLjRjMS42LDEuOCwyLDQsMi41LDYuMmwtMy44LDAuOGMtMC41LTMuMS0wLjktNi4yLTQuOC02LjJjLTMuNiwwLTQuNSwzLTQuOSw2Yy0wLjMsMS43LTAuMywzLjQtMC4zLDUuMQoJCQkJYzAsMy43LDAuNCw5LjUsNS40LDkuNWMzLjcsMCw0LjMtMy4yLDQuNi02LjJsMy44LDAuNUMxODMuNywyNSwxODMuMywyNywxODEuOCwyOC45eiIvPgoJCQk8cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjMDA2RUIyIiBkPSJNMTkxLjMsMTguNXYwLjJjMCw0LjEsMC43LDkuNyw1LjksOS43YzMuMywwLDQuNC0yLjMsNS4zLTUuMWwzLjUsMC44Yy0xLjIsNC42LTQsNy41LTguOSw3LjUKCQkJCWMtNy41LDAtOS44LTYuNy05LjgtMTMuMmMwLTYuMywyLjQtMTMuOSwxMC0xMy45YzMuMiwwLDUuOCwxLjUsNy4zLDQuM2MxLjgsMy4zLDEuOCw2LDEuOSw5LjdIMTkxLjN6IE0xOTYuOCw3LjcKCQkJCWMtNCwwLTUsNC40LTUuNCw3LjZoMTAuN0MyMDIuMSwxMS45LDIwMSw3LjcsMTk2LjgsNy43eiIvPgoJCTwvZz4KCTwvZz4KCTxyZWN0IHg9IjEwOS43IiB5PSIwLjIiIGZpbGw9IiMwMDZFQjIiIHdpZHRoPSIzLjgiIGhlaWdodD0iMy40Ii8+CjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+Cg==" alt=""> <span class="offscreen-hidden">IOP Science home</span> </a> <a class="btn btn-default" id="accessibility-help" href="/page/accessibility">Accessibility Help</a> <ul id="sidr" class="nav__list"> <li class="nav-search nav-item"> <button class="nav-top-link-drop-down nav-top-link-drop-down--icon" data-nav-trigger="articlelookup"> <svg class="fa-icon fa-icon--lrg" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.6.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><title>Search</title><path d="M416 208c0 45.9-14.9 88.3-40 122.7L502.6 457.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L330.7 376c-34.4 25.2-76.8 40-122.7 40C93.1 416 0 322.9 0 208S93.1 0 208 0S416 93.1 416 208zM208 352a144 144 0 1 0 0-288 144 144 0 1 0 0 288z"/></svg> </button> <div class="nav-drop-down nav-drop-down--full-width" data-nav-item="articlelookup"> <div class="wrapper--search cf"> <div id="search" class="wd-header-search art-lookup__search"> <form accept-charset="utf-8,iso-8859-1" class="primary-search" method="get" action="/nsearch" role="search"> <div class="art-lookup__fields-wrapper"> <label for="quickSearch">Search all IOPscience content</label> <input type="search" x-webkit-speech="" name="terms" id="quickSearch" class="art-lookup__field--grow" placeholder="Search all IOPscience content" value="" escapeXml="true"/> <button type="submit" x-webkit-speech="" class="btn btn-default hdr-search-btn bd-0 art-lookup__submit">Search</button> </div> </form> </div> <div id="wd-content-finder" class="art-lookup__content-finder"> <form accept-charset="utf-8,iso-8859-1" method="get" action="/findcontent" name="contentFinderForm" id="wd-find-art-form" class="find-article-issue-display" autocomplete="OFF" aria-labelledby="article-lookup"> <fieldset> <legend id="article-lookup" class="eyebrow eyebrow--blue">Article Lookup</legend> <div class="art-lookup__fields-wrapper"> <label for="CF_JOURNAL" class="offscreen-hidden">Select journal (required)</label> <select name="CF_JOURNAL" class="find-article-select art-lookup__content-finder-field art-lookup__field--grow art-lookup__content-finder-field--first" id="CF_JOURNAL"> <option value="none">Select journal (required)</option><option value="2053-1583">2D Mater. (2014 - present)</option><option value="1004-423X">Acta Phys. Sin. (Overseas Edn) (1992 - 1999)</option><option value="2043-6262">Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. (2010 - present)</option><option value="1882-0786">Appl. Phys. Express (2008 - present)</option><option value="1758-5090">Biofabrication (2009 - present)</option><option value="1748-3190">Bioinspir. Biomim. (2006 - present)</option><option value="1748-605X">Biomed. Mater. (2006 - present)</option><option value="2057-1976">Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express (2015 - present)</option><option value="0508-3443">Br. J. Appl. Phys. (1950 - 1967)</option><option value="1009-9271">Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. (2001 - 2008)</option><option value="1003-7713">Chin. J. Chem. Phys. (1987 - 2007)</option><option value="1674-0068">Chin. J. Chem. Phys. (2008 - 2012)</option><option value="1009-1963">Chinese Phys. (2000 - 2007)</option><option value="1674-1056">Chinese Phys. B (2008 - present)</option><option value="1674-1137">Chinese Phys. C (2008 - present)</option><option value="0256-307X">Chinese Phys. Lett. (1984 - present)</option><option value="0264-9381">Class. Quantum Grav. (1984 - present)</option><option value="0143-0815">Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas. (1980 - 1992)</option><option value="1364-7830">Combustion Theory and Modelling (1997 - 2004)</option><option value="0253-6102">Commun. Theor. Phys. (1982 - present)</option><option value="1749-4699">Comput. Sci. Discov. (2008 - 2015)</option><option value="2057-1739">Converg. Sci. Phys. Oncol. (2015 - 2018)</option><option value="0967-1846">Distrib. Syst. Engng. (1993 - 1999)</option><option value="2754-2734">ECS Adv. (2022 - present)</option><option value="2162-8734">ECS Electrochem. Lett. (2012 - 2015)</option><option value="2162-8777">ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. (2012 - present)</option><option value="2754-2726">ECS Sens. Plus (2022 - present)</option><option value="2162-8750">ECS Solid State Lett. (2012 - 2015)</option><option value="1938-5862">ECS Trans. (2005 - present)</option><option value="0295-5075">EPL (1986 - present)</option><option value="1944-8783">Electrochem. Soc. Interface (1992 - present)</option><option value="1944-8775">Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. (1998 - 2012)</option><option value="2516-1075">Electron. Struct. (2019 - present)</option><option value="2631-8695">Eng. Res. Express (2019 - present)</option><option value="2515-7620">Environ. Res. Commun. (2018 - present)</option><option value="1748-9326">Environ. Res. Lett. (2006 - present)</option><option value="2752-5295">Environ. Res.: Climate (2022 - present)</option><option value="2752-664X">Environ. Res.: Ecology (2022 - present)</option><option value="2753-3751">Environ. Res.: Energy (2024 - present)</option><option value="2976-601X">Environ. Res.: Food Syst. (2024 - present)</option><option value="2752-5309">Environ. Res.: Health (2022 - present)</option><option value="2634-4505">Environ. Res.: Infrastruct. Sustain. (2021 - present)</option><option value="3033-4942">Environ. Res.: Water (2025 - present)</option><option value="0143-0807">Eur. J. Phys. (1980 - present)</option><option value="2058-8585">Flex. Print. Electron. (2015 - present)</option><option value="1873-7005">Fluid Dyn. Res. (1986 - present)</option><option value="2631-6331">Funct. Compos. Struct. (2018 - present)</option><option value="1755-1315">IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. (2008 - present)</option><option value="1757-899X">IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. (2009 - present)</option><option value="2633-1357">IOPSciNotes (2020 - 2022)</option><option value="2631-7990">Int. J. Extrem. Manuf. (2019 - present)</option><option value="0266-5611">Inverse Problems (1985 - present)</option><option value="1064-5632">Izv. Math. (1993 - present)</option><option value="1752-7163">J. Breath Res. (2007 - present)</option><option value="1475-7516">J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. (2003 - present)</option><option value="1945-7111">J. Electrochem. Soc. (1902 - present)</option><option value="1742-2140">J. Geophys. Eng. (2004 - 2018)</option><option value="1126-6708">J. High Energy Phys. (1997 - 2009)</option><option value="1748-0221">J. Inst. (2006 - present)</option><option value="0960-1317">J. Micromech. Microeng. (1991 - present)</option><option value="1741-2552">J. Neural Eng. (2004 - present)</option><option value="0368-3281">J. Nucl. Energy, Part C Plasma Phys. (1959 - 1966)</option><option value="0150-536X">J. Opt. (1977 - 1998)</option><option value="2040-8986">J. Opt. (2010 - present)</option><option value="1464-4258">J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. (1999 - 2009)</option><option value="1464-4266">J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. (1999 - 2005)</option><option value="0022-3689">J. Phys. A: Gen. Phys. (1968 - 1972)</option><option value="0305-4470">J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. (1975 - 2006)</option><option value="0301-0015">J. Phys. A: Math. Nucl. Gen. (1973 - 1974)</option><option value="1751-8121">J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. (2007 - present)</option><option value="0953-4075">J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. (1988 - present)</option><option value="0022-3700">J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Phys. (1968 - 1987)</option><option value="0022-3719">J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. (1968 - 1988)</option><option value="2399-6528">J. Phys. Commun. (2017 - present)</option><option value="2632-072X">J. Phys. Complex. (2019 - present)</option><option value="0022-3727">J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. (1968 - present)</option><option value="0022-3735">J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. (1968 - 1989)</option><option value="2515-7655">J. Phys. Energy (2018 - present)</option><option value="0305-4608">J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. (1971 - 1988)</option><option value="0954-3899">J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. (1989 - present)</option><option value="0305-4616">J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. (1975 - 1988)</option><option value="2515-7639">J. Phys. Mater. (2018 - present)</option><option value="2515-7647">J. Phys. Photonics (2018 - present)</option><option value="0953-8984">J. Phys.: Condens. Matter (1989 - present)</option><option value="1742-6596" selected="selected">J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. (2004 - present)</option><option value="0952-4746">J. Radiol. Prot. (1988 - present)</option><option value="3050-2454">J. Reliab. Sci. Eng. (2025 - present)</option><option value="0950-7671">J. Sci. Instrum. (1923 - 1967)</option><option value="1674-4926">J. Semicond. (2009 - present)</option><option value="0260-2814">J. Soc. Radiol. Prot. (1981 - 1987)</option><option value="1742-5468">J. Stat. Mech. (2004 - present)</option><option value="1468-5248">JoT (2000 - 2004)</option><option value="1347-4065">Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1962 - present)</option><option value="1555-6611">Laser Phys. (2013 - present)</option><option value="1612-202X">Laser Phys. Lett. (2004 - present)</option><option value="3049-4753">Mach. Learn.: Earth (2025 - present)</option><option value="3049-4761">Mach. Learn.: Eng. (2025 - present)</option><option value="3049-477X">Mach. Learn.: Health (2025 - present)</option><option value="2632-2153">Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol. (2019 - present)</option><option value="2752-5724">Mater. Futures (2022 - present)</option><option value="2633-4356">Mater. Quantum. Technol. (2020 - present)</option><option value="2053-1591">Mater. Res. Express (2014 - present)</option><option value="0025-5726">Math. USSR Izv. (1967 - 1992)</option><option value="0025-5734">Math. USSR Sb. (1967 - 1993)</option><option value="0957-0233">Meas. Sci. Technol. (1990 - present)</option><option value="2151-2043">Meet. Abstr. (2002 - present)</option><option value="2050-6120">Methods Appl. Fluoresc. (2013 - present)</option><option value="0026-1394">Metrologia (1965 - present)</option><option value="0965-0393">Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. (1992 - present)</option><option value="2399-7532">Multifunct. Mater. (2018 - 2022)</option><option value="2632-959X">Nano Ex. (2020 - present)</option><option value="2399-1984">Nano Futures (2017 - present)</option><option value="0957-4484">Nanotechnology (1990 - present)</option><option value="0954-898X">Network (1990 - 2004)</option><option value="2634-4386">Neuromorph. Comput. Eng. (2021 - present)</option><option value="1367-2630">New J. Phys. (1998 - present)</option><option value="0951-7715">Nonlinearity (1988 - present)</option><option value="0335-7368">Nouvelle Revue d'Optique (1973 - 1976)</option><option value="0029-4780">Nouvelle Revue d'Optique Appliquée (1970 - 1972)</option><option value="0029-5515">Nucl. Fusion (1960 - present)</option><option value="1538-3873">PASP (1889 - present)</option><option value="1478-3975">Phys. Biol. (2004 - present)</option><option value="0031-9112">Phys. Bull. (1950 - 1988)</option><option value="0031-9120">Phys. Educ. (1966 - present)</option><option value="0031-9155">Phys. Med. Biol. (1956 - present)</option><option value="1402-4896">Phys. Scr. (1970 - present)</option><option value="2058-7058">Phys. World (1988 - present)</option><option value="1063-7869">Phys.-Usp. (1993 - present)</option><option value="0305-4624">Physics in Technology (1973 - 1988)</option><option value="0967-3334">Physiol. Meas. (1993 - present)</option><option value="0741-3335">Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion (1984 - present)</option><option value="0032-1028">Plasma Physics (1967 - 1983)</option><option value="2516-1067">Plasma Res. Express (2018 - 2022)</option><option value="1009-0630">Plasma Sci. Technol. (1999 - present)</option><option value="0963-0252">Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. (1992 - present)</option><option value="0959-5309">Proc. Phys. Soc. (1926 - 1948)</option><option value="0370-1328">Proc. Phys. Soc. (1958 - 1967)</option><option value="0370-1298">Proc. Phys. Soc. A (1949 - 1957)</option><option value="0370-1301">Proc. Phys. Soc. B (1949 - 1957)</option><option value="1478-7814">Proc. Phys. Soc. London (1874 - 1925)</option><option value="2576-1579">Proc. Vol. (1967 - 2005)</option><option value="2516-1091">Prog. Biomed. Eng. (2018 - present)</option><option value="2516-1083">Prog. Energy (2018 - present)</option><option value="0963-6625">Public Understand. Sci. (1992 - 2002)</option><option value="0963-9659">Pure Appl. Opt. (1992 - 1998)</option><option value="1469-7688">Quantitative Finance (2001 - 2004)</option><option value="1063-7818">Quantum Electron. (1993 - present)</option><option value="0954-8998">Quantum Opt. (1989 - 1994)</option><option value="2058-9565">Quantum Sci. Technol. (2015 - present)</option><option value="1355-5111">Quantum Semiclass. Opt. (1995 - 1998)</option><option value="0034-4885">Rep. Prog. Phys. (1934 - present)</option><option value="1674-4527">Res. Astron. Astrophys. (2009 - present)</option><option value="2515-5172">Research Notes of the AAS (2017 - present)</option><option value="0034-6683">RevPhysTech (1970 - 1972)</option><option value="0036-021X">Russ. Chem. Rev. (1960 - present)</option><option value="0036-0279">Russ. Math. Surv. (1960 - present)</option><option value="1064-5616">Sb. Math. (1993 - present)</option><option value="1468-6996">Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. (2000 - 2015)</option><option value="0268-1242">Semicond. Sci. Technol. (1986 - present)</option><option value="0964-1726">Smart Mater. Struct. (1992 - present)</option><option value="0049-1748">Sov. J. Quantum Electron. (1971 - 1992)</option><option value="0038-5670">Sov. Phys. Usp. (1958 - 1992)</option><option value="0953-2048">Supercond. Sci. Technol. (1988 - present)</option><option value="2051-672X">Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop. (2013 - present)</option><option value="2977-3504">Sustain. Sci. Technol. (2024 - present)</option><option value="1538-3881">The Astronomical Journal (1849 - present)</option><option value="0004-637X">The Astrophysical Journal (1996 - present)</option><option value="2041-8205">The Astrophysical Journal Letters (2010 - present)</option><option value="0067-0049">The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (1996 - present)</option><option value="2632-3338">The Planetary Science Journal (2020 - present)</option><option value="2156-7395">Trans. Amer: Electrochem. Soc. (1930 - 1930)</option><option value="1945-6859">Trans. Electrochem. Soc. (1931 - 1948)</option><option value="1475-4878">Trans. Opt. Soc. (1899 - 1932)</option><option value="2053-1613">Transl. Mater. Res. (2014 - 2018)</option><option value="0959-7174">Waves Random Media (1991 - 2004)</option> </select> <label for="CF_VOLUME" class="offscreen-hidden">Volume number:</label> <input type="text" name="CF_VOLUME" id="CF_VOLUME" class="art-lookup__content-finder-field" placeholder="Volume" x-webkit-speech=""> <label for="CF_ISSUE" class="offscreen-hidden">Issue number (if known):</label> <input type="text" name="CF_ISSUE" id="CF_ISSUE" class="art-lookup__content-finder-field" placeholder="Issue" x-webkit-speech=""> <label for="CF_PAGE" class="offscreen-hidden">Article or page number:</label> <input type="text" name="CF_PAGE" id="CF_PAGE" class="art-lookup__content-finder-field art-lookup__content-finder-field--last" placeholder="Article or page" x-webkit-speech=""> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default art-lookup__submit" name="submit">Lookup</button> </div> </fieldset> </form> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-journals nav-item wd-nav-journal"> <button class="nav-top-link-drop-down" data-nav-trigger="journals">Journals<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--right fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg></button> <div class="nav-drop-down wd-nav-journal-dd" data-nav-item="journals"> <div class="nav-drop-down__grid"> <div class="nav-drop-down__item"> <a class="nav-drop-down__item-title" href="/journals">Journals list</a> <span class="nav-drop-down__item-info m-hide">Browse more than 100 science journal titles</span> </div> <div class="nav-drop-down__item"> <a class="nav-drop-down__item-title" href="/page/subjects">Subject collections</a> <span class="nav-drop-down__item-info m-hide">Read the very best research published in IOP journals</span> </div> <div class="nav-drop-down__item"> <a class="nav-drop-down__item-title" href="/journals?type=partner#js-tab-pubpart">Publishing partners</a> <span class="nav-drop-down__item-info m-hide">Partner organisations and publications</span> </div> <div class="nav-drop-down__item"> <a class="nav-drop-down__item-title" href="/info/page/openaccess">Open access</a> <span class="nav-drop-down__item-info m-hide">IOP Publishing open access policy guide</span> </div> <div class="nav-drop-down__item"> <a class="nav-drop-down__item-title" href="/conference-series">IOP Conference Series</a> <span class="nav-drop-down__item-info m-hide">Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide</span> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-books nav-item wd-nav-books"> <a href="/booklistinfo/home" class="nav-top-link">Books</a> </li> <li class="nav-publishing-support nav-item wd-publishing-support"> <a href="https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org" class="nav-top-link">Publishing Support</a> </li> <!-- Header Login starts here --> <li class="nav-login nav-item wd-nav-login"> <button class="nav-top-link-drop-down" id="login-drop-down-user" data-nav-trigger="login"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--circle-user--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M399 384.2C376.9 345.8 335.4 320 288 320H224c-47.4 0-88.9 25.8-111 64.2c35.2 39.2 86.2 63.8 143 63.8s107.8-24.7 143-63.8zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256zm256 16a72 72 0 1 0 0-144 72 72 0 1 0 0 144z"/></svg>Login<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--right fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg></button> <div class="nav-drop-down wd-nav-login-dd" data-nav-item="login"> <a href="https://myiopscience.iop.org/signin?origin=a0&return=https%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2Fissue%2F1742-6596%2F2196%2F1" id="wd-login-link">IOPscience login / Sign Up</a> </div> </li> <!-- Header Login ends here --> </ul> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="page-body" > <!-- Start two column layout --> <div class="grid-2-col db-showgrid tb-showgrid cf"> <main id="skip-to-content-link-target"> <!-- Secondary header starts --> <div class="secondary-header cf" id="wd-secondary-header"> <!-- Branded journal header starts --> <!-- Branded journal header starts --> <div class="branded"> <div class="publication-name" id="wd-pub-name"> <div class="publication-title" itemprop="name" itemid="periodical"> <!-- Branded journal header starts --> <a href="/journal/1742-6596" itemprop="url">Journal of Physics: Conference Series</a> <!-- Journal image link starts --> <!-- Journal image link ends --> </div> </div> <div class="partner-logos m-hide" id="wd-partner-logos"> <div class="partner-logo-alignment"> <!-- Partner logo starts --> <button class="overlay-launch partner-logo" aria-expanded="false"> <img src="https://cms.iopscience.org/c10a6ab7-71b1-11ef-b232-8f9c605a91ff/PLP-Logo.png?guest=true" alt="Purpose-Led Publishing, find out more."> </button> <span class="overlay-set"> <div class="tint-screen"></div> <div role="dialog" aria-label="Purpose-Led Publishing" aria-modal="true" class="overlay-panel"> <button class="close-icon close-overlay" aria-label="Close"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--xlrg" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--circle-xmark--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M256 512A256 256 0 1 0 256 0a256 256 0 1 0 0 512zM175 175c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l47 47 47-47c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0s9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-47 47 47 47c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-47-47-47 47c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l47-47-47-47c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9z"/></svg></button> <div class="overlay-img"> <img src="https://cms.iopscience.org/c10a6ab7-71b1-11ef-b232-8f9c605a91ff/PLP-Logo.png?guest=true" alt="Purpose-Led Publishing logo."/> </div> <div class="overlay-text"> <p><a href="https://www.purposeledpublishing.org/">Purpose-led Publishing</a> is a coalition of three not-for-profit publishers in the field of physical sciences: AIP Publishing, the American Physical Society and IOP Publishing.</p> <p>Together, as publishers that will always put purpose above profit, we have defined a set of industry standards that underpin high-quality, ethical scholarly communications.</p> <p><strong>We are proudly declaring that science is our only shareholder.</strong></p> </div> </div> </span> <!-- Partner logo ends --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Branded journal header ends --> </div> <!-- Secondary header ends --> <div class="db1 tb1"> <!-- Start issue page --> <!-- Start issue page --> <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue"> <!-- Start Issue titles --> <h1>Table of contents</h1> <div class="boxout" id="wd-jnl-issue-title"> <h2><a href="/volume/1742-6596/2196">Volume 2196</a></h2> <p class="replica-h3 mb-05 mt-0" itemprop="issueNumber">2022</p> <p class="mb-05"> <a href="/issue/1742-6596/2194/1" class="mr-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!--arrow-left--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M9.4 233.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l160 160c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L109.2 288 416 288c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-306.7 0L214.6 118.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-160 160z"/></svg>Previous issue</a> <a href="/issue/1742-6596/2209/1" class="ml-1">Next issue<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--right" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!--arrow-right--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"/></svg></a> </p> <h4 class="mb-05">2021 International Conference on Detection Technology and Intelligence System (DTIS 2021) 03/12/2021 - 05/12/2021 Harbin</h4> <p> Accepted papers received: 26 January 2022 <br> Published online: 22 February 2022 </p> </div> <!-- End Issue titles --> <!-- Start Issue display links --> <p id="jnl-issue-disp-links" class="cf"> <button data-reveal-label-alt="Close all abstracts" class="reveal-all-trigger mr-2 small" data-reveal-text="Open all abstracts" data-link-purpose-append="in this issue" data-link-purpose-append-open="in this issue">Open all abstracts<span class="offscreen-hidden">, in this issue</span></button> </p> <!-- End Issue display links --> <!-- Start Issue Toc Element Listing --> <form id="articles" method="post" action="" class="article-list-form"> <input type="hidden" name="issn" value="1742-6596" /> <input type="hidden" name="volume" value="2196" /> <input type="hidden" name="issue" value="1" /> <div class="art-list" id="wd-jnl-issue-art-list"> <h3 class="bdt-6 bd-grey-tint mb-1"> Preface</h3> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">011001</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/011001" class="art-list-item-title"> Preface </a> </div> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Preface" data-link-purpose-append-open="Preface">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/011001/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Preface</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/011001/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Preface</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Due to recent pandemic, 2021 International Conference on Detection Technology and Intelligence System (DTIS 2021) was held virtually online during December 3-5, 2021. The decision to hold the virtual conference was made in compliance with many restrictions and regulations that were imposed by countries around the globe. Such restrictions were made to minimize the risk of people contracting or spreading the COVID-19 through physical contact. There were 90 individuals who attended this on-line conference, represented many countries including Malaysia, Iran, and India.</p><p>The 2021 International Conference on Detection Technology and Intelligence System (DTIS 2021) is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Detection Technology and Intelligence System to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in advanced Detection Technology and Intelligence System is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.</p><p>During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. In the second part, we invited three professors as our keynote speakers. Prof. Dejie Yu, Hunan University, China. Prof. Dejie Yu's research areas are equipment condition monitoring and fault diagnosis; dynamic signal analysis and processing; automotive vibration and noise control (NVH); research on the properties and applications of phononic crystals/acoustic metamaterials; and research on the mechanical properties of acoustic metamaterials. And then we had Prof. Aihua Dong, Zhengzhou University of Economics and Business, China. Prof. Dong is mainly engaged in electrical automatic control, fault detection and other directions of scientific research. Lastly, we were glad to invite Assoc. Prof. Zhaojing Tong, Henan Polytechnic University, China. Assoc. Prof. Zhaojing Tong is mainly engaged in teaching and research in intelligent detection and equipment fault diagnosis, automatic control, intelligent reasoning, etc. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.</p><p>List of Committee are available in this pdf.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/011001">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/011001</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">011002</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/011002" class="art-list-item-title"> Peer Review Statement </a> </div> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Peer Review Statement" data-link-purpose-append-open="Peer Review Statement">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/011002/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Peer Review Statement</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/011002/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Peer Review Statement</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.</p><p>• <b>Type of peer review</b>: Single Anonymous</p><p>• <b>Conference submission management system</b>: Morressier</p><p>• <b>Number of submissions received</b>: 73</p><p>• <b>Number of submissions sent for review</b>: 44</p><p>• <b>Number of submissions accepted</b>: 44</p><p>• <b>Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received <b>×</b> 100)</b>: 60.3</p><p>• <b>Average number of reviews per paper</b>: 2</p><p>• <b>Total number of reviewers involved</b>: 9</p><p>• <b>Contact person for queries</b>:</p><p><b>Name</b>: Xuexia Ye</p><p><b>Email</b>: xx.ye@keoaeic.org</p><p><b>Affiliation</b>: AEIC Academic Exchange Information Centre</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/011002">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/011002</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <h3 class="bdt-6 bd-grey-tint mb-1"> Intelligent Detection Technology and Measurement and Control Device Research and Development</h3> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012001</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012001" class="art-list-item-title"> Research on tunnel damage process based on acoustic emission technology </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Huangda Zhu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Feng Liu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jiawei Cui</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Wangbin Peng</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research on tunnel damage process based on acoustic emission technology" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research on tunnel damage process based on acoustic emission technology">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012001/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on tunnel damage process based on acoustic emission technology</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012001/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on tunnel damage process based on acoustic emission technology</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>For a long time, it is generally believed that the tunnel has excellent seismic performance and can resist earthquake damage, so it will not be damaged. However, according to the survey of tunnels after the Wenchuan earthquake in China, 110 tunnels were damaged to varying degrees. In this paper, a series of shaking table tests were carried out on the proportional tunnel model under seismic excitation. Acoustic emission technology is combined with seismic excitation to identify and describe the damage of tunnel lining. The tunnel lining strain and acoustic emission signals are collected in the test. In addition, this paper also introduces the use of acoustic emission technology to describe the damage of tunnel lining. Taking the crown as an example, through the correlation analysis of amplitude, counts and energy, it is preliminarily judged that the crown is damaged under working conditions 7 and 8; Then combined with strain analysis, it is proved that the correlation analysis is reasonable. Finally, the rationality of correlation analysis is further explained by the changes of counts, energy, and its cumulative parameters with time. At the same time, the damage process of tunnel lining under seismic excitation is described by defining damage variables, which can be divided into three stages: initial compression elastic stage, yield failure stage and residual stage.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012001">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012001</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012002</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012002" class="art-list-item-title"> Research and development of intelligent safety sensor integration devices for autonomous driving </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Shijie Liu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhaoyou Ma</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xinming Guo</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xucai Zhuang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yonghong Chen</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jianqing Wu</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jianping Xing</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research and development of intelligent safety sensor integration devices for autonomous driving" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research and development of intelligent safety sensor integration devices for autonomous driving">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012002/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research and development of intelligent safety sensor integration devices for autonomous driving</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012002/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research and development of intelligent safety sensor integration devices for autonomous driving</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Grasping the status of vehicles timely and accurately is the key to avoid traffic accidents and collecting data from multi-sensors is significant for development of road-side intelligent sensor technology. In this paper, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and camera sensors are tested, and the sensor data can be processed and analyzed, and the display can be integrated. In this paper, a multi-sensor data acquisition integration device based on Raspberry Pi is proposed, which can realize the optimal processing of data and simultaneous acquisition display function. This method avoids the tedium of using an IPC and improves the efficiency of data acquisition and sensor integration.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012002">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012002</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012003</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012003" class="art-list-item-title"> Research on rail crack detection technology based on magneto-optical imaging principle </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Chen Xu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Guili Xu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Junwei He</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yuehua Cheng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Wende Dong</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Limin Ma</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research on rail crack detection technology based on magneto-optical imaging principle" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research on rail crack detection technology based on magneto-optical imaging principle">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012003/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on rail crack detection technology based on magneto-optical imaging principle</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012003/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on rail crack detection technology based on magneto-optical imaging principle</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>The detection of rail top crack is of great significance in ensuring the safe operation of railway. Based on the principle of magnetic flux leakage detection and Faraday magneto-optical effect, a high-resolution and non-destructive magneto-optical imaging detection method is proposed in this paper. This paper analyses the principle of magneto-optical imaging, establishes a rail magnetic flux leakage detection experimental system based on magneto-optical effect, and detects the rail specimen with crack through experiment. The experimental results show that the change of crack width and depth will affect the magneto-optical imaging results, and the minimum crack size that can be detected by this experimental system is 0.4mm wide and 0.5mm deep. This paper realizes the detection of rail crack defects by using magneto-optical imaging method, and provides the basis for building an efficient, portable and high-resolution rail non-destructive testing equipment.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012003">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012003</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012004</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012004" class="art-list-item-title"> Study on Illumination Measurement Method of Lighting Environment Based on RBF Neural Network </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yujie Zhang</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Si Li</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Study on Illumination Measurement Method of Lighting Environment Based on RBF Neural Network" data-link-purpose-append-open="Study on Illumination Measurement Method of Lighting Environment Based on RBF Neural Network">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012004/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Study on Illumination Measurement Method of Lighting Environment Based on RBF Neural Network</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012004/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Study on Illumination Measurement Method of Lighting Environment Based on RBF Neural Network</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>In order to better measure the indoor light environment, evaluate the quality of the indoor lighting environment, and improve the requirements of lighting comfort, a camera image measurement illuminance method based on RBF(Radial basis function)neural network is proposed, and the camera sensor imaging theory is derived and analyzed to obtain the environmental illuminance and camera sensor The relationship between the parameters, the establishment of the RBF neural network model, by building an experimental system platform, collecting data sets to train the network model, fitting the neural network model parameters to obtain the illuminance measurement model, and use the image gray level and the reference point illuminance as the neural network Input and ambient illuminance as output. The prediction result shows that the error between the illuminance value predicted by the neural network and the actual measured value of the illuminance meter is within 10lx, and the relative error is less than 8%, which meets the requirements of lighting building design standards. Therefore, this method can achieve rapid measurement of the illuminance in the environment, and has a relatively high High precision.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012004">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012004</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012005</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012005" class="art-list-item-title"> A digital microfluidic system with integrated electrochemical impedance detection arrays </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Kai Jin</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Qi Huang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Chenxuan Hu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Siyi Hu</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jinhua Li</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="A digital microfluidic system with integrated electrochemical impedance detection arrays" data-link-purpose-append-open="A digital microfluidic system with integrated electrochemical impedance detection arrays">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012005/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, A digital microfluidic system with integrated electrochemical impedance detection arrays</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012005/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, A digital microfluidic system with integrated electrochemical impedance detection arrays</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Electrochemical sensing provides a new way for miniaturization and low cost of equipment. Meanwhile, digital microfluidic (DMF) technology is making lab-on-chip a reality. The two technologies are essential in the point-of-care area. Electrochemical detection on electrodes and DMF-based droplet driving electrode realize their respective functions by means of electrical signals. In terms of working mode, it seems to have certain similarity, and electrochemical sensing seems to be more suitable for integrating digital microfluidic systems. We thus integrated electrochemical sensing on an active matrix (AM) DMF system. As a common transparent conductive glass, indium tin oxide (ITO) has been widely used as the top plate of the digital microfluidic chip. In this work, we used ITO glass with patterned interdigital electrodes as the top plate of the AM-DMF chip. We achieved on-chip droplet volume detection by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We also proposed a novel sample dilution method on the DMF chip. It takes only 30 seconds to dilute solutions into 4 different concentrations. We then analyzed droplet samples of different concentrations with EIS method. And the correlation coefficient of the fitted curve is as high as 0.9964. In conclusion, EIS is a powerful detection technology for fast, high-integration and low-cost detection on DMF system. The integration of EIS and DMF can be used in various biochemical analyses in the future.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012005">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012005</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012006</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012006" class="art-list-item-title"> The Design of Low-concentration Dust Detection System Based on Mie Scattering Theory </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhaopeng Zhang</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="The Design of Low-concentration Dust Detection System Based on Mie Scattering Theory" data-link-purpose-append-open="The Design of Low-concentration Dust Detection System Based on Mie Scattering Theory">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012006/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, The Design of Low-concentration Dust Detection System Based on Mie Scattering Theory</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012006/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, The Design of Low-concentration Dust Detection System Based on Mie Scattering Theory</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>According to the requirement of low-concentration dust emission in China, this paper designed a low-cost and high-precision dust detection system based on Mie scattering. Through theoretical analysis, the relationship between the intensity of scattered light and the concentration of soot is obtained. The laser emitting unit, signal receiving unit and STM32 data processing unit are designed. The driving principle of laser modulation and the principle of selective signal amplification of weak signal are analyzed. The host computer program is written with LabVIEW software, and the test data are displayed on the front panel of the host computer. The experimental results show that this system has high sensitivity, fast response, good repeatability, and can be measured online for a long time, which means this system has good practicability.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012006">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012006</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012007</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012007" class="art-list-item-title"> Development of a Temperature Calibration Device for Refrigerated Centrifuge </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Gong Wei</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Tingting Ren</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Li Feng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Qiuquan Zhang</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Qian Cai</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Development of a Temperature Calibration Device for Refrigerated Centrifuge" data-link-purpose-append-open="Development of a Temperature Calibration Device for Refrigerated Centrifuge">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012007/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Development of a Temperature Calibration Device for Refrigerated Centrifuge</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012007/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Development of a Temperature Calibration Device for Refrigerated Centrifuge</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>This article presents a novel design of a temperature calibration device and calibration procedure for refrigerated centrifuge. The temperature calibration results of 8 typical types of refrigerated centrifuges and the uncertainty analysis shows that the calibration device and calibration procedure presented in this article can meet the requirements of the temperature calibration for refrigerated centrifuge and ensure the temperature reliability of refrigerated centrifuge in its daily use.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012007">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012007</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012008</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012008" class="art-list-item-title"> Line average wind speed measurement system of roadway cross-section based on ultrasonic transit time Difference </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Tao li</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Line average wind speed measurement system of roadway cross-section based on ultrasonic transit time Difference" data-link-purpose-append-open="Line average wind speed measurement system of roadway cross-section based on ultrasonic transit time Difference">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012008/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Line average wind speed measurement system of roadway cross-section based on ultrasonic transit time Difference</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012008/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Line average wind speed measurement system of roadway cross-section based on ultrasonic transit time Difference</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Aiming at the problems of low measurement accuracy, poor adaptability, and lack of real-time online measurement methods for roadway section average wind speed, combined with the characteristics of roadway section, based on the characteristics of time difference caused by ultrasonic propagation in forward and reverse flow medium, high-energy ultrasonic transmission and long-distance transit are realized by adopting automatic tracking correction technology of transmission frequency and high-pressure pulse drive technology. program-controlled filter amplification technology and peak hold technology are used to achieve high quality processing of received signals. Accurate measurement of ultrasonic transit time is realized by adopting AD high-speed sampling time positioning technology, floating threshold time difference measurement technology and circuit time delay self-determination measurement technology, and finally realizes the measurement of the average wind speed of the roadway cross-section line. The measurement system is tested on the gas flow standard device, and the measurement accuracy meets and exceeds the requirements of relevant standards. Compared with the current technical means for measuring cross-section wind speed in roadways, the system has the advantages of one-time measurement of average line wind speed, high accuracy, strong adaptability and real-time on-line monitoring.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012008">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012008</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012009</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012009" class="art-list-item-title"> Modulation Method and Research of Vienna Rectifier in Hybrid Rectifier </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Tengyue Yan</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Wenchao Jia</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Modulation Method and Research of Vienna Rectifier in Hybrid Rectifier" data-link-purpose-append-open="Modulation Method and Research of Vienna Rectifier in Hybrid Rectifier">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012009/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Modulation Method and Research of Vienna Rectifier in Hybrid Rectifier</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012009/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Modulation Method and Research of Vienna Rectifier in Hybrid Rectifier</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>With the development of modern industry becoming more intelligent, in the research field of power electronic devices, the demand for its comprehensive performance has further increased. Thus, the hybrid rectifier came into being. Hybrid rectification technology means that the controller controls two rectification devices connected in parallel with different structures to realize the conversion function. Among them, there is the most extensive research on a type of hybrid rectifier, with many variations. The circuit structure consists of two rectifiers connected in parallel with different structures. One part adopts a three-phase controllable rectifier structure, the other part adopts a diode uncontrolled rectifier bridge and a single power tube cascade form. We call the two parts rectifier A and rectifier B.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012009">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012009</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012010</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012010" class="art-list-item-title"> Research on the Method of Measuring Soil Water Content by Time Domain Reflectometry </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jiawei Cui</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Saibo Kong</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research on the Method of Measuring Soil Water Content by Time Domain Reflectometry" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research on the Method of Measuring Soil Water Content by Time Domain Reflectometry">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012010/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on the Method of Measuring Soil Water Content by Time Domain Reflectometry</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012010/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on the Method of Measuring Soil Water Content by Time Domain Reflectometry</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Time domain reflectometry (TDR) can calculate the water content by testing the dielectric constant of the rock and soil medium, but the TDR measurement results under time domain conditions are susceptible to the influence of soil conductivity. This article introduces the basic theory of TDR measurement, then uses the transmission scattering matrix to describe the transmission equation, analyzes the dielectric constant in the frequency domain, simulates the TDR waveform with matlab based on the Debye model, and fits the simulated waveform to the measured waveform, and then according to the simulated waveform The matching degree proves the feasibility of calibrating the dielectric constant of the soil. Taking clay as the measurement object, finally fitting a simulation waveform with a higher degree of matching with the measurement waveform, which proves the feasibility of the method and has certain reference value for the study of the TDR method of measuring soil dielectric constant and water content.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012010">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012010</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012011</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012011" class="art-list-item-title"> Masked Face Detection and Calibration with Deep Learning Models </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xingze Li</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Masked Face Detection and Calibration with Deep Learning Models" data-link-purpose-append-open="Masked Face Detection and Calibration with Deep Learning Models">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012011/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Masked Face Detection and Calibration with Deep Learning Models</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012011/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Masked Face Detection and Calibration with Deep Learning Models</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Under the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand that face detection devices should be enhanced to detect masked faces is imperative. In this study, we utilize several state-of-the-art face detection models and compare them on various unmasked and masked human face datasets. Moreover, by analyzing the results we obtain, we evaluate these disparate models and discover some problems. Attempting to overcome the problems discovered, we propose and implement several improvements, and acquire more results for analysis. At length, we propose some ideas for future research directions.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012011">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012011</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012012</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012012" class="art-list-item-title"> Research on Straightness Detection Device for Elevator Guide Rail </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Shuangchang Feng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yanchun Liang</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jie Chen</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research on Straightness Detection Device for Elevator Guide Rail" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research on Straightness Detection Device for Elevator Guide Rail">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012012/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Straightness Detection Device for Elevator Guide Rail</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012012/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Straightness Detection Device for Elevator Guide Rail</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>The elevator guide rail is composed of a plurality of section by section guide rails in series. The straightness of the guide rail needs to be detected when the elevator is installed. There are many detection methods in the prior art. The first is the vertical line method, but this method is too backward, low precision, time-consuming and laborious; The second is to use RSU (elevator guide rail straightness dynamic detector) for measurement. Its basic principle is to install RSU in the lift car. When the car slides up and down along the guide rail, multiple distance (displacement) sensors detect the horizontal offset of the guide rail in real time, and finally fit these horizontal offsets to analyze its straightness. The disadvantage of this method is that its accuracy will be affected by car shaking and its own error, and the improvement of measurement efficiency is limited. The purpose of this paper is to provide a straightness detection device for elevator guide rail in order to overcome the defects of the above existing technology. With low cost and high efficiency, it is worth popularizing in the inspection work.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012012">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012012</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012013</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012013" class="art-list-item-title"> Study on Counterweight Structure with Buffer Device </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Shuangchang Feng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yanchun Liang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Pengzhao Zhang</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jie Chen</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Study on Counterweight Structure with Buffer Device" data-link-purpose-append-open="Study on Counterweight Structure with Buffer Device">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012013/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Study on Counterweight Structure with Buffer Device</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012013/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Study on Counterweight Structure with Buffer Device</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>At present, a buffer device is installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft to buffer the falling counterweight. When the elevator hits the buffer, the buffer absorbs or consumes the kinetic energy and potential energy of the elevator, so as to make the elevator or counterweight slow down safely until it stops. The corresponding counterweight is fixedly installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft. However, the counterweight installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft has certain disadvantages. In order to overcome the defects of the above existing technology, a counterweight structure with buffer device is studied in this paper. Compared with the prior art, the structure has the advantages of reducing construction time, high safety, simple structure, etc., and has universal popularization significance.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012013">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012013</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012014</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012014" class="art-list-item-title"> Analysis on harmonic characteristic of transformer DC bias caused by metro stray current </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xinxiang Cheng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yanru Ni</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Kun Yu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xiangjun Zeng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Chao Zhuo</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Wei Han</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Analysis on harmonic characteristic of transformer DC bias caused by metro stray current" data-link-purpose-append-open="Analysis on harmonic characteristic of transformer DC bias caused by metro stray current">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012014/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Analysis on harmonic characteristic of transformer DC bias caused by metro stray current</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012014/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Analysis on harmonic characteristic of transformer DC bias caused by metro stray current</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>With the continuous improvement of the economic level, urban rail transit has been vigorously developed. However, the metro stray current will be generated during the actual operation of urban rail, which will cause transformer DC bias along the metro line. In order to effectively evaluate the influence of the transformer on the DC bias under urban rail operation, the stray current distribution model with single and double-ended power supply mode was established, and the numerical calculation of the stray current was realized. Based on the real-time dynamic change characteristics of the stray current, a synchronous simulation model of the transformer DC bias was established, and the harmonic characteristics of the transformer excitation current were further analyzed. The simulation test shows that when the direct current is injected into the neutral point of the transformer, the excitation current waveform is asymmetrical along the positive and negative semi-axes, and the odd and even harmonics coexist. And the influence of transformer DC bias is weakened when transformer air core reactance is increased. The characteristic quantities such as excitation current amplitude, waveform characteristics, and harmonic content have been quantitatively analyzed in this paper, which has certain guiding significance for evaluating the influence of transformer DC bias.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012014">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012014</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012015</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012015" class="art-list-item-title"> High-temperature digital circuit design for fluxgate sensor </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Chenhao Zhang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yiming Zhang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Junxia Gao</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">ZhongZheng Li</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="High-temperature digital circuit design for fluxgate sensor" data-link-purpose-append-open="High-temperature digital circuit design for fluxgate sensor">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012015/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, High-temperature digital circuit design for fluxgate sensor</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012015/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, High-temperature digital circuit design for fluxgate sensor</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>With the continuous development of integrated electronics and the increasing demand for downhole resource exploration, it has become important to develop a small size, high temperature resistant, high-performance digital fluxgate sensor. Due to the strict size limitation of downhole exploration equipment, some high-temperature devices are generally large in size and have a different performance of the same type of devices, so it is necessary to select the devices that meet the temperature requirements through high-temperature experiments. In this paper, by simplifying the circuit structure and selecting devices through high-temperature experiments, the usability of the circuit structure at 175°C and the stable performance in long-time operation at high temperature were verified.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012015">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012015</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012016</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012016" class="art-list-item-title"> Convolutional neural network microseismic event detection based on variance fractal dimension </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Guoqing Han</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Shuang Yan</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zejie Chen</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Lin Chen</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Convolutional neural network microseismic event detection based on variance fractal dimension" data-link-purpose-append-open="Convolutional neural network microseismic event detection based on variance fractal dimension">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012016/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Convolutional neural network microseismic event detection based on variance fractal dimension</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012016/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Convolutional neural network microseismic event detection based on variance fractal dimension</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Microseismic event detection helps to predict outbreak catastrophic problems and has essential applications in resource exploration. Low SNR microseismic signal detection is a challenging task in microseismic detection. In this paper, we propose a (convolutional neural network microseismic detection method based on variance fractal dimension) VFD-CNN method based on the variance fractal dimension (VFD). In this method, signals and background noise are first measured by variance fractal dimension, which can effectively extract seismic nonlinear features. These fractal features are then fed into VFD-CNN to distinguish signal and noise. Finally, the variance fractal dimension of the test data is fed into the optimal model to detect microseismic events. The VFD-CNN method can significantly improve the detection capability of low SNR microseismic signals. To verify the performance of the VFD-CNN method, We use the VFD-CNN method to synthesize microseismic data. Furthermore, the comparison experiments were conducted using VFD-CNN and short-term averaging to long-term averaging (STA/LTA) algorithms. The results show that the VFD-CNN method can significantly improve the detection of low SNR microseismic signals, and its precision is substantially higher than the STA/LTA algorithm.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012016">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012016</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012017</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012017" class="art-list-item-title"> Research and Implementation on Key Technologies of Assembly Assistance System based on Augmented Reality </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jianhui Zhao</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xiaolin Mei</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jinsheng Ma</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Rui Wang</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Ruyi Zhang</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research and Implementation on Key Technologies of Assembly Assistance System based on Augmented Reality" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research and Implementation on Key Technologies of Assembly Assistance System based on Augmented Reality">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012017/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research and Implementation on Key Technologies of Assembly Assistance System based on Augmented Reality</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012017/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research and Implementation on Key Technologies of Assembly Assistance System based on Augmented Reality</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Aiming at the demand of assembly assistance for complex industrial products, this paper studies the structure and key links of augmented reality aided assembly system, and takes a gear pump as an example to realize the parts detection function based on yolo neural network algorithm. On this basis, the assembly assistance system is built based on Vuforia, and the user interface is designed, realizing the functions of assembly progress identification and assembly information prompt.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012017">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012017</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012018</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012018" class="art-list-item-title"> Research on Adaptive Transmission Protocol of TT&C of Launch Vehicle Based on TDRSS </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Dandan Fan</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xingye Han</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yi Dun</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research on Adaptive Transmission Protocol of TT&C of Launch Vehicle Based on TDRSS" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research on Adaptive Transmission Protocol of TT&C of Launch Vehicle Based on TDRSS">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012018/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Adaptive Transmission Protocol of TT&C of Launch Vehicle Based on TDRSS</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012018/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Adaptive Transmission Protocol of TT&C of Launch Vehicle Based on TDRSS</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>The application of TDRSS in TT&C of launch vehicle can improve the coverage and transmission rate of TT&C link. But the transmission protocol based on fixed transmission rate can not ensure the stable TT&C link based on TDRSS. The adaptive transmission protocol proposed in this paper can adjust the transmission rate according to the real-time transmission status during the whole flight. According to the different types of rocket-borne subscriber terminals, the open loop adaptive transmission protocol and closed loop adaptive transmission protocol are designed, which can both keep the stable transmission and improve the transmission efficiency.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012018">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012018</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012019</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012019" class="art-list-item-title"> Study of Installation Method for Large Parts of Spacecraft Based on Zero-gravity Unloading </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Lide Zheng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xiaohui Song</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Wei Wang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Qian Zhang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Feng Xue</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xu Liu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Lei Gu</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Huaqing Lian</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Study of Installation Method for Large Parts of Spacecraft Based on Zero-gravity Unloading" data-link-purpose-append-open="Study of Installation Method for Large Parts of Spacecraft Based on Zero-gravity Unloading">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012019/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Study of Installation Method for Large Parts of Spacecraft Based on Zero-gravity Unloading</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012019/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Study of Installation Method for Large Parts of Spacecraft Based on Zero-gravity Unloading</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>The zero-gravity unloading method is a process method commonly used in the spacecraft field. It has been widely used in the docking installation and ground deployment test of load equipment such as solar wing and antenna, and it is used according to the situation of solar wing, antenna or other load equipment. Different gravity unloading tooling. This article analyzes and compares various unloading methods according to the installation requirements of a certain model of large parts in the zero-gravity state. On the basis of analysis, it is concluded that the traditional five methods of uninstallation are not suitable for the installation and uninstallation of large-scale equipment modules of this model. It is necessary to carry out targeted design according to the configuration characteristics, main structure characteristics and installation requirements of large-scale equipment to realize large-scale modules. Stress-free assembly in zero-gravity state. As a result, a method for installing large parts of spacecraft based on zero-gravity unloading was proposed, which formed a large-scale component docking technology and realized the smooth assembly of the product.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012019">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012019</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012020</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012020" class="art-list-item-title"> Online monitoring and early warning technology for the status of earth wire for overhead line </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Chao Feng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Rui Yang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xianhui Cao</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Weike Liu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Shuyuni He</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Kejian Ouyang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhiwei Jia</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yi Xie</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jun Wang</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Online monitoring and early warning technology for the status of earth wire for overhead line" data-link-purpose-append-open="Online monitoring and early warning technology for the status of earth wire for overhead line">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012020/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Online monitoring and early warning technology for the status of earth wire for overhead line</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012020/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Online monitoring and early warning technology for the status of earth wire for overhead line</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Overhead lines for wind power transmission in the southern region have the characteristics of large tower-line elevation, across thick ice areas, harsh natural environments, and difficult maintenance. Unpredictable line breakage accidents often occur, affecting the stability of the social power supply. This paper designs and introduces a technology based on intelligent perception technique for online monitoring of the earth wire, which can realize long-term real-time online monitoring of the state of the earth wire of overhead lines and solve the problem of line monitoring from wind power transmission and fault inspection and troubleshooting. Now the test and monitoring work of an overhead transmission line has been completed during the ice period, and the test results show that the technology has good monitoring performance.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012020">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012020</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012021</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012021" class="art-list-item-title"> Research on Condition Evaluation Algorithm of Oil-immersed Transformer Based on Naive Bayes </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Mingchao Yong</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jianmin Xue</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Weijie Wang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Bangtian Wang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Lidong Lv</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Qingshan Wang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Hongguang Shi</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Bingxin Wu</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Bogen Chen</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research on Condition Evaluation Algorithm of Oil-immersed Transformer Based on Naive Bayes" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research on Condition Evaluation Algorithm of Oil-immersed Transformer Based on Naive Bayes">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012021/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Condition Evaluation Algorithm of Oil-immersed Transformer Based on Naive Bayes</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012021/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Condition Evaluation Algorithm of Oil-immersed Transformer Based on Naive Bayes</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>The improved three ratio method is a general algorithm for condition evaluation of oil immersed transformer. It has high accuracy in pre-test and laboratory analysis. However, the accuracy of DGA online monitoring data is not high, resulting in the decline of the positive judgment rate of transformer condition evaluation using the improved three ratio method, which is difficult to support the development requirements of transformer intelligence. To solve this problem, a DGA state evaluation method based on Naive Bayesian algorithm is proposed. The algorithm first performs preprocessing such as median filtering on the DGA online monitoring data to remove invalid data, then uses a triple composed of three conditional attributes to describe the characteristics of the DGA data, and finally calculates the a priori probability of training samples and the a posteriori probability of test samples by naive Bayesian algorithm for state evaluation. The verification of the algorithm on the measured data set shows that the accuracy of the algorithm is better than the improved three ratio method, and the algorithm is feasible and effective</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012021">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012021</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012022</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012022" class="art-list-item-title"> Research on Ultrasonic Quantitative Evaluation Technology of Complex Defects Based on Neural Network </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xinglong Li</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Shengguo Liu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Shuo Cheng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jindi Lin</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Rongchun Liu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Leyu Wang</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhilin Zhou</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research on Ultrasonic Quantitative Evaluation Technology of Complex Defects Based on Neural Network" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research on Ultrasonic Quantitative Evaluation Technology of Complex Defects Based on Neural Network">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012022/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Ultrasonic Quantitative Evaluation Technology of Complex Defects Based on Neural Network</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012022/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Ultrasonic Quantitative Evaluation Technology of Complex Defects Based on Neural Network</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>As one of the five non-destructive testing methods, ultrasonic testing is widely used because of its accurate positioning, high sensitivity and simple operation, but the method is still difficult to locate and quantify complex shape defects. The large amount of data required for ultrasonic imaging leads to low detection efficiency. Based on this, the article establishes an inversion system for evaluating complex shape defects, which includes ultrasonic A-scan technology, BP neural network, image processing technology and signal processing technology. The system is verified by simulation and experiment. The results of the defect inversion are as follows: the similarity coefficients are all greater than 0.89, the maximum value can reach 0.95; the area error is less than 11%, the minimum value can reach 1.2%; the centroid x error is less than 12%, the minimum value can reach 1.58%; the centroid y error is less than 11%, the minimum value can reach 2.15%. The result of defect inversion further verifies the accuracy and reliability of the complex defect inversion system.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012022">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012022</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012023</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012023" class="art-list-item-title"> Sharing VSG Operation with Synchronous Generator </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Hashim Hasabelrasul</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhenjiang Cai</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Lei Sun</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xuesong Suo</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Sharing VSG Operation with Synchronous Generator" data-link-purpose-append-open="Sharing VSG Operation with Synchronous Generator">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012023/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Sharing VSG Operation with Synchronous Generator</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012023/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Sharing VSG Operation with Synchronous Generator</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>While several synchronous generators (SGs) are substituted through virtual synchronous generators (VSGs), some SGs remain in today's microgrids. And the majority of the research assumes that VSG mimics SG characteristics, allowing it to function in parallel among SGs. However, few studies have gone to great lengths to study this concept. As a result, the paper's goal system is a microgrid that runs both VSG and regular SG in parallel. In this article, new parameters for the VSG are designed in parallel with the SG. Then, in an independent microgrid, identical VSG-VSG and scenario SG-VSG configurations are fixed to equate the complex activity. The emotional responses contrasted when the load requirement is shared fairly and proportionally.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012023">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012023</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012024</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012024" class="art-list-item-title"> An integrated method of system maintainability, testability and supportability design and evaluation </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Huazhao Zhang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Baoding Liu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jinsong Yu</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Guozhu Liang</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="An integrated method of system maintainability, testability and supportability design and evaluation" data-link-purpose-append-open="An integrated method of system maintainability, testability and supportability design and evaluation">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012024/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, An integrated method of system maintainability, testability and supportability design and evaluation</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012024/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, An integrated method of system maintainability, testability and supportability design and evaluation</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>General quality characteristics of equipment system have a guiding role for the design, production and use of equipment and are vital for the evaluation of these characteristics. They are important indicators to measure whether the equipment meets the established standard. Aiming at the problem that the design and evaluation process of equipment general quality characteristics are independent and unrelated, this paper proposes an integrated and continuous maintainability, testability and supportability design and evaluation process based on FMECA and MSFG, and designs corresponding evaluation parameters. An impact-based fault mode rating method is also proposed to better evaluate the general quality characteristics of equipment.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012024">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012024</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012025</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012025" class="art-list-item-title"> Research on Real-time Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits Based on Simscape </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Baohe Xu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Li Lu</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Dawei Gong</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research on Real-time Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits Based on Simscape" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research on Real-time Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits Based on Simscape">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012025/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Real-time Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits Based on Simscape</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012025/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Real-time Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits Based on Simscape</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>In order to realize hardware-in-the-loop simulation of commonly used power electronic circuits, a method of joint simulation using Simcape and field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed. This article adopts a switch modeling method suitable for high-frequency characteristics, namely the switch function method. It effectively solves the problem of rigidity non-convergence in the modeling of the binary resistance method, as well as the transient error caused by the binary LC method when the system state is switched with the increase of the switching frequency, which reduces the simulation accuracy. Taking the single-phase full-bridge inverter circuit as an example, a Simscape model based on the state-space averaging method was established, and the HDL code was automatically generated using the Simscape HDL Workflow Advisor tool, and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation was completed with FPGA. Finally, the simulation results with Simulink comparison verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012025">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012025</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012026</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012026" class="art-list-item-title"> Gesture recognition real-time control system based on YOLOV4 </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhuowen Zheng</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Gesture recognition real-time control system based on YOLOV4" data-link-purpose-append-open="Gesture recognition real-time control system based on YOLOV4">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012026/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Gesture recognition real-time control system based on YOLOV4</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012026/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Gesture recognition real-time control system based on YOLOV4</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>With the development of industrial information technology in recent years, gesture control has attracted wide attention from scholars. Various gesture control methods have emerged, such as visual control, wearable device control, magnetic field feature extraction control. Based on one of the visual gesture control methods, this paper proposes a visual gesture control method applied to music box control by combining YOLOv4 object detection network. We design seven main gestures, reconstruct gesture datasets, and retrain the YOLOv4 object detection network by the means of the self-built datasets, further build a music box gesture control system. In this paper, we obtain the recognition accuracy of 97.8% for the object detection network in the gesture control system after a series of experiments, and recruit eight volunteers to conduct experimental tests on the self-built gesture-controlled music box system, mainly to quantify the time of executing a single command, attention concentration, etc. The results show that compared with the traditional control method, the visual gesture control method ensures the accuracy while has a faster response speed and takes up less of the user's attention.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012026">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012026</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012027</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012027" class="art-list-item-title"> Design and Implementation of Dual-channel 100MSPS Data Acquisition Module </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Hong Yang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xuemei Li</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yifan Wang</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Bo Xu</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Design and Implementation of Dual-channel 100MSPS Data Acquisition Module" data-link-purpose-append-open="Design and Implementation of Dual-channel 100MSPS Data Acquisition Module">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012027/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Design and Implementation of Dual-channel 100MSPS Data Acquisition Module</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012027/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Design and Implementation of Dual-channel 100MSPS Data Acquisition Module</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Aiming at the problems of single channel acquisition mode of traditional oscilloscope recorder, insufficient acquisition flexibility, low acquisition frequency, transmission delay, etc., this paper proposes a design method of dual-channel signal acquisition module based on FPGA hardware platform. This design uses a high-sampling-rate ADC chip AD9268 as a dual-channel acquisition port to achieve 100MSPS sampling frequency acquisition, while simultaneously transmitting the converted digital signal through the SerDes serial port. In the FPGA implementation process, a channel conditioning module is added to adjust the gain and offset of the input data. The test results show that the system can realize synchronous sampling, processing, and transmission of the input analog signal, and the acquisition process is stable, and the collected signal has a high degree of restoration and no distortion.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012027">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012027</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012028</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012028" class="art-list-item-title"> SC Curreent Interruption Capability and Protection of SiC Based Solid State Circuit Breaker </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Mingyu Tian</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yu Ren</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Shipeng Tian</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yuchen Tan</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="SC Curreent Interruption Capability and Protection of SiC Based Solid State Circuit Breaker" data-link-purpose-append-open="SC Curreent Interruption Capability and Protection of SiC Based Solid State Circuit Breaker">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012028/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, SC Curreent Interruption Capability and Protection of SiC Based Solid State Circuit Breaker</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012028/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, SC Curreent Interruption Capability and Protection of SiC Based Solid State Circuit Breaker</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>This paper presents the short circuit (SC) current interruption capability of a 1.7 kV/72 A silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET based solid state circuit breaker (SSCB). The interruption process of SSCB is introduced in detail. A test platform is built and the SSCB is tested and discussed at various DC-link voltage, fault inductance and junction temperature. Before the desaturation point (<i>V<sub>DS</sub>=200</i> V), SSCB can successfully turn off the SC current. The saturation value of the SC current is positively correlated with <i>di/dt</i>, and the effect of junction temperature (50-150°C) on saturation current is not significant. A SC protection circuit with a response time of 260 ns is proposed and is validated through the test platform.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012028">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012028</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012029</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012029" class="art-list-item-title"> Security architecture and technology of power Internet of things for energy interconnection </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xuesong Zhao</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xiaofei Fan</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jing Hou</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Security architecture and technology of power Internet of things for energy interconnection" data-link-purpose-append-open="Security architecture and technology of power Internet of things for energy interconnection">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012029/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Security architecture and technology of power Internet of things for energy interconnection</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012029/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Security architecture and technology of power Internet of things for energy interconnection</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>The power Internet of things platform is an important support for the digital innovation service of the energy Internet, covering all links of the power system. There are many new security problems. How to realize the trusted interconnection, intelligent defense and security interaction of the power Internet of things, and how to solve the data, application and key security of the power information system are important problems to be solved in the current power Internet of things, Facing the development of energy Internet, this paper analyzes the security requirements and characteristics of power Internet of things, puts forward the security framework of power Internet of things, and summarizes the key technologies of power Internet of things security.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012029">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012029</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012030</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012030" class="art-list-item-title"> Intelligent control of flexible joint based on cooperative learning theory </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Qun Shi</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xiangjie Jia</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Intelligent control of flexible joint based on cooperative learning theory" data-link-purpose-append-open="Intelligent control of flexible joint based on cooperative learning theory">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012030/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Intelligent control of flexible joint based on cooperative learning theory</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012030/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Intelligent control of flexible joint based on cooperative learning theory</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>It is complex and time-consuming for obtaining accurate dynamics of industrial robots. The flexibility of the joint not only increases the adverse effects of nonlinear factors, but also makes the controller design of robot significantly difficult. In order to improve the performance of robots containing joint flexibility, cooperative learning (COL) theory is proposed in this paper. Based on this theory, a model-free intelligent controller is trained and successfully applied to the flexible joints. Compared with the conventional PID controller and RBF controller, the cumulative tracking error produced by the cooperative learning intelligent controller is reduced by 38.25% and 31.08%, respectively, and the robustness is improved in the trajectory tracking experiment and the robustness experiment. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the cooperative learning theory.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012030">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012030</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012031</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012031" class="art-list-item-title"> Influence of Public Mobile Communication System on the Frequency of S-Band Radars </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jian Yang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zengtian Chang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Dongchu Su</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Chenyong Li</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Siwei Luo</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">BoWei Chang</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Lu Qiang</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Influence of Public Mobile Communication System on the Frequency of S-Band Radars" data-link-purpose-append-open="Influence of Public Mobile Communication System on the Frequency of S-Band Radars">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012031/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Influence of Public Mobile Communication System on the Frequency of S-Band Radars</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012031/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Influence of Public Mobile Communication System on the Frequency of S-Band Radars</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Given the interference between public mobile communication system and S-band radars, an applicable interference analysis model was established, the typical frequency parameters of radar and the key parameters of the base station were sorted out, the radiation parameters of the mobile terminal (MT) were tested practically, and the interferences of the base station and MT to radar were calculated. Further, the Monte Carlo method was taken to simulate the system-level lumped interference of the communication system to radar, and an analysis was made on the influence of the communication system on the frequency of radar. The results revealed that the public mobile communication system had severe lumped interference with radar, which may affect radar frequency. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to protect radar.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012031">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012031</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012032</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012032" class="art-list-item-title"> Simulation Analysis of RBW Parameters of Spectrum Analyzer Based on Convolution Approach </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Dongchu Su</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jian Yang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Chunxing Yuan</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Bowei Chang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Siwei Luo</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Chenyong Li</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Simulation Analysis of RBW Parameters of Spectrum Analyzer Based on Convolution Approach" data-link-purpose-append-open="Simulation Analysis of RBW Parameters of Spectrum Analyzer Based on Convolution Approach">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012032/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Simulation Analysis of RBW Parameters of Spectrum Analyzer Based on Convolution Approach</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012032/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Simulation Analysis of RBW Parameters of Spectrum Analyzer Based on Convolution Approach</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Resolution Band Width (RBW) represents the 3 dB bandwidth of the internal IF filter of the spectrum analyzer, the setting of which greatly affects the clarity of the output spectrum line of the spectrum analyzer. Its reasonable value is essential to correctly distinguish the signals of different frequencies, especially in the case of aliasing of the output spectrum. Thus, it is of great significance to study the relationship between the setting of RBW and the output spectrum. Due to the expensive spectrum analyzer, the RBW adjustment range, frequency range and output accuracy are limited, so this paper will apply an economic, RBW arbitrary adjustable, high accuracy equivalent convolution method for the simulation of the RBW parameters of the spectrum analyzer, and evaluate the effect of RBW and filter type on the degree of output spectrum aliasing based on a typical equal-amplitude two-tone signal input, and finally give setting suggestions on RBW and filter type.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012032">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012032</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012033</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012033" class="art-list-item-title"> Different parameter values of Gaussian function analysis on EMI reduction and switching loss in active gate drive of SiC MOSFET </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Chentao Li</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Qishuang Ma</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Ping Xu</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Different parameter values of Gaussian function analysis on EMI reduction and switching loss in active gate drive of SiC MOSFET" data-link-purpose-append-open="Different parameter values of Gaussian function analysis on EMI reduction and switching loss in active gate drive of SiC MOSFET">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012033/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Different parameter values of Gaussian function analysis on EMI reduction and switching loss in active gate drive of SiC MOSFET</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012033/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Different parameter values of Gaussian function analysis on EMI reduction and switching loss in active gate drive of SiC MOSFET</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Nowadays, wide bandgap(WBG) devices named SiC and GaN were widely used in power electronics system to improve power density and switching speed, meanwhile, electromagnetic interference(EMI) becomes a major drawback in power electronics system based on wide bandgap devices. This article discusses the influence of different parameter values in Gaussian function on EMI suppression, and a trade-off between EMI and losses was also discussed. Experiments were given in this article to analyze different parameter values effect on EMI reduction. This article can give guidance in the Gaussian function generated when used in active gate drive to reduce EMI.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012033">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012033</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012034</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012034" class="art-list-item-title"> Design of magnetic coupling mechanism for wireless power transmission system based on magnetic flux analysis </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jing Xiao</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Liqun Yin</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Wenlan Gong</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xiaorui Wu</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jin Ouyang</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Design of magnetic coupling mechanism for wireless power transmission system based on magnetic flux analysis" data-link-purpose-append-open="Design of magnetic coupling mechanism for wireless power transmission system based on magnetic flux analysis">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012034/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Design of magnetic coupling mechanism for wireless power transmission system based on magnetic flux analysis</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012034/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Design of magnetic coupling mechanism for wireless power transmission system based on magnetic flux analysis</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Aiming at the wireless charging system that can dynamically change arbitrarily in a three-dimensional space such as a smart robot, this paper proposes a new type of magnetic coupling mechanism that combines a disc coil and a spiral coil. It can not only avoid frequency splitting in the short-distance range, but also effectively enhance the coupling strength in the long-distance range. In addition, it can also effectively improve the position robustness and anti-offset ability of the robot's wireless charging system. In this paper, the geometric framework of the new magnetic coupling mechanism is first given. Based on the analysis of magnetic flux, it is theoretically confirmed that the magnetic coupling mechanism can reduce the coupling strength in the near range, avoid the frequency splitting phenomenon, and improve the coupling strength of the system and the energy efficiency of the system in the long range. Finally, based on the finite element simulation software COMSOL, it is proved that the proposed magnetic coupling mechanism can achieve high energy efficiency output in a large range, and has strong position robustness and anti-deviation.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012034">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012034</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012035</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012035" class="art-list-item-title"> Bearing fault diagnosis based on XWT-CEEMD noise reduction </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yuqian Wei</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Bearing fault diagnosis based on XWT-CEEMD noise reduction" data-link-purpose-append-open="Bearing fault diagnosis based on XWT-CEEMD noise reduction">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012035/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Bearing fault diagnosis based on XWT-CEEMD noise reduction</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012035/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Bearing fault diagnosis based on XWT-CEEMD noise reduction</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>In recent years, bearing fault diagnosis has been a research hotspot. In order to improve the reliability of acoustic fault diagnosis, this paper combines Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) and complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) to extract bearing fault features from acoustic signals. Finally, the time-domain features and spectral centroid are input into the SVM for fault classification. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the reliability of acoustic fault diagnosis.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012035">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012035</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012036</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012036" class="art-list-item-title"> Volume calculation of goaf based on 3D scanning </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Hu Zhao</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Bofeng Zou</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xianfeng Meng</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Qingming Duan</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Volume calculation of goaf based on 3D scanning" data-link-purpose-append-open="Volume calculation of goaf based on 3D scanning">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012036/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Volume calculation of goaf based on 3D scanning</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012036/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Volume calculation of goaf based on 3D scanning</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>The goaf formed by underground mining poses a great safety hazard to the production of the mining area. The accurate calculation of goaf volume is the data basis for the filling and blasting of the goaf, and it also has certain reference significance for the monitoring of collapse accidents. In this paper, the data detected by the 3D ranging scanner is used to build a network model on the Self - developed 3D modeling platform, and the network model is divided into the smallest triangular grid. The algorithm uses the scanner's laser probe as the common point, accumulates all the minimum tetrahedral volumes constructed by the common point and the smallest triangular grid, and completes the accurate solution of the total volume of the scanned goaf. Experiments and practical applications show that the volumetric algorithm has high accuracy, and has universal applicability to the volume calculation of similar types of space scanning equipment.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012036">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012036</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012037</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012037" class="art-list-item-title"> New Energy Vehicle Battery SOC Evaluation Method based on Robust Extended Kalman Filterd </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jian Zhang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Qiang Wang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Fanjie Meng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Hang Shi</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yanjun Xi</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="New Energy Vehicle Battery SOC Evaluation Method based on Robust Extended Kalman Filterd" data-link-purpose-append-open="New Energy Vehicle Battery SOC Evaluation Method based on Robust Extended Kalman Filterd">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012037/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, New Energy Vehicle Battery SOC Evaluation Method based on Robust Extended Kalman Filterd</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012037/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, New Energy Vehicle Battery SOC Evaluation Method based on Robust Extended Kalman Filterd</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>In actual charging/discharging scenarios of new energy vehicles, low temperature, natural disasters, extreme weather, electromagnetic radiation and other factors will cause strong noise interference in SOC evaluation. Aiming at the problem of SOC evaluation accuracy in extreme environments, a power battery SOC evaluation method based on robust Kalman filter is proposed. The experimental results prove that the method is suitable for the accurate assessment of SOC in the charging/discharging process of the power battery of new energy vehicles under the interference of complex and harsh environment noise, and it has good robustness.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012037">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012037</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012038</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012038" class="art-list-item-title"> S-type speed control curve based on the number of pulses </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhizheng Zhang</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yuanhua Yu</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="S-type speed control curve based on the number of pulses" data-link-purpose-append-open="S-type speed control curve based on the number of pulses">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012038/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, S-type speed control curve based on the number of pulses</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012038/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, S-type speed control curve based on the number of pulses</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>The stepper motor is a kind of motor that converts electrical pulse signals into corresponding angular displacements or linear displacements, with high accuracy and easy control. According to the characteristics of stepper motor controlled by pulses, this paper designs an S-type speed control method based on the number of pulses, then tests and analyzes it in a motion system which controlled by STM32. The results show that: the change of the speed for the motion system is compared. It is stable and basically conforms to the designed quadratic function curve, and there is no out-of-step phenomenon in the test. While retaining the great stability and acceleration performance of S-type acceleration and deceleration, this control method greatly reduces the calculation difficulty. It is more suitable for microcontrollers and embedded control systems.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012038">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012038</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012039</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012039" class="art-list-item-title"> Failure causes and solutions of relay protection switching power supply </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Hongyue Zhang</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhiwen Liu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhanfeng Fan</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Hongtao Song</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhilei Niu</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Zhangxue Xiong</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Maojun Deng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jiang Shuai</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Wenzheng Li</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xinwen Li</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Failure causes and solutions of relay protection switching power supply" data-link-purpose-append-open="Failure causes and solutions of relay protection switching power supply">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012039/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Failure causes and solutions of relay protection switching power supply</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012039/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Failure causes and solutions of relay protection switching power supply</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>Relay protection device plays a key role in the stable operation of power grid, and the failure of switching power supply is the main reason for the unstable operation of relay protection device. This paper studies the failure causes of relay protection switching power supply, and concludes that electrolytic capacitor is the key component leading to the failure of power plug-in. At the same time, the failure mechanism and life influencing factors of aluminum electrolytic capacitor are deeply studied, and the improvement measures are put forward. According to the research results of this paper, the switching power supply has the characteristics of high reliability and long life.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012039">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012039</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> <!--issue toc article element start--> <div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">012040</div> <div class="eyebrow"> <!-- Start Collection Labels --> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following article is </span> <span class="red-text wd-jnl-art-collection-label">Open access</span> <!-- End Collection Labels --> </div> <div class="art-list-item-title-wrapper"> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012040" class="art-list-item-title"> Research on Foldable Elevator Manual Turning Device </a> </div> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Shuangchang Feng</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Jie Chen</span></span>, <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Yanchun Liang</span></span> and <span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Xiaoqing Chang</span></span></p> <!-- Start Focus issue title --> <!-- End focus issue title --> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--left fa-icon--flip" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--caret-down--><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"/></svg><span class="reveal-trigger-label" data-reveal-label-alt="Close abstract" data-reveal-text="Open abstract" data-link-purpose-append="Research on Foldable Elevator Manual Turning Device" data-link-purpose-append-open="Research on Foldable Elevator Manual Turning Device">Open abstract</span> </button> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012040/meta" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-article"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Foldable Elevator Manual Turning Device</span> </a> <a href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012040/pdf" class="mr-2 nowrap"> <span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Research on Foldable Elevator Manual Turning Device</span> </a> </div> <div class="reveal-content"> <div class="article-text view-text-small"> <div class="article-text wd-jnl-art-abstract cf" itemprop="description"> <p>In the elevator main engine room, turning gear is one of the indispensable safety devices. The elevator turning gear is used to drive the main engine to rotate when the elevator is closed, and then stop the car at the corresponding position for rescue. The elevator turning mainly includes a disc and a drive shaft, wherein the drive shaft is provided with a gear, which is used to cooperate with the gear on the traction wheel of the main engine to drive the elevator traction wheel to rotate. The turning gear needs to be suspended when not in use. Because the disc is perpendicular to the drive shaft, when the drive shaft is normally installed on the disc, the drive shaft is horizontal, which will affect the space in the main engine room. Of course, there is also a separate design between the drive shaft and the disc. When the drive shaft needs to be installed on the disc through tools, the installation process is more troublesome. In order to solve the above technical problems, this paper studies a foldable manual turning of elevator, which saves space and is easy to install.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a class="mr-2" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012040">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012040</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--issue toc article element end--> </div> </form> <!-- End Issue Toc Element Listing --> </div> <!-- End issue page --> </div> </main> <div class="db2 tb2"> <div class="side-and-below"> <!-- Start Journal links --> <div class="sidebar-list" id="wd-jnl-links"> <h2 class="sidebar-list__heading">Journal links</h2> <ul class="sidebar-list__list"><li><a href="/1742-6596">Journal home</a></li> <li><a href="/1742-6596/page/scope">Journal Scope</a></li> <li><a href="http://conferenceseries.iop.org/content/organizers"target="_blank">Information for organizers</a></li> <li><a href="http://conferenceseries.iop.org/content/authors"target="_blank">Information for authors</a></li> <li><a href="https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org/questions/conferences-contact-us/"target="_blank">Contact us</a></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.proceedings.com/2156.html"target="_blank">Reprint services from Curran Associates</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- End Journal links --> <!-- Google adverts start --> <!-- Start of google banners on right hand side. --> <aside role="complementary" aria-label="Right sidebar adverts"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1669279847892-0' style='min-width: 160px; min-height: 250px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1669279847892-0'); }); </script> </div> </aside> <!-- End of google banners on right hand side. --> <!-- Google adverts end --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- End two column layout --> </div> <div data-scroll-header="" class="data-header-anchor" id="exp"></div> <!-- Footer starts --> <footer class="footer content-grid__full-width" data-footer-content role="contentinfo"> <nav aria-label="Further resources" class="footer__grid"> <div> <h2 class="footer__heading">IOPscience</h2> <ul class="footer__list"> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="/journalList">Journals</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="/booklistinfo/home">Books</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="/conference-series">IOP Conference Series</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="/page/aboutiopscience">About IOPscience</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="https://ioppublishing.org/about-us/contact-us/">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="/info/page/developing-countries-access">Developing countries access</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org/open_access/">IOP Publishing open access policy</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="/page/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2 class="footer__heading">IOP Publishing</h2> <ul class="footer__list"> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="https://ioppublishing.org/legal/copyright/">Copyright 2024 IOP Publishing</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="/page/terms">Terms and Conditions</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="/page/disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="https://ioppublishing.org/legal/privacy-cookies-policy/">Privacy and Cookie Policy</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="https://ioppublishing.org/legal/textanddataminingpolicy/">Text and Data mining policy</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2 class="footer__heading">Publishing Support</h2> <ul class="footer__list"> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org/">Authors</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org/publishing-support/reviewers/">Reviewers</a> </li> <li class="footer__item"> <a class="link--colour--white" href="https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org/publishing-support/organisers/">Conference Organisers</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <!-- end nav --> <div class="footer__notice"> <div class="footer__notice-inner"> <div class="footer__notice-text"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="footer__cookie fa-icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <!--! Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M257.5 27.6c-.8-5.4-4.9-9.8-10.3-10.6c-22.1-3.1-44.6 .9-64.4 11.4l-74 39.5C89.1 78.4 73.2 94.9 63.4 115L26.7 190.6c-9.8 20.1-13 42.9-9.1 64.9l14.5 82.8c3.9 22.1 14.6 42.3 30.7 57.9l60.3 58.4c16.1 15.6 36.6 25.6 58.7 28.7l83 11.7c22.1 3.1 44.6-.9 64.4-11.4l74-39.5c19.7-10.5 35.6-27 45.4-47.2l36.7-75.5c9.8-20.1 13-42.9 9.1-64.9c-.9-5.3-5.3-9.3-10.6-10.1c-51.5-8.2-92.8-47.1-104.5-97.4c-1.8-7.6-8-13.4-15.7-14.6c-54.6-8.7-97.7-52-106.2-106.8zM208 144a32 32 0 1 1 0 64 32 32 0 1 1 0-64zM144 336a32 32 0 1 1 64 0 32 32 0 1 1 -64 0zm224-64a32 32 0 1 1 0 64 32 32 0 1 1 0-64z"/> </svg> <span><strong>This site uses cookies</strong>. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies.</span></div> <div class="footer__socials"> <div class="footer__social-icons"> <a class="link--colour--white replicate-hover" href="https://twitter.com/ioppublishing?lang=en"> <span class="sr-only">IOP Publishing Twitter page</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--xlrg" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <!--! Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/> </svg> </a> <a class="link--colour--white replicate-hover" href="https://www.facebook.com/ioppublishing/"> <span class="sr-only">IOP Publishing Facebook page</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--xlrg" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <!--! Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256c0 123.78 90.69 226.38 209.25 245V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.28c-30.8 0-40.41 19.12-40.41 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V501C413.31 482.38 504 379.78 504 256z"/> </svg> </a> <a class="link--colour--white replicate-hover" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/iop-publishing"> <span class="sr-only">IOP Publishing LinkedIn page</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--xlrg" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 448 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <!--! Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z"/> </svg> </a> <a class="link--colour--white replicate-hover" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6sGrQTcmY8NpmfGEfRqRrg"> <span class="sr-only">IOP Publishing Youtube page</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--xlrg" focusable="false" viewBox="0 60 576 395" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <!--! Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z"/> </svg> </a> <a class="link--colour--white replicate-hover" href="https://ioppublishing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WeChat-QR-Code.png"> <span class="sr-only">IOP Publishing WeChat QR code</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--xlrg" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 576 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <!--! Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M385.2 167.6c6.4 0 12.6.3 18.8 1.1C387.4 90.3 303.3 32 207.7 32 100.5 32 13 104.8 13 197.4c0 53.4 29.3 97.5 77.9 131.6l-19.3 58.6 68-34.1c24.4 4.8 43.8 9.7 68.2 9.7 6.2 0 12.1-.3 18.3-.8-4-12.9-6.2-26.6-6.2-40.8-.1-84.9 72.9-154 165.3-154zm-104.5-52.9c14.5 0 24.2 9.7 24.2 24.4 0 14.5-9.7 24.2-24.2 24.2-14.8 0-29.3-9.7-29.3-24.2.1-14.7 14.6-24.4 29.3-24.4zm-136.4 48.6c-14.5 0-29.3-9.7-29.3-24.2 0-14.8 14.8-24.4 29.3-24.4 14.8 0 24.4 9.7 24.4 24.4 0 14.6-9.6 24.2-24.4 24.2zM563 319.4c0-77.9-77.9-141.3-165.4-141.3-92.7 0-165.4 63.4-165.4 141.3S305 460.7 397.6 460.7c19.3 0 38.9-5.1 58.6-9.9l53.4 29.3-14.8-48.6C534 402.1 563 363.2 563 319.4zm-219.1-24.5c-9.7 0-19.3-9.7-19.3-19.6 0-9.7 9.7-19.3 19.3-19.3 14.8 0 24.4 9.7 24.4 19.3 0 10-9.7 19.6-24.4 19.6zm107.1 0c-9.7 0-19.3-9.7-19.3-19.6 0-9.7 9.7-19.3 19.3-19.3 14.5 0 24.4 9.7 24.4 19.3.1 10-9.9 19.6-24.4 19.6z"/> </svg> </a> <a class="link--colour--white replicate-hover" href="https://www.weibo.com/u/2931886367"> <span class="sr-only">IOP Publishing Weibo page</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fa-icon fa-icon--xlrg" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <!--! Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M407 177.6c7.6-24-13.4-46.8-37.4-41.7-22 4.8-28.8-28.1-7.1-32.8 50.1-10.9 92.3 37.1 76.5 84.8-6.8 21.2-38.8 10.8-32-10.3zM214.8 446.7C108.5 446.7 0 395.3 0 310.4c0-44.3 28-95.4 76.3-143.7C176 67 279.5 65.8 249.9 161c-4 13.1 12.3 5.7 12.3 6 79.5-33.6 140.5-16.8 114 51.4-3.7 9.4 1.1 10.9 8.3 13.1 135.7 42.3 34.8 215.2-169.7 215.2zm143.7-146.3c-5.4-55.7-78.5-94-163.4-85.7-84.8 8.6-148.8 60.3-143.4 116s78.5 94 163.4 85.7c84.8-8.6 148.8-60.3 143.4-116zM347.9 35.1c-25.9 5.6-16.8 43.7 8.3 38.3 72.3-15.2 134.8 52.8 111.7 124-7.4 24.2 29.1 37 37.4 12 31.9-99.8-55.1-195.9-157.4-174.3zm-78.5 311c-17.1 38.8-66.8 60-109.1 46.3-40.8-13.1-58-53.4-40.3-89.7 17.7-35.4 63.1-55.4 103.4-45.1 42 10.8 63.1 50.2 46 88.5zm-86.3-30c-12.9-5.4-30 .3-38 12.9-8.3 12.9-4.3 28 8.6 34 13.1 6 30.8.3 39.1-12.9 8-13.1 3.7-28.3-9.7-34zm32.6-13.4c-5.1-1.7-11.4.6-14.3 5.4-2.9 5.1-1.4 10.6 3.7 12.9 5.1 2 11.7-.3 14.6-5.4 2.8-5.2 1.1-10.9-4-12.9z"/> </svg> </a> </div> <a href="https://ioppublishing.org/"> <img alt="IOP Publishing" class="footer__social-logo" src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/> </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <!-- Footer ends --> </div> <script> let imgBase = "https://static.iopscience.com/3.72.3/img"; let scriptBase = "https://static.iopscience.com/3.72.3/js"; /* Cutting the mustard - http://responsivenews.co.uk/post/18948466399/cutting-the-mustard */ /* This is the original if statement, from the link above. I have amended it to turn of JS on all IE browsers less than 10. This is due to a function in the iop.jquery.toolbar.js line 35/36. Uses .remove which is not native js supported in IE9 or lower */ /* if('querySelector' in document && 'localStorage' in window && 'addEventListener' in window) { */ /* This is the updated selector, taken from: https://justmarkup.com/log/2015/02/26/cut-the-mustard-revisited/ */ if('visibilityState' in document) { /*! loadJS: load a JS file asynchronously. [c]2014 @scottjehl, Filament Group, Inc. (Based on http://goo.gl/REQGQ by Paul Irish).. Licensed MIT */ function loadJS( src, cb ){ "use strict"; let ref = window.document.getElementsByTagName( "script" )[ 0 ]; let script = window.document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = src; script.async = true; ref.parentNode.insertBefore( script, ref ); if (cb && typeof(cb) === "function") { script.onload = cb; } return script; } } </script> <script>loadJS( scriptBase + "/scripts.min.js" );</script> </body> </html></html>