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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Piece value</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piece_value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queen_sacrifice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queen_sacrifice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Queen sacrifice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queen_sacrifice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Queen (chess)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dame_(skaak)" title="Dame (skaak) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dame (skaak)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC)" title="وزير (شطرنج) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وزير (شطرنج)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99zir_(%C5%9Fahmat)" title="Vəzir (şahmat) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vəzir (şahmat)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_(%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE)" title="মন্ত্রী (দাবা) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মন্ত্রী (দাবা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94ng-hi%C5%8D_(kok-ch%C3%A8_chhi%C5%AB%E2%81%BF-k%C3%AE)" title="Ông-hiō (kok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ông-hiō (kok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Ферзь – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ферзь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%80_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B)" title="Візыр (шахматы) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Візыр (шахматы)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Дама (шахмат) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дама (шахмат)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dama_(%C5%A1ah)" title="Dama (šah) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dama (šah)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dama_(escacs)" title="Dama (escacs) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dama (escacs)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ma_(%C5%A1achy)" title="Dáma (šachy) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dáma (šachy)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenhines_(gwyddbwyll)" title="Brenhines (gwyddbwyll) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brenhines (gwyddbwyll)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dronning_(skak)" title="Dronning (skak) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dronning (skak)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dame_(Schach)" title="Dame (Schach) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dame (Schach)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipp_(male)" title="Lipp (male) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lipp (male)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_(%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9)" title="Βασίλισσα (σκάκι) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλισσα (σκάκι)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dama_(ajedrez)" title="Dama (ajedrez) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dama (ajedrez)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damo_(%C5%9Dako)" title="Damo (ŝako) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Damo (ŝako)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dama_(xakea)" title="Dama (xakea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dama (xakea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_(%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC)" title="وزیر (شطرنج) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وزیر (شطرنج)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%BAgv_(talv)" title="Frúgv (talv) – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Frúgv (talv)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dame_(%C3%A9checs)" title="Dame (échecs) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dame (échecs)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banr%C3%ADon_(ficheall)" title="Banríon (ficheall) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Banríon (ficheall)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dama_(xadrez)" title="Dama (xadrez) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dama (xadrez)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%80%B8_(%EC%B2%B4%EC%8A%A4)" title="퀸 (체스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퀸 (체스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%AB_(%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF)" title="Թագուհի (շախմատ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թագուհի (շախմատ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C)" title="वज़ीर (शतरंज) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वज़ीर (शतरंज)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljica_(%C5%A1ah)" title="Kraljica (šah) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kraljica (šah)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menteri_(catur)" title="Menteri (catur) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Menteri (catur)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dama_(chacos)" title="Dama (chacos) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dama (chacos)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_(scacchi)" title="Donna (scacchi) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Donna (scacchi)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%98)" title="מלכה (שחמט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלכה (שחמט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF_(%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97)" title="ರಾಣಿ (ಚದುರಂಗ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಣಿ (ಚದುರಂಗ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლაზიერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლაზიერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%B2%D9%86%D8%A0_(%D9%85%DB%84%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%95_%D9%BE%D9%94%D9%B9)" title="رٲنؠ (مۄہرٕ پٔٹ) – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رٲنؠ (مۄہرٕ پٔٹ)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D3%99%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%80_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Уәзір (шахмат) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уәзір (шахмат)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkia_(sataranji)" title="Malkia (sataranji) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Malkia (sataranji)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ealyar_(sedrenc)" title="Şalyar (sedrenc) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şalyar (sedrenc)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domina_(scacci)" title="Domina (scacci) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Domina (scacci)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%81ma_(%C5%A1ahs)" title="Dāma (šahs) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dāma (šahs)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damm_(Schach)" title="Damm (Schach) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Damm (Schach)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdov%C4%97" title="Valdovė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valdovė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vez%C3%A9r_(sakk)" title="Vezér (sakk) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vezér (sakk)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85)" title="Дама (шах) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дама (шах)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D)" title="മന്ത്രി (ചെസ്സ്) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മന്ത്രി (ചെസ്സ്)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B3)" title="वजीर (बुद्धिबळ) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वजीर (बुद्धिबळ)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98)" title="დიაფალი (ჭარდაკი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიაფალი (ჭარდაკი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menteri_(catur)" title="Menteri (catur) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Menteri (catur)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81" title="Бэрс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бэрс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dame_(schaken)" title="Dame (schaken) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dame (schaken)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3_(%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9)" title="クイーン (チェス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クイーン (チェス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dronning_(sjakk)" title="Dronning (sjakk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dronning (sjakk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjakkbrikka_dronning" title="Sjakkbrikka dronning – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sjakkbrikka dronning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farzin_(shaxmat)" title="Farzin (shaxmat) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Farzin (shaxmat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daam_(Schach)" title="Daam (Schach) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Daam (Schach)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetman_(szachy)" title="Hetman (szachy) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hetman (szachy)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dama_(xadrez)" title="Dama (xadrez) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dama (xadrez)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regin%C4%83_(%C8%99ah)" title="Regină (șah) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regină (șah)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Ферзь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ферзь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbret%C3%ABresha_(shah)" title="Mbretëresha (shah) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mbretëresha (shah)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AB_(%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A)" title="රැජිණ (චෙස්) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රැජිණ (චෙස්)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Queen (chess)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ma_(%C5%A1ach)" title="Dáma (šach) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dáma (šach)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dama_(%C5%A1ah)" title="Dama (šah) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dama (šah)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85)" title="Краљица (шах) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Краљица (шах)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljica_(%C5%A1ah)" title="Kraljica (šah) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kraljica (šah)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuningatar_(shakki)" title="Kuningatar (shakki) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuningatar (shakki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam_(schack)" title="Dam (schack) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dam (schack)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyna_(ahedres)" title="Reyna (ahedres) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Reyna (ahedres)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="அரசி (சதுரங்கம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரசி (சதுரங்கம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Вәзир (шахмат) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вәзир (шахмат)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81)" title="ควีน (หมากรุก) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ควีน (หมากรุก)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%B7)" title="Фарзин (шатранҷ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фарзин (шатранҷ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezir_(satran%C3%A7)" title="Vezir (satranç) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vezir (satranç)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Ферзь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ферзь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%81_(%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC)" title="ملکہ (شطرنج) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملکہ (شطرنج)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%ADu_(c%E1%BB%9D_vua)" title="Hậu (cờ vua) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hậu (cờ vua)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8E%EF%BC%88%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B%EF%BC%89" title="后（国际象棋） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="后（国际象棋）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8E_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B)" title="后 (國際象棋) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="后 (國際象棋)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8E_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B)" title="后 (國際象棋) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="后 (國際象棋)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set%C3%A8r" title="Setèr – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Setèr" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q139#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chess piece</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:225px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_piece_-_White_queen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Chess_piece_-_White_queen.jpg/131px-Chess_piece_-_White_queen.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Chess_piece_-_White_queen.jpg/197px-Chess_piece_-_White_queen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Chess_piece_-_White_queen.jpg/262px-Chess_piece_-_White_queen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1722" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">White queen</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:225px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_piece_-_Black_queen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Chess_piece_-_Black_queen.JPG/133px-Chess_piece_-_Black_queen.JPG" decoding="async" width="133" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Chess_piece_-_Black_queen.JPG/200px-Chess_piece_-_Black_queen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Chess_piece_-_Black_queen.JPG/266px-Chess_piece_-_Black_queen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1834" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Black queen</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <b>queen</b> (♕, ♛) is the most powerful <a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">piece</a> in the game of <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a>. It can move any number of squares vertically, horizontally or <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#diagonal" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § diagonal" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">diagonally</span></a></dfn>, combining the powers of the <a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">rook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishop</a>. Each player starts the game with one queen, placed in the middle of the first <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#rank" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § rank" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">rank</span></a></dfn> next to the <a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">king</a>. Because the queen is the strongest piece, a <a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawn</a> is <a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">promoted</a> to a queen in the vast majority of cases. </p><p>The predecessor to the queen is the <i><a href="/wiki/Ferz_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferz (chess)">ferz</a></i>, a weak piece only able to move or capture one step diagonally, originating from the Persian game of <a href="/wiki/Shatranj" title="Shatranj">shatranj</a>. The modern queen gained its power and its modern move in Spain in the 15th century. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141322084">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocleft{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocleft{float:left;clear:left;width:auto;margin:0 1em 0.5em 0}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .tocleft{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .tocleft-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .tocleft-clear-none{clear:none}}</style><div class="tocleft" style=""><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097430093">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .algebraic-notation-toc{float:left}}</style><div role="note" class="side-box metadata side-box-left algebraic-notation algebraic-notation-toc"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">algebraic notation</a> to describe chess moves.</div></div> </div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Placement_and_movement">Placement and movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Placement and movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The white queen starts on d1, while the black queen starts on d8. With the <a href="/wiki/Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a> oriented correctly, the white queen starts on a white square and the black queen starts on a black square—thus the <a href="/wiki/Mnemonic" title="Mnemonic">mnemonics</a> "queen gets her color", "queen on [her] [own] color", or "the dress [queen piece] matches the shoes [square]" (Latin: <i>servat rēgīna colōrem</i>). </p><p>The queen can be moved any number of unoccupied squares in a straight line vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, thus combining the moves of the <a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">rook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishop</a>. The queen captures by moving to the square on which an enemy piece stands. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto; float:left; clear:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d8 black queen"><img alt="d8 black queen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chess_qdt45.svg/26px-Chess_qdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chess_qdt45.svg/39px-Chess_qdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chess_qdt45.svg/52px-Chess_qdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d1 white queen"><img alt="d1 white queen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/26px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/39px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/52px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption">Initial placement of the queens – d1 and d8 </div></div></div> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d8 white circle"><img alt="d8 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h8 white circle"><img alt="h8 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a7 white circle"><img alt="a7 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d7 white circle"><img alt="d7 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g7 white circle"><img alt="g7 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b6 white circle"><img alt="b6 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d6 white circle"><img alt="d6 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f6 white circle"><img alt="f6 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c5 white circle"><img alt="c5 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d5 white circle"><img alt="d5 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e5 white circle"><img alt="e5 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a4 white circle"><img alt="a4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b4 white circle"><img alt="b4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c4 white circle"><img alt="c4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 white queen"><img alt="d4 white queen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/26px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/39px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/52px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e4 white circle"><img alt="e4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f4 white circle"><img alt="f4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g4 white circle"><img alt="g4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h4 white circle"><img alt="h4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c3 white circle"><img alt="c3 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d3 white circle"><img alt="d3 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e3 white circle"><img alt="e3 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b2 white circle"><img alt="b2 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d2 white circle"><img alt="d2 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f2 white circle"><img alt="f2 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a1 white circle"><img alt="a1 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d1 white circle"><img alt="d1 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g1 white circle"><img alt="g1 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption">Possible moves of the queen </div></div></div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <p>Although both players start with one queen each, a <a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawn</a> can be <a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">promoted</a> to any of several types of pieces, including a queen, when the pawn is moved to the player's furthest rank (the opponent's first rank). Such a queen created by promotion can be an additional queen or, if the player's queen has been captured, a replacement queen. The queen is by far the most common piece type a pawn is promoted to due to the relative power of a queen; promotion to a queen is colloquially called <i>queening</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Piece_value">Piece value</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Piece value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Chess piece relative value</a></div> <p>The queen is typically worth about nine <a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawns</a>, which is slightly stronger than a rook and a bishop together, but slightly weaker than two rooks, though there are exceptions. It is almost always disadvantageous to <a href="/wiki/Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">exchange</a> the queen for a single piece other than the enemy's queen. </p><p>The reason that the queen is stronger than a combination of a rook and bishop, even though they control the same number of squares, is twofold. First, the queen is more mobile than the rook and the bishop, as the entire power of the queen can be transferred to another location in one move, while transferring the entire firepower of a rook and bishop requires two moves, the bishop always being restricted to squares of one color. Second, unlike the bishop, the queen is not hampered by an inability to control squares of the opposite color to the square on which it stands. A factor in favor of the rook and bishop together is that they can attack (or defend) a square twice, while a queen can only do so once. However, experience has shown that this factor is usually less significant than the points favoring the queen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The queen is strongest when the board is open, the enemy king is poorly defended, or there are <i>loose</i> (i.e. undefended) pieces in the enemy camp. Because of its long range and ability to move in multiple directions, the queen is well-equipped to execute <a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">forks</a>. Compared to other long range pieces (i.e. rooks and bishops), the queen is less restricted and stronger in closed positions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategy">Strategy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A player should generally delay developing the queen, as developing it too quickly can expose it to attacks by enemy pieces, causing the player to lose time removing the queen from danger. Despite this, beginners often <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#develop" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § develop" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">develop</span></a></dfn> the queen early in the game, hoping to plunder the enemy position and deliver an early <a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">checkmate</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">scholar's mate</a>. </p><p>Early queen attacks are rare in high-level chess, but there are some openings with early queen development that are used by high-level players. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Defense" title="Scandinavian Defense">Scandinavian Defense</a> (1.e4 d5), which often features queen moves by Black on the second and third moves, is considered sound and has been played at the world championship level. Some less common examples have also been observed in high-level games. The <a href="/wiki/Danvers_Opening" title="Danvers Opening">Danvers Opening</a> (1.e4 e5 2.Qh5), which is widely characterized as a beginner's opening, has occasionally been played by the American <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">grandmaster</a> <a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Nakamura" title="Hikaru Nakamura">Hikaru Nakamura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A queen exchange often marks the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">endgame</a>, but there are <a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame#Queen_and_pawn_endings" title="Chess endgame">queen endgames</a>, and sometimes queens are exchanged in the opening, long before the endgame. A common goal in the endgame is to <a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">promote</a> a pawn to a queen. As the queen has the largest range and mobility, queen and king vs. lone king is an easy win when compared to some other <a href="/wiki/Checkmate#Basic_checkmates" title="Checkmate">basic mates</a>. Queen and king vs. rook and king is also a win for the player with the queen, but it is not easy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Queen_sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Queen sacrifice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Queen_sacrifice" title="Queen sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</a></div> <p>A <i>queen <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">sacrifice</a></i> is the deliberate sacrifice of a queen in order to gain a more favorable tactical position. One of the most widely known examples of this was in the game <a href="/wiki/Immortal_Game" title="Immortal Game">Anderssen–Kieseritzky, 1851</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Anderssen" title="Adolf Anderssen">Anderssen</a> sacrificed a queen (along with three other pieces) to reach <a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">checkmate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabinet_des_m%C3%A9dailles,_Paris_-_Ivory_Chess_Vizier,_12th_Century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cabinet_des_m%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris_-_Ivory_Chess_Vizier%2C_12th_Century.jpg/220px-Cabinet_des_m%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris_-_Ivory_Chess_Vizier%2C_12th_Century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cabinet_des_m%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris_-_Ivory_Chess_Vizier%2C_12th_Century.jpg/330px-Cabinet_des_m%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris_-_Ivory_Chess_Vizier%2C_12th_Century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cabinet_des_m%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris_-_Ivory_Chess_Vizier%2C_12th_Century.jpg/440px-Cabinet_des_m%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris_-_Ivory_Chess_Vizier%2C_12th_Century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="4576" /></a><figcaption>Vizier piece from a Southern Italian chess set, 12th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The queen was originally the <a href="/wiki/Advisor" class="mw-redirect" title="Advisor">counsellor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <i>mantri</i>, Persian <i>farzīn</i>, Arabic <i>firzān</i>, <i>firz</i> or <i>wazīr</i>). Initially, its only move was one square diagonally. Around 1300, its abilities were enhanced to allow it to jump two squares diagonally (onto a same-colored square) for its first move. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ferz_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferz (chess)"><i>fers</i></a> changed into the queen over time. The first surviving mention of this piece as a queen or similar is the Latin <span title="Medieval Latin-language text"><i lang="la">regina</i></span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Versus_de_scachis" title="Versus de scachis">Einsiedeln Poem</a></i>, a 98-line <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> poem written around 997 and preserved in a monastery at <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln" title="Einsiedeln">Einsiedeln</a> in Switzerland. Some surviving early medieval pieces depict the piece as a queen. The word <i>fers</i> became grammatically feminized in several languages, such as <i>alferza</i> in Spanish and <i>fierce</i> or <i>fierge</i> in French.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Carmina_Burana" title="Carmina Burana">Carmina Burana</a></i> also refer to the queen as <i>femina</i> (woman) and <i>coniunx</i> (spouse),<sup id="cite_ref-Yalom2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yalom2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the name <i><a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazon</a></i> has sometimes been seen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the great chess reform at the end of the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> nations kept using an equivalent of Latin <i>domina</i> ("lady"), such as <i>dama</i> in Spanish, <i>donna</i> in Italy, and <i>dame</i> in France, all of which evoke "<a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Our Lady</a>". However, <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> nations such as Germany and England refused any derivatives of <i>domina</i> as it might have suggested some cult of the Virgin Mary and instead opted for secular terms such as <i>Königin</i> in German and "queen" in English.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Russian, the piece keeps its <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> name of <i>ferz</i>; <i>koroleva</i> (queen) is colloquial and is never used by professional chess players. However, the names <i>korolevna</i> (king's daughter), <i>tsaritsa</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a>'s wife), and <i>baba</i> (old woman) are attested as early as 1694.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Arabic countries, the queen remains termed and, in some cases, depicted as a <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Yalom" title="Marilyn Yalom">Marilyn Yalom</a> proposes several factors that might have been partly responsible for influencing the piece towards its identity as a queen and its power in modern chess: the prominence of medieval queens such as <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile" title="Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a>, and more particularly <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a>; the cult of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Yalom2004_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yalom2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the power ascribed to women in the <a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadour</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">courtly love</a>; and the medieval popularity of chess as a game particularly suitable for women to play on equal terms with men.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She points to medieval poetry depicting the Virgin as the chess-queen of God or <i>Fierce Dieu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significantly, the earliest surviving treatise to describe the modern movement of the queen (as well as the bishop and pawn), <i>Repetición de amores e arte de axedres con CL iuegos de partido</i> (<i>Discourses on Love and the Art of Chess with 150 Problems</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Luis_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_Lucena" title="Luis Ramírez de Lucena">Luis Ramírez de Lucena</a>, was published during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even before that, the <a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a> poem <i><a href="/wiki/Scachs_d%27amor" title="Scachs d'amor">Scachs d'amor</a></i> ("Chess of Love") depicted a chess game between <a href="/wiki/Francesc_de_Castellv%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesc de Castellví">Francesc de Castellví</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narc%C3%ADs_de_Vinyoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcís de Vinyoles">Narcís de Vinyoles</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and commented on by <a href="/wiki/Bernat_Fenollar" title="Bernat Fenollar">Bernat Fenollar</a>, which clearly had the modern moves of the queen and the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishop</a>. Well before the queen's powers expanded, it was already being romantically described as essential to the king's survival, so that when the queen was lost, there was nothing more of value on the board.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_-_Chess_Piece_of_a_Queen_-_Walters_71145_-_Three_Quarter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Spanish_-_Chess_Piece_of_a_Queen_-_Walters_71145_-_Three_Quarter.jpg/220px-Spanish_-_Chess_Piece_of_a_Queen_-_Walters_71145_-_Three_Quarter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Spanish_-_Chess_Piece_of_a_Queen_-_Walters_71145_-_Three_Quarter.jpg/330px-Spanish_-_Chess_Piece_of_a_Queen_-_Walters_71145_-_Three_Quarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Spanish_-_Chess_Piece_of_a_Queen_-_Walters_71145_-_Three_Quarter.jpg/440px-Spanish_-_Chess_Piece_of_a_Queen_-_Walters_71145_-_Three_Quarter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>Queen from Spain, 12th century (walrus tusk)</figcaption></figure> <p>Marilyn Yalom wrote that: </p> <ul><li>The chess queen, rather than ferz or similar, is known of in what is now Spain and Portugal only from the 12th century, but started sooner elsewhere.</li> <li>The modern move of the Queen started in Spain during Isabella I's reign, perhaps inspired by her great political power, and spread from there, perhaps being spread by the <a href="/wiki/Printing#In_Europe" title="Printing">invention of printing</a> and the 1492 <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of the Jews">Expulsion from Spain of the Jews</a> who carried the new chess rule with them as they fled.</li></ul> <p>During the 15th century, the queen's move took its modern form as a combination of the move of the <a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">rook</a> and the current move of the bishop.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting from Spain, this new version – called "queen's chess" (in Italian, <i>scacchi della donna</i>) or, pejoratively, "madwoman's chess" (<i>scacchi alla rabiosa</i>) – spread throughout Europe rapidly, partly due to the advent of the printing press and the popularity of new books on chess.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new rules faced a backlash in some quarters, ranging from anxiety over a powerful female warrior figure to frank abuse against women in general.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At various times, the ability of pawns to be queened was restricted while the original queen was still on the board, so as not to cause scandal by providing the king with more than one queen. An early 12th-century Latin poem refers to a queened pawn as a <i>ferzia</i>, as opposed to the original queen or <i>regina</i>, to account for this.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the queen was attacked, it was customary to warn the opponent by announcing "<i>gardez la reine</i>" or simply "<i>gardez</i>", similar to the announcement of "check". Some published rules even required this announcement before the queen could be legally captured. This custom was largely abandoned in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Russia, for a long time, the queen could also move like a knight; some players disapproved of this ability to "gallop like the horse" (knight).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book <i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Chess" title="A History of Chess">A History of Chess</a></i> by H.J.R. Murray,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> says that <a href="/wiki/William_Coxe_(historian)" title="William Coxe (historian)">William Coxe</a>, who was in Russia in 1772, saw chess played with the queen also moving like a knight. Such an augmented queen piece is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">fairy chess piece</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(chess)" title="Amazon (chess)">amazon</a></i>. </p><p>Around 1230, the queen was also independently invented as a piece in Japan, where it formed part of the game of <a href="/wiki/Dai_shogi" title="Dai shogi">dai shogi</a>. The piece was retained in the smaller and more popular <a href="/wiki/Chu_shogi" title="Chu shogi">chu shogi</a>, but does not form a part of modern <a href="/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi">shogi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In most languages the piece is known as "queen" or "lady" (e.g. Italian <i>regina</i> or Spanish <i>dama</i>). Asian and Eastern European languages tend to refer to it as <i><a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a></i>, minister or advisor (e.g. Arabic/Persian وزیر <i>wazir</i> (vazir), Russian/Persian ферзь/فرز <i>ferz</i>). In Polish it is known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">hetman</a></i>, the name of a major historical military-political office, while in <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> it is called <i>lipp</i> ("flag", "<a href="/wiki/Military_colours,_standards_and_guidons" title="Military colours, standards and guidons">standard</a>"). </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: auto auto; text-align:center"> <caption>Overview of chess piece names </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </th> <th scope="col"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Queen</a> </th> <th scope="col">Translation </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> <span title="Afrikaans-language text"><span lang="af" style="font-style: normal;">Dame</span></span></td> <td><i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> Dama / Mbretëresha</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> </th> <td><b>و</b> وزير (wazïr)</td> <td><i>vizier</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan language">Azerbaijani</a> </th> <td><b>V</b> <a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99zir_(%C5%9Fahmat)" class="extiw" title="az:Vəzir (şahmat)">Vəzir</a></td> <td><i>vizier</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> </th> <td><b>Թ</b> Թագուհի (T῾agowhi)</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> Dama</td> <td><i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tara%C5%A1kievica" title="Taraškievica">Taraškievica</a>) </th> <td><b>Вз</b> візыр</td> <td><i>vizier</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> </th> <td><b>M</b> মন্ত্রী (montri)</td> <td><i>Minister</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> </th> <td><b>Д</b> дама / царица</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>tsaritsa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dama / reina</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </th> <td><b>Q</b> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">后</span></span> (hòu)</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dáma</td> <td><i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dronning</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dame / koningin</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </th> <td><b>Q</b> queen</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> damo</td> <td><i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><b>L</b> lipp</td> <td><i>flag</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> daami / kuningatar</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dame</td> <td><i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dama / raíña</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> </th> <td><b>ლ</b> ლაზიერი (lazieri)</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><b>D</b> Dame</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </th> <td><b>Β</b> βασίλισσα (vasílissa)</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> </th> <td><b>V</b> वज़ीर / रानी (vazīr / rānī)</td> <td><i>vizier</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> </th> <td><b>מה</b> מלכה (Malka)</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a> </th> <td><b>Q</b> sarauniya</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> </th> <td><b>V</b> vezér / királynő</td> <td><i>leader</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> drottning</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> damo</td> <td><i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> </th> <td><b>M</b> menteri</td> <td><i>minister</i> / <i>vizier</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a> </th> <td><b>C</b> carica / dama</td> <td><i>empress / lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> </th> <td><b>B</b> <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;">banríon</span></span></td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> donna / regina</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> </th> <td><b>Q</b> クイーン (kuīn)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> </th> <td><b>Q</b> ratu / perdhana mentri</td> <td><i>queen</i> / <i>prime minister</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> </th> <td><b>ಮ</b> ಮಂತ್ರಿ (mantri)</td> <td><i>minister</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> </th> <td><b>У</b> уәзір (uäzır)</td> <td><i>vizier</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> </th> <td><b>Q</b> 퀸 (kwin)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> </th> <td><b>M</b> regina</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dāma</td> <td><i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> </th> <td><b>V</b> valdovė</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a> </th> <td><b>Ni</b> noltruni'u</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> Damm</td> <td><i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> кралица / дама</td> <td><i>queen</i> / <i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> </th> <td><b>Q</b> മന്ത്രി (manthri)</td> <td><i>minister</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> </th> <td><b>V</b> वजीर (vajīr)</td> <td><i>vizier</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> </th> <td><b>Б</b> бэрс (fers)</td> <td><i>vizier</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Norwegian Bokmål</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dronning</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Norwegian Nynorsk</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dronning</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> </th> <td><b>Q</b> ରାଣୀ (raṇi)</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </th> <td><b>و</b> وزیر</td> <td><i>vizier</i> / <i>minister</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> </th> <td><b>H</b> <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">hetman</a> / królowa</td> <td><i>general (hist.)</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dama / rainha</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> damă / regină</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </th> <td><b>Ф</b> ферзь / королева (ferz' / koroleva)</td> <td><i>vizier</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a> </th> <td><b>B</b> bànrigh</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> kraljica / dama (<b>Д</b> краљицa / дама)</td> <td><i>queen</i> / <i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Northern Sotho</a> </th> <td><b>Kg</b> Kgošigadi</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> riggina</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dáma</td> <td><i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dama</td> <td><i>lady</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dama / reina</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> </th> <td><b>D</b> dam / drottning</td> <td><i>lady</i> / <i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> </th> <td><b>Q</b> அரசி (araci)</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> </th> <td>మంత్రి (maṃtri)</td> <td><i>minister</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> </th> <td><b>ต</b> เม็ด / ตรี / มนตรี (met / tri / montri)</td> <td><i>counselor</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </th> <td><b>V</b> vezir</td> <td><i>vizier</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </th> <td><b>Ф</b> ферзь (ferz)</td> <td><i>vizier</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> </th> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">وزیر</span></span> (vazīr)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> </th> <td><b>H</b> hậu</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> </th> <td><b>B</b> brenhines</td> <td><i>queen</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">Chess symbols in Unicode</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> defines three codepoints for a queen: </p><p><span style="font-size:190%;">♕</span> U+2655 White Chess Queen </p><p><span style="font-size:190%;">♛</span> U+265B Black Chess Queen </p><p><span style="font-size:190%;">🨁</span> U+1FA01 Neutral Chess Queen </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight_queens_puzzle" title="Eight queens puzzle">Eight queens puzzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_pawn_endgame" title="Queen versus pawn endgame">Queen versus pawn endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_graph" title="Queen's graph">Queen's graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_(chess)" title="Empress (chess)">Empress</a>—the rook+knight compound</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_(chess)" title="Princess (chess)">Princess</a>—the bishop+knight compound</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(chess)" title="Amazon (chess)">Amazon</a>—the rook+bishop+knight compound</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLarsen1975" class="citation cs2">Larsen, Bent (1975), <i>Lærebok i sjakk</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%C3%A6rebok+i+sjakk&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=Bent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessninja.com/dailydirt/2005/04/nakamuras-2qh5.htm">"Nakamura's 2.Qh5"</a>. ChessNinja.com. 22 April 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakamura%27s+2.Qh5&rft.pub=ChessNinja.com&rft.date=2005-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessninja.com%2Fdailydirt%2F2005%2F04%2Fnakamuras-2qh5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:95)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yalom2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yalom2004_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yalom2004_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:77)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:218)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:106)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:175)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:238)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:<i>passim</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:112–114)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:195)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1259987">"Francesco di Castellvi vs. Narciso Vinyoles, Valencia 1475"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chessgames.com" title="Chessgames.com">Chessgames.com</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chessgames.com&rft.atitle=Francesco+di+Castellvi+vs.+Narciso+Vinyoles%2C+Valencia+1475&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessgames.com%2Fperl%2Fchessgame%3Fgid%3D1259987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:192)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFDavidson1981">Davidson 1981</a>:13–14, 28–30)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:214–216)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:214–219)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFYalom2004">Yalom 2004</a>:91)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hooper & Whyld (1996), p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111095017/http://vidahl.agava.ru/P240.HTM">"В. Даль Ф-ФЮЛА"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vidahl.agava.ru/P240.HTM#41651">the original</a> on 11 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92.+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%A4-%D0%A4%D0%AE%D0%9B%D0%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvidahl.agava.ru%2FP240.HTM%2341651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span> (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.classes.ru/all-russian/russian-dictionary-Dal-term-41516.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920190452/http://classes.ru/all-russian/russian-dictionary-Dal-term-41516.htm">Archived</a> 20 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.9538/page/n387/mode/2up?view=theater">p. 384</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Estonian chess terms were coined by <a href="/wiki/Ado_Grenzstein" title="Ado Grenzstein">Ado Grenzstein</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fide.com/fide/handbook.html?id=33&view=category">"Handbook"</a>. <i>www.fide.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2019</span>. <q>The pieces bear the names: Koenig, Dame, Turm, Laeufer, Springer, Bauer</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fide.com&rft.atitle=Handbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fide.com%2Ffide%2Fhandbook.html%3Fid%3D33%26view%3Dcategory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarden,_Leonard1980" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Barden" title="Leonard Barden">Barden, Leonard</a> (1980), <i>Play better CHESS with Leonard Barden</i>, Octopus Books Limited, p. 10, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7064-0967-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7064-0967-1"><bdi>0-7064-0967-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Play+better+CHESS+with+Leonard+Barden&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Octopus+Books+Limited&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-7064-0967-1&rft.au=Barden%2C+Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrace,_Edward_R.1977" class="citation cs2">Brace, Edward R. (1977), <i>An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess</i>, Hamlyn Publishing Group, pp. 230–31, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55521-394-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55521-394-4"><bdi>1-55521-394-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Illustrated+Dictionary+of+Chess&rft.pages=230-31&rft.pub=Hamlyn+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=1-55521-394-4&rft.au=Brace%2C+Edward+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1981" class="citation cs2">Davidson, Henry (1981), <i>A Short History of Chess (1949)</i>, McKay, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-14550-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-14550-8"><bdi>0-679-14550-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Chess+%281949%29&rft.pub=McKay&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-679-14550-8&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Dickins" class="citation cs2">Dickins, Anthony (1971), <i>A guide to fairy chess</i> (first ed.), New York: Doven, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-22687-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-22687-5"><bdi>0-486-22687-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+guide+to+fairy+chess&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Doven&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-486-22687-5&rft.aulast=Dickins&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolombek1977" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Golombek" title="Harry Golombek">Golombek, Harry</a> (1977), <i>Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess</i>, Crown Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-53146-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-53146-1"><bdi>0-517-53146-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Golombek%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Chess&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-517-53146-1&rft.aulast=Golombek&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooperWhyld1996" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_Vincent_Hooper" title="David Vincent Hooper">Hooper, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Whyld" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Whyld">Whyld, Kenneth</a> (1996) [First pub. 1992], "queen", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess">The Oxford Companion to Chess</a></i> (2nd ed.), <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, pp. 328–29, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3"><bdi>0-19-280049-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=queen&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Chess&rft.pages=328-29&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-280049-3&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Whyld%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunnucks1970" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sunnucks" title="Anne Sunnucks">Sunnucks, Anne</a> (1970), <i>The Encyclopaedia of Chess</i> (second ed.), St. Martins Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7091-4697-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7091-4697-1"><bdi>978-0-7091-4697-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Chess&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=St.+Martins+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-7091-4697-1&rft.aulast=Sunnucks&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYalom2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Yalom" title="Marilyn Yalom">Yalom, Marilyn</a> (2004), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birthofchessquee00mari"><i>Birth of the Chess Queen: A History</i></a></span> (2nd ed.), Perennial, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-009065-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-009065-0"><bdi>0-06-009065-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Birth+of+the+Chess+Queen%3A+A+History&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Perennial&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-06-009065-0&rft.aulast=Yalom&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbirthofchessquee00mari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_(chess)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chess_queens" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chess queens">Chess queens</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessvideos.tv/endgame-training/king-and-queen-checkmate.php">Queen and King vs King Endgame Practice</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessvariants.org/piececlopedia.dir/queen.html">Piececlopedia: Queen</a> by Fergus Duniho and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bodlaender" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Bodlaender">Hans Bodlaender</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chess_Variant_Pages" title="The Chess Variant Pages">The Chess Variant Pages</a></i></li></ul> 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chess_pieces" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chess_piece" title="Template:Chess piece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chess_piece" title="Template talk:Chess piece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chess_piece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chess piece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chess_pieces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orthodox pieces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">Rook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy pieces</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_fairy_chess_pieces" title="List of fairy chess pieces">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfil" title="Alfil">Alfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(chess)" title="Amazon (chess)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berolina_pawn" title="Berolina pawn">Berolina pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_(chess)" title="Camel (chess)">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabbaba_(chess)" title="Dabbaba (chess)">Dabbaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_(chess)" title="Empress (chess)">Empress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferz" title="Ferz">Ferz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giraffe_(chess)" title="Giraffe (chess)">Giraffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_(chess)" title="Grasshopper (chess)">Grasshopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mann_(chess)" title="Mann (chess)">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightrider_(chess)" title="Nightrider (chess)">Nightrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_(chess)" title="Princess (chess)">Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_(chess)" title="Wazir (chess)">Wazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_(chess)" title="Zebra (chess)">Zebra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_set" title="Chess set">Chess set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippogonal" title="Hippogonal">Hippogonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece point values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chess" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chess" title="Template:Chess"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chess" title="Template talk:Chess"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chess" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chess"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chess" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_chess" title="Outline of chess">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_theory" title="Chess theory">Chess theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_title" title="Chess title">Chess titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_chess" title="Computer chess">Computer chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_computer_chess_terms" title="Glossary of computer chess terms">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_chess_matches" title="Human–computer chess matches">matches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_software" title="List of chess software">software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">Correspondence chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chess" title="Online chess">Online chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premove" title="Premove">Premove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_chess_server" title="Internet chess server">Internet chess server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_chess_servers" title="List of Internet chess servers">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_rating_system" title="Chess rating system">Rating system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_world_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDE world rankings">world rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_(chess)" title="Norm (chess)">norms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Variants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_chess" title="List of world records in chess">World records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_equipment" title="Chess equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_set" title="Chess set">Chess set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_chess_set" title="Dubrovnik chess set">Dubrovnik chess set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_clock" title="Chess clock">Chess clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_table" title="Chess table">Chess table</a></li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#score_sheets" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § Score sheets" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Score sheets</span></a></dfn></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chess" title="Timeline of chess">Timeline</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Versus_de_scachis" title="Versus de scachis">Versus de scachis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_manuscript" title="Göttingen manuscript">Göttingen manuscript</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_chessmen" title="Charlemagne chessmen">Charlemagne chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Romantic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(chess)" title="Hypermodernism (chess)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_chess_school" title="Soviet chess school">Soviet chess school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Top player comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_chess" title="Geography of chess">Geography of chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Africa" title="Chess in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_South_Africa" title="Chess in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_China" title="Chess in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Europe" title="Chess in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Armenia" title="Chess in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Spain" title="Chess in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_India" title="Chess in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_games" title="List of chess games">Notable games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players" title="List of chess players">List of chess players</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amateur_chess_players" title="List of amateur chess players">amateurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_chess_players" title="List of female chess players">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">grandmasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_chess" title="Women in chess">Women in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_museums" title="Category:Chess museums">Chess museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer_Center" title="Bobby Fischer Center">Bobby Fischer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kyay_Association_Chess_Museum" title="Gökyay Association Chess Museum">Gökyay Association Chess Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Chess Hall of Fame">World Chess Hall of Fame</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">Rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">Castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_chess" title="Cheating in chess">Cheating in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">Draw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">by agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">Fifty-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">Perpetual check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">Stalemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_repetition" title="Threefold repetition">Threefold repetition</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/En_passant" title="En passant">En passant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">Pawn promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_control" title="Time control">Time control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_chess" title="Fast chess">Fast chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch-move_rule" title="Touch-move rule">Touch-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Black_in_chess" title="White and Black in chess">White and Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">Blunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_notation" title="Chess notation">Chess notation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">algebraic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_notation" title="Descriptive notation">descriptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Game_Notation" title="Portable Game Notation">PGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_annotation_symbols" title="Chess annotation symbols">annotation symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">symbols in Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianchetto" title="Fianchetto">Fianchetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_square" title="Key square">Key square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_walk" title="King walk">King walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_file" title="Open file">Open file</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-open_file" title="Half-open file">Half-open file</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(chess)" title="Outpost (chess)">Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_pawn" title="Backward pawn">backward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_pawns" title="Connected pawns">connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubled_pawns" title="Doubled pawns">doubled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">isolated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_pawn" title="Passed pawn">passed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindle_(chess)" title="Swindle (chess)">Swindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(chess)" title="Tempo (chess)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_(chess)" title="Transposition (chess)">Transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_traps" title="List of chess traps">Trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tactic" title="Chess tactic">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling#Artificial_castling" title="Castling">Artificial castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(chess)" title="Battery (chess)">Battery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_gun" title="Alekhine's gun">Alekhine's gun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(chess)" title="Block (chess)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate_pattern" title="Checkmate pattern">Checkmate patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_(chess)" title="Combination (chess)">Combination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_(chess)" title="Decoy (chess)">Decoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflection_(chess)" title="Deflection (chess)">Deflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desperado_(chess)" title="Desperado (chess)">Desperado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovered_attack" title="Discovered attack">Discovered attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check" title="Double check">Double check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overloading_(chess)" title="Overloading (chess)">Overloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_storm" title="Pawn storm">Pawn storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(chess)" title="Pin (chess)">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_sacrifice" title="Queen sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewer_(chess)" title="Skewer (chess)">Skewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undermining_(chess)" title="Undermining (chess)">Undermining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_(chess)" title="Windmill (chess)">Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwischenzug" title="Zwischenzug">Zwischenzug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_strategy" title="Chess strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">Compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">the exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_(chess)" title="Initiative (chess)">Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-move_advantage_in_chess" title="First-move advantage in chess">first-move advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_middlegame" title="Chess middlegame">Middlegame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_structure" title="Pawn structure">Pawn structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_(chess)" title="Hedgehog (chess)">Hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">Isolated Queen's Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%B3czy_Bind" title="Maróczy Bind">Maróczy Bind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_attack" title="Minority attack">Minority attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophylaxis_(chess)" title="Prophylaxis (chess)">Prophylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_chess" title="School of chess">School of chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">Openings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flank_opening" title="Flank opening">Flank opening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Fianchetto_Opening" title="King's Fianchetto Opening">Benko Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Opening" title="Bird's Opening">Bird's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunst_Opening" title="Dunst Opening">Dunst Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Opening" title="English Opening">English Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grob%27s_Attack" title="Grob's Attack">Grob's Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen%27s_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Larsen's Opening">Larsen's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukertort_Opening" title="Zukertort Opening">Zukertort Opening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Attack" title="King's Indian Attack">King's Indian Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_Opening" title="Réti Opening">Réti Opening</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Pawn_Game" title="King's Pawn Game">King's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_Defence" title="Alekhine's Defence">Alekhine's Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro%E2%80%93Kann_Defence" title="Caro–Kann Defence">Caro–Kann Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Defence" title="French Defence">French Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Defense" title="Modern Defense">Modern Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzowitsch_Defence" title="Nimzowitsch Defence">Nimzowitsch Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Game" title="Open Game">Open Game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Knights_Game" title="Four Knights Game">Four Knights Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuoco_Piano" title="Giuoco Piano">Giuoco Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Game" title="Italian Game">Italian Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gambit" title="King's Gambit">King's Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov%27s_Defence" title="Petrov's Defence">Petrov's Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_Defence" title="Philidor Defence">Philidor Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponziani_Opening" title="Ponziani Opening">Ponziani Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez" title="Ruy Lopez">Ruy Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Italian_Opening" title="Semi-Italian Opening">Semi-Italian Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Game" title="Scotch Game">Scotch Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Knights_Defense" title="Two Knights Defense">Two Knights Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Game" title="Vienna Game">Vienna Game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen%27s_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Owen's Defense">Owen's Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence" title="Pirc Defence">Pirc Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence,_Austrian_Attack" title="Pirc Defence, Austrian Attack">Austrian Attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Defense" title="Scandinavian Defense">Scandinavian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence" title="Sicilian Defence">Sicilian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Alapin_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Alapin Variation">Alapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Dragon_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation">Dragon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Accelerated_Dragon" title="Sicilian Defence, Accelerated Dragon">Accelerated Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Najdorf_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation">Najdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Scheveningen_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation">Scheveningen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Pawn_Game" title="Queen's Pawn Game">Queen's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Gambit" title="Budapest Gambit">Budapest Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colle_System" title="Colle System">Colle System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Defence" title="Dutch Defence">Dutch Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence" title="English Defence">English Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Defence" title="Indian Defence">Indian Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_Defense" title="Benoni Defense">Benoni Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Benoni" title="Modern Benoni">Modern Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogo-Indian_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogo-Indian Defense">Bogo-Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Opening" title="Catalan Opening">Catalan Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defence" title="Grünfeld Defence">Grünfeld Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Defence" title="King's Indian Defence">King's Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzo-Indian_Defence" title="Nimzo-Indian Defence">Nimzo-Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Indian_Defense" title="Old Indian Defense">Old Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Indian_Defense" title="Queen's Indian Defense">Queen's Indian Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_System" title="London System">London System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter%E2%80%93Veresov_Attack" title="Richter–Veresov Attack">Richter–Veresov Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit" title="Queen's Gambit">Queen's Gambit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Accepted" title="Queen's Gambit Accepted">Accepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Declined" title="Queen's Gambit Declined">Declined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slav_Defense" title="Slav Defense">Slav Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Slav_Defense" title="Semi-Slav Defense">Semi-Slav Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigorin_Defense" title="Chigorin Defense">Chigorin Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_Attack" title="Torre Attack">Torre Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompowsky_Attack" title="Trompowsky Attack">Trompowsky Attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_openings" title="List of chess openings">List of openings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_theory_table" title="Chess opening theory table">theory table</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_gambits" title="List of chess gambits">List of chess gambits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_chess_opening" title="Irregular chess opening">Irregular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongcloud_Attack" title="Bongcloud Attack">Bongcloud Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">Endgames</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_and_knight_checkmate" title="Bishop and knight checkmate">Bishop and knight checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_pawn_versus_king_endgame" title="King and pawn versus king endgame">King and pawn vs king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposite-colored_bishops_endgame" title="Opposite-colored bishops endgame">Opposite-colored bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnless_chess_endgame" title="Pawnless chess endgame">Pawnless endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_and_pawn_versus_queen_endgame" title="Queen and pawn versus queen endgame">Queen and pawn vs queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_pawn_endgame" title="Queen versus pawn endgame">Queen vs pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_rook_endgame" title="Queen versus rook endgame">Queen vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_bishop_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and bishop versus rook endgame">Rook and bishop vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_pawn_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and pawn versus rook endgame">Rook and pawn vs rook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucena_position" title="Lucena position">Lucena position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_position" title="Philidor position">Philidor position</a></li></ul></li> <li>Strategy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_(chess)" title="Fortress (chess)">fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(chess)" title="Opposition (chess)">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(chess)" title="Triangulation (chess)">triangulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">Zugzwang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">Tablebase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_knights_endgame" title="Two knights endgame">Two knights endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_bishop" title="Wrong bishop">Wrong bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_rook_pawn" title="Wrong rook pawn">Wrong rook pawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tournament" title="Chess tournament">Tournaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_strong_chess_tournaments" title="List of strong chess tournaments">List of strong chess tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Chess_Olympiad" title="Women's Chess Olympiad">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Chess_Championships" title="List of World Chess Championships">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_World_Cup" title="Chess World Cup">Chess World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Prix" title="FIDE Grand Prix">FIDE Grand Prix</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other world championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_World_Chess_Championship" title="Women's World Chess Championship">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Chess_Championship" title="World Team Chess Championship">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship" title="World Rapid Chess Championship">Rapid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship" title="World Blitz Chess Championship">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship" title="World Youth Chess Championship">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Amateur_Chess_Championship" title="World Amateur Chess Championship">Amateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Championship_of_Chess_Composition" title="World Championship of Chess Composition">Chess composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Solving_Championship" title="World Chess Solving Championship">Solving</a></li></ul></li> <li>Computer chess championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess.com_Computer_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess.com Computer Chess Championship">CCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Open_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="Dutch Open Computer Chess Championship">CSVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="North American Computer Chess Championship">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Chess_Engine_Championship" title="Top Chess Engine Championship">TCEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Chess Championship">WCCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Speed_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Speed Chess Championship">WCSCC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFssa" title="Caïssa">Caïssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_aesthetics" title="Chess aesthetics">Chess aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts" title="Chess in the arts">Chess in the arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_early_literature" title="Chess in early literature">early literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_chess" title="Category:Films about chess">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_about_chess" title="Category:Novels about chess">novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_paintings" title="Category:Chess paintings">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poems_about_chess" title="Category:Poems about chess">poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_stories_about_chess" title="Category:Short stories about chess">short stories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_books" title="List of chess books">Chess books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_book" title="Chess opening book">opening books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">endgame literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess"><i>Oxford Companion</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_libraries" title="Chess libraries">Chess libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_columns_in_newspapers" title="Chess columns in newspapers">Chess newspaper columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_periodicals" title="List of chess periodicals">Chess periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbiter_(chess)" title="Arbiter (chess)">Arbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_club" title="Chess club">Chess club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_composer" title="Chess composer">Chess composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">Chess engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Chess_Zero" title="Leela Chess Zero">Leela Chess Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockfish_(chess)" title="Stockfish (chess)">Stockfish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">Chess problem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess_problems" title="Glossary of chess problems">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke_chess_problem" title="Joke chess problem">joke chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_prodigy" title="Chess prodigy">Chess prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_exhibition" title="Simultaneous exhibition">Simultaneous exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solving_chess" title="Solving chess">Solving chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/28px-Chess.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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