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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6k%C3%BCnt%C3%BC" title="Söküntü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Söküntü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolici%C3%B3" title="Demolició – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Demolició" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolice" title="Demolice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Demolice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abriss_(Bauwesen)" title="Abriss (Bauwesen) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abriss (Bauwesen)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lammutamine" title="Lammutamine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lammutamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolici%C3%B3n" title="Demolición – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Demolición" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraispen" title="Eraispen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eraispen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9molition" title="Démolition – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Démolition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EA%B4%B4_(%EA%B1%B4%EC%B6%95)" title="파괴 (건축) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파괴 (건축)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembongkaran" title="Pembongkaran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembongkaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolizione" title="Demolizione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Demolizione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הריסת מבנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הריסת מבנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloop_(afbraak)" title="Sloop (afbraak) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sloop (afbraak)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="解体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="解体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riving" title="Riving – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Riving" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riving" title="Riving – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Riving" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozbi%C3%B3rka" title="Rozbiórka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rozbiórka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demoli%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Demolição – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Demolição" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Снос здания – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Снос здания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Demolition" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="ڕووخاندن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووخاندن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romuttaminen" title="Romuttaminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Romuttaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivning" title="Rivning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rivning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="கட்டிடத் தகர்ப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Tearing-down of buildings and other structures</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Demolition_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Demolition (disambiguation)">Demolition (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"House demolition" redirects here. For the military tactic, see <a href="/wiki/House_demolition_(military)" title="House demolition (military)">House demolition (military)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Demolition" title="Special:EditPage/Demolition">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Demolition%22">"Demolition"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Demolition%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Demolition%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Demolition%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Demolition%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Demolition%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vacant_House_Demolition_in_Greenville%2C_NC_15.jpg/440px-Vacant_House_Demolition_in_Greenville%2C_NC_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2661" /></a><figcaption>Demolition of a house in <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_North_Carolina" title="Greenville, North Carolina">Greenville, North Carolina</a>, USA</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qormi_monuments_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Qormi_monuments_02.jpg/220px-Qormi_monuments_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Qormi_monuments_02.jpg/330px-Qormi_monuments_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Qormi_monuments_02.jpg/440px-Qormi_monuments_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>A partially demolished house in <a href="/wiki/Qormi" title="Qormi">Qormi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif/220px-Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif/330px-Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif/440px-Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Demolition of the <a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">cooling towers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Athlone_Power_Station" title="Athlone Power Station">Athlone Power Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Athlone,_Cape_Town" title="Athlone, Cape Town">Athlone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, South Africa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demolition_of_an_old_house_in_Argos,_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Demolition_of_an_old_house_in_Argos%2C_Greece.jpg/220px-Demolition_of_an_old_house_in_Argos%2C_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Demolition_of_an_old_house_in_Argos%2C_Greece.jpg/330px-Demolition_of_an_old_house_in_Argos%2C_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Demolition_of_an_old_house_in_Argos%2C_Greece.jpg/440px-Demolition_of_an_old_house_in_Argos%2C_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption>A house under demolition in <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a>, Greece.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Demolition</b> (also known as <b>razing</b>, <b>cartage</b>, and <b>wrecking</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> in safely and efficiently tearing down <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">buildings</a> and other artificial <a href="/wiki/Structure" title="Structure">structures</a>. Demolition contrasts with <a href="/wiki/Deconstruction_(building)" title="Deconstruction (building)">deconstruction</a>, which involves taking a building apart while carefully preserving valuable elements for <a href="/wiki/Reuse" title="Reuse">reuse</a> purposes. </p><p>For small buildings, such as <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">houses</a>, that are only two or three stories high, demolition is a rather simple process. The building is pulled down either manually or mechanically using large hydraulic equipment: elevated work platforms, cranes, <a href="/wiki/Excavator" title="Excavator">excavators</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bulldozer" title="Bulldozer">bulldozers</a>. Larger buildings may require the use of a <a href="/wiki/Wrecking_ball" title="Wrecking ball">wrecking ball</a>, a heavy weight on a cable that is swung by a <a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">crane</a> into the side of the buildings. Wrecking balls are especially effective against masonry, but are less easily controlled and often less efficient than other methods. Newer methods may use rotational hydraulic shears and silenced <a href="/wiki/Rockbreaker" title="Rockbreaker">rockbreakers</a> attached to excavators to cut or break through wood, steel, and concrete. The use of shears is especially common when flame cutting would be dangerous. </p><p>The tallest planned demolition of a building was the 52-storey <a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(1960%E2%80%932021)" title="270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)">270 Park Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, which was built in 1960 and torn down in 2019–2021 to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="270 Park Avenue (2021–present)">270 Park Avenue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manual">Manual</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demolition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Manual"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wrecking_ball.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Wrecking_ball.jpg/220px-Wrecking_ball.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Wrecking_ball.jpg/330px-Wrecking_ball.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Wrecking_ball.jpg/440px-Wrecking_ball.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2381" data-file-height="1905" /></a><figcaption>A wrecking ball in action at the demolition of the <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Gardens" title="Rockwell Gardens">Rockwell Gardens</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:House_destroyed_by_an_excavator_3_-_Invermere,_British_Columbia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/House_destroyed_by_an_excavator_3_-_Invermere%2C_British_Columbia.jpg/220px-House_destroyed_by_an_excavator_3_-_Invermere%2C_British_Columbia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/House_destroyed_by_an_excavator_3_-_Invermere%2C_British_Columbia.jpg/330px-House_destroyed_by_an_excavator_3_-_Invermere%2C_British_Columbia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/House_destroyed_by_an_excavator_3_-_Invermere%2C_British_Columbia.jpg/440px-House_destroyed_by_an_excavator_3_-_Invermere%2C_British_Columbia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1136" /></a><figcaption>House destroyed by an excavator in <a href="/wiki/Invermere,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Invermere, British Columbia">Invermere, British Columbia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyynikin_Uimahallin_Majaa_puretaan_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pyynikin_Uimahallin_Majaa_puretaan_1.jpg/220px-Pyynikin_Uimahallin_Majaa_puretaan_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pyynikin_Uimahallin_Majaa_puretaan_1.jpg/330px-Pyynikin_Uimahallin_Majaa_puretaan_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pyynikin_Uimahallin_Majaa_puretaan_1.jpg/440px-Pyynikin_Uimahallin_Majaa_puretaan_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>An old <a href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">hostel</a> building under demolition in <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydraulicke_demolicni_nuzky_na_podvozku_CAT_330.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hydraulicke_demolicni_nuzky_na_podvozku_CAT_330.jpg/220px-Hydraulicke_demolicni_nuzky_na_podvozku_CAT_330.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hydraulicke_demolicni_nuzky_na_podvozku_CAT_330.jpg/330px-Hydraulicke_demolicni_nuzky_na_podvozku_CAT_330.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hydraulicke_demolicni_nuzky_na_podvozku_CAT_330.jpg/440px-Hydraulicke_demolicni_nuzky_na_podvozku_CAT_330.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Long_reach_excavator" title="Long reach excavator">high-reach excavator</a> is used to demolish this <a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">tower block</a> in the Czech Republic.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demolition_of_Carlton_Hotel,_Sandown,_IW,_UK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Demolition_of_Carlton_Hotel%2C_Sandown%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg/220px-Demolition_of_Carlton_Hotel%2C_Sandown%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Demolition_of_Carlton_Hotel%2C_Sandown%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg/330px-Demolition_of_Carlton_Hotel%2C_Sandown%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Demolition_of_Carlton_Hotel%2C_Sandown%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg/440px-Demolition_of_Carlton_Hotel%2C_Sandown%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Demolition of a hotel in southern England.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before any demolition activities can take place, there are many steps that must be carried out beforehand, including performing <a href="/wiki/Asbestos_abatement" title="Asbestos abatement">asbestos abatement</a>, removing hazardous or regulated materials, obtaining necessary permits, submitting necessary notifications, disconnecting utilities, rodent baiting and the development of site-specific safety and work plans. </p><p>The typical razing of a building is accomplished as follows: </p> <ul><li>Hydraulic excavators may be used to topple one- or two-story buildings by an undermining process. The strategy is to undermine the building while controlling the manner and direction in which it falls.</li> <li>The demolition project manager/supervisor will determine where undermining is necessary so that a building is pulled in the desired manner and direction.</li> <li>The walls are typically undermined at a building's base, but this is not always the case if the building design dictates otherwise. Safety and cleanup considerations are also taken into account in determining how the building is undermined and ultimately demolished.</li></ul> <p>In some cases a crane with a <a href="/wiki/Wrecking_ball" title="Wrecking ball">wrecking ball</a> is used to demolish the structure down to a certain manageable height. At that point undermining takes place as described above. However, crane mounted demolition balls are rarely used within demolition due to the uncontrollable nature of the swinging ball and the safety implications associated. </p><p>High reach demolition excavators are more often used for tall buildings where explosive demolition is not appropriate or possible. Excavators with shear attachments are typically used to dismantle steel structural elements. Hydraulic hammers are often used for concrete structures and concrete processing attachments are used to crush concrete to a manageable size, and to remove reinforcing steel. For tall concrete buildings, where neither explosive nor high reach demolition with an excavator is safe or practical, the "inside-out" method is used, whereby remotely operated mini-excavators demolish the building from the inside, whilst maintaining the outer walls of the building as a scaffolding, as each floor is demolished. </p><p>To control dust, fire hoses are used to maintain a wet demolition. Hoses may be held by workers, secured in fixed location, or attached to lifts to gain elevation. </p><p>Loaders or bulldozers may also be used to demolish a building. They are typically equipped with "rakes" (thick pieces of steel that could be an I-beam or tube) that are used to ram building walls. Skid loaders and loaders will also be used to take materials out and sort steel. </p><p>The technique of Vérinage is used in France to weaken and buckle the supports of central floors promoting the collapse of the top part of a building onto the bottom resulting in a rapid, symmetrical, collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Japanese company <a href="/wiki/Kajima_Construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Kajima Construction">Kajima Construction</a> has developed a new method of demolishing buildings which involves using computer-controlled <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_jack" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic jack">hydraulic jacks</a> to support the bottom floor as the supporting columns are removed. The floor is lowered and this process is repeated for each floor. This technique is safer and more environmentally friendly, and is useful in areas of high <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-popsci-kajima_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popsci-kajima-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To demolish bridges, <a href="/wiki/Hoe_ram" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoe ram">hoe rams</a> are typically used to remove the concrete road deck and piers, while hydraulic shears are used to remove the bridge's <a href="/wiki/Structural_steel" title="Structural steel">structural steel</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NIMH_-_2011_-_0368_-_Aerial_photograph_of_Nieuwersluis,_The_Netherlands_-_1920_-_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/NIMH_-_2011_-_0368_-_Aerial_photograph_of_Nieuwersluis%2C_The_Netherlands_-_1920_-_1940.jpg/220px-NIMH_-_2011_-_0368_-_Aerial_photograph_of_Nieuwersluis%2C_The_Netherlands_-_1920_-_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/NIMH_-_2011_-_0368_-_Aerial_photograph_of_Nieuwersluis%2C_The_Netherlands_-_1920_-_1940.jpg/330px-NIMH_-_2011_-_0368_-_Aerial_photograph_of_Nieuwersluis%2C_The_Netherlands_-_1920_-_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/NIMH_-_2011_-_0368_-_Aerial_photograph_of_Nieuwersluis%2C_The_Netherlands_-_1920_-_1940.jpg/440px-NIMH_-_2011_-_0368_-_Aerial_photograph_of_Nieuwersluis%2C_The_Netherlands_-_1920_-_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2525" /></a><figcaption>Bridge demolition using explosives near Nieuwersluis, The Netherlands, 1920-1940</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fred_Dibnah" title="Fred Dibnah">Fred Dibnah</a> used a manual method of demolition to remove industrial chimneys in Great Britain. He cut an ingress at the base of the chimney—supporting the brickwork with wooden props—and then burning away the props so that the chimney fell, using no explosives and usually hand-operated power tools.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_implosion">Building implosion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demolition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Building implosion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Building_implosion" title="Building implosion">Building implosion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main,_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg/220px-Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg/330px-Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg/440px-Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4179" data-file-height="1336" /></a><figcaption>Demolition of a chimney at the former brewery "Henninger" in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, on 2 December 2006</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif/220px-Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif/330px-Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif/440px-Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>The demolition of the <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Coliseum" title="New Haven Coliseum">New Haven Coliseum</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Large buildings, tall <a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">chimneys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smokestack" class="mw-redirect" title="Smokestack">smokestacks</a>, bridges, and increasingly some smaller structures may be destroyed by building implosion using <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">explosives</a>. Imploding a structure is very fast—the collapse itself only takes seconds—and an expert can ensure that the structure falls into its own footprint, so as not to damage neighboring structures. This is essential for tall structures in dense urban areas. </p><p>Any error can be disastrous, however, and some demolitions have failed, severely damaging neighboring structures. One significant danger is from flying debris, which, when improperly prepared for, can kill onlookers. </p><p>Another dangerous scenario is the partial failure of an attempted implosion. When a building fails to collapse completely the structure may be unstable, tilting at a dangerous angle, and filled with un-detonated but still primed explosives, making it difficult for workers to approach safely. </p><p>A third danger comes from air overpressure that occurs during the implosion. If the sky is clear, the <a href="/wiki/Shock_wave" title="Shock wave">shock wave</a>, a wave of energy and sound, travels upwards and disperses, but if cloud coverage is low, the shock wave can travel outwards, breaking windows or causing other damage to surrounding buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-bnet_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bnet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Controlled implosion, being spectacular, is the method that the general public often thinks of when discussing demolition; however, it can be dangerous and is only used as a last resort when other methods are impractical or too costly. The destruction of large buildings has become increasingly common as the massive <a href="/wiki/Housing_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing project">housing projects</a> of the 1960s and 1970s are being leveled around the world. At 439 feet (134 m) and 2,200,000 square feet (200,000 m<sup>2</sup>), the <a href="/wiki/J._L._Hudson_Department_Store_and_Addition" title="J. L. Hudson Department Store and Addition">J. L. Hudson Department Store and Addition</a> is the tallest steel framed building and largest single structure ever <a href="/wiki/Building_implosion" title="Building implosion">imploded</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparation">Preparation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demolition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Phrased as facts but not necessarily true in all cases of implosion. Some information not specific to implosion.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Demolition" title="Special:EditPage/Demolition">improve this section</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It takes several weeks or months to prepare a building for implosion. All items of value, such as copper wiring, are stripped from a building. Some materials must be removed, such as <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a> that can form deadly projectiles, and insulation that can scatter over a wide area. Non-load bearing partitions and <a href="/wiki/Drywall" title="Drywall">drywall</a> are removed.<sup id="cite_ref-Nova1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nova1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selected columns on floors where explosives will be set are drilled and <a href="/wiki/High_explosives" class="mw-redirect" title="High explosives">high explosives</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin" title="Nitroglycerin">nitroglycerin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinitrotoluene" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitrotoluene">TNT</a>, <a href="/wiki/RDX" title="RDX">RDX</a>, or C4 are placed in the holes. Smaller columns and walls are wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Detonating_cord" title="Detonating cord">detonating cord</a>. The goal is to use as little explosive as possible so that the structure will fail in a <a href="/wiki/Progressive_collapse" title="Progressive collapse">progressive collapse</a>, and therefore only a few floors are rigged with explosives, so that it is safer due to fewer explosives, and costs less. The areas with explosives are covered in thick <a href="/wiki/Geotextile" title="Geotextile">geotextile</a> fabric and fencing to absorb flying debris.<sup id="cite_ref-Nova1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nova1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Far more time-consuming than the demolition itself is the clean-up of the site, as the debris is loaded into trucks and hauled away. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demolition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Deconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deconstruction_(building)" title="Deconstruction (building)">Deconstruction (building)</a></div> <p>An alternative approach to demolition is the deconstruction of a building with the goal of minimizing the amount of materials going to <a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">landfills</a>. This "green" approach is applied by removing the materials by type material and segregating them for reuse or <a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">recycling</a>. With proper planning this approach has resulted in landfill diversion rates that exceed 90% of an entire building and its contents in some cases. It also vastly reduces the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dioxide emissions">CO<sub>2</sub> emissions</a> of the removing of a building in comparison to demolition.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of plant and equipment has allowed for the easier segregation of <a href="/wiki/Demolition_waste" title="Demolition waste">demolition waste</a> types on site and the reuse within the construction of the replacement building. On site crushers allow the demolished concrete to be reused as type 1 crushed aggregate either as a piling mat for ground stabilization or as aggregate in the mixing of concrete. </p><p>Timber waste can be shredded using specialist timber shredders and composted, or used to form manufactured timber boards, such as <a href="/wiki/Medium-density_fibreboard" title="Medium-density fibreboard">MDF</a> or <a href="/wiki/Particle_board" title="Particle board">chipboard</a>. </p><p>Safety is paramount; a site safety officer is usually assigned to each project to enforce all safety rules and regulations. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mendham_Demolition.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Demolition of the last grain elevator in Mendham, Saskatchewan, June 2009"><img alt="Sequence of images depicting demolition of the last grain elevator in Mendham, Saskatchewan, June 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mendham_Demolition.jpg/1200px-Mendham_Demolition.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mendham_Demolition.jpg/1800px-Mendham_Demolition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mendham_Demolition.jpg/2400px-Mendham_Demolition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="18048" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Mendham_Demolition.jpg" title="File:Mendham Demolition.jpg"> </a></div>Demolition of the last <a href="/wiki/Grain_elevator" title="Grain elevator">grain elevator</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mendham,_Saskatchewan" title="Mendham, Saskatchewan">Mendham, Saskatchewan</a>, June 2009</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teardowns">Teardowns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demolition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Teardowns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In real estate, a teardown or knockdown - also derisively called "bash and build" - is a term for demolishing a building immediately after purchasing it, freeing up the land for a new, typically larger building. The term first entered the real estate lexicon in the 1990s. A teardown is often done when the redevelopment value of a plot of land exceeds the value of the existing building. In the 2000s, teardowns by wealthy <a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">baby boomers</a> replacing houses across America with outsized <a href="/wiki/McMansion" title="McMansion">McMansions</a> became so common that municipal building codes in many areas were revised, putting up more barriers to tearing down an existing homes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Teardowns are often cheaper than restoring an existing, dilapidated building, but can diminish historical value due to the more generic, cookie-cutter appearance of new houses and buildings compared to antique ones. Sometimes, saving the older building can still be viable if the owner spends more money to restore it. Purposely ignoring issues with a building in order to force demolition for public safety reasons is known as "demolition by neglect". "Canyon effect" is a term used to describe when smaller houses are surrounded by new, multi-story buildings with blank walls.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demolition&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Construction_waste" title="Construction waste">Construction waste</a> – Unwanted material produced directly or incidentally by the construction industries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_waste" title="Demolition waste">Demolition waste</a> – Waste debris from destruction of buildings, roads, bridges, or other structures</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_demolition" class="mw-redirect" title="House demolition">House demolition</a> – Tearing-down of buildings and other structures<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span> (military tactic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICE_demolition_protocol" title="ICE demolition protocol">ICE demolition protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_demolished_buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="List of demolished buildings and structures in London">List of demolished buildings and structures in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Demolition_Contractors" title="National Federation of Demolition Contractors">National Federation of Demolition Contractors</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slighting" title="Slighting">Slighting</a> – Damage of buildings to reduce their value</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">Urban renewal</a> – Land redevelopment in cities</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demolition&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newyorkyimby.com/2017/09/270-park-avenues-shrouded-demolition-making-progress-in-midtown-east.html">https://www.newyorkyimby.com/2017/09/270-park-avenues-shrouded-demolition-making-progress-in-midtown-east.html</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2td63_hd20h20070822chunk2_news">"HD_20h_20070822_chunk_2 – Vidéo Dailymotion"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kajima+Demolition+Tech&rft.date=2008-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popsci.com%2Fbown%2F2008%2Fproduct%2Fkajima-demolition-tech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemolition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2006" class="citation book cs1">Hall, David (2006). <i>Fred</i>. Bantam Press. pp. 66–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-593-05664-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-593-05664-7"><bdi>0-593-05664-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fred&rft.pages=66-68&rft.pub=Bantam+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-593-05664-7&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemolition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bnet-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bnet_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCultice1997" class="citation news cs1">Cultice, Curtice (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1052/is_n1-2_v118/ai_19118720/pg_3">"Blasting a path to world markets"</a>. BNET Business Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Blasting+a+path+to+world+markets&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Cultice&rft.aufirst=Curtice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m1052%2Fis_n1-2_v118%2Fai_19118720%2Fpg_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemolition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220103947/http://www.controlled-demolition.com/default.asp?reqLocId=7&reqItemId=20030225133807">"J.L. Hudson Department Store"</a>. Controlled Demolition, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.controlled-demolition.com/default.asp?reqLocId=7&reqItemId=20030225133807">the original</a> on 20 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J.L.+Hudson+Department+Store&rft.pub=Controlled+Demolition%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.controlled-demolition.com%2Fdefault.asp%3FreqLocId%3D7%26reqItemId%3D20030225133807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemolition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nova1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nova1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nova1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWGBH_Boston1996" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH Boston</a> (December 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/kaboom/loizeaux.html">"Interview with Stacey Loizeaux"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">NOVA Online</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">Public Broadcasting Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2009</span>. <q>She learned the fine art of demolition from her father, Mark Loizeaux, and her uncle, Doug Loizeaux—president and vice-president of the company. NOVA spoke with Ms. Loizeaux a few days before Christmas, 1996.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOVA+Online&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Stacey+Loizeaux&rft.date=1996-12&rft.au=WGBH+Boston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Fkaboom%2Floizeaux.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemolition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415000721/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-01/15/japan-eco-demolition">"Taisei Corporation's Tecorep reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 85%"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-01/15/japan-eco-demolition">the original</a> on 15 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taisei+Corporation%27s+Tecorep+reducing+CO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+emissions+by+85%25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farchive%2F2013-01%2F15%2Fjapan-eco-demolition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemolition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2006" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Michelle (16 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/16/realestate/16tear.html">"The Teardown Wars"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Teardown+Wars&rft.date=2006-06-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F06%2F16%2Frealestate%2F16tear.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemolition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demolition&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Demolition" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Demolition">Demolition</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demolition" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:demolition"><i>demolition</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_construction" title="History of construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_structural_engineering" title="History of structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_architecture" title="Timeline of architecture">Timeline of architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation" title="History of water supply and sanitation">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_engineer" title="Building engineer">Building engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_estimator" title="Building estimator">Building estimator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_officials" title="Building officials">Building officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Building_Surveyor" title="Chartered Building Surveyor">Chartered Building Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">Civil engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_estimator" title="Civil estimator">Civil estimator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_works" title="Clerk of works">Clerk of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_manager" title="Project manager">Project manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantity_surveyor" title="Quantity surveyor">Quantity surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_manager" title="Site manager">Site manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_engineer" title="Structural engineer">Structural engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(construction)" title="Superintendent (construction)">Superintendent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trades workers<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_construction_trades" title="List of construction trades">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banksman" title="Banksman">Banksman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boilermaker" title="Boilermaker">Boilermaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricklayer" title="Bricklayer">Bricklayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_finisher" title="Concrete finisher">Concrete finisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_foreman" title="Construction foreman">Construction foreman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_worker" title="Construction worker">Construction worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrician" title="Electrician">Electrician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glazier" title="Glazier">Glazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironworker" title="Ironworker">Ironworker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwright" title="Millwright">Millwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasterer" title="Plasterer">Plasterer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber" title="Plumber">Plumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roofer" title="Roofer">Roofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_fixer" title="Steel fixer">Steel fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welder" title="Welder">Welder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Constructors" title="American Institute of Constructors">American Institute of Constructors</a> (AIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> (ASCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbestos_Testing_and_Consultancy_Association" title="Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association">Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association</a> (ATAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_General_Contractors_of_America" title="Associated General Contractors of America">Associated General Contractors of America</a> (AGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Plumbing_and_Heating_Contractors" title="Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors">Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors</a> (APHC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_UK" title="Build UK">Build UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_History_Society" title="Construction History Society">Construction History Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institution_of_Civil_Engineering_Surveyors" title="Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors">Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors</a> (CICES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Plumbing_and_Heating_Engineering" title="Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering">Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering</a> (CIPHE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Engineering_Contractors_Association" title="Civil Engineering Contractors Association">Civil Engineering Contractors Association</a> (CECA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Concrete_Society" title="The Concrete Society">The Concrete Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_Management_Association_of_America" title="Construction Management Association of America">Construction Management Association of America</a> (CMAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_Specifications_Institute" title="Construction Specifications Institute">Construction Specifications Institute</a> (CSI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDIC" title="FIDIC">FIDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Builders_Federation" title="Home Builders Federation">Home Builders Federation</a> (HBF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_Association" title="Lighting Association">Lighting Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Home_Builders" title="National Association of Home Builders">National Association of Home Builders</a> (NAHB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Women_in_Construction" title="National Association of Women in Construction">National Association of Women in Construction</a> (NAWIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a> (NFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Kitchen_%26_Bath_Association" title="National Kitchen & Bath Association">National Kitchen & Bath Association</a> (NKBA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Railroad_Construction_and_Maintenance_Association" title="National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association">National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association</a> (NRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tile_Contractors_Association" title="National Tile Contractors Association">National Tile Contractors Association</a> (NTCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Tie_Association" title="Railway Tie Association">Railway Tie Association</a> (RTA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_of_Chartered_Surveyors" title="Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors">Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors</a> (RICS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Building_Federation" title="Scottish Building Federation">Scottish Building Federation</a> (SBF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Construction_Arbitrators" title="Society of Construction Arbitrators">Society of Construction Arbitrators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Iran" title="Construction industry of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Japan" title="Construction industry of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Romania" title="Construction industry of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_construction_and_contracting_industry" title="Turkish construction and contracting industry">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Construction industry of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Construction industry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">Building code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_law" title="Construction law">Construction law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_site_safety" title="Construction site safety">Site safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architectural_styles" title="List of architectural styles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_industrial_architecture" title="British industrial architecture">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Indigenous architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">Vernacular architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_engineering" title="Coastal engineering">Coastal engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_engineering" title="Construction engineering">Construction engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_engineering" title="Earthquake engineering">Earthquake engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering" title="Geotechnical engineering">Geotechnical engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_construction_methods" title="List of construction methods">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthbag_construction" title="Earthbag construction">Earthbag construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_methods_of_construction" title="Modern methods of construction">Modern methods of construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocrete_construction" title="Monocrete construction">Monocrete construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_forming" title="Slip forming">Slip forming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building_material" title="Building material">Building material</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_building_materials" title="List of building materials">List of building materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwork_(building_material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Millwork (building material)">Millwork</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_bidding" title="Construction bidding">Construction bidding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_delay" title="Construction delay">Construction delay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_equipment_theft" title="Construction equipment theft">Construction equipment theft</a></li> <li>Construction loan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_management" title="Construction management">Construction management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_waste" title="Construction waste">Construction waste</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Demolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFMA" title="DFMA">DfMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Heavy equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_buildings_and_structures" title="Lists of buildings and structures">Lists of buildings and structures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures" title="List of tallest buildings and structures">List of tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaproject" title="Megaproject">Megaproject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megastructure" title="Megastructure">Megastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasterwork" title="Plasterwork">Plasterwork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damp_(structural)" title="Damp (structural)">Damp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damp_proofing" title="Damp proofing">Proofing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parge_coat" title="Parge coat">Parge coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roughcast" title="Roughcast">Roughcast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harling_(wall_finish)" title="Harling (wall finish)">Harling</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">Real estate development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">Stonemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_in_construction" title="Sustainability in construction">Sustainability in construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_building" title="Unfinished building">Unfinished building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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