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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Svante Arrhenius</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 92 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سفانت أرينيوس – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سفانت أرينيوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhenius" title="Arrhenius – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrenius" title="Svante Arrenius – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Svante Arrenius" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سوانت آرنیوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوانت آرنیوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8" title="সভান্তে আরিয়েনিউস – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সভান্তে আরিয়েনিউস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D_%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Свантэ Аўгуст Арэніус – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Свантэ Аўгуст Арэніус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B0%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BE%B0%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="སྰ་ཝན་ཐི་ཨྰར་ཧེན་ཡ་སུ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྰ་ཝན་ཐི་ཨྰར་ཧེན་ཡ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Август Арениус – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сванте Август Арениус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Σβάντε Αρρένιους – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σβάντε Αρρένιους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سوانته آرنیوس – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوانته آرنیوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8,_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="अर्हेनिअस, स्फान्ता ऑगस्ट – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अर्हेनिअस, स्फान्ता ऑगस्ट" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%98%ED%85%8C_%EC%95%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%88%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="스반테 아레니우스 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스반테 아레니우스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius_ne" title="Svante Arrhenius ne – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Svante Arrhenius ne" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Սվանտե Արենիուս – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սվանտե Արենիուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="स्वांटे आर्रेनियस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वांटे आर्रेनियस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="סוונטה ארניוס – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוונטה ארניוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅರೇನಿಯಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರೇನಿಯಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სვანტე არენიუსი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სვანტე არენიუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Аррениус – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сванте Аррениус" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svanto_Augustus_Arrhenius" title="Svanto Augustus Arrhenius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Svanto Augustus Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arr%C4%93niuss" title="Svante Arrēniuss – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svante Arrēniuss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Арениус – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сванте Арениус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്വാന്തെ അറീനിയസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വാന്തെ അറീനിയസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სვანტე არენიუსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სვანტე არენიუსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سفانت ارينيوس – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سفانت ارينيوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سوانت آرنیوس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سوانت آرنیوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="スヴァンテ・アレニウス – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スヴァンテ・アレニウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%92_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="سوانتے آرہینیاس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سوانتے آرہینیاس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82" title="Аррениус, Сванте Август – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аррениус, Сванте Август" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8E_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%B3" title="ساڤانتێ ئەرێنیەس – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ساڤانتێ ئەرێنیەس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Аренијус – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сванте Аренијус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="சுவாந்தே அறீனியசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுவாந்தே அறீனியசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Аррениус – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сванте Аррениус" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA" title="สวานเต อาร์เรเนียส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สวานเต อาร์เรเนียส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82" title="Аррениус, Сванте Август – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аррениус, Сванте Август" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Август Арреніус – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сванте Август Арреніус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Svante Arrhenius</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Arrhenius2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arrhenius2.jpg/220px-Arrhenius2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arrhenius2.jpg/330px-Arrhenius2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arrhenius2.jpg/440px-Arrhenius2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kelahiran</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Svante August Arrhenius</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1859-02-19</span>)</span>19 Februari 1859<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Wik Castle, Sweden</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal dunia</th><td class="infobox-data">2 Oktober 1927<span style="display:none">(1927-10-02)</span> (umur 68)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Warganegara</th><td class="infobox-data category">Sweden</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Pusat pendidikan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiti_Uppsala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiti Uppsala (laman tidak wujud)">Universiti Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiti_Stockholm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiti Stockholm (laman tidak wujud)">Universiti Stockholm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Terkenal kerana</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Arrhenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persamaan Arrhenius (laman tidak wujud)">Persamaan Arrhenius</a></li> <li>Teori pemisahan ionik</li> <li>Teori berasakan asid</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anugerah</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pingat_Davy" title="Pingat Davy">Pingat Davy</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia">Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia</a> (1903)</li> <li>ForMemRS (1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anugerah_Willard_Gibbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anugerah Willard Gibbs (laman tidak wujud)">Anugerah Willard Gibbs</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadiah_Syarahan_Faraday&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadiah Syarahan Faraday (laman tidak wujud)">Hadiah Syarahan Faraday</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingat_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pingat Franklin (laman tidak wujud)">Pingat Franklin</a> (1920)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"><b>Kerjaya saintifik</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bidang</th><td class="infobox-data category"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik">Fizik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">Kimia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institusi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Teknologi_Diraja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Teknologi Diraja (laman tidak wujud)">Institut Teknologi Diraja</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Penasihat_kedoktoran" title="Penasihat kedoktoran">Penasihat kedoktoran</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Per_Teodor_Cleve" title="Per Teodor Cleve">Per Teodor Cleve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erik_Edlund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erik Edlund (laman tidak wujud)">Erik Edlund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pelajar kedoktoran</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskar_Klein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oskar Klein (laman tidak wujud)">Oskar Benjamin Klein</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Svante August Arrhenius</b> (<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/English" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɑː/ 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ˈ/ tekanan primer ikuti">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/ long 'a' in 'base'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'no'">n</span><span title="/i/ 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ʊ/ short 'oo' in 'foot'">ʊ</span><span title="'s' dalam 'satu'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19 Februari 1859 – 2 Oktober 1927) merupakan seorang ahli sains Sweden. Asalnya seorang <a href="/wiki/Ahli_fizik" title="Ahli fizik">ahli fizik</a>, tetapi sering disebut sebagai ahli kimia, Arrhenius merupakan salah seorang pengasas sains <a href="/wiki/Kimia_fizik" title="Kimia fizik">kimia fizikal</a>. Beliau menerima <a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia">Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia</a> pada tahun 1903, menjadi pemenang Nobel Sweden pertma, dan pada tahun 1905 menjadi pengarah Institut Nobel di mana beliau terus kekal sehingga kematiannya.<sup id="cite_ref-Chambers_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chambers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sumbangannya yang kekal kepada sains dicontohkan dan diperingati oleh persamaan Arrhenius, <nowiki><a href="/wiki/Tindak_balas_asid-bes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tindak balas asid-bes">definisi Arrhenius terhadap asid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kawah_hentaman" title="Kawah hentaman">kawah bulan</a> Arrhenius, gunung Arrheniusfjellet dan Makmal Arrhenius di Universiti Stockholm, yang semuanya dinamakan sempena namanya. Beliau adalah yang pertama menggunakan prinsip asas kimia fizikal untuk mengira anggaran sejauh mana kenaikan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfera">atmosfera</a> meningkatkan suhu permukaan bumi melalui persamaan Arrhenius, yang mengetuai David Keeling untuk menyimpulkan bahawa pelepasan karbon dioksida yang disebabkan oleh manusia cukup besar untuk menyebabkan pemanasan global.<sup id="cite_ref-Baum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bibliografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Svante Arrhenius, 1884, <i>Recherches sur la conductivité galvanique des électrolytes</i>, doctoral dissertation, Stockholm, Royal publishing house, P.A. Norstedt & söner, 89 pages.</li> <li>Svante Arrhenius, 1896a, <i>Ueber den Einfluss des Atmosphärischen Kohlensäurengehalts auf die Temperatur der Erdoberfläche</i>, in the Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm 1896, Volume 22, I N. 1, pages 1–101.</li> <li>Svante Arrhenius, 1896b, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/images/Arrhenius1896_tcm18-173546.pdf">On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground</a></i>, London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science (fifth series), April 1896. vol 41, pages 237–275.</li> <li>Svante Arrhenius, 1901a, <i>Ueber die Wärmeabsorption durch Kohlensäure</i>, Annalen der Physik, Vol 4, 1901, pages 690–705.</li> <li>Svante Arrhenius, 1901b, <i>Über Die Wärmeabsorption Durch Kohlensäure Und Ihren Einfluss Auf Die Temperatur Der Erdoberfläche</i>. Abstract of the proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science, 58, 25–58.</li> <li>Arrhenius, Svante. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015080300869;view=1up;seq=503">Die Verbreitung des Lebens im Weltenraum</a>. Die Umschau, Frankfurt a. M., 7, 1903, 481-486.</li> <li>Svante Arrhenius, 1903, <i>Lehrbuch der Kosmischen Physik</i>, Vol I and II, S. Hirschel publishing house, Leipzig, 1026 pages.</li> <li>Svante Arrhenius, 1906, <i>Die vermutliche Ursache der Klimaschwankungen</i>, Meddelanden från K. Vetenskapsakademiens Nobelinstitut, Vol 1 No 2, pages 1–10</li> <li>Svante Arrhenius, 1908, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldsinmakingev00arrhrich">Das Werden der Welten</a></i> (Worlds in the making; the evolution of the universe), Academic Publishing House, Leipzig, 208 pages.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/arrhenius">"Arrhenius"</a>. <i>New World College Dictionary</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chambers_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Arrhenius, Svante August" in <i>Chambers's Encyclopædia</i>. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 635.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baum-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baum_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFBaum,_Sr.2016" class="citation journal cs1">Baum, Sr., Rudy M. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/future-calculations">"Future Calculations: The first climate change believer"</a>. <i>Distillations</i>. <b>2</b> (2): 38–39<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Distillations&rft.atitle=Future+Calculations%3A+The+first+climate+change+believer&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=38-39&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Baum%2C+Sr.&rft.aufirst=Rudy+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fdistillations%2Fmagazine%2Ffuture-calculations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bacaan lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSnelders1970" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Snelders, H.A.M. (1970). "Arrhenius, Svante August". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_Scientific_Biography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictionary of Scientific Biography (laman tidak wujud)">Dictionary of Scientific Biography</a></i>. <b>1</b>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. m/s. 296–301. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-684-10114-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-684-10114-9"><bdi>0-684-10114-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arrhenius%2C+Svante+August&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Scientific+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=296-301&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-684-10114-9&rft.aulast=Snelders&rft.aufirst=H.A.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Crawford, Elisabeth T. <i>Arrhenius: from ionic theory to the greenhouse effect</i> Canton, MA: Science History Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-88135-166-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-88135-166-0">0-88135-166-0</a></li> <li>Patrick Coffey, <i>Cathedrals of Science: The Personalities and Rivalries That Made Modern Chemistry</i>, Oxford University Press, 2008. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-532134-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-532134-0">978-0-19-532134-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Svante_Arrhenius?uselang=ms">Svante Arrhenius</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1903/arrhenius-bio.html">Biography</a> Biography from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobelprize.org&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobelprize.org (laman tidak wujud)">Nobelprize.org</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iva.se/upload/Verksamhet/Högtidssammankomst/Minnesskrift%202008.pdf">A Tribute to the Memory of Svante Arrhenius (1859–1927) – a scientist ahead of his time</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306120343/http://www.iva.se/upload/Verksamhet/H%C3%B6gtidssammankomst/Minnesskrift%202008.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> 2017-03-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, published in 2008 by the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=5971">Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1903/arrhenius-lecture.html">Nobel Lecture</a> <i>Development of the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation</i> from Nobelprize.org website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/Obs../0050//0000363.000.html">Obs <b>50</b> (1927) 363</a> – Obituary (one paragraph)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0039//0000385.000.html">PASP <b>39</b> (1927) 385</a> – Obituary (one paragraph)</li> <li>“On the influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground”, Arrhenius, 1896, online and analyzed on <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibnum.education.fr/sciencesdelaterre/climatologie/de-l-influence-de-l-acide-carbonique-de-l-air-sur-la-temperature-terr">BibNum</a></i> <small>[click 'à télécharger' for English analysis]</small></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1901</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1902</span> <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1903</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Svante Arrhenius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1904</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1905</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1906</span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1907</span> <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1908</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1909</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1910</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1911</span> <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1912</span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Paul Sabatier</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1913</span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1914</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1915</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1916</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1917</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1918</span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1919</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1920</span> <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1921</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1922</span> <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1923</span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1924</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1925</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1926</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1927</span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1928</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1929</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1930</span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1931</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1932</span> <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1933</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1934</span> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1935</span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1936</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1937</span> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1938</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1939</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1940</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1941</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1942</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1943</span> <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1944</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1945</span> <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1946</span> <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1947</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1948</span> <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1949</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1950</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1951</span> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1952</span> <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Synge" title="Richard Synge">Richard Synge</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1953</span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1954</span> <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1955</span> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1956</span> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1957</span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1958</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1959</span> <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1960</span> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1961</span> <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1962</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1963</span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1964</span> <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1965</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1966</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1967</span> <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Norrish" title="Ronald Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1968</span> <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1969</span> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1970</span> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1971</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1972</span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1973</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1974</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1975</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1976</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1977</span> <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1978</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1979</span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1980</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1981</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1982</span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1983</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1984</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1985</span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1986</span> <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1987</span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1988</span> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1989</span> <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1990</span> <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1991</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1992</span> <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1993</span> <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith" title="Michael Smith">Michael Smith</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1994</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1995</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Mario J. Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1996</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1997</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1998</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1999</span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2000</span> <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–kini</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">2001</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2002</span> <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2003</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2004</span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2005</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2006</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2007</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2008</span> <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2009</span> <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2010</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2011</span> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2012</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2013</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2014</span> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2015</span> <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. 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