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inverter</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: self-biased inverter"> <meta name="keywords" content="self-biased inverter"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="self-biased inverter"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 182</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: self-biased inverter</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> 156vdc to 110vac Sinusoidal Inverter Simulation and Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phinyo%20Mueangmeesap">Phinyo Mueangmeesap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes about pure sinusoidal inverter simulation and implementation from high voltage DC (156 Vdc). This simulation is to study and improve the efficiency of the inverter. By reducing the loss of power from boost converter in current inverter. The simulation is done by using the H-bridge circuit with pulse width modulate (PWM) signal and low-pass filter circuit. To convert the DC into AC. This paper used the PSCad for simulation. The result of simulation can be used to create prototype inverter by converting 156 Vdc to 110Vac. The inverter gives the output signal similar to the output from a simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter%20simulation" title="inverter simulation">inverter simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM%20signal" title=" PWM signal"> PWM signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-phase%20inverter" title=" single-phase inverter"> single-phase inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sinusoidal%20inverter" title=" sinusoidal inverter"> sinusoidal inverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58872/156vdc-to-110vac-sinusoidal-inverter-simulation-and-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Contribution to Improving the DFIG Control Using a Multi-Level Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imane%20El%20Karaoui">Imane El Karaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Maaroufi"> Mohammed Maaroufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Chaikhy"> Hamid Chaikhy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is one of the most reliable wind generator. Major problem in wind power generation is to generate Sinusoidal signal with very low THD on variable speed caused by inverter two levels used. This paper presents a multi-level inverter whose objective is to reduce the THD and the dimensions of the output filter. This work proposes a three-level NPC-type inverter, the results simulation are presented demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed inverter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFIG" title="DFIG">DFIG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverter" title=" multilevel inverter"> multilevel inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPC%20inverter" title=" NPC inverter"> NPC inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THD" title=" THD"> THD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20machine" title=" induction machine"> induction machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78364/contribution-to-improving-the-dfig-control-using-a-multi-level-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Cascaded Multi-Level Single-Phase Switched Boost Inverter </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van-Thuan%20Tran">Van-Thuan Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minh-Khai%20Nguyen"> Minh-Khai Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geum-Bae%20Cho"> Geum-Bae Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, multilevel inverters have become more attractive for researchers due to low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output voltage and low electromagnetic interference (EMI). This paper proposes a single-phase cascaded H-bridge quasi switched boost inverter (CHB-qSBI) for renewable energy sources applications. The proposed inverter has the advantage over the cascaded H-bridge quasi-Z-source inverter (CHB-qZSI) in reducing two capacitors and two inductors. As a result, cost, weight, and size are reduced. Furthermore, the dc-link voltage of each module is controlled by individual shoot-through duty cycle to get the same values. Therefore, the proposed inverter solves the imbalance problem of dc-link voltage in traditional CHB inverter. This paper shows the operating principles and analysis of the single-phase cascaded H-bridge quasi switched boost inverter. Also, a control strategy for the proposed inverter is shown. Experimental and simulation results are shown to verify the operating principle of the proposed inverter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20sources" title="renewable energy sources">renewable energy sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascaded%20h-bridge%20inverter" title=" cascaded h-bridge inverter"> cascaded h-bridge inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi%20switched%20boost%20inverter" title=" quasi switched boost inverter"> quasi switched boost inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi%20z-source%20inverter" title=" quasi z-source inverter"> quasi z-source inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverter" title=" multilevel inverter"> multilevel inverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77251/cascaded-multi-level-single-phase-switched-boost-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Effect of Inductance Ratio on Operating Frequencies of a Hybrid Resonant Inverter </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Ghodsi">Mojtaba Ghodsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Ziaifar"> Hamidreza Ziaifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Mohammadzaheri"> Morteza Mohammadzaheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payam%20Soltani"> Payam Soltani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the performance of a medium power (25 kW/25 kHz) hybrid inverter with a reactive transformer is investigated. To analyze the sensitivity of the inverster, the RSM technique is employed to manifest the effective factors in the inverter to minimize current passing through the Insulated Bipolar Gate Transistors (IGBTs) (current stress). It is revealed that the ratio of the axillary inductor to the effective inductance of resonant inverter (N), is the most effective parameter to minimize the current stress in this type of inverter. In practice, proper selection of N mitigates the current stress over IGBTs by five times. This reduction is very helpful to keep the IGBTs at normal temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20analysis" title="analytical analysis">analytical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20resonant%20inverter" title=" hybrid resonant inverter"> hybrid resonant inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20transformer" title=" reactive transformer"> reactive transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20method" title=" response surface method"> response surface method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118780/effect-of-inductance-ratio-on-operating-frequencies-of-a-hybrid-resonant-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> Single Phase PV Inverter Applying a Dual Boost Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudha%20Bhutada">Sudha Bhutada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Nigam"> S. R. Nigam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a single-phase PV inverter applying a dual boost converter circuit inverter is proposed for photovoltaic (PV) generation system and PV grid connected system. This system is designed to improve integration of a Single phase inverter with Photovoltaic panel. The DC 24V is converted into to 86V DC and then 86V DC to 312V DC. The 312 V DC is then successfully inverted to AC 220V. Hence, solar energy is powerfully converted into electrical energy for fulfilling the necessities of the home load, or to link with the grid. Matlab Simulation software was used for simulation of the circuit and outcome are presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%20bridge%20inverter" title="H bridge inverter">H bridge inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20boost%20converter" title=" dual boost converter"> dual boost converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM" title=" PWM"> PWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPWM" title=" SPWM"> SPWM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32356/single-phase-pv-inverter-applying-a-dual-boost-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">646</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Three Phase PWM Inverter for Low Rating Energy Efficient Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20Lujara">Nelson Lujara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a practical three-phase PWM inverter suitable for low voltage, low rating energy efficient systems. The work in the paper is conducted with the view to establishing the significance of the loss contribution from the PWM inverter in the determination of the complete losses of a photovoltaic (PV) array-powered induction motor drive water pumping system. Losses investigated include; conduction and switching loss of the devices and gate drive losses. It is found that the PWM inverter operates at a reasonable variable efficiency that does not fall below 92% depending on the load. The results between the simulated and experimental results for the system with or without a maximum power tracker (MPT) compares very well, within an acceptable range of 2% margin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title="energy">energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter" title=" inverter"> inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=losses" title=" losses"> losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26717/three-phase-pwm-inverter-for-low-rating-energy-efficient-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">640</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">176</span> Study and Design of Solar Inverter System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20A.%20Madi">Khaled A. Madi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulalhakim%20O.%20Naji"> Abdulalhakim O. Naji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassouna%20A.%20Aalaoh"> Hassouna A. Aalaoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmahdi%20Eldeeb"> Elmahdi Eldeeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar energy is one of the cleanest energy sources with no environmental impact. Due to rapid increase in industrial as well as domestic needs, solar energy becomes a good candidate for safe and easy to handle energy source, especially after it becomes available due to reduction of manufacturing price. The main part of the solar inverter system is the inverter where the DC is inverted to AC, where we try to minimize the loss of power to the minimum possible level by the use of microcontroller. In this work, a deep investigation is made experimentally as well as theoretically for a microcontroller based variable frequency power inverter. The microcontroller will provide the variable frequency Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal that will control the switching of the gate of the Insulating Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) with less harmonics at the output of power inverter which can be fed to the public grid at high quality. The proposed work for single phase as well as three phases is also simulated using Matlab/Simulink where we found a good agreement between the simulated and the practical results, even though the experimental work were done in the laboratory of the academy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar" title="solar">solar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter" title=" inverter"> inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV" title=" PV"> PV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20inverter%20system" title=" solar inverter system"> solar inverter system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9073/study-and-design-of-solar-inverter-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">175</span> Recent Advances in Pulse Width Modulation Techniques and Multilevel Inverters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20Kumar%20Peddapelli">Satish Kumar Peddapelli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents advances in pulse width modulation techniques which refers to a method of carrying information on train of pulses and the information be encoded in the width of pulses. Pulse Width Modulation is used to control the inverter output voltage. This is done by exercising the control within the inverter itself by adjusting the ON and OFF periods of inverter. By fixing the DC input voltage we get AC output voltage. In variable speed AC motors the AC output voltage from a constant DC voltage is obtained by using inverter. Recent developments in power electronics and semiconductor technology have lead improvements in power electronic systems. Hence, different circuit configurations namely multilevel inverters have become popular and considerable interest by researcher are given on them. A fast Space-Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) method for five-level inverter is also discussed. In this method, the space vector diagram of the five-level inverter is decomposed into six space vector diagrams of three-level inverters. In turn, each of these six space vector diagrams of three-level inverter is decomposed into six space vector diagrams of two-level inverters. After decomposition, all the remaining necessary procedures for the three-level SVPWM are done like conventional two-level inverter. The proposed method reduces the algorithm complexity and the execution time. It can be applied to the multilevel inverters above the five-level also. The experimental setup for three-level diode-clamped inverter is developed using TMS320LF2407 DSP controller and the experimental results are analysed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five-level%20inverter" title="five-level inverter">five-level inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20vector%20pulse%20wide%20modulation" title=" space vector pulse wide modulation"> space vector pulse wide modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diode%20clamped%20inverter" title=" diode clamped inverter"> diode clamped inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20engineering" title=" electrical engineering"> electrical engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8909/recent-advances-in-pulse-width-modulation-techniques-and-multilevel-inverters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> Design and Analysis of Highly Efficient and Reliable Single-Phase Transformerless Inverter for PV Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Ashok%20Kumar">L. Ashok Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Sujith%20Kumar"> N. Sujith Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the PV systems are designed with transformer for safety purpose with galvanic isolation. However, the transformer is big, heavy and expensive. Also, it reduces the overall frequency of the conversion stage. Generally PV inverter with transformer is having efficiency around 92%–94% only. To overcome these problems, transformerless PV system is introduced. It is smaller, lighter, cheaper and higher in efficiency. However, dangerous leakage current will flow between PV array and the grid due to the stray capacitance. There are different types of configurations available for transformerless inverters like H5, H6, HERIC, oH5, and Dual paralleled buck inverter. But each configuration is suffering from its own disadvantages like high conduction losses, shoot-through issues of switches, dead-time requirements at zero crossing instants of grid voltage to avoid grid shoot-through faults and MOSFET reverse recovery issues. The main objective of the proposed transformerless inverter is to address two key issues: One key issue for a transformerless inverter is that it is necessary to achieve high efficiency compared to other existing inverter topologies. Another key issue is that the inverter configuration should not have any shoot-through issues for higher reliability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid-connected" title="grid-connected">grid-connected</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20%28PV%29%20systems" title=" photovoltaic (PV) systems"> photovoltaic (PV) systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformerless%20inverter" title=" transformerless inverter"> transformerless inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stray%20capacitance" title=" stray capacitance"> stray capacitance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common-mode" title=" common-mode"> common-mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20current" title=" leakage current"> leakage current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20width%20modulation%20%28PWM%29" title=" pulse width modulation (PWM)"> pulse width modulation (PWM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8041/design-and-analysis-of-highly-efficient-and-reliable-single-phase-transformerless-inverter-for-pv-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">173</span> Design and Implementation of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20H.%20Lee">B. H. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter is adopted in various places like as home, factory, because grid-connected PV inverter can reduce total power consumption by supplying electricity from PV array. In this paper, design and implementation of a 300 W grid-connected PV inverter are described. It is implemented with TI Piccolo DSP core and operated at 100 kHz switching frequency in order to reduce harmonic contents. The maximum operating input voltage is up to 45 V. The characteristics of the designed system that include maximum power point tracking (MPPT), single operation and battery charging are verified by simulation and experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title="design">design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid-connected" title=" grid-connected"> grid-connected</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation" title=" implementation"> implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87902/design-and-implementation-of-grid-connected-photovoltaic-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">172</span> Digital Signal Processor Implementation of a Novel Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Algorithm Algorithm for a Reduced Delta Inverter </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Ben%20Rhouma">Asma Ben Rhouma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Hamouda"> Mahmoud Hamouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The delta inverter is considered as the reduced three-phase dc/ac converter topology. It contains only three two-quadrant power switches compared to six in the conventional one. This reduced power conversion topology is widely considered in many industrial applications, such as electric traction and large photovoltaic systems. This paper is focused on a new sinusoidal pulse width modulation algorithm (SPWM) developed for the delta inverter. As an unconventional inverter’s structure, irregular modulating functions waveforms of the SPWM switching technique are generated. The performances of the proposed SPWM technique was proven through computer simulations carried out on a delta inverter feeding a three-phase RL load. Digital Signal Processor (DSP) implementation of the novel SPWM algorithm have been realized on a laboratory prototype of the delta inverter feeding an RL load and a squirrel cage induction motor. Experimental results have highlighted its high performances under the proposed SPWM method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delta%20inverter" title="delta inverter">delta inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPWM" title=" SPWM"> SPWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSP%20implementation" title=" DSP implementation"> DSP implementation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131128/digital-signal-processor-implementation-of-a-novel-sinusoidal-pulse-width-modulation-algorithm-algorithm-for-a-reduced-delta-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">171</span> Grid Connected Photovoltaic Micro Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20Bindhu">S. J. Bindhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwina%20G.%20Rodrigues"> Edwina G. Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jijo%20Balakrishnan"> Jijo Balakrishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) micro inverter with good performance properties is proposed in this paper. The proposed inverter with a quadrupler, having more efficiency and less voltage stress across the diodes. The stress that come across the diodes that use in the inverter section is considerably low in the proposed converter, also the protection scheme that we provided can eliminate the chances of the error due to fault. The proposed converter is implemented using perturb and observe algorithm so that the fluctuation in the voltage can be reduce and can attain maximum power point. Finally, some simulation and experimental results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-DC%20converter" title="DC-DC converter">DC-DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPPT" title=" MPPT"> MPPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrupler" title=" quadrupler"> quadrupler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20panel" title=" PV panel"> PV panel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53399/grid-connected-photovoltaic-micro-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">842</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> A Strategy of Direct Power Control for PWM Rectifier Reducing Ripple in Instantaneous Power</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Mohammed%20Chikouche">T. Mohammed Chikouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Hartani"> K. Hartani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the analysis of basic direct torque control, a parallel master slave for four in-wheel permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) fed by two three phase inverters used in electric vehicle is proposed in this paper. A conventional system with multi-inverter and multi-machine comprises a three phase inverter for each machine to be controlled. Another approach consists in using only one three-phase inverter to supply several permanent magnet synchronous machines. A modified direct torque control (DTC) algorithm is used for the control of the bi-machine traction system. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is well adapted for the synchronism of this system and provide good speed tracking performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-machine%20single-inverter%20system" title=" multi-machine single-inverter system"> multi-machine single-inverter system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-machine%20multi-inverter%20control" title=" multi-machine multi-inverter control"> multi-machine multi-inverter control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-wheel%20motor" title=" in-wheel motor"> in-wheel motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=master-slave%20control" title=" master-slave control"> master-slave control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87696/a-strategy-of-direct-power-control-for-pwm-rectifier-reducing-ripple-in-instantaneous-power" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> A Multilevel-Synthesis Approach with Reduced Number of Switches for 99-Level Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Satish%20Kumar">P. Satish Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Ramu"> V. Ramu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ramakrishna"> K. Ramakrishna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an efficient multilevel wave form synthesis technique is proposed and applied to a 99-level inverter. The basic principle of the proposed scheme is that the continuous output voltage levels can be synthesized by the addition or subtraction of the instantaneous voltages generated from different voltage levels. This synthesis technique can be realized by an array of switching devices composing full-bridge inverter modules and proper mixing of each bi-directional switch modules. The most different aspect, compared to the conventional approach, in the synthesis of the multilevel output waveform is the utilization of a combination of bidirectional switches and full bridge inverter modules with reduced number of components. A 99-level inverter consists of three full-bridge modules and six bi-directional switch modules. The validity of the proposed scheme is verified by the simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascaded%20connection" title="cascaded connection">cascaded connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverter" title=" multilevel inverter"> multilevel inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion" title=" total harmonic distortion"> total harmonic distortion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12054/a-multilevel-synthesis-approach-with-reduced-number-of-switches-for-99-level-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> MPC of Single Phase Inverter for PV System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irtaza%20M.%20Syed">Irtaza M. Syed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaamran%20Raahemifar"> Kaamran Raahemifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) of a utility interactive (UI) single phase inverter (SPI) for a photovoltaic (PV) system at residential/distribution level. The proposed model uses single-phase phase locked loop (PLL) to synchronize SPI with the grid and performs MPC control in a dq reference frame. SPI model consists of boost converter (BC), maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, and a full bridge (FB) voltage source inverter (VSI). No PI regulators to tune and carrier and modulating waves are required to produce switching sequence. Instead, the operational model of VSI is used to synthesize sinusoidal current and track the reference. Model is validated using a three kW PV system at the input of UI-SPI in Matlab/Simulink. Implementation and results demonstrate simplicity and accuracy, as well as reliability of the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20locked%20loop" title="phase locked loop">phase locked loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20source%20inverter" title=" voltage source inverter"> voltage source inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20phase%20inverter" title=" single phase inverter"> single phase inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20predictive%20control" title=" model predictive control"> model predictive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matlab%2FSimulink" title=" Matlab/Simulink"> Matlab/Simulink</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16006/mpc-of-single-phase-inverter-for-pv-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> High-Frequency Half Bridge Inverter Applied to Induction Heating</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Zouaoui">Amira Zouaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Belloumi"> Hamed Belloumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferid%20Kourda"> Ferid Kourda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the analysis and design of a DC–AC resonant converter applied to induction heating. The proposed topology based on the series-parallel half-bridge resonant inverter is described. It can operate with Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVS). At the resonant frequency, the secondary current is amplified over the heating coil with small switching angle, which keeps the reactive power low and permits heating with small current through the resonant inductor and the transformer. The operation and control principle of the proposed high frequency inverter is described and verified through simulated and experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20heating" title="induction heating">induction heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter" title=" inverter"> inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20frequency" title=" high frequency"> high frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant" title=" resonant"> resonant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8100/high-frequency-half-bridge-inverter-applied-to-induction-heating" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Switched Ultracapacitors for Maximizing Energy Supply</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassouh%20K.%20Jaber">Nassouh K. Jaber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Supercapacitors (S.C.) are presently attracting attention for driving general purpose (12VDC to 220VAC) inverters in renewable energy systems. Unfortunately, when the voltage of the S.C supplying the inverter reaches the minimal threshold of 7-8VDC the inverter shuts down leaving the remaining 40% of the valuable energy stored inside the ultracapacitor un-usable. In this work a power electronic circuit is proposed which switches 2 banks of supercapacitors from parallel connection when both are fully charged at 14VDC to serial connection when their voltages drop down to 7 volts, thus keeping the inverter working within its operating limits for a longer time and advantageously tapping almost 92% of the stored energy in the supercapacitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra%20capacitor" title="ultra capacitor">ultra capacitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switched%20ultracapacitors" title=" switched ultracapacitors"> switched ultracapacitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter" title=" inverter"> inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercapacitor" title=" supercapacitor"> supercapacitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20connection" title=" parallel connection"> parallel connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serial%20connection" title=" serial connection"> serial connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20limitation" title=" battery limitation"> battery limitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12182/switched-ultracapacitors-for-maximizing-energy-supply" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> [Keynote Talk]: Implementation of 5 Level and 7 Level Multilevel Inverter in Local Trains of Mumbai</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharvari%20Sane">Sharvari Sane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Sharma"> Swati Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20K.%20Prasad"> Sanjay K. Prasad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Local trains are the lifelines of Mumbai city. Earlier 1500 Volt D.C. supply, is now completely and successfully converted into 25 KV A.C. in central, western and harbour routes. This task is the outcome of the advancement in the area of power electronics. Author has already done the comparative study between D.C. and A.C. supply of traction and predicted the serious problem regarding the harmonics. In this paper, the simulation for 5 level as well as 7 level multilevel inverter has been done which is the substitute for the present cascade type inverter. This paper also showed the reduced level of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the traction system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion%20%28THD%29" title="total harmonic distortion (THD)">total harmonic distortion (THD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traction%20sub%20station%20%28TSS%29" title=" traction sub station (TSS)"> traction sub station (TSS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonics" title=" harmonics"> harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverter" title=" multilevel inverter"> multilevel inverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68258/keynote-talk-implementation-of-5-level-and-7-level-multilevel-inverter-in-local-trains-of-mumbai" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> Control Scheme for Single-Stage Boost Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Ebrahimi">Mohammad Reza Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnaz%20Mahdaviani"> Behnaz Mahdaviani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing renewable sources such photovoltaic are the reason of environmental pollution. Because photovoltaic generates power in low voltage, first, generated power should increase. Usually, distributed generation injects their power to AC-Grid, hence after voltage increasing an inverter is needed to convert DC power to AC power. This results in utilization two series converter that grows cost, complexity, and low efficiency. In this paper a single stage inverter is utilized to boost and invert in one stage. Control of this scheme is easier, and its initial cost decreases comparing to conventional double stage inverters. A simple control scheme is used to control active power as well as minimum total harmonic distortion (THD) in injected current. Simulations in MATLAB demonstrate better outputs comparing with conventional approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20power%20point%20tracking" title="maximum power point tracking">maximum power point tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boost%20inverter" title=" boost inverter"> boost inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20strategy" title=" control strategy"> control strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three%20phase%20inverter" title=" three phase inverter"> three phase inverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47543/control-scheme-for-single-stage-boost-inverter-for-grid-connected-photovoltaic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> Model Predictive Control of Three Phase Inverter for PV Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irtaza%20M.%20Syed">Irtaza M. Syed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaamran%20Raahemifar"> Kaamran Raahemifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) of a utility interactive three phase inverter (TPI) for a photovoltaic (PV) system at commercial level. The proposed model uses phase locked loop (PLL) to synchronize TPI with the power electric grid (PEG) and performs MPC control in a dq reference frame. TPI model consists of boost converter (BC), maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, and a three leg voltage source inverter (VSI). Operational model of VSI is used to synthesize sinusoidal current and track the reference. Model is validated using a 35.7 kW PV system in Matlab/Simulink. Implementation and results show simplicity and accuracy, as well as reliability of the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20predictive%20control" title="model predictive control">model predictive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three%20phase%20voltage%20source%20inverter" title=" three phase voltage source inverter"> three phase voltage source inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20system" title=" PV system"> PV system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matlab%2Fsimulink" title=" Matlab/simulink"> Matlab/simulink</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40124/model-predictive-control-of-three-phase-inverter-for-pv-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> Design and Implementation of 3kVA Grid-Tied Transformerless Power Inverter for Solar Photovoltaic Application </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20O.%20Johnson">Daniel O. Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiodun%20A.%20Ogunseye"> Abiodun A. Ogunseye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20Aransiola"> Aaron Aransiola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majors%20Samuel"> Majors Samuel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power Inverter is a very important device in renewable energy use particularly for solar photovoltaic power application because it is the effective interface between the DC power generator and the load or the grid. Transformerless inverter is getting more and more preferred to the power converter with galvanic isolation transformer and may eventually supplant it. Transformerless inverter offers advantages of improved DC to AC conversion and power delivery efficiency; and reduced system cost, weight and complexity. This work presents thorough analysis of the design and prototyping of 3KVA grid-tie transformerless inverter. The inverter employs electronic switching method with minimised heat generation in the system and operates based on the principle of pulse-width modulation (PWM). The design is such that it can take two inputs, one from PV arrays and the other from Battery Energy Storage BES and addresses the safety challenge of leakage current. The inverter system was designed around microcontroller system, modeled with Proteus® software for simulation and testing of the viability of the designed inverter circuit. The firmware governing the operation of the grid-tied inverter is written in C language and was developed using MicroC software by Mikroelectronica® for writing sine wave signal code for synchronization to the grid. The simulation results show that the designed inverter circuit performs excellently with very high efficiency, good quality sinusoidal output waveform, negligible harmonics and gives very stable performance under voltage variation from 36VDC to 60VDC input. The prototype confirmed the simulated results and was successfully synchronized with the utility supply. The comprehensive analyses of the circuit design, the prototype and explanation on overall performance will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid-tied%20inverter" title="grid-tied inverter">grid-tied inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20current" title=" leakage current"> leakage current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20system" title=" photovoltaic system"> photovoltaic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20electronic" title=" power electronic"> power electronic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformerless%20inverter" title=" transformerless inverter"> transformerless inverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80748/design-and-implementation-of-3kva-grid-tied-transformerless-power-inverter-for-solar-photovoltaic-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> An Improved Parameter Identification Method for Three Phase Induction Motor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Zhao">Liang Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong-quan%20Zhong"> Chong-quan Zhong </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to improve the control performance of vector inverter, an improved parameter identification solution for induction motor is proposed in this paper. Dc or AC voltage is applied to the induction motor using the SVPWM through the inverter. Then stator resistance, stator leakage inductance, rotor resistance, rotor leakage inductance and mutual inductance are obtained according to the signal response. The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is used to deal with the noise and harmonic. The impact on parameter identification caused by delays in the inverter switch tube, tube voltage drop and dead-time is avoided by effective compensation measures. Finally, the parameter identification experiment is conducted based on the vector inverter which using TMS320F2808 DSP as the core processor and results show that the strategy is verified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20inverter" title="vector inverter">vector inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20identification" title=" parameter identification"> parameter identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVPWM%3B%20DFT" title=" SVPWM; DFT"> SVPWM; DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dead-time%20compensation" title=" dead-time compensation"> dead-time compensation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58286/an-improved-parameter-identification-method-for-three-phase-induction-motor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> Analysis on Solar Panel Performance and PV-Inverter Configuration for Tropical Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eko%20Adhi%20Setiawan">Eko Adhi Setiawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duli%20Asih%20Siregar"> Duli Asih Siregar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Setiawan"> Aiman Setiawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar energy is abundant in nature, particularly in the tropics which have peak sun hour that can reach 8 hours per day. In the fabrication process, Photovoltaic’s (PV) performance are tested in standard test conditions (STC). It specifies a module temperature of 25°C, an irradiance of 1000 W/ m² with an air mass 1.5 (AM1.5) spectrum and zero wind speed. Thus, the results of the performance testing of PV at STC conditions cannot fully represent the performance of PV in the tropics. For example Indonesia, which has a temperature of 20-40°C. In this paper, the effect of temperature on the choice of the 5 kW AC inverter topology on the PV system such as the Central Inverter, String Inverter and AC-Module specifically for the tropics will be discussed. The proper inverter topology can be determined by analysis of the effect of temperature and irradiation on the PV panel. The effect of temperature and irradiation will be represented in the characteristics of I-V and P-V curves. PV’s characteristics on high temperature would be analyzed using Solar panel modeling through MATLAB Simulink based on mathematical equations that form Solar panel’s characteristic curve. Based on PV simulation, it is known then that temperature coefficients of short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), and maximum output power (PMAX) consecutively as high as 0.56%/oC, -0.31%/oC and -0.4%/oC. Those coefficients can be used to calculate PV’s electrical parameters such as ISC, VOC, and PMAX in certain earth’s surface’s certain point. Then, from the parameters, the utility of the 5 kW AC inverter system can be determined. As the result, for tropical area, string inverter topology has the highest utility rates with 98, 80 %. On the other hand, central inverter and AC-Module Topology has utility rates of 92.69 % and 87.7 % eventually. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Photovoltaic" title="Photovoltaic">Photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV-Inverter%20Configuration" title=" PV-Inverter Configuration"> PV-Inverter Configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20Modeling" title=" PV Modeling"> PV Modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solar%20Panel%20Characteristics." title=" Solar Panel Characteristics."> Solar Panel Characteristics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39210/analysis-on-solar-panel-performance-and-pv-inverter-configuration-for-tropical-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> A Comparative Analysis of Multicarrier SPWM Strategies for Five-Level Flying Capacitor Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Belmadani">Bachir Belmadani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Taleb"> Rachid Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zinelaabidine%20Boudjema"> Zinelaabidine Boudjema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Yahdou"> Adil Yahdou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carrier-based methods have been used widely for switching of multilevel inverters due to their simplicity, flexibility and reduced computational requirements compared to space vector modulation (SVM). This paper focuses on Multicarrier Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (MCSPWM) strategy for the three phase Five-Level Flying Capacitor Inverter (5LFCI). The inverter is simulated for Induction Motor (IM) load and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for output waveforms is observed for different controlling schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flying%20capacitor%20inverter" title="flying capacitor inverter">flying capacitor inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicarrier%20sinusoidal%20pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation"> multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20vector%20modulation" title=" space vector modulation"> space vector modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion" title=" total harmonic distortion"> total harmonic distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title=" induction motor"> induction motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45816/a-comparative-analysis-of-multicarrier-spwm-strategies-for-five-level-flying-capacitor-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> Capacitive Coupling Wireless Power Transfer System with 6.78 MHz Class D Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Hyun%20Yi">Kang Hyun Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless power transfer technologies are inductive coupling, magnetic resonance, and capacitive coupling methods, typically. Among them, the capacitive coupling wireless power transfer, also named Capacitive Coupling Wireless Power Transfer (CCWPT), has been researched to overcome the drawbacks of other approaches. The CCWPT has many advantages such as a simple structure, low standing power loss, reduced Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and the ability to transfer power through metal barriers. In this paper, the CCWPT system with 6.78MHz class D inverter is proposed and analyzed. The proposed system is consisted of the 6.78MHz class D inverter with the LC low pass filter, the capacitor between a transmitter and a receiver and impedance transformers. The system is verified with a prototype for charging mobile devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20power%20transfer" title="wireless power transfer">wireless power transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20coupling%20power%20transfer" title=" capacitive coupling power transfer"> capacitive coupling power transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=class%20D%20inverter" title=" class D inverter"> class D inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=6.78MHz" title=" 6.78MHz"> 6.78MHz</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14367/capacitive-coupling-wireless-power-transfer-system-with-678-mhz-class-d-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">650</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> Implementation of Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation Techniques in Multilevel Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Suresh%20Kumar">M. Suresh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ramani"> K. Ramani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposed the Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation for the minimization of Total Harmonic Distortion in Cascaded H-Bridge Multi-Level Inverter. Multicarrier Pulse Width Modulation method uses Alternate Position of Disposition scheme to determine the appropriate switching angle to Multi-Level Inverter. In this paper simulation results shows that the validation of Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation method does capably eliminate a great number of precise harmonics and minimize the Total Harmonic Distortion value in output voltage waveform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternate%20position" title="alternate position">alternate position</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20fourier%20analysis" title=" fast fourier analysis"> fast fourier analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-carrier%20pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" multi-carrier pulse width modulation"> multi-carrier pulse width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%20inverter" title=" multi-level inverter"> multi-level inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion" title=" total harmonic distortion"> total harmonic distortion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31826/implementation-of-multi-carrier-pulse-width-modulation-techniques-in-multilevel-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">647</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Inverter Based Gain-Boosting Fully Differential CMOS Amplifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alpana%20Agarwal">Alpana Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhil%20Sharma"> Akhil Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents a fully differential CMOS amplifier consisting of two self-biased gain boosted inverter stages, that provides an alternative to the power hungry operational amplifier. The self-biasing avoids the use of external biasing circuitry, thus reduces the die area, design efforts, and power consumption. In the present work, regulated cascode technique has been employed for gain boosting. The Miller compensation is also applied to enhance the phase margin. The circuit has been designed and simulated in 1.8 V 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The simulation results show a high DC gain of 100.7 dB, Unity-Gain Bandwidth of 107.8 MHz, and Phase Margin of 66.7<sup>o</sup> with a power dissipation of 286 μW and makes it suitable candidate for the high resolution pipelined ADCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS%20amplifier" title="CMOS amplifier">CMOS amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain%20boosting" title=" gain boosting"> gain boosting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter-based%20amplifier" title=" inverter-based amplifier"> inverter-based amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-biased%20inverter" title=" self-biased inverter"> self-biased inverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64250/inverter-based-gain-boosting-fully-differential-cmos-amplifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Real-Time Control of Grid-Connected Inverter Based on labVIEW</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Benbaouche">L. Benbaouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20E."> H. E. </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Krim"> F. Krim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we propose real-time control of grid-connected single phase inverter, which is flexible and efficient. The first step is devoted to the study and design of the controller through simulation, conducted by the LabVIEW software on the computer 'host'. The second step is running the application from PXI 'target'. LabVIEW software, combined with NI-DAQmx, gives the tools to easily build applications using the digital to analog converter to generate the PWM control signals. Experimental results show that the effectiveness of LabVIEW software applied to power electronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20control" title="real-time control">real-time control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labview" title=" labview"> labview</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter" title=" inverter"> inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM" title=" PWM"> PWM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3102/real-time-control-of-grid-connected-inverter-based-on-labview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System: System Overview and Sizing Principles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najiya%20Omar">Najiya Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Aly"> Hamed Aly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Little"> Timothy Little</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The optimal size of a photovoltaic (PV) array is considered a critical factor in designing an efficient PV system due to the dependence of the PV cell performance on temperature. A high temperature can lead to voltage losses of solar panels, whereas a low temperature can cause voltage overproduction. There are two possible scenarios of the inverter’s operation in which they are associated with the erroneous calculations of the number of PV panels: 1) If the number of the panels is scant and the temperature is high, the minimum voltage required to operate the inverter will not be reached. As a result, the inverter will shut down. 2) Comparably, if the number of panels is excessive and the temperature is low, the produced voltage will be more than the maximum limit of the inverter which can cause the inverter to get disconnected or even damaged. This article aims to assess theoretical and practical methodologies to calculate size and determine the topology of a PV array. The results are validated by applying an experimental evaluation for a 100 kW Grid-connected PV system for a location in Halifax, Nova Scotia and achieving a satisfactory system performance compared to the previous work done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sizing%20PV%20panels" title="sizing PV panels">sizing PV panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20and%20practical%20methodologies" title=" theoretical and practical methodologies"> theoretical and practical methodologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topology%20of%20PV%20array" title=" topology of PV array"> topology of PV array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid-connected%20PV" title=" grid-connected PV"> grid-connected PV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130722/grid-connected-photovoltaic-system-system-overview-and-sizing-principles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Implementation of a Novel Modified Multilevel Inverter Topology for Grid Connected PV System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhivya%20Balakrishnan">Dhivya Balakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhamodharan%20Shanmugam"> Dhamodharan Shanmugam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multilevel converters offer high power capability, associated with lower output harmonics and lower commutation losses. Their main disadvantage is their complexity requiring a great number of power devices and passive components, and a rather complex control circuitry. This paper proposes a single-phase seven-level inverter for grid connected PV systems, With a novel pulse width-modulated (PWM) control scheme. Three reference signals that are identical to each other with an offset that is equivalent to the amplitude of the triangular carrier signal were used to generate the PWM signals. The inverter is capable of producing seven levels of output-voltage levels from the dc supply voltage. This paper proposes a new multilevel inverter topology using an H-bridge output stage with two bidirectional auxiliary switches. The new topology produces a significant reduction in the number of power devices and capacitors required to implement a multilevel output using the asymmetric cascade configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20cascade%20configuration" title="asymmetric cascade configuration">asymmetric cascade configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H-Bridge" title=" H-Bridge"> H-Bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverter" title=" multilevel inverter"> multilevel inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pulse%20Width%20Modulation%20%28PWM%29" title=" Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)"> Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1763/implementation-of-a-novel-modified-multilevel-inverter-topology-for-grid-connected-pv-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-biased%20inverter&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-biased%20inverter&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-biased%20inverter&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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