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<span>Turkish beys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish_beys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beys_elsewhere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beys_elsewhere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Beys elsewhere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beys_elsewhere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bei" title="Bei – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bei" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%83" title="بك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99y" title="Bəy – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bəy" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="بی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF)" title="বেগ (পদবি) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেগ (পদবি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Бей – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бей" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Бей – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бей" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Бэй – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэй" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Бей – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бей" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beg" title="Beg – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Beg" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bei" title="Bei – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bei" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bej" title="Bej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey_(Titel)" title="Bey (Titel) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bey (Titel)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bei" title="Bei – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bei" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Μπέης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπέης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF" title="بیگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey_(titre)" title="Bey (titre) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bey (titre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4" title="베이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Բեյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC" title="बेग़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेग़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beg" title="Beg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Beg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey_(carica)" title="Bey (carica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bey (carica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99" title="ביי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="ბეგი (ტიტული) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეგი (ტიტული)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8_(%D1%82%D2%B1%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0)" title="Би (тұлға) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Би (тұлға)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Бек – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beigus" title="Beigus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Beigus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bejs" title="Bejs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bejs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajus" title="Bajus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bajus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bej" title="Bej – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bej" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Бег – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бег" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87" title="رتبة البكويه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رتبة البكويه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bei" title="Bei – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bei" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%82%B0" title="ベグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bek" title="Bek – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bek" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87" title="ਬੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF" title="بیگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بیگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bej" title="Bej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bei" title="Bei – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bei" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bek" title="Bek – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bek" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bei" title="Bei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Бей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beu" title="Beu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Beu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bej" title="Bej – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bej" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beg" title="Beg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Beg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Бег – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бег" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beg" title="Beg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Beg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bej" title="Bej – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bej" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A4k" title="Bäk – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Bäk" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="เบย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Бек – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бек" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB)" title="Бей (титул) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бей (титул)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF" title="بیگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey" title="Bey – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bey" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Baig" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Baig_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig (disambiguation)">Baig (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uyghur_General_Khojis_(-1781),_governor_of_Turfan,_who_later_settled_in_Beijing._Painting_by_a_European_Jesuit_artist_at_the_Chinese_court_in_1775.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Uyghur_General_Khojis_%28-1781%29%2C_governor_of_Turfan%2C_who_later_settled_in_Beijing._Painting_by_a_European_Jesuit_artist_at_the_Chinese_court_in_1775.png/220px-Uyghur_General_Khojis_%28-1781%29%2C_governor_of_Turfan%2C_who_later_settled_in_Beijing._Painting_by_a_European_Jesuit_artist_at_the_Chinese_court_in_1775.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="440" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Uyghur_General_Khojis_%28-1781%29%2C_governor_of_Turfan%2C_who_later_settled_in_Beijing._Painting_by_a_European_Jesuit_artist_at_the_Chinese_court_in_1775.png/330px-Uyghur_General_Khojis_%28-1781%29%2C_governor_of_Turfan%2C_who_later_settled_in_Beijing._Painting_by_a_European_Jesuit_artist_at_the_Chinese_court_in_1775.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Uyghur_General_Khojis_%28-1781%29%2C_governor_of_Turfan%2C_who_later_settled_in_Beijing._Painting_by_a_European_Jesuit_artist_at_the_Chinese_court_in_1775.png/440px-Uyghur_General_Khojis_%28-1781%29%2C_governor_of_Turfan%2C_who_later_settled_in_Beijing._Painting_by_a_European_Jesuit_artist_at_the_Chinese_court_in_1775.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="5116" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> General <a href="/wiki/Khojis" title="Khojis">Khojis</a> (d. 1781), bey of Turfan, who later settled in Beijing; painting by a European Jesuit artist at the Chinese court in 1775<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bey</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also spelled as <b>Baig</b>, <b>Bayg</b>, <b>Beigh</b>, <b>Beig</b>, <b>Bek</b>, <b>Baeg, Begh,</b> or <b>Beg</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> title for a <a href="/wiki/Chieftain" class="mw-redirect" title="Chieftain">chieftain</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">honorific</a> title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in the numerous Turkic kingdoms, emirates, sultanates and empires in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurids</a> or the various <a href="/wiki/Khanates" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanates">khanates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">emirates</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe" title="Eurasian Steppe">Eurasian Steppe</a>. The feminine equivalent title was <a href="/wiki/Begum" title="Begum">begum</a>. The regions or provinces where "beys" ruled or which they administered were called <i><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">beylik</a></i>, roughly meaning "governorate" or "region" (the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_duchy" title="Grand duchy">grand duchy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a> in Europe, depending on the size and importance of the <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">beylik</a>). However the exact scope of power handed to the beks (alternative spelling to beys) varied with each country, thus there was no clear-cut system, rigidly applied to all countries defining all the possible power and prestige that came along with the title. </p><p>Today, the word is still used formally as a social title for men, similar to the way the titles "<a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">sir</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Mister" class="mw-redirect" title="Mister">mister</a>" are used in the English language. Additionally, it is widely used in the naming customs of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, namely in countries such as <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>. Notably, the ethnic designation of <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> comes from the name of <a href="/wiki/%C3%96z_Beg_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Öz Beg Khan">Öz Beg Khan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>, being an example of the usage of this word in personal names and even names of whole ethnic groups. The general rule is that the honorific is used with first names and not with surnames or last names. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word entered English from <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">bey</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-m-w_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m-w-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> itself derived from <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic" title="Old Turkic">Old Turkic</a> <i>beg</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ahd_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahd-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which – in the form <i>bäg</i> – has been mentioned as early as in the <a href="/wiki/Orkhon_inscriptions" title="Orkhon inscriptions">Orkhon inscriptions</a> (8th century AD) and is usually translated as "tribal leader".<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual origin of the word is still disputed, though it is mostly agreed that it was a loan-word,<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Old Turkic.<sup id="cite_ref-Nisanyan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nisanyan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Turkic word is usually considered a borrowing from an Iranian language.<sup id="cite_ref-Gluhak_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gluhak-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, German Turkologist <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Doerfer" title="Gerhard Doerfer">Gerhard Doerfer</a> assessed the derivation from Iranian as superficially attractive but quite uncertain,<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pointed out the possibility that the word may be genuinely <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two principal etymologies have been proposed by scholars: </p> <ol><li>the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> title <i>bag</i> (also <i>baγ</i> or <i>βaγ</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#Old_Iranian" title="Iranian languages">Old Iranian</a> <i>baga</i>; cf. <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> भग / <i><a href="/wiki/Bhaga" title="Bhaga">bhaga</a></i>) meaning "lord" and "master".<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Benjamin_Golden" title="Peter Benjamin Golden">Peter Golden</a> derives the word via <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a> <i>bġy</i> from the same <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a> root.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#Middle_Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Middle Iranian</a> languages retain forms derived from <i>baga-</i> in the sense "god": Middle Persian <i>bay</i> (plur. <i>bayān</i>, <i>baʾān</i>), <a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a> <i>baγ</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bactrian_language" title="Bactrian language">Bactrian</a> <i>bago</i>, Sogdian <i>βγ-</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were used as honorific titles of kings and other men of high rank in the meaning of "lord".<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Iranian <i>bāy</i> (through connection with Old Indian noun <i>bhāgá</i> "possessions, lot"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) gave Turkish word <i>bai</i> (rich), whence Mongol name <i>Bayan</i> (rich).<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gluhak_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gluhak-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Chinese</a> title <i>pö</i> (伯 <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <i>bó</i>; its historical pronunciation being <i>pök</i> or <i>pak</i> or <i>pe<sup>r</sup>jk</i>, as reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Pulleyblank" title="Edwin G. Pulleyblank">Edwin Pulleyblank</a>), meaning <i>older brother</i> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_nobility#Male_aristocracy" title="Chinese nobility"><i>feudal lord</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>It was also used by the <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a>. It permitted the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> Begs in the <a href="/wiki/Altishahr" title="Altishahr">Altishahr</a> region to maintain their previous status, and they administered the area for the <a href="/wiki/Qing" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing">Qing</a> as officials.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-ranking Begs were allowed to call themselves Begs.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turkish_beys">Turkish beys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Turkish beys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Mary_Jane_Garnett" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucy Mary Jane Garnett">Lucy Mary Jane Garnett</a> wrote in the 1904 work <i>Turkish Life in Town and Country</i> that "distinguished persons and their sons" as well as "high government officials" could become <i>bey</i>, which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our '<a href="/wiki/Esquire" title="Esquire">Esquire</a>' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]".<sup id="cite_ref-Garnettp5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garnettp5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beys_elsewhere">Beys elsewhere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beys elsewhere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Bey_in_Arab_regions"></span> The title <i>bey</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بيه</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Egyptian Arabic pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="arz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">[beː]</a></span>) was also called <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">beyk</i></span> or <i>bek</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بيك</span></span>) – from Turkish <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language romanization"><i lang="ota-Latn">beyg</i></span> (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">بيـگ</span></span>) – in North Africa, including Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A bey could maintain a similar office within Arab states that broke away from the <a href="/wiki/High_Porte" class="mw-redirect" title="High Porte">High Porte</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ali Dynasty">Muhammad Ali Dynasty</a>, where it was a rank below <a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">pasha</a> (maintained in two rank classes after 1922), and a title of courtesy for a pasha's son. </p><p>Even much earlier, the virtual sovereign's title in Barbaresque North African 'regency' states was "Bey" (compare <a href="/wiki/Dey" title="Dey">Dey</a>). Notably in <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WDL1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Husainid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Husainid Dynasty">Husainid Dynasty</a> used a whole series of title and styles including Bey: </p> <ul><li>Just <b>Bey</b> itself was part of the territorial title of the ruler, and also as a title used by all male members of the family (rather like Sultan in the Ottoman dynasty).</li> <li><b>Bey al-Kursi</b> "Bey of the Throne", a term equivalent to reigning prince.</li> <li><b>Bey al-Mahalla</b> "Bey of the Camp", title used for the next most senior member of the Beylical family after the reigning Bey, the Heir Apparent to the throne.</li> <li><b>Bey al-Taula</b> "Bey of the Table", the title of the Heir Presumptive, the eldest prince of the Beylical family, who enjoyed precedence immediately after the Bey al-Mahalla.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beylerbey" title="Beylerbey">Beylerbeyi</a></b> (or Beglerbegi) "Lord of Lords", was the administrative rank formally enjoyed by the ruler of Algiers and by rulers of parts of the Balkans in their official capacity of Ottoman Governor-General within the Turkish empire.This title was also used in Safavid empire.</li></ul> <p><b>Bey</b> was also the title that was awarded by the Sultan of Turkey in the twilight of the Ottoman Empire to <a href="/wiki/Oloye" class="mw-redirect" title="Oloye">Oloye</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shitta_Bey" title="Mohammed Shitta Bey">Mohammed Shitta</a>, an African merchant prince of the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba people</a> who served as a senior leader of the Muslim community in the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>. Subsequently, he and his children became known in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_surname" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-barrelled surname">double-barrelled surname</a> <b>Shitta-Bey</b>, a tradition which has survived to the present day through their lineal descendants. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> period, the lords of the semi-autonomous <a href="/wiki/Mani_Peninsula" title="Mani Peninsula">Mani Peninsula</a> used the title of <i>beis</i> (μπέης); for example, <a href="/wiki/Petros_Mavromichalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Petros Mavromichalis">Petros Mavromichalis</a> was known as <i>Petrobey</i>. </p><p>Other Beys saw their own <i>Beylik</i> promoted to statehood, e.g.: </p> <ul><li>in <a href="/wiki/Qusantina" class="mw-redirect" title="Qusantina">Qusantina</a> (Constantine in French), an Ottoman district subject to the <a href="/wiki/Algiers_regency" class="mw-redirect" title="Algiers regency">Algiers regency</a> since 1525 (had its own Beys since 1567), the last incumbent, Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif (b. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1784</span>, in office 1826–1848, d. 1850), was maintained when in 1826 the local <a href="/wiki/Kabyle_people" title="Kabyle people">Kabyle</a> population declared independence, and when it was on 13 October 1837 conquered by France, until it was incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> in 1848.</li></ul> <p>Bey or a variation has also been used as an aristocratic title in various Turkic states, such as <i>Bäk</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatar">Tatar</a> <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Khanate of Kazan</a>, in charge of a Beylik called <i>Bäklek</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbek</a> <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Emirate of Bukhara</a> and The <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kokand" title="Khanate of Kokand">Khanate of Kokand</a> used the "beks" as local administrations of "bekliks" or provinces. The <a href="/wiki/Balkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkar">Balkar</a> princes in the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a> highlands were known as <i>taubiy</i> (taubey), meaning the "mountainous chief". </p><p>Sometimes a Bey was a territorial vassal within a khanate, as in each of the three <i>zuzes</i> under the <a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a> of the Kazakhs. </p><p>The variation <i>Beg</i>, <i>Baig</i> or <i>Bai</i>, is still used as a family name or a part of a name in South and Central Asia as well as the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a>-influenced names, it can be seen in conjunction with the Slavic <i>-ov/-ović/ev</i> suffixes meaning "son of", such as in <a href="/wiki/Bakir_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Bakir Izetbegović">Bakir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abai_Qunanbaiuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Abai Qunanbaiuli">Abai Kunanbaev</a>. </p><p>The title is also used as an honorific by members of the <a href="/wiki/Moorish_Science_Temple_of_America" title="Moorish Science Temple of America">Moorish Science Temple of America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Moorish_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish Orthodox Church">Moorish Orthodox Church</a>. </p><p>'Bey' is also used colloquially in <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>-speaking parts of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and its usage is similar to "chap" or "man". When used aggressively, it is an offensive term. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> word 'bő' originates from an Old Turkic loanword, cognate with Ottoman 'bey', that used to mean 'clan leader' in Old Hungarian. Later, as an adjective, it acquired the meaning of "rich". Its contemporary meaning is "ample" or "baggy" (when referring to clothing). <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">بك</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ottoman_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ottoman Turkish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ottoman Turkish-language romanization"><i lang="ota-Latn">beğ</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">bey</i>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">bəy</i>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a>: <i lang="tk">beg</i>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a>: <span lang="uz">бек</span>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>: <span lang="kk">би/бек</span>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>: <span lang="ky">бий/бек</span>, <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a>: <span lang="tt-Cyrl">бәк</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Tatar-language romanization"><i lang="tt-Latn">bäk</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Shor_language" title="Shor language">Shor</a>: <span lang="cjs">пий/пек</span>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">beu/bej</i>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">beg</i>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <i lang="sr">beg</i>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">بیگ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">beyg</i></span>/<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">beig</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a>: <span lang="tg">бек</span>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بيه, بك</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">bēh, bek</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biy" title="Biy">Biy</a> – a judge and senator in <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh khanate">Kazakh khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum" title="Begum">Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylerbey" title="Beylerbey">Beylerbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begzada" title="Begzada">Begzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dey" title="Dey">Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khagan_Bek" title="Khagan Bek">Khagan Bek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Baianai" title="Bai Baianai">Bai Baianai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Anatolian beyliks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman titles">Ottoman titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaza_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Abaza Family">Abaza Family</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polypm.com.cn/news/detail/3934/14">"北京保利国际拍卖有限公司"</a>. <i>polypm.com.cn</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=polypm.com.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%BF%9D%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%8B%8D%E5%8D%96%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polypm.com.cn%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2F3934%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m-w-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m-w_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/bey">"Bey"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/17/B0221700.html">the original</a> on 8 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=Bey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F61%2F17%2FB0221700.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/beg-pers">"Beg"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eurasian+Crossroads%3A+A+History+of+Xinjiang&rft.pages=101&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0231139243&rft.aulast=Millward&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8FVsWq31MtMC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF" class="citation book cs1">Crossley, Pamela Kyle; Siu, Helen F.; Sutton, Donald S., eds. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EtNVMUx9qIIC&pg=PA121"><i>Empire at the Margins: Culture, Ethnicity, and Frontier in Early Modern China</i></a>. Studies on China. Vol. 28 (illustrated ed.). University of California Press. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520230159" title="Special:BookSources/0520230159"><bdi>0520230159</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+at+the+Margins%3A+Culture%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Frontier+in+Early+Modern+China&rft.series=Studies+on+China&rft.pages=121&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0520230159&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEtNVMUx9qIIC%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_A._Millward1998" class="citation book cs1">James A. Millward (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA204"><i>Beyond the pass: economy, ethnicity, and empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2933-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2933-6"><bdi>0-8047-2933-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+pass%3A+economy%2C+ethnicity%2C+and+empire+in+Qing+Central+Asia%2C+1759-1864&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8047-2933-6&rft.au=James+A.+Millward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMC6sAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garnettp5-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garnettp5_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Garnett" title="Lucy Garnett">Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane</a>. <i>Turkish Life in Town and Country</i>. <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a>, 1904. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t5Q4AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5">5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, Stanford J. and Ezel Kural Shaw. <i>History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey</i> (Volume II). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 27 May 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521291666" title="Special:BookSources/0521291666">0521291666</a>, 9780521291668. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AIET_7ji7YAC&pg=PA386">386</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcel1837" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marcel, Jean Joseph (1837). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fj8PAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA90"><i>Vocabulaire français-arabe des dialectes vulgaires africains: d'Alger, de Tunis, de Marok, et d'Égypte</i></a> (in French). C. Hingray. p. 90. <q><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بيك</span></span> beyk, bey.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocabulaire+fran%C3%A7ais-arabe+des+dialectes+vulgaires+africains%3A+d%27Alger%2C+de+Tunis%2C+de+Marok%2C+et+d%27%C3%89gypte&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=C.+Hingray&rft.date=1837&rft.aulast=Marcel&rft.aufirst=Jean+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFj8PAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJomard1826" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jomard, Edme-François (1826). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=egr1I-6j81YC&pg=PA475"><i>Description de l'Egypte</i></a> (in French). C. L. F. Panckoucke. p. 475. <q>Le mot <i>sangiaq</i> est un nom de dignité, synonyme de celui de <i>bey</i> (<i>beyk</i> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بيك</span></span>, ou, suivant l'orthographe de la prononciation turques, <i>beyg</i> <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">بيـگ</span></span>).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+de+l%27Egypte&rft.pages=475&rft.pub=C.+L.+F.+Panckoucke&rft.date=1826&rft.aulast=Jomard&rft.aufirst=Edme-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Degr1I-6j81YC%26pg%3DPA475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABey" class="Z3988"></span> Summary: <a href="/wiki/Sanjaq-bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjaq-bey">sanjaq-bey</a> ≈ bey = beyk = beyg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N78-DTow-8sC&pg=PA484"><i>Journal asiatique</i></a> (in French). 1854. p. 484. <q>Le titre de <i>beg</i> <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">بيـگ</span></span> (prononcé <i>bey</i>) ou bek <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بيى</span></span>, qui, en Barbie est écrit et prononcé <i>bâï</i> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بك</span></span> est proprement un mot turc.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+asiatique&rft.pages=484&rft.date=1854&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN78-DTow-8sC%26pg%3DPA484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WDL1_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2502">"Private Drawing Room, I, Kasr-el-Said, Tunisia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a>. 1899<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Private+Drawing+Room%2C+I%2C+Kasr-el-Said%2C+Tunisia&rft.pub=World+Digital+Library&rft.date=1899&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F2502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTótfalusi2005" class="citation book cs1">Tótfalusi, István (2005). "bő". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Lexikonok-magyar-etimologiai-szotar-F14D3/b-F1794/bo-F1993/?list=eyJmaWx0ZXJzIjogeyJNVSI6IFsiTkZPX0xFWF9MZXhpa29ub2tfRjE0RDMiXX0sICJxdWVyeSI6ICJiXHUwMTUxIn0"><i>Magyar Etimológiai Szótár</i></a>. Budapest: Arcanum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=b%C5%91&rft.btitle=Magyar+Etimol%C3%B3giai+Sz%C3%B3t%C3%A1r&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=Arcanum&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=T%C3%B3tfalusi&rft.aufirst=Istv%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.com%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FLexikonok-magyar-etimologiai-szotar-F14D3%2Fb-F1794%2Fbo-F1993%2F%3Flist%3DeyJmaWx0ZXJzIjogeyJNVSI6IFsiTkZPX0xFWF9MZXhpa29ub2tfRjE0RDMiXX0sICJxdWVyeSI6ICJiXHUwMTUxIn0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bey" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:bey">bey</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-cias.com/e.o/bey.htm">"Bey"</a> at <i>Encyclopaedia of the Orient</i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of Osman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Ottoman dynasty</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman Caliphate</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraglio" title="Seraglio">Seraglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Imperial_Harem" title="Ottoman Imperial Harem">Imperial Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ender%C3%BBn" title="Enderûn">Enderûn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_School" title="Palace School">Palace Schools</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Council_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Imperial Council (Ottoman Empire)">Imperial Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Porte</a>)<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(classical period)</i></span> </div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_grand_viziers" title="List of Ottoman grand viziers">Grand Vizier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">Viziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazasker" title="Kazasker">Kazaskers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_Ministers_of_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ottoman Ministers of Finance">Defterdars/Ministers of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%9Fanc%C4%B1" title="Nişancı">Nişancı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reis_%C3%BCl-K%C3%BCttab" title="Reis ül-Küttab">Reis ül-Küttab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragoman_of_the_Porte" title="Dragoman of the Porte">Dragoman of the Porte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir%C3%BBn" title="Birûn">Birûn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Government_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)">Imperial Government</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(reform period)</i></span> </div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadastre_Bureau_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Cadastre Bureau (Ottoman Empire)">Cadastre Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Evkaf" title="Ministry of Evkaf">Ministry of Evkaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Ministry of Finance (Ottoman Empire)">Ministry of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Empire)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Ottoman Empire)">Ministry of the Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Ministry of Justice (Ottoman Empire)">Ministry of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_and_Agriculture_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Ministry of Trade and Agriculture (Ottoman Empire)">Ministry of Trade and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_War_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Ministry of War (Ottoman Empire)">Ministry of War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire">General Assembly</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(constitutional period)</i></span> </div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Senate of the Ottoman Empire">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Empire)">Chamber of Deputies</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of political parties in the Ottoman Empire">political parties</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ottoman "Arma" symbol"><img alt="Ottoman "Arma" symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Islam in the Ottoman Empire">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_ul-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh ul-Islam">Sheikh ul-Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Christianity in the Ottoman Empire">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople">Armenian Apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Syriac_Orthodox_Patriarchs_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch">Syriac Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Patriarch_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Patriarch of Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in the Ottoman Empire">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakham_Bashi" title="Hakham Bashi">Hakham Bashi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Provincial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eyalet" title="Eyalet">Eyalets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beylerbey" title="Beylerbey">Beylerbeys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">Vilayets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">Sanjaks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjakbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjakbey">Sanjakbeys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutasarr%C4%B1f" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutasarrıf">Mutasarrifates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza">Kazas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kadiluk" title="Kadiluk">Kadiluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassal_and_tributary_states_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire">Vassal and tributary states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raya_(country_subdivision)" title="Raya (country subdivision)">Rayas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181217#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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