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class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"security_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/security"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Security</div> Find and fix vulnerabilities </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"actions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"actions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/actions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 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0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M1.5 4.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v12.5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-9.69l-3.573 3.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 5 21.043V18.5H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM3.25 4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.19l3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h10a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V4.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Review</div> Manage code changes </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"discussions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"discussions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/discussions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" 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3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="feedback-dialog-title"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="C7Z0j821NxLlZf8FL3F8XhJBC5lrvP5L4JaZhp/SNRU4RiQ3ktGe1mRYZFxVD2Voiu84i0t+FaOVe9EcbxTNXw==" /> <p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> 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src="/search/custom_scopes/check_name" required> <input type="text" name="custom_scope_name" id="custom_scope_name" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesNameField" class="form-control" autocomplete="off" placeholder="github-ruby" required maxlength="50"> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="ZmLyt8DajKpYLUBurz131RCjnRwRc5o2uu6iBMl/jxOicGjz/JMfZ8/6ULxpD+P18DKzBvVGkfS7xmSdTfjPKQ==" /> </auto-check> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="custom_scope_query">Query</label> <input type="text" name="custom_scope_query" id="custom_scope_query" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesQueryField" class="form-control" autocomplete="off" placeholder="(repo:mona/a OR repo:mona/b) AND lang:python" required maxlength="500"> </div> <p class="text-small color-fg-muted"> To see all available qualifiers, see our <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax">documentation</a>. </p> </form> </div> <div 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py-1" style="margin-left: 12px;" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/WICG/first-party-sets","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="85ab8fb5ee40abca83770150c432cefac1419b070fdf82b6efb69eb9c3fd8328" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to go to homepage","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Sign in;ref_loc:Header"}" > Sign in </a> </div> <a href="/signup?ref_cta=Sign+up&ref_loc=header+logged+out&ref_page=%2F%3Cuser-name%3E%2F%3Crepo-name%3E&source=header-repo&source_repo=WICG%2Ffirst-party-sets" class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-link--sign-up HeaderMenu-button flex-shrink-0 d-flex d-lg-inline-flex no-underline border color-border-default rounded px-2 py-1" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/WICG/first-party-sets","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="85ab8fb5ee40abca83770150c432cefac1419b070fdf82b6efb69eb9c3fd8328" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Sign up","action":"click to sign up for account","label":"ref_page:/<user-name>/<repo-name>;ref_cta:Sign up;ref_loc:header logged out"}" > Sign up </a> <button type="button" class="sr-only js-header-menu-focus-trap d-block d-lg-none">Reseting focus</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="js-stale-session-flash stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-full"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-in" hidden>You signed in with another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-out" hidden>You signed out in another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> <span class="js-stale-session-flash-switched" hidden>You switched accounts on another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> <button id="icon-button-9b142570-712e-4b3b-813f-a8f14f2ac1a4" aria-labelledby="tooltip-4e0ecbfa-7bd0-4434-9730-a43d09d7ae00" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium flash-close js-flash-close"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x Button-visual"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button><tool-tip id="tooltip-4e0ecbfa-7bd0-4434-9730-a43d09d7ae00" for="icon-button-9b142570-712e-4b3b-813f-a8f14f2ac1a4" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Dismiss alert</tool-tip> </div> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div id="js-flash-container" class="flash-container" data-turbo-replace> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div > <button autofocus class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg 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flex-nowrap flex-justify-end mb-3 px-3 px-lg-5" style="gap: 1rem;"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit"> <div class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-fg-muted mr-2"> <path d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 0 0-.714 1.7.75.75 0 1 1-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 0 1 2 11.5Zm10.5-1h-8a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6.708A2.486 2.486 0 0 1 4.5 9h8ZM5 12.25a.25.25 0 0 1 .25-.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v3.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.4.2l-1.45-1.087a.249.249 0 0 0-.3 0L5.4 15.7a.25.25 0 0 1-.4-.2Z"></path> </svg> <span class="author flex-self-stretch" itemprop="author"> <a class="url fn" rel="author" data-hovercard-type="organization" data-hovercard-url="/orgs/WICG/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" href="/WICG"> WICG </a> </span> <span class="mx-1 flex-self-stretch color-fg-muted">/</span> <strong itemprop="name" class="mr-2 flex-self-stretch"> <a data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/WICG/first-party-sets">first-party-sets</a> </strong> <span></span><span class="Label Label--secondary v-align-middle mr-1">Public</span> </div> </div> <div id="repository-details-container" class="flex-shrink-0" data-turbo-replace style="max-width: 70%;"> <ul class="pagehead-actions flex-shrink-0 d-none d-md-inline" style="padding: 2px 0;"> <li> <a href="/login?return_to=%2FWICG%2Ffirst-party-sets" rel="nofollow" id="repository-details-watch-button" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"notification subscription menu watch","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/WICG/first-party-sets","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="6b5bbcd434fb9c7b2716de6c0d67161e39473906932c94c15dad93f0d0696c35" aria-label="You must be signed in to change notification settings" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell mr-2"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 0 0 1.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 0 0 8 16ZM3 5a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.519 1.519 0 0 1 13.482 13H2.518a1.516 1.516 0 0 1-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.255.255 0 0 0 3 7.947Zm5-3.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.017.017 0 0 0-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006l.006.004.007.001h10.964l.007-.001.006-.004.004-.006.001-.007a.017.017 0 0 0-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.745 1.745 0 0 1-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 8 1.5Z"></path> </svg>Notifications </a> <tool-tip id="tooltip-96aeb0f8-d2af-48d6-8a28-8a22ce5d9bc4" for="repository-details-watch-button" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="description" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">You must be signed in to change notification settings</tool-tip> </li> <li> <a icon="repo-forked" id="fork-button" href="/login?return_to=%2FWICG%2Ffirst-party-sets" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"repo details fork button","repository_id":143218155,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/WICG/first-party-sets","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="33d47903fa1c431339cb4f4d038274f125cf16cfd6b6b0f855b76a0e230fd9f9" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg>Fork <span id="repo-network-counter" data-pjax-replace="true" data-turbo-replace="true" title="75" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">75</span> </a> </li> <li> <div data-view-component="true" class="BtnGroup d-flex"> <a href="/login?return_to=%2FWICG%2Ffirst-party-sets" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"star button","repository_id":143218155,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/WICG/first-party-sets","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="0fa8d508840f8da7e50fa7f787681715e7f95600d78c6f744cdb4dc83d3b2307" aria-label="You must be signed in to star a repository" data-view-component="true" class="tooltipped tooltipped-sw btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom d-inline-block mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg><span data-view-component="true" class="d-inline"> Star </span> <span id="repo-stars-counter-star" aria-label="292 users starred this repository" data-singular-suffix="user starred this repository" data-plural-suffix="users starred this repository" data-turbo-replace="true" title="292" data-view-component="true" class="Counter js-social-count">292</span> </a></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-turbo-replace> <div class="d-block d-md-none mb-2 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="mb-2 d-flex flex-items-center Link--secondary"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link flex-shrink-0 mr-2"> <path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path> </svg> <span class="flex-auto min-width-0 css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit"> <a title="https://wicg.github.io/first-party-sets/" role="link" target="_blank" class="text-bold" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://wicg.github.io/first-party-sets/">wicg.github.io/first-party-sets/</a> </span> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline mr-3" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/stargazers"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-1"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <span class="text-bold">292</span> stars </a> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline mr-3" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/forks"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-1"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <span class="text-bold">75</span> forks </a> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline mr-3 d-inline-block" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/branches"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch mr-1"> <path d="M9.5 3.25a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 3 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 10 8.5H6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v1.836A2.493 2.493 0 0 1 6 7h4a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 9.5 3.25Zm-6 0a.75.75 0 1 0 1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0Zm8.25-.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5ZM4.25 12a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5Z"></path> </svg> <span>Branches</span> </a> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline d-inline-block" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-tag mr-1"> <path d="M1 7.775V2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h5.025c.464 0 .91.184 1.238.513l6.25 6.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-5.026 5.026a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-2.474 0l-6.25-6.25A1.752 1.752 0 0 1 1 7.775Zm1.5 0c0 .066.026.13.073.177l6.25 6.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l5.025-5.025a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354l-6.25-6.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.177-.073H2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM6 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Z"></path> </svg> <span>Tags</span> </a> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline d-inline-block" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/activity"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-pulse mr-1"> <path d="M6 2c.306 0 .582.187.696.471L10 10.731l1.304-3.26A.751.751 0 0 1 12 7h3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.742l-1.812 4.528a.751.751 0 0 1-1.392 0L6 4.77 4.696 8.03A.75.75 0 0 1 4 8.5H.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.742l1.812-4.529A.751.751 0 0 1 6 2Z"></path> </svg> <span>Activity</span> </a> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap gap-2"> <div class="flex-1"> <div data-view-component="true" class="BtnGroup d-flex"> <a href="/login?return_to=%2FWICG%2Ffirst-party-sets" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"star button","repository_id":143218155,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/WICG/first-party-sets","user_id":null}}" 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</svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Projects </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i5security-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-a2b5b7f2-abff-4987-9f5d-d79380b4085e" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/security" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield"> <path d="M7.467.133a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667Zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.251.251 0 0 0-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68ZM8.75 4.75v3a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 10.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Security </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i6insights-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-17daf50e-a625-4871-a82b-7076efeaba5a" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/pulse" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph"> <path d="M1.5 1.75V13.5h13.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm14.28 2.53-5.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L7 7.06 4.28 9.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.25-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L10 7.94l4.72-4.72a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Insights </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div></action-list> </div> </div></anchored-position> </focus-group> </action-menu></div> </nav> </div> <turbo-frame id="repo-content-turbo-frame" target="_top" data-turbo-action="advance" class=""> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <h1 class='sr-only'>WICG/first-party-sets</h1> <div class="clearfix container-xl px-md-4 px-lg-5 px-3"> <div> <div style="max-width: 100%" data-view-component="true" class="Layout Layout--flowRow-until-md react-repos-overview-margin Layout--sidebarPosition-end Layout--sidebarPosition-flowRow-end"> <div data-view-component="true" 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dir=\"auto\"\u003eRelated Website Sets (formerly known as: First-Party Sets)\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-related-website-sets-formerly-known-as-first-party-sets\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Related Website Sets (formerly known as: First-Party Sets)\" href=\"#related-website-sets-formerly-known-as-first-party-sets\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis document proposes a new web platform mechanism to declare a collection of related domains as\nbeing in a Related Website Set. This proposal was previously named First-Party Sets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eEditors:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-editors\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Editors:\" href=\"#editors\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/cfredric\"\u003eChris Fredrickson\u003c/a\u003e, Google\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/krgovind\"\u003eKaustubha Govind\u003c/a\u003e, Google\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/johannhof\"\u003eJohann Hofmann\u003c/a\u003e, Google\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eParticipate\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-participate\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Participate\" href=\"#participate\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/privacycg/first-party-sets/issues\"\u003ehttps://github.com/privacycg/first-party-sets/issues\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable of Contents\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-table-of-contents\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Table of Contents\" href=\"#table-of-contents\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#introduction\"\u003eIntroduction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#goals\"\u003eGoals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#non-goals\"\u003eNon-goals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#use-cases\"\u003eUse Cases\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#proposal\"\u003eProposal\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#defining-a-set-through-use-case-based-subsets\"\u003eDefining a \"set\" through use case-based \"subsets\"\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#abuse-mitigation-measures\"\u003eAbuse mitigation measures\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#leveraging-the-storage-access-api\"\u003eLeveraging the Storage Access API\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#providing-capabilities-beyond-the-storage-access-api\"\u003eProviding capabilities beyond the Storage Access API\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#administrative-controls\"\u003eAdministrative controls\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#ui-treatment\"\u003eUI Treatment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#domain-schemes\"\u003eDomain Schemes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#clearing-site-data-on-set-transitions\"\u003eClearing Site Data on Set Transitions\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#examples\"\u003eExamples\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#alternative-designs\"\u003eAlternative designs\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#synchronous-cross-site-cookie-access-within-same-party-contexts\"\u003eSynchronous cross-site cookie access within same-party contexts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#signed-assertions-and-set-discovery-instead-of-static-lists\"\u003eSigned Assertions and set discovery instead of static lists\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#using-ev-certificate-information-for-dynamic-verification-of-sets\"\u003eUsing EV Certificate information for dynamic verification of sets\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#self-attestation-and-technical-enforcement\"\u003eSelf-attestation and technical enforcement\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#origins-instead-of-registrable-domains\"\u003eOrigins instead of registrable domains\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#security-and-privacy-considerations\"\u003eSecurity and Privacy Considerations\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#avoid-weakening-new-and-existing-security-boundaries\"\u003eAvoid weakening new and existing security boundaries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#prior-art\"\u003ePrior Art\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#open-questions\"\u003eOpen question(s)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#acknowledgements\"\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eIntroduction\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-introduction\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Introduction\" href=\"#introduction\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBrowsers have proposed a variety of tracking policies and privacy models\n(\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/michaelkleber/privacy-model/blob/master/README.md\"\u003eChromium\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2019/06/27/tracking-prevention-microsoft-edge-preview/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEdge\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Anti_tracking_policy\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMozilla\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://webkit.org/tracking-prevention-policy/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWebKit\u003c/a\u003e) which scope access to user identity to\nsome notion of first-party. In defining this scope, we must balance two goals: the scope should be\nsmall enough to meet the user's privacy expectations, yet large enough to provide the user's desired\nfunctionality on the site they are interacting with.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRelated Website Sets (RWS) is a web platform mechanism, proposed within the context of browser efforts to phase out support for third-party cookies, through which site authors of multi-domain sites may declare relationships between domains such that the browser may understand the relationships and handle cookie access accordingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe core principle of allowing browsers to treat collections of \u003cem\u003eknown related sites\u003c/em\u003e differently from otherwise \u003cem\u003eunrelated sites\u003c/em\u003e is grounded in ideas that had been previously discussed in the W3C (such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/2017/11/06-webappsec-minutes.html#item12\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAffiliated Domains\u003c/a\u003e), the now defunct IETF \u003ca href=\"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-sullivan-dbound-problem-statement-02\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eDBOUND\u003c/a\u003e working group, and previously deployed in some browsers (such as the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/disconnectme/disconnect-tracking-protection/blob/master/entities.json\"\u003eDisconnect.me entities list\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere are two key components to the proposal:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe framework governing how relationships between domains may be declared, and\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe method by which the browser may manage cross-domain cookie access based on the declared relationship between domains.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGoals\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-goals\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Goals\" href=\"#goals\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow for browsers to understand the relationships between domains of multi-domain sites such that they can make decisions on behalf of the user and/or effectively present that information to the user.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUphold existing web security principles such as the \u003ca href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSame Origin Policy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNon-goals\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-non-goals\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Non-goals\" href=\"#non-goals\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpansion of capabilities beyond what is possible without recent browser-imposed privacy mitigations such as restrictions on third party cookies or cache partitioning.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThird-party sign-in between unrelated sites.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInformation exchange between unrelated sites for ad targeting or conversion measurement.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther use cases which involve unrelated sites.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefine specific UI treatment.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e(Some of these use cases are covered by \u003ca href=\"https://privacysandbox.com/intl/en_us/open-web/#proposals-for-the-web\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eother\nexplainers\u003c/a\u003e from the Privacy\nSandbox.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUse Cases\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-use-cases\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Use Cases\" href=\"#use-cases\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOn the modern web, sites span multiple domains and many sites are owned \u0026amp; operated by the same organization. Organizations may want to maintain different top-level domains for:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApp domains - a single application may be deployed over multiple domains, where the user may seamlessly navigate between them as a single session.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eoffice.com, live.com, microsoft.com (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/privacycg/first-party-sets/issues/35#issue-810396040\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/35/hovercard\"\u003ereference\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003elucidchart.com, lucid.co, lucidspark.com, lucid.app (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/privacycg/first-party-sets/issues/19#issuecomment-769277058\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/19/hovercard\"\u003ereference\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrand domains\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003euber.com, ubereats.com\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCountry-specific domains to enable localization\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003egoogle.co.in, google.co.uk\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSandbox domains that users never directly interact with, but exist to isolate user-uploaded content for security reasons.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003egoogle.com, googleusercontent.com\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003egithub.com, githubusercontent.com\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eService domains that users never directly interact with, but provide services across the same organization’s sites.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003egithub.com, githubassets.com\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003efacebook.com, fbcdn.net\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e The above have been provided only to serve as real-world illustrative assumed examples of collections of domains that are owned by the same organization; and have not all been validated with the site owners.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis proposal anchors on the use cases described above to develop a framework for the browser to support limited cross-domain cookie access. This will allow browsers to ensure continued operation of existing functionality that would otherwise be broken by blocking cross-domain cookies (\"third-party cookies\"), and will support the seamless operation of functionality such as:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSign-in across owned \u0026amp; operated properties\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ebbc.com and bbc.co.uk\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWebsites may also consider using the FedCM API for single sign-on functionality, if the relevant login flows can be encapsulated with the API's supported \u003ca href=\"https://fedidcg.github.io/FedCM/#use-cases\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003euse cases\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003esony.com and playstation.com\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupport for embedded content from across owned \u0026amp; operated properties (e.g. videos/documents/resources restricted to the user signed in on the top-level site)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeparation of user-uploaded content from other site content for security reasons, while allowing the sandboxed domain access to authentication (and other) cookies. For example, Google sequesters such content on googleusercontent.com, GitHub on githubusercontent.com, CodePen \u003ca href=\"https://blog.codepen.io/2019/10/03/changed-domains-for-iframe-previews/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eon\u003c/a\u003e cdpn.io. Hosting untrusted, compromised content on the same domain where a user is authenticated may result in attackers’ potentially capturing authentication cookies, or login credentials (in case of password managers that scope credentials to domains); and cause harm to users.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlternative solution: Sandboxed domains can also consider using \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/CHIPS\"\u003epartitioned cookies\u003c/a\u003e, if their user flows do not involve the sandboxed domain appearing in top-level contexts.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalytics/measurement of user journeys across O\u0026amp;O properties to improve quality of services.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eProposal\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-proposal\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Proposal\" href=\"#proposal\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAt a high level, a Related Website Set is a collection of domains, for which there is a single \"set primary\" and potentially multiple \"set members.\" Only site authors will be able to submit their own set, and they will be required to declare the relationship between each \"set member\" to its \"set primary.\" This declaration will be grounded in the \u003ca href=\"#heading=h.4t8m5gy1pn0r\"\u003euse cases\u003c/a\u003e described above and defined by \"subsets.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDefining a \"set\" through use case-based \"subsets\"\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-defining-a-set-through-use-case-based-subsets\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Defining a \u0026quot;set\u0026quot; through use case-based \u0026quot;subsets\u0026quot;\" href=\"#defining-a-set-through-use-case-based-subsets\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThroughout the evolution of this proposal, we considered how to define a single boundary that could determine set inclusion. However, formulating a definition or set of criteria that can both acknowledge the complex multi-domain dependence of websites and preserve a limited privacy boundary proved to be challenging. Instead of using a single definition or set of criteria to apply to a range of \u003ca href=\"#use-cases\"\u003euse cases\u003c/a\u003e, we propose granular criteria and handling to be applied by use case by specifying \"subsets.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAt time of submission, \"set primaries\" and \"set members\" will be declared. Set members could include a range of different domain types, matching up to the different types of use cases (or \u003cem\u003esubsets\u003c/em\u003e) such as domains that users never directly interact with, like service or sandbox domains; and domains where users may benefit from a seamless session, like brand or app domains.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe propose enumerating the range of applicable subsets within a set (beginning with subsets that correlate to the \u003ca href=\"#use-cases\"\u003euse cases described above\u003c/a\u003e), requiring that a member domain must meet the definition of a single subset to be part of the set. For example, consider the following table as an example Related Website Sets schema:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSet primary:\u003c/strong\u003e exampleA.com\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSubset type\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSubset definition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExample\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nservice\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nReserved for utility or sandbox domains.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eRequires common ownership.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nexampleA-usercontent.com\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nexampleA-cdn.net\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nassociated\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nReserved for domains whose affiliation with the set primary is clearly presented to users (e.g., an About page, header or footer, shared branding or logo, or similar forms).\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nexampleA-affiliated.com\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nexampleB.com*\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nexampleC.com*\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n*where exampleB and exampleC are separately owned websites, but clearly present their affiliation with exampleA to users\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhile we think this subset framework has the clear benefit of furthering transparency around why a domain has been added to a set, the primary value to this framework is that the browser could handle each subset differently:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubset type\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubset definition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExample browser handling policy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eservice\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eReserved for utility or sandbox domains.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nRequires common ownership.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eNo limit on domains, auto-grant access. Not allowed to be the top-level domain in a storage access grant.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eassociated\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eReserved for domains whose affiliation with the set primary is clearly presented to users (e.g., an About page, header or footer, shared branding or logo, or similar forms).\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eLimit of 5* domains. If greater than 5, auto-reject access.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cem\u003e*[^1]exact number TBD\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn addition to the subsets proposed above, we propose a mechanism by which a set can declare ccTLD (country code top-level domain) variants of domains in the same set.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExample\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExample browser handling policy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eReserved for variations for a particular country or a geographical area.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRequires common ownership with the domain it is the variant of.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eexampleA.co.uk\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eexampleA.ca\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eNo limit on number of ccTLDs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInherits browser handling policy of the equivalent domain.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor example, \u003ccode\u003eexampleA.co.uk\u003c/code\u003e could be considered a ccTLD variant of \u003ccode\u003eexampleA.com\u003c/code\u003e. If \u003ccode\u003eexampleB.com\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eexampleC.com\u003c/code\u003e are listed in the associated subset, the inclusion of \u003ccode\u003eexampleB.co.uk\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eexampleC.co.uk\u003c/code\u003e as ccTLD variants (of \u003ccode\u003eexampleB.com\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eexampleC.com\u003c/code\u003e, respectively) would \u003cem\u003enot\u003c/em\u003e count against the limit on the number of associated domains, and would be allowed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAbuse mitigation measures\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-abuse-mitigation-measures\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Abuse mitigation measures\" href=\"#abuse-mitigation-measures\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe consider using a public submission process (like a GitHub repository) to be a valuable approach because it facilitates our goal to keep all set submissions public and submitters accountable to users, civil society, and the broader web ecosystem. For example, a mechanism to report potentially invalid sets may be provisioned. We expect public accountability to be a significant deterrent for intentionally miscategorized subsets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe following technical checks also help to mitigate abuse:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMutual exclusivity to ensure a domain isn't part of multiple Related Website Sets\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.well-known\u003c/code\u003e file check on all domains to ensure authorized submissions\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCheck against the \u003ca href=\"https://publicsuffix.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePublic Suffix List\u003c/a\u003e to ensure that sets are composed of valid registrable domains\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdditionally, there are other enforcement strategies we could consider to further mitigate abuse. If there is a report regarding a domain specified under the \"service\" subset, potential reactive enforcement measures could be taken to validate that the domain in question is indeed a \"service\" subset.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor some subsets, like the \"associated\" subset, objective enforcement may be much more difficult and complex. In these situations, the browser's handling policy, such as a limit of five domains, should limit the scope of potential abuse. Additionally, we think that site authors will be beholden to the subset definition and avoid intentional miscategorization as their submissions would be entirely public and constitute an assertion of the relationship between domains.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eChrome’s Submission Guidelines and RWS Canonical List\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-chromes-submission-guidelines-and-rws-canonical-list\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Chrome’s Submission Guidelines and RWS Canonical List\" href=\"#chromes-submission-guidelines-and-rws-canonical-list\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eChrome’s implementation will depend on the list of Related Website Sets generated via the process described in \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/GoogleChrome/related-website-sets/blob/main/RWS-Submission_Guidelines.md\"\u003eSubmission Guidelines\u003c/a\u003e. The guidelines aim to provide developers with clear expectations on how to submit sets to the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/GoogleChrome/related-website-sets/blob/main/related_website_sets.JSON\"\u003ecanonical list\u003c/a\u003e that the browser will consume and apply to its behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLeveraging the Storage Access API\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-leveraging-the-storage-access-api\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Leveraging the Storage Access API\" href=\"#leveraging-the-storage-access-api\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo facilitate the browser's ability to handle each subset differently, we are proposing leveraging the \u003ca href=\"https://privacycg.github.io/storage-access/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eStorage Access API\u003c/a\u003e (SAA) to enable cookie access within a RWS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWith the SAA, sites may actively request cross-site cookie access, and user-agents may \u003ca href=\"https://privacycg.github.io/storage-access/#ua-policy\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003emake their own decisions\u003c/a\u003e on whether to automatically grant or deny the request or choose to prompt the user. We propose that browsers supporting RWS incorporate set membership information into this decision. In other words, browsers may choose to automatically grant cross-site access when the requesting site is in the same RWS, or in a particular subset of the same RWS, as the top-level site.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe'd like to collaborate with the community in evolving the Storage Access API to improve developer and user experience and help the SAA better support the use cases that RWS is intended to solve. One way to do that is through extending the API surface in a way that makes it easier for developers to use the SAA without integrating iframes:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eProviding capabilities beyond the Storage Access API\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-providing-capabilities-beyond-the-storage-access-api\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Providing capabilities beyond the Storage Access API\" href=\"#providing-capabilities-beyond-the-storage-access-api\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSAA currently requires that the API: (a) be invoked from an iframe embedding the origin requesting cross-site cookies access, and that (b) the iframe obtains user activation before making such a request. We anticipate that the majority of site compatibility issues (specifically, those that RWS intends to address) involve instances where user interaction within an iframe is difficult to retrofit, e.g. because of the usage of images or script tags requiring cookies. Additionally, since cross-site subresources may be loaded synchronously by the top-level site, it may be difficult for the subresources to anticipate when asynchronous cookie access via SAA is granted. To address this difficulty, we \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mreichhoff/requestStorageAccessForSite\"\u003epropose a new API\u003c/a\u003e that we hope will make it easier for developers to adopt this change.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNote: Both Firefox and Safari have run into these issues before and have solved them through the application of an internal-only \"requestStorageAccessForOrigin\" API (\u003ca href=\"https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1724376\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e4\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/commit/e0690e2f6c7e51bd73b66e038b5d4d86a6f30909#diff-1d194b67d50610776c206cb5faa8f056cf1063dd9743c5a43cab834d43e5434cR253\"\u003e5\u003c/a\u003e), that is applied on a case-by-case basis by custom browser scripts (Safari: \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/blob/a39a03d621e441f3b7ca3a814d1bc0e2b8dd72be/Source/WebCore/page/Quirks.cpp#L1065\"\u003e6\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/blob/main/Source/WebCore/page/Quirks.cpp#L1217\"\u003e7\u003c/a\u003e Firefox: \u003ca href=\"https://phabricator.services.mozilla.com/D129185\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e8\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://phabricator.services.mozilla.com/D124493\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e9\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://phabricator.services.mozilla.com/D131643\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAs we continue to flesh out the Related Website Sets proposal, we invite feedback from browser vendors, web developers, and members of the web community. We will continue engagement through issues in this repo and through discussions in \u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/community/wicg/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWICG\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdministrative controls\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-administrative-controls\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Administrative controls\" href=\"#administrative-controls\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor enterprise usage, browsers typically offer administrators options to control web platform behavior. Browsers may expose administrative options for locally-defined Related Website Sets (e.g., for private domains).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUI Treatment\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-ui-treatment\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: UI Treatment\" href=\"#ui-treatment\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn order to provide transparency to users regarding the Related Website Set that a web page’s top-level\ndomain belongs to, browsers may choose to present UI with information about the Related Website Set primary\nand the members list. One potential location in Chrome is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/enamel/goals-for-the-origin-info-bubble\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOrigin/Page Info Bubble\u003c/a\u003e - this\nprovides requisite information to discerning users, while avoiding the use of valuable screen\nreal-estate or presenting confusing permission prompts. However, browsers are free to choose different\npresentation based on their UI patterns, or adjust as informed by user research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNote that Related Website Sets also gives browsers the opportunity to group per-site controls (such as\nthose at \u003ccode\u003echrome://settings/content/all\u003c/code\u003e) by the “first-party” boundary instead of eTLD+1, which is\nnot always the correct site boundary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDomain Schemes\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-domain-schemes\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Domain Schemes\" href=\"#domain-schemes\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn accordance with the \u003ca href=\"https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#websocket-opening-handshake\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFetch\u003c/a\u003e spec, user agents must \"normalize\" WebSocket schemes to HTTP(S) when determining whether a particular domain is a member of a Related Website Set. I.e. \u003ccode\u003ews://\u003c/code\u003e must be mapped to \u003ccode\u003ehttp://\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003ewss://\u003c/code\u003e must be mapped to \u003ccode\u003ehttps://\u003c/code\u003e, before the lookup is performed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUser agents need not perform this normalization on the domains in their static lists; user agents may reject static lists that include non-HTTPS domains.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eClearing Site Data on Set Transitions\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-clearing-site-data-on-set-transitions\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Clearing Site Data on Set Transitions\" href=\"#clearing-site-data-on-set-transitions\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSites may need to change which Related Website Set they are a member of. Since membership in a set could provide access to cross-site cookies via automatic grants of the Storage Access API, we need to pay attention to these transitions so that they don’t link user identities across all the RWSs they’ve historically been in. In particular, we must ensure that a domain cannot transfer a user identifier from one Related Website Set to another when it changes its set membership. While a set member may not always request and be granted access to cross-site cookies, for the sake of simplicity of handling set transitions, we propose to treat such access as always granted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn order to achieve this, the browser must clear site data after a site undergoes certain transitions, before starting any fetches that depend on that data/storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eNOTE\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e: most fetches do not depend on data that needs to be cleared, so browsers should try to optimize for request latency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe clearing should behave like \u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/clear-site-data/#grammardef-\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eClear-Site-Data: \"*\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, which includes cookies, storage, cache, as well as execution contexts (documents, workers, etc.). We don’t differentiate between different types of site data because:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA user identifier could be stored in any of these storage types.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClearing just a few of the types would break sites that expect different types of data to be consistent with each other.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSince member sites can only add/remove themselves to/from RWSs with the consent from the primary, we look at Related Website Set changes as a site changing its RWS primary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf a site’s primary changed:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIf this site had no RWS primary, the site's data won't be cleared.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePro: Avoids adoption pain when a site joins a RWS.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCon: Unclear how this lines up with user expectations about access to browsing history prior to set formation.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOtherwise, clear site data of this site.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePotential modification, which adds implementation complexity:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"3\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIf this site's new primary is a site that previously had the same RWS primary as the first site, the site's data won't be cleared.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePro: Provides graceful transitions for examples (f) and (g).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCon: Multi-stage transitions, such as (h) to (i) are unaccounted for.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExamples\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-examples\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Examples\" href=\"#examples\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-representation.drawio.svg\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/raw/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-representation.drawio.svg\" alt=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-not_clear.drawio.svg\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/raw/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-not_clear.drawio.svg\" alt=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ea. Site A and Site B create a RWS with Site A as the primary and Site B as the member. Site data will not be cleared.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eb. Site C joins the existing RWS as a member site where Site A is the primary. Site data will not be cleared.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-clear.drawio.svg\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/raw/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-clear.drawio.svg\" alt=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ec. Given an RWS with primary Site A and members Site B and Site C, if Site D joins this RWS and becomes the new primary; the previous set will be dissolved and the browser will clear data for Site A, Site B and Site C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ed. Given an RWS with primary Site A and members Site B and Site C, if Site B leaves the RWS, the browser will clear site data for Site B.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ee. Given two RWSs, RWS1 has primary Site A and members Site B and Site C and RWS2 has primary Site X and member Site Y, if they join together as one RWS with Site A being the primary, the browser will clear site data for Site X and Site Y.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWith the potential modification allowing sites to keep their data if the new set primary was a previous member:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-potential_modification.drawio.svg\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/raw/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-potential_modification.drawio.svg\" alt=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ef. Given an RWS with primary Site A and members Site B and Site C, if no site is added or removed, just Site C becomes the primary and Site A becomes the member, no site data will be cleared.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eg. Given an RWS with primary Site A and members Site B and Site C, if Site A leaves the RWS and Site B becomes the primary, the browser will clear site data for Site A.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eh. \u0026amp; i. Given the RWS with primary Site A and member Site B and Site C, if Site D joins this set as a member and later becomes the primary, site data of Site A, Site B and Site C is only preserved if the user happens to visit during the intermediate stage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlternative designs\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-alternative-designs\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Alternative designs\" href=\"#alternative-designs\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSynchronous cross-site cookie access within same-party contexts\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-synchronous-cross-site-cookie-access-within-same-party-contexts\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Synchronous cross-site cookie access within same-party contexts\" href=\"#synchronous-cross-site-cookie-access-within-same-party-contexts\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhere a Storage Access API invocation is automatically granted due to membership in the same Related Website Set, a similar effect may be achieved by user agents always allowing cross-site cookie access across sites within the same set. Such cookie access may be subject to rules such as \u003ca href=\"https://web.dev/samesite-cookies-explained/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSameSite\u003c/a\u003e, and depend on specification of a cookie attribute such as \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/cfredric/sameparty\"\u003eSameParty\u003c/a\u003e. This would allow for synchronous cookie access on subresource requests, and, for most part, allows legacy same-party flows to continue functioning with minimal adoption costs involved for site authors. However, it prevents browsers' ability to mediate these flows and potentially intervene on behalf of users. Additionally, Storage Access API is already the preferred mechanism for gaining cross-site cookie access on major browsers such as Safari and Firefox.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSigned Assertions and set discovery instead of static lists\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-signed-assertions-and-set-discovery-instead-of-static-lists\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Signed Assertions and set discovery instead of static lists\" href=\"#signed-assertions-and-set-discovery-instead-of-static-lists\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eStatic lists are easy to reason about and easy for others to inspect. At the same time, they can develop deployment and scalability issues. Changes to the list must be pushed to each user's browser via some update mechanism. This complicates sites' ability to deploy new related domains, particularly in markets where network connectivity limits update frequency. They also scale poorly if the list gets too large.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/signed_assertions.md\"\u003eSigned Assertions based design\u003c/a\u003e proposes an alternative solution that involves the browser learning the composition of sets directly from the websites that the user visits. To prevent privacy risks from personalized sets and ensure policy conformance, they are still verified by an independent entity through a digital signature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis design is significantly more complex than the consumption of a static list, especially when implementing \u003ca href=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/signed_assertions.md#discovering-first-party-sets\"\u003ediscovery and fetching of sets\u003c/a\u003e in a privacy-preserving manner. As such, we prefer to start with the simpler static list approach, leaving the possibility of introducing a more complex alternative in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUsing EV Certificate information for dynamic verification of sets\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-using-ev-certificate-information-for-dynamic-verification-of-sets\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Using EV Certificate information for dynamic verification of sets\" href=\"#using-ev-certificate-information-for-dynamic-verification-of-sets\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Validation_Certificate\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eExtended Validation (EV)\nCertificates\u003c/a\u003e, in\naddition to backing encrypted exchange of information on the web, require\nverification of the legal entity associated with the website a certificate is\nissued for and encode information about this legal entity in the certificate\nitself. It might be possible to match this information for sites presenting EV\ncertificates (or use the subjectAltName on a single EV certificate) to build\nRelated Website Sets. This could be used in place of \u003ca href=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/signed_assertions.md\"\u003eSigned Assertions\u003c/a\u003e\nas part of a dynamic set discovery mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHowever, such an automatic mechanism would result in a very tight coupling of\nidentity and feature exposure through Related Website Sets to the existing certificate\ninfrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt's likely that this would negatively impact the deployment and use of\nencryption on the web, for example by forcing sites to obtain EV certificates\nas the only way to ensure continued functionality. A revocation of a certificate\nthat is used for RWS would have grave implications (such as deletion of all local\ndata through the Clear Site Data mechanism) and thus complicate the revocation process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/privacycg/first-party-sets/issues/12\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/12/hovercard\"\u003eIssue 12\u003c/a\u003e for an extended\ndiscussion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSelf-attestation and technical enforcement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-self-attestation-and-technical-enforcement\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Self-attestation and technical enforcement\" href=\"#self-attestation-and-technical-enforcement\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eInstead of having a verification entity check that domains in a set match the stated use case, it may be possible to rely on a combination of:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-attestation of conformance to the subset definitions by submitter.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTechnical consistency checks such as verifying control over domains, and ensuring that no domain appears in more than one set.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransparency logs documenting all acceptances and deletions to enable accountability and auditability.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMechanism/process for the general public to report potential misuse of Related Website Sets.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAt this time, a verification entity to detect and enforce against abuses of the Related Website Sets technology has not been engaged. This may change in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOrigins instead of registrable domains\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-origins-instead-of-registrable-domains\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Origins instead of registrable domains\" href=\"#origins-instead-of-registrable-domains\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA Related Website Set is a collection of origins, but it is specified by registrable domains, which\ncarries a dependency on the \u003ca href=\"https://publicsuffix.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epublic suffix list\u003c/a\u003e. While this is consistent\nwith the various proposed privacy models as well as cookie handling, the security boundary on the\nweb is the origin, not registrable domain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn alternate design would be to instead specify sets by origins directly. In this model, any https\norigin would be a possible Related Website Set primary, and each origin must individually join a set,\nrather than relying on the root as we do here. For continuity with the existing behavior, we would\nthen define the registrable domain as the default Related Website Set for each origin. That is, by\ndefault, \u003ccode\u003ehttps://foo.example.com\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ehttps://bar.example.com\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003ehttps://example.com:444\u003c/code\u003e would all be\nin a set under \u003ccode\u003ehttps://example.com\u003c/code\u003e. Defining a set explicitly would override this default set.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis would reduce the web's dependency on the public suffix list, which would mitigate \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/sleevi/psl-problems\"\u003evarious\nproblems\u003c/a\u003e. For instance, a university may allow students to register arbitrary subdomains at\n\u003ccode\u003ehttps://foo.university.example\u003c/code\u003e, but did not place \u003ccode\u003euniversity.example\u003c/code\u003e on the public suffix list,\neither due to compatibility concerns or oversight. With an origin-specified Related Website Set,\nindividual origins could then detach themselves from the default set to avoid security problems with\nnon-origin-based features such as cookies. (Note the\n\u003ca href=\"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-03#section-4.1.3.2\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e__Host- cookie prefix\u003c/a\u003e\nalso addresses this issue.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis origin-defined approach has additional complications to resolve:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThere are a handful of features (cookies, document.domain) which are scoped to registrable\ndomains, not origins. Those features should not transitively join two different sets. For\ninstance, we must account for one set containing \u003ccode\u003ehttps://foo.bar.example.com\u003c/code\u003e and\n\u003ccode\u003ehttps://example.com\u003c/code\u003e, but not \u003ccode\u003ehttps://bar.example.com\u003c/code\u003e. For cookies, we can say that cookies\nremember the set which created them and we match both the Domain attribute and the related website\nset. Thus if \u003ccode\u003ehttps://foo.bar.example.com\u003c/code\u003e sets a Domain=example.com cookie, \u003ccode\u003ehttps://example.com\u003c/code\u003e\ncan read it, but not \u003ccode\u003ehttps://bar.example.com\u003c/code\u003e. Other features would need similar updates.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe implicit state should be expressible explicitly, to simplify rollback and deployment,\nwhich means Related Website Set manifests must describe patterns of origins, rather than a simple\nbounded list of domains. In particular, we should support subtree patterns.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003ehttps://foo.example.com\u003c/code\u003e's implicit primary is \u003ccode\u003ehttps://example.com\u003c/code\u003e. If \u003ccode\u003ehttps://example.com\u003c/code\u003e then\nforms an explicit set which does not include \u003ccode\u003ehttps://foo.example.com\u003c/code\u003e, we need to change\n\u003ccode\u003ehttps://foo.example.com\u003c/code\u003e's implicit state, perhaps to a singleton set.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis complex set of patterns and implicit behaviors must be reevaluated against existing\norigins every time a Related Website Set is updated.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCertificate wildcards (which themselves depend on the public suffix list) don't match an\nentire subtree. This conflicts with wanting to express implicit states above.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThese complexities are likely solvable while keeping most of this design, should browsers believe\nthis is worthwhile.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSecurity and Privacy Considerations\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-security-and-privacy-considerations\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Security and Privacy Considerations\" href=\"#security-and-privacy-considerations\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAvoid weakening new and existing security boundaries\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-avoid-weakening-new-and-existing-security-boundaries\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Avoid weakening new and existing security boundaries\" href=\"#avoid-weakening-new-and-existing-security-boundaries\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eChanges to the web platform that tighten boundaries for increased privacy often have positive effects on security as well. For example, cache partitioning restricts \u003ca href=\"https://xsleaks.dev/docs/attacks/cache-probing/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ecache probing\u003c/a\u003e attacks and third-party cookie blocking makes it much harder to perform \u003ca href=\"https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/csrf\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCSRF\u003c/a\u003e by default. Where user agents intend to use Related Website Sets to replace or extend existing boundaries based on \u003cem\u003esite\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eorigin\u003c/em\u003e on the web, it is important to consider not only the effects on privacy, but also on security.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSites in a common RWS may have greatly varying security requirements, for example, a set could contain a site storing user credentials and another hosting untrusted user data. Even within the same set, sites still rely on cross-site and cross-origin restrictions to stay in control of data exposure. Within reason, it should not be possible for a compromised site in an RWS to affect the integrity of other sites in the set.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis consideration will always involve a necessary trade-off between gains like performance or interoperability and risks for users and sites. User agents should facilitate additional mechanisms such as a per-origin opt-in or opt-out to manage this trade-off. Site owners should be aware of the potential security implications of creating an RWS and form only the smallest possible set of domains that encompasses user workflows/journeys across an application, especially when some origins in the set opt into features that may leave them open to potential attacks from other origins in the set.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePrior Art\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-prior-art\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Prior Art\" href=\"#prior-art\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFirefox's \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mozilla-services/shavar-prod-lists#entity-list\"\u003eentity list\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-sullivan-dbound-problem-statement-02\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edraft-sullivan-dbound-problem-statement-02\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webappsec/2017Mar/0034.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSingle Trust and Same-Origin Policy v2\u003c/a\u003e\nand \u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/2017/11/06-webappsec-minutes.html#item12\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eaffiliated domains\u003c/a\u003e from John\nWilander to public-webappsec\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOpen question(s)\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-open-questions\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Open question(s)\" href=\"#open-questions\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWe are still exploring how \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/privacycg/CHIPS\"\u003eCHIPS\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://developer.chrome.com/docs/privacy-sandbox/chips/#first-party-sets-and-cookie-partitioning\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eintegrates with\u003c/a\u003e Related Website Sets. We are working on technical changes to that design as well, and will share updates when we have a proposal.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWe may consider expanding the technical checks, where possible, involved in mitigating abuse (e.g., to validate ccTLD variants).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-acknowledgements\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Acknowledgements\" href=\"#acknowledgements\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther members of the W3C Privacy Community Group had previously suggested the use of SAA, or an equivalent API; in place of SameParty cookies. Thanks to @jdcauley (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/14#issuecomment-785144990\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/14/hovercard\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e), @arthuredelstein (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/42\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/42/hovercard\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e), and @johnwilander (\u003ca href=\"https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-privacycg/2022Jun/0001.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrowser vendors, web developers, and members of the web community provided valuable feedback during this proposal's incubation in the W3C Privacy Community Group.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis proposal includes significant contributions from previous co-editors, David Benjamin, and Harneet Sidhana.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWe are also grateful for contributions from Chris Fredrickson and Shuran Huang.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"Related Website Sets (formerly known as: First-Party Sets)","anchor":"related-website-sets-formerly-known-as-first-party-sets","htmlText":"Related Website Sets (formerly known as: First-Party Sets)"},{"level":2,"text":"Editors:","anchor":"editors","htmlText":"Editors:"},{"level":2,"text":"Participate","anchor":"participate","htmlText":"Participate"},{"level":1,"text":"Table of Contents","anchor":"table-of-contents","htmlText":"Table of Contents"},{"level":1,"text":"Introduction","anchor":"introduction","htmlText":"Introduction"},{"level":1,"text":"Goals","anchor":"goals","htmlText":"Goals"},{"level":1,"text":"Non-goals","anchor":"non-goals","htmlText":"Non-goals"},{"level":1,"text":"Use Cases","anchor":"use-cases","htmlText":"Use Cases"},{"level":1,"text":"Proposal","anchor":"proposal","htmlText":"Proposal"},{"level":2,"text":"Defining a \"set\" through use case-based \"subsets\"","anchor":"defining-a-set-through-use-case-based-subsets","htmlText":"Defining a \"set\" through use case-based \"subsets\""},{"level":3,"text":"Abuse mitigation measures","anchor":"abuse-mitigation-measures","htmlText":"Abuse mitigation measures"},{"level":2,"text":"Chrome’s Submission Guidelines and RWS Canonical List","anchor":"chromes-submission-guidelines-and-rws-canonical-list","htmlText":"Chrome’s Submission Guidelines and RWS Canonical List"},{"level":2,"text":"Leveraging the Storage Access API","anchor":"leveraging-the-storage-access-api","htmlText":"Leveraging the Storage Access API"},{"level":3,"text":"Providing capabilities beyond the Storage Access API","anchor":"providing-capabilities-beyond-the-storage-access-api","htmlText":"Providing capabilities beyond the Storage Access API"},{"level":2,"text":"Administrative controls","anchor":"administrative-controls","htmlText":"Administrative controls"},{"level":1,"text":"UI Treatment","anchor":"ui-treatment","htmlText":"UI Treatment"},{"level":1,"text":"Domain Schemes","anchor":"domain-schemes","htmlText":"Domain Schemes"},{"level":1,"text":"Clearing Site Data on Set Transitions","anchor":"clearing-site-data-on-set-transitions","htmlText":"Clearing Site Data on Set Transitions"},{"level":2,"text":"Examples","anchor":"examples","htmlText":"Examples"},{"level":1,"text":"Alternative designs","anchor":"alternative-designs","htmlText":"Alternative designs"},{"level":2,"text":"Synchronous cross-site cookie access within same-party contexts","anchor":"synchronous-cross-site-cookie-access-within-same-party-contexts","htmlText":"Synchronous cross-site cookie access within same-party contexts"},{"level":2,"text":"Signed Assertions and set discovery instead of static lists","anchor":"signed-assertions-and-set-discovery-instead-of-static-lists","htmlText":"Signed Assertions and set discovery instead of static lists"},{"level":2,"text":"Using EV Certificate information for dynamic verification of sets","anchor":"using-ev-certificate-information-for-dynamic-verification-of-sets","htmlText":"Using EV Certificate information for dynamic verification of sets"},{"level":2,"text":"Self-attestation and technical enforcement","anchor":"self-attestation-and-technical-enforcement","htmlText":"Self-attestation and technical enforcement"},{"level":2,"text":"Origins instead of registrable domains","anchor":"origins-instead-of-registrable-domains","htmlText":"Origins instead of registrable domains"},{"level":1,"text":"Security and Privacy Considerations","anchor":"security-and-privacy-considerations","htmlText":"Security and Privacy Considerations"},{"level":2,"text":"Avoid weakening new and existing security boundaries","anchor":"avoid-weakening-new-and-existing-security-boundaries","htmlText":"Avoid weakening new and existing security boundaries"},{"level":1,"text":"Prior Art","anchor":"prior-art","htmlText":"Prior Art"},{"level":1,"text":"Open question(s)","anchor":"open-questions","htmlText":"Open question(s)"},{"level":1,"text":"Acknowledgements","anchor":"acknowledgements","htmlText":"Acknowledgements"}],"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FWICG%2Ffirst-party-sets"}}],"overviewFilesProcessingTime":0}},"appPayload":{"helpUrl":"https://docs.github.com","findFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-file-worker-1583894afd38.js","findInFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-in-file-worker-67668e8c2caa.js","githubDevUrl":null,"enabled_features":{"code_nav_ui_events":false,"overview_shared_code_dropdown_button":false,"react_blob_overlay":false,"copilot_conversational_ux_embedding_update":false,"copilot_smell_icebreaker_ux":true,"copilot_workspace":false,"accessible_code_button":true}}}}</script> <div data-target="react-partial.reactRoot"><style data-styled="true" 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octicon-list-unordered" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" style="display:inline-block;user-select:none;vertical-align:text-bottom;overflow:visible"><path d="M5.75 2.5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Zm0 5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Zm0 5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Zm1-6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0ZM2 4a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 QkQOb js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Related Website Sets (formerly known as: First-Party Sets)</h1><a id="user-content-related-website-sets-formerly-known-as-first-party-sets" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Related Website Sets (formerly known as: First-Party Sets)" href="#related-website-sets-formerly-known-as-first-party-sets"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This document proposes a new web platform mechanism to declare a collection of related domains as being in a Related Website Set. This proposal was previously named First-Party Sets.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Editors:</h2><a id="user-content-editors" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Editors:" href="#editors"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/cfredric">Chris Fredrickson</a>, Google</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/krgovind">Kaustubha Govind</a>, Google</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/johannhof">Johann Hofmann</a>, Google</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Participate</h2><a id="user-content-participate" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Participate" href="#participate"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/privacycg/first-party-sets/issues">https://github.com/privacycg/first-party-sets/issues</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Table of Contents</h1><a id="user-content-table-of-contents" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Table of Contents" href="#table-of-contents"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#goals">Goals</a></li> <li><a href="#non-goals">Non-goals</a></li> <li><a href="#use-cases">Use Cases</a></li> <li><a href="#proposal">Proposal</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#defining-a-set-through-use-case-based-subsets">Defining a "set" through use case-based "subsets"</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#abuse-mitigation-measures">Abuse mitigation measures</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#leveraging-the-storage-access-api">Leveraging the Storage Access API</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#providing-capabilities-beyond-the-storage-access-api">Providing capabilities beyond the Storage Access API</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#administrative-controls">Administrative controls</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#ui-treatment">UI Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="#domain-schemes">Domain Schemes</a></li> <li><a href="#clearing-site-data-on-set-transitions">Clearing Site Data on Set Transitions</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#alternative-designs">Alternative designs</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#synchronous-cross-site-cookie-access-within-same-party-contexts">Synchronous cross-site cookie access within same-party contexts</a></li> <li><a href="#signed-assertions-and-set-discovery-instead-of-static-lists">Signed Assertions and set discovery instead of static lists</a></li> <li><a href="#using-ev-certificate-information-for-dynamic-verification-of-sets">Using EV Certificate information for dynamic verification of sets</a></li> <li><a href="#self-attestation-and-technical-enforcement">Self-attestation and technical enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="#origins-instead-of-registrable-domains">Origins instead of registrable domains</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#security-and-privacy-considerations">Security and Privacy Considerations</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#avoid-weakening-new-and-existing-security-boundaries">Avoid weakening new and existing security boundaries</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#prior-art">Prior Art</a></li> <li><a href="#open-questions">Open question(s)</a></li> <li><a href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Introduction</h1><a id="user-content-introduction" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Introduction" href="#introduction"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Browsers have proposed a variety of tracking policies and privacy models (<a href="https://github.com/michaelkleber/privacy-model/blob/master/README.md">Chromium</a>, <a href="https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2019/06/27/tracking-prevention-microsoft-edge-preview/" rel="nofollow">Edge</a>, <a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Anti_tracking_policy" rel="nofollow">Mozilla</a>, <a href="https://webkit.org/tracking-prevention-policy/" rel="nofollow">WebKit</a>) which scope access to user identity to some notion of first-party. In defining this scope, we must balance two goals: the scope should be small enough to meet the user's privacy expectations, yet large enough to provide the user's desired functionality on the site they are interacting with.</p> <p dir="auto">Related Website Sets (RWS) is a web platform mechanism, proposed within the context of browser efforts to phase out support for third-party cookies, through which site authors of multi-domain sites may declare relationships between domains such that the browser may understand the relationships and handle cookie access accordingly.</p> <p dir="auto">The core principle of allowing browsers to treat collections of <em>known related sites</em> differently from otherwise <em>unrelated sites</em> is grounded in ideas that had been previously discussed in the W3C (such as <a href="https://www.w3.org/2017/11/06-webappsec-minutes.html#item12" rel="nofollow">Affiliated Domains</a>), the now defunct IETF <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-sullivan-dbound-problem-statement-02" rel="nofollow">DBOUND</a> working group, and previously deployed in some browsers (such as the <a href="https://github.com/disconnectme/disconnect-tracking-protection/blob/master/entities.json">Disconnect.me entities list</a>).</p> <p dir="auto">There are two key components to the proposal:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>The framework governing how relationships between domains may be declared, and</li> <li>The method by which the browser may manage cross-domain cookie access based on the declared relationship between domains.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Goals</h1><a id="user-content-goals" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Goals" href="#goals"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Allow for browsers to understand the relationships between domains of multi-domain sites such that they can make decisions on behalf of the user and/or effectively present that information to the user.</li> <li>Uphold existing web security principles such as the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy" rel="nofollow">Same Origin Policy</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Non-goals</h1><a id="user-content-non-goals" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Non-goals" href="#non-goals"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Expansion of capabilities beyond what is possible without recent browser-imposed privacy mitigations such as restrictions on third party cookies or cache partitioning.</li> <li>Third-party sign-in between unrelated sites.</li> <li>Information exchange between unrelated sites for ad targeting or conversion measurement.</li> <li>Other use cases which involve unrelated sites.</li> <li>Define specific UI treatment.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">(Some of these use cases are covered by <a href="https://privacysandbox.com/intl/en_us/open-web/#proposals-for-the-web" rel="nofollow">other explainers</a> from the Privacy Sandbox.)</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Use Cases</h1><a id="user-content-use-cases" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Use Cases" href="#use-cases"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">On the modern web, sites span multiple domains and many sites are owned & operated by the same organization. Organizations may want to maintain different top-level domains for:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>App domains - a single application may be deployed over multiple domains, where the user may seamlessly navigate between them as a single session. <ul dir="auto"> <li>office.com, live.com, microsoft.com (<a href="https://github.com/privacycg/first-party-sets/issues/35#issue-810396040" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/35/hovercard">reference</a>)</li> <li>lucidchart.com, lucid.co, lucidspark.com, lucid.app (<a href="https://github.com/privacycg/first-party-sets/issues/19#issuecomment-769277058" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/19/hovercard">reference</a>)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Brand domains <ul dir="auto"> <li>uber.com, ubereats.com</li> </ul> </li> <li>Country-specific domains to enable localization <ul dir="auto"> <li>google.co.in, google.co.uk</li> </ul> </li> <li>Sandbox domains that users never directly interact with, but exist to isolate user-uploaded content for security reasons. <ul dir="auto"> <li>google.com, googleusercontent.com</li> <li>github.com, githubusercontent.com</li> </ul> </li> <li>Service domains that users never directly interact with, but provide services across the same organization’s sites. <ul dir="auto"> <li>github.com, githubassets.com</li> <li>facebook.com, fbcdn.net</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> The above have been provided only to serve as real-world illustrative assumed examples of collections of domains that are owned by the same organization; and have not all been validated with the site owners.</p> <p dir="auto">This proposal anchors on the use cases described above to develop a framework for the browser to support limited cross-domain cookie access. This will allow browsers to ensure continued operation of existing functionality that would otherwise be broken by blocking cross-domain cookies ("third-party cookies"), and will support the seamless operation of functionality such as:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Sign-in across owned & operated properties <ul dir="auto"> <li>bbc.com and bbc.co.uk <ul dir="auto"> <li>Websites may also consider using the FedCM API for single sign-on functionality, if the relevant login flows can be encapsulated with the API's supported <a href="https://fedidcg.github.io/FedCM/#use-cases" rel="nofollow">use cases</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li>sony.com and playstation.com</li> </ul> </li> <li>Support for embedded content from across owned & operated properties (e.g. videos/documents/resources restricted to the user signed in on the top-level site)</li> <li>Separation of user-uploaded content from other site content for security reasons, while allowing the sandboxed domain access to authentication (and other) cookies. For example, Google sequesters such content on googleusercontent.com, GitHub on githubusercontent.com, CodePen <a href="https://blog.codepen.io/2019/10/03/changed-domains-for-iframe-previews/" rel="nofollow">on</a> cdpn.io. Hosting untrusted, compromised content on the same domain where a user is authenticated may result in attackers’ potentially capturing authentication cookies, or login credentials (in case of password managers that scope credentials to domains); and cause harm to users. <ul dir="auto"> <li>Alternative solution: Sandboxed domains can also consider using <a href="https://github.com/WICG/CHIPS">partitioned cookies</a>, if their user flows do not involve the sandboxed domain appearing in top-level contexts.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Analytics/measurement of user journeys across O&O properties to improve quality of services.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Proposal</h1><a id="user-content-proposal" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Proposal" href="#proposal"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">At a high level, a Related Website Set is a collection of domains, for which there is a single "set primary" and potentially multiple "set members." Only site authors will be able to submit their own set, and they will be required to declare the relationship between each "set member" to its "set primary." This declaration will be grounded in the <a href="#heading=h.4t8m5gy1pn0r">use cases</a> described above and defined by "subsets."</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Defining a "set" through use case-based "subsets"</h2><a id="user-content-defining-a-set-through-use-case-based-subsets" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Defining a "set" through use case-based "subsets"" href="#defining-a-set-through-use-case-based-subsets"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Throughout the evolution of this proposal, we considered how to define a single boundary that could determine set inclusion. However, formulating a definition or set of criteria that can both acknowledge the complex multi-domain dependence of websites and preserve a limited privacy boundary proved to be challenging. Instead of using a single definition or set of criteria to apply to a range of <a href="#use-cases">use cases</a>, we propose granular criteria and handling to be applied by use case by specifying "subsets."</p> <p dir="auto">At time of submission, "set primaries" and "set members" will be declared. Set members could include a range of different domain types, matching up to the different types of use cases (or <em>subsets</em>) such as domains that users never directly interact with, like service or sandbox domains; and domains where users may benefit from a seamless session, like brand or app domains.</p> <p dir="auto">We propose enumerating the range of applicable subsets within a set (beginning with subsets that correlate to the <a href="#use-cases">use cases described above</a>), requiring that a member domain must meet the definition of a single subset to be part of the set. For example, consider the following table as an example Related Website Sets schema:</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Set primary:</strong> exampleA.com</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th><br> <strong>Subset type</strong></th> <th><br> <strong>Subset definition</strong></th> <th><br> <strong>Example</strong></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><br> service</td> <td><br> Reserved for utility or sandbox domains.<br> <br> <br> <em>Requires common ownership.</em></td> <td><br> exampleA-usercontent.com<br> <br> exampleA-cdn.net</td> </tr> <tr> <td><br> associated</td> <td><br> Reserved for domains whose affiliation with the set primary is clearly presented to users (e.g., an About page, header or footer, shared branding or logo, or similar forms).</td> <td><br> exampleA-affiliated.com<br> <br> exampleB.com*<br> <br> exampleC.com*<br> <br> <br> *where exampleB and exampleC are separately owned websites, but clearly present their affiliation with exampleA to users</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <p dir="auto">While we think this subset framework has the clear benefit of furthering transparency around why a domain has been added to a set, the primary value to this framework is that the browser could handle each subset differently:</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th><strong>Subset type</strong></th> <th><strong>Subset definition</strong></th> <th><strong>Example browser handling policy</strong></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>service</td> <td>Reserved for utility or sandbox domains.<br> <br> Requires common ownership.</td> <td>No limit on domains, auto-grant access. Not allowed to be the top-level domain in a storage access grant.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>associated</td> <td>Reserved for domains whose affiliation with the set primary is clearly presented to users (e.g., an About page, header or footer, shared branding or logo, or similar forms).</td> <td>Limit of 5* domains. If greater than 5, auto-reject access.<br> <br> <em>*[^1]exact number TBD</em></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <p dir="auto">In addition to the subsets proposed above, we propose a mechanism by which a set can declare ccTLD (country code top-level domain) variants of domains in the same set.</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th><strong>Definition</strong></th> <th><strong>Example</strong></th> <th><strong>Example browser handling policy</strong></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Reserved for variations for a particular country or a geographical area.<br><br>Requires common ownership with the domain it is the variant of.</td> <td>exampleA.co.uk<br><br>exampleA.ca</td> <td>No limit on number of ccTLDs.<br><br>Inherits browser handling policy of the equivalent domain.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <p dir="auto">For example, <code>exampleA.co.uk</code> could be considered a ccTLD variant of <code>exampleA.com</code>. If <code>exampleB.com</code> and <code>exampleC.com</code> are listed in the associated subset, the inclusion of <code>exampleB.co.uk</code> and <code>exampleC.co.uk</code> as ccTLD variants (of <code>exampleB.com</code> and <code>exampleC.com</code>, respectively) would <em>not</em> count against the limit on the number of associated domains, and would be allowed.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Abuse mitigation measures</h3><a id="user-content-abuse-mitigation-measures" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Abuse mitigation measures" href="#abuse-mitigation-measures"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">We consider using a public submission process (like a GitHub repository) to be a valuable approach because it facilitates our goal to keep all set submissions public and submitters accountable to users, civil society, and the broader web ecosystem. For example, a mechanism to report potentially invalid sets may be provisioned. We expect public accountability to be a significant deterrent for intentionally miscategorized subsets.</p> <p dir="auto">The following technical checks also help to mitigate abuse:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Mutual exclusivity to ensure a domain isn't part of multiple Related Website Sets</li> <li><code>.well-known</code> file check on all domains to ensure authorized submissions</li> <li>Check against the <a href="https://publicsuffix.org/" rel="nofollow">Public Suffix List</a> to ensure that sets are composed of valid registrable domains</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Additionally, there are other enforcement strategies we could consider to further mitigate abuse. If there is a report regarding a domain specified under the "service" subset, potential reactive enforcement measures could be taken to validate that the domain in question is indeed a "service" subset.</p> <p dir="auto">For some subsets, like the "associated" subset, objective enforcement may be much more difficult and complex. In these situations, the browser's handling policy, such as a limit of five domains, should limit the scope of potential abuse. Additionally, we think that site authors will be beholden to the subset definition and avoid intentional miscategorization as their submissions would be entirely public and constitute an assertion of the relationship between domains.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Chrome’s Submission Guidelines and RWS Canonical List</h2><a id="user-content-chromes-submission-guidelines-and-rws-canonical-list" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Chrome’s Submission Guidelines and RWS Canonical List" href="#chromes-submission-guidelines-and-rws-canonical-list"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Chrome’s implementation will depend on the list of Related Website Sets generated via the process described in <a href="https://github.com/GoogleChrome/related-website-sets/blob/main/RWS-Submission_Guidelines.md">Submission Guidelines</a>. The guidelines aim to provide developers with clear expectations on how to submit sets to the <a href="https://github.com/GoogleChrome/related-website-sets/blob/main/related_website_sets.JSON">canonical list</a> that the browser will consume and apply to its behavior.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Leveraging the Storage Access API</h2><a id="user-content-leveraging-the-storage-access-api" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Leveraging the Storage Access API" href="#leveraging-the-storage-access-api"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">To facilitate the browser's ability to handle each subset differently, we are proposing leveraging the <a href="https://privacycg.github.io/storage-access/" rel="nofollow">Storage Access API</a> (SAA) to enable cookie access within a RWS.</p> <p dir="auto">With the SAA, sites may actively request cross-site cookie access, and user-agents may <a href="https://privacycg.github.io/storage-access/#ua-policy" rel="nofollow">make their own decisions</a> on whether to automatically grant or deny the request or choose to prompt the user. We propose that browsers supporting RWS incorporate set membership information into this decision. In other words, browsers may choose to automatically grant cross-site access when the requesting site is in the same RWS, or in a particular subset of the same RWS, as the top-level site.</p> <p dir="auto">We'd like to collaborate with the community in evolving the Storage Access API to improve developer and user experience and help the SAA better support the use cases that RWS is intended to solve. One way to do that is through extending the API surface in a way that makes it easier for developers to use the SAA without integrating iframes:</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Providing capabilities beyond the Storage Access API</h3><a id="user-content-providing-capabilities-beyond-the-storage-access-api" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Providing capabilities beyond the Storage Access API" href="#providing-capabilities-beyond-the-storage-access-api"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">SAA currently requires that the API: (a) be invoked from an iframe embedding the origin requesting cross-site cookies access, and that (b) the iframe obtains user activation before making such a request. We anticipate that the majority of site compatibility issues (specifically, those that RWS intends to address) involve instances where user interaction within an iframe is difficult to retrofit, e.g. because of the usage of images or script tags requiring cookies. Additionally, since cross-site subresources may be loaded synchronously by the top-level site, it may be difficult for the subresources to anticipate when asynchronous cookie access via SAA is granted. To address this difficulty, we <a href="https://github.com/mreichhoff/requestStorageAccessForSite">propose a new API</a> that we hope will make it easier for developers to adopt this change.</p> <p dir="auto">Note: Both Firefox and Safari have run into these issues before and have solved them through the application of an internal-only "requestStorageAccessForOrigin" API (<a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1724376" rel="nofollow">4</a>, <a href="https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/commit/e0690e2f6c7e51bd73b66e038b5d4d86a6f30909#diff-1d194b67d50610776c206cb5faa8f056cf1063dd9743c5a43cab834d43e5434cR253">5</a>), that is applied on a case-by-case basis by custom browser scripts (Safari: <a href="https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/blob/a39a03d621e441f3b7ca3a814d1bc0e2b8dd72be/Source/WebCore/page/Quirks.cpp#L1065">6</a>, <a href="https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/blob/main/Source/WebCore/page/Quirks.cpp#L1217">7</a> Firefox: <a href="https://phabricator.services.mozilla.com/D129185" rel="nofollow">8</a>, <a href="https://phabricator.services.mozilla.com/D124493" rel="nofollow">9</a>, <a href="https://phabricator.services.mozilla.com/D131643" rel="nofollow">10</a>).</p> <p dir="auto">As we continue to flesh out the Related Website Sets proposal, we invite feedback from browser vendors, web developers, and members of the web community. We will continue engagement through issues in this repo and through discussions in <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/wicg/" rel="nofollow">WICG</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Administrative controls</h2><a id="user-content-administrative-controls" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Administrative controls" href="#administrative-controls"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">For enterprise usage, browsers typically offer administrators options to control web platform behavior. Browsers may expose administrative options for locally-defined Related Website Sets (e.g., for private domains).</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">UI Treatment</h1><a id="user-content-ui-treatment" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: UI Treatment" href="#ui-treatment"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In order to provide transparency to users regarding the Related Website Set that a web page’s top-level domain belongs to, browsers may choose to present UI with information about the Related Website Set primary and the members list. One potential location in Chrome is the <a href="https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/enamel/goals-for-the-origin-info-bubble" rel="nofollow">Origin/Page Info Bubble</a> - this provides requisite information to discerning users, while avoiding the use of valuable screen real-estate or presenting confusing permission prompts. However, browsers are free to choose different presentation based on their UI patterns, or adjust as informed by user research.</p> <p dir="auto">Note that Related Website Sets also gives browsers the opportunity to group per-site controls (such as those at <code>chrome://settings/content/all</code>) by the “first-party” boundary instead of eTLD+1, which is not always the correct site boundary.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Domain Schemes</h1><a id="user-content-domain-schemes" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Domain Schemes" href="#domain-schemes"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In accordance with the <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#websocket-opening-handshake" rel="nofollow">Fetch</a> spec, user agents must "normalize" WebSocket schemes to HTTP(S) when determining whether a particular domain is a member of a Related Website Set. I.e. <code>ws://</code> must be mapped to <code>http://</code>, and <code>wss://</code> must be mapped to <code>https://</code>, before the lookup is performed.</p> <p dir="auto">User agents need not perform this normalization on the domains in their static lists; user agents may reject static lists that include non-HTTPS domains.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Clearing Site Data on Set Transitions</h1><a id="user-content-clearing-site-data-on-set-transitions" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Clearing Site Data on Set Transitions" href="#clearing-site-data-on-set-transitions"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Sites may need to change which Related Website Set they are a member of. Since membership in a set could provide access to cross-site cookies via automatic grants of the Storage Access API, we need to pay attention to these transitions so that they don’t link user identities across all the RWSs they’ve historically been in. In particular, we must ensure that a domain cannot transfer a user identifier from one Related Website Set to another when it changes its set membership. While a set member may not always request and be granted access to cross-site cookies, for the sake of simplicity of handling set transitions, we propose to treat such access as always granted.</p> <p dir="auto">In order to achieve this, the browser must clear site data after a site undergoes certain transitions, before starting any fetches that depend on that data/storage.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong><em>NOTE</em></strong>: most fetches do not depend on data that needs to be cleared, so browsers should try to optimize for request latency.</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto">The clearing should behave like <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/clear-site-data/#grammardef-" rel="nofollow"><code>Clear-Site-Data: "*"</code></a>, which includes cookies, storage, cache, as well as execution contexts (documents, workers, etc.). We don’t differentiate between different types of site data because:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>A user identifier could be stored in any of these storage types.</li> <li>Clearing just a few of the types would break sites that expect different types of data to be consistent with each other.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Since member sites can only add/remove themselves to/from RWSs with the consent from the primary, we look at Related Website Set changes as a site changing its RWS primary.</p> <p dir="auto">If a site’s primary changed:</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li>If this site had no RWS primary, the site's data won't be cleared. <ul dir="auto"> <li>Pro: Avoids adoption pain when a site joins a RWS.</li> <li>Con: Unclear how this lines up with user expectations about access to browsing history prior to set formation.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Otherwise, clear site data of this site.</li> </ol> <p dir="auto">Potential modification, which adds implementation complexity:</p> <ol start="3" dir="auto"> <li>If this site's new primary is a site that previously had the same RWS primary as the first site, the site's data won't be cleared. <ul dir="auto"> <li>Pro: Provides graceful transitions for examples (f) and (g).</li> <li>Con: Multi-stage transitions, such as (h) to (i) are unaccounted for.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Examples</h2><a id="user-content-examples" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Examples" href="#examples"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-representation.drawio.svg"><img src="/WICG/first-party-sets/raw/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-representation.drawio.svg" alt="" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <hr> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-not_clear.drawio.svg"><img src="/WICG/first-party-sets/raw/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-not_clear.drawio.svg" alt="" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">a. Site A and Site B create a RWS with Site A as the primary and Site B as the member. Site data will not be cleared.</p> <p dir="auto">b. Site C joins the existing RWS as a member site where Site A is the primary. Site data will not be cleared.</p> <hr> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-clear.drawio.svg"><img src="/WICG/first-party-sets/raw/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-clear.drawio.svg" alt="" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">c. Given an RWS with primary Site A and members Site B and Site C, if Site D joins this RWS and becomes the new primary; the previous set will be dissolved and the browser will clear data for Site A, Site B and Site C.</p> <p dir="auto">d. Given an RWS with primary Site A and members Site B and Site C, if Site B leaves the RWS, the browser will clear site data for Site B.</p> <p dir="auto">e. Given two RWSs, RWS1 has primary Site A and members Site B and Site C and RWS2 has primary Site X and member Site Y, if they join together as one RWS with Site A being the primary, the browser will clear site data for Site X and Site Y.</p> <hr> <p dir="auto">With the potential modification allowing sites to keep their data if the new set primary was a previous member:</p> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-potential_modification.drawio.svg"><img src="/WICG/first-party-sets/raw/main/images/FPS_clear_site_data-potential_modification.drawio.svg" alt="" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">f. Given an RWS with primary Site A and members Site B and Site C, if no site is added or removed, just Site C becomes the primary and Site A becomes the member, no site data will be cleared.</p> <p dir="auto">g. Given an RWS with primary Site A and members Site B and Site C, if Site A leaves the RWS and Site B becomes the primary, the browser will clear site data for Site A.</p> <p dir="auto">h. & i. Given the RWS with primary Site A and member Site B and Site C, if Site D joins this set as a member and later becomes the primary, site data of Site A, Site B and Site C is only preserved if the user happens to visit during the intermediate stage.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Alternative designs</h1><a id="user-content-alternative-designs" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Alternative designs" href="#alternative-designs"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Synchronous cross-site cookie access within same-party contexts</h2><a id="user-content-synchronous-cross-site-cookie-access-within-same-party-contexts" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Synchronous cross-site cookie access within same-party contexts" href="#synchronous-cross-site-cookie-access-within-same-party-contexts"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Where a Storage Access API invocation is automatically granted due to membership in the same Related Website Set, a similar effect may be achieved by user agents always allowing cross-site cookie access across sites within the same set. Such cookie access may be subject to rules such as <a href="https://web.dev/samesite-cookies-explained/" rel="nofollow">SameSite</a>, and depend on specification of a cookie attribute such as <a href="https://github.com/cfredric/sameparty">SameParty</a>. This would allow for synchronous cookie access on subresource requests, and, for most part, allows legacy same-party flows to continue functioning with minimal adoption costs involved for site authors. However, it prevents browsers' ability to mediate these flows and potentially intervene on behalf of users. Additionally, Storage Access API is already the preferred mechanism for gaining cross-site cookie access on major browsers such as Safari and Firefox.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Signed Assertions and set discovery instead of static lists</h2><a id="user-content-signed-assertions-and-set-discovery-instead-of-static-lists" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Signed Assertions and set discovery instead of static lists" href="#signed-assertions-and-set-discovery-instead-of-static-lists"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Static lists are easy to reason about and easy for others to inspect. At the same time, they can develop deployment and scalability issues. Changes to the list must be pushed to each user's browser via some update mechanism. This complicates sites' ability to deploy new related domains, particularly in markets where network connectivity limits update frequency. They also scale poorly if the list gets too large.</p> <p dir="auto">The <a href="/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/signed_assertions.md">Signed Assertions based design</a> proposes an alternative solution that involves the browser learning the composition of sets directly from the websites that the user visits. To prevent privacy risks from personalized sets and ensure policy conformance, they are still verified by an independent entity through a digital signature.</p> <p dir="auto">This design is significantly more complex than the consumption of a static list, especially when implementing <a href="/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/signed_assertions.md#discovering-first-party-sets">discovery and fetching of sets</a> in a privacy-preserving manner. As such, we prefer to start with the simpler static list approach, leaving the possibility of introducing a more complex alternative in the future.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Using EV Certificate information for dynamic verification of sets</h2><a id="user-content-using-ev-certificate-information-for-dynamic-verification-of-sets" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Using EV Certificate information for dynamic verification of sets" href="#using-ev-certificate-information-for-dynamic-verification-of-sets"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Validation_Certificate" rel="nofollow">Extended Validation (EV) Certificates</a>, in addition to backing encrypted exchange of information on the web, require verification of the legal entity associated with the website a certificate is issued for and encode information about this legal entity in the certificate itself. It might be possible to match this information for sites presenting EV certificates (or use the subjectAltName on a single EV certificate) to build Related Website Sets. This could be used in place of <a href="/WICG/first-party-sets/blob/main/signed_assertions.md">Signed Assertions</a> as part of a dynamic set discovery mechanism.</p> <p dir="auto">However, such an automatic mechanism would result in a very tight coupling of identity and feature exposure through Related Website Sets to the existing certificate infrastructure.</p> <p dir="auto">It's likely that this would negatively impact the deployment and use of encryption on the web, for example by forcing sites to obtain EV certificates as the only way to ensure continued functionality. A revocation of a certificate that is used for RWS would have grave implications (such as deletion of all local data through the Clear Site Data mechanism) and thus complicate the revocation process.</p> <p dir="auto">See <a href="https://github.com/privacycg/first-party-sets/issues/12" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/12/hovercard">Issue 12</a> for an extended discussion.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Self-attestation and technical enforcement</h2><a id="user-content-self-attestation-and-technical-enforcement" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Self-attestation and technical enforcement" href="#self-attestation-and-technical-enforcement"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Instead of having a verification entity check that domains in a set match the stated use case, it may be possible to rely on a combination of:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Self-attestation of conformance to the subset definitions by submitter.</li> <li>Technical consistency checks such as verifying control over domains, and ensuring that no domain appears in more than one set.</li> <li>Transparency logs documenting all acceptances and deletions to enable accountability and auditability.</li> <li>Mechanism/process for the general public to report potential misuse of Related Website Sets.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">At this time, a verification entity to detect and enforce against abuses of the Related Website Sets technology has not been engaged. This may change in the future.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Origins instead of registrable domains</h2><a id="user-content-origins-instead-of-registrable-domains" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Origins instead of registrable domains" href="#origins-instead-of-registrable-domains"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A Related Website Set is a collection of origins, but it is specified by registrable domains, which carries a dependency on the <a href="https://publicsuffix.org" rel="nofollow">public suffix list</a>. While this is consistent with the various proposed privacy models as well as cookie handling, the security boundary on the web is the origin, not registrable domain.</p> <p dir="auto">An alternate design would be to instead specify sets by origins directly. In this model, any https origin would be a possible Related Website Set primary, and each origin must individually join a set, rather than relying on the root as we do here. For continuity with the existing behavior, we would then define the registrable domain as the default Related Website Set for each origin. That is, by default, <code>https://foo.example.com</code>, <code>https://bar.example.com</code>, and <code>https://example.com:444</code> would all be in a set under <code>https://example.com</code>. Defining a set explicitly would override this default set.</p> <p dir="auto">This would reduce the web's dependency on the public suffix list, which would mitigate <a href="https://github.com/sleevi/psl-problems">various problems</a>. For instance, a university may allow students to register arbitrary subdomains at <code>https://foo.university.example</code>, but did not place <code>university.example</code> on the public suffix list, either due to compatibility concerns or oversight. With an origin-specified Related Website Set, individual origins could then detach themselves from the default set to avoid security problems with non-origin-based features such as cookies. (Note the <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-03#section-4.1.3.2" rel="nofollow">__Host- cookie prefix</a> also addresses this issue.)</p> <p dir="auto">This origin-defined approach has additional complications to resolve:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>There are a handful of features (cookies, document.domain) which are scoped to registrable domains, not origins. Those features should not transitively join two different sets. For instance, we must account for one set containing <code>https://foo.bar.example.com</code> and <code>https://example.com</code>, but not <code>https://bar.example.com</code>. For cookies, we can say that cookies remember the set which created them and we match both the Domain attribute and the related website set. Thus if <code>https://foo.bar.example.com</code> sets a Domain=example.com cookie, <code>https://example.com</code> can read it, but not <code>https://bar.example.com</code>. Other features would need similar updates.</li> <li>The implicit state should be expressible explicitly, to simplify rollback and deployment, which means Related Website Set manifests must describe patterns of origins, rather than a simple bounded list of domains. In particular, we should support subtree patterns.</li> <li><code>https://foo.example.com</code>'s implicit primary is <code>https://example.com</code>. If <code>https://example.com</code> then forms an explicit set which does not include <code>https://foo.example.com</code>, we need to change <code>https://foo.example.com</code>'s implicit state, perhaps to a singleton set.</li> <li>This complex set of patterns and implicit behaviors must be reevaluated against existing origins every time a Related Website Set is updated.</li> <li>Certificate wildcards (which themselves depend on the public suffix list) don't match an entire subtree. This conflicts with wanting to express implicit states above.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">These complexities are likely solvable while keeping most of this design, should browsers believe this is worthwhile.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Security and Privacy Considerations</h1><a id="user-content-security-and-privacy-considerations" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Security and Privacy Considerations" href="#security-and-privacy-considerations"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Avoid weakening new and existing security boundaries</h2><a id="user-content-avoid-weakening-new-and-existing-security-boundaries" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Avoid weakening new and existing security boundaries" href="#avoid-weakening-new-and-existing-security-boundaries"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Changes to the web platform that tighten boundaries for increased privacy often have positive effects on security as well. For example, cache partitioning restricts <a href="https://xsleaks.dev/docs/attacks/cache-probing/" rel="nofollow">cache probing</a> attacks and third-party cookie blocking makes it much harder to perform <a href="https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/csrf" rel="nofollow">CSRF</a> by default. Where user agents intend to use Related Website Sets to replace or extend existing boundaries based on <em>site</em> or <em>origin</em> on the web, it is important to consider not only the effects on privacy, but also on security.</p> <p dir="auto">Sites in a common RWS may have greatly varying security requirements, for example, a set could contain a site storing user credentials and another hosting untrusted user data. Even within the same set, sites still rely on cross-site and cross-origin restrictions to stay in control of data exposure. Within reason, it should not be possible for a compromised site in an RWS to affect the integrity of other sites in the set.</p> <p dir="auto">This consideration will always involve a necessary trade-off between gains like performance or interoperability and risks for users and sites. User agents should facilitate additional mechanisms such as a per-origin opt-in or opt-out to manage this trade-off. Site owners should be aware of the potential security implications of creating an RWS and form only the smallest possible set of domains that encompasses user workflows/journeys across an application, especially when some origins in the set opt into features that may leave them open to potential attacks from other origins in the set.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Prior Art</h1><a id="user-content-prior-art" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Prior Art" href="#prior-art"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Firefox's <a href="https://github.com/mozilla-services/shavar-prod-lists#entity-list">entity list</a></li> <li><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-sullivan-dbound-problem-statement-02" rel="nofollow">draft-sullivan-dbound-problem-statement-02</a></li> <li><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webappsec/2017Mar/0034.html" rel="nofollow">Single Trust and Same-Origin Policy v2</a> and <a href="https://www.w3.org/2017/11/06-webappsec-minutes.html#item12" rel="nofollow">affiliated domains</a> from John Wilander to public-webappsec</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Open question(s)</h1><a id="user-content-open-questions" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Open question(s)" href="#open-questions"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>We are still exploring how <a href="https://github.com/privacycg/CHIPS">CHIPS</a> <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/docs/privacy-sandbox/chips/#first-party-sets-and-cookie-partitioning" rel="nofollow">integrates with</a> Related Website Sets. We are working on technical changes to that design as well, and will share updates when we have a proposal.</li> <li>We may consider expanding the technical checks, where possible, involved in mitigating abuse (e.g., to validate ccTLD variants).</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Acknowledgements</h1><a id="user-content-acknowledgements" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Acknowledgements" href="#acknowledgements"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Other members of the W3C Privacy Community Group had previously suggested the use of SAA, or an equivalent API; in place of SameParty cookies. Thanks to @jdcauley (<a href="https://github.com/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/14#issuecomment-785144990" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/14/hovercard">1</a>), @arthuredelstein (<a href="https://github.com/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/42" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/WICG/first-party-sets/issues/42/hovercard">2</a>), and @johnwilander (<a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-privacycg/2022Jun/0001.html" rel="nofollow">3</a>).</li> <li>Browser vendors, web developers, and members of the web community provided valuable feedback during this proposal's incubation in the W3C Privacy Community Group.</li> <li>This proposal includes significant contributions from previous co-editors, David Benjamin, and Harneet Sidhana.</li> <li>We are also grateful for contributions from Chris Fredrickson and Shuran Huang.</li> </ul> </article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" 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1h4.245a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm7.251 10.324.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 0 1 1.994.574ZM8.755 4.75l-.004 7.322a3.752 3.752 0 0 1 1.992-.572H14.5v-9h-3.495a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-2.25 2.25Z"></path> </svg> Readme </a> </div> <include-fragment src="/WICG/first-party-sets/hovercards/citation/sidebar_partial?tree_name=main"> </include-fragment> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/WICG/first-party-sets/activity" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"> <svg text="gray" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-pulse mr-2"> <path d="M6 2c.306 0 .582.187.696.471L10 10.731l1.304-3.26A.751.751 0 0 1 12 7h3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.742l-1.812 4.528a.751.751 0 0 1-1.392 0L6 4.77 4.696 8.03A.75.75 0 0 1 4 8.5H.75a.75.75 0 0 1 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aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <strong>292</strong> stars </a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Watchers</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/WICG/first-party-sets/watchers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-eye mr-2"> <path d="M8 2c1.981 0 3.671.992 4.933 2.078 1.27 1.091 2.187 2.345 2.637 3.023a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0 1.798c-.45.678-1.367 1.932-2.637 3.023C11.67 13.008 9.981 14 8 14c-1.981 0-3.671-.992-4.933-2.078C1.797 10.83.88 9.576.43 8.898a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0-1.798c.45-.677 1.367-1.931 2.637-3.022C4.33 2.992 6.019 2 8 2ZM1.679 7.932a.12.12 0 0 0 0 .136c.411.622 1.241 1.75 2.366 2.717C5.176 11.758 6.527 12.5 8 12.5c1.473 0 2.825-.742 3.955-1.715 1.124-.967 1.954-2.096 2.366-2.717a.12.12 0 0 0 0-.136c-.412-.621-1.242-1.75-2.366-2.717C10.824 4.242 9.473 3.5 8 3.5c-1.473 0-2.825.742-3.955 1.715-1.124.967-1.954 2.096-2.366 2.717ZM8 10a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 8 10Z"></path> </svg> <strong>88</strong> watching </a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Forks</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/WICG/first-party-sets/forks" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <strong>75</strong> forks </a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" href="/contact/report-content?content_url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FWICG%2Ffirst-party-sets&report=WICG+%28user%29"> Report repository </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame"> <a href="/WICG/first-party-sets/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link"> Releases </a></h2> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted">No releases published</div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/orgs/WICG/packages?repo_name=first-party-sets" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link d-flex flex-items-center"> Packages <span title="0" hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="Counter ml-1">0</span> </a></h2> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted" > No packages published <br> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row" hidden> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <include-fragment src="/WICG/first-party-sets/used_by_list" accept="text/fragment+html"> </include-fragment> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/WICG/first-party-sets/graphs/contributors" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link d-flex flex-items-center"> Contributors <span title="24" data-view-component="true" class="Counter ml-1">24</span> </a></h2> <ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-wrap mb-n2"> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/krgovind" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/krgovind/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/54452408?s=64&v=4" alt="@krgovind" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/apps/github-actions" class="" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/15368?s=64&v=4" alt="@github-actions[bot]" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/johannhof" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/johannhof/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2622601?s=64&v=4" alt="@johannhof" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/cfredric" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/cfredric/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4204485?s=64&v=4" alt="@cfredric" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/shuranhuang" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/shuranhuang/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/89418275?s=64&v=4" alt="@shuranhuang" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/mikewest" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/mikewest/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1497?s=64&v=4" alt="@mikewest" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/mreichhoff" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/mreichhoff/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17800817?s=64&v=4" alt="@mreichhoff" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/hober" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/hober/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6235?s=64&v=4" alt="@hober" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/martinthomson" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/martinthomson/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/67641?s=64&v=4" alt="@martinthomson" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/cwilso" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/cwilso/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/507001?s=64&v=4" alt="@cwilso" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/michael-oneill" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/michael-oneill/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4211234?s=64&v=4" alt="@michael-oneill" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/jyasskin" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/jyasskin/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/83420?s=64&v=4" alt="@jyasskin" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/davidben" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/davidben/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/109690?s=64&v=4" alt="@davidben" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/mikesamuel" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/mikesamuel/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/368886?s=64&v=4" alt="@mikesamuel" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> </ul> <div data-view-component="true" class="mt-3"> <a text="small" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/graphs/contributors" data-view-component="true" class="Link--inTextBlock Link"> + 10 contributors </a></div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3">Languages</h2> <div class="mb-2"> <span data-view-component="true" class="Progress"> <span 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class="d-inline"> <a class="d-inline-flex flex-items-center flex-nowrap Link--secondary no-underline text-small mr-3" href="/WICG/first-party-sets/search?l=makefile" data-ga-click="Repository, language stats search click, location:repo overview"> <svg style="color:#427819;" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-dot-fill mr-2"> <path d="M8 4a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-default text-bold mr-1">Makefile</span> <span>3.3%</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </turbo-frame> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="footer pt-8 pb-6 f6 color-fg-muted p-responsive" role="contentinfo" > <h2 class='sr-only'>Footer</h2> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center flex-column-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap"> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-shrink-0 mx-2"> <a aria-label="Homepage" title="GitHub" 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14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details> </template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div> </div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn btn-invisible js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> </div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" ></div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice-assertive" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> 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