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velocity impact</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: low and high velocity impact"> <meta name="keywords" content="low and high velocity impact"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="low and high velocity impact"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 29580</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: low and high velocity impact</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29580</span> Classification of Impact Damages with Respect of Damage Tolerance Design Approach and Airworthiness Requirements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Mrna">T. Mrna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Doubrava"> R. Doubrava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes airworthiness requirements with respect damage tolerance. Damage tolerance determines the amount and magnitude of damage on parts of the airplane. Airworthiness requirements determine the amount of damage that can still be in flight capable of the condition. Component damage can be defined as barely visible impact damage, visible impact damage or clear visible impact damage. Damage is also distributed it according to the velocity. It is divided into low or high velocity impact damage. The severity of damage to the part of airplane divides the airworthiness requirements into several categories according to severity. Airworthiness requirements are determined by type airplane. All types of airplane do not have the same conditions for airworthiness requirements. This knowledge is important for designing and operating an airplane. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airworthiness%20requirements" title="airworthiness requirements">airworthiness requirements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20tolerance" title=" damage tolerance"> damage tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20and%20high%20velocity%20impact" title=" low and high velocity impact"> low and high velocity impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82178/classification-of-impact-damages-with-respect-of-damage-tolerance-design-approach-and-airworthiness-requirements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">569</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29579</span> Impact Characteristics of Fragile Cover Based on Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dejin%20Chen">Dejin Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Lin"> Bin Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohui%20LI"> Xiaohui LI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haobin%20Tian"> Haobin Tian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to acquire stable impact performance of cover, the factors influencing the impact force of the cover were analyzed and researched. The influence of impact factors such as impact velocity, impact weight and fillet radius of warhead was studied by Orthogonal experiment. Through the range analysis and numerical simulation, the results show that the impact velocity has significant influences on impact force of cover. The impact force decreases with the increase of impact velocity and impact weight. The test results are similar to the numerical simulation. The cover broke up into four parts along the groove. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragile%20cover" title="fragile cover">fragile cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20force" title=" impact force"> impact force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20foam" title=" epoxy foam"> epoxy foam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136873/impact-characteristics-of-fragile-cover-based-on-numerical-simulation-and-experimental-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29578</span> Measurements of Radial Velocity in Fixed Fluidized Bed for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Using LDV</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaolai%20Zhang">Xiaolai Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitao%20Zhang"> Haitao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiwen%20Sun"> Qiwen Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weixin%20Qian"> Weixin Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiyong%20Ying"> Weiyong Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process use fixed fluidized bed as a reactor. In order to understand the flow behavior in the fluidized bed better, the research of how the radial velocity affect the entire flow field is necessary. Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) was used to study the radial velocity distribution along the diameter direction of the cross-section of the particle in a fixed fluidized bed. The velocity in the cross-section is fluctuating within a small range. The direction of the speed is a random phenomenon. In addition to r/R is 1, the axial velocity are more than 6 times of the radial velocity, the radial velocity has little impact on the axial velocity in a fixed fluidized bed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fischer-Tropsch%20synthesis" title="Fischer-Tropsch synthesis">Fischer-Tropsch synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fixed%20fluidized%20bed" title=" Fixed fluidized bed"> Fixed fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDV" title=" LDV"> LDV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Velocity" title=" Velocity"> Velocity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24993/measurements-of-radial-velocity-in-fixed-fluidized-bed-for-fischer-tropsch-synthesis-using-ldv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29577</span> Analysis of High-Velocity Impacts on Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o">Conceição</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20F.%20M."> J. F. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebelo%20H."> Rebelo H.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corneliu%20C."> Corneliu C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pereira%20L."> Pereira L.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research analyses the response of two distinct types of concrete blocks, each possessing an approximate unconfined compressive strength of 30MPa, when exposed to high-velocity impacts produced by an Explosively Formed Penetrator (EFP) traveling at an initial velocity of 1200 m/s. Given the scarcity of studies exploring high-velocity impacts on concrete, the primary aim of this research is to scrutinize how concrete behaves under high-speed impacts, ultimately contributing valuable insights to the development of protective structures. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive numerical analysis was carried out in LS-DYNA to delve into the fracture mechanisms inherent in concrete under such extreme conditions. Subsequently, the obtained numerical outcomes were compared and validated through eight experimental field tests. The methodology employed involved a robust combination of numerical simulations and real-world experiments, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of concrete behavior in scenarios involving rapid, high-energy impacts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-velocity" title="high-velocity">high-velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20tests" title=" experimental tests"> experimental tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180950/analysis-of-high-velocity-impacts-on-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29576</span> Dynamic Response and Damage Modeling of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite Pipes: Numerical Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Maziz">Ammar Maziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostapha%20Tarfaoui"> Mostapha Tarfaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Rechak"> Said Rechak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high mechanical performance of composite pipes can be adversely affected by their low resistance to impact loads. Loads in dynamic origin are dangerous and cause consequences on the operation of pipes because the damage is often not detected and can affect the structural integrity of composite pipes. In this work, an advanced 3-D finite element (FE) model, based on the use of intralaminar damage models was developed and used to predict damage under low-velocity impact. The performance of the numerical model is validated with the confrontation with the results of experimental tests. The results show that at low impact energy, the damage happens mainly by matrix cracking and delamination. The model capabilities to simulate the low-velocity impact events on the full-scale composite structures were proved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20materials" title="composite materials">composite materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20velocity%20impact" title=" low velocity impact"> low velocity impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEA" title=" FEA"> FEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20behavior" title=" dynamic behavior"> dynamic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20damage%20modeling" title=" progressive damage modeling"> progressive damage modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107609/dynamic-response-and-damage-modeling-of-glass-fiber-reinforced-epoxy-composite-pipes-numerical-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29575</span> Enhancing Fracture Toughness of CF/PAEK Laminates for High-Velocity Impact Applications: An Experimental Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Keil">Johannes Keil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Mischorr"> Eric Mischorr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veit%20W%C3%BCrfel"> Veit Würfel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Cond%C3%A9-Wolter"> Jan Condé-Wolter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Liebsch"> Alexander Liebsch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maik%20Gude"> Maik Gude</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the aviation sector wastewater pipes are subjected to many different mechanical and medial loads. Worst-case scenarios include high-velocity impacts resulting from the introduction of foreign objects into the system. The industry is seeking to reduce the weight of these pipes, which are currently manufactured from titanium. A promising alternative is the use of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), specifically carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyaryletherketone (PAEK) laminates. This study employs an experimental methodology to investigate the impact resistance of CF/PAEK laminates, with a particular focus on three configurations: crimp, non-crimp, and interleaved matrix rich films in cross-ply laminates. High-velocity impacts were performed using a gas gun resulting in three-dimensional damage patterns. Afterwards the damage behavior was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using ultrasonic scans and computed tomography (CT). Samples with an interleaved matrix-rich film led to a reduction of the damage area by around 40% compared to the non-interleaved, non-crimp samples, while the crimp architecture resulted in a reduction of more than 60%. Therefore, these findings contribute to understanding the influence of laminate architecture on impact resistance, paving the way for more efficient materials in aviation applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20toughness" title="fracture toughness">fracture toughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-velocity-impact" title=" high-velocity-impact"> high-velocity-impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20architecture" title=" textile architecture"> textile architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20composites" title=" thermoplastic composites"> thermoplastic composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192076/enhancing-fracture-toughness-of-cfpaek-laminates-for-high-velocity-impact-applications-an-experimental-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29574</span> Drop Impact Study on Flexible Superhydrophobic Surface Containing Micro-Nano Hierarchical Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abinash%20Tripathy">Abinash Tripathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girish%20Muralidharan"> Girish Muralidharan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amitava%20Pramanik"> Amitava Pramanik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prosenjit%20Sen"> Prosenjit Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Superhydrophobic surfaces are abundant in nature. Several surfaces such as wings of butterfly, legs of water strider, feet of gecko and the lotus leaf show extreme water repellence behaviour. Self-cleaning, stain-free fabrics, spill-resistant protective wears, drag reduction in micro-fluidic devices etc. are few applications of superhydrophobic surfaces. In order to design robust superhydrophobic surface, it is important to understand the interaction of water with superhydrophobic surface textures. In this work, we report a simple coating method for creating large-scale flexible superhydrophobic paper surface. The surface consists of multiple layers of silanized zirconia microparticles decorated with zirconia nanoparticles. Water contact angle as high as 159±10 and contact angle hysteresis less than 80 was observed. Drop impact studies on superhydrophobic paper surface were carried out by impinging water droplet and capturing its dynamics through high speed imaging. During the drop impact, the Weber number was varied from 20 to 80 by altering the impact velocity of the drop and the parameters such as contact time, normalized spread diameter were obtained. In contrast to earlier literature reports, we observed contact time to be dependent on impact velocity on superhydrophobic surface. Total contact time was split into two components as spread time and recoil time. The recoil time was found to be dependent on the impact velocity while the spread time on the surface did not show much variation with the impact velocity. Further, normalized spreading parameter was found to increase with increase in impact velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20angle" title="contact angle">contact angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20angle%20hysteresis" title=" contact angle hysteresis"> contact angle hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20time" title=" contact time"> contact time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superhydrophobic" title=" superhydrophobic"> superhydrophobic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45602/drop-impact-study-on-flexible-superhydrophobic-surface-containing-micro-nano-hierarchical-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29573</span> Experimental Study of Iron Metal Powder Compacting by Controlled Impact</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Todor%20N.%20Penchev">Todor N. Penchev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20N.%20Karastoianov"> Dimitar N. Karastoianov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanislav%20D.%20Gyoshev"> Stanislav D. Gyoshev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For compacting of iron powder are used hydraulic presses and high velocity hammers. In this paper are presented initial research on application of an innovative powder compacting method, which uses a hammer working with controlled impact. The results show that by this method achieves the reduction of rebounds and improve efficiency of impact, compared with a high-speed compacting. Depending on the power of the engine (industrial rocket engine), this effect may be amplified to such an extent as to obtain a impact without rebound (sticking impact) and in long-time action of the impact force. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20metallurgy" title="powder metallurgy">powder metallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20powder%20compacting" title=" iron powder compacting"> iron powder compacting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocket%20engine" title=" rocket engine"> rocket engine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33204/experimental-study-of-iron-metal-powder-compacting-by-controlled-impact" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29572</span> Finite Element Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact Damage on Stiffened Composite Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Sun">Xuan Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingbo%20Tong"> Mingbo Tong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To understand the factors which affect impact damage on composite structures, particularly the effects of impact position and ribs. In this paper, a finite element model (FEM) of low-velocity impact damage on the composite structure was established via the nonlinear finite element method, combined with the user-defined materials subroutine (VUMAT) of the ABAQUS software. The structural elements chosen for the investigation comprised a series of stiffened composite panels, representative of real aircraft structure. By impacting the panels at different positions relative to the ribs, the effect of relative position of ribs was found out. Then the simulation results and the experiments data were compared. Finally, the factors which affect impact damage on the structures were discussed. The paper was helpful for the design of stiffened composite structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffened" title="stiffened">stiffened</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-velocity%20impact" title=" low-velocity impact"> low-velocity impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abaqus" title=" Abaqus"> Abaqus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20energy" title=" impact energy"> impact energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11275/finite-element-analysis-of-low-velocity-impact-damage-on-stiffened-composite-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">621</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29571</span> Sliding Velocity in Impact with Friction in Three-Dimensional Multibody Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20A.%20Elkaranshawy">Hesham A. Elkaranshawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20Abdelrazek"> Amr Abdelrazek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosam%20Ezzat"> Hosam Ezzat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper analyzes a single point rough collision in three dimensional rigid-multibody systems. A set of nonlinear different equations describing the progress and outcome of the impact are obtained. Specifically in case of the tangential, referred to as sliding, component of impact velocity is of great importance. Numerical methods are used to solve this problem. In this work, all these possible sliding behaviors during impact are identified, conditions leading to each behavior are specified, and an appropriate numerical procedure is suggested. A case of a four-degrees-of-freedom spatial robot that collides with its environment is investigated. The phase portrait of the tangential velocity, which presents the flow trajectories for different initial conditions, is calculated. Using the coefficient of friction as a control parameter, few phase portraits are drawn, each for a specific value of this coefficient. In addition, the bifurcation associated with the variation of this coefficient will be investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20impact" title="friction impact">friction impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20rigid%20multibody%20systems" title=" three-dimensional rigid multibody systems"> three-dimensional rigid multibody systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20velocity" title=" sliding velocity"> sliding velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20ordinary%20differential%20equations" title=" nonlinear ordinary differential equations"> nonlinear ordinary differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20portrait" title=" phase portrait"> phase portrait</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44096/sliding-velocity-in-impact-with-friction-in-three-dimensional-multibody-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29570</span> Energy Absorption Characteristic of a Coupler Rubber Buffer Used in Rail Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhixiang%20Li">Zhixiang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuguang%20Yao"> Shuguang Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Ma"> Wen Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coupler rubber buffer has been widely applied on the high-speed trains and the main function of the rubber buffer is dissipating the impact energy between vehicles. The rubber buffer consists of two groups of rubbers, which are both pre-compressed and then installed into the frame body. This paper focuses on the energy absorption characteristics of the rubber buffers particularly. Firstly, the quasi-static compression tests were carried out for 1 and 3 pairs of rubber sheets and some energy absorption responses relationship, i.e. Eabn = n×Eab1, Edissn = n×Ediss1, and Ean = Ea1, were obtained. Next, a series of quasi-static tests were performed for 1 pair of rubber sheet to investigate the energy absorption performance with different compression ratio of the rubber buffers. Then the impact tests with five impact velocities were conducted and the coupler knuckle was destroyed when the impact velocity was 10.807 km/h. The impact tests results showed that with the increase of impact velocity, the Eab, Ediss and Ea of rear buffer increased a lot, but the three responses of front buffer had not much increase. Finally, the results of impact tests and quasi-static tests were contrastively analysed and the results showed that with the increase of the stroke, the values of Eab, Ediss, and Ea were all increase. However, the increasing rates of impact tests were all larger than that of quasi-static tests. The maximum value of Ea was 68.76% in impact tests, it was a relatively high value for vehicle coupler buffer. The energy capacity of the rear buffer was determined for dynamic loading, it was 22.98 kJ. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber%20buffer" title="rubber buffer">rubber buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupler" title=" coupler"> coupler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorption" title=" energy absorption"> energy absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20tests" title=" impact tests"> impact tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96059/energy-absorption-characteristic-of-a-coupler-rubber-buffer-used-in-rail-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29569</span> The Effect of Honeycomb Core Thickness on the Repeated Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Sandwich Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Abo%20Sabah">S. H. Abo Sabah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20H.%20%20Kueh"> A. B. H. Kueh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20%20Megat%20Johari"> M. A. Megat Johari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20%20Majid"> T. A. Majid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a recent study, a new bio-inspired honeycomb sandwich beam (BHSB) mimicking the head configuration of the woodpecker was developed. The beam consists of two carbon/epoxy composite face sheets, aluminum honeycomb core, and rubber core to enhance the repeated low-velocity impact resistance of sandwich structures. This paper aims to numerically enhance the repeated low-velocity impact resistance of the BHSB via optimizing the aluminum honeycomb core thickness. The beam was investigated employing three core thicknesses: 20 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm at three impact energy levels (13.5 J, 15.55 J, 21.43 J). The results revealed that increasing the thickness of the aluminum honeycomb core to a certain level enhances the sandwich beam stiffness. The beam with the 25 mm honeycomb core thickness was the only beam that can sustain five repeated impacts achieving the highest impact resistance efficiency index, especially at high energy levels. Furthermore, the bottom face sheet of this beam developed the lowest stresses indicating that this thickness has a relatively better performance during impact events since it allowed minimal stress to reach the bottom face sheet. Overall, increasing the aluminum core thickness will increase the height of its cells subjecting it to buckling phenomenon. Therefore, this study suggests that the optimal thickness of the aluminum honeycomb core should be 65 % of the overall thickness of the sandwich beam to have the best impact resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandwich%20beams" title="sandwich beams">sandwich beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20thickness" title=" core thickness"> core thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20behavior" title=" impact behavior"> impact behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling "> modeling </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113735/the-effect-of-honeycomb-core-thickness-on-the-repeated-low-velocity-impact-behavior-of-sandwich-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29568</span> Numerical Investigation of Hot Oil Velocity Effect on Force Heat Convection and Impact of Wind Velocity on Convection Heat Transfer in Receiver Tube of Parabolic Trough Collector System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Afshar">O. Afshar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A solar receiver is designed for operation under extremely uneven heat flux distribution, cyclic weather, and cloud transient cycle conditions, which can include large thermal stress and even receiver failure. In this study, the effect of different oil velocity on convection coefficient factor and impact of wind velocity on local Nusselt number by Finite Volume Method will be analyzed. This study is organized to give an overview of the numerical modeling using a MATLAB software, as an accurate, time efficient and economical way of analyzing the heat transfer trends over stationary receiver tube for different Reynolds number. The results reveal when oil velocity is below 0.33m/s, the value of convection coefficient is negligible at low temperature. The numerical graphs indicate that when oil velocity increases up to 1.2 m/s, heat convection coefficient increases significantly. In fact, a reduction in oil velocity causes a reduction in heat conduction through the glass envelope. In addition, the different local Nusselt number is reduced when the wind blows toward the concave side of the collector and it has a significant effect on heat losses reduction through the glass envelope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=receiver%20tube" title="receiver tube">receiver tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20convection" title=" heat convection"> heat convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20conduction" title=" heat conduction"> heat conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nusselt%20number" title=" Nusselt number"> Nusselt number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38149/numerical-investigation-of-hot-oil-velocity-effect-on-force-heat-convection-and-impact-of-wind-velocity-on-convection-heat-transfer-in-receiver-tube-of-parabolic-trough-collector-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29567</span> Computational Approaches for Ballistic Impact Response of Stainless Steel 304</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mostafa">A. Mostafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a numerical study on determination of ballistic limit velocity (<em>V<sub>50</sub></em>) of stainless steel 304 (SS 304) used in manufacturing security screens. The simulated ballistic impact tests were conducted on clamped sheets with different thicknesses using ABAQUS/Explicit nonlinear finite element (FE) package. The ballistic limit velocity was determined using three approaches, namely: numerical tests based on material properties, FE calculated residual velocities and FE calculated residual energies. Johnson-Cook plasticity and failure criterion were utilized to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the SS 304 under various strain rates, while the well-known Lambert-Jonas equation was used for the data regression for the residual velocity and energy model. Good agreement between the investigated numerical methods was achieved. Additionally, the dependence of the ballistic limit velocity on the sheet thickness was observed. The proposed approaches present viable and cost-effective assessment methods of the ballistic performance of SS 304, which will support the development of robust security screen systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballistic%20velocity" title="ballistic velocity">ballistic velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20approaches" title=" numerical approaches"> numerical approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20screen" title=" security screen"> security screen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125088/computational-approaches-for-ballistic-impact-response-of-stainless-steel-304" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29566</span> The Impact of Vertical Velocity Parameter Conditions and Its Relationship with Weather Parameters in the Hail Event</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadine%20Ayasha">Nadine Ayasha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hail happened in Sukabumi (August 23, 2020), Sekadau (August 22, 2020), and Bogor (September 23, 2020), where this extreme weather phenomenon occurred in the dry season. This study uses the ERA5 reanalysis model data, it aims to examine the vertical velocity impact on the hail occurrence in the dry season, as well as its relation to other weather parameters such as relative humidity, streamline, and wind velocity. Moreover, HCAI product satellite data is used as supporting data for the convective cloud development analysis. Based on the results of graphs, contours, and Hovmoller vertical cut from ERA5 modeling, the vertical velocity values in the 925 Mb-300 Mb layer in Sukabumi, Sekadau, and Bogor before the hail event ranged between -1.2-(-0.2), -1.5-(-0.2), -1-0 Pa/s. A negative value indicates that there is an upward motion from the air mass that trigger the convective cloud growth, which produces hail. It is evidenced by the presence of Cumulonimbus cloud on HCAI product when the hail falls. Therefore, the vertical velocity has significant effect on the hail event. In addition, the relative humidity in the 850-700 Mb layer is quite wet, which ranges from 80-90%. Meanwhile, the streamline and wind velocity in the three regions show the convergence with slowing wind velocity ranging from 2-4 knots. These results show that the upward motion of the vertical velocity is enough to form the wet atmospheric humidity and form a convergence for the growth of the convective cloud, which produce hail in the dry season. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hail" title="hail">hail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20weather" title=" extreme weather"> extreme weather</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20velocity" title=" vertical velocity"> vertical velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20humidity" title=" relative humidity"> relative humidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streamline" title=" streamline"> streamline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144479/the-impact-of-vertical-velocity-parameter-conditions-and-its-relationship-with-weather-parameters-in-the-hail-event" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29565</span> Power Series Solution to Sliding Velocity in Three-Dimensional Multibody Systems with Impact and Friction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20A.%20Elkaranshawy">Hesham A. Elkaranshawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20M.%20Abdelrazek"> Amr M. Abdelrazek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosam%20M.%20Ezzat"> Hosam M. Ezzat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The system of ordinary nonlinear differential equations describing sliding velocity during impact with friction for a three-dimensional rigid-multibody system is developed. No analytical solutions have been obtained before for this highly nonlinear system. Hence, a power series solution is proposed. Since the validity of this solution is limited to its convergence zone, a suitable time step is chosen and at the end of it a new series solution is constructed. For a case study, the trajectory of the sliding velocity using the proposed method is built using 6 time steps, which coincides with a Runge-Kutta solution using 38 time steps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20with%20friction" title="impact with friction">impact with friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20ordinary%20differential%20equations" title=" nonlinear ordinary differential equations"> nonlinear ordinary differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20series%20solutions" title=" power series solutions"> power series solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20collision" title=" rough collision"> rough collision</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37962/power-series-solution-to-sliding-velocity-in-three-dimensional-multibody-systems-with-impact-and-friction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29564</span> Freezing Characteristics and Texture Variation of Apple Fruits after Dehydrofreezing Assisted by Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Ben%20Haj%20Said">Leila Ben Haj Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sihem%20Bellagha"> Sihem Bellagha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Allaf"> Karim Allaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study deals with the dehydrofreezing assisted by instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) treatment of apple fruits. Samples previously dehydrated until different water contents (200, 100, and 30% dry basis (db)) and DIC treated were frozen at two different freezing velocities (V+ and V-), depending on the thermal resistance established between the freezing airflow and the sample surface. The effects of sample water content (W) and freezing velocity (V) on freezing curves and characteristics, exudate water (EW) and texture variation were examined. Lower sample water content implied higher freezing rates, lower initial freezing points (IFP), lower practical freezing time (PFT), and lower specific freezing time (SFT). EW (expressed in g exudate water/100 g water in the product) of 200% and 100% db apple samples was approximately 3%, at low freezing velocity (V-). Whereas, it was lower than 0.5% for apple samples with 30% db water content. Moreover, the impact of freezing velocity on EW was significant and very important only for high water content samples. For samples whose water content was lower than 100% db, firmness (maximum puncture force) was as higher as the water content was lower, without any insignificant impact of freezing velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehydrofreezing" title="dehydrofreezing">dehydrofreezing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instant%20controlled%20pressure%20drop%20DIC" title=" instant controlled pressure drop DIC"> instant controlled pressure drop DIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freezing%20time" title=" freezing time"> freezing time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28017/freezing-characteristics-and-texture-variation-of-apple-fruits-after-dehydrofreezing-assisted-by-instant-controlled-pressure-drop-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29563</span> Sequential Padding: A Method to Improve the Impact Resistance in Body Armor Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Srivastava">Ankita Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhupendra%20S.%20Butola"> Bhupendra S. Butola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhijit%20Majumdar"> Abhijit Majumdar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Application of shear thickening fluid (STF) has been proved to increase the impact resistance performance of the textile structures to further use it as a body armor material. In the present research, STF was applied on Kevlar woven fabric to make the structure lightweight and flexible while improving its impact resistance performance. It was observed that getting a fair amount of add-on of STF on Kevlar fabric is difficult as Kevlar fabric comes with a pre-coating of PTFE which hinders its absorbency. Hence, a method termed as sequential padding is developed in the present study to improve the add-on of STF on Kevlar fabric. Contrary to the conventional process, where Kevlar fabric is treated with STF once using any one pressure, in sequential padding method, the Kevlar fabrics were treated twice in a sequential manner using combination of two pressures together in a sample. 200 GSM Kevlar fabrics were used in the present study. STF was prepared by adding PEG with 70% (w/w) nano-silica concentration. Ethanol was added with the STF at a fixed ratio to reduce viscosity. A high-speed homogenizer was used to make the dispersion. Total nine STF treated Kevlar fabric samples were prepared by using varying combinations and sequences of three levels of padding pressure {0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 bar). The fabrics were dried at 80°C for 40 minutes in a hot air oven to evaporate ethanol. Untreated and STF treated fabrics were tested for add-on%. Impact resistance performance of samples was also tested on dynamic impact tester at a fixed velocity of 6 m/s. Further, to observe the impact resistance performance in actual condition, low velocity ballistic test with 165 m/s velocity was also performed to confirm the results of impact resistance test. It was observed that both add-on% and impact energy absorption of Kevlar fabrics increases significantly with sequential padding process as compared to untreated as well as single stage padding process. It was also determined that impact energy absorption is significantly better in STF treated Kevlar fabrics when 1st padding pressure is higher, and 2nd padding pressure is lower. It is also observed that impact energy absorption of sequentially padded Kevlar fabric shows almost 125% increase in ballistic impact energy absorption (40.62 J) as compared to untreated fabric (18.07 J).The results are owing to the fact that the treatment of fabrics at high pressure during the first padding is responsible for uniform distribution of STF within the fabric structures. While padding with second lower pressure ensures the high add-on of STF for over-all improvement in the impact resistance performance of the fabric. Therefore, it is concluded that sequential padding process may help to improve the impact performance of body armor materials based on STF treated Kevlar fabrics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20armor" title="body armor">body armor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20resistance" title=" impact resistance"> impact resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevlar" title=" Kevlar"> Kevlar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20thickening%20fluid" title=" shear thickening fluid"> shear thickening fluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92928/sequential-padding-a-method-to-improve-the-impact-resistance-in-body-armor-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29562</span> Velocity Distribution in Open Channels with Sand: An Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Keramaris">E. Keramaris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, laboratory experiments in open channel flows over a sand bed were conducted. A porous bed (sand bed) with porosity of ε=0.70 and porous thickness of s΄=3 cm was tested. Vertical distributions of velocity were evaluated by using a two-dimensional (2D) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Velocity profiles are measured above the impermeable bed and above the sand bed for the same different total water heights (h= 6, 8, 10 and 12 cm) and for the same slope S=1.5. Measurements of mean velocity indicate the effects of the bed material used (sand bed) on the flow characteristics (Velocity distribution and Reynolds number) in comparison with those above the impermeable bed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20image%20velocimetry" title="particle image velocimetry">particle image velocimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20bed" title=" sand bed"> sand bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20distribution" title=" velocity distribution"> velocity distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20number" title=" Reynolds number"> Reynolds number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46893/velocity-distribution-in-open-channels-with-sand-an-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29561</span> Comparison of Low Velocity Impact Test on Coir Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Mendoza">Ricardo Mendoza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Brice%C3%B1o"> Jason Briceño</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20F.%20Santa"> Juan F. Santa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Peluffo"> Gabriel Peluffo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauricio%20M%C3%A1rquez"> Mauricio Márquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beatriz%20Cardozo"> Beatriz Cardozo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Guti%C3%A9rrez"> Carlos Gutiérrez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most common controlled method to obtain impact strength of composites materials is performing a Charpy Impact Test which consists of a pendulum with calibrated mass and length released from a known height. In fact, composites components experience impact events in normal operations such as when a tool drops or a foreign object strikes it. These events are categorized into low velocity impact (LVI) which typically occurs at velocities below 10m/s. In this study, the major aim was to calculate the absorbed energy during the impact. Tests were performed on three types of composite panels: fiberglass laminated panels, coir fiber reinforced polyester and coir fiber reinforced polyester subjected to water immersion for 48 hours. Coir fibers were obtained in local plantations of the Caribbean coast of Colombia. They were alkali treated in 5% aqueous NaOH solution for 2h periods. Three type of shape impactors were used on drop-weight impact test including hemispherical, ogive and pointed. Failure mechanisms and failure modes of specimens were examined using an optical microscope. Results demonstrate a reduction in absorbed energy correlated with the increment of water absorption of the panels. For each level of absorbed energy, it was possible to associate a different fracture state. This study compares results of energy absorbed obtained from two impact test methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coir%20fiber" title="coir fiber">coir fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyester%20composites" title=" polyester composites"> polyester composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20velocity%20impact" title=" low velocity impact"> low velocity impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charpy%20impact%20test" title=" Charpy impact test"> Charpy impact test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drop-weight%20impact%20test" title=" drop-weight impact test"> drop-weight impact test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55674/comparison-of-low-velocity-impact-test-on-coir-fiber-reinforced-polyester-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29560</span> Mechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery at Different Packing Angles Under Impact Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Zhao">Wei Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuxuan%20Yao"> Yuxuan Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Chen"> Hao Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to find out the mechanical properties and failure behavior of lithium-ion batteries, drop hammer impact experiments and finite element simulations are carried out on batteries with different packed angles. Firstly, a drop hammer impact experiment system, which is based on the DHR-1808 drop hammer and oscilloscope, is established, and then a drop test of individual batteries and packed angles of 180 ° and 120 ° are carried out. The image of battery deformation, force-time curve and voltage-time curve are recorded. Secondly, finite element models of individual batteries and two packed angles are established, and the results of the test and simulation are compared. Finally, the mechanical characteristics and failure behavior of lithium-ion battery modules with the packed arrangement of 6 * 6 and packing angles of 180 °, 120 °, 90 ° and 60 ° are analyzed under the same velocity with different battery packing angles, and the same impact energy with different impact velocity and different packing angles. The result shows that the individual battery is destroyed completely in the drop hammer impact test with an initial impact velocity of 3m/s and drop height of 459mm, and the voltage drops to close to 0V when the test ends. The voltage drops to 12V when packed angle of 180°, and 3.6V when packed angle of 120°. It is found that the trend of the force-time curve between simulation and experiment is generally consistent. The difference in maximum peak value is 3.9kN for a packing angle of 180° and 1.3kN for a packing angle of 120°. Under the same impact velocity and impact energy, the strain rate of the battery module with a packing angle of 180° is the lowest, and the maximum stress can reach 26.7MPa with no battery short-circuited. The research under our experiment and simulation shows that the lithium-ion battery module with a packing angle of 180 ° is the least likely to be damaged, which can sustain the maximum stress under the same impact load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20module" title="battery module">battery module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20simulation" title=" finite element simulation"> finite element simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20battery" title=" power battery"> power battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packing%20angle" title=" packing angle"> packing angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182236/mechanical-properties-of-lithium-ion-battery-at-different-packing-angles-under-impact-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29559</span> An Approach to Low Velocity Impact Damage Modelling of Variable Stiffness Curved Composite Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buddhi%20Arachchige">Buddhi Arachchige</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hessam%20Ghasemnejad"> Hessam Ghasemnejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the post impact behavior of curved composite plates subjected to low velocity impact was studied analytically and numerically. Approaches to damage modelling are proposed through the degradation of stiffness in the damaged region by reduction of thickness in the damage region. Spring-mass models were used to model the impact response of the plate and impactor. The study involved designing two damage models to compare and contrast the model best fitted with the numerical results. The theoretical force-time responses were compared with the numerical results obtained through a detailed study carried out in LS-DYNA. The modified damage model established a good prediction with the analytical force-time response for different layups and geometry. This study provides a gateway in selecting the most effective layups for variable stiffness curved composite panels able to withstand a higher impact damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20modelling" title="analytical modelling">analytical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20damage" title=" composite damage"> composite damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20stiffness" title=" variable stiffness"> variable stiffness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55172/an-approach-to-low-velocity-impact-damage-modelling-of-variable-stiffness-curved-composite-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29558</span> Use of Dendrochronology in Estimation of Creep Velocity and Its Dependence on the Bulk Density of Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Amjad%20Sabir">Mohammad Amjad Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishtiaq%20Khan"> Ishtiaq Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Ali"> Shahid Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Shabbir"> Umar Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aneel%20Ahmad"> Aneel Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creep, being the main silt contributor to the rivers, is a slow, downhill flow of soils. The creep velocity is measured in millimeters to a couple of centimeters per year and is determined with the help of tilt caused by creep in the vertical objects and needs at least ten years to get a reliable creep velocity. This project was devised to calculate creep velocity using dendrochronology and looking for the difference of creep velocity registered by different trees on the same slope. It was concluded that dendrochronology provides a very reliable procedure of creep velocity estimation if ‘J’ shaped trees are studied for their horizontal movement and age. The age of these trees was measured using tree coring, and the horizontal movement was measured with a conventional tape. Using this procedure it does not require decades and additionally the data reveals the creep velocity for up to 150 years and even more instead of just a decade. It was also concluded that the creep velocity does not only depend on bulk density of soil hence no pronounced effect of bulk density was detected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep%20velocity" title="creep velocity">creep velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galiyat" title=" Galiyat"> Galiyat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dendrochronology" title=" dendrochronology"> dendrochronology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagri%20Bala" title=" Nagri Bala"> Nagri Bala</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100711/use-of-dendrochronology-in-estimation-of-creep-velocity-and-its-dependence-on-the-bulk-density-of-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29557</span> An Automated Bender Element System Used for S-Wave Velocity Tomography during Model Pile Installation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuxin%20Wu">Yuxin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Shing%20Wang"> Yu-Shing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zitao%20Zhang"> Zitao Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A high-speed and time-lapse S-wave velocity measurement system has been built up for S-wave tomography in sand. This system is based on bender elements and applied to model pile tests in a tailor-made pressurized chamber to monitor the shear wave velocity distribution during pile installation in sand. Tactile pressure sensors are used parallel together with bender elements to monitor the stress changes during the tests. Strain gages are used to monitor the shaft resistance and toe resistance of pile. Since the shear wave velocity (Vs) is determined by the shear modulus of sand and the shaft resistance of pile is also influenced by the shear modulus of sand around the pile, the purposes of this study are to time-lapse monitor the S-wave velocity distribution change at a certain horizontal section during pile installation and to correlate the S-wave velocity distribution and shaft resistance of pile in sand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bender%20element" title="bender element">bender element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile" title=" pile"> pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shaft%20resistance" title=" shaft resistance"> shaft resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wave%20velocity" title=" shear wave velocity"> shear wave velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomography" title=" tomography"> tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59285/an-automated-bender-element-system-used-for-s-wave-velocity-tomography-during-model-pile-installation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29556</span> Study of the Influence of Nozzle Length and Jet Angles on the Air Entrainment by Plunging Water Jets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Luis%20Mu%C3%B1oz-Cobo%20Gonz%C3%A1lez">José Luis Muñoz-Cobo González</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Chiva%20Vicent"> Sergio Chiva Vicent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Harby%20Mohamed"> Khaled Harby Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When a vertical liquid jet plunges into a liquid surface, after passing through a surrounding gas phase, it entrains a large amount of gas bubbles into the receiving pool, and it forms a large submerged two-phase region with a considerable interfacial area. At the intersection of the plunging jet and the liquid surface, free-surface instabilities are developed, and gas entrainment may be observed. If the jet impact velocity exceeds an inception velocity that is a function of the plunging flow conditions, the gas entrainment takes place. The general goal of this work is to study the effect of nozzle parameters (length-to-diameter ratio (lN/dN), jet angle (α) with the free water surface) and the jet operating conditions (initial jet diameters dN, initial jet velocity VN, and jet length x1) on the flow characteristics such as: inception velocity of the gas entrainment Ve, bubble penetration depth Hp, gas entrainment rate, Qa, centerline jet velocity Vc, and the axial jet velocity distribution Vx below the free water surface in a plunging liquid jet system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20plunging%20water%20jets" title="inclined plunging water jets">inclined plunging water jets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrainment" title=" entrainment"> entrainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20phase%20flow" title=" two phase flow"> two phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle%20length" title=" nozzle length"> nozzle length</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15058/study-of-the-influence-of-nozzle-length-and-jet-angles-on-the-air-entrainment-by-plunging-water-jets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29555</span> Three-Dimensional, Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Bullet Penetration through Thin AISI 4340 Steel Target Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Soni">Abhishek Soni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kumaraswamy"> A. Kumaraswamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Mahesh"> M. S. Mahesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bullet penetration in steel plate is investigated with the help of three-dimensional, non-linear, transient, dynamic, finite elements analysis using explicit time integration code LSDYNA. The effect of large strain, strain-rate and temperature at very high velocity regime was studied from number of simulations of semi-spherical nose shape bullet penetration through single layered circular plate with 2 mm thickness at impact velocities of 500, 1000, and 1500 m/s with the help of Johnson Cook material model. Mie-Gruneisen equation of state is used in conjunction with Johnson Cook material model to determine pressure-volume relationship at various points of interests. Two material models viz. Plastic-Kinematic and Johnson- Cook resulted in different deformation patterns in steel plate. It is observed from the simulation results that the velocity drop and loss of kinetic energy occurred very quickly up to perforation of plate, after that the change in velocity and changes in kinetic energy are negligibly small. The physics behind this kind of behaviour is presented in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AISI%204340%20steel" title="AISI 4340 steel">AISI 4340 steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballistic%20impact%20simulation" title=" ballistic impact simulation"> ballistic impact simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bullet%20penetration" title=" bullet penetration"> bullet penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20FEM" title=" non-linear FEM"> non-linear FEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82589/three-dimensional-non-linear-finite-element-analysis-of-bullet-penetration-through-thin-aisi-4340-steel-target-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29554</span> Simulation Studies of Solid-Particle and Liquid-Drop Erosion of NiAl Alloy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rong%20Liu">Rong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuiying%20Chen"> Kuiying Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju%20Chen"> Ju Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingrong%20Zhao"> Jingrong Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Liang"> Ming Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents modeling studies of NiAl alloy under solid-particle erosion and liquid-drop erosion. In the solid particle erosion simulation, attention is paid to the oxide scale thickness variation on the alloy in high-temperature erosion environments. The erosion damage is assumed to be deformation wear and cutting wear mechanisms, incorporating the influence of the oxide scale on the eroded surface; thus the instantaneous oxide thickness is the result of synergetic effect of erosion and oxidation. For liquid-drop erosion, special interest is in investigating the effects of drop velocity and drop size on the damage of the target surface. The models of impact stress wave, mean depth of penetration, and maximum depth of erosion rate (Max DER) are employed to develop various maps for NiAl alloy, including target thickness vs. drop size (diameter), rate of mean depth of penetration (MDRP) vs. drop impact velocity, and damage threshold velocity (DTV) vs. drop size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-drop%20erosion" title="liquid-drop erosion">liquid-drop erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiAl%20alloy" title=" NiAl alloy"> NiAl alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxide%20scale%20thickness" title=" oxide scale thickness"> oxide scale thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid-particle%20erosion" title=" solid-particle erosion"> solid-particle erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15516/simulation-studies-of-solid-particle-and-liquid-drop-erosion-of-nial-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29553</span> Reliability Analysis of Glass Epoxy Composite Plate under Low Velocity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivdayal%20Patel">Shivdayal Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhail%20Ahmad"> Suhail Ahmad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Safety assurance and failure prediction of composite material component of an offshore structure due to low velocity impact is essential for associated risk assessment. It is important to incorporate uncertainties associated with material properties and load due to an impact. Likelihood of this hazard causing a chain of failure events plays an important role in risk assessment. The material properties of composites mostly exhibit a scatter due to their in-homogeneity and anisotropic characteristics, brittleness of the matrix and fiber and manufacturing defects. In fact, the probability of occurrence of such a scenario is due to large uncertainties arising in the system. Probabilistic finite element analysis of composite plates due to low-velocity impact is carried out considering uncertainties of material properties and initial impact velocity. Impact-induced damage of composite plate is a probabilistic phenomenon due to a wide range of uncertainties arising in material and loading behavior. A typical failure crack initiates and propagates further into the interface causing de-lamination between dissimilar plies. Since individual crack in the ply is difficult to track. The progressive damage model is implemented in the FE code by a user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT) to overcome these problems. The limit state function is accordingly established while the stresses in the lamina are such that the limit state function (g(x)>0). The Gaussian process response surface method is presently adopted to determine the probability of failure. A comparative study is also carried out for different combination of impactor masses and velocities. The sensitivity based probabilistic design optimization procedure is investigated to achieve better strength and lighter weight of composite structures. Chain of failure events due to different modes of failure is considered to estimate the consequences of failure scenario. Frequencies of occurrence of specific impact hazards yield the expected risk due to economic loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title="composites">composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20propagation" title=" damage propagation"> damage propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20velocity%20impact" title=" low velocity impact"> low velocity impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20of%20failure" title=" probability of failure"> probability of failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty%20modeling" title=" uncertainty modeling"> uncertainty modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89359/reliability-analysis-of-glass-epoxy-composite-plate-under-low-velocity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29552</span> Briquetting of Metal Chips by Controlled Impact: Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Todor%20Penchev">Todor Penchev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20Karastojanov"> Dimitar Karastojanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Altaparmakov"> Ivan Altaparmakov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For briquetting of metal chips are used hydraulic and mechanical presses. The density of the briquettes in this case is about 60% - 70 % on the density of solid metal. In this work are presented the results of experimental studies for briquetting of metal chips, by using a new technology for impact briquetting. The used chips are by Armco iron, steel, cast iron, copper, aluminum and brass. It has been found that: (i) in a controlled impact the density of the briquettes can be increases up to 30%; (ii) at the same specific impact energy Es (J/sm3) the density of the briquettes increases with increasing of the impact velocity; (iii), realization of the repeated impact leads to decrease of chips density, which can be explained by distribution of elastic waves in the briquette. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=briquetting" title="briquetting">briquetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chips%20briquetting" title=" chips briquetting"> chips briquetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20briquetting" title=" impact briquetting"> impact briquetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20impact" title=" controlled impact"> controlled impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10962/briquetting-of-metal-chips-by-controlled-impact-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29551</span> Cold Model Experimental Research on Particle Velocity Distribution in Gas-Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed for Methanol-To-Olefins Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongzheng%20Li">Yongzheng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongfang%20Ma"> Hongfang Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiwen%20Sun"> Qiwen Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitao%20Zhang"> Haitao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiyong%20Ying"> Weiyong Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radial profiles of particle velocities were investigated in a 6.1 m tall methanol-to-olefins cold model experimental device using a TSI laser Doppler velocimeter. The measurement of axial levels was conducted in the full developed region. The effect of axial level on flow development was not obvious under the same operating condition. Superficial gas velocity and solid circulating rate had significant influence on particle velocity in the center region of the riser. Besides, comparisons between upward, downward and average particle velocity were conducted. The average particle velocity was close to upward velocity and higher than downward velocity in radial locations except the wall region of riser. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circulating%20fluidized%20bed" title="circulating fluidized bed">circulating fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20doppler%20velocimeter" title=" laser doppler velocimeter"> laser doppler velocimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20velocity" title=" particle velocity"> particle velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20profile" title=" radial profile"> radial profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25000/cold-model-experimental-research-on-particle-velocity-distribution-in-gas-solid-circulating-fluidized-bed-for-methanol-to-olefins-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20and%20high%20velocity%20impact&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20and%20high%20velocity%20impact&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20and%20high%20velocity%20impact&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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