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1907–1924: Early life and education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1907–1924:_Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1924–1929:_Early_acting_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1924–1929:_Early_acting_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 1924–1929: Early acting career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1924–1929:_Early_acting_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1930–1935:_Rising_star" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930–1935:_Rising_star"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 1930–1935: Rising star </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930–1935:_Rising_star-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1936–1938:_Old_Vic_and_Vivien_Leigh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1936–1938:_Old_Vic_and_Vivien_Leigh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 1936–1938: Old Vic and Vivien Leigh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1936–1938:_Old_Vic_and_Vivien_Leigh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1938–1944:_Hollywood_and_war_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1938–1944:_Hollywood_and_war_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 1938–1944: Hollywood and war years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1938–1944:_Hollywood_and_war_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1944–1948:_Co-directing_the_Old_Vic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1944–1948:_Co-directing_the_Old_Vic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 1944–1948: Co-directing the Old Vic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1944–1948:_Co-directing_the_Old_Vic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1948–1951:_Post-war_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948–1951:_Post-war_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 1948–1951: Post-war work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948–1951:_Post-war_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1951–1954:_Independent_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1951–1954:_Independent_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 1951–1954: Independent work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1951–1954:_Independent_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1955–1956:_Last_productions_with_Leigh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1955–1956:_Last_productions_with_Leigh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 1955–1956: Last productions with Leigh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1955–1956:_Last_productions_with_Leigh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1957–1963:_Royal_Court_and_Chichester" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1957–1963:_Royal_Court_and_Chichester"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 1957–1963: Royal Court and Chichester </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1957–1963:_Royal_Court_and_Chichester-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11 National Theatre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1963–1968" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1963–1968"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11.1 1963–1968 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1963–1968-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1968–1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1968–1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11.2 1968–1974 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1968–1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1975–1989:_Later_years_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1975–1989:_Later_years_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.12 1975–1989: Later years and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1975–1989:_Later_years_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Awards and honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technique_and_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technique_and_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Technique and reputation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technique_and_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notes and references </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes and references subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Laurence Olivier</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" > 77 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87" title="لورنس أوليفيه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لورنس أوليفيه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lourens_Olivye" title="Lourens Olivye – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lourens Olivye" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87" title="লরন্স অলিভিয়ে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লরন্স অলিভিয়ে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Лоренс Оливье – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лоренс Оливье" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%B5" title="Лоўрэнс Аліўе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лоўрэнс Аліўе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%B5" title="Лоўрэнс Аліўе – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лоўрэнс Аліўе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Лорънс Оливие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лорънс Оливие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%82_%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B5" title="Λόρενς Ολίβιε – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λόρενς Ολίβιε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87" title="لارنس الیویه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لارنس الیویه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%9F%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%AC%EB%B9%84%EC%97%90" title="로런스 올리비에 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로런스 올리비에" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD_%D5%95%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A5" title="Լոուրենս Օլիվիե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լոուրենս Օլիվիե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="לורנס אוליבייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לורנס אוליבייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94" title="ლორენს ოლივიე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლორენს ოლივიე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Лоуренс Оливье – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лоуренс Оливье" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurentius_Olivier" title="Laurentius Olivier – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Laurentius Olivier" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenss_Olivj%C4%93" title="Lorenss Olivjē – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lorenss Olivjē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Лоренс Оливие – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лоренс Оливие" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="लॉरेन्स ऑलिव्हिये – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लॉरेन्स ऑलिव्हिये" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94" title="ლორენს ოლივიე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლორენს ოლივიე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%87" title="لورانس اوليڤييه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لورانس اوليڤييه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A8" title="ローレンス・オリヴィエ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ローレンス・オリヴィエ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲਾਰੈਂਸ ਓਲੀਵੀਅਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਰੈਂਸ ਓਲੀਵੀਅਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5,_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Оливье, Лоренс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оливье, Лоренс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A4%DB%8C%DB%95" title="لۆرنس ئۆلیڤیە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لۆرنس ئۆلیڤیە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Лоренс Оливије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лоренс Оливије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="லாரன்ஸ் ஆலிவர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லாரன்ஸ் ஆலிவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ลอเรนซ์ โอลิวีเอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลอเรนซ์ โอลิวีเอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%27%D1%94" title="Лоуренс Олів'є – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лоуренс Олів'є" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="劳伦斯·奥利维尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="劳伦斯·奥利维尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Laurence Olivier" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%98%AD%E5%A3%AB%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%8A%B1" title="羅蘭士奧利花 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅蘭士奧利花" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="劳伦斯·奥利维尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="劳伦斯·奥利维尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55245#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Laurence_Olivier" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to 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For his uncle, see <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Olivier,_1st_Baron_Olivier" title="Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier">Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn">The Lord Olivier</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Olivier_6_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lord_Olivier_6_Allan_Warren.jpg/220px-Lord_Olivier_6_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lord_Olivier_6_Allan_Warren.jpg/330px-Lord_Olivier_6_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lord_Olivier_6_Allan_Warren.jpg/440px-Lord_Olivier_6_Allan_Warren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2094" data-file-height="3028" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Olivier in 1972</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Laurence Kerr Olivier</div> (1907-05-22)22 May 1907 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Dorking" title="Dorking">Dorking</a>, Surrey, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 July 1989(1989-07-11) (aged 82) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Ashurst,_West_Sussex" title="Ashurst, West Sussex">Ashurst, West Sussex</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_School_of_Speech_Training_and_Dramatic_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art">Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Actor</li> <li>director</li> <li>producer</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jill_Esmond" title="Jill Esmond">Jill Esmond</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1930; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1940)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1940; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1960)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Plowright" title="Joan Plowright">Joan Plowright</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1961)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurence_Olivier_-_portrait.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Laurence_Olivier_-_portrait.JPG/75px-Laurence_Olivier_-_portrait.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Laurence_Olivier_-_portrait.JPG/113px-Laurence_Olivier_-_portrait.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Laurence_Olivier_-_portrait.JPG/150px-Laurence_Olivier_-_portrait.JPG 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="929" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_on_stage_and_screen" title="Laurence Olivier on stage and screen">Credits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Laurence_Olivier" title="List of awards and nominations received by Laurence Olivier">Accolades</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Laurence_Olivier" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Laurence Olivier">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" class="extiw" title="q:Laurence Olivier">Quotes</a></li></ul> </div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Awards" title="Laurence Olivier Awards">The Olivier Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Acting" title="On Acting">On Acting</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 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Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈlɒrəns ˈkɜːr əˈlɪvieɪ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LORR-ənss KUR ə-LIV-ee-ay</a>; 22 May 1907 – 11 July 1989) was an English actor and director. He and his contemporaries <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> made up a trio of male actors who dominated the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Theatre of the United Kingdom">British stage</a> of the mid-20th century. He also worked in films throughout his career, playing more than fifty cinema roles. Late in his career he had considerable success in television roles. Olivier's family had no theatrical connections, but his father, a clergyman, decided that his son should become an actor. After attending a drama school in London, Olivier learned his craft in a succession of acting jobs during the late 1920s. In 1930 he had his first important <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> success in <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Private_Lives" title="Private Lives">Private Lives</a>, and he appeared in his first film. In 1935 he played in a celebrated production of Romeo and Juliet alongside Gielgud and <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a>, and by the end of the decade he was an established star. In the 1940s, together with Richardson and <a href="/wiki/John_Burrell_(theatre_director)" title="John Burrell (theatre director)">John Burrell</a>, Olivier was the co-director of <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">the Old Vic</a>, building it into a highly respected company. There his most celebrated roles included <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex" title="Oedipus Rex">Oedipus</a>. In the 1950s Olivier was an independent actor-manager, but his stage career was in the doldrums until he joined the avant-garde <a href="/wiki/English_Stage_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="English Stage Company">English Stage Company</a> in 1957 to play the title role in <a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(play)" title="The Entertainer (play)">The Entertainer</a>, a part he later played <a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(film)" title="The Entertainer (film)">on film</a>. From 1963 to 1973 he was the founding director of Britain's <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a>, running a resident company that fostered many future stars. His own parts there included the title role in <a href="/wiki/Othello_(1965_British_film)" title="Othello (1965 British film)">Othello</a> (1965), and <a href="/wiki/Shylock" title="Shylock">Shylock</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a> (1970). Among Olivier's films are <a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1939_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1939 film)">Wuthering Heights</a> (1939), <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_(1940_film)" title="Rebecca (1940 film)">Rebecca</a> (1940) and a trilogy of Shakespeare films as actor/director: <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(1944_film)" title="Henry V (1944 film)">Henry V</a> (1944), <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">Hamlet</a> (1948) and <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1955_film)" title="Richard III (1955 film)">Richard III</a> (1955). His later films included <a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a> (1960), <a href="/wiki/The_Shoes_of_the_Fisherman_(film)" title="The Shoes of the Fisherman (film)">The Shoes of the Fisherman</a> (1968), <a href="/wiki/Sleuth_(1972_film)" title="Sleuth (1972 film)">Sleuth</a> (1972), <a href="/wiki/Marathon_Man_(film)" title="Marathon Man (film)">Marathon Man</a> (1976) and <a href="/wiki/The_Boys_from_Brazil_(film)" title="The Boys from Brazil (film)">The Boys from Brazil</a> (1978). His television appearances included an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/The_Moon_and_Sixpence_(1959_film)" title="The Moon and Sixpence (1959 film)">The Moon and Sixpence</a> (1960), <a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night_(ITV_Sunday_Night_Theatre)" title="Long Day's Journey into Night (ITV Sunday Night Theatre)">Long Day's Journey into Night</a> (1973), <a href="/wiki/Love_Among_the_Ruins_(film)" title="Love Among the Ruins (film)">Love Among the Ruins</a> (1975), <a href="/wiki/Cat_on_a_Hot_Tin_Roof" title="Cat on a Hot Tin Roof">Cat on a Hot Tin Roof</a> (1976), <a href="/wiki/Brideshead_Revisited_(TV_series)" title="Brideshead Revisited (TV series)">Brideshead Revisited</a> (1981) and <a href="/wiki/King_Lear_(1983_TV_programme)" title="King Lear (1983 TV programme)">King Lear</a> (1983). Olivier's honours included a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighthood</a> (1947), a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peerage</a> (1970) and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">Order of Merit</a> (1981). For his on-screen work he received two <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, two <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">British Academy Film Awards</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Emmy Awards</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a>. The National Theatre's largest auditorium is named in his honour, and he is commemorated in the <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Awards" title="Laurence Olivier Awards">Laurence Olivier Awards</a>, given annually by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_London_Theatre" title="Society of London Theatre">Society of London Theatre</a>. He was married three times, to the actresses <a href="/wiki/Jill_Esmond" title="Jill Esmond">Jill Esmond</a> from 1930 to 1940, <a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a> from 1940 to 1960, and <a href="/wiki/Joan_Plowright" title="Joan Plowright">Joan Plowright</a> from 1961 until his death. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_on_stage_and_screen" title="Laurence Olivier on stage and screen">Laurence Olivier on stage and screen</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1907–1924:_Early_life_and_education">1907–1924: Early life and education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1907–1924: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birthplace_of_Actor_Sir_Laurence_Olivier,_Wathen_Road,_Dorking_-_geograph.org.uk_-_110689.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Birthplace_of_Actor_Sir_Laurence_Olivier%2C_Wathen_Road%2C_Dorking_-_geograph.org.uk_-_110689.jpg/170px-Birthplace_of_Actor_Sir_Laurence_Olivier%2C_Wathen_Road%2C_Dorking_-_geograph.org.uk_-_110689.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Birthplace_of_Actor_Sir_Laurence_Olivier%2C_Wathen_Road%2C_Dorking_-_geograph.org.uk_-_110689.jpg/255px-Birthplace_of_Actor_Sir_Laurence_Olivier%2C_Wathen_Road%2C_Dorking_-_geograph.org.uk_-_110689.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Birthplace_of_Actor_Sir_Laurence_Olivier%2C_Wathen_Road%2C_Dorking_-_geograph.org.uk_-_110689.jpg/340px-Birthplace_of_Actor_Sir_Laurence_Olivier%2C_Wathen_Road%2C_Dorking_-_geograph.org.uk_-_110689.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>The house in Wathen Road, <a href="/wiki/Dorking" title="Dorking">Dorking</a>, Surrey, where Olivier was born in 1907</figcaption></figure> Olivier was born in <a href="/wiki/Dorking" title="Dorking">Dorking</a>, Surrey, the youngest of the three children of Agnes Louise (née Crookenden) and Reverend Gerard Kerr Olivier.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> He had two older siblings: Sybille and Gerard Dacres "Dickie".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198812-2">[2]</a> His great-great-grandfather was of French <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> descent, and Olivier came from a long line of Protestant clergymen.<a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a> Gerard Olivier had begun a career as a schoolmaster, but in his thirties he discovered a strong religious vocation and was ordained as a priest of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196813-5">[4]</a> He belonged to the <a href="/wiki/High_church" title="High church">high church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ritualist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritualist">ritualist</a> wing of <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a> and was known as "Father Olivier". Some Anglican congregations did not like this style,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196813-5">[4]</a> and the only church posts he was offered were temporary, usually deputising for regular <a href="/wiki/Incumbent_(ecclesiastical)" title="Incumbent (ecclesiastical)">incumbents</a> in their absence. This meant a nomadic existence, and for Laurence's first few years, he never lived in one place long enough to make friends.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20052-6">[5]</a> In 1912, when Olivier was five, his father secured a permanent appointment as assistant <a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">rector</a> at <a href="/wiki/St_Saviour%27s,_Pimlico" title="St Saviour's, Pimlico">St Saviour's, Pimlico</a>. He held the post for six years, and a stable family life was at last possible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198814-7">[6]</a> Olivier was devoted to his mother, but not to his father, whom he found a cold and remote parent,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20056-8">[7]</a> though he learned a great deal of the art of performing from him. As a young man Gerard Olivier had considered a stage career and was a dramatic and effective preacher. Olivier wrote that his father knew "when to drop the voice, when to bellow about the perils of hellfire, when to slip in a gag, when suddenly to wax sentimental ... The quick changes of mood and manner absorbed me, and I have never forgotten them."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan198112-9">[8]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:All_Saints,_Margaret_Street_Church,_London,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="interior of ornate Victorian church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/All_Saints%2C_Margaret_Street_Church%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-All_Saints%2C_Margaret_Street_Church%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/All_Saints%2C_Margaret_Street_Church%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-All_Saints%2C_Margaret_Street_Church%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/All_Saints%2C_Margaret_Street_Church%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-All_Saints%2C_Margaret_Street_Church%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7998" data-file-height="5013" /></a><figcaption>Interior of <a href="/wiki/All_Saints,_Margaret_Street" title="All Saints, Margaret Street">All Saints, Margaret Street</a></figcaption></figure> In 1916, after attending a series of preparatory schools, Olivier passed the singing examination for admission to the choir school of <a href="/wiki/All_Saints,_Margaret_Street" title="All Saints, Margaret Street">All Saints, Margaret Street</a>, in central London. His elder brother was already a pupil and Olivier gradually settled in, though he felt himself to be something of an outsider.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198817–18-10">[9]</a> The church's style of worship was (and remains) <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Catholic">Anglo-Catholic</a>, with emphasis on ritual, vestments and incense.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDenny1985269-11">[10]</a> The theatricality of the services appealed to Olivier,<a href="#cite_note-13">[b]</a> and the vicar encouraged the students to develop a taste for secular as well as religious drama.<a href="#cite_note-tynan-interview-14">[12]</a> In a school production of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a> in 1917, the ten-year-old Olivier's performance as Brutus impressed an audience that included <a href="/wiki/Lady_Tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Tree">Lady Tree</a>, the young <a href="/wiki/Sybil_Thorndike" title="Sybil Thorndike">Sybil Thorndike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Terry" title="Ellen Terry">Ellen Terry</a>, who wrote in her diary, "The small boy who played Brutus is already a great actor."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindlater1971207Beckett20059-15">[13]</a> He later won praise in other schoolboy productions, as Maria in <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a> (1918) and Katherine in <a href="/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew" title="The Taming of the Shrew">The Taming of the Shrew</a> (1922).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan198120-16">[14]</a> From All Saints, Olivier went on to <a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_School,_Oxford" title="St Edward's School, Oxford">St Edward's School, Oxford</a>, from 1921 to 1924.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196817–18-17">[15]</a> He made little mark until his final year, when he played <a href="/wiki/Puck_(A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream)" title="Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)">Puck</a> in the school's production of <a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a>; his performance was a tour de force that won him popularity among his fellow pupils.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198826-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[c]</a> In January 1924, his brother left England to work in India as a rubber planter. Olivier missed him greatly and asked his father how soon he could follow. He recalled in his memoirs that his father replied, "Don't be such a fool, you're not going to India, you're going on the stage."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199415-21">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[d]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1924–1929:_Early_acting_career">1924–1929: Early acting career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1924–1929: Early acting career">edit</a>]</div> In 1924 Gerard Olivier, a habitually frugal man, told his son that he must gain not only admission to the <a href="/wiki/Central_School_of_Speech_Training_and_Dramatic_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art">Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art</a>, but also a scholarship with a bursary to cover his tuition fees and living expenses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198829-24">[20]</a> Olivier's sister had been a student there and was a favourite of <a href="/wiki/Elsie_Fogerty" title="Elsie Fogerty">Elsie Fogerty</a>, the founder and principal of the school. Olivier later speculated that it was on the strength of this connection that Fogerty agreed to award him the bursary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198829-24">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[e]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peggy-Ashcroft-1936-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="young woman, dark-haired, in left profile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Peggy-Ashcroft-1936-2.jpg/170px-Peggy-Ashcroft-1936-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Peggy-Ashcroft-1936-2.jpg/255px-Peggy-Ashcroft-1936-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Peggy-Ashcroft-1936-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a>, a contemporary and friend of Olivier's at the <a href="/wiki/Central_School_of_Speech_Training_and_Dramatic_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art">Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art</a> in London, photographed in 1936</figcaption></figure> One of Olivier's contemporaries at the school was <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a>, who observed he was "rather uncouth in that his sleeves were too short and his hair stood on end but he was intensely lively and great fun".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004Munn200723-27">[22]</a> By his own admission he was not a very conscientious student, but Fogerty liked him and later said that he and Ashcroft stood out among her many pupils.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198832-28">[23]</a> After leaving the Central School in 1925, Olivier worked for small theatrical companies;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200518–19-29">[24]</a> his first stage appearance was in a sketch called The Unfailing Instinct at the <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Hippodrome" title="Brighton Hippodrome">Brighton Hippodrome</a> in August 1925.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200515–16-30">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman200625,_485-31">[26]</a> Later that year, he was taken on by Sybil Thorndike (the daughter of a friend of Olivier's father) and her husband <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Casson" title="Lewis Casson">Lewis Casson</a> as a bit-part player, understudy and assistant stage manager for their London company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200518–19-29">[24]</a> Olivier modelled his performing style on that of <a href="/wiki/Gerald_du_Maurier" title="Gerald du Maurier">Gerald du Maurier</a>, of whom he said, "He seemed to mutter on stage but had such perfect technique. When I started I was so busy doing a du Maurier that no one ever heard a word I said. The Shakespearean actors one saw were terrible hams like <a href="/wiki/Frank_Benson_(actor)" title="Frank Benson (actor)">Frank Benson</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer198461-32">[27]</a> Olivier's concern with speaking naturally and avoiding what he called "singing" Shakespeare's verse was the cause of much frustration in his early career, as critics regularly decried his delivery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198959-33">[28]</a> In 1926, on Thorndike's recommendation, Olivier joined the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Repertory_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham Repertory Company">Birmingham Repertory Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson201367-34">[29]</a> His biographer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Billington_(critic)" title="Michael Billington (critic)">Michael Billington</a> describes the Birmingham company as "Olivier's university", where in his second year he was given the chance to play a wide range of important roles, including Tony Lumpkin in <a href="/wiki/She_Stoops_to_Conquer" title="She Stoops to Conquer">She Stoops to Conquer</a>, the title role in <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Vanya" title="Uncle Vanya">Uncle Vanya</a>, and Parolles in <a href="/wiki/All%27s_Well_That_Ends_Well" title="All's Well That Ends Well">All's Well That Ends Well</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988455-35">[30]</a> Billington adds that the engagement led to "a lifelong friendship with his fellow actor <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> that was to have a decisive effect on the British theatre."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> While playing the juvenile lead in Bird in Hand at the <a href="/wiki/Royalty_Theatre" title="Royalty Theatre">Royalty Theatre</a> in June 1928, Olivier began a relationship with <a href="/wiki/Jill_Esmond" title="Jill Esmond">Jill Esmond</a>, the daughter of the actors <a href="/wiki/Henry_V._Esmond" title="Henry V. Esmond">Henry V. Esmond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eva_Moore" title="Eva Moore">Eva Moore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn200728-36">[31]</a> Olivier later recounted that he thought "she would most certainly do excellent well for a wife ... I wasn't likely to do any better at my age and with my undistinguished track-record, so I promptly fell in love with her."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199475-37">[32]</a> In 1928 Olivier created the role of Stanhope in <a href="/wiki/R._C._Sherriff" title="R. C. Sherriff">R. C. Sherriff</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Journey%27s_End" title="Journey's End">Journey's End</a>, in which he scored a great success at its single Sunday night premiere.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman200632-38">[33]</a> He was offered the part in the <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> production the following year, but turned it down in favour of the more glamorous role of <a href="/wiki/Beau_Geste" title="Beau Geste">Beau Geste</a> in a stage adaptation of <a href="/wiki/P._C._Wren" title="P. C. Wren">P. C. Wren</a>'s 1929 novel of the same name. Journey's End became a long-running success; Beau Geste failed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Manchester_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Manchester Guardian">The Manchester Guardian</a> commented, "Mr. Laurence Olivier did his best as Beau, but he deserves and will get better parts. Mr. Olivier is going to make a big name for himself".<a href="#cite_note-Guard:_Beau_Geste-39">[34]</a> For the rest of 1929 Olivier appeared in seven plays, all of which were short-lived. Billington ascribes this failure rate to poor choices by Olivier rather than mere bad luck.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[f]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930–1935:_Rising_star">1930–1935: Rising star</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1930–1935: Rising star">edit</a>]</div> In 1930, with his impending marriage in mind, Olivier earned some extra money with small roles in two films.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199481–82-44">[38]</a> In April he travelled to Berlin to film the English-language version of <a href="/wiki/The_Temporary_Widow" title="The Temporary Widow">The Temporary Widow</a>, a crime comedy with <a href="/wiki/Lilian_Harvey" title="Lilian Harvey">Lilian Harvey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-46">[g]</a> and in May he spent four nights working on another comedy, <a href="/wiki/Too_Many_Crooks_(1930_film)" title="Too Many Crooks (1930 film)">Too Many Crooks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman200638–39-47">[40]</a> During work on the latter film, for which he was paid £60,<a href="#cite_note-49">[h]</a> he met Laurence Evans, who became his personal manager.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199481–82-44">[38]</a> Olivier did not enjoy working in film, which he dismissed as "this anaemic little medium which could not stand great acting",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198965-50">[42]</a> but financially it was much more rewarding than his theatre work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn200738-51">[43]</a> Olivier and Esmond married on 25 July 1930 at All Saints, Margaret Street,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman200642-52">[44]</a> although within weeks both realised they had erred. Olivier later recorded that the marriage was "a pretty crass mistake. I insisted on getting married from a pathetic mixture of religious and animal promptings. ... She had admitted to me that she was in love elsewhere and could never love me as completely as I would wish."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199488-53">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[i]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[j]</a> Olivier later recounted that following the wedding he did not keep a diary for ten years and never followed religious practices again, although he considered those facts to be "mere coincidence", unconnected to the nuptials.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199489-58">[48]</a> In 1930 <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> cast Olivier as Victor Prynne in his new play <a href="/wiki/Private_Lives" title="Private Lives">Private Lives</a>, which opened at the new <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Theatre_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix Theatre (London)">Phoenix Theatre</a> in London in September. Coward and <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Lawrence" title="Gertrude Lawrence">Gertrude Lawrence</a> played the lead roles, Elyot Chase and Amanda Prynne. Victor is a secondary character, along with Sybil Chase; the author called them "extra puppets, lightly wooden ninepins, only to be repeatedly knocked down and stood up again".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELesley1976136-59">[49]</a> To make them credible spouses for Amanda and Elyot, Coward was determined that two outstandingly attractive performers should play the parts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELesley1976137-60">[50]</a> Olivier played Victor in the West End and then on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>; <a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Allen" title="Adrianne Allen">Adrianne Allen</a> was Sybil in London, but could not go to New York, where the part was taken by Esmond.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastle1972115-61">[51]</a> In addition to giving the 23-year-old Olivier his first successful West End role, Coward became something of a mentor. In the late 1960s Olivier told <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Morley" title="Sheridan Morley">Sheridan Morley</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">He gave me a sense of balance, of right and wrong. He would make me read; I never used to read anything at all. I remember he said, "Right, my boy, <a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Of_Human_Bondage" title="Of Human Bondage">Of Human Bondage</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Wives%27_Tale" title="The Old Wives' Tale">The Old Wives' Tale</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Bennett" title="Arnold Bennett">Arnold Bennett</a>. That'll do, those are three of the best. Read them". I did. ... Noël also did a priceless thing, he taught me not to giggle on the stage. Once already I'd been fired for doing it, and I was very nearly sacked from the Birmingham Rep. for the same reason. Noël cured me; by trying to make me laugh outrageously, he taught me how not to give in to it.<a href="#cite_note-63">[k]</a> My great triumph came in New York when one night I managed to break Noël up on the stage without giggling myself."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorley1974176-64">[53]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jill_Esmond_and_Laurence_Olivier_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="young woman and man seated at a table with maid standing centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Jill_Esmond_and_Laurence_Olivier_1932.jpg/220px-Jill_Esmond_and_Laurence_Olivier_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Jill_Esmond_and_Laurence_Olivier_1932.jpg/330px-Jill_Esmond_and_Laurence_Olivier_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Jill_Esmond_and_Laurence_Olivier_1932.jpg/440px-Jill_Esmond_and_Laurence_Olivier_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2470" data-file-height="2107" /></a><figcaption>Olivier, with his first wife <a href="/wiki/Jill_Esmond" title="Jill Esmond">Jill Esmond</a> (left), in 1932</figcaption></figure> In 1931 <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Pictures</a> offered Olivier a two-film contract at $1,000 a week;<a href="#cite_note-66">[l]</a> he discussed the possibility with Coward, who, irked, told Olivier "You've no artistic integrity, that's your trouble; this is how you cheapen yourself."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199492-67">[55]</a> He accepted and moved to Hollywood, despite some misgivings. His first film was the drama <a href="/wiki/Friends_and_Lovers_(1931_film)" title="Friends and Lovers (1931 film)">Friends and Lovers</a>, in a supporting role, before RKO loaned him to <a href="/wiki/Fox_Film" title="Fox Film">Fox Studios</a> for his first film lead, a British journalist in a Russia under <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Ticket_(1931_film)" title="The Yellow Ticket (1931 film)">The Yellow Ticket</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Elissa_Landi" title="Elissa Landi">Elissa Landi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Barrymore" title="Lionel Barrymore">Lionel Barrymore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199493–94Munn200743–44-68">[56]</a> The cultural historian <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Richards" title="Jeffrey Richards">Jeffrey Richards</a> describes Olivier's look as an attempt by Fox Studios to produce a likeness of <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a>, and Colman's moustache, voice and manner are "perfectly reproduced".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards201464-69">[57]</a> Olivier returned to RKO to complete his contract with the 1932 drama <a href="/wiki/Westward_Passage" title="Westward Passage">Westward Passage</a>, which was a commercial failure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198871-70">[58]</a> Olivier's initial foray into American films had not provided the breakthrough he hoped for; disillusioned with Hollywood, he returned to London, where he appeared in two British films, <a href="/wiki/Perfect_Understanding" title="Perfect Understanding">Perfect Understanding</a> with <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a> and <a href="/wiki/No_Funny_Business" title="No Funny Business">No Funny Business</a>—in which Esmond also appeared. He was tempted back to Hollywood in 1933 to appear opposite <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queen_Christina_(film)" title="Queen Christina (film)">Queen Christina</a>, but was replaced after two weeks of filming because of a lack of chemistry between the two.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004Munn200744–45Richards2010165-71">[59]</a> Olivier's stage roles in 1934 included Bothwell in <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Daviot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Daviot">Gordon Daviot</a>'s Queen of Scots, which was only a moderate success for him and for the play, but led to an important engagement for the same management (<a href="/wiki/Bronson_Albery" title="Bronson Albery">Bronson Albery</a>) shortly afterwards. In the interim he had a great success playing a thinly disguised version of the American actor <a href="/wiki/John_Barrymore" title="John Barrymore">John Barrymore</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_S._Kaufman" title="George S. Kaufman">George S. Kaufman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edna_Ferber" title="Edna Ferber">Edna Ferber</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Family_(play)" title="The Royal Family (play)">Theatre Royal</a>. His success was vitiated by his breaking an ankle two months into the run, in one of the athletic, acrobatic stunts with which he liked to enliven his performances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196832–33-72">[60]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:33%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #CEF6EC;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Mr Olivier was about twenty times as much in love with Peggy Ashcroft as Mr Gielgud is. But Mr Gielgud spoke most of the poetry far better than Mr Olivier ... Yet—I must out with it—the fire of Mr Olivier's passion carried the play along as Mr Gielgud's doesn't quite. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Farjeon" title="Herbert Farjeon">Herbert Farjeon</a> on the rival Romeos<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindlater197157-73">[61]</a></cite></div> </div> In 1935, under Albery's management, <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> staged Romeo and Juliet at the <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward_Theatre" title="Noël Coward Theatre">New Theatre</a>, co-starring with Peggy Ashcroft, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Evans" title="Edith Evans">Edith Evans</a> and Olivier. Gielgud had seen Olivier in Queen of Scots, spotted his potential, and gave him a major step up in his career. For the first weeks of the run Gielgud played <a href="/wiki/Mercutio" title="Mercutio">Mercutio</a> and Olivier played <a href="/wiki/Romeo" title="Romeo">Romeo</a>, after which they exchanged roles.<a href="#cite_note-75">[m]</a> The production broke all box-office records for the play, running for 189 performances.<a href="#cite_note-76">[n]</a> Olivier was enraged at the notices after the first night, which praised the virility of his performance but fiercely criticised his speaking of Shakespeare's verse, contrasting it with his co-star's mastery of the poetry.<a href="#cite_note-78">[o]</a> The friendship between the two men was prickly, on Olivier's side, for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorley2001122–123-79">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1936–1938:_Old_Vic_and_Vivien_Leigh">1936–1938: Old Vic and Vivien Leigh</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1936–1938: Old Vic and Vivien Leigh">edit</a>]</div> In May 1936 Olivier and Richardson jointly directed and starred in a new piece by <a href="/wiki/J._B._Priestley" title="J. B. Priestley">J. B. Priestley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bees_on_the_Boatdeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Bees on the Boatdeck">Bees on the Boatdeck</a>. Both actors won excellent notices, but the play, an allegory of Britain's decay, did not attract the public and closed after four weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199560-80">[65]</a> Later in the same year Olivier accepted an invitation to join <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">the Old Vic</a> company. The theatre, in an unfashionable location south of the <a href="/wiki/Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames">Thames</a>, had offered inexpensive tickets for opera and drama under its proprietor <a href="/wiki/Lilian_Baylis" title="Lilian Baylis">Lilian Baylis</a> since 1912.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert200916-81">[66]</a> Her drama company specialised in the plays of Shakespeare, and many leading actors had taken very large cuts in their pay to develop their Shakespearean techniques there.<a href="#cite_note-83">[p]</a> Gielgud had been in the company from 1929 to 1931 and Richardson from 1930 to 1932.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199536-84">[68]</a> Among the actors whom Olivier joined in late 1936 were <a href="/wiki/Edith_Evans" title="Edith Evans">Edith Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Gordon" title="Ruth Gordon">Ruth Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988115-85">[69]</a> In January 1937 Olivier took the title role in an uncut version of <a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a> in which once again his delivery of the verse was unfavourably compared with that of Gielgud, who had played the role on the same stage seven years previously to enormous acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-88">[q]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Brown" title="Ivor Brown">Ivor Brown</a> praised Olivier's "magnetism and muscularity" but missed "the kind of pathos so richly established by Mr Gielgud".<a href="#cite_note-ivor_hamlet2-89">[72]</a> The reviewer in The Times found the performance "full of vitality", but at times "too light ... the character slips from Mr Olivier's grasp".<a href="#cite_note-times-hamlet-90">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Vic0185.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="exterior of Victorian theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Old_Vic0185.JPG/220px-Old_Vic0185.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Old_Vic0185.JPG/330px-Old_Vic0185.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Old_Vic0185.JPG/440px-Old_Vic0185.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3202" data-file-height="2530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">The Old Vic</a> (photographed in 2012), where Olivier honed his skill as a Shakespearean</figcaption></figure> After Hamlet, the company presented Twelfth Night in what the director, <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Guthrie" title="Tyrone Guthrie">Tyrone Guthrie</a>, summed up as "a baddish, immature production of mine, with Olivier outrageously amusing as <a href="/wiki/Sir_Toby_Belch" title="Sir Toby Belch">Sir Toby</a> and a very young Alec Guinness outrageous and more amusing as <a href="/wiki/Sir_Andrew_Aguecheek" title="Sir Andrew Aguecheek">Sir Andrew</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988121-91">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a> was the next play, presented in May to mark the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of George VI">Coronation of George VI</a>. A pacifist, as he then was, Olivier was as reluctant to play the warrior king as Guthrie was to direct the piece, but the production was a success and Baylis had to extend the run from four to eight weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988123-92">[75]</a> Following Olivier's success in Shakespearean stage productions, he made his first foray into Shakespeare on film in 1936, as <a href="/wiki/Orlando_(As_You_Like_It)" title="Orlando (As You Like It)">Orlando</a> in <a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It_(1936_film)" title="As You Like It (1936 film)">As You Like It</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Czinner" title="Paul Czinner">Paul Czinner</a>, "a charming if lightweight production", according to Michael Brooke of the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>'s (BFI's) <a href="/wiki/Screenonline" title="Screenonline">Screenonline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BFI:_AYLI-93">[76]</a> The following year Olivier appeared alongside <a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a> in the historical drama <a href="/wiki/Fire_Over_England" title="Fire Over England">Fire Over England</a>. He had first met Leigh briefly at the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_Grill_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoy Hotel Grill Room">Savoy Grill</a> and then again when she visited him during the run of Romeo and Juliet, probably early in 1936, and the two had begun an affair sometime that year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199263Coleman200675–76-94">[77]</a> Of the relationship, Olivier later said that "I couldn't help myself with Vivien. No man could. I hated myself for cheating on Jill, but then I had cheated before, but this was something different. This wasn't just out of lust. This was love that I really didn't ask for but was drawn into."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn200760-95">[78]</a> While his relationship with Leigh continued he conducted an affair with the actress <a href="/wiki/Ann_Todd" title="Ann Todd">Ann Todd</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman200676,_79Munn200761-96">[79]</a> and possibly had a brief affair with the actor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ainley" title="Henry Ainley">Henry Ainley</a>, according to the biographer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Munn" title="Michael Munn">Michael Munn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman200681,_505Munn200739–41-97">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[r]</a> In June 1937 the Old Vic company took up an invitation to perform Hamlet in the courtyard of the castle at <a href="/wiki/Kronborg" title="Kronborg">Elsinore</a>, where Shakespeare located the play. Olivier secured the casting of Leigh to replace Cherry Cottrell as <a href="/wiki/Ophelia" title="Ophelia">Ophelia</a>. Because of torrential rain the performance had to be moved from the castle courtyard to the ballroom of a local hotel, but the tradition of playing Hamlet at Elsinore was established, and Olivier was followed by, among others, Gielgud (1939), Redgrave (1950), <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> (1954), <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (1964), <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> (1979), <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (1988) and <a href="/wiki/Jude_Law" title="Jude Law">Jude Law</a> (2009).<a href="#cite_note-Hamletscenen-103">[85]</a> Back in London, the company staged <a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a>, with Olivier in the title role. The stylised production by <a href="/wiki/Michel_Saint-Denis" title="Michel Saint-Denis">Michel Saint-Denis</a> was not well liked, but Olivier had some good notices among the bad.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988131-104">[86]</a> On returning from Denmark, Olivier and Leigh told their respective spouses about the affair and that their marriages were over; Esmond moved out of the marital house and in with her mother.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199270-105">[87]</a> After Olivier and Leigh made a tour of Europe in mid-1937 they returned to separate film projects—<a href="/wiki/A_Yank_at_Oxford" title="A Yank at Oxford">A Yank at Oxford</a> for her and <a href="/wiki/The_Divorce_of_Lady_X" title="The Divorce of Lady X">The Divorce of Lady X</a> for him—and moved into a property together in <a href="/wiki/Iver" title="Iver">Iver</a>, Buckinghamshire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn200777-106">[88]</a> Olivier returned to the Old Vic for a second season in 1938. For <a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a> he played <a href="/wiki/Iago" title="Iago">Iago</a>, with Richardson in the title role. Guthrie wanted to experiment with the theory that Iago's villainy is driven by a suppressed love for <a href="/wiki/Othello_(character)" title="Othello (character)">Othello</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196845–46-107">[89]</a> Olivier was willing to co-operate, but Richardson was not; audiences and most critics failed to spot the supposed motivation of Olivier's Iago, and Richardson's Othello seemed underpowered.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeill200678-108">[90]</a> After that comparative failure, the company had a success with <a href="/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus">Coriolanus</a> starring Olivier in the title role. The notices were laudatory, mentioning him alongside great predecessors such as <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kean" title="Edmund Kean">Edmund Kean</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Macready" title="William Macready">William Macready</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Irving" title="Henry Irving">Henry Irving</a>. The actor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Speaight" title="Robert Speaight">Robert Speaight</a> described it as "Olivier's first incontestably great performance".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988135-109">[91]</a> This was Olivier's last appearance on a London stage for six years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988135-109">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1938–1944:_Hollywood_and_war_years">1938–1944: Hollywood and war years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1938–1944: Hollywood and war years">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurence_Olivier_Merle_Oberon_Wuthering_Heights.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="studio still of young man and woman in outdoor setting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Laurence_Olivier_Merle_Oberon_Wuthering_Heights.jpg/220px-Laurence_Olivier_Merle_Oberon_Wuthering_Heights.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Laurence_Olivier_Merle_Oberon_Wuthering_Heights.jpg/330px-Laurence_Olivier_Merle_Oberon_Wuthering_Heights.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Laurence_Olivier_Merle_Oberon_Wuthering_Heights.jpg/440px-Laurence_Olivier_Merle_Oberon_Wuthering_Heights.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1231" /></a><figcaption>Olivier, with <a href="/wiki/Merle_Oberon" title="Merle Oberon">Merle Oberon</a> in the 1939 film <a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1939_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1939 film)">Wuthering Heights</a></figcaption></figure> In 1938 Olivier joined Richardson to film the spy thriller <a href="/wiki/Q_Planes" title="Q Planes">Q Planes</a>, released the following year. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Nugent" title="Frank Nugent">Frank Nugent</a>, the critic for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, thought Olivier was "not quite so good" as Richardson, but was "quite acceptable".<a href="#cite_note-NYT:_Q_Planes-110">[92]</a> In late 1938, lured by a salary of $50,000, the actor travelled to Hollywood to take the part of <a href="/wiki/Heathcliff_(Wuthering_Heights)" title="Heathcliff (Wuthering Heights)">Heathcliff</a> in the 1939 film <a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1939_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1939 film)">Wuthering Heights</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Merle_Oberon" title="Merle Oberon">Merle Oberon</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006105Capua200347-111">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[s]</a> In less than a month Leigh had joined him, explaining that her trip was "partially because Larry's there and partially because I intend to get the part of <a href="/wiki/Scarlett_O%27Hara" title="Scarlett O'Hara">Scarlett O'Hara</a>"—the role in <a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone with the Wind</a> in which she was eventually cast.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapua200348-113">[94]</a> Olivier did not enjoy making Wuthering Heights, and his approach to film acting, combined with a dislike for Oberon, led to tensions on set.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006107–108-114">[95]</a> The director, <a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a>, was a hard taskmaster, and Olivier learned to remove what Billington described as "the carapace of theatricality" to which he was prone, replacing it with "a palpable reality".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> The resulting film was a commercial and critical success that earned him a nomination for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a> and created his screen reputation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006102-115">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[t]</a> <a href="/wiki/C._A._Lejeune" title="C. A. Lejeune">Caroline Lejeune</a>, writing for The Observer, considered that "Olivier's dark, moody face, abrupt style, and a certain fine arrogance towards the world in his playing are just right" in the role,<a href="#cite_note-Lejeune:_Wuthering-118">[98]</a> while the reviewer for The Times wrote that Olivier "is a good embodiment of Heathcliff ... impressive enough on a more human plane, speaking his lines with real distinction, and always both romantic and alive."<a href="#cite_note-Times:_Wuthering-119">[99]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurence_Olivier_Joan_Fontaine_Rebecca.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="young woman clinging as if for protection to slightly older man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Laurence_Olivier_Joan_Fontaine_Rebecca.JPG/220px-Laurence_Olivier_Joan_Fontaine_Rebecca.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Laurence_Olivier_Joan_Fontaine_Rebecca.JPG/330px-Laurence_Olivier_Joan_Fontaine_Rebecca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Laurence_Olivier_Joan_Fontaine_Rebecca.JPG/440px-Laurence_Olivier_Joan_Fontaine_Rebecca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption> Olivier with <a href="/wiki/Joan_Fontaine" title="Joan Fontaine">Joan Fontaine</a> in the 1940 film <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_(1940_film)" title="Rebecca (1940 film)">Rebecca</a></figcaption></figure> After returning to London briefly in mid-1939, the couple returned to America, Leigh to film the final takes for Gone with the Wind, and Olivier to prepare for filming of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_(1940_film)" title="Rebecca (1940 film)">Rebecca</a>—although the couple had hoped to appear in it together.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006132-120">[100]</a> Instead, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Fontaine" title="Joan Fontaine">Joan Fontaine</a> was selected for the role of Mrs de Winter, as the producer <a href="/wiki/David_O._Selznick" title="David O. Selznick">David O. Selznick</a> thought that not only was she more suitable for the role, but that it was best to keep Olivier and Leigh apart until their divorces came through.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199277-121">[101]</a> Olivier followed Rebecca with <a href="/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(1940_film)" title="Pride and Prejudice (1940 film)">Pride and Prejudice</a>, in the role of <a href="/wiki/Mr._Darcy" title="Mr. Darcy">Mr. Darcy</a>. To his disappointment <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bennet" title="Elizabeth Bennet">Elizabeth Bennet</a> was played by <a href="/wiki/Greer_Garson" title="Greer Garson">Greer Garson</a> rather than Leigh. He received good reviews for both films and showed a more confident screen presence than he had in his early work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007103-122">[102]</a> In January 1940 Olivier and Esmond were granted their divorce. In February, following another request from Leigh, her husband also applied for their marriage to be terminated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapua200347-123">[103]</a> On stage, Olivier and Leigh starred in Romeo and Juliet on Broadway. It was an extravagant production, but a commercial failure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200553–54-124">[104]</a> In The New York Times <a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Brooks Atkinson</a> praised the scenery but not the acting: "Although Miss Leigh and Mr Olivier are handsome young people they hardly act their parts at all."<a href="#cite_note-romeo-new-york-times-125">[105]</a> The couple had invested almost all their savings in the project, and its failure was a grave financial blow.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988189–190-126">[106]</a> They were married in August 1940, at the <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Ranch" title="San Ysidro Ranch">San Ysidro Ranch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier1994124-127">[107]</a> The war in Europe had been under way for a year and was going badly for Britain. After his wedding Olivier wanted to help the war effort. He telephoned <a href="/wiki/Duff_Cooper" title="Duff Cooper">Duff Cooper</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)">Minister of Information</a> under <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, hoping to get a position in Cooper's department. Cooper advised him to remain where he was and speak to the film director <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korda" title="Alexander Korda">Alexander Korda</a>, who was based in the US at Churchill's behest, with connections to British Intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006139–140Munn2007105-128">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[u]</a> Korda—with Churchill's support and involvement—directed <a href="/wiki/That_Hamilton_Woman" title="That Hamilton Woman">That Hamilton Woman</a>, with Olivier as <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a> and Leigh in the <a href="/wiki/Emma,_Lady_Hamilton" title="Emma, Lady Hamilton">title role</a>. Korda saw that the relationship between the couple was strained. Olivier was tiring of Leigh's suffocating adulation, and she was drinking to excess.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKorda1981158-130">[109]</a> The film, in which the threat of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> paralleled that of <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>, was seen by critics as "bad history but good British propaganda", according to the BFI.<a href="#cite_note-BFI:_Hamilton-131">[110]</a> Olivier's life was under threat from the Nazis and pro-German sympathisers. The studio owners were concerned enough that <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> both provided support and security to ensure his safety.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007117–119-132">[111]</a> On the completion of filming, Olivier and Leigh returned to Britain. He had spent the previous year learning to fly and had completed nearly 250 hours by the time he left America. He intended to join the Royal Air Force but instead made another propaganda film, <a href="/wiki/49th_Parallel_(film)" title="49th Parallel (film)">49th Parallel</a>, narrated short pieces for the Ministry of Information, and joined the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> because Richardson was already in the service. Richardson had gained a reputation for crashing aircraft, which Olivier rapidly eclipsed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199579-133">[112]</a> Olivier and Leigh settled in a cottage just outside <a href="/wiki/RNAS_Worthy_Down" class="mw-redirect" title="RNAS Worthy Down">RNAS Worthy Down</a>, where he was stationed with a training squadron; Noël Coward visited the couple and thought Olivier looked unhappy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoward19838-134">[113]</a> Olivier spent much of his time taking part in broadcasts and making speeches to build morale, and in 1942 he was invited to make another propaganda film, <a href="/wiki/The_Demi-Paradise" title="The Demi-Paradise">The Demi-Paradise</a>, in which he played a Soviet engineer who helps improve British-Russian relationships.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006152–153-135">[114]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foreign_Correspondents_Visit_British_Film_Studios,_Denham,_Buckinghamshire,_England,_UK,_1943_D16277.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="group of journalists visiting film studios" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Foreign_Correspondents_Visit_British_Film_Studios%2C_Denham%2C_Buckinghamshire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1943_D16277.jpg/220px-Foreign_Correspondents_Visit_British_Film_Studios%2C_Denham%2C_Buckinghamshire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1943_D16277.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Foreign_Correspondents_Visit_British_Film_Studios%2C_Denham%2C_Buckinghamshire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1943_D16277.jpg/330px-Foreign_Correspondents_Visit_British_Film_Studios%2C_Denham%2C_Buckinghamshire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1943_D16277.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Foreign_Correspondents_Visit_British_Film_Studios%2C_Denham%2C_Buckinghamshire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1943_D16277.jpg/440px-Foreign_Correspondents_Visit_British_Film_Studios%2C_Denham%2C_Buckinghamshire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1943_D16277.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption> Overseas newspaper correspondents visit the set of <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(1944_film)" title="Henry V (1944 film)">Henry V</a> at Denham Studios in 1943</figcaption></figure> In 1943, at the behest of the Ministry of Information, Olivier began working on <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(1944_film)" title="Henry V (1944 film)">Henry V</a>. Originally he had no intention of taking the directorial duties, but ended up directing and producing, in addition to taking the title role. He was assisted by an Italian internee, <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Del_Giudice" title="Filippo Del Giudice">Filippo Del Giudice</a>, who had been released to produce propaganda for the Allied cause.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007128–129-136">[115]</a> The decision was made to film the battle scenes in neutral Ireland, where it was easier to find the 650 extras. <a href="/wiki/John_Betjeman" title="John Betjeman">John Betjeman</a>, the press attaché at the British embassy in Dublin, played a key liaison role with the Irish government in making suitable arrangements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2007171-137">[116]</a> The film was released in November 1944. Brooke, writing for the BFI, considers that it "came too late in the Second World War to be a call to arms as such, but formed a powerful reminder of what Britain was defending."<a href="#cite_note-BFI:_Henry-138">[117]</a> The music for the film was written by <a href="/wiki/William_Walton" title="William Walton">William Walton</a>, "a score that ranks with the best in film music", according to the music critic <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kennedy_(music_critic)" title="Michael Kennedy (music critic)">Michael Kennedy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004-139">[118]</a> Walton also provided the music for Olivier's next two Shakespearean adaptations, <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">Hamlet</a> (1948) and <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1955_film)" title="Richard III (1955 film)">Richard III</a> (1955).<a href="#cite_note-D_Tel:_Walton-140">[119]</a> Henry V was warmly received by critics. The reviewer for The Manchester Guardian wrote that the film combined "new art hand-in-hand with old genius, and both superbly of one mind", in a film that worked "triumphantly".<a href="#cite_note-Guard:_Henry-141">[120]</a> The critic for The Times considered that Olivier "plays Henry on a high, heroic note and never is there danger of a crack", in a film described as "a triumph of film craft".<a href="#cite_note-Times:_Henry-142">[121]</a> There were Oscar nominations for the film, including Best Picture and Best Actor, but it won none and Olivier was instead presented with a "Special Award".<a href="#cite_note-Oscar:_Henry-143">[122]</a> He was unimpressed, and later commented that "this was my first absolute fob-off, and I regarded it as such."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006169-144">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1944–1948:_Co-directing_the_Old_Vic">1944–1948: Co-directing the Old Vic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1944–1948: Co-directing the Old Vic">edit</a>]</div> Throughout the war Tyrone Guthrie had striven to keep the Old Vic company going, even after German bombing in 1942 left the theatre a near-ruin. A small troupe toured the provinces, with Sybil Thorndike at its head. By 1944, with the tide of the war turning, Guthrie felt it time to re-establish the company in a London base and invited Richardson to head it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19953-145">[124]</a> Richardson made it a condition of accepting that he should share the acting and management in a triumvirate. Initially he proposed Gielgud and Olivier as his colleagues, but the former declined, saying, "It would be a disaster, you would have to spend your whole time as referee between Larry and me."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroall2000306-146">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[v]</a> It was finally agreed that the third member would be the stage director <a href="/wiki/John_Burrell_(theatre_director)" title="John Burrell (theatre director)">John Burrell</a>. The Old Vic governors approached the Royal Navy to secure the release of Richardson and Olivier; the <a href="/wiki/Lords_Commissioners_of_the_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty">Sea Lords</a> consented, with, as Olivier put it, "a speediness and lack of reluctance which was positively hurtful."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988184-149">[127]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralph_Richardson.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="middle-aged man, receding hair, with neat moustache" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ralph_Richardson.JPG/220px-Ralph_Richardson.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Ralph_Richardson.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>Co-director and co-star <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> in the 1940s</figcaption></figure> The triumvirate secured the New Theatre for their first season and recruited a company. Thorndike was joined by, among others, <a href="/wiki/Harcourt_Williams" title="Harcourt Williams">Harcourt Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Redman" title="Joyce Redman">Joyce Redman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Leighton" title="Margaret Leighton">Margaret Leighton</a>. It was agreed to open with a repertory of four plays: <a href="/wiki/Peer_Gynt" title="Peer Gynt">Peer Gynt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arms_and_the_Man" title="Arms and the Man">Arms and the Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a> and Uncle Vanya. Olivier's roles were the Button Moulder, Sergius, Richard and Astrov; Richardson played Peer, Bluntschli, Richmond and Vanya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaye19671030_and_1118-150">[128]</a> The first three productions met with acclaim from reviewers and audiences; Uncle Vanya had a mixed reception, although The Times thought Olivier's Astrov "a most distinguished portrait" and Richardson's Vanya "the perfect compound of absurdity and pathos".<a href="#cite_note-times_vanya-151">[129]</a> In Richard III, according to Billington, Olivier's triumph was absolute: "so much so that it became his most frequently imitated performance and one whose supremacy went unchallenged until <a href="/wiki/Antony_Sher" title="Antony Sher">Antony Sher</a> played the role forty years later".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> In 1945 the company toured Germany, where they were seen by many thousands of Allied servicemen; they also appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a> theatre in Paris, the first foreign company to be given that honour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor1982121–122Miller199593-152">[130]</a> The critic <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hobson" title="Harold Hobson">Harold Hobson</a> wrote that Richardson and Olivier quickly "made the Old Vic the most famous theatre in the Anglo-Saxon world."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobson195855-153">[131]</a> The second season, in 1945, featured two double bills. The first consisted of Henry IV, Parts 1 and 2. Olivier played the warrior Hotspur in the first and the doddering <a href="/wiki/Justice_Shallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice Shallow">Justice Shallow</a> in the second.<a href="#cite_note-155">[w]</a> He received good notices, but by general consent the production belonged to Richardson as <a href="/wiki/Falstaff" class="mw-redirect" title="Falstaff">Falstaff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgate1946221-156">[133]</a> In the second double bill it was Olivier who dominated, in the title roles of <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex" title="Oedipus Rex">Oedipus Rex</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Critic_(play)" title="The Critic (play)">The Critic</a>. In the two one-act plays his switch from searing tragedy and horror in the first half to farcical comedy in the second impressed most critics and audience members, though a minority felt that the transformation from <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>'s bloodily blinded hero to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan" title="Richard Brinsley Sheridan">Sheridan</a>'s vain and ludicrous Mr Puff "smacked of a quick-change turn in a music hall".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196866-157">[134]</a> After the London season the company played both the double bills and Uncle Vanya in a six-week run on Broadway.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor1982129-158">[135]</a> The third, and final, London season under the triumvirate was in 1946–47. Olivier played King Lear, and Richardson took the title role in <a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac_(play)" title="Cyrano de Bergerac (play)">Cyrano de Bergerac</a>. Olivier would have preferred the roles to be reversed, but Richardson did not wish to attempt Lear.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor1982135-159">[136]</a> Olivier's Lear received good but not outstanding reviews. In his scenes of decline and madness towards the end of the play some critics found him less moving than his finest predecessors in the role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196871-160">[137]</a> The influential critic <a href="/wiki/James_Agate" title="James Agate">James Agate</a> suggested that Olivier used his dazzling stage technique to disguise a lack of feeling, a charge that the actor strongly rejected, but which was often made throughout his later career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198990–91-161">[138]</a> During the run of Cyrano, Richardson was <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighted</a>, to Olivier's undisguised envy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor1982149-162">[139]</a> The younger man received the accolade six months later, by which time the days of the triumvirate were numbered. The high profile of the two star actors did not endear them to the new chairman of the Old Vic governors, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Sylvain_Baliol_Brett,_3rd_Viscount_Esher" title="Oliver Sylvain Baliol Brett, 3rd Viscount Esher">Lord Esher</a>. He had ambitions to be the first head of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a> and had no intention of letting actors run it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor1982149–153-163">[140]</a> He was encouraged by Guthrie, who, having instigated the appointment of Richardson and Olivier, had come to resent their knighthoods and international fame.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1995126-164">[141]</a> In January 1947 Olivier began working on his second film as a director, Hamlet (1948), in which he also took the lead role. The original play was heavily cut to focus on the relationships, rather than the political intrigue. The film became a critical and commercial success in Britain and abroad, although Lejeune, in The Observer, considered it "less effective than [Olivier's] stage work. ... He speaks the lines nobly, and with the caress of one who loves them, but he nullifies his own thesis by never, for a moment, leaving the impression of a man who cannot make up his own mind; here, you feel rather, is an actor-producer-director who, in every circumstance, knows exactly what he wants, and gets it".<a href="#cite_note-Obs:_Hamlet-165">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Dixon" title="Campbell Dixon">Campbell Dixon</a>, the critic for <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> thought the film "brilliant ... one of the masterpieces of the stage has been made into one of the greatest of films."<a href="#cite_note-D_Tel:_Hamlet-166">[143]</a> Hamlet became the first non-American film to win the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Award for Best Picture</a>, while Olivier won the Award for Best Actor.<a href="#cite_note-BFI:_Hamlet-167">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007145–147-168">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[x]</a> In 1948 Olivier led the Old Vic company on a six-month tour of Australia and New Zealand. He played Richard III, Sir Peter Teazle in Sheridan's <a href="/wiki/The_School_for_Scandal" title="The School for Scandal">The School for Scandal</a> and Antrobus in <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Skin_of_Our_Teeth" title="The Skin of Our Teeth">The Skin of Our Teeth</a>, appearing alongside Leigh in the latter two plays. While Olivier was on the Australian tour and Richardson was in Hollywood, Esher terminated the contracts of the three directors, who were said to have "resigned".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1995124_and_128-171">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Melvyn Bragg</a> in a 1984 study of Olivier, and John Miller in the authorised biography of Richardson, both comment that Esher's action put back the establishment of a National Theatre for at least a decade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198987Miller1995129-172">[148]</a> Looking back in 1971, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Levin" title="Bernard Levin">Bernard Levin</a> wrote that the Old Vic company of 1944 to 1948 "was probably the most illustrious that has ever been assembled in this country".<a href="#cite_note-levin_tears-173">[149]</a> The Times said that the triumvirate's years were the greatest in the Old Vic's history;<a href="#cite_note-times-rr-obit-174">[150]</a> as <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> put it, "the governors summarily sacked them in the interests of a more mediocre company spirit".<a href="#cite_note-guardian-rr-obit-175">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1948–1951:_Post-war_work">1948–1951: Post-war work</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1948–1951: Post-war work">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Laurence_Olivier_and_Vivien_Leigh_on_holiday_in_Queensland_(3190855694).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="woman and man seated on aeroplane steps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sir_Laurence_Olivier_and_Vivien_Leigh_on_holiday_in_Queensland_%283190855694%29.jpg/220px-Sir_Laurence_Olivier_and_Vivien_Leigh_on_holiday_in_Queensland_%283190855694%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sir_Laurence_Olivier_and_Vivien_Leigh_on_holiday_in_Queensland_%283190855694%29.jpg/330px-Sir_Laurence_Olivier_and_Vivien_Leigh_on_holiday_in_Queensland_%283190855694%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sir_Laurence_Olivier_and_Vivien_Leigh_on_holiday_in_Queensland_%283190855694%29.jpg/440px-Sir_Laurence_Olivier_and_Vivien_Leigh_on_holiday_in_Queensland_%283190855694%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="782" /></a><figcaption>Olivier with Leigh in Australia, 1948</figcaption></figure> By the end of the Australian tour, both Leigh and Olivier were exhausted and ill, and he told a journalist, "You may not know it, but you are talking to a couple of walking corpses." Later he would comment that he "lost Vivien" in Australia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988295-176">[152]</a> a reference to Leigh's affair with the Australian actor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a>, whom the couple met during the tour. Shortly afterwards Finch moved to London, where Olivier auditioned him and put him under a long-term contract with <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Productions" title="Laurence Olivier Productions">Laurence Olivier Productions</a>. Finch and Leigh's affair continued on and off for several years.<a href="#cite_note-S._Times:_Finch-177">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007149–150_and_152-178">[154]</a> Although it was common knowledge that the Old Vic triumvirate had been dismissed,<a href="#cite_note-guardian-sack-179">[155]</a> they refused to be drawn on the matter in public, and Olivier even arranged to play a final London season with the company in 1949, as Richard III, Sir Peter Teazle, and Chorus in his own production of <a href="/wiki/Anouilh" class="mw-redirect" title="Anouilh">Anouilh</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Anouilh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigone (Anouilh)">Antigone</a> with Leigh in the title role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> After that, he was free to embark on a new career as an actor-manager. In partnership with <a href="/wiki/Binkie_Beaumont" title="Binkie Beaumont">Binkie Beaumont</a> he staged the English premiere of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Streetcar_Named_Desire" title="A Streetcar Named Desire">A Streetcar Named Desire</a>, with Leigh in the central role of Blanche DuBois. The play was condemned by most critics, but the production was a considerable commercial success, and led to Leigh's casting as Blanche in the <a href="/wiki/A_Streetcar_Named_Desire_(1951_film)" title="A Streetcar Named Desire (1951 film)">1951 film version</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988256–257-180">[156]</a> Gielgud, who was a devoted friend of Leigh's, doubted whether Olivier was wise to let her play the demanding role of the mentally unstable heroine: "[Blanche] was so very like her, in a way. It must have been a most dreadful strain to do it night after night. She would be shaking and white and quite distraught at the end of it."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198988-181">[157]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:33%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #CEF6EC;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I think I'm a fairly good manager now. ... I ran the St. James's theatre for eight years. I didn't run that at all well. ... I made mistake after mistake, but I dare say those mistakes taught me something. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Olivier talking to <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tynan" title="Kenneth Tynan">Kenneth Tynan</a> in 1966<a href="#cite_note-tynan-interview-14">[12]</a></cite></div> </div> The production company set up by Olivier took a lease on the <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Theatre" title="St James's Theatre">St James's Theatre</a>. In January 1950 he produced, directed and starred in <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Fry" title="Christopher Fry">Christopher Fry</a>'s verse play <a href="/wiki/Venus_Observed" title="Venus Observed">Venus Observed</a>. The production was popular, despite poor reviews, but the expensive production did little to help the finances of Laurence Olivier Productions. After a series of box-office failures,<a href="#cite_note-183">[y]</a> the company balanced its books in 1951 with productions of <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Caesar_and_Cleopatra_(play)" title="Caesar and Cleopatra (play)">Caesar and Cleopatra</a> and Shakespeare's <a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a> which the Oliviers played in London and then took to Broadway. Olivier was thought by some critics to be under par in both his roles, and some suspected him of playing deliberately below his usual strength so that Leigh might appear his equal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988266-184">[159]</a> Olivier dismissed the suggestion, regarding it as an insult to his integrity as an actor. In the view of the critic and biographer <a href="/wiki/W._A._Darlington" class="mw-redirect" title="W. A. Darlington">W. A. Darlington</a>, he was simply miscast both as Caesar and Antony, finding the former boring and the latter weak. Darlington comments, "Olivier, in his middle forties when he should have been displaying his powers at their very peak, seemed to have lost interest in his own acting".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196877-185">[160]</a> Over the next four years Olivier spent much of his time working as a producer, presenting plays rather than directing or acting in them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196877-185">[160]</a> His presentations at the St James's included seasons by <a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Ruggeri" title="Ruggero Ruggeri">Ruggero Ruggeri</a>'s company giving two <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a> plays in Italian, followed by a visit from the Comédie-Française playing works by <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racine" class="mw-redirect" title="Racine">Racine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marivaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Marivaux">Marivaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musset" class="mw-redirect" title="Musset">Musset</a> in French.<a href="#cite_note-comedie-186">[161]</a> Darlington considers a 1951 production of Othello starring <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> as the pick of Olivier's productions at the theatre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196877-185">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1951–1954:_Independent_work">1951–1954: Independent work</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1951–1954: Independent work">edit</a>]</div> While Leigh made Streetcar in 1951, Olivier joined her in Hollywood to film <a href="/wiki/Carrie_(1952_film)" title="Carrie (1952 film)">Carrie</a>, based on the controversial novel <a href="/wiki/Sister_Carrie" title="Sister Carrie">Sister Carrie</a>; although the film was plagued by troubles, Olivier received warm reviews and a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a> nomination.<a href="#cite_note-TCM:_Carrie-187">[162]</a> Olivier began to notice a change in Leigh's behaviour, and he later recounted that "I would find Vivien sitting on the corner of the bed, wringing her hands and sobbing, in a state of grave distress; I would naturally try desperately to give her some comfort, but for some time she would be inconsolable."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier1994184-188">[163]</a> After a holiday with Coward in Jamaica, she seemed to have recovered, but Olivier later recorded, "I am sure that ... [the doctors] must have taken some pains to tell me what was wrong with my wife; that her disease was called manic depression and what that meant—a possibly permanent cyclical to-and-fro between the depths of depression and wild, uncontrollable mania.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006246-189">[164]</a> He also recounted the years of problems he had experienced because of Leigh's illness, writing, "throughout her possession by that uncannily evil monster, manic depression, with its deadly ever-tightening spirals, she retained her own individual canniness—an ability to disguise her true mental condition from almost all except me, for whom she could hardly be expected to take the trouble."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier1994185-190">[165]</a> In January 1953 Leigh travelled to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to film <a href="/wiki/Elephant_Walk" title="Elephant Walk">Elephant Walk</a> with Peter Finch. Shortly after filming started she suffered a breakdown, and returned to Britain where, between periods of incoherence, she told Olivier that she was in love with Finch, and had been having an affair with him;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapua2003128–129-191">[166]</a> she gradually recovered over a period of several months. As a result of the breakdown, many of the Oliviers' friends learned of her problems. Niven said she had been "quite, quite mad",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006254–263-192">[167]</a> and in his diary, Coward expressed the view that "things had been bad and getting worse since 1948 or thereabouts."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoward1983211-193">[168]</a> For the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Coronation of Elizabeth II">Coronation</a> season of 1953, Olivier and Leigh starred in the West End in <a href="/wiki/Terence_Rattigan" title="Terence Rattigan">Terence Rattigan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ruritania" title="Ruritania">Ruritanian</a> comedy, <a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Prince_(play)" title="The Sleeping Prince (play)">The Sleeping Prince</a>. It ran for eight months<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196879-194">[169]</a> but was widely regarded as a minor contribution to the season, in which other productions included Gielgud in <a href="/wiki/Venice_Preserv%27d" title="Venice Preserv'd">Venice Preserv'd</a>, Coward in <a href="/wiki/The_Apple_Cart" title="The Apple Cart">The Apple Cart</a> and Ashcroft and Redgrave in Antony and Cleopatra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988279–280-195">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-times-coronation-season-196">[171]</a> Olivier directed his third Shakespeare film in September 1954, Richard III (1955), which he co-produced with Korda. The presence of four theatrical knights in the one film—Olivier was joined by <a href="/wiki/Cedric_Hardwicke" title="Cedric Hardwicke">Cedric Hardwicke</a>, Gielgud and Richardson—led an American reviewer to dub it "An-All-Sir-Cast".<a href="#cite_note-crowdus-197">[172]</a> The critic for The Manchester Guardian described the film as a "bold and successful achievement",<a href="#cite_note-Guard:_Richard-198">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006265–266-199">[174]</a> but it was not a box-office success, which accounted for Olivier's subsequent failure to raise the funds for a <a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(unfinished_film)" title="Macbeth (unfinished film)">planned film</a> of Macbeth.<a href="#cite_note-crowdus-197">[172]</a> He won a BAFTA award for the role and was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award, which <a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> won.<a href="#cite_note-Oscar:_Richard-200">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-BAFTA-201">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1955–1956:_Last_productions_with_Leigh">1955–1956: Last productions with Leigh</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1955–1956: Last productions with Leigh">edit</a>]</div> In 1955 Olivier and Leigh were invited to play leading roles in three plays at the <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Memorial_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare Memorial Theatre">Shakespeare Memorial Theatre</a>, Stratford. They began with Twelfth Night, directed by Gielgud, with Olivier as Malvolio and Leigh as Viola. Rehearsals were difficult, with Olivier determined to play his conception of the role despite the director's view that it was vulgar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroall2000391-202">[177]</a> Gielgud later commented: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Somehow the production did not work. Olivier was set on playing <a href="/wiki/Malvolio" title="Malvolio">Malvolio</a> in his own particular rather extravagant way. He was extremely moving at the end, but he played the earlier scenes like a Jewish hairdresser, with a lisp and an extraordinary accent, and he insisted on falling backwards off a bench in the garden scene, though I begged him not to do it. ... But then Malvolio is a very difficult part.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGielgud1979178-203">[178]</a></blockquote> The next production was Macbeth. Reviewers were lukewarm about the direction by <a href="/wiki/Glen_Byam_Shaw" title="Glen Byam Shaw">Glen Byam Shaw</a> and the designs by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Furse" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Furse">Roger Furse</a>, but Olivier's performance in the title role attracted superlatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988294–295-204">[179]</a> To <a href="/wiki/J._C._Trewin" title="J. C. Trewin">J. C. Trewin</a>, Olivier's was "the finest <a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(character)" title="Macbeth (character)">Macbeth</a> of our day"; to Darlington it was "the best Macbeth of our time".<a href="#cite_note-trewin-macbeth-205">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196882-206">[181]</a> Leigh's <a href="/wiki/Lady_Macbeth" title="Lady Macbeth">Lady Macbeth</a> received mixed but generally polite notices,<a href="#cite_note-trewin-macbeth-205">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-times-1955-macbeth-207">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-tynan-macbeth-208">[183]</a> although to the end of his life Olivier believed it to have been the best Lady Macbeth he ever saw.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988298-209">[184]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivien_Leigh_in_Laurence_Olivier_na_brzovlaku_v_Mariboru_1957.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="woman and man seated and looking towards camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Vivien_Leigh_in_Laurence_Olivier_na_brzovlaku_v_Mariboru_1957.jpg/220px-Vivien_Leigh_in_Laurence_Olivier_na_brzovlaku_v_Mariboru_1957.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Vivien_Leigh_in_Laurence_Olivier_na_brzovlaku_v_Mariboru_1957.jpg/330px-Vivien_Leigh_in_Laurence_Olivier_na_brzovlaku_v_Mariboru_1957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Vivien_Leigh_in_Laurence_Olivier_na_brzovlaku_v_Mariboru_1957.jpg/440px-Vivien_Leigh_in_Laurence_Olivier_na_brzovlaku_v_Mariboru_1957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>Leigh and Olivier in 1957</figcaption></figure> In their third production of the 1955 Stratford season, Olivier played the title role in <a href="/wiki/Titus_Andronicus" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a>, with Leigh as Lavinia. Her notices in the part were damning,<a href="#cite_note-211">[z]</a> but the production by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brook" title="Peter Brook">Peter Brook</a> and Olivier's performance as Titus received the greatest ovation in Stratford history from the first-night audience, and the critics hailed the production as a landmark in post-war British theatre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988296–297-212">[186]</a> Olivier and Brook revived the production for a continental tour in June 1957; its final performance, which closed the old <a href="/wiki/Stoll_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoll Theatre">Stoll Theatre</a> in London, was the last time Leigh and Olivier acted together.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196882-206">[181]</a> Leigh became pregnant in 1956 and withdrew from the production of Coward's comedy <a href="/wiki/South_Sea_Bubble_(play)" title="South Sea Bubble (play)">South Sea Bubble</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoward1983327-213">[187]</a> The day after her final performance in the play she miscarried and entered a period of depression that lasted for months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoward1983330,_358Coleman2006284–285-214">[188]</a> In the same year Olivier directed and co-starred with <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> in a film version of The Sleeping Prince, retitled <a href="/wiki/The_Prince_and_the_Showgirl" title="The Prince and the Showgirl">The Prince and the Showgirl</a>. Although the filming was challenging because of Monroe's behaviour, the film was appreciated by the critics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006287-215">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1957–1963:_Royal_Court_and_Chichester">1957–1963: Royal Court and Chichester</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1957–1963: Royal Court and Chichester">edit</a>]</div> During the production of The Prince and the Showgirl, Olivier, Monroe and her husband, the American playwright <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a>, went to see the English Stage Company's production of <a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">John Osborne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre" title="Royal Court Theatre">Royal Court</a>. Olivier had seen the play earlier in the run and disliked it, but Miller was convinced that Osborne had talent, and Olivier reconsidered. He was ready for a change of direction; in 1981 he wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I had reached a stage in my life that I was getting profoundly sick of—not just tired—sick. Consequently the public were, likely enough, beginning to agree with me. My rhythm of work had become a bit deadly: a classical or semi-classical film; a play or two at Stratford, or a nine-month run in the West End, etc etc. I was going mad, desperately searching for something suddenly fresh and thrillingly exciting. What I felt to be my image was boring me to death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindlater198140-216">[190]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurence_Olivier_and_Joan_Plowright_1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="middle-aged man with young woman on stage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Laurence_Olivier_and_Joan_Plowright_1960.jpg/220px-Laurence_Olivier_and_Joan_Plowright_1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Laurence_Olivier_and_Joan_Plowright_1960.jpg/330px-Laurence_Olivier_and_Joan_Plowright_1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Laurence_Olivier_and_Joan_Plowright_1960.jpg/440px-Laurence_Olivier_and_Joan_Plowright_1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>Olivier, with <a href="/wiki/Joan_Plowright" title="Joan Plowright">Joan Plowright</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(play)" title="The Entertainer (play)">The Entertainer</a> on Broadway in 1958</figcaption></figure> Osborne was already at work on a new play, <a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(play)" title="The Entertainer (play)">The Entertainer</a>, an allegory of Britain's post-colonial decline, centred on a seedy variety comedian, Archie Rice. Having read the first act—all that was completed by then—Olivier asked to be cast in the part. He had for years maintained that he might easily have been a third-rate comedian called "Larry Oliver", and would sometimes play the character at parties. Behind Archie's brazen façade there is a deep desolation, and Olivier caught both aspects, switching, in the words of the biographer <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Holden" title="Anthony Holden">Anthony Holden</a>, "from a gleefully tacky comic routine to moments of the most wrenching pathos".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988314–316-217">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a>'s production for the English Stage Company transferred from the Royal Court to the <a href="/wiki/Palace_Theatre,_London" title="Palace Theatre, London">Palace Theatre</a> in September 1957; after that it toured and returned to the Palace.<a href="#cite_note-times-entertainer-218">[192]</a> The role of Archie's daughter Jean was taken by three actresses during the various runs. The second of them was <a href="/wiki/Joan_Plowright" title="Joan Plowright">Joan Plowright</a>, with whom Olivier began a relationship that endured for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-220">[aa]</a> Olivier said that playing Archie "made me feel like a modern actor again".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988318-221">[194]</a> In finding an avant-garde play that suited him, he was, as Osborne remarked, far ahead of Gielgud and Ralph Richardson, who did not successfully follow his lead for more than a decade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198999-222">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[ab]</a> Their first substantial successes in works by any of Osborne's generation were <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Forty_Years_On_(play)" title="Forty Years On (play)">Forty Years On</a> (Gielgud in 1968) and <a href="/wiki/David_Storey" title="David Storey">David Storey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Home_(Storey_play)" title="Home (Storey play)">Home</a> (Richardson and Gielgud in 1970).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1995228–229Croall2000456-225">[197]</a> Olivier received another BAFTA nomination for his supporting role in 1959's <a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Disciple_(1959_film)" title="The Devil's Disciple (1959 film)">The Devil's Disciple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BAFTA-201">[176]</a> The same year, after a gap of two decades, Olivier returned to the role of Coriolanus, in a Stratford production directed by the 28-year-old <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hall_(director)" title="Peter Hall (director)">Peter Hall</a>. Olivier's performance received strong praise from the critics for its fierce athleticism combined with an emotional vulnerability.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> In 1960 he made his second appearance for the Royal Court company in <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ionesco" title="Eugène Ionesco">Ionesco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Absurd">absurdist</a> play <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_(play)" title="Rhinoceros (play)">Rhinoceros</a>. The production was chiefly remarkable for the star's quarrels with the director, Orson Welles, who according to the biographer <a href="/wiki/Francis_Beckett" title="Francis Beckett">Francis Beckett</a> suffered the "appalling treatment" that Olivier had inflicted on Gielgud at Stratford five years earlier. Olivier again ignored his director and undermined his authority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett2005106-226">[198]</a> In 1960 and 1961 Olivier appeared in Anouilh's <a href="/wiki/Becket" title="Becket">Becket</a> on Broadway, first in the title role, with <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a> as the king, and later exchanging roles with his co-star.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spartacus_-_1960_-_poster.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="colourful Hollywood film poster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Spartacus_-_1960_-_poster.png/220px-Spartacus_-_1960_-_poster.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Spartacus_-_1960_-_poster.png/330px-Spartacus_-_1960_-_poster.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Spartacus_-_1960_-_poster.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Poster for <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a>, one of two films in which Olivier appeared in 1960</figcaption></figure> Two films featuring Olivier were released in 1960. The first—filmed in 1959—was <a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a>, in which he portrayed the Roman general, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus" title="Marcus Licinius Crassus">Marcus Licinius Crassus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006318-227">[199]</a> His second was <a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(film)" title="The Entertainer (film)">The Entertainer</a>, shot while he was appearing in Coriolanus; the film was well received by the critics, but not as warmly as the stage show had been.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn200723-228">[200]</a> The reviewer for The Guardian thought the performances were good, and wrote that Olivier "on the screen as on the stage, achieves the tour de force of bringing Archie Rice ... to life".<a href="#cite_note-Guard:_Entertainer-229">[201]</a> For his performance, Olivier was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.<a href="#cite_note-Oscar:_Entertainer-230">[202]</a> He also made an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/The_Moon_and_Sixpence_(TV_movie)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon and Sixpence (TV movie)">The Moon and Sixpence</a> in 1960, winning an <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanitch1985188–189-231">[203]</a> The Oliviers' marriage was disintegrating during the late 1950s. While directing <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> in the 1960 play The Tumbler, Olivier divulged that "Vivien is several thousand miles away, trembling on the edge of a cliff, even when she's sitting quietly in her own drawing room", at a time when she was threatening suicide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007197–200-232">[204]</a> In May 1960 divorce proceedings started; Leigh reported the fact to the press and informed reporters of Olivier's relationship with Plowright.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006326-233">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Decree_nisi" title="Decree nisi">decree nisi</a> was issued in December 1960, which enabled him to marry Plowright in March 1961.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006330_and_334-234">[206]</a> A son, Richard, was born in December 1961; two daughters followed, Tamsin Agnes Margaret—born in January 1963—and actress Julie-Kate, born in July 1966.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007205,_209_and_218-235">[207]</a> In 1961 Olivier accepted the directorship of a new theatrical venture, the <a href="/wiki/Chichester_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichester Festival">Chichester Festival</a>. For the opening season in 1962 he directed two neglected 17th-century English plays, <a href="/wiki/John_Fletcher_(playwright)" title="John Fletcher (playwright)">John Fletcher</a>'s 1638 comedy The Chances and <a href="/wiki/John_Ford_(dramatist)" title="John Ford (dramatist)">John Ford</a>'s 1633 tragedy <a href="/wiki/The_Broken_Heart" title="The Broken Heart">The Broken Heart</a>,<a href="#cite_note-times-chichester-1-236">[208]</a> followed by Uncle Vanya. The company he recruited was forty strong and included Thorndike, Casson, Redgrave, <a href="/wiki/Athene_Seyler" title="Athene Seyler">Athene Seyler</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Neville_(actor)" title="John Neville (actor)">John Neville</a> and Plowright.<a href="#cite_note-times-chichester-1-236">[208]</a> The first two plays were politely received; the Chekhov production attracted rapturous notices. The Times commented, "It is doubtful if the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Arts_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Arts Theatre">Moscow Arts Theatre</a> itself could improve on this production."<a href="#cite_note-times-chichester-2-237">[209]</a> The second Chichester season the following year consisted of a revival of Uncle Vanya and two new productions—Shaw's <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joan_(play)" title="Saint Joan (play)">Saint Joan</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Arden" title="John Arden">John Arden</a>'s The Workhouse Donkey.<a href="#cite_note-times-chichester-3-238">[210]</a> In 1963 Olivier received another BAFTA nomination for his leading role as a schoolteacher accused of sexually molesting a student in the film <a href="/wiki/Term_of_Trial" title="Term of Trial">Term of Trial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BAFTA-201">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Theatre">National Theatre</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: National Theatre">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1963–1968">1963–1968</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1963–1968">edit</a>]</div> At around the time the Chichester Festival opened, plans for the creation of the National Theatre were coming to fruition. The British government agreed to release funds for a new building on the <a href="/wiki/South_Bank" title="South Bank">South Bank</a> of the Thames.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lyttelton,_1st_Viscount_Chandos" title="Oliver Lyttelton, 1st Viscount Chandos">Lord Chandos</a> was appointed chairman of the National Theatre Board in 1962, and in August Olivier accepted its invitation to be the company's first director. As his assistants, he recruited the directors <a href="/wiki/John_Dexter" title="John Dexter">John Dexter</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Gaskill" title="William Gaskill">William Gaskill</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tynan" title="Kenneth Tynan">Kenneth Tynan</a> as literary adviser or "<a href="/wiki/Dramaturge" title="Dramaturge">dramaturge</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988356_and_368-239">[211]</a> Pending the construction of the new theatre, the company was based at the Old Vic. With the agreement of both organisations, Olivier remained in overall charge of the Chichester Festival during the first three seasons of the National; he used the festivals of 1964 and 1965 to give preliminary runs to plays he hoped to stage at the Old Vic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196890-240">[212]</a> The opening production of the National Theatre was Hamlet in October 1963, starring <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> and directed by Olivier. O'Toole was a guest star, one of occasional exceptions to Olivier's policy of casting productions from a regular company. Among those who made a mark during Olivier's directorship were <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bates" title="Alan Bates">Alan Bates</a>, Derek Jacobi and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a>. It was widely remarked that Olivier seemed reluctant to recruit his peers to perform with his company.<a href="#cite_note-times-obit-241">[213]</a> Evans, Gielgud and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> guested only briefly, and Ashcroft and Richardson never appeared at the National during Olivier's time.<a href="#cite_note-242">[ac]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephens" title="Robert Stephens">Robert Stephens</a>, a member of the company, observed, "Olivier's one great fault was a paranoid jealousy of anyone who he thought was a rival".<a href="#cite_note-lewis-sunday-times-243">[214]</a> In his decade in charge of the National, Olivier acted in thirteen plays and directed eight.<a href="#cite_note-nt-olivier-244">[215]</a> Several of the roles he played were minor characters, including a crazed butler in <a href="/wiki/Feydeau" class="mw-redirect" title="Feydeau">Feydeau</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Flea_in_Her_Ear" title="A Flea in Her Ear">A Flea in Her Ear</a> and a pompous solicitor in <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Maugham" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset Maugham">Maugham</a>'s Home and Beauty; the vulgar soldier Captain Brazen in <a href="/wiki/George_Farquhar" title="George Farquhar">Farquhar</a>'s 1706 comedy <a href="/wiki/The_Recruiting_Officer" title="The Recruiting Officer">The Recruiting Officer</a> was a larger role but not the leading one.<a href="#cite_note-recruiting-officer-245">[216]</a> Apart from his Astrov in the Uncle Vanya, familiar from Chichester, his first leading role for the National was Othello, directed by Dexter in 1964. The production was a box-office success and was revived regularly over the next five seasons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988403-246">[217]</a> His performance divided opinion. Most of the reviewers and theatrical colleagues praised it highly; <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> called it "an anthology of everything that has been discovered about acting in the past three centuries."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988379_and_382-247">[218]</a> Dissenting voices included <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a>, which called it "the kind of bad acting of which only a great actor is capable ... near the frontiers of self-parody";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988379-248">[219]</a> the director <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller" title="Jonathan Miller">Jonathan Miller</a> thought it "a condescending view of an Afro Caribbean person".<a href="#cite_note-walker-249">[220]</a> The burden of playing this demanding part at the same time as managing the new company and planning for the move to the new theatre took its toll on Olivier. To add to his load, he felt obliged to take over as Solness in <a href="/wiki/The_Master_Builder" title="The Master Builder">The Master Builder</a> when the ailing Redgrave withdrew from the role in November 1964.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988385-250">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[ad]</a> For the first time Olivier began to suffer from <a href="/wiki/Stage_fright" title="Stage fright">stage fright</a>, which plagued him for several years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1989107–108-254">[224]</a> The National Theatre production of Othello was released <a href="/wiki/Othello_(1965_British_film)" title="Othello (1965 British film)">as a film</a> in 1965, which earned four Academy Award nominations, including another for Best Actor for Olivier.<a href="#cite_note-Oscar:_Othello-255">[225]</a> During the following year Olivier concentrated on management, directing one production (<a href="/wiki/The_Crucible" title="The Crucible">The Crucible</a>), taking the comic role of the foppish Tattle in <a href="/wiki/William_Congreve" title="William Congreve">Congreve</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Love_for_Love" title="Love for Love">Love for Love</a>, and making one film, <a href="/wiki/Bunny_Lake_is_Missing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunny Lake is Missing">Bunny Lake is Missing</a>, in which he and Coward were on the same bill for the first time since Private Lives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay2005159-256">[226]</a> In 1966, his one play as director was <a href="/wiki/Juno_and_the_Paycock" title="Juno and the Paycock">Juno and the Paycock</a>. The Times commented that the production "restores one's faith in the work as a masterpiece".<a href="#cite_note-paycock-257">[227]</a> In the same year Olivier portrayed the <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a>, opposite Heston as <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon" title="Charles George Gordon">General Gordon</a>, in the film <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_(film)" title="Khartoum (film)">Khartoum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196844-258">[228]</a> In 1967 Olivier was caught in the middle of a confrontation between Chandos and Tynan over the latter's proposal to stage <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Hochhuth" title="Rolf Hochhuth">Rolf Hochhuth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Hochhuth#Soldiers" title="Rolf Hochhuth">Soldiers</a>. As the play speculatively depicted Churchill as complicit in the assassination of the Polish prime minister <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski">Władysław Sikorski</a>, Chandos regarded it as indefensible. At his urging the board unanimously vetoed the production. Tynan considered resigning over this interference with the management's artistic freedom, but Olivier himself stayed firmly in place, and Tynan also remained.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988396–397-259">[229]</a> At about this time Olivier began a long struggle against a succession of illnesses. He was treated for <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a> and, during rehearsals for his production of Chekhov's <a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(play)" title="Three Sisters (play)">Three Sisters</a> he was hospitalised with pneumonia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006382–383-260">[230]</a> He recovered enough to take the heavy role of Edgar in <a href="/wiki/Strindberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Strindberg">Strindberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Dance_of_Death_(Strindberg)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dance of Death (Strindberg)">The Dance of Death</a>, the finest of all his performances other than in Shakespeare, in Gielgud's view.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1989108-261">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1968–1974">1968–1974</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1968–1974">edit</a>]</div> Olivier had intended to step down from the directorship of the National Theatre at the end of his first five-year contract, having, he hoped, led the company into its new building. By 1968 because of bureaucratic delays construction work had not even begun, and he agreed to serve for a second five-year term.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988405-262">[232]</a> His next major role, and his last appearance in a Shakespeare play, was as <a href="/wiki/Shylock" title="Shylock">Shylock</a> in The Merchant of Venice, his first appearance in the work.<a href="#cite_note-264">[ae]</a> He had intended Guinness or Scofield to play Shylock, but stepped in when neither was available.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006397-265">[234]</a> The production by Jonathan Miller, and Olivier's performance, attracted a wide range of responses. Two different critics reviewed it for The Guardian: one wrote "this is not a role which stretches him, or for which he will be particularly remembered"; the other commented that the performance "ranks as one of his greatest achievements, involving his whole range".<a href="#cite_note-guardian-merchant1-266">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-merchant2-267">[236]</a> In 1969 Olivier appeared in two war films, portraying military leaders. He played Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/John_French,_1st_Earl_of_Ypres" title="John French, 1st Earl of Ypres">French</a> in the First World War film <a href="/wiki/Oh!_What_a_Lovely_War" title="Oh! What a Lovely War">Oh! What a Lovely War</a>, for which he won another BAFTA award,<a href="#cite_note-BAFTA-201">[176]</a> followed by Air Chief Marshal <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dowding" title="Hugh Dowding">Hugh Dowding</a> in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_(film)" title="Battle of Britain (film)">Battle of Britain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007222-268">[237]</a> In June 1970 he became the first actor to be created a peer for services to the theatre.<a href="#cite_note-Guard:_Peerage_1-269">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guard:_Peerage_2-270">[239]</a> Although he initially declined the honour, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>, the incumbent prime minister, wrote to him, then invited him and Plowright to dinner, and persuaded him to accept.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier1994303–304-271">[240]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurence_Olivier_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="elegantly ageing man in cravat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Laurence_Olivier_Allan_Warren.jpg/220px-Laurence_Olivier_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Laurence_Olivier_Allan_Warren.jpg/330px-Laurence_Olivier_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Laurence_Olivier_Allan_Warren.jpg/440px-Laurence_Olivier_Allan_Warren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6578" data-file-height="6488" /></a><figcaption>Laurence Olivier in 1972, during the production of <a href="/wiki/Sleuth_(1972_film)" title="Sleuth (1972 film)">Sleuth</a></figcaption></figure> After this Olivier played three more stage roles: James Tyrone in <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night" title="Long Day's Journey into Night">Long Day's Journey into Night</a> (1971–72), Antonio in <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_de_Filippo" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo de Filippo">Eduardo de Filippo</a>'s Saturday, Sunday, Monday and John Tagg in <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Griffiths" title="Trevor Griffiths">Trevor Griffiths</a>'s The Party (both 1973–74). Among the roles he hoped to play, but could not because of ill-health, was Nathan Detroit in the musical <a href="/wiki/Guys_and_Dolls" title="Guys and Dolls">Guys and Dolls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988220-272">[241]</a> In 1972 he took leave of absence from the National to star opposite <a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a>'s film of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shaffer_(writer)" title="Anthony Shaffer (writer)">Anthony Shaffer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sleuth_(1972_film)" title="Sleuth (1972 film)">Sleuth</a>, which <a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_London_News" title="The Illustrated London News">The Illustrated London News</a> considered to be "Olivier at his twinkling, eye-rolling best";<a href="#cite_note-ILN:_Sleuth-273">[242]</a> both he and Caine were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, losing to <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oscar:_Sleuth-274">[243]</a> The last two stage plays Olivier directed were <a href="/wiki/Jean_Giradoux" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Giradoux">Jean Giradoux</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Amphitryon_38" title="Amphitryon 38">Amphitryon</a> (1971) and Priestley's <a href="/wiki/Eden_End" title="Eden End">Eden End</a> (1974).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988465–466-275">[244]</a> By the time of Eden End, he was no longer director of the National Theatre; Peter Hall took over on 1 November 1973.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall198450-276">[245]</a> The succession was tactlessly handled by the board, and Olivier felt that he had been eased out—although he had declared his intention to go—and that he had not been properly consulted about the choice of successor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall19848–9-277">[246]</a> The largest of the three theatres within the National's new building was named in his honour, but his only appearance on the stage of the Olivier Theatre was at its official opening by the Queen in October 1976, when he made a speech of welcome, which Hall privately described as the most successful part of the evening.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1984266-278">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1975–1989:_Later_years_and_death">1975–1989: Later years and death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1975–1989: Later years and death">edit</a>]</div> Olivier spent the last 15 years of his life securing his finances and dealing with deteriorating health,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> which included thrombosis and <a href="/wiki/Dermatomyositis" title="Dermatomyositis">dermatomyositis</a>, a degenerative muscle disorder.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006419–420-279">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-EB:_LO-280">[249]</a> Professionally, and to provide financial security, he made a series of advertisements for <a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Corporation" title="Polaroid Corporation">Polaroid</a> cameras in 1972, although he stipulated that they must never be shown in Britain; he also took a number of cameo film roles, which were in "often undistinguished films", according to Billington.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004Coleman2006413-281">[250]</a> Olivier's move from leading parts to supporting and cameo roles came about because his poor health meant he could not get the necessary long insurance for larger parts, with only short engagements in films available.<a href="#cite_note-Guard:_Insurance-282">[251]</a> Olivier's dermatomyositis meant he spent the last three months of 1974 in hospital, and he spent early 1975 slowly recovering and regaining his strength. When strong enough, he was contacted by the director <a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a>, who offered him the role of a Nazi torturer in the 1976 film <a href="/wiki/Marathon_Man_(film)" title="Marathon Man (film)">Marathon Man</a>. Olivier shaved his pate and wore oversized glasses to enlarge the look of his eyes, in a role that the critic <a href="/wiki/David_Robinson_(film_critic)" title="David Robinson (film critic)">David Robinson</a>, writing for The Times, thought was "strongly played", adding that Olivier was "always at his best in roles that call for him to be seedy or nasty or both".<a href="#cite_note-Times:_Marathon-283">[252]</a> Olivier was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, and won the Golden Globe of the same category.<a href="#cite_note-Oscar:_Marathon-284">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-globes:_Marathon-285">[254]</a> In the mid-1970s Olivier became increasingly involved in television work, a medium of which he was initially dismissive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> In 1973 he provided the narration for a 26-episode documentary, <a href="/wiki/The_World_at_War" title="The World at War">The World at War</a>, which chronicled the events of the Second World War, and won a second Emmy Award for <a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night_(1973_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Day's Journey into Night (1973 film)">Long Day's Journey into Night</a> (1973). In 1975 he won another Emmy for <a href="/wiki/Love_Among_the_Ruins_(film)" title="Love Among the Ruins (film)">Love Among the Ruins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanitch1985188–189-231">[203]</a> The following year he appeared in adaptations of Tennessee Williams's <a href="/wiki/Cat_on_a_Hot_Tin_Roof" title="Cat on a Hot Tin Roof">Cat on a Hot Tin Roof</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Collection_(play)" title="The Collection (play)">The Collection</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006592Munn2007245–246-286">[255]</a> Olivier portrayed the <a href="/wiki/Pharisee" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharisee">Pharisee</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a> in Franco Zeffirelli's 1977 miniseries <a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth_(miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus of Nazareth (miniseries)">Jesus of Nazareth</a>. In 1978 he appeared in the film <a href="/wiki/The_Boys_from_Brazil_(film)" title="The Boys from Brazil (film)">The Boys from Brazil</a>, playing the role of Ezra Lieberman, an ageing <a href="/wiki/Nazi_hunter" title="Nazi hunter">Nazi hunter</a>; he received his eleventh Academy Award nomination. Although he did not win the Oscar, he was presented with an Honorary Award for his lifetime achievement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006445_and_461-287">[256]</a> Olivier continued working in film into the 1980s, with roles in <a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer_(1980_film)" title="The Jazz Singer (1980 film)">The Jazz Singer</a> (1980), <a href="/wiki/Inchon_(film)" title="Inchon (film)">Inchon</a> (1981), <a href="/wiki/The_Bounty_(1984_film)" title="The Bounty (1984 film)">The Bounty</a> (1984) and <a href="/wiki/Wild_Geese_II" title="Wild Geese II">Wild Geese II</a> (1985).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007282-288">[257]</a> He continued to work in television; in 1981 he appeared as Lord Marchmain in <a href="/wiki/Brideshead_Revisited_(TV_serial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brideshead Revisited (TV serial)">Brideshead Revisited</a>, winning another Emmy, and the following year he received his tenth and last BAFTA nomination in the television adaptation of <a href="/wiki/John_Mortimer" title="John Mortimer">John Mortimer</a>'s stage play <a href="/wiki/A_Voyage_Round_My_Father" title="A Voyage Round My Father">A Voyage Round My Father</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BAFTA-201">[176]</a> In 1983 he played his last Shakespearean role as Lear in <a href="/wiki/King_Lear_(1983_TV_programme)" title="King Lear (1983 TV programme)">King Lear</a>, for Granada Television, earning his fifth Emmy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanitch1985188–189-231">[203]</a> He thought the role of Lear much less demanding than other tragic Shakespearean heroes: "No, Lear is easy. He's like all of us, really: he's just a stupid old fart."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier198693-289">[258]</a> When the production was first shown on American television, the critic Steve Vineberg wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Olivier seems to have thrown away technique this time—his is a breathtakingly pure Lear. In his final speech, over Cordelia's lifeless body, he brings us so close to Lear's sorrow that we can hardly bear to watch, because we have seen the last Shakespearean hero Laurence Olivier will ever play. But what a finale! In this most sublime of plays, our greatest actor has given an indelible performance. Perhaps it would be most appropriate to express simple gratitude.<a href="#cite_note-vineberg-290">[259]</a></blockquote> The same year he also appeared in a cameo alongside Gielgud and Richardson in <a href="/wiki/Wagner_(film)" title="Wagner (film)">Wagner</a>, with Burton in the title role;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanitch1985175-291">[260]</a> his final screen appearance was as an elderly wheelchair-using soldier in <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jarman" title="Derek Jarman">Derek Jarman</a>'s 1989 film <a href="/wiki/War_Requiem_(film)" title="War Requiem (film)">War Requiem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006495-292">[261]</a> After being ill for the last 22 years of his life, Olivier died of renal failure on 11 July 1989 aged 82 at his home in the village of <a href="/wiki/Ashurst,_West_Sussex" title="Ashurst, West Sussex">Ashurst</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Steyning" title="Steyning">Steyning</a>, West Sussex. His cremation was held three days later;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004Coleman2006497-293">[262]</a> a memorial service was held in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> in October that year, where his ashes were later buried in <a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Corner" title="Poets' Corner">Poets' Corner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EB:_LO-280">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007268-294">[263]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Awards and honours">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Laurence_Olivier" title="List of awards and nominations received by Laurence Olivier">List of awards and nominations received by Laurence Olivier</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurence_Olivier,_South_Bank_SE1_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1268529.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Statue of man dressed as the warrior king Henry V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Laurence_Olivier%2C_South_Bank_SE1_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1268529.jpg/175px-Laurence_Olivier%2C_South_Bank_SE1_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1268529.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Laurence_Olivier%2C_South_Bank_SE1_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1268529.jpg/263px-Laurence_Olivier%2C_South_Bank_SE1_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1268529.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Laurence_Olivier%2C_South_Bank_SE1_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1268529.jpg/350px-Laurence_Olivier%2C_South_Bank_SE1_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1268529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="640" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Statue of Lord Olivier outside the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Olivier_star.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Five-pointed memorial star on pavement" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Olivier_star.jpg/175px-Olivier_star.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Olivier_star.jpg/263px-Olivier_star.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Olivier_star.jpg/350px-Olivier_star.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1933" data-file-height="1908" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Olivier's star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a></div></div></div></div></div> Olivier was appointed <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1947_Birthday_Honours" title="1947 Birthday Honours">1947 Birthday Honours</a> for services to the stage and to films.<a href="#cite_note-295">[264]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Life_peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="Life peerage">life peerage</a> as Baron Olivier, of <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a> in the County of <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>, followed in the <a href="/wiki/1970_Birthday_Honours" title="1970 Birthday Honours">1970 Birthday Honours</a> for services to the theatre.<a href="#cite_note-296">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[266]</a> (He had declined a similar offer in 1967.)<a href="#cite_note-298">[267]</a> Olivier was later appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">Order of Merit</a> in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-299">[268]</a> He also received honours from foreign governments. In 1949, he was made Commander of the Danish <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Dannebrog" title="Order of the Dannebrog">Order of the Dannebrog</a>; France appointed him Officier, <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a>, in 1953; the Italian government created him Grande Ufficiale, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a>, in 1953; and in 1971 he was granted the Order of Yugoslav Flag with Golden Wreath.<a href="#cite_note-who-300">[269]</a> From academic and other institutions, Olivier received honorary doctorates from <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> (1946), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> (1957) and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> (1964). He was also awarded the Danish <a href="/wiki/Sonning_Prize" title="Sonning Prize">Sonning Prize</a> in 1966, the Gold Medallion of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Letters,_History_and_Antiquities" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities">Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities</a> in 1968; and the <a href="/wiki/Albert_Medal_(Royal_Society_of_Arts)" title="Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts)">Albert Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Arts" title="Royal Society of Arts">Royal Society of Arts</a> in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-who-300">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006photo_39,_facing_p._416-301">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[af]</a> For his work in films, Olivier received four <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>: an honorary award for Henry V (1947), a Best Actor award and one as producer for Hamlet (1948), and a second honorary award in 1979 to recognise his lifetime of contribution to the art of film. He was nominated for nine other acting Oscars and one each for production and direction.<a href="#cite_note-303">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[272]</a> He also won two <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">British Academy Film Awards</a> out of ten nominations,<a href="#cite_note-306">[ag]</a> five Emmy Awards out of nine nominations,<a href="#cite_note-307">[ah]</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Awards</a> out of six nominations.<a href="#cite_note-308">[ai]</a> He was nominated once for a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play">Tony Award</a> (for best actor, as Archie Rice) but did not win.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanitch1985188–189-231">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[274]</a> In February 1960, for his contribution to the film industry, Olivier was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>, with a star at 6319 <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard" title="Hollywood Boulevard">Hollywood Boulevard</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Walk_of_fame-310">[275]</a> he is included in the <a href="/wiki/American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Theater Hall of Fame">American Theater Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hall_o_F-311">[276]</a> In 1977, Olivier was awarded a <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="British Film Institute Fellowship">British Film Institute Fellowship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShail2007158-312">[277]</a> In addition to the naming of the National Theatre's largest auditorium in Olivier's honour, he is commemorated in the <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Awards" title="Laurence Olivier Awards">Laurence Olivier Awards</a>, bestowed annually since 1984 by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_London_Theatre" title="Society of London Theatre">Society of London Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-who-300">[269]</a> In 1991, Gielgud unveiled a memorial stone commemorating Olivier in Poets' Corner at Westminster Abbey.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGielgud2004483-313">[278]</a> In 2007, the centenary of Olivier's birth, a life-sized statue of him was unveiled on the <a href="/wiki/South_Bank" title="South Bank">South Bank</a>, outside the National Theatre;<a href="#cite_note-D_Tel:_Statue-314">[279]</a> the same year the BFI held a retrospective season of his film work.<a href="#cite_note-TO:_BFI_season-315">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technique_and_reputation">Technique and reputation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Technique and reputation">edit</a>]</div> Olivier's acting technique was minutely crafted, and he was known for changing his appearance considerably from role to role. By his own admission, he was addicted to extravagant make-up,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden19883-316">[281]</a> and unlike Richardson and Gielgud, he excelled at different voices and accents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor198260Croall2013128-317">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[aj]</a> His own description of his technique was "working from the outside in";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden19882-320">[284]</a> he said, "I can never act as myself, I have to have a pillow up my jumper, a false nose or a moustache or wig ... I cannot come on looking like me and be someone else."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden19883-316">[281]</a> Rattigan described how at rehearsals Olivier "built his performance slowly and with immense application from a mass of tiny details".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988281-321">[285]</a> This attention to detail had its critics: Agate remarked, "When I look at a watch it is to see the time and not to admire the mechanism. I want an actor to tell me Lear's time of day and Olivier doesn't. He bids me watch the wheels go round."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198990-322">[286]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurence_Olivier_(borders_removed).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="head and shoulders semi-profile shot of man in this thirties" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Laurence_Olivier_%28borders_removed%29.jpg/220px-Laurence_Olivier_%28borders_removed%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Laurence_Olivier_%28borders_removed%29.jpg/330px-Laurence_Olivier_%28borders_removed%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Laurence_Olivier_%28borders_removed%29.jpg/440px-Laurence_Olivier_%28borders_removed%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="3746" /></a><figcaption>Olivier in 1939</figcaption></figure> Tynan remarked to Olivier, "you aren't really a contemplative or philosophical actor";<a href="#cite_note-tynan-interview-14">[12]</a> Olivier was known for the strenuous physicality of his performances in some roles. He told Tynan this was because he was influenced as a young man by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Navarro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Navarro">Ramon Navarro</a> and John Barrymore in films, and Barrymore on stage as Hamlet: "tremendously athletic. I admired that greatly, all of us did. ... One thought of oneself, idiotically, skinny as I was, as a sort of Tarzan."<a href="#cite_note-tynan-interview-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[ak]</a> According to Morley, Gielgud was widely considered "the best actor in the world from the neck up and Olivier from the neck down."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorley2001123-325">[288]</a> Olivier described the contrast thus: "I've always thought that we were the reverses of the same coin ... the top half John, all spirituality, all beauty, all abstract things; and myself as all earth, blood, humanity."<a href="#cite_note-tynan-interview-14">[12]</a> Olivier, a <a href="/wiki/Classical_acting" title="Classical acting">classically trained</a> actor, was known to have been distrustful of <a href="/wiki/Method_acting" title="Method acting">method acting</a>. In his memoir, <a href="/wiki/On_Acting" title="On Acting">On Acting</a>, he exhorts actors to "have <a href="/wiki/Stanislavski" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislavski">Stanislavski</a> with you in your study or in your limousine... but don't bring him onto the film set."<a href="#cite_note-326">[289]</a> During production of <a href="/wiki/The_Prince_and_the_Showgirl" title="The Prince and the Showgirl">The Prince and the Showgirl</a>, he quarrelled with <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a>, who was trained under <a href="/wiki/Lee_Strasberg" title="Lee Strasberg">Lee Strasberg</a>'s method, over her acting process.<a href="#cite_note-327">[290]</a> Similarly, an anecdote casts him as offering <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a>, enduring physical travails while playing in <a href="/wiki/Marathon_Man_(film)" title="Marathon Man (film)">Marathon Man</a>, a curt suggestion: "why don't you just try acting?"<a href="#cite_note-328">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[292]</a> Hoffman disputes the details of this account, which he claims was distorted by a journalist: he had been up all night at the <a href="/wiki/Studio_54" title="Studio 54">Studio 54</a> nightclub for personal rather than professional reasons and Olivier, who understood this, was joking.<a href="#cite_note-330">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[294]</a> Together with Richardson and Gielgud, Olivier was internationally recognised as one of the "great trinity of theatrical knights"<a href="#cite_note-strachan-332">[295]</a> who dominated the British stage during the middle and later decades of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-heilpern-333">[296]</a> In an obituary tribute in The Times, Bernard Levin wrote, "What we have lost with Laurence Olivier is glory. He reflected it in his greatest roles; indeed he walked clad in it—you could practically see it glowing around him like a nimbus. ... no one will ever play the roles he played as he played them; no one will replace the splendour that he gave his native land with his genius."<a href="#cite_note-levin-obit-times-334">[297]</a> Billington commented: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">[Olivier] elevated the art of acting in the twentieth century ... principally by the overwhelming force of his example. Like Garrick, Kean, and Irving before him, he lent glamour and excitement to acting so that, in any theatre in the world, an Olivier night raised the level of expectation and sent spectators out into the darkness a little more aware of themselves and having experienced a transcendent touch of ecstasy. That, in the end, was the true measure of his greatness.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a></blockquote> After Olivier's death, Gielgud reflected, "He followed in the theatrical tradition of Kean and Irving. He respected tradition in the theatre, but he also took great delight in breaking tradition, which is what made him so unique. He was gifted, brilliant, and one of the great controversial figures of our time in theatre, which is a virtue and not a vice at all."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007269-335">[298]</a> Olivier said in 1963 that he believed he was born to be an actor,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden19887-336">[299]</a> but his colleague <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> disagreed; he commented that although Olivier's great contemporaries were clearly predestined for the stage, "Larry could have been a notable ambassador, a considerable minister, a redoubtable cleric. At his worst, he would have acted the parts more ably than they are usually lived."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1978279-337">[300]</a> The director David Ayliff agreed that acting did not come instinctively to Olivier as it did to his great rivals. He observed, "Ralph was a natural actor, he couldn't stop being a perfect actor; Olivier did it through sheer hard work and determination."<a href="#cite_note-Ayliff_interview-338">[301]</a> The American actor <a href="/wiki/William_Redfield_(actor)" title="William Redfield (actor)">William Redfield</a> had a similar view: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Ironically enough, Laurence Olivier is less gifted than Marlon Brando. He is even less gifted than Richard Burton, Paul Scofield, Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud. But he is still the definitive actor of the twentieth century. Why? Because he wanted to be. His achievements are due to dedication, scholarship, practice, determination and courage. He is the bravest actor of our time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196891-339">[302]</a></blockquote> In comparing Olivier and the other leading actors of his generation, Ustinov wrote, "It is of course vain to talk of who is and who is not the greatest actor. There is simply no such thing as a greatest actor, or painter or composer".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1978200-340">[303]</a> Nonetheless, some colleagues, particularly film actors such as <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a>, came to regard Olivier as the finest of his peers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBacall2006214–215-341">[304]</a> Peter Hall, though acknowledging Olivier as the head of the theatrical profession,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1984xi-342">[305]</a> thought Richardson the greater actor.<a href="#cite_note-walker-249">[220]</a> Olivier's claim to theatrical greatness lay not only in his acting, but as, in Hall's words, "the supreme man of the theatre of our time",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1984ix-343">[306]</a> pioneering Britain's National Theatre.<a href="#cite_note-times-obit-241">[213]</a> As Bragg identified, "no one doubts that the National is perhaps his most enduring monument".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1989103-344">[307]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Awards" title="Laurence Olivier Awards">Laurence Olivier Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Academy_Award_nominees_and_winners" title="List of British Academy Award nominees and winners">List of British Academy Award nominees and winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_with_Academy_Award_nominations" title="List of actors with Academy Award nominations">List of actors with Academy Award nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_with_three_or_more_Academy_Award_nominations_in_acting_categories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of actors with three or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories">List of actors with three or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_with_two_or_more_Academy_Awards_in_acting_categories" title="List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories">List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes and references">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Gerard's father Henry Arnold Olivier (1826–1912) was a priest who had eight children, his other sons all achieving success in secular spheres: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Olivier,_1st_Baron_Olivier" title="Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier">Sydney</a> became <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Jamaica">Governor of Jamaica</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Arnould_Olivier" title="Herbert Arnould Olivier">Herbert</a> was a successful portrait painter, and Henry (1850–1935) had a military career, ending as a <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198811-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> In a biography of Olivier, <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Melvyn Bragg</a> observes that all three of the great theatrical trinity of the century—<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> and Olivier—went through deeply religious phases when young.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198934-12">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Olivier had not been especially popular until then, and noted in his diary at the time that he played "very well, to everyone's disgust".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker198415-19">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Olivier said that he was surprised and moved that his father, who until then he had thought did not care about him, had devoted considerable thought to his son's future.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198938-22">[19]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Olivier's biographers W. A. Darlington and Anthony Holden both suggest another reason: Fogerty's determination to recruit more male students, there being at the time only six boys to seventy girls enrolled at the school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington19681Holden198829-25">[21]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Gielgud and Olivier himself later considered that not being in the nearly two-year run of Journey's End<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaye19671533-40">[35]</a> helped Olivier's career. Gielgud wrote in the 1970s, "Olivier made his name in three plays that failed with the public—Beau Geste, The Circle of Chalk with <a href="/wiki/Anna_May_Wong" title="Anna May Wong">Anna May Wong</a>, and The Rats of Norway by Keith Winter. In all three plays he got superb notices personally, so that in a curious way it made his career to be in failures."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGielgud1979219-41">[36]</a> Olivier said much the same to Bragg in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198945-42">[37]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> A German-language version was also filmed, in which Olivier did not appear.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanitch198536-45">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> The £60 salary in 1930 was approximately £11,000 in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-RPI_convert-48">[41]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Esmond was predominantly lesbian; this was socially unacceptable in her lifetime, and was rarely mentioned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarber2013136Beckett200530-54">[46]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Their son, (Simon) Tarquin, was born in August 1936.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier199477-56">[47]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> The biographer Cole Lesley wrote that Coward "invented a dog called Roger, unseen but who was always on stage with them when he and Larry had a scene together. Roger belonged to Noel but was madly attracted by Larry, especially to his private parts both before and behind, to which he invisibly did unmentionable things in full sight of the audience. 'Down, Roger,' Noel would whisper, or, 'Not in front of the vicar!' until in the end, as though this time the dog really had gone much too far, a shocked 'Roger!' was quite enough".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELesley1976138-62">[52]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> $1,000 in 1931 was approximately $15,500 in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-CPI_convert-65">[54]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> The original casting applied from 18 October to 28 November 1935; the two leading men then switched roles for alternating periods of several weeks at a time during the run. For the last week, ending on 28 March 1936, Olivier was Mercutio and Gielgud Romeo.<a href="#cite_note-jg-plans-74">[62]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> The previous record was 161 performances, by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Irving" title="Henry Irving">Henry Irving</a> and Ellen Terry in 1882.<a href="#cite_note-jg-plans-74">[62]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Although most contemporary critics thought that Gielgud spoke the verse well and Olivier did not, Gielgud himself came to think they may have been wrong. He said in the 1980s, "He [Olivier] was much more natural than I in his speech, too natural I thought at the time, but now I think he was right and I was wrong and that it was time to say the lines the modern way. He was always so bold: and even if you disagreed, as I sometimes did, about his conception, you had to admire its execution, the energy and force with which he carried it through."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198960-77">[63]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Olivier had received £500–£600 a week for his recent film work; at the Old Vic his weekly wage was £20.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988114-82">[67]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Brown" title="Ivor Brown">Ivor Brown</a> called Gielgud's performance "tremendous ... the best Hamlet of [my] experience."<a href="#cite_note-ivor_hamlet-86">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Agate" title="James Agate">James Agate</a> wrote, "I have no hesitation whatsoever in saying that it is the high water-mark of English Shakespearean acting of our time."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroall2000129-87">[71]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Olivier never overtly acknowledged his affair with Ainley, although Ainley's letters to him are clear. Olivier's third wife, the actress <a href="/wiki/Joan_Plowright" title="Joan Plowright">Joan Plowright</a>, expressed surprise at hearing the possibility, but commented, "If he did, so what?"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006505-98">[81]</a> Later, there were also persistent rumours of an affair with the entertainer <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapua2003114_and_129-99">[82]</a> although Coleman considers them to be unsubstantiated;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006508–509-100">[83]</a> Plowright also dismisses the rumours.<a href="#cite_note-Spect:_Plowright-101">[84]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> $50,000 in 1939 is approximately $850,000 in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-CPI_convert-65">[54]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Donat" title="Robert Donat">Robert Donat</a> won the award that year for his performance in <a href="/wiki/Goodbye,_Mr._Chips_(1939_film)" title="Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939 film)">Goodbye, Mr. Chips</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oscar:_Wuthering-116">[97]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Korda acted both as a cover for British Intelligence in the US, and as part of an unofficial propaganda machine to sway the still-neutral Americans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006139–140Munn2007105-128">[108]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Almost everyone in theatrical circles called Olivier "Larry", but Richardson invariably addressed him as "Laurence". In contrast to this striking formality, Richardson addressed Gielgud as "Johnny".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199532-147">[126]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Sources generally refer to the two parts of Henry IV as a double bill, although as full-length plays they were given across two separate evenings.<a href="#cite_note-times-henry-iv-ad-154">[132]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> The film also won Oscars for Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design, and was nominated for awards for Best Actress (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Simmons" title="Jean Simmons">Jean Simmons</a> as Ophelia), Best Score and Olivier as Best Director.<a href="#cite_note-Oscar:_Hamlet-169">[146]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> Holden, noting that one of the failures was written and directed by Guthrie, comments that Olivier's willingness to stage it was an example of his magnanimous side.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988262-182">[158]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> Tynan wrote in The Observer, "As Lavinia, Vivien Leigh receives the news that she is about to be ravished on her husband's corpse with little more than the mild annoyance of one who would have preferred foam rubber".<a href="#cite_note-tynan-titus-210">[185]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> The other two Jeans were <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Tutin" title="Dorothy Tutin">Dorothy Tutin</a> at the Royal Court, and <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_McEwan" title="Geraldine McEwan">Geraldine McEwan</a> for part of the run at the Palace.<a href="#cite_note-times-entertainer-218">[192]</a> Plowright rejoined the cast when the production opened in New York in February 1958.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-entertainer-219">[193]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> In 1955 Richardson, advised by Gielgud, had turned down the role of Estragon in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hall_(director)" title="Peter Hall (director)">Peter Hall</a>'s premiere of the English-language version of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a> and later reproached himself for missing the chance to be in "the greatest play of my generation".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1995162–163-223">[196]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> Billington describes Olivier's attitude to Richardson and others as "most ungenerous".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> Because of this additional commitment, Olivier had to drop his plan to direct Coward's <a href="/wiki/Hay_Fever_(play)" title="Hay Fever (play)">Hay Fever</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoward1983566-251">[222]</a> The author took over the production with a cast, headed by Edith Evans, that Coward said could successfully have played the Albanian telephone directory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorley1974369-252">[223]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> With the exception of a walk-on role in a matinée performance of scenes from the play in 1926, with Thorndike as Portia.<a href="#cite_note-merchant-1926-263">[233]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> Olivier was also offered an honorary degree from <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, but was unable to receive it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2006photo_39,_facing_p._416-301">[270]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> For Richard III (1955) and Oh! What a Lovely War (1969).<a href="#cite_note-305">[273]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> For his appearances in screen versions of The Moon and Sixpence (1960), Long Day's Journey into Night (1973), Love Among the Ruins, Brideshead Revisited (1982) and King Lear (1984)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanitch1985188–189-231">[203]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> As Best Actor for Hamlet, Best Supporting Actor for Marathon Man and the <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil B. DeMille Award">Cecil B. DeMille Award</a> for lifetime achievement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanitch1985188–189-231">[203]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> The American film director <a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> said that Olivier's performance in the film Carrie was "the truest and best portrayal on film of an American by an Englishman".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden1988216-318">[283]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> Billington cites one of the best known instances of Olivier's physicality: "a sense of daring [which] showed itself, physically, in such feats as his famous headlong deathfall off a 12-foot-high platform in Coriolanus (Olivier was 52 at the time)."<a href="#cite_note-guardian-25-anniv-323">[287]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillington2004-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillington2004_1-13">n</a> <a href="#CITEREFBillington2004">Billington 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198812-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolden198812_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolden1988">Holden 1988</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198811-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolden198811_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolden1988">Holden 1988</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196813-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarlington196813_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarlington196813_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarlington1968">Darlington 1968</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20052-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett20052_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2005">Beckett 2005</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden198814-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolden198814_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolden1988">Holden 1988</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20056-8"><a 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href="#cite_ref-tynan-interview_14-4">e</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTynan1966" class="citation journal cs1">Tynan, Kenneth (Winter 1966). 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The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111113454/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/classicalmusic/3574714/The-last-great-movie-composer.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+last+great+movie+composer&rft.date=2002-03-16&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2Fclassicalmusic%2F3574714%2FThe-last-great-movie-composer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guard:_Henry-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Guard:_Henry_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Henry V: Mr. Olivier's New Film". The Manchester Guardian. 23 November 1944. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manchester+Guardian&rft.atitle=Henry+V%3A+Mr.+Olivier%27s+New+Film&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1944-11-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times:_Henry-142"><a href="#cite_ref-Times:_Henry_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Henry V". 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The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809143138/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/william-shakespeare/10782898/Shakespeare-Laurence-Olivier-as-Hamlet-original-1948-Telegraph-review.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2014. 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The Times. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Silent+falls+the+blazing+trumpet&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1989-07-12&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2007269-335"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMunn2007269_335-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMunn2007">Munn 2007</a>, p. 269. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden19887-336"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolden19887_336-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolden1988">Holden 1988</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1978279-337"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1978279_337-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUstinov1978">Ustinov 1978</a>, p. 279. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ayliff_interview-338"><a href="#cite_ref-Ayliff_interview_338-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sounds.bl.uk/related-content/TRANSCRIPTS/024T-C1142X000149-0100A0.pdf">"David Ayliff – interview transcript"</a> (PDF). Theatre Archive Project. British Library. 18 December 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140218230601/http://sounds.bl.uk/related-content/TRANSCRIPTS/024T-C1142X000149-0100A0.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theatre+Archive+Project&rft.atitle=David+Ayliff+%E2%80%93+interview+transcript&rft.date=2006-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsounds.bl.uk%2Frelated-content%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F024T-C1142X000149-0100A0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarlington196891-339"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarlington196891_339-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarlington1968">Darlington 1968</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1978200-340"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1978200_340-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUstinov1978">Ustinov 1978</a>, p. 200. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBacall2006214–215-341"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBacall2006214–215_341-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBacall2006">Bacall 2006</a>, pp. 214–215. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1984xi-342"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1984xi_342-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHall1984">Hall 1984</a>, p. xi. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1984ix-343"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1984ix_343-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHall1984">Hall 1984</a>, p. ix. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1989103-344"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1989103_344-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1989">Bragg 1989</a>, p. 103. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgate1946" class="citation book cs1">Agate, James (1946). The Contemporary Theatre, 1944 and 1945. London: Harrap. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1597751">1597751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Contemporary+Theatre%2C+1944+and+1945&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harrap&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1597751&rft.aulast=Agate&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacall2006" class="citation book cs1">Bacall, Lauren (2006) [2005]. By Myself and Then Some. London: Headline. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7553-1351-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7553-1351-8"><bdi>978-0-7553-1351-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+Myself+and+Then+Some&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Headline&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7553-1351-8&rft.aulast=Bacall&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Barker" title="Felix Barker">Barker, Felix</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/laurenceolivierc0000bark">Laurence Olivier: A Critical Study</a>. Speldhurst: Spellmount. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88254-926-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88254-926-2"><bdi>978-0-88254-926-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurence+Olivier%3A+A+Critical+Study&rft.place=Speldhurst&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-88254-926-2&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flaurenceolivierc0000bark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckett2005" class="citation book cs1">Beckett, Francis (2005). Olivier. London: Haus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904950-38-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904950-38-7"><bdi>978-1-904950-38-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olivier&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Haus&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-904950-38-7&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillington2004" class="citation journal cs1">Billington, Michael (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/38623">"Olivier, Laurence Kerr, Baron Olivier (1907–1989)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F38623">10.1093/ref:odnb/38623</a>. Retrieved 28 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.atitle=Olivier%2C+Laurence+Kerr%2C+Baron+Olivier+%281907%E2%80%931989%29&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F38623&rft.aulast=Billington&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F38623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"> (subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBragg1989" class="citation book cs1">Bragg, Melvyn (1989) [1984]. Laurence Olivier. London: Sceptre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-003863-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-003863-7"><bdi>978-0-14-003863-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurence+Olivier&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sceptre&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-14-003863-7&rft.aulast=Bragg&rft.aufirst=Melvyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapua2003" class="citation book cs1">Capua, Michelangelo (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uMdRckjUDvAC">Vivien Leigh: A Biography</a>. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8034-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8034-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-8034-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vivien+Leigh%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Jefferson&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8034-0&rft.aulast=Capua&rft.aufirst=Michelangelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuMdRckjUDvAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastle1972" class="citation book cs1">Castle, Charles (1972). Noël. London: W H Allen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-491-00534-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-491-00534-0"><bdi>978-0-491-00534-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No%C3%ABl&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W+H+Allen&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-491-00534-0&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2006" class="citation book cs1">Coleman, Terry (2006) [2005]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/olivierauthorise0000cole">Olivier: The Authorised Biography</a>. London: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-8080-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-8080-5"><bdi>978-0-7475-8080-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olivier%3A+The+Authorised+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7475-8080-5&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Folivierauthorise0000cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoward1983" class="citation book cs1">Coward, Noël (1983) [1982]. Payn, Graham; <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Morley" title="Sheridan Morley">Morley, Sheridan</a> (eds.). The Noël Coward Diaries (1941–1969). London: Methuen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-78142-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-78142-4"><bdi>978-0-297-78142-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+No%C3%ABl+Coward+Diaries+%281941%E2%80%931969%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-297-78142-4&rft.aulast=Coward&rft.aufirst=No%C3%ABl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroall2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Croall" title="Jonathan Croall">Croall, Jonathan</a> (2000). Gielgud – A Theatrical Life, 1904–2000. London: Methuen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-413-74560-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-413-74560-6"><bdi>978-0-413-74560-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gielgud+%E2%80%93+A+Theatrical+Life%2C+1904%E2%80%932000&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-413-74560-6&rft.aulast=Croall&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroall2013" class="citation book cs1">Croall, Jonathan, ed. (2013). Gielgoodies – The Wit and Wisdom and Gaffes of John Gielgud. London: Oberon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78319-007-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78319-007-2"><bdi>978-1-78319-007-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gielgoodies+%E2%80%93+The+Wit+and+Wisdom+and+Gaffes+of+John+Gielgud&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oberon+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78319-007-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarlington1968" class="citation book cs1">Darlington, W. A. (1968). Laurence Olivier. London: Morgan Grampian. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-249-43970-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-249-43970-0"><bdi>978-0-249-43970-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurence+Olivier&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Morgan+Grampian&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-249-43970-0&rft.aulast=Darlington&rft.aufirst=W.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2005" class="citation book cs1">Day, Barry (2005). Coward on Film: The Cinema of Noël Coward. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5358-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5358-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-5358-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coward+on+Film%3A+The+Cinema+of+No%C3%ABl+Coward&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5358-4&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenny1985" class="citation book cs1">Denny, Barbara (1985). Kings Bishop: The Lords Spiritual of London. London: Alderman Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-946619-16-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-946619-16-0"><bdi>978-0-946619-16-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kings+Bishop%3A+The+Lords+Spiritual+of+London&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Alderman+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-946619-16-0&rft.aulast=Denny&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlater1971" class="citation book cs1">Findlater, Richard (1971). The Player Kings. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-00304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-00304-5"><bdi>978-0-297-00304-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Player+Kings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-297-00304-5&rft.aulast=Findlater&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlater1981" class="citation book cs1">Findlater, Richard (1981). At the Royal Court: 25 years of the English Stage Company. Ambergate: Amber Lane Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/247511466">247511466</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+the+Royal+Court%3A+25+years+of+the+English+Stage+Company&rft.place=Ambergate&rft.pub=Amber+Lane+Press&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F247511466&rft.aulast=Findlater&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarber2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Garber" title="Marjorie Garber">Garber, Marjorie</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rlDILcjrzs8C">Bisexuality and the Eroticism of Everyday Life</a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-61284-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-61284-8"><bdi>978-1-136-61284-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bisexuality+and+the+Eroticism+of+Everyday+Life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-61284-8&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=Marjorie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrlDILcjrzs8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaye1967" class="citation book cs1">Gaye, Freda, ed. (1967). Who's Who in the Theatre (fourteenth ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5997224">5997224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+the+Theatre&rft.place=London&rft.edition=fourteenth&rft.pub=Sir+Isaac+Pitman+and+Sons&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5997224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGielgud1979" class="citation book cs1">Gielgud, John (1979). An Actor and His Time. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-283-98573-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-283-98573-7"><bdi>978-0-283-98573-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Actor+and+His+Time&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-283-98573-7&rft.aulast=Gielgud&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGielgud2004" class="citation book cs1">Gielgud, John (2004). Mangan, Richard (ed.). Gielgud's Letters. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-82989-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-82989-8"><bdi>978-0-297-82989-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gielgud%27s+Letters&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-297-82989-8&rft.aulast=Gielgud&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2009" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Susie (2009). Opera for Everybody. London: Faber and Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-22493-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-22493-7"><bdi>978-0-571-22493-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opera+for+Everybody&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-571-22493-7&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Susie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1984" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Peter (1984) [1983]. Peter Hall's Diaries. London: Hamish Hamilton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-11285-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-11285-4"><bdi>978-0-241-11285-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter+Hall%27s+Diaries&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hamish+Hamilton&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-241-11285-4&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobson1958" class="citation book cs1">Hobson, Harold (1958). Ralph Richardson. London: Rockliff. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3797774">3797774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ralph+Richardson&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Rockliff&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3797774&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden1988" class="citation book cs1">Holden, Anthony (1988). Olivier. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79089-1"><bdi>978-0-297-79089-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olivier&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-297-79089-1&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2007" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Russell (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8TPzAgAAQBAJ">The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Film</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-49530-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-49530-2"><bdi>978-1-107-49530-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Shakespeare+on+Film&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-107-49530-2&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8TPzAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2013" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Russell (2013). Gielgud, Olivier, Ashcroft, Dench: Great Shakespeareans. London: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-1544-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-1544-5"><bdi>978-1-4725-1544-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gielgud%2C+Olivier%2C+Ashcroft%2C+Dench%3A+Great+Shakespeareans&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4725-1544-5&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2004" class="citation journal cs1">Kennedy, Michael (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31797">"Walton, Sir William Turner (1902–1983)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31797">10.1093/ref:odnb/31797</a>. Retrieved 13 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.atitle=Walton%2C+Sir+William+Turner+%281902%E2%80%931983%29&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31797&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F31797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"> (subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiernan1981" class="citation book cs1">Kiernan, Thomas (1981). Olivier: The Life of Laurence Olivier. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-283-98671-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-283-98671-0"><bdi>978-0-283-98671-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olivier%3A+The+Life+of+Laurence+Olivier&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sidgwick+%26+Jackson&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-283-98671-0&rft.aulast=Kiernan&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorda1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Korda" title="Michael Korda">Korda, Michael</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/charmedlivesfami00kord#page/n3/mode/2up">Charmed Lives</a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-380-53017-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-380-53017-5"><bdi>978-0-380-53017-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charmed+Lives&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-380-53017-5&rft.aulast=Korda&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcharmedlivesfami00kord%23page%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLesley1976" class="citation book cs1">Lesley, Cole (1976). The Life of Noël Coward. London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-224-01288-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-224-01288-1"><bdi>978-0-224-01288-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+No%C3%ABl+Coward&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-224-01288-1&rft.aulast=Lesley&rft.aufirst=Cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1995" class="citation book cs1">Miller, John (1995). Ralph Richardson – The Authorized Biography. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-283-06237-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-283-06237-1"><bdi>0-283-06237-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ralph+Richardson+%E2%80%93+The+Authorized+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-283-06237-1&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorley1974" class="citation book cs1">Morley, Sheridan (1974) [1969]. A Talent to Amuse. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-003863-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-003863-7"><bdi>978-0-14-003863-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Talent+to+Amuse&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-14-003863-7&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=Sheridan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorley2001" class="citation book cs1">Morley, Sheridan (2001). John G—The Authorised Biography of John Gielgud. London: Hodder and Stoughton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-36803-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-36803-9"><bdi>978-0-340-36803-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+G%E2%80%94The+Authorised+Biography+of+John+Gielgud&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-340-36803-9&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=Sheridan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortimer1984" class="citation book cs1">Mortimer, John (1984) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/incharacter00john">In Character</a>. Harmondsworth: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-006389-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-006389-9"><bdi>978-0-14-006389-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Character&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-14-006389-9&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fincharacter00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunn2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Munn" title="Michael Munn">Munn, Michael</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-IrgcXteIMgC&pg=PP1">Lord Larry: The Secret Life of Laurence Olivier: a Personal and Intimate Portrait</a>. London: Robson Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-977-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-977-2"><bdi>978-1-86105-977-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Larry%3A+The+Secret+Life+of+Laurence+Olivier%3A+a+Personal+and+Intimate+Portrait&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Robson+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-86105-977-2&rft.aulast=Munn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-IrgcXteIMgC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeill2006" class="citation book cs1">Neill, Michael (2006). "Introduction". Othello, the Moor of Venice. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-156847-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-156847-3"><bdi>978-0-19-156847-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Othello%2C+the+Moor+of+Venice&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.series=The+Oxford+Shakespeare&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-156847-3&rft.aulast=Neill&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor1982" class="citation book cs1">O'Connor, Garry (1982). Ralph Richardson – An Actor's Life. London: Hodder and Stoughton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-27041-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-27041-7"><bdi>978-0-340-27041-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ralph+Richardson+%E2%80%93+An+Actor%27s+Life&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-340-27041-7&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Garry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivier1994" class="citation book cs1">Olivier, Laurence (1994) [1982]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/confessionsofactolivi00oliv">Confessions of an Actor</a>. New York: Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-006888-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-006888-7"><bdi>978-0-14-006888-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Confessions+of+an+Actor&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-14-006888-7&rft.aulast=Olivier&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconfessionsofactolivi00oliv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivier1986" class="citation book cs1">Olivier, Laurence (1986). On Acting. London: Weidenfeld. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-78864-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-78864-5"><bdi>978-0-297-78864-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Acting&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-297-78864-5&rft.aulast=Olivier&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivier1992" class="citation book cs1">Olivier, Tarquin (1992). My Father Laurence Olivier. London: Headline. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-747-20611-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-747-20611-8"><bdi>978-0-747-20611-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Father+Laurence+Olivier&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Headline&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-747-20611-8&rft.aulast=Olivier&rft.aufirst=Tarquin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Richards" title="Jeffrey Richards">Richards, Jeffrey</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6E-caLC4HZEC&pg=PP1">The Age of the Dream Palace: Cinema and Society in 1930s Britain</a>. London: I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-122-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-122-1"><bdi>978-1-84885-122-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+the+Dream+Palace%3A+Cinema+and+Society+in+1930s+Britain&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-122-1&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6E-caLC4HZEC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Richards" title="Jeffrey Richards">Richards, Jeffrey</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MA6uAgAAQBAJ">Visions of Yesterday</a>. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-92861-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-92861-4"><bdi>978-1-317-92861-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visions+of+Yesterday&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-92861-4&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMA6uAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShail2007" class="citation book cs1">Shail, Robert (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishfilmdirec0000shai">British Film Directors: A Critical Guide</a>. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-2833-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-2833-8"><bdi>978-0-8093-2833-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Film+Directors%3A+A+Critical+Guide&rft.place=Carbondale&rft.pub=Southern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8093-2833-8&rft.aulast=Shail&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritishfilmdirec0000shai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanitch1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Tanitch" title="Robert Tanitch">Tanitch, Robert</a> (1985). Olivier. London: Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5000-1363-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5000-1363-2"><bdi>978-0-5000-1363-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olivier&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-5000-1363-2&rft.aulast=Tanitch&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUstinov1978" class="citation book cs1">Ustinov, Peter (1978) [1977]. Dear Me. Harmondsworth: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-004940-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-004940-4"><bdi>978-0-14-004940-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dear+Me&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-14-004940-4&rft.aulast=Ustinov&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Olivier" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Olivier&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Laurence_Olivier" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laurenceolivier.com/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000059/">Laurence Olivier</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55245#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS032-001981095">Laurence Olivier Archive</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] at the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/144656%7C96060/wp">Laurence Olivier</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55245#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laurence_Olivier" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Laurence_Olivier" title="Template:Laurence Olivier"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Laurence_Olivier" title="Template talk:Laurence Olivier"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Laurence_Olivier" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Laurence Olivier"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laurence_Olivier" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Laurence_Olivier" title="List of awards and nominations received by Laurence Olivier">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_on_stage_and_screen" title="Laurence Olivier on stage and screen">Filmography and stage credits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films as director</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(1944_film)" title="Henry V (1944 film)">Henry V</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">Hamlet</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1955_film)" title="Richard III (1955 film)">Richard III</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince_and_the_Showgirl" title="The Prince and the Showgirl">The Prince and the Showgirl</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(1970_film)" title="Three Sisters (1970 film)">Three Sisters</a> (1970)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Productions" title="Laurence Olivier Productions">Laurence Olivier Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beggar%27s_Opera_(film)" title="The Beggar's Opera (film)">The Beggar's Opera</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(unfinished_film)" title="Macbeth (unfinished film)">Macbeth (unfinished film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Presents" title="Laurence Olivier Presents">Laurence Olivier Presents</a> (1976–1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_of_an_Actor" title="Confessions of an Actor">Confessions of an Actor</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Acting" title="On Acting">On Acting</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/My_Week_with_Marilyn" title="My Week with Marilyn">My Week with Marilyn</a> (2011 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Esmond" title="Jill Esmond">Jill Esmond</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Plowright" title="Joan Plowright">Joan Plowright</a> (third wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Awards" title="Laurence Olivier Awards">Laurence Olivier Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Laurence_Olivier" title="Category:Laurence Olivier">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Laurence_Olivier" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Laurence Olivier">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Laurence_Olivier" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Laurence_Olivier" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Laurence_Olivier" title="List of awards and nominations received by Laurence Olivier">Awards for Laurence Olivier</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Jannings" title="Emil Jannings">Emil Jannings</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Baxter" title="Warner Baxter">Warner Baxter</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Arliss" title="George Arliss">George Arliss</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Barrymore" title="Lionel Barrymore">Lionel Barrymore</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Beery" title="Wallace Beery">Wallace Beery</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_McLaglen" title="Victor McLaglen">Victor McLaglen</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Muni" title="Paul Muni">Paul Muni</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Donat" title="Robert Donat">Robert Donat</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lukas" title="Paul Lukas">Paul Lukas</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a> (1947)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Robertson" title="Cliff Robertson">Cliff Robertson</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a>1 (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a>1 (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Carney" title="Art Carney">Art Carney</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Murray_Abraham" title="F. Murray Abraham">F. Murray Abraham</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Brody" title="Adrien Brody">Adrien Brody</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Foxx" title="Jamie Foxx">Jamie Foxx</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Seymour_Hoffman" title="Philip Seymour Hoffman">Philip Seymour Hoffman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dujardin" title="Jean Dujardin">Jean Dujardin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_McConaughey" title="Matthew McConaughey">Matthew McConaughey</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Redmayne" title="Eddie Redmayne">Eddie Redmayne</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Oldman" title="Gary Oldman">Gary Oldman</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Malek" title="Rami Malek">Rami Malek</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Fraser" title="Brendan Fraser">Brendan Fraser</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cillian_Murphy" title="Cillian Murphy">Cillian Murphy</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><div>1 refused award that year</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template talk:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_March_of_Time" title="The March of Time">The March of Time</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Rosson" title="Harold Rosson">Harold Rosson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art_Department_of_Film" title="Museum of Modern Art Department of Film">Museum of Modern Art Film Library</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Ball_(inventor)" title="Joseph A. Ball (inventor)">J. Arthur Ball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Jennings" title="Gordon Jennings">Gordon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Domela" title="Jan Domela">Jan Domela</a>, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Smith, <a href="/wiki/Farciot_Edouart" title="Farciot Edouart">Farciot Edouart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyal_Griggs" title="Loyal Griggs">Loyal Griggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loren_L._Ryder" title="Loren L. Ryder">Loren L. Ryder</a>, Harry D. Mills, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mesenkop" title="Louis Mesenkop">Louis Mesenkop</a>, Walter Oberst / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_T._Marsh" title="Oliver T. Marsh">Oliver T. Marsh</a> and Allen Davey / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Harry Warner</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Menzies" title="William Cameron Menzies">William Cameron Menzies</a> / <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture & Television Fund">Motion Picture Relief Fund</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Block" title="Ralph Block">Ralph Block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Vantiva" title="Vantiva">Technicolor SA</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Levinson" title="Nathan Levinson">Nathan Levinson</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Garity" title="William Garity">William Garity</a>, John N. A. Hawkins, and the <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA Manufacturing Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> and his associates / Rey Scott / <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)">British Ministry of Information</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Brien" title="Margaret O'Brien">Margaret O'Brien</a> (1944)</li> <li>Republic Studio, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Bloomberg" title="Daniel J. Bloomberg">Daniel J. Bloomberg</a>, and the Republic Studio Sound Department / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_House_I_Live_In_(1945_film)" title="The House I Live In (1945 film)">The House I Live In</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ann_Garner" title="Peggy Ann Garner">Peggy Ann Garner</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Russell" title="Harold Russell">Harold Russell</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jarman_Jr." title="Claude Jarman Jr.">Claude Jarman Jr.</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baskett" title="James Baskett">James Baskett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Armat" title="Thomas Armat">Thomas Armat</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Selig" title="William Selig">William Nicholas Selig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Smith_(producer)" title="Albert E. Smith (producer)">Albert E. Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Kirke_Spoor" title="George Kirke Spoor">George Kirke Spoor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Coo" title="Bill and Coo">Bill and Coo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shoeshine_(film)" title="Shoeshine (film)">Shoeshine</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Vincent" title="Monsieur Vincent">Monsieur Vincent</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sid_Grauman" title="Sid Grauman">Sid Grauman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">The Bicycle Thief</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Walls_of_Malapaga" title="The Walls of Malapaga">The Walls of Malapaga</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rashomon" title="Rashomon">Rashomon</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a> / George Mitchell / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Schenck" title="Joseph M. Schenck">Joseph M. Schenck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century-Fox Film Corporation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bell_%26_Howell" title="Bell & Howell">Bell & Howell Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Breen" title="Joseph Breen">Joseph Breen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pete_Smith_(film_producer)" title="Pete Smith (film producer)">Pete Smith</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bausch_%26_Lomb" title="Bausch & Lomb">Bausch & Lomb Optical Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / Kemp Niver / <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jon_Whiteley" title="Jon Whiteley">Jon Whiteley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Winter" title="Vincent Winter">Vincent Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Hell_(film)" title="Gate of Hell (film)">Gate of Hell</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_I:_Musashi_Miyamoto" title="Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto">Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Broncho_Billy_Anderson" title="Broncho Billy Anderson">Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a> / <a href="/wiki/B._B._Kahane" title="B. B. Kahane">B. B. Kahane</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel">Stan Laurel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Mills" title="Hayley Mills">Hayley Mills</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Hendricks" title="William L. Hendricks">William L. Hendricks</a> / Fred L. Metzler / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Tuttle" title="William J. Tuttle">William J. Tuttle</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Y._Frank_Freeman" title="Y. Frank Freeman">Y. Frank Freeman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chambers_(make-up_artist)" title="John Chambers (make-up artist)">John Chambers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Onna_White" title="Onna White">Onna White</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1971)</li> <li>Charles S. Boren / <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Langlois" title="Henri Langlois">Henri Langlois</a> / <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Booth" title="Margaret Booth">Margaret Booth</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz" title="Walter Lantz">Walter Lantz</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art Department of Film</a> (1978)</li> <li>Hal Elias / <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_North" title="Alex North">Alex North</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman Kodak Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Donen" title="Stanley Donen">Stanley Donen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Blake Edwards</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Boyle" title="Robert F. Boyle">Robert F. Boyle</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Willis" title="Gordon Willis">Gordon Willis</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brownlow" title="Kevin Brownlow">Kevin Brownlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eli_Wallach" title="Eli Wallach">Eli Wallach</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(make-up_artist)" title="Dick Smith (make-up artist)">Dick Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Pennebaker" title="D. A. Pennebaker">D. A. Pennebaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hal_Needham" title="Hal Needham">Hal Needham</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens_Jr." title="George Stevens Jr.">George Stevens Jr.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Piero_Tosi" title="Piero Tosi">Piero Tosi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gena_Rowlands" title="Gena Rowlands">Gena Rowlands</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Stalmaster" title="Lynn Stalmaster">Lynn Stalmaster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wiseman" title="Frederick Wiseman">Frederick Wiseman</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Roizman" title="Owen Roizman">Owen Roizman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Levy_(publicist)" title="Marvin Levy (publicist)">Marvin Levy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lalo_Schifrin" title="Lalo Schifrin">Lalo Schifrin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wes_Studi" title="Wes Studi">Wes Studi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmüller</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elaine_May" title="Elaine May">Elaine May</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euzhan_Palcy" title="Euzhan Palcy">Euzhan Palcy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Littleton" title="Carol Littleton">Carol Littleton</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Taylor" title="Juliet Taylor">Juliet Taylor</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1952–1967</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_More" title="Kenneth More">Kenneth More</a> (1954)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Howard" title="Trevor Howard">Trevor Howard</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_P%C3%A9rier" title="François Périer">François Périer</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1968–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Matthau" title="Walter Matthau">Walter Matthau</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haing_S._Ngor" title="Haing S. Ngor">Haing S. Ngor</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoskins" title="Bob Hoskins">Bob Hoskins</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Noiret" title="Philippe Noiret">Philippe Noiret</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grant" title="Hugh Grant">Hugh Grant</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hawthorne" title="Nigel Hawthorne">Nigel Hawthorne</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carlyle" title="Robert Carlyle">Robert Carlyle</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Bell" title="Jamie Bell">Jamie Bell</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Foxx" title="Jamie Foxx">Jamie Foxx</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Seymour_Hoffman" title="Philip Seymour Hoffman">Philip Seymour Hoffman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rourke" title="Mickey Rourke">Mickey Rourke</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dujardin" title="Jean Dujardin">Jean Dujardin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiwetel_Ejiofor" title="Chiwetel Ejiofor">Chiwetel Ejiofor</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Redmayne" title="Eddie Redmayne">Eddie Redmayne</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Oldman" title="Gary Oldman">Gary Oldman</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Malek" title="Rami Malek">Rami Malek</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Butler" title="Austin Butler">Austin Butler</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cillian_Murphy" title="Cillian Murphy">Cillian Murphy</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1968–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1968)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Welland" title="Colin Welland">Colin Welland</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fox_(actor)" title="Edward Fox (actor)">Edward Fox</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnson_(actor)" title="Ben Johnson (actor)">Ben Johnson</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lowe" title="Arthur Lowe">Arthur Lowe</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Dourif" title="Brad Dourif">Brad Dourif</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fox_(actor)" title="Edward Fox (actor)">Edward Fox</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denholm_Elliott" title="Denholm Elliott">Denholm Elliott</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denholm_Elliott" title="Denholm Elliott">Denholm Elliott</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denholm_Elliott" title="Denholm Elliott">Denholm Elliott</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_McAnally" title="Ray McAnally">Ray McAnally</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auteuil" title="Daniel Auteuil">Daniel Auteuil</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_McAnally" title="Ray McAnally">Ray McAnally</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Cascio" title="Salvatore Cascio">Salvatore Cascio</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman">Alan Rickman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Roth" title="Tim Roth">Tim Roth</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wilkinson" title="Tom Wilkinson">Tom Wilkinson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_Law" title="Jude Law">Jude Law</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benicio_del_Toro" title="Benicio del Toro">Benicio del Toro</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Broadbent" title="Jim Broadbent">Jim Broadbent</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Walken" title="Christopher Walken">Christopher Walken</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nighy" title="Bill Nighy">Bill Nighy</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Owen" title="Clive Owen">Clive Owen</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Gyllenhaal" title="Jake Gyllenhaal">Jake Gyllenhaal</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Arkin" title="Alan Arkin">Alan Arkin</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Bardem" title="Javier Bardem">Javier Bardem</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_Ledger" title="Heath Ledger">Heath Ledger</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Waltz" title="Christoph Waltz">Christoph Waltz</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Waltz" title="Christoph Waltz">Christoph Waltz</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkhad_Abdi" title="Barkhad Abdi">Barkhad Abdi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._K._Simmons" title="J. K. Simmons">J. K. Simmons</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev_Patel" title="Dev Patel">Dev Patel</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rockwell" title="Sam Rockwell">Sam Rockwell</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahershala_Ali" title="Mahershala Ali">Mahershala Ali</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kaluuya" title="Daniel Kaluuya">Daniel Kaluuya</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Kotsur" title="Troy Kotsur">Troy Kotsur</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Keoghan" title="Barry Keoghan">Barry Keoghan</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Fellowship_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Template:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Template talk:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Fellowship_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Fellowship" title="BAFTA Fellowship">BAFTA Fellowship Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1971–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Young" title="Freddie Young">Freddie Young</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Wyndham_Goldie" title="Grace Wyndham Goldie">Grace Wyndham Goldie</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Forman" title="Denis Forman">Denis Forman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Grade" title="Lew Grade">Lew Grade</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huw_Wheldon" title="Huw Wheldon">Huw Wheldon</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Abel Gance</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell" title="Michael Powell">Michael Powell</a> & <a href="/wiki/Emeric_Pressburger" title="Emeric Pressburger">Emeric Pressburger</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Greene" title="Hugh Greene">Hugh Greene</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Isaacs" title="Jeremy Isaacs">Jeremy Isaacs</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fox_(television_executive)" title="Paul Fox (television executive)">Paul Fox</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Plowright" title="David Plowright">David Plowright</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Samuelson" title="Sydney Samuelson">Sydney Samuelson</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Young_(film_educator)" title="Colin Young (film educator)">Colin Young</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Grade" title="Michael Grade">Michael Grade</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Neame" title="Ronald Neame">Ronald Neame</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Bochco" title="Steven Bochco">Steven Bochco</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Morris" title="Oswald Morris">Oswald Morris</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(songwriter)" title="David Rose (songwriter)">David Rose</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cotton" title="Bill Cotton">Bill Cotton</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Morecambe" title="Eric Morecambe">Eric Morecambe</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Wise" title="Ernie Wise">Ernie Wise</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bazalgette" title="Peter Bazalgette">Peter Bazalgette</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thaw" title="John Thaw">John Thaw</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Ivory_Productions" title="Merchant Ivory Productions">Merchant Ivory Productions</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Davies_(writer)" title="Andrew Davies (writer)">Andrew Davies</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mills" title="John Mills">John Mills</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jason" title="David Jason">David Jason</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Graef" title="Roger Graef">Roger Graef</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Ken Loach</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtis" title="Richard Curtis">Richard Curtis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Wright_(game_designer)" title="Will Wright (game designer)">Will Wright</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Forsyth" title="Bruce Forsyth">Bruce Forsyth</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_French" title="Dawn French">Dawn French</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Saunders" title="Jennifer Saunders">Jennifer Saunders</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell" title="Nolan Bushnell">Nolan Bushnell</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Melvyn Bragg</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Molyneux" title="Peter Molyneux">Peter Molyneux</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_McDonald" title="Trevor McDonald">Trevor McDonald</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2012)</li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Harris" title="Rolf Harris">Rolf Harris</a></s> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabe_Newell" title="Gabe Newell">Gabe Newell</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Braben" title="David Braben">David Braben</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Snow_(journalist)" title="Jon Snow (journalist)">Jon Snow</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Galton" title="Ray Galton">Ray Galton</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alan_Simpson_(scriptwriter)" title="Alan Simpson (scriptwriter)">Alan Simpson</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Lumley" title="Joanna Lumley">Joanna Lumley</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Schafer" title="Tim Schafer">Tim Schafer</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Adie" title="Kate Adie">Kate Adie</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelma_Schoonmaker" title="Thelma Schoonmaker">Thelma Schoonmaker</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Bakewell" title="Joan Bakewell">Joan Bakewell</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideo_Kojima" title="Hideo Kojima">Hideo Kojima</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_Reddy" title="Siobhan Reddy">Siobhan Reddy</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)" title="Sandy Powell (costume designer)">Sandy Powell</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuhei_Yoshida" title="Shuhei Yoshida">Shuhei Yoshida</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meera_Syal" title="Meera Syal">Meera Syal</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Morton" title="Samantha Morton">Samantha Morton</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floella_Benjamin" title="Floella Benjamin">Floella Benjamin</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BFI_Fellowship_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="Template:British Film Institute Fellowship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="Template talk:British Film Institute Fellowship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Film Institute Fellowship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BFI_Fellowship_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="British Film Institute Fellowship">BFI Fellowship recipients</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell" title="Michael Powell">Michael Powell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emeric_Pressburger" title="Emeric Pressburger">Emeric Pressburger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Bernstein,_Baron_Bernstein" title="Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein">Sidney Bernstein</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knatchbull,_7th_Baron_Brabourne" title="John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne">John Brabourne</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Isaacs" title="Jeremy Isaacs">Jeremy Isaacs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dilys_Powell" title="Dilys Powell">Dilys Powell</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elem_Klimov" title="Elem Klimov">Elem Klimov</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Smith_(producer)" title="Anthony Smith (producer)">Anthony Smith</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Francis_(film_archivist)" title="David Francis (film archivist)">David Francis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jarman" title="Derek Jarman">Derek Jarman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieślowski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Hardcastle" title="Leslie Hardcastle">Leslie Hardcastle</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Denis_Forman" title="Denis Forman">Denis Forman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Roeg" title="Nicolas Roeg">Nicolas Roeg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Simmons" title="Jean Simmons">Jean Simmons</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mills" title="John Mills">John Mills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Ken Loach</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parkinson" title="Michael Parkinson">Michael Parkinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynda_La_Plante" title="Lynda La Plante">Lynda La Plante</a> / <a href="/wiki/Verity_Lambert" title="Verity Lambert">Verity Lambert</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Samuelson" title="Sydney Samuelson">Sydney Samuelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Schoonmaker" title="Thelma Schoonmaker">Thelma Schoonmaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_Yentob" title="Alan Yentob">Alan Yentob</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Thomas" title="Jeremy Thomas">Jeremy Thomas</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Getty_Jr." title="John Paul Getty Jr.">John Paul Getty Jr.</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gilbert" title="Lewis Gilbert">Lewis Gilbert</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Weinstein" title="Bob Weinstein">Bob Weinstein</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Kiarostami" title="Abbas Kiarostami">Abbas Kiarostami</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Semb%C3%A8ne" title="Ousmane Sembène">Ousmane Sembène</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Davies" title="Terence Davies">Terence Davies</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souleymane_Ciss%C3%A9_(film_director)" title="Souleymane Cissé (film director)">Souleymane Cissé</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(producer)" title="David Rose (producer)">David Rose</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert" title="Isabelle Huppert">Isabelle Huppert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Forbes" title="Bryan Forbes">Bryan Forbes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Helena_Bonham_Carter" title="Helena Bonham Carter">Helena Bonham Carter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lester" title="Richard Lester">Richard Lester</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_French" title="Philip French">Philip French</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Frears" title="Stephen Frears">Stephen Frears</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grant" title="Hugh Grant">Hugh Grant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Greg_Dyke" title="Greg Dyke">Greg Dyke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen_(director)" title="Steve McQueen (director)">Steve McQueen</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Morgan" title="Peter Morgan">Peter Morgan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengrass" title="Paul Greengrass">Paul Greengrass</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Colman" title="Olivia Colman">Olivia Colman</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Nevill" title="Amanda Nevill">Amanda Nevill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tilda_Swinton" title="Tilda Swinton">Tilda Swinton</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_G._Wilson" title="Michael G. Wilson">Michael G. Wilson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Broccoli" title="Barbara Broccoli">Barbara Broccoli</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Template:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Template talk:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award">Cecil B. DeMille Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_LeRoy" title="Mervyn LeRoy">Mervyn LeRoy</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Adler" title="Buddy Adler">Buddy Adler</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Levine" title="Joseph E. Levine">Joseph E. Levine</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_B._Wallis" title="Hal B. Wallis">Hal B. Wallis</a> (1974)</li> <li>No Award (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1981)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (2006)</li> <li>No Award (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (2020)</li> <li>No Award (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (2022)</li> <li>No Award (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="David_di_Donatello_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DDBF5F"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" title="Template:David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" title="Template talk:David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="David_di_Donatello_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" title="David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor">David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDBF5F;width:1%">1957–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perkins" title="Anthony Perkins">Anthony Perkins</a> / <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_O%27Neal" title="Ryan O'Neal">Ryan O'Neal</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Topol" title="Chaim Topol">Chaim Topol</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Montand" title="Yves Montand">Yves Montand</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Matthau" title="Walter Matthau">Walter Matthau</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDBF5F;width:1%">1976–1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Noiret" title="Philippe Noiret">Philippe Noiret</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gere" title="Richard Gere">Richard Gere</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Serrault" title="Michel Serrault">Michel Serrault</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Maria_Brandauer" title="Klaus Maria Brandauer">Klaus Maria Brandauer</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hulce" title="Tom Hulce">Tom Hulce</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_Gordon" title="Dexter Gordon">Dexter Gordon</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Noiret" title="Philippe Noiret">Philippe Noiret</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turturro" title="John Turturro">John Turturro</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auteuil" title="Daniel Auteuil">Daniel Auteuil</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Keitel" title="Harvey Keitel">Harvey Keitel</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Movie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F9EFAA;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EmmyAward_MiniseriesLeadActor" title="Template:EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EmmyAward_MiniseriesLeadActor" title="Template talk:EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EmmyAward_MiniseriesLeadActor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Movie" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Movie" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie">Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1953–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_(actor)" title="Thomas Mitchell (actor)">Thomas Mitchell</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cummings" title="Robert Cummings">Robert Cummings</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Nolan" title="Lloyd Nolan">Lloyd Nolan</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Palance" title="Jack Palance">Jack Palance</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1959)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Falk" title="Peter Falk">Peter Falk</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Howard" title="Trevor Howard">Trevor Howard</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Klugman" title="Jack Klugman">Jack Klugman</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Robertson" title="Cliff Robertson">Cliff Robertson</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Douglas" title="Melvyn Douglas">Melvyn Douglas</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Michell" title="Keith Michell">Keith Michell</a> (1972)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Murphy_(artist)" title="Anthony Murphy (artist)">Anthony Murphy</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Holbrook" title="Hal Holbrook">Hal Holbrook</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a> (1974)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Falk" title="Peter Falk">Peter Falk</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Holbrook" title="Hal Holbrook">Hal Holbrook</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Flanders" title="Ed Flanders">Ed Flanders</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moriarty" title="Michael Moriarty">Michael Moriarty</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Strauss" title="Peter Strauss">Peter Strauss</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powers_Boothe" title="Powers Boothe">Powers Boothe</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a> (1983)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crenna" title="Richard Crenna">Richard Crenna</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Bridges" title="Beau Bridges">Beau Bridges</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morse" title="Robert Morse">Robert Morse</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Julia" title="Raul Julia">Raul Julia</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman">Alan Rickman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Assante" title="Armand Assante">Armand Assante</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Sinise" title="Gary Sinise">Gary Sinise</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Tucci" title="Stanley Tucci">Stanley Tucci</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Macy" title="William H. Macy">William H. Macy</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Braugher" title="Andre Braugher">Andre Braugher</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giamatti" title="Paul Giamatti">Paul Giamatti</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Gleeson" title="Brendan Gleeson">Brendan Gleeson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Pepper" title="Barry Pepper">Barry Pepper</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Jenkins" title="Richard Jenkins">Richard Jenkins</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtney_B._Vance" title="Courtney B. Vance">Courtney B. Vance</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riz_Ahmed" title="Riz Ahmed">Riz Ahmed</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Criss" title="Darren Criss">Darren Criss</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharrel_Jerome" title="Jharrel Jerome">Jharrel Jerome</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ruffalo" title="Mark Ruffalo">Mark Ruffalo</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Yeun" title="Steven Yeun">Steven Yeun</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gadd" title="Richard Gadd">Richard Gadd</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Movie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F9EFAA;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EmmyAward_MiniseriesSupportingActor" title="Template:EmmyAward MiniseriesSupportingActor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EmmyAward_MiniseriesSupportingActor" title="Template talk:EmmyAward MiniseriesSupportingActor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EmmyAward_MiniseriesSupportingActor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EmmyAward MiniseriesSupportingActor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Movie" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Movie" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie">Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quayle" title="Anthony Quayle">Anthony Quayle</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Flanders" title="Ed Flanders">Ed Flanders</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_da_Silva" title="Howard da Silva">Howard da Silva</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grizzard" title="George Grizzard">George Grizzard</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Warner_(actor)" title="David Warner (actor)">David Warner</a> (1981)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kiley" title="Richard Kiley">Richard Kiley</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Carney" title="Art Carney">Art Carney</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Malden" title="Karl Malden">Karl Malden</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Malkovich" title="John Malkovich">John Malkovich</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabney_Coleman" title="Dabney Coleman">Dabney Coleman</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shea" title="John Shea">John Shea</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Gardenia" title="Vincent Gardenia">Vincent Gardenia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Bridges" title="Beau Bridges">Beau Bridges</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Goorjian" title="Michael A. Goorjian">Michael A. Goorjian</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hulce" title="Tom Hulce">Tom Hulce</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Bridges" title="Beau Bridges">Beau Bridges</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Azaria" title="Hank Azaria">Hank Azaria</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cox_(actor)" title="Brian Cox (actor)">Brian Cox</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moriarty" title="Michael Moriarty">Michael Moriarty</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Gazzara" title="Ben Gazzara">Ben Gazzara</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Wright" title="Jeffrey Wright">Jeffrey Wright</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Haden_Church" title="Thomas Haden Church">Thomas Haden Church</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wilkinson" title="Tom Wilkinson">Tom Wilkinson</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Howard" title="Ken Howard">Ken Howard</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Strathairn" title="David Strathairn">David Strathairn</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Pearce" title="Guy Pearce">Guy Pearce</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Berenger" title="Tom Berenger">Tom Berenger</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cromwell" title="James Cromwell">James Cromwell</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Freeman" title="Martin Freeman">Martin Freeman</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_K._Brown" title="Sterling K. Brown">Sterling K. Brown</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Skarsg%C3%A5rd" title="Alexander Skarsgård">Alexander Skarsgård</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Daniels" title="Jeff Daniels">Jeff Daniels</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Whishaw" title="Ben Whishaw">Ben Whishaw</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Abdul-Mateen_II" title="Yahya Abdul-Mateen II">Yahya Abdul-Mateen II</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Peters" title="Evan Peters">Evan Peters</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bartlett" title="Murray Bartlett">Murray Bartlett</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Walter_Hauser" title="Paul Walter Hauser">Paul Walter Hauser</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamorne_Morris" title="Lamorne Morris">Lamorne Morris</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template:Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template talk:Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor">Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1956)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Porter" title="Eric Porter">Eric Porter</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol_Williamson" title="Nicol Williamson">Nicol Williamson</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1966)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_McCowen" title="Alec McCowen">Alec McCowen</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol_Williamson" title="Nicol Williamson">Nicol Williamson</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bates" title="Alan Bates">Alan Bates</a> (1971)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_McCowen" title="Alec McCowen">Alec McCowen</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(English_actor)" title="John Wood (English actor)">John Wood</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Sinden" title="Donald Sinden">Donald Sinden</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Mitchell" title="Warren Mitchell">Warren Mitchell</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_McCowen" title="Alec McCowen">Alec McCowen</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Sher" title="Antony Sher">Antony Sher</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Porter" title="Eric Porter">Eric Porter</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(English_actor)" title="John Wood (English actor)">John Wood</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hawthorne" title="Nigel Hawthorne">Nigel Hawthorne</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dillane" title="Stephen Dillane">Stephen Dillane</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jennings" title="Alex Jennings">Alex Jennings</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sheen" title="Michael Sheen">Michael Sheen</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Griffiths" title="Richard Griffiths">Richard Griffiths</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Sewell" title="Rufus Sewell">Rufus Sewell</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart" title="Patrick Stewart">Patrick Stewart</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiwetel_Ejiofor" title="Chiwetel Ejiofor">Chiwetel Ejiofor</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Kinnear" title="Rory Kinnear">Rory Kinnear</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonny_Lee_Miller" title="Jonny Lee Miller">Jonny Lee Miller</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Lester" title="Adrian Lester">Adrian Lester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rory_Kinnear" title="Rory Kinnear">Rory Kinnear</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hiddleston" title="Tom Hiddleston">Tom Hiddleston</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McAvoy" title="James McAvoy">James McAvoy</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garfield" title="Andrew Garfield">Andrew Garfield</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scott_(actor)" title="Andrew Scott (actor)">Andrew Scott</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McAvoy" title="James McAvoy">James McAvoy</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scott_(actor)" title="Andrew Scott (actor)">Andrew Scott</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_Society_of_Lincoln_Center_Gala_Tribute_Honorees" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lincoln_Center_Gala_Tribute" title="Template:Lincoln Center Gala Tribute"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lincoln_Center_Gala_Tribute" title="Template talk:Lincoln Center Gala Tribute"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lincoln_Center_Gala_Tribute" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lincoln Center Gala Tribute"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_Society_of_Lincoln_Center_Gala_Tribute_Honorees" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film_Society_of_Lincoln_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Film Society of Lincoln Center"> Film Society of Lincoln Center Gala Tribute Honorees</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1982)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colbert" title="Claudette Colbert">Claudette Colbert</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1986) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Montand" title="Yves Montand">Yves Montand</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Sarandon" title="Susan Sarandon">Susan Sarandon</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (2005) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Lange" title="Jessica Lange">Jessica Lange</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2010) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (2011) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Reiner" title="Rob Reiner">Rob Reiner</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Drama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actor_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actor_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actor_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Drama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama">Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1943–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lukas" title="Paul Lukas">Paul Lukas</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Knox" title="Alexander Knox">Alexander Knox</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a> (1947)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Franciosa" title="Anthony Franciosa">Anthony Franciosa</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Murray_Abraham" title="F. Murray Abraham">F. Murray Abraham</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoskins" title="Bob Hoskins">Bob Hoskins</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Nolte" title="Nick Nolte">Nick Nolte</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fonda" title="Peter Fonda">Peter Fonda</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carrey" title="Jim Carrey">Jim Carrey</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Seymour_Hoffman" title="Philip Seymour Hoffman">Philip Seymour Hoffman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rourke" title="Mickey Rourke">Mickey Rourke</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_McConaughey" title="Matthew McConaughey">Matthew McConaughey</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Redmayne" title="Eddie Redmayne">Eddie Redmayne</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Oldman" title="Gary Oldman">Gary Oldman</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Malek" title="Rami Malek">Rami Malek</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwick_Boseman" title="Chadwick Boseman">Chadwick Boseman</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Butler" title="Austin Butler">Austin Butler</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cillian_Murphy" title="Cillian Murphy">Cillian Murphy</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor_–_Motion_Picture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Supporting_Actor_Motion_Picture" title="Template:Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Supporting_Actor_Motion_Picture" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Supporting_Actor_Motion_Picture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor_–_Motion_Picture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture">Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1943–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akim_Tamiroff" title="Akim Tamiroff">Akim Tamiroff</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Fitzgerald" title="Barry Fitzgerald">Barry Fitzgerald</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Carrol_Naish" title="J. Carrol Naish">J. Carrol Naish</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Webb" title="Clifton Webb">Clifton Webb</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gwenn" title="Edmund Gwenn">Edmund Gwenn</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Huston" title="Walter Huston">Walter Huston</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gwenn" title="Edmund Gwenn">Edmund Gwenn</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Mitchell" title="Millard Mitchell">Millard Mitchell</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_O%27Brien" title="Edmond O'Brien">Edmond O'Brien</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kennedy" title="Arthur Kennedy">Arthur Kennedy</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Holliman" title="Earl Holliman">Earl Holliman</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Buttons" title="Red Buttons">Red Buttons</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burl_Ives" title="Burl Ives">Burl Ives</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Boyd" title="Stephen Boyd">Stephen Boyd</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_Mineo" title="Sal Mineo">Sal Mineo</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Chakiris" title="George Chakiris">George Chakiris</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_O%27Brien" title="Edmond O'Brien">Edmond O'Brien</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Werner" title="Oskar Werner">Oskar Werner</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Massey_(actor)" title="Daniel Massey (actor)">Daniel Massey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_Young" title="Gig Young">Gig Young</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mills" title="John Mills">John Mills</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnson_(actor)" title="Ben Johnson (actor)">Ben Johnson</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Grey" title="Joel Grey">Joel Grey</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Houseman" title="John Houseman">John Houseman</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Benjamin" title="Richard Benjamin">Richard Benjamin</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Firth" title="Peter Firth">Peter Firth</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Douglas" title="Melvyn Douglas">Melvyn Douglas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Hutton" title="Timothy Hutton">Timothy Hutton</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gossett_Jr." title="Louis Gossett Jr.">Louis Gossett Jr.</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haing_S._Ngor" title="Haing S. Ngor">Haing S. Ngor</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Maria_Brandauer" title="Klaus Maria Brandauer">Klaus Maria Brandauer</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Berenger" title="Tom Berenger">Tom Berenger</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Landau" title="Martin Landau">Martin Landau</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Davison" title="Bruce Davison">Bruce Davison</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Palance" title="Jack Palance">Jack Palance</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Landau" title="Martin Landau">Martin Landau</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Norton" title="Edward Norton">Edward Norton</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Harris" title="Ed Harris">Ed Harris</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benicio_del_Toro" title="Benicio del Toro">Benicio del Toro</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Broadbent" title="Jim Broadbent">Jim Broadbent</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cooper" title="Chris Cooper">Chris Cooper</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Robbins" title="Tim Robbins">Tim Robbins</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Owen" title="Clive Owen">Clive Owen</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Bardem" title="Javier Bardem">Javier Bardem</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_Ledger" title="Heath Ledger">Heath Ledger</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Waltz" title="Christoph Waltz">Christoph Waltz</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Bale" title="Christian Bale">Christian Bale</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Waltz" title="Christoph Waltz">Christoph Waltz</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Leto" title="Jared Leto">Jared Leto</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._K._Simmons" title="J. K. Simmons">J. K. Simmons</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Taylor-Johnson" title="Aaron Taylor-Johnson">Aaron Taylor-Johnson</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rockwell" title="Sam Rockwell">Sam Rockwell</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahershala_Ali" title="Mahershala Ali">Mahershala Ali</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kaluuya" title="Daniel Kaluuya">Daniel Kaluuya</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodi_Smit-McPhee" title="Kodi Smit-McPhee">Kodi Smit-McPhee</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke_Huy_Quan" title="Ke Huy Quan">Ke Huy Quan</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actor" title="Template:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actor" title="Template talk:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actor" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor">Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klinton_Spilsbury" title="Klinton Spilsbury">Klinton Spilsbury</a> (1981)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Atkins" title="Christopher Atkins">Christopher Atkins</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dice_Clay" title="Andrew Dice Clay">Andrew Dice Clay</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a>(1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauly_Shore" title="Pauly Shore">Pauly Shore</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Arnold_(actor)" title="Tom Arnold (actor)">Tom Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pauly_Shore" title="Pauly Shore">Pauly Shore</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Willis" title="Bruce Willis">Bruce Willis</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Green" title="Tom Green">Tom Green</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> / <a href="/wiki/Breckin_Meyer" title="Breckin Meyer">Breckin Meyer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Schneider" title="Rob Schneider">Rob Schneider</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Wayans" title="Marlon Wayans">Marlon Wayans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Wayans" title="Shawn Wayans">Shawn Wayans</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Myers" title="Mike Myers">Mike Myers</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Brothers" title="Jonas Brothers">Jonas Brothers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joe_Jonas" title="Joe Jonas">Joe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Jonas" title="Kevin Jonas">Kevin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nick_Jonas" title="Nick Jonas">Nick</a>, 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashton_Kutcher" title="Ashton Kutcher">Ashton Kutcher</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaden_Smith" title="Jaden Smith">Jaden Smith</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Cameron" title="Kirk Cameron">Kirk Cameron</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Dornan" title="Jamie Dornan">Jamie Dornan</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">Dinesh D'Souza</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lindell" title="Mike Lindell">Mike Lindell</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeBron_James" title="LeBron James">LeBron James</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Leto" title="Jared Leto">Jared Leto</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actor" title="Template:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actor" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor">Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adames" class="mw-redirect" title="John Adames">John Adames</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gloria_(1980_film)" title="Gloria (1980 film)">Gloria</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer_(1980_film)" title="The Jazz Singer (1980 film)">The Jazz Singer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Forrest_(actor)" title="Steve Forrest (actor)">Steve Forrest</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mommie_Dearest_(film)" title="Mommie Dearest (film)">Mommie Dearest</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_McMahon" title="Ed McMahon">Ed McMahon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Butterfly_(1982_film)" title="Butterfly (1982 film)">Butterfly</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nabors" title="Jim Nabors">Jim Nabors</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stroker_Ace" title="Stroker Ace">Stroker Ace</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Shields" title="Brooke Shields">Brooke Shields</a> (in a mustache) – <a href="/wiki/Sahara_(1983_film)" title="Sahara (1983 film)">Sahara</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Lowe" title="Rob Lowe">Rob Lowe</a> – <a href="/wiki/St._Elmo%27s_Fire_(film)" title="St. Elmo's Fire (film)">St. Elmo's Fire</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Benton" title="Jerome Benton">Jerome Benton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Under_the_Cherry_Moon" title="Under the Cherry Moon">Under the Cherry Moon</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mendenhall" title="David Mendenhall">David Mendenhall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Over_the_Top_(1987_film)" title="Over the Top (1987 film)">Over the Top</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Aykroyd" title="Dan Aykroyd">Dan Aykroyd</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caddyshack_II" title="Caddyshack II">Caddyshack II</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Atkins" title="Christopher Atkins">Christopher Atkins</a> – <a href="/wiki/Listen_to_Me_(film)" title="Listen to Me (film)">Listen to Me</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ghosts_Can%27t_Do_It" title="Ghosts Can't Do It">Ghosts Can't Do It</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Aykroyd" title="Dan Aykroyd">Dan Aykroyd</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nothing_but_Trouble_(1991_film)" title="Nothing but Trouble (1991 film)">Nothing but Trouble</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Selleck" title="Tom Selleck">Tom Selleck</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus:_The_Discovery" title="Christopher Columbus: The Discovery">Christopher Columbus: The Discovery</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Harrelson" title="Woody Harrelson">Woody Harrelson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indecent_Proposal" title="Indecent Proposal">Indecent Proposal</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._J._Simpson" title="O. J. Simpson">O. J. Simpson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Naked_Gun_33_1/3:_The_Final_Insult" title="Naked Gun 33 1/3: The Final Insult">Naked Gun 33+1⁄3: The Final Insult</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hopper" title="Dennis Hopper">Dennis Hopper</a> – <a href="/wiki/Waterworld" title="Waterworld">Waterworld</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Island_of_Dr._Moreau_(1996_film)" title="The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)">The Island of Dr. Moreau</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Rodman" title="Dennis Rodman">Dennis Rodman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Double_Team_(film)" title="Double Team (film)">Double Team</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Eszterhas" title="Joe Eszterhas">Joe Eszterhas</a> – <a href="/wiki/An_Alan_Smithee_Film:_Burn_Hollywood_Burn" title="An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn">An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Best" title="Ahmed Best">Ahmed Best</a> – <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Pepper" title="Barry Pepper">Barry Pepper</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Earth_(film)" title="Battlefield Earth (film)">Battlefield Earth</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cats_%26_Dogs" title="Cats & Dogs">Cats & Dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes_(2001_film)" title="Planet of the Apes (2001 film)">Planet of the Apes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Town_%26_Country_(film)" title="Town & Country (film)">Town & Country</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayden_Christensen" title="Hayden Christensen">Hayden Christensen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spy_Kids_3-D:_Game_Over" title="Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over">Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11">Fahrenheit 9/11</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayden_Christensen" title="Hayden Christensen">Hayden Christensen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan" title="M. Night Shyamalan">M. Night Shyamalan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lady_in_the_Water" title="Lady in the Water">Lady in the Water</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Norbit" title="Norbit">Norbit</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Brosnan" title="Pierce Brosnan">Pierce Brosnan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mamma_Mia!_(film)" title="Mamma Mia! (film)">Mamma Mia!</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Ray_Cyrus" title="Billy Ray Cyrus">Billy Ray Cyrus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Montana:_The_Movie" title="Hannah Montana: The Movie">Hannah Montana: The Movie</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Rathbone" title="Jackson Rathbone">Jackson Rathbone</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Airbender_(film)" title="The Last Airbender (film)">The Last Airbender</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Eclipse" title="The Twilight Saga: Eclipse">The Twilight Saga: Eclipse</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jack_and_Jill_(2011_film)" title="Jack and Jill (2011 film)">Jack and Jill</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Lautner" title="Taylor Lautner">Taylor Lautner</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Breaking_Dawn_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2">The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> – <a href="/wiki/After_Earth" title="After Earth">After Earth</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelsey_Grammer" title="Kelsey Grammer">Kelsey Grammer</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Expendables_3" title="The Expendables 3">The Expendables 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legends_of_Oz:_Dorothy%27s_Return" title="Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return">Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return</a>, <a href="/wiki/Think_Like_a_Man_Too" title="Think Like a Man Too">Think Like a Man Too</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Transformers:_Age_of_Extinction" title="Transformers: Age of Extinction">Transformers: Age of Extinction</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Redmayne" title="Eddie Redmayne">Eddie Redmayne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Ascending" title="Jupiter Ascending">Jupiter Ascending</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Eisenberg" title="Jesse Eisenberg">Jesse Eisenberg</a> – <a href="/wiki/Batman_v_Superman:_Dawn_of_Justice" title="Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice">Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daddy%27s_Home_2" title="Daddy's Home 2">Daddy's Home 2</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Reilly" title="John C. Reilly">John C. Reilly</a> – <a href="/wiki/Holmes_%26_Watson" title="Holmes & Watson">Holmes & Watson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Corden" title="James Corden">James Corden</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cats_(2019_film)" title="Cats (2019 film)">Cats</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> – <a href="/wiki/Borat_Subsequent_Moviefilm" title="Borat Subsequent Moviefilm">Borat Subsequent Moviefilm: Delivery of Prodigious Bribe to American Regime for Make Benefit Once Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Leto" title="Jared Leto">Jared Leto</a> – <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gucci" title="House of Gucci">House of Gucci</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elvis_(2022_film)" title="Elvis (2022 film)">Elvis</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> – <a href="/wiki/Expend4bles" title="Expend4bles">Expend4bles</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template talk:National Board of Review Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Actor">National Board of Review Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1945–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> (1945)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Huston" title="Walter Huston">Walter Huston</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Basehart" title="Richard Basehart">Richard Basehart</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Victor Sjöström</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Robertson" title="Cliff Robertson">Cliff Robertson</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ryan" title="Robert Ryan">Robert Ryan</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Carradine" title="David Carradine">David Carradine</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Conti" title="Tom Conti">Tom Conti</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Banerjee" title="Victor Banerjee">Victor Banerjee</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Raul_Julia" title="Raul Julia">Raul Julia</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Bardem" title="Javier Bardem">Javier Bardem</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Bob_Thornton" title="Billy Bob Thornton">Billy Bob Thornton</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Scott" title="Campbell Scott">Campbell Scott</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Foxx" title="Jamie Foxx">Jamie Foxx</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Seymour_Hoffman" title="Philip Seymour Hoffman">Philip Seymour Hoffman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Eisenberg" title="Jesse Eisenberg">Jesse Eisenberg</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Cooper" title="Bradley Cooper">Bradley Cooper</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Dern" title="Bruce Dern">Bruce Dern</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Isaac" title="Oscar Isaac">Oscar Isaac</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Damon" title="Matt Damon">Matt Damon</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viggo_Mortensen" title="Viggo Mortensen">Viggo Mortensen</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riz_Ahmed" title="Riz Ahmed">Riz Ahmed</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Farrell" title="Colin Farrell">Colin Farrell</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giamatti" title="Paul Giamatti">Paul Giamatti</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Craig" title="Daniel Craig">Daniel Craig</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_Drama_Critics_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #99CCFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DramaCriticsBestActor" title="Template:DramaCriticsBestActor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:DramaCriticsBestActor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:DramaCriticsBestActor (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DramaCriticsBestActor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DramaCriticsBestActor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_Drama_Critics_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Drama_Critics_Award" title="New York Drama Critics Award">New York Drama Critics Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Nugent" title="Elliott Nugent">Elliott Nugent</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fay_(comedian)" title="Frank Fay (comedian)">Frank Fay</a> (1945)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Digges_(actor)" title="Dudley Digges (actor)">Dudley Digges</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kelly_(actor)" title="Paul Kelly (actor)">Paul Kelly</a> (1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template talk:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor">New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1935–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Huston" title="Walter Huston">Walter Huston</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Muni" title="Paul Muni">Paul Muni</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lukas" title="Paul Lukas">Paul Lukas</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Fitzgerald" title="Barry Fitzgerald">Barry Fitzgerald</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> (1945)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Powell" title="William Powell">William Powell</a> (1947)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kennedy" title="Arthur Kennedy">Arthur Kennedy</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a> (1961)</li> <li>No Award (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Werner" title="Oskar Werner">Oskar Werner</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Arkin" title="Alan Arkin">Alan Arkin</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoskins" title="Bob Hoskins">Bob Hoskins</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Thewlis" title="David Thewlis">David Thewlis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fonda" title="Peter Fonda">Peter Fonda</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Nolte" title="Nick Nolte">Nick Nolte</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Farnsworth" title="Richard Farnsworth">Richard Farnsworth</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wilkinson" title="Tom Wilkinson">Tom Wilkinson</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giamatti" title="Paul Giamatti">Paul Giamatti</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_Ledger" title="Heath Ledger">Heath Ledger</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Spall" title="Timothy Spall">Timothy Spall</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoth%C3%A9e_Chalamet" title="Timothée Chalamet">Timothée Chalamet</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Hawke" title="Ethan Hawke">Ethan Hawke</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Banderas" title="Antonio Banderas">Antonio Banderas</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delroy_Lindo" title="Delroy Lindo">Delroy Lindo</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Farrell" title="Colin Farrell">Colin Farrell</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Rogowski" title="Franz Rogowski">Franz Rogowski</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Brody" title="Adrien Brody">Adrien Brody</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Society_of_London_Theatre_Special_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #E0E0E0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OlivierAward_SpecialAward" title="Template:OlivierAward SpecialAward"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OlivierAward_SpecialAward" title="Template talk:OlivierAward SpecialAward"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OlivierAward_SpecialAward" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OlivierAward SpecialAward"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Society_of_London_Theatre_Special_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_London_Theatre_Special_Award" title="Society of London Theatre Special Award">Society of London Theatre Special Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wintour" title="Charles Wintour">Charles Wintour</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Littlewood" title="Joan Littlewood">Joan Littlewood</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninette_de_Valois" title="Ninette de Valois">Ninette de Valois</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_MacMillan" title="Kenneth MacMillan">Kenneth MacMillan</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Wanamaker" title="Sam Wanamaker">Sam Wanamaker</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Harris" title="Margaret Harris">Margaret Harris</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Mirvish" title="Ed Mirvish">Ed Mirvish</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Mirvish" title="David Mirvish">David Mirvish</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hall_(director)" title="Peter Hall (director)">Peter Hall</a> (1999)</li> <li>Rupert Rhymes (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tomlinson_(bass)" title="John Tomlinson (bass)">John Tomlinson</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ayckbourn" title="Alan Ayckbourn">Alan Ayckbourn</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Mason" title="Monica Mason">Monica Mason</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Frayn" title="Michael Frayn">Michael Frayn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Lynne" title="Gillian Lynne">Gillian Lynne</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hytner" title="Nicholas Hytner">Nicholas Hytner</a> & Nick Starr / <a href="/wiki/Michael_White_(producer)" title="Michael White (producer)">Michael White</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Guillem" title="Sylvie Guillem">Sylvie Guillem</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lan" title="David Lan">David Lan</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bourne" title="Matthew Bourne">Matthew Bourne</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(lyricist)" title="Don Black (lyricist)">Don Black</a> / Jo Hawes / <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Holt" title="Thelma Holt">Thelma Holt</a> / Stephen Jameson / <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> / Sarah Preece / Peter Roberts (2020)</li> <li><s>(2021 Covid-19)</s></li> <li>Lisa Burger / Bob King / Gloria Louis / Susie Sainsbury / <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Young" title="Sylvia Young">Sylvia Young</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arlene_Phillips" title="Arlene Phillips">Arlene Phillips</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Sonning_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Sonning_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Sonning_Prize" title="Sonning Prize">Sonning Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvar_Aalto" title="Alvar Aalto">Alvar Aalto</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Dominique Pire</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Coudenhove-Kalergi" title="Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi">Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi</a> (1965)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Visser_%27t_Hooft" title="Willem Visser 't Hooft">Willem Visser 't Hooft</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Arthur Koestler</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Tau" title="Max Tau">Max Tau</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_Dolci" title="Danilo Dolci">Danilo Dolci</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_N%C3%A6ss" title="Arne Næss">Arne Næss</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gmeiner" title="Hermann Gmeiner">Hermann Gmeiner</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Heinesen" title="William Heinesen">William Heinesen</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieślowski</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzon" title="Jørn Utzon">Jørn Utzon</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Barba" title="Eugenio Barba">Eugenio Barba</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Hatoum" title="Mona Hatoum">Mona Hatoum</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gnes_Heller" title="Ágnes Heller">Ágnes Heller</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano">Renzo Piano</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger" title="Hans Magnus Enzensberger">Hans Magnus Enzensberger</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Haneke" title="Michael Haneke">Michael Haneke</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović">Marina Abramović</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artistic_Directors_of_the_Royal_National_Theatre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Theatre_directors" title="Template:National Theatre directors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Theatre_directors" title="Template talk:National Theatre directors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Theatre_directors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Theatre directors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Artistic_Directors_of_the_Royal_National_Theatre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Artistic_director" title="Artistic director">Artistic Directors</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laurence Olivier</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hall_(director)" title="Peter Hall (director)">Peter Hall</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Eyre" title="Richard Eyre">Richard Eyre</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Nunn" title="Trevor Nunn">Trevor Nunn</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hytner" title="Nicholas Hytner">Nicholas Hytner</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Norris" title="Rufus Norris">Rufus Norris</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55245#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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