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data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Unicode block, see <a href="/wiki/Hiragana_(Unicode_block)" title="Hiragana (Unicode block)">Hiragana (Unicode block)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Hiragana (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:平仮名">平仮名</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%B2%E3%82%89%E3%81%8C%E3%81%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:ひらがな">ひらがな</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[çiɾaɡaꜜna, çiɾaɡana(ꜜ)]</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabary</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese writing system</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>. <table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:pink;">Hiragana <div style="font-weight:normal">平仮名 ひらがな</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%81%B2_%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8%E4%BD%93.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E3%81%B2_%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8%E4%BD%93.svg/100px-%E3%81%B2_%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8%E4%BD%93.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E3%81%B2_%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8%E4%BD%93.svg/150px-%E3%81%B2_%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8%E4%BD%93.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E3%81%B2_%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8%E4%BD%93.svg/200px-%E3%81%B2_%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8%E4%BD%93.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabary</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 800 – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Vertical right-to-left, left-to-right <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48332?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D_language" title="Hachijō language">Hachijō</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan languages</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_script" title="Clerical script">Clerical script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Regular_script" title="Regular script">Regular script</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>)<ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Hiragana</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sister systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>Hira <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">(410), Hiragana</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Hiragana</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li>Hiragana: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3040.pdf">U+3040–U+309F</a></li><li>Kana Extended-B: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1AFF0.pdf">U+1AFF0–U+1AFFF</a></li><li>Kana Supplement: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B000.pdf">U+1B000–U+1B0FF</a></li><li>Kana Extended-A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B100.pdf">U+1B100–U+1B12F</a></li><li>Small Kana Extension: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B130.pdf">U+1B130–U+1B16F</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"> This article contains <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1245169151">.mw-parser-output .jawriting-sidebar{width:20em}.mw-parser-output .jawriting-header{border-top:1px solid #aaa}</style> It is a phonetic lettering system. The word hiragana means "common" or "plain" <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a> (originally also "easy", as contrasted with kanji).<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Hiragana and katakana are both <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a> systems. With few exceptions, each <a href="/wiki/Mora_(linguistics)" title="Mora (linguistics)">mora</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a> is represented by one character (or one digraph) in each system. This may be a vowel such as /a/ (hiragana <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:あ">あ</a>); a consonant followed by a vowel such as /ka/ (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:か">か</a>); or /N/ (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:ん">ん</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">nasal</a> <a href="/wiki/Sonorant" title="Sonorant">sonorant</a> which, depending on the context and dialect, sounds either like English m, n or ng ([<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>]) when syllable-final or like the <a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">nasal vowels</a> of <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> or <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>][<a href="#Spelling-phonology_correspondence">contradictory</a>] Because the characters of the kana do not represent single consonants (except in the case of the aforementioned ん), the kana are referred to as syllabic symbols and not alphabetic letters.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Hiragana is used to write <a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">okurigana</a> (kana suffixes following a kanji root, for example to inflect verbs and adjectives), various grammatical and function words including <a href="/wiki/Japanese_particles" title="Japanese particles">particles</a>, and miscellaneous other native words for which there are no <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> or whose kanji form is obscure or too formal for the writing purpose.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Words that do have common kanji renditions may also sometimes be written instead in hiragana, according to an individual author's preference, for example to impart an informal feel. Hiragana is also used to write <a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">furigana</a>, a reading aid that shows the <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation" title="Pronunciation">pronunciation</a> of kanji characters. There are two main systems of <a href="/wiki/Kana#Collation" title="Kana">ordering hiragana</a>: the old-fashioned <a href="/wiki/Iroha" title="Iroha">iroha</a> ordering and the more prevalent <a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">gojūon</a> ordering. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Writing_system">1 Writing system</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Table_of_hiragana">2 Table of hiragana</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Spelling%E2%80%93phonology_correspondence">2.1 Spelling–phonology correspondence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Spelling_rules">3 Spelling rules</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Obsolete_kana">4 Obsolete kana</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Hentaigana">4.1 Hentaigana</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Polysyllabic_kana">4.2 Polysyllabic kana</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#e_and_i">4.3 e and i</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#yi,_ye_and_wu">4.4 yi, ye and wu</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#yi">4.4.1 yi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#ye">4.4.2 ye</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#wu">4.4.3 wu</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#History">5 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Stroke_order_and_direction">6 Stroke order and direction</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Unicode">7 Unicode</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#References">9 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Citations">9.1 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Sources">9.2 Sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Notes">9.3 Notes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Writing_system">Writing system</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Writing system" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="0" style="padding:2px;margin-left:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <caption>Basic hiragana characters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>a</th> <th>i</th> <th>u</th> <th>e</th> <th>o </th></tr> <tr> <th title="No lead consonant">∅ </th> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%82" class="mw-redirect" title="あ">あ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%84" class="mw-redirect" title="い">い</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%86" class="mw-redirect" title="う">う</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%88" class="mw-redirect" title="え">え</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="お">お</a></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>k </th> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="か">か</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="き">き</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="く">く</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%91" class="mw-redirect" title="け">け</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="こ">こ</a></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>s </th> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%95" class="mw-redirect" title="さ">さ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97" class="mw-redirect" title="し">し</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%99" class="mw-redirect" title="す">す</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="せ">せ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="そ">そ</a></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>t </th> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="た">た</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ち">ち</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="つ">つ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="て">て</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="と">と</a></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>n </th> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="な">な</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="に">に</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ぬ">ぬ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ね">ね</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="の">の</a></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>h </th> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="は">は</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ひ">ひ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ふ">ふ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="へ">へ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ほ">ほ</a></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>m </th> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ま">ま</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="み">み</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%80" class="mw-redirect" title="む">む</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%81" class="mw-redirect" title="め">め</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%82" class="mw-redirect" title="も">も</a></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>y </th> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%84" class="mw-redirect" title="や">や</a></big></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-obsolete-6">[6]</a> </td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ゆ">ゆ</a></big></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-obsolete-6">[6]</a></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%88" class="mw-redirect" title="よ">よ</a></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>r </th> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ら">ら</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="り">り</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="る">る</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="れ">れ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ろ">ろ</a></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>w </th> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="わ">わ</a></big></td> <td style="background:#DDDDF6"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ゐ">ゐ</a></big></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-obsolete-6">[6]</a> </td> <td style="background:#DDDDF6"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%91" class="mw-redirect" title="ゑ">ゑ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%92" class="mw-redirect" title="を">を</a></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%93" class="mw-redirect" title="ん">ん</a></big> (n) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Main functional marks and <a href="/wiki/Diacritics" class="mw-redirect" title="Diacritics">diacritics</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="っ">っ</a></big></td> <td><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="ゝ">ゝ</a></big></td> <td colspan="2"><big><a href="/wiki/Dakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakuten">゛</a></big></td> <td colspan="2"><big><a href="/wiki/Dakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakuten">゜</a></big> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> Only used in some proper names </td></tr></tbody></table> After the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_script_reform#Pre-World_War_II_reforms" title="Japanese script reform">1900 script reform</a>, which deemed hundreds of characters <a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">hentaigana</a>, the hiragana syllabary consists of 48 base characters, of which two (<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ゐ">ゐ</a> and <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%91" class="mw-redirect" title="ゑ">ゑ</a>) are only used in some proper names: <ul><li>5 singular vowels: <a href="/wiki/%E3%81%82" class="mw-redirect" title="あ">あ</a> /a/, <a href="/wiki/%E3%81%84" class="mw-redirect" title="い">い</a> /i/, <a href="/wiki/%E3%81%86" class="mw-redirect" title="う">う</a> /u/, <a href="/wiki/%E3%81%88" class="mw-redirect" title="え">え</a> /e/, <a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="お">お</a> /o/ (respectively pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[a]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[i]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɯ]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[e]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[o]</a>)</li> <li>42 consonant–vowel unions: for example <a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="き">き</a> /ki/, <a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="て">て</a> /te/, <a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ほ">ほ</a> /ho/, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ゆ">ゆ</a> /ju/, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="わ">わ</a> /wa/ (respectively pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ki]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[te]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ho]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[jɯ]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[wa]</a>)</li> <li>1 singular consonant (<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%93" class="mw-redirect" title="ん">ん</a>), romanized as n.</li></ul> These are conceived as a 5×10 grid (<a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">gojūon</a>, 五十音, "Fifty Sounds"), as illustrated in the adjacent table, read あ (a), い (i), う (u), え (e), お (o), か (ka), き (ki), く (ku), け (ke), こ (ko) and so forth (but si→shi, ti→chi, tu→tsu, hu→fu, wi→i, we→e, wo→o). Of the 50 theoretically possible combinations, yi, ye, and wu are completely unused. On the w row, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ゐ">ゐ</a> and <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%91" class="mw-redirect" title="ゑ">ゑ</a>, pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[i]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[e]</a> respectively, are uncommon in modern Japanese, while <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%92" class="mw-redirect" title="を">を</a>, pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[o]</a>, is common as a <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_particle" title="Grammatical particle">particle</a> but otherwise rare. Strictly speaking, the singular consonant ん (n) is considered to be outside the gojūon. These basic characters can be modified in various ways. By adding a <a href="/wiki/Dakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakuten">dakuten</a> marker ( ゛), a <a href="/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent">voiceless consonant</a> is turned into a <a href="/wiki/Sonorant" title="Sonorant">voiced consonant</a>: k→g, ts/s→z, t→d, h/f→b and ch/sh→j (also <a href="/wiki/U_(kana)" title="U (kana)">u</a>→v(u)). For example, か (ka) becomes が (ga). Hiragana beginning with an h (or f) sound can also add a <a href="/wiki/Handakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Handakuten">handakuten</a> marker ( ゜) changing the h (f) to a p. For example, は (ha) becomes ぱ (pa). A small version of the hiragana for ya, yu, or yo (ゃ, ゅ or ょ respectively) may be added to hiragana ending in i. This changes the i vowel sound to a glide (<a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalization</a>) to a, u or o. For example, き (ki) plus ゃ (small ya) becomes きゃ (kya). Addition of the small y kana is called <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Don" title="Yōon">yōon</a>. A small tsu っ, called a <a href="/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon">sokuon</a>, indicates that the following consonant is <a href="/wiki/Geminated" class="mw-redirect" title="Geminated">geminated</a> (doubled). In Japanese this is an important distinction in pronunciation; for example, compare さか, saka, "hill" with さっか, sakka, "author". However, it cannot be used to double an n – for this purpose, the singular n (ん) is added in front of the syllable, as in みんな (minna, "all"). The sokuon also sometimes appears at the end of utterances, where it denotes a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a>, as in いてっ! (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[iteʔ]</a>, "Ouch!"). Two hiragana have pronunciations that depend on the context: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="は">は</a> is pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[wa]</a> when used as a particle (otherwise, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ha]</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="へ">へ</a> is pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[e]</a> when used as a particle (otherwise, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[he]</a>).</li></ul> Hiragana usually spells <a href="/wiki/Long_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Long vowel">long vowels</a> with the addition of a second vowel kana; for example, おかあさん (o-ka-a-sa-n, "mother"). The <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Donpu" title="Chōonpu">chōonpu</a> (long vowel mark) (ー) used in katakana is rarely used with hiragana, for example in the word らーめん, <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81men" class="mw-redirect" title="Rāmen">rāmen</a>, but this usage is considered non-standard in Japanese. However, the <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan language</a> uses chōonpu with hiragana. In informal writing, small versions of the five vowel kana are sometimes used to represent trailing off sounds (はぁ, haa, ねぇ, nee). Plain (clear) and voiced <a href="/wiki/Iteration_mark#Japanese" title="Iteration mark">iteration marks</a> are written in hiragana as ゝ and ゞ, respectively. These marks are rarely used nowadays. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Table_of_hiragana">Table of hiragana</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Table of hiragana" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> The following table shows the complete hiragana together with the <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">modified Hepburn romanization</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcription, arranged in four categories, each of them displayed in the gojūon order.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-ALA-LC-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Those whose romanization are in bold do not use the initial consonant for that row. For all syllables besides ん, the pronunciation indicated is for word-initial syllables; for mid-word pronunciations see below. <table class="wikitable nowraplinks" border="0" cellpadding="2" style="vertical-align:top;padding:2px;" width="50%"> <caption>Hiragana syllabograms </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" width="2%"> </th> <th style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#BECFEB;" colspan="5" width="50%">Monographs (<a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">gojūon</a>) </th> <th colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#CCCB9A;" width="33%">Digraphs (<a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Don" title="Yōon">yōon</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th width="10%">a</th> <th width="10%">i</th> <th width="10%">u</th> <th width="10%">e</th> <th width="10%">o </th> <th width="11%">ya</th> <th width="11%">yu</th> <th width="11%">yo </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th title="vowels">∅ </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%82" class="mw-redirect" title="あ">あ</a></big> a <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[a]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%84" class="mw-redirect" title="い">い</a></big> i <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[i]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%86" class="mw-redirect" title="う">う</a></big> u <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%88" class="mw-redirect" title="え">え</a></big> e <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[e]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="お">お</a></big> o <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[o]</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>K </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="か">か</a></big> ka <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ka]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="き">き</a></big> ki <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ki]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="く">く</a></big> ku <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[kɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%91" class="mw-redirect" title="け">け</a></big> ke <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ke]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="こ">こ</a></big> ko <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ko]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="きゃ">きゃ</a></big> kya <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[kʲa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="きゅ">きゅ</a></big> kyu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[kʲɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="きょ">きょ</a></big> kyo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[kʲo]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>S </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%95" class="mw-redirect" title="さ">さ</a></big> sa <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[sa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97" class="mw-redirect" title="し">し</a></big> shi <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɕi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%99" class="mw-redirect" title="す">す</a></big> su <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[sɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="せ">せ</a></big> se <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[se]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="そ">そ</a></big> so <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[so]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="しゃ">しゃ</a></big> sha <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɕa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="しゅ">しゅ</a></big> shu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɕɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="しょ">しょ</a></big> sho <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɕo]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>T </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="た">た</a></big> ta <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ta]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ち">ち</a></big> chi <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[tɕi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="つ">つ</a></big> tsu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[tsɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="て">て</a></big> te <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[te]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="と">と</a></big> to <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[to]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ちゃ">ちゃ</a></big> cha <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[tɕa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ちゅ">ちゅ</a></big> chu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[tɕɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ちょ">ちょ</a></big> cho <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[tɕo]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>N </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="な">な</a></big> na <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[na]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="に">に</a></big> ni <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɲi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ぬ">ぬ</a></big> nu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[nɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ね">ね</a></big> ne <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ne]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="の">の</a></big> no <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[no]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AB%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="にゃ">にゃ</a></big> nya <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɲa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AB%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="にゅ">にゅ</a></big> nyu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɲɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AB%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="にょ">にょ</a></big> nyo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɲo]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>H </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="は">は</a></big> ha <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ha]</a> (wa <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[wa]</a> as particle) </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ひ">ひ</a></big> hi <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[çi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ふ">ふ</a></big> fu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɸɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="へ">へ</a></big> he <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[he]</a> (e <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[e]</a> as particle) </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ほ">ほ</a></big> ho <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ho]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B2%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ひゃ">ひゃ</a></big> hya <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ça]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B2%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ひゅ">ひゅ</a></big> hyu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[çɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B2%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ひょ">ひょ</a></big> hyo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ço]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>M </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ま">ま</a></big> ma <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ma]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="み">み</a></big> mi <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[mi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%80" class="mw-redirect" title="む">む</a></big> mu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[mɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%81" class="mw-redirect" title="め">め</a></big> me <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[me]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%82" class="mw-redirect" title="も">も</a></big> mo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[mo]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BF%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="みゃ">みゃ</a></big> mya <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[mʲa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BF%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="みゅ">みゅ</a></big> myu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[mʲɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BF%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="みょ">みょ</a></big> myo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[mʲo]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>Y </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%84" class="mw-redirect" title="や">や</a></big> ya <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ja]</a> </td> <td style="background:#E9E9E9"><big><a href="/wiki/%F0%9B%80%86" class="mw-redirect" title="𛀆">𛀆</a></big><a href="#cite_note-obsolete-6">[6]</a> i <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[i]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ゆ">ゆ</a></big> yu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[jɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#E9E9E9"><big><a href="/wiki/%F0%9B%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="𛀁">𛀁</a></big><a href="#cite_note-obsolete-6">[6]</a> e <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[e]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%88" class="mw-redirect" title="よ">よ</a></big> yo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[jo]</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>R </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ら">ら</a></big> ra <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɾa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="り">り</a></big> ri <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɾi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="る">る</a></big> ru <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɾɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="れ">れ</a></big> re <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɾe]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ろ">ろ</a></big> ro <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɾo]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="りゃ">りゃ</a></big> rya <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɾʲa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="りゅ">りゅ</a></big> ryu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɾʲɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="りょ">りょ</a></big> ryo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɾʲo]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>W </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="わ">わ</a></big> wa <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[wa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ゐ">ゐ</a><a href="#cite_note-obsolete-6">[6]</a></big> i <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[i]</a> </td> <td style="background:#E9E9E9"><big><a href="/wiki/%F0%9B%84%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="𛄟">𛄟</a><a href="#cite_note-obsolete-6">[6]</a></big> u <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%91" class="mw-redirect" title="ゑ">ゑ</a><a href="#cite_note-obsolete-6">[6]</a></big> e <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[e]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%92" class="mw-redirect" title="を">を</a></big> o<a href="#cite_note-11">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[o]</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="5" style="background:#BECFEB;">Monographs (<a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">gojūon</a>) with diacritics (<a href="/wiki/Dakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakuten">dakuten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Handakuten">handakuten</a>) </th> <th colspan="3" style="background:#CCCB9A;">Digraphs (<a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Don" title="Yōon">yōon</a>) with diacritics (<a href="/wiki/Dakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakuten">dakuten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Handakuten">handakuten</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th>a</th> <th>i</th> <th>u</th> <th>e</th> <th>o </th> <th>ya</th> <th>yu</th> <th>yo </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>G </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="が">が</a></big> ga <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɡa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="ぎ">ぎ</a></big> gi <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɡi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ぐ">ぐ</a></big> gu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɡɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%92" class="mw-redirect" title="げ">げ</a></big> ge <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɡe]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ご">ご</a></big> go <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɡo]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8E%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ぎゃ">ぎゃ</a></big> gya <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɡʲa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8E%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ぎゅ">ぎゅ</a></big> gyu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɡʲɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8E%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ぎょ">ぎょ</a></big> gyo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɡʲo]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>Z </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%96" class="mw-redirect" title="ざ">ざ</a></big> za <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)za]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%98" class="mw-redirect" title="じ">じ</a></big> ji <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)ʑi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="ず">ず</a></big> zu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)zɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="ぜ">ぜ</a></big> ze <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)ze]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="ぞ">ぞ</a></big> zo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)zo]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%98%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="じゃ">じゃ</a></big> ja <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)ʑa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%98%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="じゅ">じゅ</a></big> ju <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)ʑɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%98%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="じょ">じょ</a></big> jo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)ʑo]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>D </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="だ">だ</a></big> da <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[da]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ぢ">ぢ</a></big> ji <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)ʑi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="づ">づ</a></big> zu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)zɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="で">で</a></big> de <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[de]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ど">ど</a></big> do <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[do]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A2%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ぢゃ">ぢゃ</a></big> ja <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)ʑa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A2%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ぢゅ">ぢゅ</a></big> ju <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)ʑɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A2%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ぢょ">ぢょ</a></big> jo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[(d)ʑo]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>B </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ば">ば</a></big> ba <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ba]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="び">び</a></big> bi <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[bi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="ぶ">ぶ</a></big> bu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[bɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="べ">べ</a></big> be <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[be]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="ぼ">ぼ</a></big> bo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[bo]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B3%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="びゃ">びゃ</a></big> bya <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[bʲa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B3%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="びゅ">びゅ</a></big> byu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[bʲɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B3%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="びょ">びょ</a></big> byo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[bʲo]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <th>P </th> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ぱ">ぱ</a></big> pa <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[pa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ぴ">ぴ</a></big> pi <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[pi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="ぷ">ぷ</a></big> pu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[pɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="ぺ">ぺ</a></big> pe <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[pe]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="ぽ">ぽ</a></big> po <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[po]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B4%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ぴゃ">ぴゃ</a></big> pya <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[pʲa]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B4%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ぴゅ">ぴゅ</a></big> pyu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[pʲɯ]</a> </td> <td style="background:#F3F5DE"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B4%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ぴょ">ぴょ</a></big> pyo <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[pʲo]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nowraplinks" border="0" cellpadding="2" style="vertical-align:top;padding:2px;" width="10%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#BECFEB;">Final nasal monograph (hatsuon) </th> <th colspan="6" style="background:#BECFEB;">Polysyllabic monographs (obsolete) </th></tr> <tr> <th width="10%">n</th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Kashiko_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashiko (kana)">kashiko</a></th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Koto_(kana)" title="Koto (kana)">koto</a></th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Sama_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama (kana)">sama</a></th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Nari_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nari (kana)">nari</a></th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Mairasesoro_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mairasesoro (kana)">mairasesoro</a></th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Yori_(kana)" title="Yori (kana)">yori</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <td style="background:#EFFAFA" width="10%"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%93" class="mw-redirect" title="ん">ん</a></big> n <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[m n ɲ ŋ ɴ ɰ̃]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA" width="10%"><big><a href="/wiki/File:Hiragana_kashiko.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Hiragana_kashiko.svg/20px-Hiragana_kashiko.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="3750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 60px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Hiragana_kashiko.svg/20px-Hiragana_kashiko.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="60" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Hiragana_kashiko.svg/30px-Hiragana_kashiko.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Hiragana_kashiko.svg/40px-Hiragana_kashiko.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></big> kashiko <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[kaɕiko]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA" width="10%"><big><a href="/wiki/File:Hiragana_koto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hiragana_koto.svg/20px-Hiragana_koto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hiragana_koto.svg/20px-Hiragana_koto.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hiragana_koto.svg/30px-Hiragana_koto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hiragana_koto.svg/40px-Hiragana_koto.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></big> koto <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[koto]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA" width="10%"><big><a href="/wiki/File:Hiragana_sama_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hiragana_sama_1.svg/20px-Hiragana_sama_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1350"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hiragana_sama_1.svg/20px-Hiragana_sama_1.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hiragana_sama_1.svg/30px-Hiragana_sama_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hiragana_sama_1.svg/40px-Hiragana_sama_1.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>/<a href="/wiki/File:Hiragana_sama_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hiragana_sama_2.svg/20px-Hiragana_sama_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1350"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hiragana_sama_2.svg/20px-Hiragana_sama_2.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hiragana_sama_2.svg/30px-Hiragana_sama_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hiragana_sama_2.svg/40px-Hiragana_sama_2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></big> sama <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[sama]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA" width="10%"><big><a href="/wiki/File:Hiragana_nari.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hiragana_nari.svg/20px-Hiragana_nari.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1350"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hiragana_nari.svg/20px-Hiragana_nari.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hiragana_nari.svg/30px-Hiragana_nari.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hiragana_nari.svg/40px-Hiragana_nari.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></big> nari <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[naɾi]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA" width="10%"><big><a href="/wiki/File:Hiragana_mairasesoro_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hiragana_mairasesoro_1.svg/20px-Hiragana_mairasesoro_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="3750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 60px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hiragana_mairasesoro_1.svg/20px-Hiragana_mairasesoro_1.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="60" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hiragana_mairasesoro_1.svg/30px-Hiragana_mairasesoro_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hiragana_mairasesoro_1.svg/40px-Hiragana_mairasesoro_1.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>/<a href="/wiki/File:Hiragana_mairasesoro_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Hiragana_mairasesoro_2.svg/20px-Hiragana_mairasesoro_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="3750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 60px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Hiragana_mairasesoro_2.svg/20px-Hiragana_mairasesoro_2.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="60" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Hiragana_mairasesoro_2.svg/30px-Hiragana_mairasesoro_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Hiragana_mairasesoro_2.svg/40px-Hiragana_mairasesoro_2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></big> mairasesoro <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[maiɾasesoːɾoː]</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA" width="10%"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="ゟ">ゟ</a></big> yori <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[joɾi]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA" width="10%"><big><a href="/wiki/File:Hiragana_koto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hiragana_koto.svg/20px-Hiragana_koto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hiragana_koto.svg/20px-Hiragana_koto.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hiragana_koto.svg/30px-Hiragana_koto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hiragana_koto.svg/40px-Hiragana_koto.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>゙</big> goto <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[goto]</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nowraplinks" border="0" cellpadding="2" style="vertical-align:top;padding:2px;" width="50%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#BECFEB;">Functional graphemes </th></tr> <tr> <th>sokuonfu</th> <th>chōonpu</th> <th>odoriji (monosyllable)</th> <th>odoriji (polysyllable) </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="っ">っ</a></big> (indicates a <a href="/wiki/Geminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Geminate">geminate</a> consonant) </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="ー">ー</a></big> (indicates a long vowel) </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="ゝ">ゝ</a></big> (reduplicates and unvoices syllable) </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%80%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="〱">〱</a></big> (reduplicates and unvoices syllable) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <td style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="ゞ">ゞ</a></big> (reduplicates and voices syllable) </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%80%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="〱">〱゙</a></big> (reduplicates and voices syllable) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <td style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="ゝ">ゝ゚</a></big> (reduplicates and moves a h- or b-row syllable to the p-row) </td> <td style="background:#EFFAFA"><big><a href="/wiki/%E3%80%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="〱">〱゚</a></big> (reduplicates and moves a h- or b-row syllable to the p-row) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spelling–phonology_correspondence">Spelling–phonology correspondence</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spelling–phonology correspondence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the middle of words, the g sound (normally [ɡ]) may turn into a <a href="/wiki/Velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar nasal">velar nasal</a> [ŋ] or <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">velar fricative</a> [ɣ]. For example, かぎ (kagi, key) is often pronounced [kaŋi]. However, じゅうご (jūgo, fifteen) is pronounced as if it was jū and go stacked end to end: [d͡ʑɯːɡo].<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> In many accents, the j and z sounds are pronounced as <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricates</a> ([d͡ʑ] and [d͡z], respectively) at the beginning of utterances and fricatives [ʑ, z] in the middle of words. For example, すうじ sūji [sɯːʑi] 'number', ざっし zasshi [d͡zaɕɕi] 'magazine'. The singular n is pronounced [m] before m, b and p, [n] before t, ch, ts, n, r, z, j and d, [ŋ] before k and g, [ɴ] at the end of utterances, and some kind of <a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">high</a> <a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">nasal vowel</a> [ɰ̃] before vowels, palatal approximants (y), and <a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">fricative consonants</a> (s, sh, h, f and w).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In kanji readings, the diphthongs ou and ei are usually pronounced [oː] (long o) and [eː] (long e) respectively. For example, とうきょう (lit. toukyou) is pronounced [toːkʲoː] 'Tokyo', and せんせい sensei is [seɯ̃seː] 'teacher'. However, とう tou is pronounced [toɯ] 'to inquire', because the o and u are considered distinct, u being the verb ending in the dictionary form. Similarly, している shite iru is pronounced [ɕiteiɾɯ], present progressive form of する (suru, "to do"). In archaic forms of Japanese, there existed the kwa (くゎ <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[kʷa]</a>) and gwa (ぐゎ <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɡʷa]</a>) digraphs. In modern Japanese, these phonemes have been phased out of usage. For a more thorough discussion on the sounds of Japanese, please refer to <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Spelling_rules">Spelling rules</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spelling rules" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kanazukai" title="Kanazukai">Kanazukai</a></div> With a few exceptions, such as for the three <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_particles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatical particles">particles</a> は (pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[wa]</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ha]</a>), へ (pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[e]</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[he]</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[o]</a> (written を instead of お), Japanese when written in kana is <a href="/wiki/Phonemic_principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonemic principle">phonemically orthographic</a>, i.e. there is a one-to-one correspondence between kana characters and sounds, leaving only words' <a href="/wiki/Japanese_pitch_accent" title="Japanese pitch accent">pitch accent</a> unrepresented. This has not always been the case: a previous system of spelling, now referred to as <a href="/wiki/Historical_kana_usage" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical kana usage">historical kana usage</a>, differed substantially from pronunciation; the three above-mentioned exceptions in modern usage are the legacy of that system. There are two hiragana pronounced ji (じ and ぢ) and two hiragana pronounced zu (ず and づ), but to distinguish them, particularly when <a href="/wiki/W%C4%81puro_r%C5%8Dmaji" title="Wāpuro rōmaji">typing Japanese</a>, sometimes ぢ is written as di and づ is written as du. These pairs are not interchangeable. Usually, ji is written as じ and zu is written as ず. There are some exceptions. If the first two syllables of a word consist of one syllable without a <a href="/wiki/Dakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakuten">dakuten</a> and the same syllable with a dakuten, the same hiragana is used to write the sounds. For example, chijimeru ('to boil down' or 'to shrink') is spelled ちぢめる and tsuzuku ('to continue') is つづく. For compound words where the dakuten reflects <a href="/wiki/Rendaku" title="Rendaku">rendaku</a> voicing, the original hiragana is used. For example, chi (血 'blood') is spelled ち in plain hiragana. When 鼻 hana ('nose') and 血 chi ('blood') combine to make hanaji (鼻血 'nose bleed'), the sound of 血 changes from chi to ji. So hanaji is spelled はなぢ. Similarly, tsukau (使う/遣う; 'to use') is spelled つかう in hiragana, so kanazukai (仮名遣い; 'kana use', or 'kana orthography') is spelled かなづかい in hiragana. However, there are cases where ぢ and づ are not used, such as the word for 'lightning', inazuma (稲妻). The first component, 稲, meaning 'rice plant', is written いな (ina). The second component, 妻 (etymologically 夫), meaning 'spouse', is pronounced つま (tsuma) when standalone or often as づま (zuma) when following another syllable, such in 人妻 (hitozuma, 'married woman'). Even though these components of 稲妻 are etymologically linked to 'lightning', it is generally arduous for a contemporary speaker to consciously perceive inazuma as separable into two discrete words. Thus, the default spelling いなずま is used instead of いなづま. Other examples include kizuna (きずな) and sakazuki (さかずき). Although these rules were officially established by a Cabinet Notice in 1986 revising the <a href="/wiki/Modern_kana_usage" title="Modern kana usage">modern kana usage</a>, they have sometimes faced criticism due to their perceived arbitrariness. Officially, ぢ and づ do not occur word-initially pursuant to modern spelling rules. There were words such as ぢばん jiban 'ground' in the <a href="/wiki/Historical_kana_usage" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical kana usage">historical kana usage</a>, but they were unified under じ in the <a href="/wiki/Modern_kana_usage" title="Modern kana usage">modern kana usage</a> in 1946, so today it is spelled exclusively じばん. However, づら zura 'wig' (from かつら katsura) and づけ zuke (a sushi term for lean tuna soaked in soy sauce) are examples of word-initial づ today. No standard Japanese words begin with the kana ん (n). This is the basis of the word game <a href="/wiki/Shiritori" title="Shiritori">shiritori</a>. ん n is normally treated as its own syllable and is separate from the other n-based kana (na, ni etc.). ん is sometimes directly followed by a vowel (a, i, u, e or o) or a palatal approximant (ya, yu or yo). These are clearly distinct from the na, ni etc. syllables, and there are <a href="/wiki/Minimal_pair" title="Minimal pair">minimal pairs</a> such as きんえん kin'en 'smoking forbidden', きねん kinen 'commemoration', きんねん kinnen 'recent years'. In Hepburn romanization, they are distinguished with an apostrophe, but not all romanization methods make the distinction. For example, past prime minister <a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Junichiro Koizumi</a>'s first name is actually じゅんいちろう Jun'ichirō pronounced [dʑɯɰ̃itɕiɾoː] There are a few hiragana that are rarely used. Outside of Okinawan orthography, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ゐ">ゐ</a> wi <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[i]</a> and <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%91" class="mw-redirect" title="ゑ">ゑ</a> we <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[e]</a> are only used in some proper names. 𛀁 e was an alternate version of え e before spelling reform, and was briefly reused for ye during initial spelling reforms, but is now completely obsolete. ゔ vu is a modern addition used to represent the /v/ sound in foreign languages such as English, but since Japanese from a phonological standpoint does not have a /v/ sound, it is pronounced as /b/ and mostly serves as a more accurate indicator of a word's pronunciation in its original language. However, it is rarely seen because <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliterated</a> words are usually written in <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a>, where the corresponding character would be written as ヴ. The digraphs ぢゃ, ぢゅ, ぢょ for ja/ju/jo are theoretically possible in <a href="/wiki/Rendaku" title="Rendaku">rendaku</a>, but are nearly never used in <a href="/wiki/Modern_kana_usage" title="Modern kana usage">modern kana usage</a>; for example, the word 夫婦茶碗, meoto-jawan (couple bowls), spelled めおとぢゃわん, where 茶碗 alone is spelled ちゃわん (chawan). The みゅ myu kana is extremely rare in originally Japanese words; linguist <a href="/wiki/Haruhiko_Kindaichi" title="Haruhiko Kindaichi">Haruhiko Kindaichi</a> raises the example of the Japanese family name Omamyūda (小豆生田) and claims it is the only occurrence amongst pure Japanese words. Its <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> counterpart is used in many loanwords, however. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Obsolete_kana">Obsolete kana</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Obsolete kana" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)"><noscript><img alt="<?>" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/40px-Replacement_character.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/40px-Replacement_character.svg.png" data-alt="<?>" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/60px-Replacement_character.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/80px-Replacement_character.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains uncommon <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of the intended characters.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hentaigana" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polysyllabic_kana">Polysyllabic kana</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Polysyllabic kana" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kana_ligature" title="Kana ligature">Kana ligature</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="e_and_i">e and i</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: e and i" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On the row beginning with わ /wa/, the hiragana ゐ /wi/ and ゑ /we/ are both quasi-obsolete, only used in some names. They are usually respectively pronounced [i] and [e]. In modified Hepburn romanization, they are generally written i and e.<a href="#cite_note-ALA-LC-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="yi,_ye_and_wu">yi, ye and wu</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: yi, ye and wu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="yi">yi</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: yi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yi_(kana)" title="Yi (kana)">Yi (kana)</a></div> It has not been demonstrated whether the mora /ji/ existed in old Japanese. Though ye did appear in some textbooks during the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji period</a> along with another kana for yi in the form of cursive 以. Today it is considered a <a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a> by scholars and is encoded in Unicode 10<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1274892737">.mw-parser-output .hentaigana{font-family:"Noto Serif Hentaigana","BabelStone Han","UniHentaiKana","IPAmj明朝","花園明朝A",HanaMinA,HanaMinB,"和田研中丸ゴシック2004絵文字","WadaLabChuMaruGo2004Emoji","和田研細丸ゴシック2004絵文字","WadaLabMaruGo2004Emoji",mincho,serif}</style>𛀆) <a href="#cite_note-Walter_&_Walter_1998-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harvest_in_Izu-15">[14]</a> This kana could have a colloquial use, to convert the combo yui (ゆい) into yii (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1274892737">𛀆い), due to other Japanese words having a similar change.<a href="#cite_note-Proposal_to_Encode_Missing_Japanese_Kana-16">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ye">ye</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: ye" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ye_(kana)" title="Ye (kana)">Ye (kana)</a></div> An early, now obsolete, hiragana-esque form of ye may have existed (<a href="/wiki/%F0%9B%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="𛀁"><big style="color:#808080">𛀁</big></a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[je]</a><a href="#cite_note-Unicode_Kana_Supplement-17">[16]</a>) in pre-Classical Japanese (prior to the advent of <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a>), but is generally represented for purposes of reconstruction by the kanji 江, and its hiragana form is not present in any known orthography. In modern orthography, ye can also be written as いぇ (イェ in <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a>). <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>衣 </th> <th>江 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Hiragana </td> <td>え </td> <td>𛀁 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Katakana </td> <td>𛀀 </td> <td>エ </td></tr></tbody></table> While hiragana and katakana letters for "ye" were used for a short period after the advent of kana, the distinction between /ye/ and /e/ disappeared before glyphs could become established. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="wu">wu</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: wu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wu_(kana)" title="Wu (kana)">Wu (kana)</a></div> It has not been demonstrated whether the mora /wu/ existed in old Japanese. However, hiragana wu also appeared in different Meiji-era textbooks (<a href="/wiki/File:Hiragana_WU_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hiragana_WU_2.svg/29px-Hiragana_WU_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="29" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="469"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 29px;height: 29px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hiragana_WU_2.svg/29px-Hiragana_WU_2.svg.png" data-width="29" data-height="29" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hiragana_WU_2.svg/44px-Hiragana_WU_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hiragana_WU_2.svg/58px-Hiragana_WU_2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>).<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Although there are several possible source kanji, it is likely to have been derived from a cursive form of the man'yōgana 汙, although a related variant sometimes listed (<a href="/wiki/File:%E7%B4%86_kana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%E7%B4%86_kana.svg/29px-%E7%B4%86_kana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="29" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="469"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 29px;height: 29px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%E7%B4%86_kana.svg/29px-%E7%B4%86_kana.svg.png" data-width="29" data-height="29" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%E7%B4%86_kana.svg/44px-%E7%B4%86_kana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%E7%B4%86_kana.svg/58px-%E7%B4%86_kana.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>) is from a cursive form of 紆.<a href="#cite_note-hirakanagenji-20">[19]</a> However, it was never commonly used.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> This character is included in Unicode 14 as HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC WU (𛄟).<a href="#cite_note-Proposal_to_Encode_Missing_Japanese_Kana-16">[15]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Japanese#Sources_and_dating" title="Old Japanese">Old Japanese § Sources and dating</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Origin_of_Hiragana_.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Origin_of_Hiragana_.png/220px-Origin_of_Hiragana_.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1083"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 214px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Origin_of_Hiragana_.png/220px-Origin_of_Hiragana_.png" data-width="220" data-height="214" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Origin_of_Hiragana_.png/330px-Origin_of_Hiragana_.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Origin_of_Hiragana_.png/440px-Origin_of_Hiragana_.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Hiragana originated as simplified forms of similar-sounding Chinese characters.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treatise_on_calligraphy_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Treatise_on_calligraphy_1.png/220px-Treatise_on_calligraphy_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="997"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 364px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Treatise_on_calligraphy_1.png/220px-Treatise_on_calligraphy_1.png" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="364" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Treatise_on_calligraphy_1.png/330px-Treatise_on_calligraphy_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Treatise_on_calligraphy_1.png/440px-Treatise_on_calligraphy_1.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Hiragana character shapes were derived from Chinese <a href="/wiki/Cursive_script_(East_Asia)" title="Cursive script (East Asia)">cursive script</a> (sōsho). Shown here is a sample of cursive script by 7th century calligrapher <a href="/wiki/Sun_Guoting" title="Sun Guoting">Sun Guoting</a>. Note the character 為 (wei), indicated by the red arrow, closely resembles the hiragana character ゐ (wi). </figcaption></figure> Hiragana developed from <a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">man'yōgana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> characters used for their pronunciations, a practice that started in the 5th century.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> The oldest examples of Man'yōgana include the <a href="/wiki/Inariyama_Sword" title="Inariyama Sword">Inariyama Sword</a>, an iron sword excavated at the Inariyama Kofun. This sword is thought to be made in the year 辛亥年 (most commonly taken to be C.E. 471).<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> The forms of the hiragana originate from the <a href="/wiki/Cursive_script_(East_Asia)" title="Cursive script (East Asia)">cursive script</a> style of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese calligraphy</a>. The table to the right shows the derivation of hiragana from manyōgana via cursive script. The upper part shows the character in the <a href="/wiki/Regular_script" title="Regular script">regular script</a> form, the center character in red shows the cursive script form of the character, and the bottom shows the equivalent hiragana. The cursive script forms are not strictly confined to those in the illustration. When it was first developed, hiragana was not accepted by everyone. The educated or elites preferred to use only the kanji system. Historically, in Japan, the regular script (kaisho) form of the characters was used by men and called otokode (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%89%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:男手">男手</a>), "men's writing", while the cursive script (sōsho) form of the kanji was used by women. Hence hiragana first gained popularity among women, who were generally not allowed access to the same levels of education as men, thus hiragana was first widely used among court women in the writing of personal communications and literature.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> From this comes the alternative name of onnade (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%89%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:女手">女手</a>) "women's writing".<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> For example, <a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Genji" title="The Tale of Genji">The Tale of Genji</a> and other early novels by female authors used hiragana extensively or exclusively. Even today, hiragana is felt to have a feminine quality.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Male authors came to write literature using hiragana. Hiragana was used for unofficial writing such as personal letters, while katakana and kanji were used for official documents. In modern times, the usage of hiragana has become mixed with <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> writing. Katakana is now relegated to special uses such as recently borrowed words (i.e., since the 19th century), names in <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a>, the names of animals, in telegrams, and for emphasis. Originally, for all syllables there was more than one possible hiragana. In 1900, the system was simplified so each syllable had only one hiragana. The deprecated hiragana are now known as <a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">hentaigana</a> (変体仮名). The <a href="/wiki/Pangram" title="Pangram">pangram</a> poem <a href="/wiki/Iroha" title="Iroha">Iroha</a>-uta ("ABC song/poem"), which dates to the 10th century, uses every hiragana once (except n ん, which was just a variant of む before the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Muromachi era">Muromachi era</a>). </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Stroke_order_and_direction">Stroke order and direction</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Stroke order and direction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> The following table shows the method for writing each hiragana character. The table is arranged in a traditional manner, beginning top right and reading columns down. The numbers and arrows indicate the <a href="/wiki/Stroke_order" title="Stroke order">stroke order</a> and direction respectively. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Table_hiragana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Table_hiragana.svg/768px-Table_hiragana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="768" height="464" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="464"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 768px;height: 464px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Table_hiragana.svg/768px-Table_hiragana.svg.png" data-width="768" data-height="464" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Table_hiragana.svg/1152px-Table_hiragana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Table_hiragana.svg/1536px-Table_hiragana.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Unicode" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hiragana_(Unicode_block)" title="Hiragana (Unicode block)">Hiragana (Unicode block)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kana_Supplement" title="Kana Supplement">Kana Supplement (Unicode block)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kana_Extended-A" title="Kana Extended-A">Kana Extended-A (Unicode block)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kana_Extended-B" title="Kana Extended-B">Kana Extended-B (Unicode block)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Small_Kana_Extension" title="Small Kana Extension">Small Kana Extension (Unicode block)</a></div> Hiragana was added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in October, 1991 with the release of version 1.0. The Unicode block for Hiragana is U+3040–U+309F: <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><a href="/wiki/Hiragana_(Unicode_block)" title="Hiragana (Unicode block)">Hiragana</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_U3040_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U3040_grey">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3040.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+304x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+3041: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL A">ぁ </td> <td title="U+3042: HIRAGANA LETTER A">あ </td> <td title="U+3043: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL I">ぃ </td> <td title="U+3044: HIRAGANA LETTER I">い </td> <td title="U+3045: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL U">ぅ </td> <td title="U+3046: HIRAGANA LETTER U">う </td> <td title="U+3047: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL E">ぇ </td> <td title="U+3048: HIRAGANA LETTER E">え </td> <td title="U+3049: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL O">ぉ </td> <td title="U+304A: HIRAGANA LETTER O">お </td> <td title="U+304B: HIRAGANA LETTER KA">か </td> <td title="U+304C: HIRAGANA LETTER GA">が </td> <td title="U+304D: HIRAGANA LETTER KI">き </td> <td title="U+304E: HIRAGANA LETTER GI">ぎ </td> <td title="U+304F: HIRAGANA LETTER KU">く </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+305x </td> <td title="U+3050: HIRAGANA LETTER GU">ぐ </td> <td title="U+3051: HIRAGANA LETTER KE">け </td> <td title="U+3052: HIRAGANA LETTER GE">げ </td> <td title="U+3053: HIRAGANA LETTER KO">こ </td> <td title="U+3054: HIRAGANA LETTER GO">ご </td> <td title="U+3055: HIRAGANA LETTER SA">さ </td> <td title="U+3056: HIRAGANA LETTER ZA">ざ </td> <td title="U+3057: HIRAGANA LETTER SI">し </td> <td title="U+3058: HIRAGANA LETTER ZI">じ </td> <td title="U+3059: HIRAGANA LETTER SU">す </td> <td title="U+305A: HIRAGANA LETTER ZU">ず </td> <td title="U+305B: HIRAGANA LETTER SE">せ </td> <td title="U+305C: HIRAGANA LETTER ZE">ぜ </td> <td title="U+305D: HIRAGANA LETTER SO">そ </td> <td title="U+305E: HIRAGANA LETTER ZO">ぞ </td> <td title="U+305F: HIRAGANA LETTER TA">た </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+306x </td> <td title="U+3060: HIRAGANA LETTER DA">だ </td> <td title="U+3061: HIRAGANA LETTER TI">ち </td> <td title="U+3062: HIRAGANA LETTER DI">ぢ </td> <td title="U+3063: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL TU">っ </td> <td title="U+3064: HIRAGANA LETTER TU">つ </td> <td title="U+3065: HIRAGANA LETTER DU">づ </td> <td title="U+3066: HIRAGANA LETTER TE">て </td> <td title="U+3067: HIRAGANA LETTER DE">で </td> <td title="U+3068: HIRAGANA LETTER TO">と </td> <td title="U+3069: HIRAGANA LETTER DO">ど </td> <td title="U+306A: HIRAGANA LETTER NA">な </td> <td title="U+306B: HIRAGANA LETTER NI">に </td> <td title="U+306C: HIRAGANA LETTER NU">ぬ </td> <td title="U+306D: HIRAGANA LETTER NE">ね </td> <td title="U+306E: HIRAGANA LETTER NO">の </td> <td title="U+306F: HIRAGANA LETTER HA">は </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+307x </td> <td title="U+3070: HIRAGANA LETTER BA">ば </td> <td title="U+3071: HIRAGANA LETTER PA">ぱ </td> <td title="U+3072: HIRAGANA LETTER HI">ひ </td> <td title="U+3073: HIRAGANA LETTER BI">び </td> <td title="U+3074: HIRAGANA LETTER PI">ぴ </td> <td title="U+3075: HIRAGANA LETTER HU">ふ </td> <td title="U+3076: HIRAGANA LETTER BU">ぶ </td> <td title="U+3077: HIRAGANA LETTER PU">ぷ </td> <td title="U+3078: HIRAGANA LETTER HE">へ </td> <td title="U+3079: HIRAGANA LETTER BE">べ </td> <td title="U+307A: HIRAGANA LETTER PE">ぺ </td> <td title="U+307B: HIRAGANA LETTER HO">ほ </td> <td title="U+307C: HIRAGANA LETTER BO">ぼ </td> <td title="U+307D: HIRAGANA LETTER PO">ぽ </td> <td title="U+307E: HIRAGANA LETTER MA">ま </td> <td title="U+307F: HIRAGANA LETTER MI">み </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+308x </td> <td title="U+3080: HIRAGANA LETTER MU">む </td> <td title="U+3081: HIRAGANA LETTER ME">め </td> <td title="U+3082: HIRAGANA LETTER MO">も </td> <td title="U+3083: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YA">ゃ </td> <td title="U+3084: HIRAGANA LETTER YA">や </td> <td title="U+3085: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YU">ゅ </td> <td title="U+3086: HIRAGANA LETTER YU">ゆ </td> <td title="U+3087: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YO">ょ </td> <td title="U+3088: HIRAGANA LETTER YO">よ </td> <td title="U+3089: HIRAGANA LETTER RA">ら </td> <td title="U+308A: HIRAGANA LETTER RI">り </td> <td title="U+308B: HIRAGANA LETTER RU">る </td> <td title="U+308C: HIRAGANA LETTER RE">れ </td> <td title="U+308D: HIRAGANA LETTER RO">ろ </td> <td title="U+308E: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WA">ゎ </td> <td title="U+308F: HIRAGANA LETTER WA">わ </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+309x </td> <td title="U+3090: HIRAGANA LETTER WI">ゐ </td> <td title="U+3091: HIRAGANA LETTER WE">ゑ </td> <td title="U+3092: HIRAGANA LETTER WO">を </td> <td title="U+3093: HIRAGANA LETTER N">ん </td> <td title="U+3094: HIRAGANA LETTER VU">ゔ </td> <td title="U+3095: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL KA">ゕ </td> <td title="U+3096: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL KE">ゖ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+3099: COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK">゙ </td> <td title="U+309A: COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK">゚ </td> <td title="U+309B: KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK">゛ </td> <td title="U+309C: KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK">゜ </td> <td title="U+309D: HIRAGANA ITERATION MARK">ゝ </td> <td title="U+309E: HIRAGANA VOICED ITERATION MARK">ゞ </td> <td title="U+309F: HIRAGANA DIGRAPH YORI">ゟ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left">Notes <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U3040_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U3040_grey">^</a> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> The Unicode hiragana block contains precomposed characters for all hiragana in the modern set, including small vowels and yōon kana for compound syllables as well as the rare ゐ wi and ゑ we; the archaic 𛀁 ye is included in <a href="/wiki/Plane_(Unicode)#Supplementary_Multilingual_Plane" title="Plane (Unicode)">plane 1</a> at U+1B001 (see below). All combinations of hiragana with dakuten and handakuten used in modern Japanese are available as precomposed characters (including the rare ゔ vu), and can also be produced by using a base hiragana followed by the combining dakuten and handakuten characters (U+3099 and U+309A, respectively). This method is used to add the diacritics to kana that are not normally used with them, for example applying the dakuten to a pure vowel or the handakuten to a kana not in the h-group. Characters U+3095 and U+3096 are small か (ka) and small け (ke), respectively. U+309F is a ligature of <a href="/wiki/Yori_(kana)" title="Yori (kana)">より</a> (yori) occasionally used in vertical text. U+309B and U+309C are spacing (non-combining) equivalents to the combining dakuten and handakuten characters, respectively. Historic and variant forms of Japanese kana characters were first added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in October, 2010 with the release of version 6.0, with significantly more added in 2017 as part of Unicode 10. The Unicode block for Kana Supplement is U+1B000–U+1B0FF, and is immediately followed by the Kana Extended-A block (U+1B100–U+1B12F). These blocks include mainly <a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">hentaigana</a> (historic or variant hiragana): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266220334">.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart tr:not([lang|=en]):not([lang|=mul]) td:not([lang|=en]):not([lang|=mul]){font-family:"Yu Gothic UI","Yu Gothic","IPAmjMincho","BabelStone Han","Hanazono Mincho A","HanaMinA","Noto Serif Hentaigana","Sukima Gothic","Nishiki-teki",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart{border-collapse:collapse;background-color:#fff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);font-size:large;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart th{background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart tr:nth-child(2) th{width:20pt}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart tr:last-child th{text-align:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#000)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart th{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#000)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart th{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}}</style> <table class="wikitable nounderlines UnicodeKanaSupplementChart"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="17" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Kana_Supplement" title="Kana Supplement">Kana Supplement</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U1B000_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B000.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </th></tr> <tr lang="mul"> <th style="width:45pt"> </th> <th>0</th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9</th> <th>A</th> <th>B</th> <th>C</th> <th>D</th> <th>E</th> <th>F </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B00x </th> <td title="U+1B000: KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC E">𛀀 </td> <td title="U+1B001: HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC YE (alias HENTAIGANA LETTER E-1)">𛀁 </td> <td title="U+1B002: HENTAIGANA LETTER A-1">𛀂 </td> <td title="U+1B003: HENTAIGANA LETTER A-2">𛀃 </td> <td title="U+1B004: HENTAIGANA LETTER A-3">𛀄 </td> <td title="U+1B005: HENTAIGANA LETTER A-WO">𛀅 </td> <td title="U+1B006: HENTAIGANA LETTER I-1">𛀆 </td> <td title="U+1B007: HENTAIGANA LETTER I-2">𛀇 </td> <td title="U+1B008: HENTAIGANA LETTER I-3">𛀈 </td> <td title="U+1B009: HENTAIGANA LETTER I-4">𛀉 </td> <td title="U+1B00A: HENTAIGANA LETTER U-1">𛀊 </td> <td title="U+1B00B: HENTAIGANA LETTER U-2">𛀋 </td> <td title="U+1B00C: HENTAIGANA LETTER U-3">𛀌 </td> <td title="U+1B00D: HENTAIGANA LETTER U-4">𛀍 </td> <td title="U+1B00E: HENTAIGANA LETTER U-5">𛀎 </td> <td title="U+1B00F: HENTAIGANA LETTER E-2">𛀏 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B01x </th> <td title="U+1B010: HENTAIGANA LETTER E-3">𛀐 </td> <td title="U+1B011: HENTAIGANA LETTER E-4">𛀑 </td> <td title="U+1B012: HENTAIGANA LETTER E-5">𛀒 </td> <td title="U+1B013: HENTAIGANA LETTER E-6">𛀓 </td> <td title="U+1B014: HENTAIGANA LETTER O-1">𛀔 </td> <td title="U+1B015: HENTAIGANA LETTER O-2">𛀕 </td> <td title="U+1B016: HENTAIGANA LETTER O-3">𛀖 </td> <td title="U+1B017: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-1">𛀗 </td> <td title="U+1B018: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-2">𛀘 </td> <td title="U+1B019: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-3">𛀙 </td> <td title="U+1B01A: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-4">𛀚 </td> <td title="U+1B01B: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-5">𛀛 </td> <td title="U+1B01C: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-6">𛀜 </td> <td title="U+1B01D: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-7">𛀝 </td> <td title="U+1B01E: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-8">𛀞 </td> <td title="U+1B01F: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-9">𛀟 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B02x </th> <td title="U+1B020: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-10">𛀠 </td> <td title="U+1B021: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-11">𛀡 </td> <td title="U+1B022: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-KE">𛀢 </td> <td title="U+1B023: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-1">𛀣 </td> <td title="U+1B024: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-2">𛀤 </td> <td title="U+1B025: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-3">𛀥 </td> <td title="U+1B026: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-4">𛀦 </td> <td title="U+1B027: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-5">𛀧 </td> <td title="U+1B028: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-6">𛀨 </td> <td title="U+1B029: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-7">𛀩 </td> <td title="U+1B02A: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-8">𛀪 </td> <td title="U+1B02B: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-1">𛀫 </td> <td title="U+1B02C: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-2">𛀬 </td> <td title="U+1B02D: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-3">𛀭 </td> <td title="U+1B02E: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-4">𛀮 </td> <td title="U+1B02F: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-5">𛀯 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B03x </th> <td title="U+1B030: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-6">𛀰 </td> <td title="U+1B031: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-7">𛀱 </td> <td title="U+1B032: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-1">𛀲 </td> <td title="U+1B033: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-2">𛀳 </td> <td title="U+1B034: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-3">𛀴 </td> <td title="U+1B035: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-4">𛀵 </td> <td title="U+1B036: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-5">𛀶 </td> <td title="U+1B037: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-6">𛀷 </td> <td title="U+1B038: HENTAIGANA LETTER KO-1">𛀸 </td> <td title="U+1B039: HENTAIGANA LETTER KO-2">𛀹 </td> <td title="U+1B03A: HENTAIGANA LETTER KO-3">𛀺 </td> <td title="U+1B03B: HENTAIGANA LETTER KO-KI">𛀻 </td> <td title="U+1B03C: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-1">𛀼 </td> <td title="U+1B03D: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-2">𛀽 </td> <td title="U+1B03E: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-3">𛀾 </td> <td title="U+1B03F: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-4">𛀿 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B04x </th> <td title="U+1B040: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-5">𛁀 </td> <td title="U+1B041: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-6">𛁁 </td> <td title="U+1B042: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-7">𛁂 </td> <td title="U+1B043: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-8">𛁃 </td> <td title="U+1B044: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-1">𛁄 </td> <td title="U+1B045: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-2">𛁅 </td> <td title="U+1B046: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-3">𛁆 </td> <td title="U+1B047: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-4">𛁇 </td> <td title="U+1B048: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-5">𛁈 </td> <td title="U+1B049: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-6">𛁉 </td> <td title="U+1B04A: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-1">𛁊 </td> <td title="U+1B04B: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-2">𛁋 </td> <td title="U+1B04C: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-3">𛁌 </td> <td title="U+1B04D: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-4">𛁍 </td> <td title="U+1B04E: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-5">𛁎 </td> <td title="U+1B04F: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-6">𛁏 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B05x </th> <td title="U+1B050: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-7">𛁐 </td> <td title="U+1B051: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-8">𛁑 </td> <td title="U+1B052: HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-1">𛁒 </td> <td title="U+1B053: HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-2">𛁓 </td> <td title="U+1B054: HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-3">𛁔 </td> <td title="U+1B055: HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-4">𛁕 </td> <td title="U+1B056: HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-5">𛁖 </td> <td title="U+1B057: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-1">𛁗 </td> <td title="U+1B058: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-2">𛁘 </td> <td title="U+1B059: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-3">𛁙 </td> <td title="U+1B05A: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-4">𛁚 </td> <td title="U+1B05B: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-5">𛁛 </td> <td title="U+1B05C: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-6">𛁜 </td> <td title="U+1B05D: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-7">𛁝 </td> <td title="U+1B05E: HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-1">𛁞 </td> <td title="U+1B05F: HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-2">𛁟 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B06x </th> <td title="U+1B060: HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-3">𛁠 </td> <td title="U+1B061: HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-4">𛁡 </td> <td title="U+1B062: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-1">𛁢 </td> <td title="U+1B063: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-2">𛁣 </td> <td title="U+1B064: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-3">𛁤 </td> <td title="U+1B065: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-4">𛁥 </td> <td title="U+1B066: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-5">𛁦 </td> <td title="U+1B067: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-6">𛁧 </td> <td title="U+1B068: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-7">𛁨 </td> <td title="U+1B069: HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-1">𛁩 </td> <td title="U+1B06A: HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-2">𛁪 </td> <td title="U+1B06B: HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-3">𛁫 </td> <td title="U+1B06C: HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-4">𛁬 </td> <td title="U+1B06D: HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-TO">𛁭 </td> <td title="U+1B06E: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-1">𛁮 </td> <td title="U+1B06F: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-2">𛁯 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B07x </th> <td title="U+1B070: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-3">𛁰 </td> <td title="U+1B071: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-4">𛁱 </td> <td title="U+1B072: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-5">𛁲 </td> <td title="U+1B073: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-6">𛁳 </td> <td title="U+1B074: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-7">𛁴 </td> <td title="U+1B075: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-8">𛁵 </td> <td title="U+1B076: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-9">𛁶 </td> <td title="U+1B077: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-1">𛁷 </td> <td title="U+1B078: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-2">𛁸 </td> <td title="U+1B079: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-3">𛁹 </td> <td title="U+1B07A: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-4">𛁺 </td> <td title="U+1B07B: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-5">𛁻 </td> <td title="U+1B07C: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-6">𛁼 </td> <td title="U+1B07D: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-RA">𛁽 </td> <td title="U+1B07E: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-1">𛁾 </td> <td title="U+1B07F: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-2">𛁿 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B08x </th> <td title="U+1B080: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-3">𛂀 </td> <td title="U+1B081: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-4">𛂁 </td> <td title="U+1B082: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-5">𛂂 </td> <td title="U+1B083: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-6">𛂃 </td> <td title="U+1B084: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-7">𛂄 </td> <td title="U+1B085: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-8">𛂅 </td> <td title="U+1B086: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-9">𛂆 </td> <td title="U+1B087: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-1">𛂇 </td> <td title="U+1B088: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-2">𛂈 </td> <td title="U+1B089: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-3">𛂉 </td> <td title="U+1B08A: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-4">𛂊 </td> <td title="U+1B08B: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-5">𛂋 </td> <td title="U+1B08C: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-6">𛂌 </td> <td title="U+1B08D: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-7">𛂍 </td> <td title="U+1B08E: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-TE">𛂎 </td> <td title="U+1B08F: HENTAIGANA LETTER NU-1">𛂏 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B09x </th> <td title="U+1B090: HENTAIGANA LETTER NU-2">𛂐 </td> <td title="U+1B091: HENTAIGANA LETTER NU-3">𛂑 </td> <td title="U+1B092: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-1">𛂒 </td> <td title="U+1B093: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-2">𛂓 </td> <td title="U+1B094: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-3">𛂔 </td> <td title="U+1B095: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-4">𛂕 </td> <td title="U+1B096: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-5">𛂖 </td> <td title="U+1B097: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-6">𛂗 </td> <td title="U+1B098: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-KO">𛂘 </td> <td title="U+1B099: HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-1">𛂙 </td> <td title="U+1B09A: HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-2">𛂚 </td> <td title="U+1B09B: HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-3">𛂛 </td> <td title="U+1B09C: HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-4">𛂜 </td> <td title="U+1B09D: HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-5">𛂝 </td> <td title="U+1B09E: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-1">𛂞 </td> <td title="U+1B09F: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-2">𛂟 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B0Ax </th> <td title="U+1B0A0: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-3">𛂠 </td> <td title="U+1B0A1: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-4">𛂡 </td> <td title="U+1B0A2: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-5">𛂢 </td> <td title="U+1B0A3: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-6">𛂣 </td> <td title="U+1B0A4: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-7">𛂤 </td> <td title="U+1B0A5: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-8">𛂥 </td> <td title="U+1B0A6: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-9">𛂦 </td> <td title="U+1B0A7: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-10">𛂧 </td> <td title="U+1B0A8: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-11">𛂨 </td> <td title="U+1B0A9: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-1">𛂩 </td> <td title="U+1B0AA: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-2">𛂪 </td> <td title="U+1B0AB: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-3">𛂫 </td> <td title="U+1B0AC: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-4">𛂬 </td> <td title="U+1B0AD: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-5">𛂭 </td> <td title="U+1B0AE: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-6">𛂮 </td> <td title="U+1B0AF: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-7">𛂯 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B0Bx </th> <td title="U+1B0B0: HENTAIGANA LETTER HU-1">𛂰 </td> <td title="U+1B0B1: HENTAIGANA LETTER HU-2">𛂱 </td> <td title="U+1B0B2: HENTAIGANA LETTER HU-3">𛂲 </td> <td title="U+1B0B3: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-1">𛂳 </td> <td title="U+1B0B4: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-2">𛂴 </td> <td title="U+1B0B5: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-3">𛂵 </td> <td title="U+1B0B6: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-4">𛂶 </td> <td title="U+1B0B7: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-5">𛂷 </td> <td title="U+1B0B8: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-6">𛂸 </td> <td title="U+1B0B9: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-7">𛂹 </td> <td title="U+1B0BA: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-1">𛂺 </td> <td title="U+1B0BB: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-2">𛂻 </td> <td title="U+1B0BC: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-3">𛂼 </td> <td title="U+1B0BD: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-4">𛂽 </td> <td title="U+1B0BE: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-5">𛂾 </td> <td title="U+1B0BF: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-6">𛂿 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B0Cx </th> <td title="U+1B0C0: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-7">𛃀 </td> <td title="U+1B0C1: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-8">𛃁 </td> <td title="U+1B0C2: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-1">𛃂 </td> <td title="U+1B0C3: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-2">𛃃 </td> <td title="U+1B0C4: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-3">𛃄 </td> <td title="U+1B0C5: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-4">𛃅 </td> <td title="U+1B0C6: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-5">𛃆 </td> <td title="U+1B0C7: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-6">𛃇 </td> <td title="U+1B0C8: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-7">𛃈 </td> <td title="U+1B0C9: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-1">𛃉 </td> <td title="U+1B0CA: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-2">𛃊 </td> <td title="U+1B0CB: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-3">𛃋 </td> <td title="U+1B0CC: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-4">𛃌 </td> <td title="U+1B0CD: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-5">𛃍 </td> <td title="U+1B0CE: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-6">𛃎 </td> <td title="U+1B0CF: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-7">𛃏 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B0Dx </th> <td title="U+1B0D0: HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-1">𛃐 </td> <td title="U+1B0D1: HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-2">𛃑 </td> <td title="U+1B0D2: HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-3">𛃒 </td> <td title="U+1B0D3: HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-4">𛃓 </td> <td title="U+1B0D4: HENTAIGANA LETTER ME-1">𛃔 </td> <td title="U+1B0D5: HENTAIGANA LETTER ME-2">𛃕 </td> <td title="U+1B0D6: HENTAIGANA LETTER ME-MA">𛃖 </td> <td title="U+1B0D7: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-1">𛃗 </td> <td title="U+1B0D8: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-2">𛃘 </td> <td title="U+1B0D9: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-3">𛃙 </td> <td title="U+1B0DA: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-4">𛃚 </td> <td title="U+1B0DB: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-5">𛃛 </td> <td title="U+1B0DC: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-6">𛃜 </td> <td title="U+1B0DD: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-1">𛃝 </td> <td title="U+1B0DE: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-2">𛃞 </td> <td title="U+1B0DF: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-3">𛃟 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B0Ex </th> <td title="U+1B0E0: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-4">𛃠 </td> <td title="U+1B0E1: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-5">𛃡 </td> <td title="U+1B0E2: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-YO">𛃢 </td> <td title="U+1B0E3: HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-1">𛃣 </td> <td title="U+1B0E4: HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-2">𛃤 </td> <td title="U+1B0E5: HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-3">𛃥 </td> <td title="U+1B0E6: HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-4">𛃦 </td> <td title="U+1B0E7: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-1">𛃧 </td> <td title="U+1B0E8: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-2">𛃨 </td> <td title="U+1B0E9: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-3">𛃩 </td> <td title="U+1B0EA: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-4">𛃪 </td> <td title="U+1B0EB: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-5">𛃫 </td> <td title="U+1B0EC: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-6">𛃬 </td> <td title="U+1B0ED: HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-1">𛃭 </td> <td title="U+1B0EE: HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-2">𛃮 </td> <td title="U+1B0EF: HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-3">𛃯 </td></tr> <tr> <th lang="mul">U+1B0Fx </th> <td title="U+1B0F0: HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-4">𛃰 </td> <td title="U+1B0F1: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-1">𛃱 </td> <td title="U+1B0F2: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-2">𛃲 </td> <td title="U+1B0F3: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-3">𛃳 </td> <td title="U+1B0F4: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-4">𛃴 </td> <td title="U+1B0F5: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-5">𛃵 </td> <td title="U+1B0F6: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-6">𛃶 </td> <td title="U+1B0F7: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-7">𛃷 </td> <td title="U+1B0F8: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-1">𛃸 </td> <td title="U+1B0F9: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-2">𛃹 </td> <td title="U+1B0FA: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-3">𛃺 </td> <td title="U+1B0FB: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-4">𛃻 </td> <td title="U+1B0FC: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-5">𛃼 </td> <td title="U+1B0FD: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-6">𛃽 </td> <td title="U+1B0FE: HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-1">𛃾 </td> <td title="U+1B0FF: HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-2">𛃿 </td></tr> <tr lang="en"> <th colspan="17">Notes <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U1B000_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd></dl> </th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266223109">.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart tr:not([lang|=en]):not([lang|=mul]) td:not([lang|=en]):not([lang|=mul]){font-family:"IPAmjMincho","BabelStone Han","Hanazono Mincho A","HanaMinA","Noto Serif Hentaigana","Sukima Gothic","Nishiki-teki","Faulmann Font",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart{border-collapse:collapse;background-color:#fff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);font-size:large;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart th{background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart tr:nth-child(2) th{width:20pt}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart tr:last-child th{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart .reserved{background-color:#CCCCCC}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#000)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart th{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#000)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart th{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}}</style> <table class="wikitable nounderlines UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="17" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Kana_Extended-A" title="Kana Extended-A">Kana Extended-A</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U1B100_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U1B100_grey">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B100.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </th></tr> <tr lang="mul"> <th style="width:45pt"> </th> <th>0</th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9</th> <th>A</th> <th>B</th> <th>C</th> <th>D</th> <th>E</th> <th>F </th></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <th lang="mul">U+1B10x </th> <td title="U+1B100: HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-3">𛄀 </td> <td title="U+1B101: HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-4">𛄁 </td> <td title="U+1B102: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-1">𛄂 </td> <td title="U+1B103: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-2">𛄃 </td> <td title="U+1B104: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-3">𛄄 </td> <td title="U+1B105: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-4">𛄅 </td> <td title="U+1B106: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-5">𛄆 </td> <td title="U+1B107: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-6">𛄇 </td> <td title="U+1B108: HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-1">𛄈 </td> <td title="U+1B109: HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-2">𛄉 </td> <td title="U+1B10A: HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-3">𛄊 </td> <td title="U+1B10B: HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-4">𛄋 </td> <td title="U+1B10C: HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-5">𛄌 </td> <td title="U+1B10D: HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-1">𛄍 </td> <td title="U+1B10E: HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-2">𛄎 </td> <td title="U+1B10F: HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-3">𛄏 </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <th lang="mul">U+1B11x </th> <td title="U+1B110: HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-4">𛄐 </td> <td title="U+1B111: HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-5">𛄑 </td> <td title="U+1B112: HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-1">𛄒 </td> <td title="U+1B113: HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-2">𛄓 </td> <td title="U+1B114: HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-3">𛄔 </td> <td title="U+1B115: HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-4">𛄕 </td> <td title="U+1B116: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-1">𛄖 </td> <td title="U+1B117: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-2">𛄗 </td> <td title="U+1B118: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-3">𛄘 </td> <td title="U+1B119: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-4">𛄙 </td> <td title="U+1B11A: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-5">𛄚 </td> <td title="U+1B11B: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-6">𛄛 </td> <td title="U+1B11C: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-7">𛄜 </td> <td title="U+1B11D: HENTAIGANA LETTER N-MU-MO-1">𛄝 </td> <td title="U+1B11E: HENTAIGANA LETTER N-MU-MO-2">𛄞 </td> <td title="U+1B11F: HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC WU">𛄟 </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <th lang="mul">U+1B12x </th> <td title="U+1B120: KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC YI">𛄠 </td> <td title="U+1B121: KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC YE">𛄡 </td> <td title="U+1B122: KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC WU">𛄢 </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td></tr> <tr lang="en"> <th colspan="17">Notes <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U1B100_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U1B100_grey">^</a> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </th></tr></tbody></table> The Unicode block for Kana Extended-B is U+1AFF0–U+1AFFF: <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;font-family:sans-serif,'FRBTaiwaneseKana','Nishiki-teki';text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><a href="/wiki/Kana_Extended-B" title="Kana Extended-B">Kana Extended-B</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U1AFF0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U1AFF0_grey">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1AFF0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1AFFx </td> <td title="U+1AFF0: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-2">𚿰 </td> <td title="U+1AFF1: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-3">𚿱 </td> <td title="U+1AFF2: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-4">𚿲 </td> <td title="U+1AFF3: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-5">𚿳 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+1AFF5: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-7">𚿵 </td> <td title="U+1AFF6: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-8">𚿶 </td> <td title="U+1AFF7: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-1">𚿷 </td> <td title="U+1AFF8: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-2">𚿸 </td> <td title="U+1AFF9: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-3">𚿹 </td> <td title="U+1AFFA: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-4">𚿺 </td> <td title="U+1AFFB: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-5">𚿻 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+1AFFD: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-7">𚿽 </td> <td title="U+1AFFE: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-8">𚿾 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left">Notes <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U1AFF0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U1AFF0_grey">^</a> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> The Unicode block for Small Kana Extension is U+1B130–U+1B16F: <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;font-family:sans-serif,'BabelStone Han','Nishiki-teki','FRBTaiwaneseKana';text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><a href="/wiki/Small_Kana_Extension" title="Small Kana Extension">Small Kana Extension</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U1B130_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U1B130_grey">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B130.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+1B13x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+1B132: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL KO">𛄲 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+1B14x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+1B15x </td> <td title="U+1B150: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WI">𛅐 </td> <td title="U+1B151: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WE">𛅑 </td> <td title="U+1B152: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WO">𛅒 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+1B155: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KO">𛅕 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+1B16x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+1B164: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WI">𛅤 </td> <td title="U+1B165: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WE">𛅥 </td> <td title="U+1B166: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WO">𛅦 </td> <td title="U+1B167: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL N">𛅧 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left">Notes <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U1B130_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U1B130_grey">^</a> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> In the following character sequences a kana from the /k/ row is modified by a handakuten combining mark to indicate that a syllable starts with an initial nasal, known as <a href="/wiki/Dakuten#Phonetic_shifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakuten">bidakuon</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:鼻濁音">ja</a>]. As of Unicode 16.0, these character combinations are explicitly called out as Named Sequences: <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <caption>Hiragana named sequences<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"> <th>Sequence name</th> <th colspan="2" style="width:20pt">Codepoints</th> <th style="width:20pt">Glyph </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:small;">HIRAGANA LETTER BIDAKUON NGA</td> <td style="font-size:small;">U+304B</td> <td style="font-size:small;">U+309A</td> <td>か゚ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:small;">HIRAGANA LETTER BIDAKUON NGI</td> <td style="font-size:small;">U+304D</td> <td style="font-size:small;">U+309A</td> <td>き゚ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:small;">HIRAGANA LETTER BIDAKUON NGU</td> <td style="font-size:small;">U+304F</td> <td style="font-size:small;">U+309A</td> <td>く゚ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:small;">HIRAGANA LETTER BIDAKUON NGE</td> <td style="font-size:small;">U+3051</td> <td style="font-size:small;">U+309A</td> <td>け゚ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:small;">HIRAGANA LETTER BIDAKUON NGO</td> <td style="font-size:small;">U+3053</td> <td style="font-size:small;">U+309A</td> <td>こ゚ </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a> (Zhùyīn fúhào, "phonetic symbols"), a phonetic system of 37 characters for writing Chinese developed in the 1900s and which is more common in Taiwan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteration_mark" title="Iteration mark">Iteration mark</a> explains the iteration marks used with hiragana.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a> explains Japanese pronunciation in detail.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_typographic_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese typographic symbols">Japanese typographic symbols</a> gives other non-kana, non-kanji symbols.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese writing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a>, a syllabary writing system used by women in China's <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> province</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shod%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Shodō">Shodō</a>, Japanese calligraphy.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daijirin.dual-d.net/extra/hiragana.html">Dual 大辞林</a> 「平」とは平凡な、やさしいという意で、当時普通に使用する文字体系であったことを意味する。漢字は書簡文や重要な文章などを書く場合に用いる公的な文字であるのに対して、平仮名は漢字の知識に乏しい人々などが用いる私的な性格のものであった。 Translation: 平 [the "hira" part of "hiragana"] means "ordinary, common" or "easy, simple" since at that time [the time that the name was given] it was a writing system for everyday use. While kanji was the official system used for letter-writing and important texts, hiragana was for personal use by people who had limited knowledge of kanji. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/Japanese-calligraphy#ref1049371">"Japanese calligraphy"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-06-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Japanese+calligraphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2FJapanese-calligraphy%23ref1049371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF山田_健三_(Yamada_Kenzō)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">山田健三 (Yamada Kenzō). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/21282/files/ShinshuStudiesinHumanities_7-2_13.pdf">"平安期神楽歌謡文献からみる「平仮名」の位置"</a> [The Position of "Hiragana" As Seen from Kagura Song References of the Heian Period] (PDF) (in Japanese). p. 239. Retrieved 2022-04-18. <q>「かたかな」の「かた」は単に「片方」という意味ではなく、本来あるべきものが欠落しているという評価形容語と解すべきことはよく知られているが（亀井孝1941）、(7)としてまとめた対立関係から考えると、「ひらがな」も同様に「かな」の「ひら」という評価位置に存在するものと考えられる。本国語大辞典「ひらがな」の説明は「ひら」を「角のない、通俗平易の意」とし、また「ひら」を前部要素とする複合語の形態素説明で、多くの辞書は「ひら」に「たいら」という意味を認める。しかし、辞書の意味説明が必ずしも原義説明を欲してはいないことを知りつつも、野暮を承知でいうならば、これは「ひら」の原義（中核的意味）説明としては適当ではない。「ひら」は、「枚」や擬態語「ひらひら」などと同根の情態言とでもいうべき形態素／ pira ／であり、その中核的意味は、物理的／精神的な「薄さ」を示し、「たいら」はそこからの派生義と思われる。となると、「ひらがな」に物理的「薄さ」（thinness）は当然求められないので、「ひら」とはより精神的な表現に傾き、「かたかな」同様、「かな」から見て、ワンランク下であることを示す、いささか差別的・蔑視的ニュアンスを含む表現であったということになる。</q> [The "kata" in "katakana" does not mean just "one side", and it is well known (Takashi Kamei 1941) that it should be interpreted as a valuation epithet stating that something that should be there is missing, and considering the oppositional relationship summarized in figure (7), the word "hiragana" can be thought of in a valuation position as the "hira" kind of "kana".The explanation of the term hiragana in the <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Kokugo_Daijiten" title="Nihon Kokugo Daijiten">Nihon Kokugo Daijiten</a> dictionary states that hira means "unangular, easy for common people", and descriptions of hira as a prefixing element in compounds as given in many dictionaries explain this hira as meaning "flat" (taira).However, knowing that dictionary explanations of meaning do not always drive for the original senses, if we are to be brash, we might point out that this is not a fitting explanation of the original sense (core meaning) of hira. Hira is morpheme /pira/, cognate with words like 枚 (hira, "slip of paper, cloth, or something else flat") or ひらひら (hirahira, "flutteringly"), and the core meaning indicates physical or emotional "thinness", and taira ("flat") appears to be a derived meaning therefrom. As such, we naturally cannot get physical "thinness" from hiragana, so the hira leans more towards an emotional expression, and much like for katakana, from the perspective of kana, it indicates a lower relative ranking [relative to the <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>], and the expression contains a slight nuance of discrimination or contempt.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%9F%E7%A5%9E%E6%A5%BD%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%BF%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8C%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE&rft.pages=239&rft.au=%E5%B1%B1%E7%94%B0+%E5%81%A5%E4%B8%89+%28Yamada+Kenz%C5%8D%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp%2Frecord%2F21282%2Ffiles%2FShinshuStudiesinHumanities_7-2_13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_BowringHaruko_Uryu_Laurie2004" class="citation book cs1">Richard Bowring; Haruko Uryu Laurie (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontomo01bowr">An Introduction to Modern Japanese: Book 1</a>. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontomo01bowr/page/n27">9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521548878" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521548878"><bdi>978-0521548878</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Modern+Japanese%3A+Book+1&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0521548878&rft.au=Richard+Bowring&rft.au=Haruko+Uryu+Laurie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontomo01bowr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2009" class="citation journal cs1">Liu, Xuexin (2009). "Japanese Simplification of Chinese Characters in Perspective". Southeast Review of Asian Studies. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeast+Review+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Japanese+Simplification+of+Chinese+Characters+in+Perspective&rft.volume=31&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Xuexin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-obsolete-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obsolete_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obsolete_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obsolete_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obsolete_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obsolete_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obsolete_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obsolete_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obsolete_6-7">h</a> See <a href="#Obsolete_kana">obsolete kana</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/syllabary/hiragana_english.pdf">"The Japanese Syllabaries (Hiragana)"</a> (PDF). NHK World.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NHK+World&rft.atitle=The+Japanese+Syllabaries+%28Hiragana%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhk.or.jp%2Flesson%2Fenglish%2Fsyllabary%2Fhiragana_english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024633/http://www.halcat.com/roomazi/doc/ansiz3911.html"><bdi lang="ja">■米国規格(ANSI Z39.11-1972)―要約</bdi></a>. halcat.com (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.halcat.com/roomazi/doc/ansiz3911.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=halcat.com&rft.atitle=%E2%96%A0%E7%B1%B3%E5%9B%BD%E8%A6%8F%E6%A0%BC%28ANSI+Z39.11-1972%29%E2%80%95%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%84&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.halcat.com%2Froomazi%2Fdoc%2Fansiz3911.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALA-LC-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ALA-LC_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ALA-LC_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/japanese.pdf">"ALA-LC Japanese Romanization Table"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230509160436/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/japanese.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-09. Retrieved 2023-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=ALA-LC+Japanese+Romanization+Table&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fjapanese.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary (Fourth ed.). <a href="/wiki/Kenky%C5%ABsha" title="Kenkyūsha">Kenkyūsha</a>. 1974.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kenkyusha%27s+New+Japanese-English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Kenky%C5%ABsha&rft.date=1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=geocities.jp&rft.atitle=%E4%BC%8A%E8%B1%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%8E%E7%A9%AB+%3A+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%AF%94%E9%A1%9E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8D%E5%A4%89%E4%BD%93%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.jp%2Fitikun01%2Fhibi%2Fzat2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Proposal_to_Encode_Missing_Japanese_Kana-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Proposal_to_Encode_Missing_Japanese_Kana_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Proposal_to_Encode_Missing_Japanese_Kana_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2020" class="citation web cs1">Gross, Abraham (2020-01-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19381-missing-kana.pdf">"Proposal to Encode Missing Japanese Kana"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+Encode+Missing+Japanese+Kana&rft.date=2020-01-05&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2019%2F19381-missing-kana.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unicode_Kana_Supplement-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_Kana_Supplement_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B000.pdf">"Unicode Kana Supplement"</a> (PDF). unicode.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unicode.org&rft.atitle=Unicode+Kana+Supplement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU1B000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glyphwiki.org/wiki/hiragana-wu">"Glyphwiki Hiraga Wu Reconstructed"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glyphwiki+Hiraga+Wu+Reconstructed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglyphwiki.org%2Fwiki%2Fhiragana-wu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/862200">"仮名遣"</a>. 1891.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%81%A3&rft.date=1891&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.ndl.go.jp%2Finfo%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F862200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hirakanagenji-20"><a href="#cite_ref-hirakanagenji_20-0">^</a> Iannacone, Jake (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kobunworld.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-5.html">"Reply to The Origin of Hiragana /wu/ 平仮名のわ行うの字源に対する新たな発見"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hvitumavar.blog.se/japanese-original-50-kana-yi-ye-wu/">"Japanese full 50 kana: yi, ye, wu"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+full+50+kana%3A+yi%2C+ye%2C+wu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhvitumavar.blog.se%2Fjapanese-original-50-kana-yi-ye-wu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Yookoso! An Invitation to Contemporary Japanese 1st edition McGraw-Hill, page 13 "Linguistic Note: The Origins of Hiragana and Katakana" </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Seeley (2000:19–23) </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_BowringHaruko_Uryu_Laurie2004" class="citation book cs1">Richard Bowring; Haruko Uryu Laurie (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontomo01bowr">An Introduction to Modern Japanese: Book 1</a>. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontomo01bowr/page/n26">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521548878" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521548878"><bdi>978-0521548878</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Modern+Japanese%3A+Book+1&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0521548878&rft.au=Richard+Bowring&rft.au=Haruko+Uryu+Laurie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontomo01bowr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatasaKazumi_HatasaSeiichi_Makino2010" class="citation book cs1">Hatasa, Yukiko Abe; Kazumi Hatasa; Seiichi Makino (2010). Nakama 1: Introductory Japanese: Communication, Culture, Context 2nd ed. Heinle. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0495798187" title="Special:BookSources/978-0495798187"><bdi>978-0495798187</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nakama+1%3A+Introductory+Japanese%3A+Communication%2C+Culture%2C+Context+2nd+ed.&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Heinle&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0495798187&rft.aulast=Hatasa&rft.aufirst=Yukiko+Abe&rft.au=Kazumi+Hatasa&rft.au=Seiichi+Makino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiragana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> p. 108. Kataoka, Kuniyoshi. 1997. "Affect and letter writing: unconventional conventions in casual writing by young Japanese women". Language in Society 26:103–136. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NamedSequences.txt">Unicode Named Character Sequences Database</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Yujiro Nakata, The Art of Japanese Calligraphy, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8348-1013-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8348-1013-1">0-8348-1013-1</a>, gives details of the development of onode and onnade.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> を is transliterated as o in <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Modified Hepburn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kunrei" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunrei">Kunrei</a> and as wo in Traditional Hepburn and <a href="/wiki/Nippon-shiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon-shiki">Nippon-shiki</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links" 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title="commons:Hiragana">Hiragana</a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hiragana" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hiragana">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hiragana" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hiragana">hiragana</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3040.pdf">Hiragana unicode chart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kanjikana.com/en/hiragana">Hiragana table with strokes animations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn-scripts.github.io/hiragana.html">Practice Hiragana</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&oldid=1275557786">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&oldid=1275557786</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 13 February 2025, at 19:02 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هيراغانا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيراغانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiraqana" title="Hiraqana – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hiraqana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="হিরাগানা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিরাগানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хірагана – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хірагана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хирагана – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хирагана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Χιραγκάνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χιραγκάνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondaj_kanaoj" title="Rondaj kanaoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rondaj kanaoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هیراگانا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیراگانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%9D%BC%EA%B0%80%EB%82%98" title="히라가나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히라가나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Հիրագանա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիրագանա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हिरागाना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिरागाना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="היראגאנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היראגאנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჰირაგანა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰირაგანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хирагана – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хирагана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8" title="ഹിരഗാന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിരഗാന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هيراجانا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيراجانا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ACng_G%C4%81-mi%C3%A0ng" title="Bìng Gā-miàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bìng Gā-miàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хирагана – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хирагана" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%82%E1%80%94" title="ဟိရဂန – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟိရဂန" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D" title="平仮名 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="平仮名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹੀਰਾਗਾਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੀਰਾਗਾਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6" title="ហ៊ីរ៉ាហ្កាណា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហ៊ីរ៉ាហ្កាណា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хирагана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хирагана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F" title="හිරගනා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හිරගනා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ھیراگانا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیراگانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хирагана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хирагана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(skriftsystem)#Hiragana" title="Kana (skriftsystem) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kana (skriftsystem)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹிரகனா எழுத்துக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹிரகனா எழுத்துக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0" title="ฮิรางานะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮิรางานะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хіраґана – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хіраґана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ہیراگانا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیراگانا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="平假名 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="平假名" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="平假名 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="平假名" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="平假名 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="平假名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="平假名 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="平假名" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huruf_Hiragana" title="Huruf Hiragana – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Huruf Hiragana" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 February 2025, at 19:02 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a 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