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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Portal</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Science</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikiversity</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><table role="presentation" style="width: 100%; background-color: transparent; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; border-spacing: 0; margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid #346"> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 2px solid #346; font-size: 110%; background-color: #CDF; border-bottom-color: #CDF; font-weight:bold;" width="3%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Science</a></td><td style="width: 2%; border-bottom: 2px solid #346"> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 2px solid #346; font-size: 110%; background-color: #EEE;" width="3%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science/Learn" title="Portal:Science/Learn">Learn</a></td><td style="width: 2%; border-bottom: 2px solid #346"> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 2px solid #346; font-size: 110%; background-color: #EEE;" width="3%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science/Participate" title="Portal:Science/Participate">Participate</a></td><td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid #346"> </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="border: 2px solid #346; border-top: none; background-color: #CDF; color: black; padding: .5em 1em 1em 1em;"><div style="padding: 1ex"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #346; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #0066aa; color: white; padding: .15em; text-align: center; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right; margin-bottom:.1em; font-size:80%; background: #0066aa; color: white;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Science/Introduction&action=edit"><span style="background: #0066aa; color: white">edit</span></a>  </div><div style="font-family:sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0 0 .1em 1em; background: #0066aa; color:white;">The Science Portal</div></div><div style="border: 1px solid #346; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top; background: #f9f9ff; opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 .1em 0; padding: 1em; padding-top: .3em; padding-bottom: .5em;"> <p>Welcome to the <b>Science Portal</b>! This page is a guide to Wikiversity learning resources that are about science in general. Please help create and organize learning resources at the <a href="/wiki/Portal:Science/WikiProjects" title="Portal:Science/WikiProjects">content development projects</a>. Browse the major science categories: <a href="/wiki/Category:Engineering_and_Technology" title="Category:Engineering and Technology">Engineering and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Life_sciences" title="Category:Life sciences">Life Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Mathematics" title="Category:Mathematics">Mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Physical_sciences" title="Category:Physical sciences">Physical Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Social_sciences" title="Category:Social sciences">Social Sciences</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div><div class="noprint" style="text-align:center; margin:0 0 .5em 0px; padding:0.25em 0.25em 0.25em 0.25em; font-weight: bold"> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="float:left; width:66%; min-width:300px;"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #346; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #0066aa; color: white; padding: .15em; text-align: center; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right; margin-bottom:.1em; font-size:80%; background: #0066aa; color: white;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Science/Featured_Resource&action=edit"><span style="background: #0066aa; color: white">edit</span></a>  </div><div style="font-family:sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0 0 .1em 1em; background: #0066aa; color:white;">Featured Resource</div></div><div style="border: 1px solid #346; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top; background: #f9f9ff; opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 .1em 0; padding: 1em; padding-top: .3em; padding-bottom: .5em;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/What_is_science%3F" title="What is science?">What is science?</a></b></div> <p>Welcome to the "<b>What is science?</b>" learning project. Participants in this project explore science and the relationship of science to other aspects of human life. <a href="/wiki/What_is_science%3F" title="What is science?">(more...)</a> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div><div class="noprint" style="text-align:center; margin:0 0 .5em 0px; padding:0.25em 0.25em 0.25em 0.25em; font-weight: bold"> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #346; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #0066aa; color: white; padding: .15em; text-align: center; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right; margin-bottom:.1em; font-size:80%; background: #0066aa; color: white;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Science/Featured_Picture&action=edit"><span style="background: #0066aa; color: white">edit</span></a>  </div><div style="font-family:sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0 0 .1em 1em; background: #0066aa; color:white;">Featured Picture</div></div><div style="border: 1px solid #346; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top; background: #f9f9ff; opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 .1em 0; padding: 1em; padding-top: .3em; padding-bottom: .5em;"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Fettes_Douglas_-_The_Alchemist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/William_Fettes_Douglas_-_The_Alchemist.jpg/220px-William_Fettes_Douglas_-_The_Alchemist.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/William_Fettes_Douglas_-_The_Alchemist.jpg/330px-William_Fettes_Douglas_-_The_Alchemist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/William_Fettes_Douglas_-_The_Alchemist.jpg/440px-William_Fettes_Douglas_-_The_Alchemist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1729" data-file-height="2278" /></a><figcaption>"The alchemist" by William Fettes Douglas (1822 - 1891).</figcaption></figure> </div><div class="noprint" style="text-align:center; margin:0 0 .5em 0px; padding:0.25em 0.25em 0.25em 0.25em; font-weight: bold"> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> <div style="float:right; width:33%; min-width:150px;"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #346; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #0066aa; color: white; padding: .15em; text-align: center; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right; margin-bottom:.1em; font-size:80%; background: #0066aa; color: white;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Science/Categories&action=edit"><span style="background: #0066aa; color: white">edit</span></a>  </div><div style="font-family:sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0 0 .1em 1em; background: #0066aa; color:white;">Categories</div></div><div style="border: 1px solid #346; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top; background: #f9f9ff; opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 .1em 0; padding: 1em; padding-top: .3em; padding-bottom: .5em;"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":true,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Science" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science" title="Category:Science">Science</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 24 subcategories, 170 pages, and 1 file" dir="ltr">(24 cats, 170 pgs, 1 file)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Applied_sciences" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Applied_sciences" title="Category:Applied sciences">Applied sciences</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 4 subcategories, 1 page, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(4 cats, 1 pg)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Botany" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Botany" title="Category:Botany">Botany</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 8 subcategories, 17 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(8 cats, 17 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Conservation_sciences" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservation_sciences" title="Category:Conservation sciences">Conservation sciences</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 1 subcategory, 0 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(1 cat)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Fringe_science" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fringe_science" title="Category:Fringe science">Fringe science</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 3 subcategories, 6 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(3 cats, 6 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Fringe_sciences" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fringe_sciences" title="Category:Fringe sciences">Fringe sciences</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 1 subcategory, 0 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(1 cat)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Geology" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology" title="Category:Geology">Geology</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 18 subcategories, 14 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(18 cats, 14 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="HGAPS" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:HGAPS" title="Category:HGAPS">HGAPS</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 5 subcategories, 3 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(5 cats, 3 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="History_of_Sciences" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Sciences" title="Category:History of Sciences">History of Sciences</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 2 subcategories, 1 page, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(2 cats, 1 pg)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Life_sciences" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Life_sciences" title="Category:Life sciences">Life sciences</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 9 subcategories, 9 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(9 cats, 9 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Medical_science" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Medical_science" title="Category:Medical science">Medical science</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 1 subcategory, 6 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(1 cat, 6 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Metascience" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Metascience" title="Category:Metascience">Metascience</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 4 subcategories, 5 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(4 cats, 5 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Natural_sciences" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_sciences" title="Category:Natural sciences">Natural sciences</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 1 subcategory, 0 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(1 cat)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Paleontology" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Paleontology" title="Category:Paleontology">Paleontology</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 5 subcategories, 16 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(5 cats, 16 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Physical_sciences" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Physical_sciences" title="Category:Physical sciences">Physical sciences</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 4 subcategories, 8 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(4 cats, 8 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Physiology" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Physiology" title="Category:Physiology">Physiology</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 10 subcategories, 20 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(10 cats, 20 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Science_courses" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_courses" title="Category:Science courses">Science courses</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 7 subcategories, 30 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(7 cats, 30 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Science_lessons_by_level" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_lessons_by_level" title="Category:Science lessons by level">Science lessons by level</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 3 subcategories, 0 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(3 cats)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_portals" title="Category:Science portals">Science portals</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 0 subcategories, 16 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(16 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Sciences_quizzes" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sciences_quizzes" title="Category:Sciences quizzes">Sciences quizzes</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 2 subcategories, 1 page, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(2 cats, 1 pg)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Sciences/Lectures" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sciences/Lectures" title="Category:Sciences/Lectures">Sciences/Lectures</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 2 subcategories, 8 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(2 cats, 8 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Scientific_computing" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientific_computing" title="Category:Scientific computing">Scientific computing</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 3 subcategories, 7 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(3 cats, 7 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sediments_quizzes" title="Category:Sediments quizzes">Sediments quizzes</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 0 subcategories, 3 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(3 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Social_sciences" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_sciences" title="Category:Social sciences">Social sciences</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 32 subcategories, 20 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(32 cats, 20 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="WikiJournal_of_Science" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiJournal_of_Science" title="Category:WikiJournal of Science">WikiJournal of Science</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 15 subcategories, 22 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(15 cats, 22 pgs)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div><div class="noprint" style="text-align:center; margin:0 0 .5em 0px; padding:0.25em 0.25em 0.25em 0.25em; font-weight: bold"> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #346; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #0066aa; color: white; padding: .15em; text-align: center; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right; margin-bottom:.1em; font-size:80%; background: #0066aa; color: white;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Science/Related_Portals&action=edit"><span style="background: #0066aa; color: white">edit</span></a>  </div><div style="font-family:sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0 0 .1em 1em; background: #0066aa; color:white;">Related Portals</div></div><div style="border: 1px solid #346; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top; background: #f9f9ff; opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 .1em 0; padding: 1em; padding-top: .3em; padding-bottom: .5em;"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Archaeology" title="Portal:Archaeology">Portal:Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biochemistry" title="Portal:Biochemistry">Portal:Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biology" title="Portal:Biology">Portal:Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biomedical_sciences" title="Portal:Biomedical sciences">Portal:Biomedical sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Chemistry" title="Portal:Chemistry">Portal:Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:FLOSS4Science" title="Portal:FLOSS4Science">Portal:FLOSS4Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Green_chemistry" title="Portal:Green chemistry">Portal:Green chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Information_sciences" title="Portal:Information sciences">Portal:Information sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Life_Sciences" title="Portal:Life Sciences">Portal:Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Molecular_Biology" title="Portal:Molecular Biology">Portal:Molecular Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organic_chemistry" title="Portal:Organic chemistry">Portal:Organic chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Physical_Sciences" title="Portal:Physical Sciences">Portal:Physical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Physics_and_Astronomy" title="Portal:Physics and Astronomy">Portal:Physics and Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Plant_Sciences" title="Portal:Plant Sciences">Portal:Plant Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Portal:Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_Science_Behind_Parkinson%27s" title="Portal:The Science Behind Parkinson's">Portal:The Science Behind Parkinson's</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </div><div class="noprint" style="text-align:center; margin:0 0 .5em 0px; padding:0.25em 0.25em 0.25em 0.25em; font-weight: bold"> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #346; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #0066aa; color: white; padding: .15em; text-align: center; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right; margin-bottom:.1em; font-size:80%; background: #0066aa; color: white;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Science&action=edit"><span style="background: #0066aa; color: white">edit</span></a>  </div><div style="font-family:sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0 0 .1em 1em; background: #0066aa; color:white;">Major Wikiversity Portals</div></div><div style="border: 1px solid #346; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top; background: #f9f9ff; opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 .1em 0; padding: 1em; padding-top: .3em; padding-bottom: .5em;"> <div> <div class="center" style=""> <p><b>Content by Subject</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Arts" title="Portal:Arts">Arts</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Humanities" title="Portal:Humanities">Humanities</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Science</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Social_Sciences" title="Portal:Social Sciences">Social Sciences</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a> </p> </div> <hr /> <div class="center" style=""> <p><b>Content by Level</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pre-school_Education" title="Portal:Pre-school Education">Pre-school Education</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Primary_Education" title="Portal:Primary Education">Primary Education</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Secondary_Education" title="Portal:Secondary Education">Secondary Education</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Tertiary_Education" title="Portal:Tertiary Education">Tertiary Education</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Non-formal_Education" title="Portal:Non-formal Education">Non-formal Education</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Research" title="Portal:Research">Research</a> </p> </div> </div> </div><div class="noprint" style="text-align:center; margin:0 0 .5em 0px; padding:0.25em 0.25em 0.25em 0.25em; font-weight: bold"> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #346; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #0066aa; color: white; padding: .15em; text-align: center; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right; margin-bottom:.1em; font-size:80%; background: #0066aa; color: white;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Science&action=edit"><span style="background: #0066aa; color: white">edit</span></a>  </div><div style="font-family:sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0 0 .1em 1em; background: #0066aa; color:white;">Wikimedia</div></div><div style="border: 1px solid #346; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top; background: #f9f9ff; opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 .1em 0; padding: 1em; padding-top: .3em; padding-bottom: .5em;"> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="display:inline-block;margin:0 0 0.75em 0"> <p style="margin:0">The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia" title="Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a> sister projects provide more on this subject:</p> <div style="float:left; margin:0 3px 3px 3px; font-size:91%;"> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Special:Search/Portal:Science">Wikipedia</a></b><br /> Encyclopedia<br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/42px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/55px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div style="float:left; margin:0 3px 3px 3px; font-size:91%;"> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Portal:Science">Wikibooks</a></b><br /> Books<br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div style="float:left; margin:0 3px 3px 3px; font-size:91%;"> <p><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Portal:Science" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Portal:Science">Commons</a></b><br /> Media<br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Portal:Science"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div style="float:left; margin:0 3px 3px 3px; font-size:91%;"> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Portal:Science">Wikinews</a></b> <br /> News<br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/46px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/70px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/92px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div style="float:left; margin:0 3px 3px 3px; font-size:91%;"> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Portal:Science">Wikiquote</a></b> <br /> Quotations<br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div style="float:left; margin:0 3px 3px 3px; font-size:91%;"> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Portal:Science">Wikisource</a></b> <br /> Texts<br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div style="float:left; margin:0 3px 3px 3px; font-size:91%;"> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Special:Search/Portal:Science">Wikivoyage</a></b> <br /> Travel guides<br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/25px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/50px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div style="float:left; margin:0 3px 3px 3px; font-size:91%;"> <p><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Portal:Science">Wiktionary</a></b> <br /> Definitions<br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/25px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div style="float:left; margin:0 3px 3px 3px; font-size:91%;"> <p><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Portal:Science">Wikidata</a></b> <br /> Database<br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portal:Science"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/45px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/68px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/89px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="noprint" style="text-align:center; margin:0 0 .5em 0px; padding:0.25em 0.25em 0.25em 0.25em; font-weight: bold"> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2661605">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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