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id="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wet_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wet_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Wet process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wet_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dry_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dry_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Dry process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dry_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Virgin oil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refined_oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refined_oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Refined oil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refined_oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrogenation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrogenation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Hydrogenation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrogenation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fractionation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fractionation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Fractionation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fractionation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Pests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition_and_comparison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition_and_comparison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Composition and comparison</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition_and_comparison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Health concerns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_concerns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health concerns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clinical_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Clinical research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nutrition_and_fat_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition_and_fat_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Nutrition and fat composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition_and_fat_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>In food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Soap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coconut oil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="زيت جوز الهند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيت جوز الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="নাৰিকল তেল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাৰিকল তেল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="নারিকেল তেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নারিকেল তেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Какосавы алей – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Какосавы алей" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="गड़ी तेल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गड़ी तेल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana_nin_Niyog" title="Lana nin Niyog – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lana nin Niyog" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Кокосово масло – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кокосово масло" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oli_de_coco" title="Oli de coco – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oli de coco" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokosov%C3%BD_olej" title="Kokosový olej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kokosový olej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokosolie" title="Kokosolie – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kokosolie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokos%C3%B6l" title="Kokosöl – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kokosöl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kookos%C3%B5li" title="Kookosõli – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kookosõli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κοκοφοινικέλαιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοκοφοινικέλαιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite_de_coco" title="Aceite de coco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aceite de coco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko-olio" title="Koko-olio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koko-olio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="روغن نارگیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روغن نارگیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huile_de_coco" title="Huile de coco – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Huile de coco" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite_de_coco" title="Aceite de coco – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aceite de coco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%BD%94%EB%84%9B%EA%B8%B0%EB%A6%84" title="코코넛기름 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코코넛기름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2" title="Կոկոսի յուղ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոկոսի յուղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="नारियल तेल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नारियल तेल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokosovo_ulje" title="Kokosovo ulje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kokosovo ulje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_kelapa" title="Minyak kelapa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Minyak kelapa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кокосы зети – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кокосы зети" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olio_di_cocco" title="Olio di cocco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Olio di cocco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1" title="שמן קוקוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמן קוקוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_klapa" title="Lenga klapa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lenga klapa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಕೊಬ್ಬರಿ ಎಣ್ಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೊಬ್ಬರಿ ಎಣ್ಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokos%C5%B3_aliejus" title="Kokosų aliejus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kokosų aliejus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3kuszolaj" title="Kókuszolaj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kókuszolaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3" title="വെളിച്ചെണ്ണ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെളിച്ചെണ്ണ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="खोबरेल तेल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खोबरेल तेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_kelapa" title="Minyak kelapa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Minyak kelapa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE" title="အုန်းဆီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အုန်းဆီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokosolie" title="Kokosolie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kokosolie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B7%E6%B2%B9" title="ヤシ油 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤシ油" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokosolje" title="Kokosolje – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kokosolje" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokosfeitt" title="Kokosfeitt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kokosfeitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokos_yog%CA%BBi" title="Kokos yogʻi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kokos yogʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olej_kokosowy" title="Olej kokosowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Olej kokosowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93leo_de_coco" title="Óleo de coco – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Óleo de coco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulei_de_cocos" title="Ulei de cocos – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ulei de cocos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Кокосовое масло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кокосовое масло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="नारिकेलतैलम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नारिकेलतैलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="පොල් තෙල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පොල් තෙල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coconut oil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokosovo_olje" title="Kokosovo olje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kokosovo olje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokosovo_ulje" title="Kokosovo ulje – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kokosovo ulje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kookos%C3%B6ljy" title="Kookosöljy – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kookosöljy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokosfett" title="Kokosfett – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kokosfett" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langis_ng_niyog" title="Langis ng niyog – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Langis ng niyog" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="தேங்காய் எண்ணெய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தேங்காய் எண்ணெய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86" title="కొబ్బరి నూనె – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కొబ్బరి నూనె" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ತಾರೆದ ಎಣ್ಣೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ತಾರೆದ ಎಣ್ಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_cevizi_ya%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Hindistan cevizi yağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan cevizi yağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Кокосова олія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кокосова олія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%A7u_d%E1%BB%ABa" title="Dầu dừa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dầu dừa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%B0%E6%B2%B9" title="椰油 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="椰油" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E6%B2%B9" title="椰子油 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="椰子油" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Coconut oil</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coconut_and_oil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Coconut_and_oil.jpg/220px-Coconut_and_oil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Coconut_and_oil.jpg/330px-Coconut_and_oil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Coconut_and_oil.jpg/440px-Coconut_and_oil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="656" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Coconut_Oil" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Coconut Oil">Cookbook: Coconut Oil</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coconut_oil" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Coconut oil">Media: Coconut oil</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Edible oil derived from coconut</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the EP by Lizzo, see <a href="/wiki/Coconut_Oil_(EP)" title="Coconut Oil (EP)">Coconut Oil (EP)</a>.</div> <p><b>Coconut oil</b> (or <b>coconut fat</b>) is an edible oil derived from the kernels, meat, and milk of the <a href="/wiki/Coconut_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut palm">coconut palm</a> fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-tis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coconut oil is a white solid <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> below around 25 °C (77 °F), and a clear thin liquid oil at higher temperatures. Unrefined varieties have a distinct coconut aroma.<sup id="cite_ref-harv_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coconut oil is used as a food oil, and in industrial applications for <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detergent" title="Detergent">detergent</a> production.<sup id="cite_ref-tis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harv_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oil is rich in <a href="/wiki/Medium-chain_fatty_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Medium-chain fatty acid">medium-chain fatty acids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to its high levels of <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">saturated fat</a>, numerous health authorities recommend limiting its consumption as a food.<sup id="cite_ref-harv_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-circ_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-circ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coconut oil is widely used for <a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">cooking</a> and baking due to its high smoke point and distinct flavor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coconut oil can be extracted through a wet or dry process.<sup id="cite_ref-tis_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More simply (but perhaps less effectively), oil can be produced by heating the meat via boiling water, the sun or a slow fire.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wet_process">Wet process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wet process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9129Processing_and_cooking_of_coconut_healing_oil_in_the_Philippines_43.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/9129Processing_and_cooking_of_coconut_healing_oil_in_the_Philippines_43.jpg/220px-9129Processing_and_cooking_of_coconut_healing_oil_in_the_Philippines_43.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/9129Processing_and_cooking_of_coconut_healing_oil_in_the_Philippines_43.jpg/330px-9129Processing_and_cooking_of_coconut_healing_oil_in_the_Philippines_43.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/9129Processing_and_cooking_of_coconut_healing_oil_in_the_Philippines_43.jpg/440px-9129Processing_and_cooking_of_coconut_healing_oil_in_the_Philippines_43.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption> Traditional (<span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">lana</i></span>) extraction directly from <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">the milk</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. The process also produces <i><a href="/wiki/Latik" title="Latik">latik</a></i> (curds), used as a <a href="/wiki/Garnish_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garnish (food)">garnish</a> in Filipino desserts. </figcaption></figure> <p>The all-wet process uses <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">coconut milk</a> extracted from raw coconut rather than dried <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a>. The proteins in the coconut milk create an <a href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">emulsion</a> of oil and water.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The more problematic step is breaking up the emulsion to recover the oil. This used to be done by prolonged boiling, but this produces a discolored oil and is not economical. Modern techniques use <a href="/wiki/Centrifuge" title="Centrifuge">centrifuges</a> and pre-treatments including cold, heat, acids, salts, <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">electrolysis</a>, shock waves, <a href="/wiki/Steam_distillation" title="Steam distillation">steam distillation</a>, or some combination thereof. Despite numerous variations and technologies, wet processing is less viable than dry processing due to a 10–15% lower yield, even taking into account the losses due to spoilage and pests with dry processing. Wet processes also require investment in equipment and energy, incurring high capital and operating costs.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dry_process">Dry process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dry process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coconut_oil_making_Seychelles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Traditional way of making coconut oil using an ox-powered mill in Seychelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coconut_oil_making_Seychelles.jpg/220px-Coconut_oil_making_Seychelles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coconut_oil_making_Seychelles.jpg/330px-Coconut_oil_making_Seychelles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coconut_oil_making_Seychelles.jpg/440px-Coconut_oil_making_Seychelles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1615" data-file-height="1035" /></a><figcaption> Traditional manufacturing in <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Dry processing requires that the meat be extracted from the shell and dried using fire, sunlight, or <a href="/wiki/Kiln" title="Kiln">kilns</a> to create copra.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The copra is pressed or dissolved with <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvents</a>, producing the coconut oil and a high-<a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, high-<a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">fiber</a> mash. The mash is of poor quality for human consumption and is instead fed to <a href="/wiki/Ruminant" title="Ruminant">ruminants</a>; there is no process to extract protein from the mash. </p><p>Proper harvesting of the coconut (the age of a coconut can be 2 to 20 months when picked) makes a significant difference in the efficacy of the oil-making process. Copra made from immature nuts is more difficult to work with and produces an inferior product with lower yields.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conventional coconut oil processors use <a href="/wiki/Hexane" title="Hexane">hexane</a> as a solvent to extract up to 10% more oil than is produced with just <a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)" title="Mill (grinding)">rotary mills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Expeller_pressing" title="Expeller pressing">expellers</a>. They then refine the oil to remove certain <a href="/wiki/Free_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Free fatty acids">free fatty acids</a> to reduce susceptibility to rancidification. Other processes to increase shelf life include using copra with a moisture content below 6%, keeping the moisture content of the oil below 0.2%, heating the oil to 130–150 °C (266–302 °F) and adding <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> or <a href="/wiki/Citric_acid" title="Citric acid">citric acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kurian_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurian-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_oil">Virgin oil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Virgin oil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin coconut oil (VCO) can be produced from fresh coconut milk, meat, or residue. Producing it from the fresh meat involves either wet-milling or drying the residue, and using a <a href="/wiki/Screw_press" title="Screw press">screw press</a> to extract the oil. VCO can also be extracted from fresh meat by grating and drying it to a moisture content of 10–12%, then using a manual press to extract the oil. Producing it from coconut milk involves grating the coconut and mixing it with water, then squeezing out the oil. The milk can also be fermented for 36–48 hours, the oil removed, and the cream heated to remove any remaining oil. A third option involves using a centrifuge to separate the oil from the other liquids. Coconut oil can also be extracted from the dry residue left over from the production of coconut milk.<sup id="cite_ref-Kurian_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurian-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A thousand mature coconuts weighing approximately 1,440 kilograms (3,170 pounds)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="With or without the husk? (January 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> yield around 170 kg (370 lb) of copra from which around 70 litres (15 imp gal) of coconut oil can be extracted.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refined_oil">Refined oil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Refined oil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coconut-oil-on-wooden-spoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coconut-oil-on-wooden-spoon.jpg/220px-Coconut-oil-on-wooden-spoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coconut-oil-on-wooden-spoon.jpg/330px-Coconut-oil-on-wooden-spoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coconut-oil-on-wooden-spoon.jpg/440px-Coconut-oil-on-wooden-spoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Coconut oil on a wooden spoon</figcaption></figure> <p>Refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) oil is usually made from copra and dried coconut kernels, which are pressed in a heated <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_press" title="Hydraulic press">hydraulic press</a> to extract the oil. This yields practically all the oil present, amounting to more than 60% of the dry weight of the coconut. This crude coconut oil is not suitable for consumption because it contains contaminants and must be refined with further heating and filtering.<sup id="cite_ref-Foale2003_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foale2003-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another method for extraction of coconut oil involves the <a href="/wiki/Enzymatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzymatic">enzymatic</a> action of <a href="/wiki/Alpha-amylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-amylase">alpha-amylase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polygalacturonase" title="Polygalacturonase">polygalacturonases</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">proteases</a> on diluted coconut paste.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike virgin coconut oil, refined coconut oil has no coconut taste or aroma. RBD oil is used for home cooking, commercial food processing, and cosmetic, industrial, and pharmaceutical purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrogenation">Hydrogenation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hydrogenation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RBD coconut oil can be processed further into partially or fully <a href="/wiki/Fat_hydrogenation" title="Fat hydrogenation">hydrogenated</a> oil to increase its melting point. Since virgin and RBD coconut oils melt at 24 °C (75 °F), foods containing coconut oil tend to melt in warm climates. A higher melting point is desirable in these warm climates, so the oil is hydrogenated. The melting point of hydrogenated coconut oil is 36–40 °C (97–104 °F). </p><p>In the process of hydrogenation, unsaturated fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids) are combined with hydrogen in a catalytic process to make them more saturated. Coconut oil contains only 6% monounsaturated and 2% polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the partial hydrogenation process, some of these are transformed into <a href="/wiki/Trans_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans fatty acids">trans fatty acids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fractionation">Fractionation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fractionation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fractionated" class="mw-redirect" title="Fractionated">Fractionated</a> coconut oil provides fractions of the whole oil so that its different fatty acids can be separated for specific uses. <a href="/wiki/Lauric_acid" title="Lauric acid">Lauric acid</a>, a 12-carbon chain fatty acid, is often removed because of its high value for industrial and medical purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fractionation of coconut oil can also be used to isolate <a href="/wiki/Caprylic_acid" title="Caprylic acid">caprylic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capric_acid" title="Capric acid">capric acid</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Medium-chain_triglycerides" class="mw-redirect" title="Medium-chain triglycerides">medium-chain triglycerides</a>, as these are used for medical applications, special diets and cosmetics, sometimes also being used as a carrier oil for fragrances.<sup id="cite_ref-RiegelKent2003_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RiegelKent2003-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:left; width:15em; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Coconut oil production – 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:75%;">Country </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:25%;"><small>(millions of <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>0.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>0.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>0.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td>0.18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>0.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>World</b></td> <td><b>2.61</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small>Source: <a href="/wiki/FAOSTAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAOSTAT">FAOSTAT</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a><sup id="cite_ref-faostat_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standards">Standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The World Health Organization's <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alimentarius" title="Codex Alimentarius">Codex Alimentarius</a></i> guidelines on food, food production, and food safety, published by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a>, includes standards for commercial partners who produce coconut oil for human consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_Coconut_Community" title="Asian and Pacific Coconut Community">Asian and Pacific Coconut Community</a> (APCC), whose 18 members produce about 90 per cent of the coconut sold commercially,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has published its standards for virgin coconut oil (VCO), defining virgin coconut oil as obtained from fresh, mature coconut kernels through means that do not "lead to alteration of the oil."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pests">Pests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oil quality and production are dependent upon palm cultivation, which is threatened by <a href="/wiki/Coconut_pest" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut pest">coconut pests</a>, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Oryctes" title="Oryctes">Oryctes</a></i> rhinoceros beetles – especially the Asiatic rhinoceros beetle (<i><a href="/wiki/Oryctes_rhinoceros" title="Oryctes rhinoceros">O. rhinoceros</a></i>) – and the red palm weevil (<i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophorus_ferrugineus" title="Rhynchophorus ferrugineus">Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Bio-Eco-Control_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-Eco-Control-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2020, world production of coconut oil was 2.61 million metric tons (2.88 million short tons), led by the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> accounting together for 60% of the world total.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_and_comparison">Composition and comparison</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Composition and comparison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coconut oil contains only trace amounts of free fatty acids (about 0.03% by mass).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the fatty acids are present in the form of esters. In the following content, the expressions "fatty acids" and "acid" below refer to <a href="/wiki/Esters" class="mw-redirect" title="Esters">esters</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboxylic acids">carboxylic acids</a>. </p><p>The approximate concentration of fatty acids in coconut oil (midpoint of range in source):<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Where is the source? It's clearly not Kratzeisen 2010, which does not test FA composition (instead citing a Ph. Eur. composition, which does not have a lauric midpoint of 48), but it also fails to match USDA FDC Foundation "Oil, coconut". (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:400px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#DDD"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Fatty acid content of coconut oil</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Type of fatty acid</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">pct</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Lauric_acid" title="Lauric acid">Lauric</a> saturated C12</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:48%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">48%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Myristic_acid" title="Myristic acid">Myristic</a> saturated C14</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:16%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">16%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">Palmitic</a> saturated C16</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:9.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">9.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Capric_acid" title="Capric acid">Capric</a> saturated C10</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Caprylic_acid" title="Caprylic acid">Caprylic</a> saturated C8</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">Oleic</a> monounsaturated C18:1</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:6.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;"><i><span style="background-color:; color:black;">black</span></i>: Saturated; <i><span style="background-color:; color:grey;">grey</span></i>: Monounsaturated; <i><span style="background-color:; color:blue;">blue</span></i>: Polyunsaturated</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following table provides information about the composition of coconut oil and how it compares with other vegetable oils. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption align="center">Properties of <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oils</a><sup id="cite_ref-USDA_ndbcolumn_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA_ndbcolumn-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />The nutritional values are expressed as percent (%) by mass of total fat. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2">Type</th> <th rowspan="2">Processing<br />treatment<sup id="cite_ref-The_margarine_shall_be_made_from_one_or_more_of_the_following_vegetable_oils;_canola,_safflower,_sunflower,_corn,_soybean,_or_peanut_oil._26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_margarine_shall_be_made_from_one_or_more_of_the_following_vegetable_oils;_canola,_safflower,_sunflower,_corn,_soybean,_or_peanut_oil.-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturated fatty acids">Saturated</a><br />fatty acids</th> <th colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Monounsaturated fatty acids">Monounsaturated</a><br />fatty acids</th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyunsaturated fatty acids">Polyunsaturated</a><br />fatty acids</th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Smoke_point" title="Smoke point">Smoke point</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total<sup id="cite_ref-USDA_ndbcolumn_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA_ndbcolumn-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">Oleic</a><br />acid<br />(ω−9)</th> <th>Total<sup id="cite_ref-USDA_ndbcolumn_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA_ndbcolumn-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Linolenic acid">α-Linolenic</a><br />acid<br />(ω−3)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">Linoleic</a><br />acid<br />(ω−6)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid_ratio_in_food" title="Fatty acid ratio in food">ω−6:3<br />ratio</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Avocado_oil" title="Avocado oil">Avocado</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>11.6</td> <td>70.6</td> <td>52–66<br /><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>13.5</td> <td>1</td> <td>12.5</td> <td>12.5:1</td> <td>250 °C (482 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut#Oil" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>24.8</td> <td>32.7</td> <td>31.3</td> <td>42.0</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>41.9</td> <td>419:1</td> <td>208 °C (406 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-Rao_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed_oil" title="Rapeseed oil">Canola</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>7.4</td> <td>63.3</td> <td>61.8</td> <td>28.1</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>18.6</td> <td>2:1</td> <td>204 °C (400 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffff66"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coconut</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>82.5</td> <td>6.3</td> <td>6</td> <td>1.7</td> <td>0.019</td> <td>1.68</td> <td>88:1</td> <td>175 °C (347 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-Rao_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Corn</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>12.9</td> <td>27.6</td> <td>27.3</td> <td>54.7</td> <td>1</td> <td>58</td> <td>58:1</td> <td>232 °C (450 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cottonseed_oil" title="Cottonseed oil">Cottonseed</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>25.9</td> <td>17.8</td> <td>19</td> <td>51.9</td> <td>1</td> <td>54</td> <td>54:1</td> <td>216 °C (420 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cottonseed_oil" title="Cottonseed oil">Cottonseed</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogenated_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogenated fat">hydrogenated</a></td> <td>93.6</td> <td>1.5</td> <td></td> <td>0.6</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>1.5:1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">Flaxseed/linseed</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>9.0</td> <td>18.4</td> <td>18</td> <td>67.8</td> <td>53</td> <td>13</td> <td>0.2:1</td> <td>107 °C (225 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grape_seed_oil" title="Grape seed oil">Grape seed</a></td> <td> </td> <td>10.4</td> <td>14.8</td> <td>14.3  </td> <td>74.9</td> <td>0.15</td> <td>74.7</td> <td>very high</td> <td>216 °C (421 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-nmi_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmi-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">Hemp seed</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>7.0</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>82.0</td> <td>22.0</td> <td>54.0</td> <td>2.5:1</td> <td>166 °C (330 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Safflower_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Safflower oil">High-oleic safflower oil</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>7.5</td> <td>75.2</td> <td>75.2</td> <td>12.8</td> <td>0</td> <td>12.8</td> <td>very high</td> <td>212 °C (414 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-Rao_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive</a> (extra virgin)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>13.8</td> <td>73.0</td> <td>71.3</td> <td>10.5</td> <td>0.7</td> <td>9.8</td> <td>14:1</td> <td>193 °C (380 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-Rao_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>49.3</td> <td>37.0</td> <td>40</td> <td>9.3</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>45.5:1</td> <td>235 °C (455 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>hydrogenated</td> <td>88.2</td> <td>5.7</td> <td></td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Peanut_oil" title="Peanut oil">Peanut</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>16.2</td> <td>57.1</td> <td>55.4</td> <td>19.9</td> <td>0.318</td> <td>19.6</td> <td>61.6:1</td> <td>232 °C (450 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rice_bran_oil" title="Rice bran oil">Rice bran oil</a></td> <td></td> <td>25</td> <td><i>38.4</i></td> <td>38.4</td> <td><i>36.6</i></td> <td>2.2</td> <td>34.4<sup id="cite_ref-baileys_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baileys-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>15.6:1</td> <td>232 °C (450 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>14.2</td> <td>39.7</td> <td>39.3</td> <td>41.7</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>41.3</td> <td>138:1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>15.6</td> <td>22.8</td> <td>22.6</td> <td>57.7</td> <td>7</td> <td>51</td> <td>7.3:1</td> <td>238 °C (460 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogenated_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogenated fat">partially hydrogenated</a></td> <td>14.9</td> <td>43.0</td> <td>42.5</td> <td>37.6</td> <td>2.6</td> <td>34.9</td> <td>13.4:1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_oil" title="Sunflower oil">Sunflower</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>8.99</td> <td>63.4</td> <td>62.9</td> <td>20.7</td> <td>0.16</td> <td>20.5</td> <td>128:1</td> <td>227 °C (440 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Walnut_oil" title="Walnut oil">Walnut oil</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>unrefined</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>22.8</td> <td>22.2</td> <td>63.3</td> <td>10.4</td> <td>52.9</td> <td>5:1</td> <td>160 °C (320 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-BoH_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoH-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_concerns">Health concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Health concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many health organizations advise against the consumption of coconut oil owing to its high levels of <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">saturated fat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-circ_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-circ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the United States <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the United States <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DHHS_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHHS-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/American_Dietetic_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="American Dietetic Association">American Dietetic Association</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ADA_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Association" title="American Heart Association">American Heart Association</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AHA_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHA-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NHS_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Nutrition_Foundation" title="British Nutrition Foundation">British Nutrition Foundation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lockyer_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lockyer-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Dietitians_of_Canada" title="Dietitians of Canada">Dietitians of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DoC_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoC-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marketing of coconut oil has created the inaccurate belief that it is a "healthy food".<sup id="cite_ref-Abbasi2020_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abbasi2020-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, studies have found that coconut oil consumption has health effects similar to those of other unhealthy fats, including <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beef_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Beef fat">beef fat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-circ_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-circ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coconut oil contains a high amount of <a href="/wiki/Lauric_acid" title="Lauric acid">lauric acid</a>, a saturated fat that raises total blood cholesterol levels by increasing the amounts of both <a href="/wiki/High-density_lipoprotein" title="High-density lipoprotein">high-density lipoprotein</a> (HDL) cholesterol and <a href="/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein" title="Low-density lipoprotein">low-density lipoprotein</a> (LDL) cholesterol.<sup id="cite_ref-circ_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-circ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neela_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neela-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eyres2016_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eyres2016-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although lauric acid consumption may create a more favorable total blood cholesterol profile, this does not exclude the possibility that persistent consumption of coconut oil may actually increase the risk of <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular diseases</a> through other mechanisms,<sup id="cite_ref-Neela_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neela-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly via the marked increase in total blood cholesterol induced by lauric acid.<sup id="cite_ref-Eyres2016_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eyres2016-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mensink_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mensink-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the majority of saturated fat in coconut oil is lauric acid,<sup id="cite_ref-Eyres2016_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eyres2016-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mensink_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mensink-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> coconut oil may be preferred over <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenation" title="Hydrogenation">partially hydrogenated vegetable oil</a> when solid fats are used in the diet.<sup id="cite_ref-Tarrago_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarrago-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clinical_research">Clinical research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Clinical research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2017 review of clinical research by experts associated with the American Heart Association recommended against consumption of coconut oil due to its propensity for increasing blood levels of LDL as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-circ_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-circ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2020 <a href="/wiki/Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">systematic review</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analysis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> on whether chronic consumption of coconut oil might affect <a href="/wiki/Risk_factor_(epidemiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Risk factor (epidemiology)">risk factors</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular diseases</a> found that <a href="/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein" title="Low-density lipoprotein">low-density lipoprotein</a> (LDL) cholesterol (but also <a href="/wiki/High-density_lipoprotein" title="High-density lipoprotein">high-density lipoprotein</a> (HDL)) concentrations were elevated compared with non-tropical <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oils</a>. The review stated that "coconut oil should not be viewed as healthy oil for cardiovascular disease risk reduction, and limiting coconut oil consumption because of its high saturated fat content is warranted."<sup id="cite_ref-Neela_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neela-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Coconut oil</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,730 kJ (890 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">99 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">82.5 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">6.3 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.7 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">20%</div> 3 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.6 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0.05 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">phytosterols</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">86 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171412/nutrients">Full link to USDA National Nutrient Database</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition_and_fat_composition">Nutrition and fat composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nutrition and fat composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coconut oil is 99% fat, composed mainly of saturated fats (82% of total; table). In a 100 gram reference amount, coconut oil supplies 890 <a href="/wiki/Calories" class="mw-redirect" title="Calories">calories</a>. Half of the saturated fat content of coconut oil is lauric acid (41.8 grams per 100 grams of total composition), while other significant saturated fats are <a href="/wiki/Myristic_acid" title="Myristic acid">myristic acid</a> (16.7g), <a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">palmitic acid</a> (8.6g), and <a href="/wiki/Caprylic_acid" title="Caprylic acid">caprylic acid</a> (6.8g).<sup id="cite_ref-USDA28_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA28-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated fats</a> are 6% of total composition, and <a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">polyunsaturated fats</a> are 2% (table). Coconut oil contains <a href="/wiki/Phytosterols" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytosterols">phytosterols</a>, whereas there are no <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a> in significant content (table). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coconut-butter.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coconut-butter.JPG/220px-Coconut-butter.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coconut-butter.JPG/330px-Coconut-butter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coconut-butter.JPG/440px-Coconut-butter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Solid coconut fat</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_food">In food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coconut oil has a long history in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, particularly in tropical regions where the plant is abundant, where it has been used for cooking. It is the oil of choice in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan cuisine</a>, where it is used for sautéing and frying, in both savoury and sweet dishes. It also plays a prominent role in the cuisines of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. </p><p>As an oil relatively recently introduced to Western countries, coconut oil is commonly used in baked goods, pastries, and <a href="/wiki/Saut%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauté">sautés</a>, having a nut-like quality with some sweetness.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sometimes used by movie theatre chains to pop <a href="/wiki/Popcorn" title="Popcorn">popcorn</a>. </p><p>Other culinary uses include replacing solid fats produced through <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenation" title="Hydrogenation">hydrogenation</a> in baked and <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a> goods.<sup id="cite_ref-Tarrago_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarrago-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">Hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated coconut oil</a> is often used in <a href="/wiki/Non-dairy_creamer" title="Non-dairy creamer">non-dairy creamers</a> and snack foods. In frying, the <a href="/wiki/Smoke_point" title="Smoke point">smoke point</a> of coconut oil is 177 °C (351 °F). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil_fuel" title="Vegetable oil fuel">Vegetable oil fuel</a></div> <p>Coconut oil has been tested for use as a feedstock for <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a> to use as a <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engine</a> fuel. In this manner, it can be applied to power <a href="/wiki/Engine-generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Engine-generator">generators</a> and transport using diesel engines. Since straight coconut oil has a high <a href="/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">gelling</a> temperature (22–25 °C (72–77 °F)), a high <a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">viscosity</a>, and a minimum <a href="/wiki/Combustion_chamber" title="Combustion chamber">combustion chamber</a> temperature of 500 °C (932 °F) (to avoid <a href="/wiki/Polymerization" title="Polymerization">polymerization</a> of the fuel), coconut oil typically is <a href="/wiki/Transesterified" class="mw-redirect" title="Transesterified">transesterified</a> to make biodiesel. Use of B100 (100% biodiesel) is possible only in temperate climates, as the gel point is approximately 10 °C (50 °F). The oil must meet the <a href="/wiki/Weihenstephan_Standards" title="Weihenstephan Standards">Weihenstephan standard</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2011)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to use pure vegetable oil as a fuel. Moderate to severe damage from <a href="/wiki/Carbonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonisation">carbonisation</a> and clogging would occur in an unmodified engine. </p><p>The Philippines, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, and several other tropical island countries use coconut oil as an alternative fuel source to run automobiles, trucks, and buses, and to power generators.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2011)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Biodiesel fuel derived from coconut oil is currently used as a fuel for transport in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-investvine_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-investvine-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further research into the potential of coconut oil as a fuel for electricity generation is being carried out in the islands of the Pacific, although to date it appears that it is not useful as a fuel source due to the cost of labour and supply constraints.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coconut oil has been tested for use as an <a href="/wiki/Motor_oil" title="Motor oil">engine lubricant</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a <a href="/wiki/Transformer_oil" title="Transformer oil">transformer oil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coconut oil (and derivatives, such as coconut fatty acid) are used as raw materials in the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Surfactants" class="mw-redirect" title="Surfactants">surfactants</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cocamidopropyl_betaine" title="Cocamidopropyl betaine">cocamidopropyl betaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocamide_MEA" title="Cocamide MEA">cocamide MEA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cocamide_DEA" title="Cocamide DEA">cocamide DEA</a>. </p><p>Acids derived from coconut oil can be used as <a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">herbicides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatment with catalytic lipase has reportedly given coconut oil antimicrobial characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the advent of electrical lighting, coconut oil was the primary oil used for illumination in India and was exported as cochin oil.<sup id="cite_ref-Brady_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soap">Soap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Soap"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">Soap</a></div> <p>Coconut oil is an important base ingredient for the manufacturing of soap. Soap made with coconut oil tends to be hard, though it retains more water than soap made with other oils and thus increases manufacturer yields. It is more soluble in hard water and salt water than other soaps allowing it to lather more easily.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It can be used as fuel for burning in a <a href="/wiki/Torch" title="Torch">torch</a> or dripped into fire to create <a href="/wiki/Insect_repellent" title="Insect repellent">insect-repelling</a> smoke. It also protects metal from corrosion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Body_soap_bar_virgin_coconut_oil3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soap"><img alt="Soap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Body_soap_bar_virgin_coconut_oil3.jpg/120px-Body_soap_bar_virgin_coconut_oil3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Body_soap_bar_virgin_coconut_oil3.jpg/180px-Body_soap_bar_virgin_coconut_oil3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Body_soap_bar_virgin_coconut_oil3.jpg/240px-Body_soap_bar_virgin_coconut_oil3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3942" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Soap</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coconutoiljf.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Homemade oil products"><img alt="Homemade oil products" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Coconutoiljf.JPG/120px-Coconutoiljf.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Coconutoiljf.JPG/180px-Coconutoiljf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Coconutoiljf.JPG/240px-Coconutoiljf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Homemade oil products</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KERAFED" title="KERAFED">KERAFED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat_and_cardiovascular_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease">Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_butter" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut butter">Coconut Butter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tis_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/oele/kokosoel/kokosoel.htm">"Coconut oil"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/dav/2008/01/17/bus/davao.based.firm.sees.expansion.of.bio.tech.oil.market.html">the original</a> on 21 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sun.Star+Superbalita+Davao&rft.atitle=Davao-based+firm+sees+expansion+of+bio-tech+oil+market&rft.date=2008-01-17&rft.aulast=Romares-Sevilla&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunstar.com.ph%2Fstatic%2Fdav%2F2008%2F01%2F17%2Fbus%2Fdavao.based.firm.sees.expansion.of.bio.tech.oil.market.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoconut+oil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDCWeerakoonLucasGunatunga2001" class="citation conference cs1">DC, Abeysundara; Weerakoon, C; Lucas, JR; Gunatunga, KAI; Obadagee, KC (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923235032/http://www.elect.mrt.ac.lk/Coconut_oil_eru_2001.pdf"><i>Coconut Oil As An Alternative To Transformer Oil</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ERU Symposium. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:49213920">49213920</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elect.mrt.ac.lk/Coconut_oil_eru_2001.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Coconut+Oil+As+An+Alternative+To+Transformer+Oil&rft.date=2001-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A49213920%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=DC&rft.aufirst=Abeysundara&rft.au=Weerakoon%2C+C&rft.au=Lucas%2C+JR&rft.au=Gunatunga%2C+KAI&rft.au=Obadagee%2C+KC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elect.mrt.ac.lk%2FCoconut_oil_eru_2001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoconut+oil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamesRahman_A2005" class="citation journal cs1">James, TK; Rahman A (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzpps.org/journal/58/nzpp_581570.pdf">"Efficacy of several organic herbicides and glyphosate formulations under simulated rainfall"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New Zealand Plant Protection</i>. <b>58</b>: <span class="nowrap">157–</span>163. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.30843%2Fnzpp.2005.58.4322">10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4322</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Plant+Protection&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+several+organic+herbicides+and+glyphosate+formulations+under+simulated+rainfall&rft.volume=58&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E163&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.30843%2Fnzpp.2005.58.4322&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=TK&rft.au=Rahman+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzpps.org%2Fjournal%2F58%2Fnzpp_581570.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoconut+oil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaris2012" class="citation journal cs1">Haris, Halina Hezda (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259106085">"Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of AVCO Acne Gel for Acne: An Open, Single Centric, Non Comparative Study for 8 Weeks"</a>. <i>Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research</i>. <b>4</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Journal+of+Pharmaceutical+and+Clinical+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Efficacy+and+Safety+of+AVCO+Acne+Gel+for+Acne%3A+An+Open%2C+Single+Centric%2C+Non+Comparative+Study+for+8+Weeks&rft.volume=4&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Haris&rft.aufirst=Halina+Hezda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F259106085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoconut+oil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brady-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brady_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradyClauserVaccari2002" class="citation book cs1">Brady, GS; Clauser, HR; Vaccari, JA (2002). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/materialshandboo00brad_223"><i>Materials Handbook – An encyclopedia for managers, technical professionals, purchasing and production managers, technicians, and supervisors</i></a></span> (15 ed.). <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/materialshandboo00brad_223/page/n250">250</a>–251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-136076-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-136076-0"><bdi>978-0-07-136076-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Materials+Handbook+%E2%80%93+An+encyclopedia+for+managers%2C+technical+professionals%2C+purchasing+and+production+managers%2C+technicians%2C+and+supervisors&rft.pages=250-251&rft.edition=15&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-07-136076-0&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=GS&rft.au=Clauser%2C+HR&rft.au=Vaccari%2C+JA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaterialshandboo00brad_223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoconut+oil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsbergTaylor_AE1928" class="citation book cs1">Alsberg, CL; Taylor AE (1928). <i>The Fats and Oils – A General Overview </i>(Fats and Oils Studies No. 1)<i><span></span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0330-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0330-7"><bdi>978-0-8047-0330-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fats+and+Oils+%E2%80%93+A+General+Overview+%28Fats+and+Oils+Studies+No.+1%29&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1928&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0330-7&rft.aulast=Alsberg&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.au=Taylor+AE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoconut+oil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdkins_SWFoale_MSamosir_YMS2006" class="citation book cs1">Adkins SW; Foale M; Samosir YMS, eds. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415155111/http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/748/PR125%20full%20text.pdf"><i>Coconut revival – new possibilities for the 'tree of life'. Proceedings of the International Coconut Forum, 22–24 November 2005</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cairns, Australia: ACIAR Proceedings. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1863205153" title="Special:BookSources/978-1863205153"><bdi>978-1863205153</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/748/PR125%20full%20text.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coconut+revival+%E2%80%93+new+possibilities+for+the+%27tree+of+life%27.+Proceedings+of+the+International+Coconut+Forum%2C+22%E2%80%9324+November+2005&rft.place=Cairns%2C+Australia&rft.pub=ACIAR+Proceedings&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1863205153&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faciar.gov.au%2Ffiles%2Fnode%2F748%2FPR125%2520full%2520text.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoconut+oil" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Salunkhe, D.K., J.K. Chavan, R.N. Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. (1992). <i>World Oilseeds: Chemistry, Technology, and Utilization</i>. Springer. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0442001124" title="Special:BookSources/978-0442001124">978-0442001124</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coconut_oil&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coconut_oil" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Coconut oil">Coconut oil</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_Mexico" title="Coconut production in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_Niue" title="Coconut production in Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_the_Philippines" title="Coconut production in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Coconut production in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_Thailand" title="Coconut production in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_Vietnam" title="Coconut production in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brokencoconut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Brokencoconut.jpg/70px-Brokencoconut.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Brokencoconut.jpg/105px-Brokencoconut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Brokencoconut.jpg/140px-Brokencoconut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2839" data-file-height="2303" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creamed_coconut" title="Creamed coconut">Butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadjan" title="Cadjan">Cadjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coir" title="Coir">Coir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">Copra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_of_coconut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cream of coconut">Cream of coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_jam" title="Coconut jam">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_cup" title="Coconut cup">Coconut cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_chocolatero" title="Coco chocolatero">Coco chocolatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_jewelry" title="Coconut jewelry">Jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lat%C3%ADk" class="mw-redirect" title="Latík">Latík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macapuno" title="Macapuno">Macapuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut milk beverage">Milk beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nata_de_coco" title="Nata de coco">Nata de coco</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk_powder" title="Coconut milk powder">Powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_skim_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut skim milk">Skim milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprouted_coconut" title="Sprouted coconut">Sprouted coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_sugar" title="Coconut sugar">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh#Tempe_bongkrèk" title="Tempeh">Tempe bongkrèk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_timber" title="Coconut timber">Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_vinegar" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut vinegar">Vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_water" title="Coconut water">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Wine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">Arrack</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coconut_dishes" title="List of coconut dishes">List of coconut dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_made_using_coconut_milk" title="List of dishes made using coconut milk">List of dishes made using coconut milk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_coconut_palm_diseases" title="List of coconut palm diseases">Diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sago_worm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sago worm">Sago worm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bipolaris_incurvata" title="Bipolaris incurvata">Bipolaris incurvata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Botryosphaeria_cocogena" title="Botryosphaeria cocogena">Botryosphaeria cocogena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bursaphelenchus_cocophilus" title="Bursaphelenchus cocophilus">Bursaphelenchus cocophilus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadang-cadang" title="Cadang-cadang">Cadang-cadang</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capnodium_footii" title="Capnodium footii">Capnodium footii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cephaleuros_virescens" title="Cephaleuros virescens">Cephaleuros virescens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corticium_penicillatum" title="Corticium penicillatum">Corticium penicillatum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cytospora_palmarum" title="Cytospora palmarum">Cytospora palmarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marasmiellus_cocophilus" title="Marasmiellus cocophilus">Marasmiellus cocophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Periconiella_cocoes" title="Periconiella cocoes">Periconiella cocoes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pestalotiopsis_palmarum" title="Pestalotiopsis palmarum">Pestalotiopsis palmarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phaeochoropsis_mucosa" title="Phaeochoropsis mucosa">Phaeochoropsis mucosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phyllosticta_palmetto" title="Phyllosticta palmetto">Phyllosticta palmetto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phytophthora_palmivora" title="Phytophthora palmivora">Phytophthora palmivora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoepicoccum_cocos" title="Pseudoepicoccum cocos">Pseudoepicoccum cocos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramularia_necator" title="Ramularia necator">Ramularia necator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stigmina_palmivora" title="Stigmina palmivora">Stigmina palmivora</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_Coconut_Community" title="Asian and Pacific Coconut Community">Asian and Pacific Coconut Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Development_Board" title="Coconut Development Board">Coconut Development Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Baker_Company" title="Franklin Baker Company">Franklin Baker Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KERAFED" title="KERAFED">KERAFED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coconut_Authority" title="Philippine Coconut Authority">Philippine Coconut Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_Engelhardt" title="August Engelhardt">August Engelhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Palace" title="Coconut Palace">Coconut Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_pearl" title="Coconut pearl">Coconut pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainuwele" title="Hainuwele">Hainuwele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Coconut_Day" title="World Coconut Day">World Coconut Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F" title="You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?">You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Coconuts" title="Category:Coconuts">Category</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edible_fats_and_oils120" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fats_and_oils" title="Template:Fats and oils"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fats_and_oils" title="Template talk:Fats and oils"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fats_and_oils" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fats and oils"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edible_fats_and_oils120" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Edible fats and oils</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pork_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Pork fat">Pork fats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatback" title="Fatback">Fatback</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lardo" title="Lardo">Lardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salo_(food)" title="Salo (food)">Salo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">Lard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardon" title="Lardon">Lardon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mutton" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutton">Mutton</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dripping" title="Dripping">Dripping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suet" title="Suet">Suet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_fat" title="Tail fat">Tail fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallow" title="Tallow">Tallow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">Dairy</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">Butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">Clarified butter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">Ghee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manteiga-da-terra" title="Manteiga-da-terra">Manteiga-da-terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niter_kibbeh" title="Niter kibbeh">Niter kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smen" title="Smen">Smen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfa_butter" title="Urfa butter">Urfa butter</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">Poultry</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_fat" title="Chicken fat">Chicken fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Duck fat">Duck fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Goose fat">Goose fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz" title="Schmaltz">Schmaltz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other animal fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blubber#Human_influences" title="Blubber">Blubber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muktuk" title="Muktuk">Muktuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">Whale oil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetable fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_tallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Borneo tallow">Borneo tallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_butter" title="Cocoa butter">Cocoa butter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coconut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_butter" class="mw-redirect" title="Mango butter">Mango butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">Margarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_kernel_oil" title="Palm kernel oil">Palm kernel oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_butter" title="Shea butter">Shea butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_shortening" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable shortening">Vegetable shortening</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">Oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_oil" title="Fish oil">Marine oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_liver_oil" title="Cod liver oil">Cod liver oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_oil" title="Krill oil">Krill oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_oil" title="Seaweed oil">Seaweed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_liver_oil" title="Shark liver oil">Shark liver oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable <br /> oils</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetable_oils" title="List of vegetable oils">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stone_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone fruit">Fruit</a> oils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avocado_oil" title="Avocado oil">Avocado oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" title="Nut (food)">Nut</a> oils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Almond oil">Almond oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argan_oil" title="Argan oil">Argan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashew oil">Cashew oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazelnut oil">Hazelnut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_oil" title="Macadamia oil">Macadamia oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marula_oil" title="Marula oil">Marula oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongongo#Traditional_uses" title="Mongongo">Mongongo nut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_oil" title="Pecan oil">Pecan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut_oil" title="Pine nut oil">Pine nut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio_oil" title="Pistachio oil">Pistachio oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_oil" title="Walnut oil">Walnut oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed oil">Seed oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambadi_seed_oil" title="Ambadi seed oil">Ambadi seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_seed_oil" title="Apple seed oil">Apple seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_oil" title="Castor oil">Castor oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Corn oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonseed_oil" title="Cottonseed oil">Cottonseed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_seed_oil" title="Grape seed oil">Grape seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">Hemp oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">Linseed (flaxseed) oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_oil" title="Mustard oil">Mustard oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_oil" title="Peanut oil">Peanut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pequi_oil" title="Pequi oil">Pequi oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_oil" title="Perilla oil">Perilla oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppyseed_oil" title="Poppyseed oil">Poppyseed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_seed_oil" title="Pumpkin seed oil">Pumpkin seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed_oil" title="Rapeseed oil">Rapeseed (canola) oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_bran_oil" title="Rice bran oil">Rice bran oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safflower_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Safflower oil">Safflower oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_oil" title="Sunflower oil">Sunflower oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_seed_oil" title="Tea seed oil">Tea seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_seed_oil" title="Watermelon seed oil">Watermelon seed oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">Cooking oil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Types_of_plant_oils" title="Types of plant oils">Plant oil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">Essential oil</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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