CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Nasik Caves - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e65f55d1-2b3e-474f-9bf0-0e85042d7eea","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Nasik_Caves","wgTitle":"Nasik Caves","wgCurRevisionId":1276110813,"wgRevisionId":1276110813,"wgArticleId":7019669,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Webarchive template wayback links","Harv and Sfn no-target errors","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles to be merged from November 2024","All articles to be merged","Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from November 2024","All Wikipedia articles needing copy edit","Use dmy dates from July 2018","Use Indian English from July 2018","All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English", "Coordinates on Wikidata","Wikipedia cave articles with unreferenced coordinates","Commons category link from Wikidata","Buddhist caves in Maharashtra","Jain caves in India","Caves of Maharashtra","Rock-cut architecture of India","Former populated places in India","Tourist attractions in Nashik district","Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India","Buddhist monasteries in India","Buddhist temples in India","Architecture in India","Caves containing pictograms in India","Jain rock-cut architecture","3rd-century BC Jain temples"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Nasik_Caves","wgRelevantArticleId":7019669,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":19.9412,"lon":73.7486},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7130537","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Nasik_cave_17.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1745"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nasik_cave_17.jpg/800px-Nasik_cave_17.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1164"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nasik_cave_17.jpg/640px-Nasik_cave_17.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="931"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Nasik Caves - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasik_Caves"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasik_Caves"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Nasik_Caves rootpage-Nasik_Caves skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nasik+Caves" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nasik+Caves" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nasik+Caves" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nasik+Caves" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Caves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Caves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Layout_and_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layout_and_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Layout and content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Layout_and_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_caves_and_their_inscriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_caves_and_their_inscriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The caves and their inscriptions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_caves_and_their_inscriptions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The caves and their inscriptions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_caves_and_their_inscriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caves_No._1-2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caves_No._1-2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Caves No. 1-2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caves_No._1-2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cave_No.3,_"Gautamiputra_vihara"_(circa_150_CE)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cave_No.3,_"Gautamiputra_vihara"_(circa_150_CE)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cave No.3, "Gautamiputra vihara" (circa 150 CE)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cave_No.3,_"Gautamiputra_vihara"_(circa_150_CE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_cave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_cave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>The cave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_cave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inscriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inscriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Inscriptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inscriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caves_No.4-9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caves_No.4-9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Caves No.4-9</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caves_No.4-9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cave_No.10_"Nahapana_Vihara"_(circa_120_CE)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cave_No.10_"Nahapana_Vihara"_(circa_120_CE)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Cave No.10 "Nahapana Vihara" (circa 120 CE)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cave_No.10_"Nahapana_Vihara"_(circa_120_CE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_cave_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_cave_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>The cave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_cave_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inscriptions_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inscriptions_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Inscriptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inscriptions_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caves_No.11,_"Jain_cave"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caves_No.11,_"Jain_cave""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Caves No.11, "Jain cave"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caves_No.11,_"Jain_cave"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caves_No.12-16" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caves_No.12-16"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Caves No.12-16</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caves_No.12-16-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cave_No.17,_"Yavana_vihara"_(circa_120_CE)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cave_No.17,_"Yavana_vihara"_(circa_120_CE)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Cave No.17, "Yavana vihara" (circa 120 CE)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cave_No.17,_"Yavana_vihara"_(circa_120_CE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_cave_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_cave_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.1</span> <span>The cave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_cave_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inscription" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inscription"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.2</span> <span>Inscription</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inscription-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cave_No._18:_the_Chaitya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cave_No._18:_the_Chaitya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Cave No. 18: the Chaitya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cave_No._18:_the_Chaitya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_cave_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_cave_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8.1</span> <span>The cave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_cave_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inscriptions_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inscriptions_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8.2</span> <span>Inscriptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inscriptions_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cave_No.19_"Krishna_vihara"_(100-70_BCE)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cave_No.19_"Krishna_vihara"_(100-70_BCE)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Cave No.19 "Krishna vihara" (100-70 BCE)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cave_No.19_"Krishna_vihara"_(100-70_BCE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cave_No.20:_"Sri_Yajna_vihara"_(circa_180_CE)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cave_No.20:_"Sri_Yajna_vihara"_(circa_180_CE)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Cave No.20: "Sri Yajna vihara" (circa 180 CE)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cave_No.20:_"Sri_Yajna_vihara"_(circa_180_CE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caves_No.21-24" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caves_No.21-24"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Caves No.21-24</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caves_No.21-24-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Routes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nasik Caves</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandavleni-H%C3%B6hlen_(Nashik)" title="Pandavleni-Höhlen (Nashik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pandavleni-Höhlen (Nashik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuevas_de_Nasik" title="Cuevas de Nasik – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuevas de Nasik" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A7" title="מערות נאשיק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערות נאשיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="നാസിക് ഗുഹകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാസിക് ഗുഹകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="त्रिरश्मी लेणी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="त्रिरश्मी लेणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83" title="كهوف ناسيك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كهوف ناسيك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="पाण्डवलेणी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पाण्डवलेणी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shpellat_Pandavleni" title="Shpellat Pandavleni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shpellat Pandavleni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="නාසික් ලෙන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නාසික් ලෙන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பாண்டவர் குகைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாண்டவர் குகைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="నాసిక్ గుహలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాసిక్ గుహలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7130537#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nasik_Caves" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Nasik_Caves" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nasik_Caves"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nasik_Caves"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Nasik_Caves" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Nasik_Caves" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&oldid=1276110813" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Nasik_Caves&id=1276110813&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNasik_Caves"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNasik_Caves"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nasik_Caves&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nasik_Caves" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7130537" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nasik_Caves&params=19.9412_N_73.7486_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°56′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°44′55″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.9412°N 73.7486°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.9412; 73.7486</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Buddhist caves in India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Merge_from plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that <i><a href="/wiki/Nasik_inscription_of_Ushavadata" title="Nasik inscription of Ushavadata">Nasik inscription of Ushavadata</a></i> be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into this article. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Nasik_Caves#Proposed_merge_of_Nasik_inscription_of_Ushavadata_into_Nasik_Caves" title="Talk:Nasik Caves">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since November 2024.</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/36px-Acap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/54px-Acap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/72px-Acap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">copy editing</a> for All sorts of things</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can assist by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nasik_Caves" title="Special:EditPage/Nasik Caves">editing it</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Trirashmi Caves<br />Buddhaleni Caves</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_cave_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nasik_cave_17.jpg/250px-Nasik_cave_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nasik_cave_17.jpg/375px-Nasik_cave_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nasik_cave_17.jpg/500px-Nasik_cave_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="1357" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nasik Caves, Cave No. 17, built circa 120 CE.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:220px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:220px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:220px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Trirashmi Caves Buddhaleni Caves"><img alt="Map showing the location of Trirashmi Caves Buddhaleni Caves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/220px-India_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/330px-India_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/440px-India_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.027%;left:21.089%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nasik Caves"><img alt="Map showing the location of Trirashmi Caves Buddhaleni Caves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Nasik<br />Caves</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of India</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:220px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:220px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:220px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Trirashmi Caves Buddhaleni Caves"><img alt="Map showing the location of Trirashmi Caves Buddhaleni Caves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg/220px-India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg/330px-India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg/440px-India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="901" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.129%;left:15.569%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nasik Caves"><img alt="Map showing the location of Trirashmi Caves Buddhaleni Caves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Nasik<br />Caves</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Maharashtra</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nasik_Caves&params=19.9412_N_73.7486_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°56′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°44′55″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.9412°N 73.7486°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.9412; 73.7486</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background:#FFFEE9; border:3px solid #af4730"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#af4630; color:white"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist Pilgrimage"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Pilgrimage to</span></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#af4630; color:white"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist Pilgrimage"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Buddha's Holy Sites</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/80px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/120px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/160px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#af4630; color:white;color: var(--color-base)">The Four Main Sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#af4630; color:white;color: var(--color-base)">Four Additional Sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajgir" title="Rajgir">Rajgir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankissa" title="Sankissa">Sankissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravasti" title="Shravasti">Shravasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishali_(ancient_city)" title="Vaishali (ancient city)">Vaishali</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#af4630; color:white;color: var(--color-base)">Other Sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati_Stupa" title="Amaravati Stupa">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabar_Caves" title="Barabar Caves">Barabar Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharhut" title="Bharhut">Bharhut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandavaram_Buddhist_site" title="Chandavaram Buddhist site">Chandavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devdaha" title="Devdaha">Devdaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapilavastu_(ancient_city)" title="Kapilavastu (ancient city)">Kapilavastu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesaria_Stupa" title="Kesaria Stupa">Kesaria Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosambi" title="Kosambi">Kosambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalitgiri" title="Lalitgiri">Lalitgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81v%C4%81" title="Pāvā">Pāvā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piprahwa" title="Piprahwa">Piprahwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpagiri_Vihara" title="Pushpagiri Vihara">Pushpagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramagrama_stupa" title="Ramagrama stupa">Ramagrama stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnagiri,_Odisha" title="Ratnagiri, Odisha">Ratnagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanchi" title="Sanchi">Sanchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udayagiri,_Odisha" title="Udayagiri, Odisha">Udayagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaurakot" title="Tilaurakot">Tilaurakot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramashila" title="Vikramashila">Vikramashila</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BuddhasHolySites" title="Template:BuddhasHolySites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BuddhasHolySites" title="Template talk:BuddhasHolySites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BuddhasHolySites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BuddhasHolySites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Trirashmi Caves</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Nashik Caves or <a href="/wiki/Pandavleni" title="Pandavleni">Pandavleni</a></b> </p><p>Most of the caves are <a href="/wiki/Viharas" class="mw-redirect" title="Viharas">viharas</a> except for Cave 18 which is a <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">chaitya</a> of the 1st century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Michell,_384_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michell,_384-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The style of some of the elaborate pillars or columns, for example in caves 3 and 10, is an important example of the development of the form.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location of the caves is a holy Buddhist site and is located about 8 km south of the centre of <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a> (or Nasik), <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, India. </p><p>The <b>Pandavleni</b> is another name suggested by scholars derived from <a href="/wiki/Pandavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandavas">Pandavas</a>, characters in the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> epic. As it has many things similar to <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> culture. </p><p>Other caves in the area are <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhaja_Caves" title="Bhaja Caves">Bhaja Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patan_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Patan Cave">Patan Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bedse_Caves" title="Bedse Caves">Bedse Caves</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caves">Caves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Caves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are a group of twenty-four Hinayana Buddhist caves whose excavation was financed by the local <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> Kings. Cave No. 3 is a large vihara or monastery with some interesting sculptures. Cave No. 10 is also a vihara and almost identical in design to Cave No. 3, but is much older and finer in detail. It is thought to be nearly as old as the Karla Cave near Lonavala. Cave No. 18 is a <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">chaitya</a> worship hall believed to be similar in date to the Karla Caves. It is well sculptured, and its elaborate facade is particularly noteworthy. The cave houses the statues of Buddha, Jain Tirthankara <a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%9A%E1%B9%A3abhadeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṛṣabhadeva">Ṛṣabhadeva</a>, and icons of the Jain <a href="/wiki/Yak%E1%B9%A3as" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakṣas">yakṣas</a> <a href="/wiki/Ma%E1%B9%87ibhadra" title="Maṇibhadra">Maṇibhadra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ambik%C4%81_(Jainism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambikā (Jainism)">Ambikā</a>. The interiors of the caves were popular meeting places for the disciples, where sermons were delivered. There are water tanks that have been skilfully carved out of the solid rock.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monsoon_Greens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Monsoon_Greens.jpg/220px-Monsoon_Greens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Monsoon_Greens.jpg/330px-Monsoon_Greens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Monsoon_Greens.jpg/440px-Monsoon_Greens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="1732" /></a><figcaption>Panorama from the caves, during the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> season.</figcaption></figure> <p>These caves are some of the oldest in Maharashtra. Some of them are large and contain numerous chambers - these rock-cut caves served as a viharas or monasteries for the monks to meet and hear sermons. One of the vihara caves is older and finer in sculptural detail and is thought to be nearly as old as the Karla Cave near <a href="/wiki/Lonavala" title="Lonavala">Lonavala</a>. Another (cave No. 18) is a chaitya (type of cave used for chanting and meditation). It is similar in age to some of the Karla Caves and has a particularly elaborate facade. </p><p>The cave has images of Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, sculptures representing the King, farmers, merchants and rich iconography depicting a beautiful amalgamation of Indo - Greek architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site has an excellent ancient water management system and skillfully chiseled out of solid rock are several <a href="/wiki/Irrigation_tank" title="Irrigation tank">water tanks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandav_img4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pandav_img4.JPG/300px-Pandav_img4.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pandav_img4.JPG/450px-Pandav_img4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pandav_img4.JPG/600px-Pandav_img4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Part of the caves (Caves No.6 to No.8) at Pandavleni.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:092pandavleni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/092pandavleni.jpg/220px-092pandavleni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/092pandavleni.jpg/330px-092pandavleni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/092pandavleni.jpg/440px-092pandavleni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Additional caves under the visitor's path at Pandavleni.</figcaption></figure> <p>The caves can be traced back up to the 1st century BCE by inscriptions recording donations.<sup id="cite_ref-Michell,_384_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michell,_384-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Out of the twenty-four caves, two caves are a major attraction - the main cave which is the Chaitya (prayer hall) has a Stupa; the second one is Cave No. 10 which is complete in all structural as well inscriptions. Both of the caves have pictures of Buddha over the rocks. The caves are facing eastwards. </p><p>The caves were called Pundru which in Pali language means "yellow ochre color". This is because the caves were the residence of Buddhist monks who wore "the chivara or the yellow robes". Later on, the word Pundru changed to Pandu Caves (as per Ancient Monuments Act 26 May 1909). Decades later people started calling it Pandav Caves - a misnomer which is used for every cave in India. </p><p>The various inscriptions confirm that Nashik in that period was ruled by three dynasties – the <a href="/wiki/Western_Kshatrapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Kshatrapa">Western Kshatrapas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana">Satavahanas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Abhira_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhira tribe">Abhiras</a>. It seems there was always a conflict between Satavahanas and the Kshatrapas over supremacy. However, all the three kings fully supported Buddhism. The inscriptions also confirm that apart from the kings, local merchants, landlords too supported and donated huge sums for the development of these caves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Layout_and_content">Layout and content</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Layout and content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group of 24 caves was cut in a long line on the north face of a hill called Trirasmi. The main interest of this group lies not only in its bearing on its walls a number of inscriptions of great historical significance belonging to the reign of Satavahana and Kshaharatas or Kshatrapas. But also in its representing a brilliant phase in the Rock-Cut architecture of the second century CE. There are altogether 24 excavations though many of these are small and less important. Beginning at the east end they may conveniently be numbered westward. They are almost entirely of an early date and were excavated by the <a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a> sect. Mostly, the interior of the caves are starkly plain, in contrast to the heavily ornamented exterior. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_caves_and_their_inscriptions">The caves and their inscriptions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The caves and their inscriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inscriptions in caves 3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19 and 20 are legible. Other inscriptions note the names Bhattapalika, <a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satkarni" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautamiputra Satkarni">Gautamiputra Satkarni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vashishthiputra_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashishthiputra Pulumavi">Vashishthiputra Pulumavi</a> of the Satavahanas, two of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushavadata" title="Ushavadata">Ushavadata</a> and his wife Dakshamitra, and the <a href="/wiki/Yavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana">Yavana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greek">Indo-Greek</a>) Dhammadeva. </p><p>Since the caves were inhabited by the Mahayana as well as the Hinayana sects of Buddhism, one can see a nice confluence of structural and carvings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caves_No._1-2">Caves No. 1-2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Caves No. 1-2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cave No.1: except the ornamental frieze over the front, no part of this cave is finished; it has been planned for a <a href="/wiki/Vihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vihara">Vihara</a>, with four columns between pilasters in front of a narrow verandah, but they are all left square masses. A cell has been begun at each end of the verandah. The front wall has been more recently partly blasted away. There are no inscriptions in this cave.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:001_Cave_1,_Exterior,_Side_(33584610070).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 1, exterior"><img alt="Cave 1, exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/001_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584610070%29.jpg/338px-001_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584610070%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/001_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584610070%29.jpg/507px-001_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584610070%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/001_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584610070%29.jpg/675px-001_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584610070%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 1, exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:002_Cave_1,_Exterior,_Front_(33584607550).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 1, front"><img alt="Cave 1, front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/002_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584607550%29.jpg/338px-002_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584607550%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/002_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584607550%29.jpg/507px-002_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584607550%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/002_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584607550%29.jpg/675px-002_Cave_1%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584607550%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 1, front</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:003_Cave_1,_Interior,_Cell_(33584605610).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/003_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Cell_%2833584605610%29.jpg/338px-003_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Cell_%2833584605610%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/003_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Cell_%2833584605610%29.jpg/507px-003_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Cell_%2833584605610%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/003_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Cell_%2833584605610%29.jpg/675px-003_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Cell_%2833584605610%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:004_Cave_1,_Interior,_Window_(33584603290).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/004_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Window_%2833584603290%29.jpg/338px-004_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Window_%2833584603290%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/004_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Window_%2833584603290%29.jpg/507px-004_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Window_%2833584603290%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/004_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Window_%2833584603290%29.jpg/675px-004_Cave_1%2C_Interior%2C_Window_%2833584603290%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5579" data-file-height="3719" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cave No.2 is a small excavation that may have been originally a verandah, 11.5 feet by 4.25 feet, with two cells at the back; but the front wall and dividing partition have been cut away, and the walls nearly covered with sculpture, consisting of sitting and standing Buddhas with attendant <a href="/wiki/Chauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Chauri">chauri</a>-bearers, in some cases unfinished. These are the additions of <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> Buddhists of the sixth or seventh century.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <p>The verandah has apparently had two wooden pillars, and the projecting frieze is carved with the "rail pattern", much weather worn, and apparently very old. On the remaining fragment of the back wall of the verandah, close under the roof, is a fragment of an inscription of <a href="/wiki/Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana">Satavahana</a> king <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Sri Pulumavi</a> (2nd century CE): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Success! On the ..... day of the fifth -5th- fortnight of summer<br /> in the sixth -6th- year of king <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Siri-Pulumayi</a>, son of Vasithi...."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Cave No.2, inscription No.1<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Between this and the next cave are a tank with two openings above it, a large scarped out place, and two decayed recesses, one of them a tank, and all along this space are blocks of rock blasted out, or fallen down from above.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:005_Cave_2,_Exterior,_Side_(33584601570).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 2, exterior"><img alt="Cave 2, exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/005_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584601570%29.jpg/338px-005_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584601570%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/005_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584601570%29.jpg/507px-005_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584601570%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/005_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584601570%29.jpg/675px-005_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Side_%2833584601570%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="2944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 2, exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:006_Cave_2,_Exterior,_Front_(33584599620).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 2, front"><img alt="Cave 2, front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/006_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584599620%29.jpg/338px-006_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584599620%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/006_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584599620%29.jpg/507px-006_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584599620%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/006_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584599620%29.jpg/675px-006_Cave_2%2C_Exterior%2C_Front_%2833584599620%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5199" data-file-height="3466" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 2, front</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:007_Cave_2,_Interior,_Reliefs_(33584597010).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/007_Cave_2%2C_Interior%2C_Reliefs_%2833584597010%29.jpg/338px-007_Cave_2%2C_Interior%2C_Reliefs_%2833584597010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/007_Cave_2%2C_Interior%2C_Reliefs_%2833584597010%29.jpg/507px-007_Cave_2%2C_Interior%2C_Reliefs_%2833584597010%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/007_Cave_2%2C_Interior%2C_Reliefs_%2833584597010%29.jpg/675px-007_Cave_2%2C_Interior%2C_Reliefs_%2833584597010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:008_Cave_2,_Buddha,_Bodhisattvas_and_Devas_(33156268223).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/008_Cave_2%2C_Buddha%2C_Bodhisattvas_and_Devas_%2833156268223%29.jpg/338px-008_Cave_2%2C_Buddha%2C_Bodhisattvas_and_Devas_%2833156268223%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/008_Cave_2%2C_Buddha%2C_Bodhisattvas_and_Devas_%2833156268223%29.jpg/507px-008_Cave_2%2C_Buddha%2C_Bodhisattvas_and_Devas_%2833156268223%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/008_Cave_2%2C_Buddha%2C_Bodhisattvas_and_Devas_%2833156268223%29.jpg/675px-008_Cave_2%2C_Buddha%2C_Bodhisattvas_and_Devas_%2833156268223%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="3667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cave_No.3,_"Gautamiputra_vihara"_(circa_150_CE)"><span id="Cave_No.3.2C_.22Gautamiputra_vihara.22_.28circa_150_CE.29"></span>Cave No.3, "Gautamiputra vihara" (circa 150 CE)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cave No.3, "Gautamiputra vihara" (circa 150 CE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:010_Cave_3,_Exterior_(33156264563).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg/350px-010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg/525px-010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg/700px-010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5133" data-file-height="3422" /></a><figcaption>Cave No.3 "Gautamiputra vihara" (circa 150 CE). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/@19.9412942,73.748008,2a,75y,193.87h,108.11t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1srR4v5fhbFDEAAAGu3P9-Eg!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en">3D Tour</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cave No.3 at <a href="/wiki/Nasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasik">Nasik</a> is one of the most important caves, and the largest, of the <a href="/wiki/Pandavleni" title="Pandavleni">Pandavleni</a> caves complex. It was built and dedicated to the Samgha in the 2nd century CE by Queen Gotami Balasiri, mother of deceased <a href="/wiki/Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana">Satavahana</a> king <a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satakarni" title="Gautamiputra Satakarni">Gautamiputra Satakarni</a>, and contains numerous important inscriptions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_cave">The cave</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The cave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cave is a <a href="/wiki/Vihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vihara">vihara</a> type of cave, meant to provide shelter to Buddhist monks. It is, with cave No.10, the largest Vihara cave in the Pandavleni Caves complex. The hall is 41 feet wide and 46 deep, with a bench round three sides. The cave has six pillars on the front porch, roughly similar to those of the early cave No.10 built by the viceroy of <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a> circa 120 CE. Inside, 18 monk cells are laid out according to a square plan, seven on the right side, six in the back, and five in the left.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Entrance</dt></dl> <p>The central door into this vihara is rudely sculptured in a style that reminds the <a href="/wiki/Sanchi" title="Sanchi">Sanchi</a> gateways; the side pilasters are divided into six compartments, each filled mostly with two men and a woman, in different stages of some story which seems to end in the woman being carried off by one of the men.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Over the door are the three symbols, the <a href="/wiki/Bodhi_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi tree">Bodhi tree</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">dagoba</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">chakra</a>, with worshipers, and at each side is a <a href="/wiki/Dvarapala" title="Dvarapala">dvarapala</a>, or doorkeeper, holding up a bunch of flowers. If the carving on this door be compared with any of those at <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta</a>, it will be found very much ruder and less bold, but the style of headdress agrees with that on the screen walls at <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanheri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanheri">Kanheri</a>, and in the paintings in Cave X at Ajanta, which probably belong to about the same age.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%;">Cave No.3, Entrance gate details </td></tr> <tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Door_of_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Cave.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General layout, reminding of a Sanchi gateway.[8]"><img alt="General layout, reminding of a Sanchi gateway.[8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nasik_Door_of_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Cave.jpg/213px-Nasik_Door_of_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Cave.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nasik_Door_of_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Cave.jpg/320px-Nasik_Door_of_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Cave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nasik_Door_of_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Cave.jpg/426px-Nasik_Door_of_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Cave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General layout, reminding of a <a href="/wiki/Sanchi" title="Sanchi">Sanchi</a> gateway.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:012_Cave_3,_Verandah_and_Door_(33156442493).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Side view"><img alt="Side view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/012_Cave_3%2C_Verandah_and_Door_%2833156442493%29.jpg/338px-012_Cave_3%2C_Verandah_and_Door_%2833156442493%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/012_Cave_3%2C_Verandah_and_Door_%2833156442493%29.jpg/507px-012_Cave_3%2C_Verandah_and_Door_%2833156442493%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/012_Cave_3%2C_Verandah_and_Door_%2833156442493%29.jpg/675px-012_Cave_3%2C_Verandah_and_Door_%2833156442493%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Side view</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 253.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 251.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:016_Cave_3,_Door_Frame_(33584393790).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Door frame"><img alt="Door frame" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/016_Cave_3%2C_Door_Frame_%2833584393790%29.jpg/377px-016_Cave_3%2C_Door_Frame_%2833584393790%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/016_Cave_3%2C_Door_Frame_%2833584393790%29.jpg/567px-016_Cave_3%2C_Door_Frame_%2833584393790%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/016_Cave_3%2C_Door_Frame_%2833584393790%29.jpg/754px-016_Cave_3%2C_Door_Frame_%2833584393790%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4396" data-file-height="2624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Door frame</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:014_Cave_3,_Dwarapala,_Left_(33584577620).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Left Dvarapala"><img alt="Left Dvarapala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg/150px-014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg/225px-014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg/300px-014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3740" data-file-height="5612" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Left <a href="/wiki/Dvarapala" title="Dvarapala">Dvarapala</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:015_Cave_3,_Dwarapala,_Right_(33584570700).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Right Dvarapala"><img alt="Right Dvarapala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/015_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Right_%2833584570700%29.jpg/150px-015_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Right_%2833584570700%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/015_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Right_%2833584570700%29.jpg/225px-015_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Right_%2833584570700%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/015_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Right_%2833584570700%29.jpg/300px-015_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Right_%2833584570700%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3503" data-file-height="5255" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Right <a href="/wiki/Dvarapala" title="Dvarapala">Dvarapala</a></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Pillars</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 40%;" align="right" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%;">Pillars of cave No.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comparison_of_capitals_Cave_10_Nahapana_(left)_vs_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Satakarni.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Comparison of the pillar capitals of Nahapana's Cave 10 (left) and Gautamiputra's Cave 3 (right). The capitals of Cave No.3 are "much poorer in proportion", with a "shorter and less elegant form of the bell-shaped portion, and the corners of the frame that encloses the torus having small figures attached", pointing to a later period imitation.[8]"><img alt="Comparison of the pillar capitals of Nahapana's Cave 10 (left) and Gautamiputra's Cave 3 (right). The capitals of Cave No.3 are "much poorer in proportion", with a "shorter and less elegant form of the bell-shaped portion, and the corners of the frame that encloses the torus having small figures attached", pointing to a later period imitation.[8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Comparison_of_capitals_Cave_10_Nahapana_%28left%29_vs_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Satakarni.jpg/370px-Comparison_of_capitals_Cave_10_Nahapana_%28left%29_vs_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Satakarni.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Comparison_of_capitals_Cave_10_Nahapana_%28left%29_vs_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Satakarni.jpg/555px-Comparison_of_capitals_Cave_10_Nahapana_%28left%29_vs_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Satakarni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Comparison_of_capitals_Cave_10_Nahapana_%28left%29_vs_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Satakarni.jpg/740px-Comparison_of_capitals_Cave_10_Nahapana_%28left%29_vs_Cave_3_Gautamiputra_Satakarni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Comparison of the pillar capitals of <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a>'s Cave 10 (left) and <a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satakarni" title="Gautamiputra Satakarni">Gautamiputra</a>'s Cave 3 (right). The capitals of Cave No.3 are "much poorer in proportion", with a "shorter and less elegant form of the bell-shaped portion, and the corners of the frame that encloses the torus having small figures attached", pointing to a later period imitation.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Cave_3_columns.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave No.3 pillars (back view). They have no base, and "stand on a bench in the veranda, and in front of them is a carved screen".[8]"><img alt="Cave No.3 pillars (back view). They have no base, and "stand on a bench in the veranda, and in front of them is a carved screen".[8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nasik_Cave_3_columns.jpg/174px-Nasik_Cave_3_columns.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nasik_Cave_3_columns.jpg/261px-Nasik_Cave_3_columns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nasik_Cave_3_columns.jpg/348px-Nasik_Cave_3_columns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2293" data-file-height="3947" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave No.3 pillars (back view). They have no base, and "stand on a bench in the veranda, and in front of them is a carved screen".<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The veranda has six octagonal columns without bases between highly sculptured pilasters. The capitals of these pillars are distinguished from those in the <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a> Cave No.10 by the shorter and less elegant form of the bell-shaped portion of them, and by the corners of the frame that encloses the torus having small figures attached; both alike have a series of five thin members, overlapping one another and supporting four animals on each capital, bullocks, elephants, horses, <a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">sphinxes</a>, etc..., between the front and back pairs of which runs the <a href="/wiki/Architrave" title="Architrave">architrave</a>, supporting a projecting <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">frieze</a>, with all the details of a wooden framing copied in it. The upper part of the frieze in this case is richly carved with a string course of animals under a richly carved rail, resembling in its design and elaborateness the rails at <a href="/wiki/Amravati" title="Amravati">Amravati</a>, with which this vihara must be nearly, if not quite contemporary. The pillars stand on a bench in the veranda, and in front of them is a carved screen, supported by three dwarfs on each side the steps to the entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> The details of this cave and No.10 are so alike that the one must be regarded as a copy of the other, but the capitals in No.10 are so like those of the <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a> <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaitya</a>, while those in the veranda of this cave are so much poorer in proportion, that one is tempted to suppose this belongs to a later period, when art had begun to decay.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Comparison with other sites</dt></dl> <p>The architecture of the Nahapana cave (Cave No.10) is very similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a> Great <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaitya</a>. Conversely, the architecture of Cave No.3 is very similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Kanheri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanheri">Kanheri</a> <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaitya</a>. This suggest that the two viharas cannot be very distant in date from the two Chaityas.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.3, "Gautamiputra Vihara" (reign of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Sri Pulumavi</a>)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:010_Cave_3,_Exterior_(33156264563).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 3, exterior"><img alt="Cave 3, exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg/338px-010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg/507px-010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg/675px-010_Cave_3%2C_Exterior_%2833156264563%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5133" data-file-height="3422" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 3, exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:011_Cave_3,_Pillars_and_Relief_(33928504416).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 3, pillars"><img alt="Cave 3, pillars" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/011_Cave_3%2C_Pillars_and_Relief_%2833928504416%29.jpg/338px-011_Cave_3%2C_Pillars_and_Relief_%2833928504416%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/011_Cave_3%2C_Pillars_and_Relief_%2833928504416%29.jpg/507px-011_Cave_3%2C_Pillars_and_Relief_%2833928504416%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/011_Cave_3%2C_Pillars_and_Relief_%2833928504416%29.jpg/675px-011_Cave_3%2C_Pillars_and_Relief_%2833928504416%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5663" data-file-height="3776" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 3, pillars</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:020_Cave_3,_Chaitya_Relief_and_Cells_(33584555950).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/020_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_and_Cells_%2833584555950%29.jpg/338px-020_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_and_Cells_%2833584555950%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/020_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_and_Cells_%2833584555950%29.jpg/507px-020_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_and_Cells_%2833584555950%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/020_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_and_Cells_%2833584555950%29.jpg/675px-020_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_and_Cells_%2833584555950%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:014_Cave_3,_Dwarapala,_Left_(33584577620).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dvarapala"><img alt="Dvarapala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg/150px-014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg/225px-014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg/300px-014_Cave_3%2C_Dwarapala%2C_Left_%2833584577620%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3740" data-file-height="5612" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dvarapala" title="Dvarapala">Dvarapala</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:021_Cave_3,_Chaitya_Relief_(33156425683).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chaitya relief"><img alt="Chaitya relief" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/021_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_%2833156425683%29.jpg/150px-021_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_%2833156425683%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/021_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_%2833156425683%29.jpg/225px-021_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_%2833156425683%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/021_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_%2833156425683%29.jpg/300px-021_Cave_3%2C_Chaitya_Relief_%2833156425683%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3654" data-file-height="5481" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chaitya relief</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:018_Cave_3,_Pillar_and_Decoration_(33584566420).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Decoration"><img alt="Decoration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/018_Cave_3%2C_Pillar_and_Decoration_%2833584566420%29.jpg/150px-018_Cave_3%2C_Pillar_and_Decoration_%2833584566420%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/018_Cave_3%2C_Pillar_and_Decoration_%2833584566420%29.jpg/225px-018_Cave_3%2C_Pillar_and_Decoration_%2833584566420%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/018_Cave_3%2C_Pillar_and_Decoration_%2833584566420%29.jpg/300px-018_Cave_3%2C_Pillar_and_Decoration_%2833584566420%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decoration</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 493.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 491.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:103_Cave_no_03_(33928283896).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior panorama"><img alt="Interior panorama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/103_Cave_no_03_%2833928283896%29.jpg/737px-103_Cave_no_03_%2833928283896%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="492" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/103_Cave_no_03_%2833928283896%29.jpg/1106px-103_Cave_no_03_%2833928283896%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/103_Cave_no_03_%2833928283896%29.jpg/1473px-103_Cave_no_03_%2833928283896%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5660" data-file-height="1730" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior panorama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Vihara_No3_plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plan of the vihara"><img alt="Plan of the vihara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nasik_Vihara_No3_plan.jpg/203px-Nasik_Vihara_No3_plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nasik_Vihara_No3_plan.jpg/305px-Nasik_Vihara_No3_plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nasik_Vihara_No3_plan.jpg/407px-Nasik_Vihara_No3_plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="777" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plan of the <a href="/wiki/Vihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vihara">vihara</a></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inscriptions">Inscriptions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Inscriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vashishthiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Vashishthiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg/220px-Vashishthiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Vashishthiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg/330px-Vashishthiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Vashishthiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg/440px-Vashishthiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1198" /></a><figcaption>Cave No.3 was completed and dedicated to the Samgha during the reign of Satavahana king <a href="/wiki/Vasishthiputra_Pulumavi" title="Vasishthiputra Pulumavi">Vasishthiputra Pulumavi</a> (130–159 CE).</figcaption></figure> <p>One long inscription (inscription No.2) in the 19th year of <a href="/wiki/Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana">Satavahana</a> king <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Sri Pulumavi</a> (2nd century CE), explaining that Queen Gotami Balasiri, mother of glorious king <a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satakarni" title="Gautamiputra Satakarni">Gotamiputra</a>, caused this cave to be built and gave it to the <a href="/wiki/Samgha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samgha">Samgha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_60_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_60-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also another long inscription (inscription No.3) by Sri Pulumavi himself, also in the 22nd year of his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_60_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_60-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also inscriptions (inscriptions No.4 and No.5) at the entrance of the cave by <a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satakarni" title="Gautamiputra Satakarni">Gautamiputra Satakarni</a> (2nd century), in the 18th year of his reign, who claims a great victory.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_71_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_71-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most important Nasik Caves inscription was made by Gautamiputra's mother the great queen Gotami Balasiri, during the reign of her grandson <a href="/wiki/Vasishthiputra_Pulumavi" title="Vasishthiputra Pulumavi">Vasishthiputra Pulumavi</a>, in order to record the gift of Cave No.3. The full inscription consists in a long <a href="/wiki/Eulogy" title="Eulogy">eulogy</a> of Gautamiputra Satakarni, mentioning his valour, his military victories, and then her gift of a cave in the Nasik Caves complex. </p><p>The most important passages on this inscription related to the military victories of Gautamiputra Satakarni, in particular: </p> <ul><li>the claim that Gautamiputra Satakarni "destroyed the <a href="/wiki/Sakas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakas">Sakas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yavanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavanas">Yavanas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palhavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Palhavas">Palhavas</a>", alluding respectively to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greeks">Indo-Greeks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthians">Indo-Parthians</a></li> <li>the claim that Gautamitra Satakarni "rooted out the <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Khakharata</a> race" and "restored the glory of the Satavahana family". The Khakharata refers to the Kshaharata dynasty, the family branch of <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a>, the important <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a> ruler.</li></ul> <p>The full inscription, located on the back wall of the veranda above the entrance, reads: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Inscription of Queen Gotami Balasiri</b><br />Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.2, 19th year of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Sri Pulumavi</a><br />(back wall of the veranda, above the left window of the entrance) </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg/300px-Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg/450px-Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg/600px-Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3164" data-file-height="2361" /></a><figcaption>Full inscription of Queen Gotami Balasiri (rubbing).<sup id="cite_ref-EI60_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI60-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saka-Yavana-Pahlava_inscription_in_the_Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Saka-Yavana-Pahlava_inscription_in_the_Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg/220px-Saka-Yavana-Pahlava_inscription_in_the_Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Saka-Yavana-Pahlava_inscription_in_the_Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg/330px-Saka-Yavana-Pahlava_inscription_in_the_Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Saka-Yavana-Pahlava_inscription_in_the_Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg/440px-Saka-Yavana-Pahlava_inscription_in_the_Nasik_cave_3_inscription_of_Queen_Gotami_Balasiri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption>The defeated "<a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Saka</a>-<a href="/wiki/Indo-Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greeks">Yavana</a>-<a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthians">Palhava</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a>: 𑀲𑀓 𑀬𑀯𑀦 𑀧𑀮𑁆𑀳𑀯) mentioned in the Nasik cave 3 inscription of Queen Gotami Balasiri (end of line 5 of the inscription).<sup id="cite_ref-EI60_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI60-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>"Success! In the nineteenth -19th- year of king Siri-<a href="/wiki/Vasishthiputra_Pulumavi" title="Vasishthiputra Pulumavi">Pulumayi Vasithiputra</a>, in the second -2nd- fortnight of summer, on the thirteenth -13th- day, the great queen Gotami Balasiri, delighting in truth, charity, patience and respect for life; bent on penance, self-control, restraint and abstinence; fully working out the type of a royal Rishi's wife; the mother of the king of kings, Siri-<a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satakarni" title="Gautamiputra Satakarni">Satakani Gotamiputa</a>, </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>who was in strength equal to mount Himavat, mount <a href="/wiki/Mount_Meru" title="Mount Meru">Meru</a>, mount Mandara; king of Asika, Asaka, Mulaka, Suratha, Kukura, <a href="/wiki/Aparanta" title="Aparanta">Aparanta</a>, Anupa, Vidabha, Akaravanti; lord of the mountains Vindhya, Chhavata, Parichata, Sahya, Kanhagiri, Macha, Siritana, Malaya, Mahendra, Setagiri, Chakora; obeyed by the circle of all kings on earth;</li> <li>whose face was beautiful and pure like the lotas opened by the rays of the sun; whose chargers had drunk the water of three oceans; whose face was lovely and radiant like the orb of the full moon; whose gait was beautiful like the gait of a choice elephant; whose arms were as muscular and rounded, broad and long as the folds of the lord of serpents; whose fearless hand was wet by the water poured out to impart fearlessness; of unchecked obedience towards his mother; who properly devised time and place for the pursuit of the triple object (of human activity); who sympathised fully with the weal and woe of the citizens;</li> <li>who crushed down the pride and conceit of the <a href="/wiki/Kshatriyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kshatriyas">Kshatriyas</a>; who destroyed the <a href="/wiki/Sakas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakas">Sakas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yavanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavanas">Yavanas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palhavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Palhavas">Palhavas</a>; who never levied nor employed taxes but in conformity to justice; alien to hurting life even towards an offending enemy; the furtherer of the homesteads of the low as well as of the twice-born; who rooted out the <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Khakharata</a> race; who restored the glory of the Satavahana family; whose feet were saluted by all provinces; who stopped the contamination of the four varnas; who conquered multitudes of enemies in many battles; whose victorious banner was unvanquished; whose capital was unassailable to his foes;</li> <li>who had inherited from a long line of ancestors the privilege of kingly music; the abode of traditional lore; the refuge of the virtuous; the asylum of Fortune; the fountain of good manners; the unique controller; the unique archer; the unique hero; the unique Brahmana; in prowess equal to Kama, Kesava, <a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a> and Bhimasena; liberal on festive days in unceasing festivities and assemblies; not inferior in lustre to Nabhaga, Nahusha, Janamejaya, Sagara, Yayati, Rama and Ambartsha; who, vanquishing his enemies in a way as constant as inexhaustible, unthinkable and marvelous; in battles fought by the Wind, <a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a>, the Siddbas, the <a href="/wiki/Yakshas" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakshas">Yakshas</a>, the Rakshasas, the Vidyadharas, the Bhutas, the Gandharvas, the <a href="/wiki/Charan" title="Charan">Charanas</a>, the Moon, the Son, the Asterisms and the Planets, (appeared to be himself) plunging into the sky from the shoulder of his choice elephant; (and) who (thus) raised his family to high fortune,</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>caused, as a pious gift, on the top of the Tiranhu mountain similar to the top of the <a href="/wiki/Kailasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailasa">Kailasa</a>, (this) cave to be made quite equal to the divine mansions (there). And that cave the great queen, mother of a <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> and grandmother of a Maharaja, gives to the Sangha of monks in the person of the fraternity of the Bhadavaniyas; and for the sake of the embellishment of that cave, with a view to honour and please the great queen his grandmother, her grandson lord of [Dakshina]patha, making over the merit of the gift to his father, grants to this meritorious donation (vis. the cave) the village Pisajipadaka on the south-west side of mount Tiranhu.<br /> Renunciation to the enjoyments of every kind." </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Nasik Caves inscription of Queen Gotami Balasiri, Cave No.3<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The next inscription is located right under the inscription of the Queen, only separated by a <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a> and another symbol. The inscription (inscription No.3) was made by <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Sri Pulumavi</a> himself, in the 22nd year of his reign, and records the gift of a village for the welfare of the monks dwelling in the cave built by his grandmother.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_60_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_60-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Inscription of Sri-Pulumavi</b><br />Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.3 (reign of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Sri Pulumavi</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_inscription_No3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nasik_inscription_No3.jpg/300px-Nasik_inscription_No3.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nasik_inscription_No3.jpg/450px-Nasik_inscription_No3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nasik_inscription_No3.jpg/600px-Nasik_inscription_No3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1985" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Inscription of Sri-Pulumavi, Nasik cave No.3.</figcaption></figure> <p>" Success ! The lord of Navanara, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Siri-Pulumavi Vasithiputa</a>, commands Sivakhandila, the officer at Govadhana: The village of Sudisana here in the Govadhana district on the Southern road, which by us, in the 19th year, on the 13th day of the 2nd fortnight of summer, . . . . by the <a href="/wiki/Sramana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sramana">Samanas</a> of Dhanamkata who [dwell] here on mount Tiranhu ......, has been given to be owned by the <a href="/wiki/Bhikshu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhikshu">Bhikshus</a> of that fraternity, the Bhadayaniyas dwelling in the Queen's Cave, to produce a perpetual rent for the care of the cave meritoriously excavated, - in exchange for this gift, -the village of Sudasana,- we give the village of Samalipada, here in the Govadhana district on the Eastern road; and this village of Samalipada, .......by the Maha-Aryaka, you must deliver to be owned by the Bhikshus of the school of the Bhadayaniyas dwelling in the Queen's Cave, to produce a perpetual rent for the care of the cave meritoriously excavated; and to this village of Samalipada we grant the immunity belonging to monk's land, (making it) not to be entered (by royal officers), not to be touched (by any of them), not to be dug for salt, not to be interfered with by the district police, (in short) to enjoy all kinds of immunities. With all these immunities you must invest it; and this donation of the village of Samalipada and the immunities take care to have registered here at Sudasana. And by the (officers) entrusted with the abrogation of the (previous) donation of the Sudasana village it has been ordered. Written by the Mahdsendpati Medhnna ....., kept (?) by the ....... of deeds (?). The deed was delivered in the year 22, the 7th day of the . . fortnight of summer; executed by .... . (?). With a view for the well-being of the inhabitants of Govadhana, Vinhupala proclaims the praise of the Lord: Obeisance to the Being exalted in perfection and majesty, the excellent Jina, the Buddha." </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Nasik Caves inscription of Sri-Pulumavi, Cave No.3<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The next inscription of the cave is very important in that it seems to record the appropriation by king <a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satakarni" title="Gautamiputra Satakarni">Gautamiputra Satakarni</a> of a land previously owned by <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a>'s viceroy <a href="/wiki/Rishabhadatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rishabhadatta">Usubhadata</a>, builder of Cave No.10, thereby confirming the capture of territory by the Satavahanas over the Western Satraps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2008383_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2008383-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since his mother made the final dedication of the cave during the reign of his son (inscription No.2 above), Gautamiputra Satakarni may have started the cave, but not finished it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudhakar_Chattopadhyaya197492_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudhakar_Chattopadhyaya197492-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inscription is on the east wall of the veranda in Cave No. 3, under the ceiling. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, year 18</b><br />Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_inscription_No4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Nasik_inscription_No4.jpg/300px-Nasik_inscription_No4.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Nasik_inscription_No4.jpg/450px-Nasik_inscription_No4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Nasik_inscription_No4.jpg/600px-Nasik_inscription_No4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1887" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>Inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, Cave No.3, Inscription No.4.</figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:017_Cave_3,_Inscription_(33928306816).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/017_Cave_3%2C_Inscription_%2833928306816%29.jpg/300px-017_Cave_3%2C_Inscription_%2833928306816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/017_Cave_3%2C_Inscription_%2833928306816%29.jpg/450px-017_Cave_3%2C_Inscription_%2833928306816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/017_Cave_3%2C_Inscription_%2833928306816%29.jpg/600px-017_Cave_3%2C_Inscription_%2833928306816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5391" data-file-height="1983" /></a><figcaption>The two inscriptions of Gautamiputra Satakarni, written one after another. Cave No.3, Inscription No.4.</figcaption></figure><p><br /> </p><p>" Success! From the camp of victory of the Vejayanti army, Siri-<a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satakarni" title="Gautamiputra Satakarni">Sadakani Gotamiputa</a>, lord of Benakataka of Govadhana, commands Vinhupalita, the officer at Govadhana: The Ajakalakiya field in the village of Western Kakhadi, previously enjoyed by <a href="/wiki/Rishabhadatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rishabhadatta">Usabhadata</a>, - two hundred - 200 - nivartanas, - that our field - two hundred - 200 - nivartanas - we confer on those Tekirasi ascetics; and to that field we grant immunity, (making it) not to be entered (by royal officers), not to be touched (by any of them), not to be dug for salt, not to be interfered with by the district police, and (in short) to enjoy all kinds of immunities; with those immunities invest it; and this field and these immunities take care to have registered here. Verbally ordered; written down by the officer Sivaguta; kept by the Mahasamiyas. The deed was delivered in the 18th year, on the 1st day of the 2nd fortnight of the rainy season; executed by Tapasa." </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Nasik Caves inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, Cave No.3<sup id="cite_ref-p.71-72_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.71-72-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A final inscription, written as a continuation of the previous one, and only separated by a <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a>, describes a correction to the previous inscription, as the donated lands and villages turned to be inappropriate. The inscription reads: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, year 24</b><br />Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_inscription_No5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Nasik_inscription_No5.jpg/300px-Nasik_inscription_No5.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Nasik_inscription_No5.jpg/450px-Nasik_inscription_No5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Nasik_inscription_No5.jpg/600px-Nasik_inscription_No5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1922" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>Inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, Cave No.3, Inscription No.5.</figcaption></figure> <p>" Success ! Order of the king, to be made over to Samaka, the officer at Govadhana, In the name of the king Satakani Gotamiputa and of the king's queen mother whose son is living, Samaka, the officer at Govadhana, shall be addressed with the usual civility and then shall be told thus: " We have here on mount Tiranhu formerly given to the mendicant ascetics dwelling in the cave which is a pious gift of ours, a field in the village of Kakhadi; but this field is not tilled, nor is the village inhabited. Matters being so, that royal village of ours, which is now here on the limit of the town, from that field we give to the mendicant ascetics of Tiranhu one hundred -100 - nivartanas of land, and to that field we grant immunity, (making it) not to be entered (by royal officers), not to be touched (by any of them), not to be dug for salt, not to be interfered with by the district police, and (in short) to enjoy ail kinds of immunities; invest it with those immunities, and take care that the donation of the field and the immunities are duly registered." Verbally ordered; the deed written down by Lota, the door-keeper; (the charter) executed by Sujivin in the year 24, in the 4th fortnight of the rainy season, on the fifth -5th- day. The donation had been made in the year 24, in the 2nd fortnight of summer, on the 10th day." </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Nasik Caves inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, Cave No.3<sup id="cite_ref-p.71-72_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.71-72-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caves_No.4-9">Caves No.4-9</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Caves No.4-9"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.4</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cave No.4 is much destroyed and full of water to a considerable depth. The frieze is at a very considerable height, and is carved with the "rail pattern". The veranda has had two octagonal pillars between <a href="/wiki/Anta_(architecture)" title="Anta (architecture)">antae</a>, with bell-shaped capitals, surmounted by elephants with small drivers and female riders. There has also been a plain doorway and two grated windows leading into the cave, but only the heads of them remain. From the unusual height and the chisel marks in the lower part, apparently recent, it seems as if the floor of this cave had been cut away into a cistern below it. Indeed, when the cave ceased to be used as a monastery, from the breaking through of the floor into the water cistern below, the floor seems to have been quite hewn out to form a cistern. This seems to have been done in many cases here.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>There are no inscriptions in this cave.<br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:024_Cave_4,_Front_View_(33156417033).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 4, exterior"><img alt="Cave 4, exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/024_Cave_4%2C_Front_View_%2833156417033%29.jpg/338px-024_Cave_4%2C_Front_View_%2833156417033%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/024_Cave_4%2C_Front_View_%2833156417033%29.jpg/507px-024_Cave_4%2C_Front_View_%2833156417033%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/024_Cave_4%2C_Front_View_%2833156417033%29.jpg/675px-024_Cave_4%2C_Front_View_%2833156417033%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5265" data-file-height="3510" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 4, exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:025_Cave_4,_Capital_1_(33156414543).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 4, pillar capital"><img alt="Cave 4, pillar capital" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/025_Cave_4%2C_Capital_1_%2833156414543%29.jpg/338px-025_Cave_4%2C_Capital_1_%2833156414543%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/025_Cave_4%2C_Capital_1_%2833156414543%29.jpg/507px-025_Cave_4%2C_Capital_1_%2833156414543%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/025_Cave_4%2C_Capital_1_%2833156414543%29.jpg/675px-025_Cave_4%2C_Capital_1_%2833156414543%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5751" data-file-height="3834" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 4, pillar capital</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:026_Cave_4,_Capital_3_(33928464506).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 4, pillar capital"><img alt="Cave 4, pillar capital" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/026_Cave_4%2C_Capital_3_%2833928464506%29.jpg/338px-026_Cave_4%2C_Capital_3_%2833928464506%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/026_Cave_4%2C_Capital_3_%2833928464506%29.jpg/507px-026_Cave_4%2C_Capital_3_%2833928464506%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/026_Cave_4%2C_Capital_3_%2833928464506%29.jpg/675px-026_Cave_4%2C_Capital_3_%2833928464506%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5445" data-file-height="3630" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 4, pillar capital</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:027_Cave_4,_Looking_Outwards_(33928461986).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 4, view from the inside."><img alt="Cave 4, view from the inside." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/027_Cave_4%2C_Looking_Outwards_%2833928461986%29.jpg/338px-027_Cave_4%2C_Looking_Outwards_%2833928461986%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/027_Cave_4%2C_Looking_Outwards_%2833928461986%29.jpg/507px-027_Cave_4%2C_Looking_Outwards_%2833928461986%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/027_Cave_4%2C_Looking_Outwards_%2833928461986%29.jpg/675px-027_Cave_4%2C_Looking_Outwards_%2833928461986%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 4, view from the inside.</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>There are no inscriptions in this cave. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Caves No.6-7-8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cave No.6 has an inscription, mentioning its dedication by a merchant to the <a href="/wiki/Samgha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samgha">Samgha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_75_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_75-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An inscription at Cave No.7 explains it is a gift by a female ascetic named Tapasini to the Samgha.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_75_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_75-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two inscriptions at Cave No.8 explain the cave is a gift by a fisherman name Mugudasa.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_75_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_75-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:028_Caves_6-9_(33928459836).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="From right to left, cave No.6, cave no.7, cave No.8, cave No.9"><img alt="From right to left, cave No.6, cave no.7, cave No.8, cave No.9" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/028_Caves_6-9_%2833928459836%29.jpg/338px-028_Caves_6-9_%2833928459836%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/028_Caves_6-9_%2833928459836%29.jpg/507px-028_Caves_6-9_%2833928459836%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/028_Caves_6-9_%2833928459836%29.jpg/675px-028_Caves_6-9_%2833928459836%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5888" data-file-height="3925" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">From right to left, cave No.6, cave no.7, cave No.8, cave No.9</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandulena_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 6, exterior"><img alt="Cave 6, exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pandulena_5.jpg/300px-Pandulena_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pandulena_5.jpg/451px-Pandulena_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pandulena_5.jpg/601px-Pandulena_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 6, exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Caves_9_and_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caves 9 and 8."><img alt="Caves 9 and 8." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nasik_Caves_9_and_8.jpg/338px-Nasik_Caves_9_and_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nasik_Caves_9_and_8.jpg/507px-Nasik_Caves_9_and_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nasik_Caves_9_and_8.jpg/675px-Nasik_Caves_9_and_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4929" data-file-height="3285" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Caves 9 and 8.</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.9</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>There are no inscriptions in this cave.<br /> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:030_Cave_9,_Exterior_(33928304756).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 9, exterior"><img alt="Cave 9, exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/030_Cave_9%2C_Exterior_%2833928304756%29.jpg/338px-030_Cave_9%2C_Exterior_%2833928304756%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/030_Cave_9%2C_Exterior_%2833928304756%29.jpg/507px-030_Cave_9%2C_Exterior_%2833928304756%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/030_Cave_9%2C_Exterior_%2833928304756%29.jpg/675px-030_Cave_9%2C_Exterior_%2833928304756%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 9, exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:031_Cave_9,_Interior_(33584532980).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 9, interior"><img alt="Cave 9, interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/031_Cave_9%2C_Interior_%2833584532980%29.jpg/338px-031_Cave_9%2C_Interior_%2833584532980%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/031_Cave_9%2C_Interior_%2833584532980%29.jpg/507px-031_Cave_9%2C_Interior_%2833584532980%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/031_Cave_9%2C_Interior_%2833584532980%29.jpg/675px-031_Cave_9%2C_Interior_%2833584532980%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4531" data-file-height="3020" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 9, interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:032_Cave_9,_Looking_Outward_(33584531740).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 9, looking outward"><img alt="Cave 9, looking outward" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/032_Cave_9%2C_Looking_Outward_%2833584531740%29.jpg/338px-032_Cave_9%2C_Looking_Outward_%2833584531740%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/032_Cave_9%2C_Looking_Outward_%2833584531740%29.jpg/507px-032_Cave_9%2C_Looking_Outward_%2833584531740%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/032_Cave_9%2C_Looking_Outward_%2833584531740%29.jpg/675px-032_Cave_9%2C_Looking_Outward_%2833584531740%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 9, looking outward</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:033_Cave_9,_Pillars_(33584529460).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 9, pillars"><img alt="Cave 9, pillars" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/033_Cave_9%2C_Pillars_%2833584529460%29.jpg/150px-033_Cave_9%2C_Pillars_%2833584529460%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/033_Cave_9%2C_Pillars_%2833584529460%29.jpg/225px-033_Cave_9%2C_Pillars_%2833584529460%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/033_Cave_9%2C_Pillars_%2833584529460%29.jpg/300px-033_Cave_9%2C_Pillars_%2833584529460%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 9, pillars</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cave_No.10_"Nahapana_Vihara"_(circa_120_CE)"><span id="Cave_No.10_.22Nahapana_Vihara.22_.28circa_120_CE.29"></span>Cave No.10 "Nahapana Vihara" (circa 120 CE)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cave No.10 "Nahapana Vihara" (circa 120 CE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:036_Cave_10,_Front_(33928302236).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg/350px-036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg/525px-036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg/700px-036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4417" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption>Cave No.10 "Nahapana Vihara" (circa 120 CE). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/@19.9411679,73.7487037,2a,90y,214.72h,100.68t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1soVclYBjkF-cAAAGu3RCGIQ!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en">3D tour</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_coin_of_Nahapana_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Silver_coin_of_Nahapana_British_Museum.jpg/220px-Silver_coin_of_Nahapana_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Silver_coin_of_Nahapana_British_Museum.jpg/330px-Silver_coin_of_Nahapana_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Silver_coin_of_Nahapana_British_Museum.jpg/440px-Silver_coin_of_Nahapana_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1267" data-file-height="1233" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Scythian">Indo-Scythian</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a> built Cave No.10 circa 120 CE.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_cave_2">The cave</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The cave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cave No. 10 is the second largest Vihara, and contains six inscriptions of the family of <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a>. The six pillars (two of them attached) have more elegant bell-shaped capitals than those in Cave No. 3, and their bases are in the style of those in the <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a> <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaitya</a>, and in that next to the Granesa Lena at <a href="/wiki/Junnar" title="Junnar">Junnar</a>; the frieze also, like those that remain on the other small caves between Nos.4 and 9, is carved with the simple rail pattern. At each end of the verandah is a cell, donated by "Dakhamitra, the daughter of King Kshaharata Kshatrapa Nahapana, and wife of Ushavadata, son of Dinika."<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Inside hall</dt></dl> <p>The inside hall is about 43 feet wide by 45 feet deep, and is entered by three plain doors, and lighted by two windows. It has five benched cells on each side and six in the back; it wants, however, the bench round the inner sides that can be found in Cave No.3; but, as shown by the capital and ornaments still left, it has had a precisely similar <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">dagoba</a> in low relief on the back wall, which has been long afterwards hewn into a figure of <a href="/wiki/Bhairava" title="Bhairava">Bhairava</a>. Outside the veranda, too, on the left-hand side, have been two reliefs of this same god, evidently the later insertions of some Hindu devotee.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Comparisons</dt></dl> <p>Since Nahapana was a contemporary of <a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satakarni" title="Gautamiputra Satakarni">Gautamiputra Satakarni</a>, by whom he was finally vanquished, this cave predates by one generation Cave No. 3, completed in the 18th year of the reign of Gautamiputra's son <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Sri Pulumavi</a>. Cave No.10 is probably contemporary with Cave No. 17, built by an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greek">Indo-Greek</a> "<a href="/wiki/Yavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana">Yavana</a>". </p><p>Nahapana is also known for his association with the Great Chaitya in <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaitya</a> building of Southern Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-WHM_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHM-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cave No. 10 and the Karla Caves Chaitya are extremely similar in style, and thought to be essentially contemporary.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.10 "Nahapana Vihara", circa 120 CE</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Several inscriptions from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a>, explaining his viceroy built and donated the cave (see above in the article). This cave, from the reign of Nahapana is thus dated circa 120 CE. It is earlier than the other viharas of the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana">Satavahana</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Sri Pulumavi</a>, who is posterior to him by a generation.<br /> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:036_Cave_10,_Front_(33928302236).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Front"><img alt="Front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg/338px-036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg/507px-036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg/675px-036_Cave_10%2C_Front_%2833928302236%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4417" data-file-height="2944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Front</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:037_Cave_10,_Verandah_(33125843084).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Veranda"><img alt="Veranda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/037_Cave_10%2C_Verandah_%2833125843084%29.jpg/338px-037_Cave_10%2C_Verandah_%2833125843084%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/037_Cave_10%2C_Verandah_%2833125843084%29.jpg/507px-037_Cave_10%2C_Verandah_%2833125843084%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/037_Cave_10%2C_Verandah_%2833125843084%29.jpg/675px-037_Cave_10%2C_Verandah_%2833125843084%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5117" data-file-height="3412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Veranda</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:038_Cave_10,_Interior_(33928438936).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/038_Cave_10%2C_Interior_%2833928438936%29.jpg/338px-038_Cave_10%2C_Interior_%2833928438936%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/038_Cave_10%2C_Interior_%2833928438936%29.jpg/507px-038_Cave_10%2C_Interior_%2833928438936%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/038_Cave_10%2C_Interior_%2833928438936%29.jpg/675px-038_Cave_10%2C_Interior_%2833928438936%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4478" data-file-height="2987" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:039_Cave_10,_Chaitya_and_Umbrellas_(33928437976).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chaitya and Umbrellas"><img alt="Chaitya and Umbrellas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/039_Cave_10%2C_Chaitya_and_Umbrellas_%2833928437976%29.jpg/338px-039_Cave_10%2C_Chaitya_and_Umbrellas_%2833928437976%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/039_Cave_10%2C_Chaitya_and_Umbrellas_%2833928437976%29.jpg/507px-039_Cave_10%2C_Chaitya_and_Umbrellas_%2833928437976%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/039_Cave_10%2C_Chaitya_and_Umbrellas_%2833928437976%29.jpg/675px-039_Cave_10%2C_Chaitya_and_Umbrellas_%2833928437976%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4715" data-file-height="3143" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chaitya and Umbrellas</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 552.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 550.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Cave_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nasik_Cave_10.jpg/826px-Nasik_Cave_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="551" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nasik_Cave_10.jpg/1240px-Nasik_Cave_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nasik_Cave_10.jpg/1651px-Nasik_Cave_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5660" data-file-height="1749" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Vihara_No10_plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plan of the vihara"><img alt="Plan of the vihara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nasik_Vihara_No10_plan.jpg/257px-Nasik_Vihara_No10_plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nasik_Vihara_No10_plan.jpg/387px-Nasik_Vihara_No10_plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nasik_Vihara_No10_plan.jpg/515px-Nasik_Vihara_No10_plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1585" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plan of the <a href="/wiki/Vihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vihara">vihara</a></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inscriptions_2">Inscriptions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Inscriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nasik_inscription_of_Ushavadata" title="Nasik inscription of Ushavadata">Nasik inscription of Ushavadata</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:040_Cave_10,_Inscription_(33928437016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/040_Cave_10%2C_Inscription_%2833928437016%29.jpg/220px-040_Cave_10%2C_Inscription_%2833928437016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/040_Cave_10%2C_Inscription_%2833928437016%29.jpg/330px-040_Cave_10%2C_Inscription_%2833928437016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/040_Cave_10%2C_Inscription_%2833928437016%29.jpg/440px-040_Cave_10%2C_Inscription_%2833928437016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4809" data-file-height="3206" /></a><figcaption>Inscription No.11 by Dakhamitra, wife of <a href="/wiki/Ushavadata" title="Ushavadata">Ushavadata</a>, in Cave No.10</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karla_caves_Chaitya_pillars_vs_Pandavleni_Cave_No10_pillars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Karla_caves_Chaitya_pillars_vs_Pandavleni_Cave_No10_pillars.jpg/220px-Karla_caves_Chaitya_pillars_vs_Pandavleni_Cave_No10_pillars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Karla_caves_Chaitya_pillars_vs_Pandavleni_Cave_No10_pillars.jpg/330px-Karla_caves_Chaitya_pillars_vs_Pandavleni_Cave_No10_pillars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Karla_caves_Chaitya_pillars_vs_Pandavleni_Cave_No10_pillars.jpg/440px-Karla_caves_Chaitya_pillars_vs_Pandavleni_Cave_No10_pillars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2876" data-file-height="1790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a> Chaitya pillars (left) compared to Pandavleni Caves Cave No10 pillars (right), all built by <a href="/wiki/Ushavadata" title="Ushavadata">Ushavadata</a>, son-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a>, circa 120 CE.</figcaption></figure> <p>The inscriptions of cave no.10 reveal that in 105-106 CE, <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a> defeated the Satavahanas after which Kshatrapa <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a>’s son-in-law and Dinika’s son- <a href="/wiki/Ushavadata" title="Ushavadata">Ushavadata</a> donated 3000 gold coins for this cave as well as for the food and clothing of the monks. The main inscription on the doorfront (inscription No.10) is the earliest known instance of the usage of <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, although a rather hybrid form, in western India.<sup id="cite_ref-RS_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Usabhdatta’s wife (Nahapana’s daughter), Dakshmitra also donated one cave for the Buddhist monks. Cave 10 - 'Nahapana Vihara' is spacious with 16 rooms. </p><p>Over the doorway of the left cell appears the following inscription: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>" Success ! This cell, the gift of Dakhamitra, wife of Ushavadata, son of Dinika, and daughter of king Nahapana, the Khshaharata Kshatrapa."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Inscription No.11, Cave 10, Nasik<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Two inscriptions in Cave 10 mentions the building and the gift of the whole cave to the <a href="/wiki/Samgha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samgha">Samgha</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ushavadata" title="Ushavadata">Ushavadata</a>, the son-in-law and viceroy of Nahapana: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Success ! <a href="/wiki/Ushavadata" title="Ushavadata">Ushavadata</a>, son of Dinika, son-in- law of king Nahapana, the Kshaharata Kshatrapa, (...) inspired by (true) religion, in the Trirasmi hills at <a href="/wiki/Govardhan_Hill" title="Govardhan Hill">Govardhana</a>, has caused this cave to be made and these cisterns."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Part of inscription No.10 of Ushavadata, Cave No.10, Nasik<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Success ! In the year 42, in the month Vesakha, <a href="/wiki/Ushavadata" title="Ushavadata">Ushavadata</a>, son of Dinika, son-in- law of king Nahapana, the Kshaharata Kshatrapa, has bestowed this cave on the <a href="/wiki/Samgha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samgha">Samgha</a> generally...."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Part of inscription No.12 of Ushavadata, Cave No.10, Nasik<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Inscription of Ushavadata, son-in-law of Nahapana</b><br />Nasik Cave No.10, inscription No.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 918px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 916px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inscription_No.10_Cave_No.10_Nasik_caves_(longitudinal).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inscription No.10. of Ushavadata runs the length of the entrance wall, over the doors, and is here visible in parts between the pillars. The imprint was cut in 3 portions for convenience. Cave No.10, Nasik Caves."><img alt="Inscription No.10. of Ushavadata runs the length of the entrance wall, over the doors, and is here visible in parts between the pillars. The imprint was cut in 3 portions for convenience. Cave No.10, Nasik Caves." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Inscription_No.10_Cave_No.10_Nasik_caves_%28longitudinal%29.jpg/1374px-Inscription_No.10_Cave_No.10_Nasik_caves_%28longitudinal%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="916" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Inscription_No.10_Cave_No.10_Nasik_caves_%28longitudinal%29.jpg/2061px-Inscription_No.10_Cave_No.10_Nasik_caves_%28longitudinal%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Inscription_No.10_Cave_No.10_Nasik_caves_%28longitudinal%29.jpg/2748px-Inscription_No.10_Cave_No.10_Nasik_caves_%28longitudinal%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3709" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inscription No.10. of Ushavadata runs the length of the entrance wall, over the doors, and is here visible in parts between the pillars. The imprint was cut in 3 portions for convenience. Cave No.10, Nasik Caves.</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Full text of inscription No.10 (hybrid <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a>):<sup id="cite_ref-RS_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Success! <a href="/wiki/Ushavadata" title="Ushavadata">Ushavadata</a>, Dinika's son, son-in-law of king <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Kshaharata</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Kshatrapa</a>, </p> <ul><li>who has given three-hundred-thousand cows, who has made .gifts of money and <a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">tirthas</a> on the river Barnasa, who has given sixteen villages to the gods and <a href="/wiki/Brahmanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmanas">Brahmanas</a>, who causes one-hundred-thousand Brahmanas to be fed the (whole) year round, who has given eight wives to Brahmanas at the religious <a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">tirtha</a> of Prabhasa, who at <a href="/wiki/Bharuch" title="Bharuch">Bharukachha</a>, Dedapura, Govardhana and Sorparaga has given the shelter of quadrangular rest-houses, who has made wells, tanks, and gardens, who has out of charity established free ferries by boats on the Iba, Parada, Damana, Tapi, Karabena and Dahanuka, and erected on both banks of these rivers shelters for meeting and such for gratuitous distribution of water, who has given thirty-two-thousand stems of coconut trees at the village Nanamgola to the congregation of Charakas at Pimditakvada, Govardhana, Suvarnamukha and the Ramatirtha in Sorparaga,</li> <li>inspired by (true) religion, in the Trirasmi hills at Govardhana, has caused this cave to be made and these cisterns.</li> <li>And by order of the lord I went to release the chief of the <a href="/wiki/Uttamabhadras" title="Uttamabhadras">Uttamabhadras</a>, who had been besieged for the rainy season by the <a href="/wiki/Malavas" title="Malavas">Malayas</a>, and those Malayas fled at the mere roar (of my approaching) as it were, and were all made prisoners of the Uttamabhadra warriors.</li> <li>Thence I went to the Pokshara tanks, and there I bathed and gave three-thousand cows and a village. A field has also been given by him, bought at the hands of the Brahmana Asvibhuti, son of Varahi, for the price of four-thousand - 4,000 - <a href="/wiki/Karshapana" title="Karshapana">karshapanas</a>, which (field) belonged to his father, on the boundary of the town towards the north-western side. From it food will be procured for all monks, without distinction, dwelling in my cave."</li></ul> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Inscription of Ushavadata, Nasik Cave No.10, inscription No.10.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caves_No.11,_"Jain_cave""><span id="Caves_No.11.2C_.22Jain_cave.22"></span>Caves No.11, "Jain cave"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Caves No.11, "Jain cave""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cave No.11 is close to Cave No.10, but at a somewhat higher level. In the left end of the veranda is the fragment of a seat; the room inside is 11 feet 7 inches by 7 feet 10 inches, having a cell, 6 feet 8 inches square, at the left end, and another, not quite so large, at the back, with a bench at the side and back. In the front room is carved, on the back wall, in low relief, a sitting figure and attendants on a lion throne, and on the right-end wall a fat figure of <a href="/wiki/Ambika_(Jainism)" title="Ambika (Jainism)">Amba</a> on a tiger with attendants, and an <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a> on an elephant: all are small, clumsily carved, and evidently of late <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jaina</a> workmanship.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cave No.11 has one inscription mentioning it is the gift of the son of a writer: " the benefaction of Ramanaka, the son of Sivamitra, the writer."<sup id="cite_ref-EI_90_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_90-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.11</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:041_Caves_11-14_(33928435726).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caves 11 (forefront with stairs) to 14, exterior"><img alt="Caves 11 (forefront with stairs) to 14, exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/041_Caves_11-14_%2833928435726%29.jpg/338px-041_Caves_11-14_%2833928435726%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/041_Caves_11-14_%2833928435726%29.jpg/507px-041_Caves_11-14_%2833928435726%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/041_Caves_11-14_%2833928435726%29.jpg/675px-041_Caves_11-14_%2833928435726%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Caves 11 (forefront with stairs) to 14, exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:042_Cave_11,_Reliefs_(33928300476).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 11, Jain reliefs"><img alt="Cave 11, Jain reliefs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/042_Cave_11%2C_Reliefs_%2833928300476%29.jpg/338px-042_Cave_11%2C_Reliefs_%2833928300476%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/042_Cave_11%2C_Reliefs_%2833928300476%29.jpg/507px-042_Cave_11%2C_Reliefs_%2833928300476%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/042_Cave_11%2C_Reliefs_%2833928300476%29.jpg/675px-042_Cave_11%2C_Reliefs_%2833928300476%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5612" data-file-height="3741" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 11, Jain reliefs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:043_Cave_11,_Relief_(33969644505).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 11, Jain reliefs"><img alt="Cave 11, Jain reliefs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/043_Cave_11%2C_Relief_%2833969644505%29.jpg/150px-043_Cave_11%2C_Relief_%2833969644505%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/043_Cave_11%2C_Relief_%2833969644505%29.jpg/225px-043_Cave_11%2C_Relief_%2833969644505%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/043_Cave_11%2C_Relief_%2833969644505%29.jpg/300px-043_Cave_11%2C_Relief_%2833969644505%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2773" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 11, Jain reliefs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Ambika_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 11, Relief of Ambika"><img alt="Cave 11, Relief of Ambika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jain_Ambika_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg/169px-Jain_Ambika_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jain_Ambika_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg/253px-Jain_Ambika_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jain_Ambika_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg/337px-Jain_Ambika_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 11, Relief of Ambika</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Indra_or_MAnibhadra_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 11, Relief of Indra"><img alt="Cave 11, Relief of Indra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Jain_Indra_or_MAnibhadra_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg/169px-Jain_Indra_or_MAnibhadra_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Jain_Indra_or_MAnibhadra_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg/253px-Jain_Indra_or_MAnibhadra_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Jain_Indra_or_MAnibhadra_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg/337px-Jain_Indra_or_MAnibhadra_Relief_in_Nasik_Cave_No._11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 11, Relief of Indra</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caves_No.12-16">Caves No.12-16</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Caves No.12-16"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cave No.12 has one inscription mentioning it is the gift of a merchant named Ramanaka.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_90_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_90-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cave No.13 has no inscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_90_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_90-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Caves No.12-13-14</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>This is a group of chambers, probably the remains of three <a href="/wiki/Bhikshu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhikshu">bhikshugrihas</a> or hermitages, with one, two, and three cells respectively. The first has an inscription of a certain Hamanaka, mentioning an endowment of 100 <a href="/wiki/Karshapana" title="Karshapana">karshapanas</a> for "a garment to the ascetic residing in it during the rains". To the left is a tank, and then for thirty yards everything has been blasted and quarried away.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>There are no inscriptions in the other two caves.<br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandulena_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caves 12, 13 and Cave 14 (extreme left)"><img alt="Caves 12, 13 and Cave 14 (extreme left)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pandulena_2.jpg/300px-Pandulena_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pandulena_2.jpg/451px-Pandulena_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pandulena_2.jpg/601px-Pandulena_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Caves 12, 13 and Cave 14 (extreme left)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:045_Cave_14,_from_Outside_(33156381053).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caves 14, exterior"><img alt="Caves 14, exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/045_Cave_14%2C_from_Outside_%2833156381053%29.jpg/150px-045_Cave_14%2C_from_Outside_%2833156381053%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/045_Cave_14%2C_from_Outside_%2833156381053%29.jpg/225px-045_Cave_14%2C_from_Outside_%2833156381053%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/045_Cave_14%2C_from_Outside_%2833156381053%29.jpg/300px-045_Cave_14%2C_from_Outside_%2833156381053%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3719" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Caves 14, exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046_Cave_14,_Buddha_Sitting_(33156378993).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 14, Buddha sitting"><img alt="Cave 14, Buddha sitting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/046_Cave_14%2C_Buddha_Sitting_%2833156378993%29.jpg/150px-046_Cave_14%2C_Buddha_Sitting_%2833156378993%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/046_Cave_14%2C_Buddha_Sitting_%2833156378993%29.jpg/225px-046_Cave_14%2C_Buddha_Sitting_%2833156378993%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/046_Cave_14%2C_Buddha_Sitting_%2833156378993%29.jpg/300px-046_Cave_14%2C_Buddha_Sitting_%2833156378993%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3461" data-file-height="5192" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 14, Buddha sitting</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:047_Cave_14,_Bodhisattvas_(33156374993).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 14, Bodhisattvas"><img alt="Cave 14, Bodhisattvas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/047_Cave_14%2C_Bodhisattvas_%2833156374993%29.jpg/150px-047_Cave_14%2C_Bodhisattvas_%2833156374993%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/047_Cave_14%2C_Bodhisattvas_%2833156374993%29.jpg/225px-047_Cave_14%2C_Bodhisattvas_%2833156374993%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/047_Cave_14%2C_Bodhisattvas_%2833156374993%29.jpg/300px-047_Cave_14%2C_Bodhisattvas_%2833156374993%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3027" data-file-height="4541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 14, Bodhisattvas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:048_Cave_14,_Two_Bodhisattvas_(33156372643).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 14, Bodhisattvas"><img alt="Cave 14, Bodhisattvas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/048_Cave_14%2C_Two_Bodhisattvas_%2833156372643%29.jpg/150px-048_Cave_14%2C_Two_Bodhisattvas_%2833156372643%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/048_Cave_14%2C_Two_Bodhisattvas_%2833156372643%29.jpg/225px-048_Cave_14%2C_Two_Bodhisattvas_%2833156372643%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/048_Cave_14%2C_Two_Bodhisattvas_%2833156372643%29.jpg/300px-048_Cave_14%2C_Two_Bodhisattvas_%2833156372643%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3759" data-file-height="5639" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 14, Bodhisattvas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 341.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 339.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:106_Cave_no_14_(33969538375).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave 14, interior panorama"><img alt="Cave 14, interior panorama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/106_Cave_no_14_%2833969538375%29.jpg/509px-106_Cave_no_14_%2833969538375%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/106_Cave_no_14_%2833969538375%29.jpg/765px-106_Cave_no_14_%2833969538375%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/106_Cave_no_14_%2833969538375%29.jpg/1018px-106_Cave_no_14_%2833969538375%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5660" data-file-height="2502" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave 14, interior panorama</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.15</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cave No.15 seems to be only the inner shrines of a two-storeyed cave, the whole front of which has disappeared, and the upper is only accessible by a ladder. Both have on each of their three walls a sitting <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> with the usual standing attendants, similar to what we find in Caves No.2 and 23, and in the later Ajanta Caves. These are, apparently, <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> works. Beyond them, another fifty feet has been quarried away by blasting, which has been continued along the outer portion of the terrace of Cave No.17.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>There are no inscriptions in this cave.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 341.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 339.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Cave_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior panorama"><img alt="Interior panorama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nasik_Cave_15.jpg/509px-Nasik_Cave_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nasik_Cave_15.jpg/765px-Nasik_Cave_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nasik_Cave_15.jpg/1018px-Nasik_Cave_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5660" data-file-height="2503" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior panorama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:049_Cave_15,_Front_View_(33811690482).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Front"><img alt="Front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/049_Cave_15%2C_Front_View_%2833811690482%29.jpg/338px-049_Cave_15%2C_Front_View_%2833811690482%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/049_Cave_15%2C_Front_View_%2833811690482%29.jpg/507px-049_Cave_15%2C_Front_View_%2833811690482%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/049_Cave_15%2C_Front_View_%2833811690482%29.jpg/675px-049_Cave_15%2C_Front_View_%2833811690482%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Front</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:050_Cave_15,_Buddha_(33584490400).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buddha"><img alt="Buddha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/050_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_%2833584490400%29.jpg/150px-050_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_%2833584490400%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/050_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_%2833584490400%29.jpg/225px-050_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_%2833584490400%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/050_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_%2833584490400%29.jpg/300px-050_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_%2833584490400%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3401" data-file-height="5103" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buddha</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:051_Cave_15,_Seated_and_Teaching_Buddha_(33584488060).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seated and Teaching Buddha"><img alt="Seated and Teaching Buddha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/051_Cave_15%2C_Seated_and_Teaching_Buddha_%2833584488060%29.jpg/150px-051_Cave_15%2C_Seated_and_Teaching_Buddha_%2833584488060%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/051_Cave_15%2C_Seated_and_Teaching_Buddha_%2833584488060%29.jpg/225px-051_Cave_15%2C_Seated_and_Teaching_Buddha_%2833584488060%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/051_Cave_15%2C_Seated_and_Teaching_Buddha_%2833584488060%29.jpg/300px-051_Cave_15%2C_Seated_and_Teaching_Buddha_%2833584488060%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seated and Teaching Buddha</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:052_Cave_15,_Buddha_on_Lotus_Throne_(33811678612).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/052_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_on_Lotus_Throne_%2833811678612%29.jpg/150px-052_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_on_Lotus_Throne_%2833811678612%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/052_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_on_Lotus_Throne_%2833811678612%29.jpg/225px-052_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_on_Lotus_Throne_%2833811678612%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/052_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_on_Lotus_Throne_%2833811678612%29.jpg/300px-052_Cave_15%2C_Buddha_on_Lotus_Throne_%2833811678612%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3771" data-file-height="5658" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.16</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>There are no inscriptions in this cave. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cave_No.17,_"Yavana_vihara"_(circa_120_CE)"><span id="Cave_No.17.2C_.22Yavana_vihara.22_.28circa_120_CE.29"></span>Cave No.17, "Yavana vihara" (circa 120 CE)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cave No.17, "Yavana vihara" (circa 120 CE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_cave_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nasik_cave_17.jpg/300px-Nasik_cave_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="436" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nasik_cave_17.jpg/450px-Nasik_cave_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nasik_cave_17.jpg/600px-Nasik_cave_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="1357" /></a><figcaption>Cave No.17, "Yavana vihara" (circa 120 CE). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/@19.9407684,73.7494411,2a,90y,296.34h,97.08t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s7z9X0ZcZQW0AAAGu3YJ6jw!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en">3D tour</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cave No.17 was built by a devotee of Greek descent, who presents his father as being a <a href="/wiki/Yavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana">Yavana</a> from the northern city of <a href="/wiki/Demetriapolis" title="Demetriapolis">Demetriapolis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cave is dated to around 120 CE. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_cave_3">The cave</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The cave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Inside hall</dt></dl> <p>Cave 17 is the third large Vihara, though smaller than Nos.3, 10, 20, and has been executed close to the upper portion of the <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaitya</a> cave. The hall measures 22 feet 10 inches wide by 32 feet 2 inches deep, and has a back aisle screened off by two columns, of which the elephants and their riders and the thin square members of the capitals only are finished. The steps of the shrine door have also been left as a rough block, on which a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> has carved the <i>shalunkha</i>, or receptacle for a <a href="/wiki/Linga" class="mw-redirect" title="Linga">linga</a>. The shrine has never been finished. On the wall of the back aisle is a standing figure of Buddha, 3.5 feet high; in the left side of the hall, 2 feet 3 inches from the floor, is a recess, 18.5 feet long and 4 feet 3 inches high by 2 feet deep, intended for a seat or perhaps for a row of metallic images; a cell has been attempted at each end of this, but one of them has entered the aisle of the Chaitya-cave just below, and the work has then been stopped. On the right side are four cells without benches.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_271-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Veranda</dt></dl> <p>The veranda is somewhat peculiar, and it would seem that, at first, a much smaller cave was projected, or else by some mistake it was begun too far to the left. It is ascended by half a-dozen steps in front between the two central octagonal pillars with very short shafts, and large bases and capitals, the latter surmounted by elephants and their riders, and the frieze above carved with the plain "rail pattern". They stand on a paneled base; but the landing between the central pair is opposite the left window in the back wall of the veranda, to the right of which is the principal door, but to the left of the window is also a narrower one. The veranda has then been prolonged to the west, and another door broken out to the outside beyond the right attached pillar; at this end of the veranda also is an unfinished cell.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_271-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Comparisons</dt></dl> <p>The cave is later than the Chaitya next it, and the veranda a little later in style than the Nahapana Cave No.10. The interior with an image of the Buddha, was probably executed at a later date, around the 6th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_271-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fergusson states later in his book that, from an architectural standpoint, Cave No.17 is contemporary with the Great Chatya at the <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a>, but is actually a bit earlier in style than Cave No.10 of Nahapana at Nasik, but at no great interval of time.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.17, "Yavana Vihara", circa 120 CE</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_cave_17_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior"><img alt="Exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nasik_cave_17_closeup.jpg/243px-Nasik_cave_17_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nasik_cave_17_closeup.jpg/365px-Nasik_cave_17_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nasik_cave_17_closeup.jpg/486px-Nasik_cave_17_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="787" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:054_Cave_17,_Pillars_and_Inscription_(33811675492).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance. The inscription is visible, in part, over the entrance."><img alt="Entrance. The inscription is visible, in part, over the entrance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/054_Cave_17%2C_Pillars_and_Inscription_%2833811675492%29.jpg/338px-054_Cave_17%2C_Pillars_and_Inscription_%2833811675492%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/054_Cave_17%2C_Pillars_and_Inscription_%2833811675492%29.jpg/507px-054_Cave_17%2C_Pillars_and_Inscription_%2833811675492%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/054_Cave_17%2C_Pillars_and_Inscription_%2833811675492%29.jpg/675px-054_Cave_17%2C_Pillars_and_Inscription_%2833811675492%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance. The inscription is visible, in part, over the entrance.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:057_Cave_17,_Capital_(33811669422).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pillar capital"><img alt="Pillar capital" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/057_Cave_17%2C_Capital_%2833811669422%29.jpg/338px-057_Cave_17%2C_Capital_%2833811669422%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/057_Cave_17%2C_Capital_%2833811669422%29.jpg/507px-057_Cave_17%2C_Capital_%2833811669422%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/057_Cave_17%2C_Capital_%2833811669422%29.jpg/675px-057_Cave_17%2C_Capital_%2833811669422%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5709" data-file-height="3806" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pillar capital</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:058_Cave_17,_Standing_Buddha_(33156344033).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standing Buddha (a later addition).[33]"><img alt="Standing Buddha (a later addition).[33]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/058_Cave_17%2C_Standing_Buddha_%2833156344033%29.jpg/150px-058_Cave_17%2C_Standing_Buddha_%2833156344033%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/058_Cave_17%2C_Standing_Buddha_%2833156344033%29.jpg/225px-058_Cave_17%2C_Standing_Buddha_%2833156344033%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/058_Cave_17%2C_Standing_Buddha_%2833156344033%29.jpg/300px-058_Cave_17%2C_Standing_Buddha_%2833156344033%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3690" data-file-height="5535" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standing Buddha (a later addition).<sup id="cite_ref-asi.nic.in_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asi.nic.in-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul><br /> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:056_Cave_17,_Interior_(33811671682).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/056_Cave_17%2C_Interior_%2833811671682%29.jpg/400px-056_Cave_17%2C_Interior_%2833811671682%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/056_Cave_17%2C_Interior_%2833811671682%29.jpg/601px-056_Cave_17%2C_Interior_%2833811671682%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/056_Cave_17%2C_Interior_%2833811671682%29.jpg/800px-056_Cave_17%2C_Interior_%2833811671682%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 442.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 440.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:108_Cave_no_17_(33584369850).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior panorama"><img alt="Interior panorama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/108_Cave_no_17_%2833584369850%29.jpg/661px-108_Cave_no_17_%2833584369850%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="441" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/108_Cave_no_17_%2833584369850%29.jpg/993px-108_Cave_no_17_%2833584369850%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/108_Cave_no_17_%2833584369850%29.jpg/1322px-108_Cave_no_17_%2833584369850%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5660" data-file-height="1927" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior panorama</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inscription">Inscription</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Inscription"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inscription_Yonakasa_No.18_Cave_No.17_Nasik_caves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Inscription_Yonakasa_No.18_Cave_No.17_Nasik_caves.jpg/330px-Inscription_Yonakasa_No.18_Cave_No.17_Nasik_caves.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Inscription_Yonakasa_No.18_Cave_No.17_Nasik_caves.jpg/495px-Inscription_Yonakasa_No.18_Cave_No.17_Nasik_caves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Inscription_Yonakasa_No.18_Cave_No.17_Nasik_caves.jpg/660px-Inscription_Yonakasa_No.18_Cave_No.17_Nasik_caves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5725" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>The "<a href="/wiki/Yavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana">Yavana</a>" inscription on the back wall of the veranda, over the entrance, is about 3 meters in length (photograph and rubbing). Detail of the word "Yo-ṇa-ka-sa" (adjectival form of "Yoṇaka", <a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_yo_2nd_century_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Brahmi_yo_2nd_century_CE.jpg/13px-Brahmi_yo_2nd_century_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Brahmi_yo_2nd_century_CE.jpg/20px-Brahmi_yo_2nd_century_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Brahmi_yo_2nd_century_CE.jpg/26px-Brahmi_yo_2nd_century_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="675" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_nn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brahmi_nn.svg/13px-Brahmi_nn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brahmi_nn.svg/20px-Brahmi_nn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brahmi_nn.svg/26px-Brahmi_nn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_letter_Ka.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Brahmi_letter_Ka.svg/13px-Brahmi_letter_Ka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Brahmi_letter_Ka.svg/20px-Brahmi_letter_Ka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Brahmi_letter_Ka.svg/26px-Brahmi_letter_Ka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="110" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_s.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Brahmi_s.svg/13px-Brahmi_s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Brahmi_s.svg/20px-Brahmi_s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Brahmi_s.svg/26px-Brahmi_s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>), with Nasik/<a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla</a>-period <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> for reference.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cave No.17 has one inscription, mentioning the gift of the cave by Indragnidatta the son of the <a href="/wiki/Yavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana">Yavana</a> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> or <a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greek">Indo-Greek</a>) Dharmadeva. It is located on the back wall of the veranda, over the main entrance, and is inscribed in large letters: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Success! (The gift) of Indragnidatta, son of Dhammadeva, the <a href="/wiki/Yavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana">Yavana</a>, a northerner from Dattamittri. By him, inspired by true religion, this cave has been caused to be excavated in mount Tiranhu, and inside the cave a <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaitya</a> and cisterns. This cave made for the sake of his father and mother has been, in order to honor all <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddhas</a> bestowed on the universal <a href="/wiki/Samgha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samgha">Samgha</a> by monks together with his son Dhammarakhita."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Inscription No.18, in Cave No,17<sup id="cite_ref-EI_90_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_90-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The city of "Dattamittri" may be the city of <a href="/wiki/Demetriapolis" title="Demetriapolis">Demetrias</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arachosia" title="Arachosia">Arachosia</a>, mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Charax" title="Isidore of Charax">Isidore of Charax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_90_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_90-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Vihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vihara">vihara</a> is probably contemporary to the reign of <a href="/wiki/Western_Satrap" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Satrap">Western Satrap</a> <a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a>, circa 120 CE.<br /> The word "<a href="/wiki/Yonaka" title="Yonaka">Yoṇaka</a>", which was the current Greek Hellenistic form, is used in the inscription, instead of "<a href="/wiki/Yavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana">Yavana</a>", which was the Indian word to designate the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greeks">Indo-Greeks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> The Yavanas are also known for their donations with inscriptions at the Great <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaitya</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a>, and at the <a href="/wiki/Manmodi_Caves" title="Manmodi Caves">Manmodi Caves</a> in <a href="/wiki/Junnar" title="Junnar">Junnar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cave_No._18:_the_Chaitya">Cave No. 18: the <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaitya</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cave No. 18: the Chaitya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_cave_4">The cave</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The cave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Cave_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nasik_Cave_18.jpg/220px-Nasik_Cave_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nasik_Cave_18.jpg/330px-Nasik_Cave_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nasik_Cave_18.jpg/440px-Nasik_Cave_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="2557" /></a><figcaption>Cave No.18, the corner of cave No.17 is visible on the right. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/@19.94074,73.7494304,2a,90y,237.11h,125.71t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1seE6nluZG20sAAAGu3RfU4Q!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en">3D tour</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Cave_18_doorway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Nasik_Cave_18_doorway.jpg/220px-Nasik_Cave_18_doorway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="397" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Nasik_Cave_18_doorway.jpg/330px-Nasik_Cave_18_doorway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Nasik_Cave_18_doorway.jpg/440px-Nasik_Cave_18_doorway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="3465" /></a><figcaption>Cave No.18 doorway.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cave No.18 is a <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">chaitya</a> design, comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a> Chaitya, although earlier and much smaller and simpler in design. It is the only Chaitya cave of the group, belongs to a much earlier date; and though none of the three inscriptions on it supplies certain information on this point, yet the name of Maha Hakusiri, found in one of them, tends to push it back to some period about or before the <a href="/wiki/Christian_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian era">Christian era</a>. The carving, however, over the door and the pilasters with animal capitals on the façade on each side the great arch, and the insertion of the hooded snake, will, on comparison with the façades at <a href="/wiki/Bedsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedsa">Bedsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla</a>, tend to suggest an early date for this cave.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_271-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Chronology</dt></dl> <p>Chaitya No. 18 participates to a chronology of several other Chaitya caves which were built in <a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">Western India</a> under royal sponsorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Spink_1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spink_1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that the chronology of these early Chaitya Caves is as follows: first Cave 9 at <a href="/wiki/Mahakali_Caves" title="Mahakali Caves">Kondivite Caves</a>, then Cave 12 at the <a href="/wiki/Bhaja_Caves" title="Bhaja Caves">Bhaja Caves</a> and Cave 10 of <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a>, around the 1st century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Le_108_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_108-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, in chronological order: Cave 3 at <a href="/wiki/Pitalkhora" title="Pitalkhora">Pitalkhora</a>, Cave 1 at <a href="/wiki/Kondana_Caves" title="Kondana Caves">Kondana Caves</a>, Cave 9 at <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a>, which, with its more ornate designs, may have been built about a century later,<sup id="cite_ref-Spink_1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spink_1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only then appears Cave 18 at Nasik Caves, to be followed by Cave 7 at <a href="/wiki/Bedse_Caves" title="Bedse Caves">Bedse Caves</a>, and finally by the "final perfection" of the Great Chaitya at <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a> (circa 120 CE).<sup id="cite_ref-Le_108_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_108-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Doorway</dt></dl> <p>The doorway is evidently of an early date, and the ornament up the left side is almost identical with that found on the pillars of the northern gateway at <a href="/wiki/Sanchi" title="Sanchi">Sanchi</a>, with which it consequently is in all probability coeval (1st century CE). The carving over the doorway, which represents the wooden framework which filled all openings, of a similar class, at that age, is of a much more ornamental character than usual, or than the others shown on this facade. Animals are introduced as in the <a href="/wiki/Lomas_Rishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lomas Rishi">Lomas Rishi</a>. So also are the <a href="/wiki/Trisula" class="mw-redirect" title="Trisula">trisulas</a> and shield emblems, in a very ornamental form, but almost identical with those existing in the <a href="/wiki/Manmodi_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Manmodi cave">Manmodi cave</a> at <a href="/wiki/Junnar" title="Junnar">Junnar</a>, which is probably of about the same age as this Chaitya.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_271-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Hall</dt></dl> <p>The interior measures 38 feet 10 inches by 21 feet 7 inches, and the nave, from the door up to the <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">dagoba</a>, 25 feet 4 inches by 10 feet, and 23 feet 3 inches high. The cylinder of the dagoba is 5.5 feet in diameter and 6 feet 3 inches high, surmounted by a small dome and very heavy capital. The gallery under the great arch of the window is supported by two pillars, which in all cases in the Chaitya caves are in such a form as strongly to suggest that a wooden frame was fastened between them, probably to hold a screen, which would effectually shut in the nave from observation from outside. Five octagonal pillars, with high bases of the <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karle</a> pattern but without capitals, on each side the nave, and five without bases round the dagoba, divide off the side aisles.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_271-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The woodwork that once occupied the front arch, and the roof of the nave has long ago disappeared. Whether there ever were pillars in advance of the present facade as at <a href="/wiki/Bedsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedsa">Bedsa</a>, or a screen as at Karle, cannot be determined with certainty, unless by excavating largely among the debris in front. There was probably something of the kind, but the Viharas, inserted so close to it on either side, must have hastened the ruin of the side walls of it.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_271-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.18, Chaitya</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandavleni_Caves_Nashik.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior of cave No.18. Cave No.17 is visible on the right, cave No.20 on the left, and a corner of cave No,19 bottom left."><img alt="Exterior of cave No.18. Cave No.17 is visible on the right, cave No.20 on the left, and a corner of cave No,19 bottom left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pandavleni_Caves_Nashik.jpg/260px-Pandavleni_Caves_Nashik.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pandavleni_Caves_Nashik.jpg/391px-Pandavleni_Caves_Nashik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pandavleni_Caves_Nashik.jpg/520px-Pandavleni_Caves_Nashik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior of cave No.18. Cave No.17 is visible on the right, cave No.20 on the left, and a corner of cave No,19 bottom left.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandav_Lena_Entry.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of cave 18"><img alt="Entrance of cave 18" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pandav_Lena_Entry.JPG/293px-Pandav_Lena_Entry.JPG" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pandav_Lena_Entry.JPG/440px-Pandav_Lena_Entry.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pandav_Lena_Entry.JPG/585px-Pandav_Lena_Entry.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance of cave 18</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:060_Cave_18,_Chaitya_and_Pillars_(33839377461).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/060_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_and_Pillars_%2833839377461%29.jpg/130px-060_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_and_Pillars_%2833839377461%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/060_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_and_Pillars_%2833839377461%29.jpg/195px-060_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_and_Pillars_%2833839377461%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/060_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_and_Pillars_%2833839377461%29.jpg/260px-060_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_and_Pillars_%2833839377461%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3374" data-file-height="5061" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:061_Cave_18,_Chaitya_(33584462420).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The central stupa."><img alt="The central stupa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/061_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_%2833584462420%29.jpg/293px-061_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_%2833584462420%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/061_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_%2833584462420%29.jpg/440px-061_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_%2833584462420%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/061_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_%2833584462420%29.jpg/585px-061_Cave_18%2C_Chaitya_%2833584462420%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The central <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupa</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:063_Cave_18,_Pillars_and_Inscriptions_(33928383886).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pillars with inscription No.19"><img alt="Pillars with inscription No.19" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/063_Cave_18%2C_Pillars_and_Inscriptions_%2833928383886%29.jpg/130px-063_Cave_18%2C_Pillars_and_Inscriptions_%2833928383886%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/063_Cave_18%2C_Pillars_and_Inscriptions_%2833928383886%29.jpg/195px-063_Cave_18%2C_Pillars_and_Inscriptions_%2833928383886%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/063_Cave_18%2C_Pillars_and_Inscriptions_%2833928383886%29.jpg/260px-063_Cave_18%2C_Pillars_and_Inscriptions_%2833928383886%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pillars with inscription No.19</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 382.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 380.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:109_Cave_no_18_(33969536335).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama, looking towards the outside"><img alt="Panorama, looking towards the outside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/109_Cave_no_18_%2833969536335%29.jpg/571px-109_Cave_no_18_%2833969536335%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="381" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/109_Cave_no_18_%2833969536335%29.jpg/857px-109_Cave_no_18_%2833969536335%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/109_Cave_no_18_%2833969536335%29.jpg/1141px-109_Cave_no_18_%2833969536335%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5660" data-file-height="2530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panorama, looking towards the outside</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 341.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 339.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Chaitya_plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Section and plan"><img alt="Section and plan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nasik_Chaitya_plan.jpg/509px-Nasik_Chaitya_plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nasik_Chaitya_plan.jpg/764px-Nasik_Chaitya_plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nasik_Chaitya_plan.jpg/1017px-Nasik_Chaitya_plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1706" data-file-height="856" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Section and plan</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inscriptions_3">Inscriptions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Inscriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cave has several inscriptions. Inscription No.19 appears on the 5th and 6th pillars on the right aisle of the Chaitya, and explains that the cave received some perfecting by the wife of a government official, but the government in question remains unnamed: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"By Bhatapalika, the grand-daughter of Mahahakusiri and daughter of the royal officer Arahalaya from Chalisilana, wife of the royal officer Agiyatanaka, of the treasure office, mother of Kapananaka, this <a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaityagriha</a> has been caused to be perfected on this mount Tiranhu." </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Inscription No.19, Cave No.18<sup id="cite_ref-EI_91_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_91-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>This inscription is slightly less ancient than the inscription on the doorway, suggesting that it was inscribed some time in the later phases of the construction of the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_91_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_91-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inscription No.20 explains that the decoration above the doorway was a donation of the people of nearby <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a> ("The gift of the village of Dhambhika, of the Nasik people"). Inscription No.21 records the donation of the rail pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_91_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_91-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cave_No.19_"Krishna_vihara"_(100-70_BCE)"><span id="Cave_No.19_.22Krishna_vihara.22_.28100-70_BCE.29"></span>Cave No.19 "Krishna vihara" (100-70 BCE)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cave No.19 "Krishna vihara" (100-70 BCE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inscription_Cave_19_Nasik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Inscription_Cave_19_Nasik.jpg/370px-Inscription_Cave_19_Nasik.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Inscription_Cave_19_Nasik.jpg/555px-Inscription_Cave_19_Nasik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Inscription_Cave_19_Nasik.jpg/740px-Inscription_Cave_19_Nasik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="209" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Inscription of king <a href="/wiki/Kanha_(Satavahana_dynasty)" title="Kanha (Satavahana dynasty)">Kanha</a> in cave No.19 (located on the upper sill of the right window).<sup id="cite_ref-EI_93_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_93-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also called the "Krishna inscription" from the King's name in the <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a>. This is the oldest known Satavahana inscription, circa 100-70 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarla_M._Sinopoli2001168_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarla_M._Sinopoli2001168-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a>:<br /><b>𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑀓𑀼𑀮𑁂 𑀓𑀦𑁆𑀳𑁂 𑀭𑀸𑀚𑀺𑀦𑀺 𑀦𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁂𑀦</b><br /><b>𑀲𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀦 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑁂𑀡 𑀮𑁂𑀡 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀢</b><br /> <i>Sādavāhanakule Kanhe rājini Nāsikakena</i><br /><i>Samaṇena mahāmāteṇa leṇa kārita</i><br />"Under King Kanha of the Satavahana family this cave has been caused to be made by the officer in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Sramana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sramana">Sramanas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasik">Nasik</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Cave 19 is at a rather lower level even than the Chaitya cave, and some distance in advance of it, but the front and interior have been so filled up with earth as to conceal it from general view. It is a small <a href="/wiki/Vihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vihara">Vihara</a>, 14 feet 3 inches square, with six cells, two on each side; their doors are surmounted by the Chaitya-arch ornament connected by a frieze of "rail pattern" in some places wavy. In the front wall are two lattice windows, and in the veranda two slender square pillars, the middle portion of the shaft being chamfered to an octagonal shape.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_274_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_274-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cave is exceedingly plain style, and the remarkable rectangularity of all its parts, agree perfectly with what might be expected in a Vihara of the first or second century BCE. Its close family likeness to Cave No.12 at <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta</a> and others at <a href="/wiki/Bhaja_Caves" title="Bhaja Caves">Bhaja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kondane" class="mw-redirect" title="Kondane">Kondane</a>, all of the earliest age, suggest about the same date.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_274_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_274-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cave has one inscription of king <a href="/wiki/Kanha_(Satavahana_dynasty)" title="Kanha (Satavahana dynasty)">Krishna</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Satavahanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahanas">Satavahanas</a>, which is the oldest known Satavahana inscription, dated to 100-70 BCE:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EI_93_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_93-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑀓𑀼𑀮𑁂 𑀓𑀦𑁆𑀳𑁂 𑀭𑀸𑀚𑀺𑀦𑀺 𑀦𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁂𑀦 𑀲𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀦 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑁂𑀡 𑀮𑁂𑀡 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀢<br /> <i>Sādavāhanakule Kanhe rājini Nāsikakena Samaṇena mahāmāteṇa leṇa kārita</i><br /> "Under King Kanha of the <a href="/wiki/Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana">Satavahana</a> family, this cave has been caused to be made by the officer in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Sramana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sramana">Sramanas</a> at Nasik." </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Inscription of Cave No.19<sup id="cite_ref-EI_93_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_93-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.19, "Krishna vihara", circa 100-70 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-Alcock_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcock-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cave No19 is located on the ground floor, to the left of the entrance of Cave No.18, and right under cave No.20. Cave No.19 has one inscription mentioning the dedication by a government officer during the rule of king <a href="/wiki/Kanha_(Satavahana_dynasty)" title="Kanha (Satavahana dynasty)">Krishna</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Satavahanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahanas">Satavahanas</a>. King Krishna, also called Kanha, is said to have ruled in the 1st century BCE (100-70 BCE), which makes Cave No.19 one of the earliest to be excavated.<sup id="cite_ref-asi.nic.in_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asi.nic.in-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_cave_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave No.19"><img alt="Cave No.19" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nasik_cave_19.jpg/310px-Nasik_cave_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nasik_cave_19.jpg/465px-Nasik_cave_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nasik_cave_19.jpg/619px-Nasik_cave_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave No.19</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_caves_19_and_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave No.19 is located right under Cave No.20"><img alt="Cave No.19 is located right under Cave No.20" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Nasik_caves_19_and_20.jpg/150px-Nasik_caves_19_and_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Nasik_caves_19_and_20.jpg/225px-Nasik_caves_19_and_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Nasik_caves_19_and_20.jpg/300px-Nasik_caves_19_and_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave No.19 is located right under Cave No.20</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 239.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 237.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Cave_19_half_flower_design.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A halk-flower medallions design on a pillar of Cave No.19, typical of early designs such as those of Sanchi."><img alt="A halk-flower medallions design on a pillar of Cave No.19, typical of early designs such as those of Sanchi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nasik_Cave_19_half_flower_design.jpg/356px-Nasik_Cave_19_half_flower_design.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Nasik_Cave_19_half_flower_design.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A halk-flower medallions design on a pillar of Cave No.19, typical of early designs such as those of <a href="/wiki/Sanchi" title="Sanchi">Sanchi</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 280px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 278px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_cave_19_Nasik.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plan and inside elevation of cave No.19, "Krishna vihara" (100-70 BCE)."><img alt="Plan and inside elevation of cave No.19, "Krishna vihara" (100-70 BCE)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Plan_cave_19_Nasik.jpg/417px-Plan_cave_19_Nasik.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Plan_cave_19_Nasik.jpg/627px-Plan_cave_19_Nasik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Plan_cave_19_Nasik.jpg/834px-Plan_cave_19_Nasik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plan and inside elevation of cave No.19, "Krishna vihara" (100-70 BCE).</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cave_No.20:_"Sri_Yajna_vihara"_(circa_180_CE)"><span id="Cave_No.20:_.22Sri_Yajna_vihara.22_.28circa_180_CE.29"></span>Cave No.20: "Sri Yajna vihara" (circa 180 CE)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cave No.20: "Sri Yajna vihara" (circa 180 CE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cave_20_Nasik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cave_20_Nasik.jpg/350px-Cave_20_Nasik.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cave_20_Nasik.jpg/525px-Cave_20_Nasik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cave_20_Nasik.jpg/700px-Cave_20_Nasik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Exterior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/@19.9406851,73.7494762,2a,75y,144.85h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sZ1Gi164sEOsAAAGu3QUfww!2e0!6s%2F%2Fgeo2.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3DZ1Gi164sEOsAAAGu3QUfww%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D146.49886%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en">3D tour</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cave_20_plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cave_20_plan.jpg/220px-Cave_20_plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cave_20_plan.jpg/330px-Cave_20_plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cave_20_plan.jpg/440px-Cave_20_plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption>Cave 20 plan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gautamiputra_Rajni_Shri_Satakarni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gautamiputra_Rajni_Shri_Satakarni.jpg/220px-Gautamiputra_Rajni_Shri_Satakarni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gautamiputra_Rajni_Shri_Satakarni.jpg/330px-Gautamiputra_Rajni_Shri_Satakarni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gautamiputra_Rajni_Shri_Satakarni.jpg/440px-Gautamiputra_Rajni_Shri_Satakarni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1229" /></a><figcaption>Coin of <a href="/wiki/Yajna_Sri_Satakarni" title="Yajna Sri Satakarni">Yajna Sri Satakarni</a> (170-199 CE), in the 7th year of the reign of which the cave was completed. <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cave No.20 is another large Vihara, its hall varying in width from 37.5 feet at the front to 44 feet at the back and 61.5 feet deep. Originally it was little over 40 feet deep, but at a much later date it was altered and extended back by one "Marma, a worshipper," as recorded on the wall. It has eight cells on each side, one on the right rather a recess than a cell, two on the left with stone beds, while in the back are two cells to the left of the antechamber and one to the right, with one more on each side of the antechamber and entered from it.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_275-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hall is surrounded by a low bench as in Cave 3, and in the middle of the floor is a low platform, about 9 feet square, apparently intended for an asana or seat; but whether to place an image upon for worship, or as a "seat of the law", where the Thera or high priest might sit when teaching and discussing, is impossible to say. On the right-hand side, and nearer the front, are three small circular elevations in the floor much like ordinary millstones. They may be seats also for members of the clergy, or bases on which to set small moveable dagobas. But when the cave was altered and extended backward, the floor seems also to have been lowered a few inches to form the low dais and these bases.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_275-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The antechamber is slightly raised above the level of the hall, from which it is divided by two richly carved columns between <a href="/wiki/Anta_(architecture)" title="Anta (architecture)">antae</a>. On either side the shrine door is a gigantic <a href="/wiki/Dvarapala" title="Dvarapala">dvarapala</a>, 9.5 feet high, with an attendant female, but so besmeared with soot for the cave has been long occupied by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhairagis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhairagis (page does not exist)">Bhairagis</a>, that minor details are scarcely recognisable. These dvarapalas, however, hold lotus stalks, have the same elaborate head-dresses, with a small dagoba in the front of one, and a figure of Buddha in the other, and have the same attendants and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidyahara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidyahara (page does not exist)">vidyaharas</a> flying over head as we find in the later Buddhist caves at <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_Caves" title="Aurangabad Caves">Aurangabad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_275-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the shrine, too, is the colossal image of Buddha, 10 feet high, seated with his feet on a lotus flower and holding the little finger of his left hand between the thumb and forefinger of his right. He is attended by two gigantic chauri-bearer with the same distinguishing features as the dvarapala. All this points to about the 7th century CE or later, as the age of alteration of this cave.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_275-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fortunately there is an inscription of the 7th year of <a href="/wiki/Yajna_Sri_Satakarni" title="Yajna Sri Satakarni">Yajna Sri Satakarni</a> (170-199 CE), stating that "after having been under excavation for many years " it was then carried to completion by the wife of the commander-in-chief. It is quite clear, however, that the inner and outer parts were excavated at widely different ages.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_275-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This inscriptions shows, as the inscriptions of Yajna Sri Satakarni in <a href="/wiki/Kanheri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanheri">Kanheri</a> caves, that the Satavahanas had reclaimed the area of Kanheri and Nasik from the <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a> during the reign of Sri Yajna Satakarni. </p><p>The pillars of the veranda have the water-pot bases, and the bell-shaped capitals of those in <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karle</a> Chaitya. Those of the sanctuary are represented, and belong to a widely distant age. Like No.17, it has a side door near the left end of the veranda, and a cell in that end.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_275-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The façade has four octagonal pillars between antae, the shafts more slender than in any of the other caves, but the bases of the same pattern disproportionately large, as if the shafts had been reduced in thickness at a later date. They stand on a paneled base, with five low steps up to it between the middle pair. A low screen wall in front is nearly quite destroyed, except at the east end, where a passage led to a large irregular and apparently unfinished apartment with two plain octagonal pillars with square bases between pilasters in front, and having a water-cistern at the entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_275-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.20 "Sri Yajna vihara" (circa 180 CE)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>Cave No.20 has one large inscription, claiming that the unfinished cave was completed by the wife of a great general named Bhavagopa, during the 7th year of the rule of king <a href="/wiki/Sri_Yajna_Satakarni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Yajna Satakarni">Sri Yajna Satakarni</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satakarni" title="Gautamiputra Satakarni">Gotami</a>, after having been started by the ascetic Bopaki.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_93_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_93-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are similar inscriptions of Sri Yajna Satakarni in cave 3 and cave 81 at <a href="/wiki/Kanheri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanheri">Kanheri</a>. This means probably that the cave was carved during the beginning of the end of the 2nd century CE. It also shows that the Satavahanas reclaimed the area of Nasik under Sri Yajna Satakarni.<br /> One more inscription over one of the small cellars mentions its gift by a lay devotee named Mamma.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_93_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_93-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_pillars_of_Nasik_Cave_No._20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior"><img alt="Exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Exterior_pillars_of_Nasik_Cave_No._20.jpg/260px-Exterior_pillars_of_Nasik_Cave_No._20.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Exterior_pillars_of_Nasik_Cave_No._20.jpg/391px-Exterior_pillars_of_Nasik_Cave_No._20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Exterior_pillars_of_Nasik_Cave_No._20.jpg/520px-Exterior_pillars_of_Nasik_Cave_No._20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:065_Cave_20,_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_(33584446680).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior reliefs with Buddha and Bodhisattvas"><img alt="Interior reliefs with Buddha and Bodhisattvas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/065_Cave_20%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584446680%29.jpg/293px-065_Cave_20%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584446680%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/065_Cave_20%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584446680%29.jpg/440px-065_Cave_20%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584446680%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/065_Cave_20%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584446680%29.jpg/585px-065_Cave_20%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584446680%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4523" data-file-height="3015" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior reliefs with Buddha and Bodhisattvas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:066_Cave_20,_Interior_(33584444820).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/066_Cave_20%2C_Interior_%2833584444820%29.jpg/347px-066_Cave_20%2C_Interior_%2833584444820%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/066_Cave_20%2C_Interior_%2833584444820%29.jpg/521px-066_Cave_20%2C_Interior_%2833584444820%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/066_Cave_20%2C_Interior_%2833584444820%29.jpg/694px-066_Cave_20%2C_Interior_%2833584444820%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5586" data-file-height="3142" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:067_Cave_20,_Cells_(33584442420).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior cells"><img alt="Interior cells" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/067_Cave_20%2C_Cells_%2833584442420%29.jpg/347px-067_Cave_20%2C_Cells_%2833584442420%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/067_Cave_20%2C_Cells_%2833584442420%29.jpg/521px-067_Cave_20%2C_Cells_%2833584442420%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/067_Cave_20%2C_Cells_%2833584442420%29.jpg/694px-067_Cave_20%2C_Cells_%2833584442420%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4940" data-file-height="2779" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior cells</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caves_No.21-24">Caves No.21-24</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Caves No.21-24"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Caves No.21 and No. 22</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>These two small caves do not have inscriptions <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:064_Caves_19_and_20_(33584450460).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior of caves No.21 and 22 (with pillars of Cave N.20 in the forefront)."><img alt="Exterior of caves No.21 and 22 (with pillars of Cave N.20 in the forefront)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/064_Caves_19_and_20_%2833584450460%29.jpg/338px-064_Caves_19_and_20_%2833584450460%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/064_Caves_19_and_20_%2833584450460%29.jpg/507px-064_Caves_19_and_20_%2833584450460%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/064_Caves_19_and_20_%2833584450460%29.jpg/675px-064_Caves_19_and_20_%2833584450460%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5392" data-file-height="3594" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior of caves No.21 and 22 (with pillars of Cave N.20 in the forefront).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasik_Cave_No._21.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave No. 21"><img alt="Cave No. 21" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Nasik_Cave_No._21.jpg/300px-Nasik_Cave_No._21.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Nasik_Cave_No._21.jpg/451px-Nasik_Cave_No._21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Nasik_Cave_No._21.jpg/600px-Nasik_Cave_No._21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cave No. 21</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_of_Nasik_Cave_No._22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of Cave No. 22"><img alt="Entrance of Cave No. 22" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Entrance_of_Nasik_Cave_No._22.jpg/169px-Entrance_of_Nasik_Cave_No._22.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Entrance_of_Nasik_Cave_No._22.jpg/253px-Entrance_of_Nasik_Cave_No._22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Entrance_of_Nasik_Cave_No._22.jpg/337px-Entrance_of_Nasik_Cave_No._22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance of Cave No. 22</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.23</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cave No.23 is a large, nondescript, irregular cave, about 30 feet deep, with three shrines. To judge from the holes in the floor and roof it might be supposed that the front and partitions in it had been of wood; the whole façade, however, is destroyed. In front are several cisterns; on the floor is a raised stone bench and a circular base as if for a small structural dagoba; and all the shrines as well as many compartments on the walls are filled with sculptures of the Buddha attended by <a href="/wiki/Padmapani" class="mw-redirect" title="Padmapani">Padmapani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapani</a> such as has only been seen in the two shrines high up on the scarp at Caves No.14 and 15, but so like what is found at <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_Caves" title="Aurangabad Caves">Aurangabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta</a>, that there can be no hesitation in ascribing it to a late age.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_277_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_277-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Among the many repetitions of Buddha and attendants is a small figure on the wall that cuts off the third shrine from the larger portion of the cave, of Buddha reclining on his right side as represented entering <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">nirvana</a>, much as he is found in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> temples, and of which larger representations are found at Ajanta, Kholvi, and Aurangabad. All these, and the female figures of Tara, Lochana, and Mamukhi found in the shrines, clearly show that this was a <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> temple. The pillars in front of the entrance to the first shrine are also of a much more modern type than in any of the other caves in Nasik.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_277_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_277-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cave No.23 has one inscription recording the building of the cave in year 2 of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pulumavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pulumavi">Sri Pulumavi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_93_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_93-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandulena_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pandulena_4.jpg/300px-Pandulena_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pandulena_4.jpg/451px-Pandulena_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pandulena_4.jpg/601px-Pandulena_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:068_Cave_23,_Pillars_and_Bodhisattvas_(33584440030).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pillars and Bodhisattvas"><img alt="Pillars and Bodhisattvas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/068_Cave_23%2C_Pillars_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584440030%29.jpg/338px-068_Cave_23%2C_Pillars_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584440030%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/068_Cave_23%2C_Pillars_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584440030%29.jpg/507px-068_Cave_23%2C_Pillars_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584440030%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/068_Cave_23%2C_Pillars_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584440030%29.jpg/675px-068_Cave_23%2C_Pillars_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584440030%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="3067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pillars and Bodhisattvas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buddha inside shrine"><img alt="Buddha inside shrine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_1.jpg/169px-Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_1.jpg/253px-Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_1.jpg/337px-Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buddha inside shrine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:069_Cave_23,_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_(33584438020).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buddhas and Bodhisattvas"><img alt="Buddhas and Bodhisattvas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/069_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584438020%29.jpg/338px-069_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584438020%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/069_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584438020%29.jpg/507px-069_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584438020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/069_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584438020%29.jpg/675px-069_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833584438020%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4323" data-file-height="2882" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buddhas and Bodhisattvas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:071_Cave_23,_Buddha_and_Bodhjisattvas_(33811650412).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior reliefs"><img alt="Interior reliefs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/071_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhjisattvas_%2833811650412%29.jpg/338px-071_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhjisattvas_%2833811650412%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/071_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhjisattvas_%2833811650412%29.jpg/507px-071_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhjisattvas_%2833811650412%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/071_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhjisattvas_%2833811650412%29.jpg/675px-071_Cave_23%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhjisattvas_%2833811650412%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4797" data-file-height="3198" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior reliefs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:079_Cave_23,_Meditating_Buddha_(33928331886).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meditating Buddha"><img alt="Meditating Buddha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/079_Cave_23%2C_Meditating_Buddha_%2833928331886%29.jpg/150px-079_Cave_23%2C_Meditating_Buddha_%2833928331886%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/079_Cave_23%2C_Meditating_Buddha_%2833928331886%29.jpg/225px-079_Cave_23%2C_Meditating_Buddha_%2833928331886%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/079_Cave_23%2C_Meditating_Buddha_%2833928331886%29.jpg/300px-079_Cave_23%2C_Meditating_Buddha_%2833928331886%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Meditating Buddha</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reclining Buddha and other reliefs"><img alt="Reclining Buddha and other reliefs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_4.jpg/300px-Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_4.jpg/451px-Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_4.jpg/600px-Buddha_in_Nashik_Cave_No._23_-_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reclining Buddha and other reliefs</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Cave No.24</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cave No.24 is a small <a href="/wiki/Bhikshu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhikshu">Bhikshu</a>'s house, the lower part of which has all been quarried away. It probably consisted of a veranda with two small chambers at the back. The frieze is still pretty entire, and whilst preserving the copies of wooden forms, it is ornamented with a string of animal figures as in that of Cave 1; the ends of the projecting beams represented as bearing it, are carved with conventionalized forms of the Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Trisula" class="mw-redirect" title="Trisula">trisula</a> or symbol of <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a>, the prongs in one case being changed into cats or some similar animals; seated on the lower beam under the rock at the west end is carved an owl, and at each end of the ornamented "rail pattern" is a rider on a sort of female centaur.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_278_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_278-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Cave No.24 has one inscription recording the gift of the cave by a writer named Vudhika.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_93_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI_93-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_of_Nasik_Cave_No._24.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior"><img alt="Exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Exterior_of_Nasik_Cave_No._24.jpg/300px-Exterior_of_Nasik_Cave_No._24.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Exterior_of_Nasik_Cave_No._24.jpg/451px-Exterior_of_Nasik_Cave_No._24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Exterior_of_Nasik_Cave_No._24.jpg/600px-Exterior_of_Nasik_Cave_No._24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:084_Cave_24,_Sculpted_Ledge_(33125744584).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpted ledge"><img alt="Sculpted ledge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/084_Cave_24%2C_Sculpted_Ledge_%2833125744584%29.jpg/338px-084_Cave_24%2C_Sculpted_Ledge_%2833125744584%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/084_Cave_24%2C_Sculpted_Ledge_%2833125744584%29.jpg/507px-084_Cave_24%2C_Sculpted_Ledge_%2833125744584%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/084_Cave_24%2C_Sculpted_Ledge_%2833125744584%29.jpg/675px-084_Cave_24%2C_Sculpted_Ledge_%2833125744584%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4612" data-file-height="3075" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpted ledge</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:085_Cave_24,_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_(33125741994).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buddhas and Bodhisattvas"><img alt="Buddhas and Bodhisattvas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/085_Cave_24%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833125741994%29.jpg/338px-085_Cave_24%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833125741994%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/085_Cave_24%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833125741994%29.jpg/507px-085_Cave_24%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833125741994%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/085_Cave_24%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833125741994%29.jpg/675px-085_Cave_24%2C_Buddha_and_Bodhisattvas_%2833125741994%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5579" data-file-height="3719" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buddhas and Bodhisattvas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:086_Cave_24,_Buddhas_and_Bodhisattva_(33584402440).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buddhas and Bodhisattvas"><img alt="Buddhas and Bodhisattvas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/086_Cave_24%2C_Buddhas_and_Bodhisattva_%2833584402440%29.jpg/338px-086_Cave_24%2C_Buddhas_and_Bodhisattva_%2833584402440%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/086_Cave_24%2C_Buddhas_and_Bodhisattva_%2833584402440%29.jpg/507px-086_Cave_24%2C_Buddhas_and_Bodhisattva_%2833584402440%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/086_Cave_24%2C_Buddhas_and_Bodhisattva_%2833584402440%29.jpg/675px-086_Cave_24%2C_Buddhas_and_Bodhisattva_%2833584402440%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5497" data-file-height="3665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buddhas and Bodhisattvas</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Routes">Routes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The caves are located high in the mountains of Trirashmi. Some caves are intricately connected by stone-cut ladders that join them to the other caves. Steps lead to the caves from the bottom of the hill. The peak of the Trirashmi Caves is also accessible by trekking of about 20 mins but the path is treacherous and dangerous.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cetiya" title="Cetiya">Cetiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajanta_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajanta Cave (page does not exist)">Ajanta Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedse_Caves" title="Bedse Caves">Bedse Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaja_Caves" title="Bhaja Caves">Bhaja Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanheri_Caves" title="Kanheri Caves">Kanheri Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitalkhora_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitalkhora Caves">Pitalkhora Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivneri_Caves" title="Shivneri Caves">Shivneri Caves</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michell, 383</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michell,_384-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Michell,_384_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michell,_384_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michell, 384</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harle, 55-56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.showcaves.com/english/in/subterranea/Pandavleni.html">"Pandavleni Caves"</a>. showcaves.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pandavleni+Caves&rft.pub=showcaves.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.showcaves.com%2Fenglish%2Fin%2Fsubterranea%2FPandavleni.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731023501/http://www.ajanta-ellora.com/pandavleni-caves.html">"Pandavleni Caves Tour, Pandavleni Caves Tour in India, Pandavleni Caves in India, Pandavleni Cave Temples in India, Buddhist Caves of Pandavleni, Pandavleni Caves Travel in India"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajanta-ellora.com/pandavleni-caves.html">the original</a> on 31 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pandavleni+Caves+Tour%2C+Pandavleni+Caves+Tour+in+India%2C+Pandavleni+Caves+in+India%2C+Pandavleni+Cave+Temples+in+India%2C+Buddhist+Caves+of+Pandavleni%2C+Pandavleni+Caves+Travel+in+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajanta-ellora.com%2Fpandavleni-caves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maharashtratourism.net/caves/pandavleni-caves.html">"Pandavleni Caves - Pandavleni Caves Nashik, Pandu Lena Caves, Pandu Lena Maharashtra India"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pandavleni+Caves+-+Pandavleni+Caves+Nashik%2C+Pandu+Lena+Caves%2C+Pandu+Lena+Maharashtra+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maharashtratourism.net%2Fcaves%2Fpandavleni-caves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.india9.com/i9show/Pandavleni-Caves-26204.htm">"Pandavleni Caves"</a>. india9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pandavleni+Caves&rft.pub=india9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.india9.com%2Fi9show%2FPandavleni-Caves-26204.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fergusson_267-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_267_8-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft">p.267ff</a> (Public domain text)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.59</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI_60-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI_60_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_60_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_60_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.60ff</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI_71-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EI_71_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.71ff</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI60-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI60_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI60_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHultzsch1906" class="citation book cs1">Hultzsch, E. (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.56654#page/n75/mode/2up"><i>Epigraphia Indica Vol.8</i></a>. p. 60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epigraphia+Indica+Vol.8&rft.pages=60&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Hultzsch&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.56654%23page%2Fn75%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.61-62</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.66-67</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2008383-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2008383_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2008">Singh 2008</a>, p. 383.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India Upinder Singh <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA384">p.384</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESudhakar_Chattopadhyaya197492-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudhakar_Chattopadhyaya197492_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSudhakar_Chattopadhyaya1974">Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya 1974</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.71-72-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p.71-72_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.71-72_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.71-72</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI_75-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI_75_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_75_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_75_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.75ff</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHM-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHM_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India, Volume 1 ʻAlī Jāvīd, Tabassum Javeed, Algora Publishing, 2008 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fg-lGID3WpQC&pg=PA42">p.42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Southern India: A Guide to Monuments Sites & Museums, by George Michell, Roli Books Private Limited, 1 mai 2013 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GdBbBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT72">p.72</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"This hall is assigned to the brief period of <a href="/wiki/Kshatrapas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kshatrapas">Kshatrapas</a> rule in the western Deccan during the 1st century." in Guide to Monuments of India 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu - by George Michell, Philip H. Davies, Viking - 1989 Page 374</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RS-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RS_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RS_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalomon1998" class="citation book cs1">Salomon, Richard (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t-4RDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA89"><i>Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages</i></a>. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. <span class="nowrap">88–</span>89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195099843" title="Special:BookSources/9780195099843"><bdi>9780195099843</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Epigraphy%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Study+of+Inscriptions+in+Sanskrit%2C+Prakrit%2C+and+the+Other+Indo-Aryan+Languages&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E88-%3C%2Fspan%3E89&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780195099843&rft.aulast=Salomon&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt-4RDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.81-82</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.78-79</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.82-83</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica Vol.2 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.78-79</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI_90-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI_90_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_90_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_90_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_90_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_90_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.90ff</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee2012" class="citation book cs1">Banerjee, Gauranga Nath (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mCtKn4J1n38C&pg=PA20"><i>Hellenism in Ancient India</i></a>. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783864034145" title="Special:BookSources/9783864034145"><bdi>9783864034145</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellenism+in+Ancient+India&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=BoD+%E2%80%93+Books+on+Demand&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9783864034145&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=Gauranga+Nath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmCtKn4J1n38C%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhandarkar1989" class="citation book cs1">Bhandarkar (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gUAvuYu-otEC&pg=PA60"><i>Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture</i></a>. Asian Educational Services. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120604575" title="Special:BookSources/9788120604575"><bdi>9788120604575</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Aspects+of+Ancient+Indian+Culture&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9788120604575&rft.au=Bhandarkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgUAvuYu-otEC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fergusson_271-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_271_31-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft">p.271ff</a> (Public domain text)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fergusson-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergussonBurgess1880" class="citation book cs1">Fergusson, James; Burgess, James (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft#page/351/mode/2up"><i>The cave temples of India</i></a>. London : Allen. pp. <span class="nowrap">348–</span>360.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+cave+temples+of+India&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E348-%3C%2Fspan%3E360&rft.pub=London+%3A+Allen&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Fergusson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Burgess%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcavetemplesofind00ferguoft%23page%2F351%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asi.nic.in-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asi.nic.in_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asi.nic.in_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Archaeological survey of India <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_pandulenacaves.asp">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926230100/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_pandulenacaves.asp">Archived</a> 26 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Greeks in Bactria and India by William Woodthorpe Tarn <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-HeJS3nE9cAC&pg=PA257">p.257</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spink_1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spink_1_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spink_1_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpink2005" class="citation book cs1">Spink, Walter M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3me7pY6zJyEC&pg=PA1"><i>Ajanta: Painting, sculpture, architecture</i></a>. BRILL. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/900414983X" title="Special:BookSources/900414983X"><bdi>900414983X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ajanta%3A+Painting%2C+sculpture%2C+architecture&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=900414983X&rft.aulast=Spink&rft.aufirst=Walter+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3me7pY6zJyEC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Le_108-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Le_108_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Le_108_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe2010" class="citation book cs1">Le, Huu Phuoc (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9jb364g4BvoC&pg=PA108"><i>Buddhist Architecture</i></a>. Grafikol. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780984404308" title="Special:BookSources/9780984404308"><bdi>9780984404308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Architecture&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Grafikol&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780984404308&rft.aulast=Le&rft.aufirst=Huu+Phuoc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9jb364g4BvoC%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI_91-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI_91_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_91_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_91_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.91ff</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI_93-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI_93_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_93_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_93_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_93_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_93_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_93_38-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_93_38-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Epigraphia Indica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica">p.93 Inscription No.22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarla_M._Sinopoli2001168-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarla_M._Sinopoli2001168_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarla_M._Sinopoli2001">Carla M. Sinopoli 2001</a>, p. 168.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFCarla_M._Sinopoli2001 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess" class="citation book cs1">Burgess. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/EpigraphiaIndica"><i>Epigraphia Indica Vol 8</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/EpigraphiaIndica/page/n127">93</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epigraphia+Indica+Vol+8&rft.pages=93&rft.au=Burgess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FEpigraphiaIndica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fergusson_274-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_274_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_274_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft">p.274ff</a> (Public domain text)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrancaccio2010" class="citation book cs1">Brancaccio, Pia (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4pXm7dD78C&pg=PA61"><i>The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion</i></a>. BRILL. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004185258" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004185258"><bdi>978-9004185258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buddhist+Caves+at+Aurangabad%3A+Transformations+in+Art+and+Religion&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-9004185258&rft.aulast=Brancaccio&rft.aufirst=Pia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm_4pXm7dD78C%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alcock-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alcock_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History by Susan E. Alcock <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MBuPx1rdGYIC&pg=PA168">p.168</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fergusson_275-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_275_44-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft">p.275ff</a> (Public domain text)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess1883" class="citation book cs1">Burgess, Jas (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.35775/2015.35775.Archaeological-Survey-Of-Western-India"><i>Archaeological Survey Of Western India</i></a>. p. 114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Survey+Of+Western+India&rft.pages=114&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Jas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.35775%2F2015.35775.Archaeological-Survey-Of-Western-India&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fergusson_277-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_277_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_277_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft">p.277ff</a> (Public domain text)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fergusson_278-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_278_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft">p.278ff</a> (Public domain text)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107034705/http://www.yotreks.com/Sahyadri/Caves/Pandavleni.html">"Pandavleni Caves"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yotreks.com/Sahyadri/Caves/Pandavleni.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pandavleni+Caves&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yotreks.com%2FSahyadri%2FCaves%2FPandavleni.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Inscriptions on Cave 10, 13, 15, 16</li> <li>Maharashtratil Buddha Dhammacha Itihas</li> <li>M.S.More</li> <li>Leni Maharashtrachi</li> <li>Dawood Dalvi</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926230100/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_pandulenacaves.asp">https://web.archive.org/web/20130926230100/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_pandulenacaves.asp</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Harle, J.C., <i>The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent</i>, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300062176" title="Special:BookSources/0300062176">0300062176</a></li> <li>Michell, George, <i>The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu</i>, 1989, Penguin Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140081445" title="Special:BookSources/0140081445">0140081445</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2008" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Upinder (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA383"><i>A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century</i></a>. Pearson Education India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-317-1120-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-317-1120-0"><bdi>978-81-317-1120-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+and+Early+Medieval+India%3A+From+the+Stone+Age+to+the+12th+Century&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-317-1120-0&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Upinder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH3lUIIYxWkEC%26pg%3DPA383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudhakar_Chattopadhyaya1974" class="citation book cs1">Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=78I5lDHU2jQC&pg=PA77"><i>Some Early Dynasties of South India</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-2941-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-2941-1"><bdi>978-81-208-2941-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Early+Dynasties+of+South+India&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-81-208-2941-1&rft.au=Sudhakar+Chattopadhyaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D78I5lDHU2jQC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasik+Caves" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nasik_Caves" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nasik Caves">Nasik Caves</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131001202528/http://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/touristplaces.htm">Official (Government) website of Nashik District</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_Buddhist_caves146" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFA500;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Buddhist_Caves" title="Template:Indian Buddhist Caves"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Buddhist_Caves" title="Template talk:Indian Buddhist Caves"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Buddhist_Caves" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Buddhist Caves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_Buddhist_caves146" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_caves_in_India" title="Buddhist caves in India">Indian Buddhist caves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nandalur" title="Nandalur">Adapur Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belum_Caves" title="Belum Caves">Belum Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandavaram_Buddhist_site" title="Chandavaram Buddhist site">Chandavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erravaram_Caves" title="Erravaram Caves">Erravaram Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntupalli_Group_of_Buddhist_Monuments" title="Guntupalli Group of Buddhist Monuments">Guntupalli Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotturu_Dhanadibbalu" title="Kotturu Dhanadibbalu">Kotturu Dhanadibbalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peddapuram" title="Peddapuram">Pandavula Metta Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramateertham" title="Ramateertham">Ramateertham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bojjannakonda" title="Bojjannakonda">Sankaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undavalli_Caves" title="Undavalli Caves">Undavalli Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indrasala_Cave" title="Indrasala Cave">Indrasala Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_Peak" title="Vulture Peak">Vulture Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saptaparni_Cave" title="Saptaparni Cave">Saptaparni Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomas_Rishi_Cave" title="Lomas Rishi Cave">Lomas Rishi Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhank_Caves" title="Dhank Caves">Dhank Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junagadh_Buddhist_Cave_Groups" title="Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups">Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khapra_Kodiya_Caves" title="Khapra Kodiya Caves">Khapra Kodiya Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bava_Pyara_Caves" title="Bava Pyara Caves">Bava Pyara Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uparkot_Caves" title="Uparkot Caves">Uparkot Caves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadia_Dungar_Caves" title="Kadia Dungar Caves">Kadia Dungar Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khambhalida_Caves" title="Khambhalida Caves">Khambhalida Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sana_Caves" title="Sana Caves">Sana Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyot_Caves" title="Siyot Caves">Siyot Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaja_Caves" title="Talaja Caves">Talaja Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami_cave_temples" title="Badami cave temples">Badami cave temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandava_Caves" title="Pandava Caves">Pandava Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagh_Caves" title="Bagh Caves">Bagh Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamnar_Caves" title="Dhamnar Caves">Dhamnar Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saru_Maru" title="Saru Maru">Saru Maru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambivali_Caves" title="Ambivali Caves">Ambivali Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_Caves" title="Aurangabad Caves">Aurangabad Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrot_Caves" title="Bahrot Caves">Bahrot Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedse_Caves" title="Bedse Caves">Bedse Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaja_Caves" title="Bhaja Caves">Bhaja Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharashiv_Caves" title="Dharashiv Caves">Dharashiv Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharpale_Caves" title="Gandharpale Caves">Mahad/Gandharpale Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghatotkacha_Caves" title="Ghatotkacha Caves">Ghatotkacha Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghorawadi_Caves" title="Ghorawadi Caves">Ghorawadi/Shelarwadi Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karad_Caves" title="Karad Caves">Karad Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khed_Caves" title="Khed Caves">Khed Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondana_Caves" title="Kondana Caves">Kondana Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuda_Caves" title="Kuda Caves">Kuda Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenavali_Caves" title="Nenavali Caves">Nenavali Caves</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nasik/Pandavleni Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhalakaji_Caves" title="Panhalakaji Caves">Panhalakaji Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patan_caves" title="Patan caves">Patan caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitalkhora" title="Pitalkhora">Pitalkhora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohale_Caves" title="Pohale Caves">Pohale Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirwal_Caves" title="Shirwal Caves">Shirwal Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanale_Caves" title="Thanale Caves">Nadsur/Thanale Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijasan_Caves" title="Vijasan Caves">Vijasan Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wai_Caves" title="Wai Caves">Wai Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerphal_Caves" title="Yerphal Caves">Yerphal Caves</a></li></ul> <p><b>In the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> area:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Elephanta Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogeshwari_Caves" title="Jogeshwari Caves">Jogeshwari Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakali_Caves" title="Mahakali Caves">Kondivite/Mahakali Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandapeshwar_Caves" title="Mandapeshwar Caves">Mandapeshwar Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanheri_Caves" title="Kanheri Caves">Kanheri Caves</a></li></ul> <p><b>In the <a href="/wiki/Junnar" title="Junnar">Junnar</a> area:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenyadri" title="Lenyadri">Lenyadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmodi_Caves" title="Manmodi Caves">Manmodi Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivneri_Caves" title="Shivneri Caves">Shivneri Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulja_Caves" title="Tulja Caves">Tulja Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binnayaga_Buddhist_Caves" title="Binnayaga Buddhist Caves">Binnayaga Buddhist Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathiagor_Buddhist_Caves" title="Hathiagor Buddhist Caves">Hathiagor Buddhist Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolvi_Caves" title="Kolvi Caves">Kolvi Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jain_Caves_in_India140" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFA500;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jain_Caves_in_India" title="Template:Jain Caves in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jain_Caves_in_India" title="Template talk:Jain Caves in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jain_Caves_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jain Caves in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jain_Caves_in_India140" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Jain Caves in India</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undavalli_Caves" title="Undavalli Caves">Undavalli Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_Bhandar_Caves" title="Son Bhandar Caves">Son Bhandar Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bava_Pyara_Caves" title="Bava Pyara Caves">Bava Pyara Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhank_Caves" title="Dhank Caves">Dhank Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaja_Caves" title="Talaja Caves">Talaja Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badami_cave_temples" title="Badami cave temples">Badami cave temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siddhachal_Caves" title="Siddhachal Caves">Siddhachal Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopachal_rock_cut_Jain_monuments" class="mw-redirect" title="Gopachal rock cut Jain monuments">Gopachal rock cut Jain monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_Caves" title="Udayagiri Caves">Udayagiri Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandavleni_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandavleni Caves">Nashik Caves/Pandav Leni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangi-Tungi" title="Mangi-Tungi">Mangi-Tungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharashiv_Caves" title="Dharashiv Caves">Dharashiv Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves">Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belum_Caves" title="Belum Caves">Belum Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samanar_Hills" title="Samanar Hills">Samanar Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalugumalai_Jain_Beds" title="Kalugumalai Jain Beds">Kalugumalai Jain Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittanavasal_Cave" title="Sittanavasal Cave">Sittanavasal Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armamalai_Cave" title="Armamalai Cave">Armamalai Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_(Jain_complex)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumalai (Jain complex)">Tirumalai (Jain complex)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sithanavasal" title="Sithanavasal">Sithanavasal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirakoil" title="Thirakoil">Thirakoil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&oldid=1276110813">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&oldid=1276110813</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_caves_in_Maharashtra" title="Category:Buddhist caves in Maharashtra">Buddhist caves in Maharashtra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jain_caves_in_India" title="Category:Jain caves in India">Jain caves in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves_of_Maharashtra" title="Category:Caves of Maharashtra">Caves of Maharashtra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock-cut_architecture_of_India" title="Category:Rock-cut architecture of India">Rock-cut architecture of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_populated_places_in_India" title="Category:Former populated places in India">Former populated places in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Nashik_district" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Nashik district">Tourist attractions in Nashik district</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India">Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_monasteries_in_India" title="Category:Buddhist monasteries in India">Buddhist monasteries in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_temples_in_India" title="Category:Buddhist temples in India">Buddhist temples in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_India" title="Category:Architecture in India">Architecture in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves_containing_pictograms_in_India" title="Category:Caves containing pictograms in India">Caves containing pictograms in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jain_rock-cut_architecture" title="Category:Jain rock-cut architecture">Jain rock-cut architecture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:3rd-century_BC_Jain_temples" title="Category:3rd-century BC Jain temples">3rd-century BC Jain temples</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_merged_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles to be merged from November 2024">Articles to be merged from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_merged" title="Category:All articles to be merged">All articles to be merged</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_copy_edit_from_November_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from November 2024">Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_needing_copy_edit" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles needing copy edit">All Wikipedia articles needing copy edit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2018">Use dmy dates from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_July_2018" title="Category:Use Indian English from July 2018">Use Indian English from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_cave_articles_with_unreferenced_coordinates" title="Category:Wikipedia cave articles with unreferenced coordinates">Wikipedia cave articles with unreferenced coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 23:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nasik_Caves&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nasik Caves</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>11 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-9hwhw","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.023","walltime":"1.361","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5907,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":118376,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":22594,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":227628,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1152.582 1 -total"," 13.02% 150.098 1 Template:Infobox_Cave"," 12.18% 140.362 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.20% 106.070 1 Template:BuddhasHolySites"," 8.94% 103.083 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.85% 102.030 5 Template:Cite_web"," 6.15% 70.896 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.70% 65.714 1 Template:Location_map"," 5.58% 64.371 12 Template:Blockquote"," 5.41% 62.381 12 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.494","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9517191,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBanerjee2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhandarkar1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrancaccio2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurgess\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurgess1883\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFergussonBurgess1880\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHultzsch1906\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLe2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalomon1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpink2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSudhakar_Chattopadhyaya1974\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 12,\n [\"BuddhasHolySites\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 5,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Copy edit\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Indian Buddhist Caves\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Cave\"] = 1,\n [\"Jain Caves in India\"] = 1,\n [\"Merge from\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 3,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\nno target: CITEREFCarla_M._Sinopoli2001\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-f4qtn","timestamp":"20250216230429","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Nasik Caves","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nasik_Caves","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7130537","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7130537","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-09-16T19:16:00Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T23:04:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ee\/Nasik_cave_17.jpg","headline":"ancient Buddhist cave complex in Nashik, India"}</script> </body> </html>