CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head lang="en-AU"> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Oliver Gasser, Author at APNIC Blog</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"/> <link rel="pingback" href="https://blog.apnic.net/xmlrpc.php"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="profile" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Oliver Gasser, Author at APNIC Blog" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="APNIC Blog" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/13ec2cfe353e0c47b51c9c87eef1bca1?s=500&d=mm&r=g" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@apnic" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"ProfilePage","@id":"https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/","url":"https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/","name":"Oliver Gasser, Author at APNIC Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://blog.apnic.net/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Certificate-Transparency-Banner.png","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/#primaryimage","url":"https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Certificate-Transparency-Banner.png","contentUrl":"https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Certificate-Transparency-Banner.png","width":555,"height":203},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://blog.apnic.net/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Archives for Oliver Gasser"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://blog.apnic.net/#website","url":"https://blog.apnic.net/","name":"APNIC Blog","description":"Regional Internet Registry for the Asia Pacific","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://blog.apnic.net/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://blog.apnic.net/#/schema/person/810e480683118a6968f430639e5550de","name":"Oliver Gasser","description":"Oliver Gasser is Head of Research at IPinfo. Previously he led the Internet Security Measurements research group at the Max Planck Institute for Informatics. In 2019 he received his Ph.D. from the Technical University of Munich.","sameAs":["https://olivergasser.net/"],"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/"}}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//secure.rating-widget.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.apnic.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="APNIC Blog » Feed" href="https://blog.apnic.net/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="APNIC Blog » Comments Feed" href="https://blog.apnic.net/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="APNIC Blog » Posts by Oliver Gasser Feed" href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/blog.apnic.net\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-plain{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='inseri-core-html-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{word-wrap:normal;background:none;color:#000;font-family:Consolas,Monaco,Andale Mono,Ubuntu Mono,monospace;font-size:1em;-webkit-hyphens:none;hyphens:none;line-height:1.5;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;text-align:left;text-shadow:0 1px #fff;white-space:pre;word-break:normal;word-spacing:normal}code[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,code[class*=language-]::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-]::-moz-selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}code[class*=language-] ::selection,code[class*=language-]::selection,pre[class*=language-] ::selection,pre[class*=language-]::selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}@media print{code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{text-shadow:none}}pre[class*=language-]{margin:.5em 0;overflow:auto;padding:1em}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{background:#f5f2f0}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-]{border-radius:.3em;padding:.1em;white-space:normal}.token.cdata,.token.comment,.token.doctype,.token.prolog{color:#708090}.token.punctuation{color:#999}.token.namespace{opacity:.7}.token.boolean,.token.constant,.token.deleted,.token.number,.token.property,.token.symbol,.token.tag{color:#905}.token.attr-name,.token.builtin,.token.char,.token.inserted,.token.selector,.token.string{color:#690}.language-css .token.string,.style .token.string,.token.entity,.token.operator,.token.url{background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5);color:#9a6e3a}.token.atrule,.token.attr-value,.token.keyword{color:#07a}.token.class-name,.token.function{color:#dd4a68}.token.important,.token.regex,.token.variable{color:#e90}.token.bold,.token.important{font-weight:700}.token.italic{font-style:italic}.token.entity{cursor:help} </style> <style id='inseri-core-javascript-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{word-wrap:normal;background:none;color:#000;font-family:Consolas,Monaco,Andale Mono,Ubuntu Mono,monospace;font-size:1em;-webkit-hyphens:none;hyphens:none;line-height:1.5;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;text-align:left;text-shadow:0 1px #fff;white-space:pre;word-break:normal;word-spacing:normal}code[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,code[class*=language-]::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-]::-moz-selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}code[class*=language-] ::selection,code[class*=language-]::selection,pre[class*=language-] ::selection,pre[class*=language-]::selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}@media print{code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{text-shadow:none}}pre[class*=language-]{margin:.5em 0;overflow:auto;padding:1em}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{background:#f5f2f0}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-]{border-radius:.3em;padding:.1em;white-space:normal}.token.cdata,.token.comment,.token.doctype,.token.prolog{color:#708090}.token.punctuation{color:#999}.token.namespace{opacity:.7}.token.boolean,.token.constant,.token.deleted,.token.number,.token.property,.token.symbol,.token.tag{color:#905}.token.attr-name,.token.builtin,.token.char,.token.inserted,.token.selector,.token.string{color:#690}.language-css .token.string,.style .token.string,.token.entity,.token.operator,.token.url{background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5);color:#9a6e3a}.token.atrule,.token.attr-value,.token.keyword{color:#07a}.token.class-name,.token.function{color:#dd4a68}.token.important,.token.regex,.token.variable{color:#e90}.token.bold,.token.important{font-weight:700}.token.italic{font-style:italic}.token.entity{cursor:help} </style> <style id='inseri-core-javascript-style-2-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--separator-border:hsla(0,0%,50%,.35);--sash-hover-transition-duration:0.1s}.allotment-module_splitView__L-yRc{height:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}.allotment-module_splitView__L-yRc>.allotment-module_sashContainer__fzwJF{height:100%;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;width:100%}.allotment-module_splitView__L-yRc>.allotment-module_sashContainer__fzwJF>.allotment-module_sash__QA-2t{pointer-events:auto}.allotment-module_splitView__L-yRc>.allotment-module_splitViewContainer__rQnVa{height:100%;position:relative;white-space:nowrap;width:100%}.allotment-module_splitView__L-yRc>.allotment-module_splitViewContainer__rQnVa>.allotment-module_splitViewView__MGZ6O{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;white-space:normal}.allotment-module_splitView__L-yRc.allotment-module_vertical__WSwwa>.allotment-module_splitViewContainer__rQnVa>.allotment-module_splitViewView__MGZ6O{width:100%}.allotment-module_splitView__L-yRc.allotment-module_horizontal__7doS8>.allotment-module_splitViewContainer__rQnVa>.allotment-module_splitViewView__MGZ6O{height:100%}.allotment-module_splitView__L-yRc.allotment-module_separatorBorder__x-rDS>.allotment-module_splitViewContainer__rQnVa>.allotment-module_splitViewView__MGZ6O:not(:first-child):before{background-color:var(--separator-border);content:" ";left:0;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;top:0;z-index:5}.allotment-module_splitView__L-yRc.allotment-module_separatorBorder__x-rDS.allotment-module_vertical__WSwwa>.allotment-module_splitViewContainer__rQnVa>.allotment-module_splitViewView__MGZ6O:not(:first-child):before{height:1px;width:100%}.allotment-module_splitView__L-yRc.allotment-module_separatorBorder__x-rDS.allotment-module_horizontal__7doS8>.allotment-module_splitViewContainer__rQnVa>.allotment-module_splitViewView__MGZ6O:not(:first-child):before{height:100%;width:1px}:root{--focus-border:#007fd4;--sash-size:8px;--sash-hover-size:4px}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB{pointer-events:auto;position:absolute;text-align:initial;touch-action:none;z-index:35}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_disabled__Hm-wx{pointer-events:none}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_mac__Jf6OJ.sash-module_vertical__pB-rs{cursor:col-resize}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_vertical__pB-rs.sash-module_minimum__-UKxp{cursor:e-resize}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_vertical__pB-rs.sash-module_maximum__TCWxD{cursor:w-resize}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_mac__Jf6OJ.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw{cursor:row-resize}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw.sash-module_minimum__-UKxp{cursor:s-resize}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw.sash-module_maximum__TCWxD{cursor:n-resize}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_disabled__Hm-wx{cursor:default!important;pointer-events:none!important}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_vertical__pB-rs{cursor:ew-resize;height:100%;top:0;width:var(--sash-size)}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw{cursor:ns-resize;height:var(--sash-size);left:0;width:100%}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB:not(.sash-module_disabled__Hm-wx)>.sash-module_orthogonal-drag-handle__Yii2-{content:" ";cursor:all-scroll;display:block;height:calc(var(--sash-size)*2);position:absolute;width:calc(var(--sash-size)*2);z-index:100}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw.sash-module_orthogonal-edge-north__f7Noe:not(.sash-module_disabled__Hm-wx)>.sash-module_orthogonal-drag-handle__Yii2-.sash-module_start__uZEDk,.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw.sash-module_orthogonal-edge-south__6ZrFC:not(.sash-module_disabled__Hm-wx)>.sash-module_orthogonal-drag-handle__Yii2-.sash-module_end__0TP-R{cursor:nwse-resize}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw.sash-module_orthogonal-edge-north__f7Noe:not(.sash-module_disabled__Hm-wx)>.sash-module_orthogonal-drag-handle__Yii2-.sash-module_end__0TP-R,.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw.sash-module_orthogonal-edge-south__6ZrFC:not(.sash-module_disabled__Hm-wx)>.sash-module_orthogonal-drag-handle__Yii2-.sash-module_start__uZEDk{cursor:nesw-resize}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_vertical__pB-rs>.sash-module_orthogonal-drag-handle__Yii2-.sash-module_start__uZEDk{left:calc(var(--sash-size)*-.5);top:calc(var(--sash-size)*-1)}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_vertical__pB-rs>.sash-module_orthogonal-drag-handle__Yii2-.sash-module_end__0TP-R{bottom:calc(var(--sash-size)*-1);left:calc(var(--sash-size)*-.5)}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw>.sash-module_orthogonal-drag-handle__Yii2-.sash-module_start__uZEDk{left:calc(var(--sash-size)*-1);top:calc(var(--sash-size)*-.5)}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw>.sash-module_orthogonal-drag-handle__Yii2-.sash-module_end__0TP-R{right:calc(var(--sash-size)*-1);top:calc(var(--sash-size)*-.5)}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB:before{background:transparent;content:"";height:100%;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;transition:background-color var(--sash-hover-transition-duration) ease-out;width:100%}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_vertical__pB-rs:before{left:calc(50% - var(--sash-hover-size)/2);width:var(--sash-hover-size)}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_horizontal__kFbiw:before{height:var(--sash-hover-size);top:calc(50% - var(--sash-hover-size)/2)}.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_active__bJspD:before,.sash-module_sash__K-9lB.sash-module_hover__80W6I:before{background:var(--focus-border)} </style> <style id='inseri-core-python-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{word-wrap:normal;background:none;color:#000;font-family:Consolas,Monaco,Andale Mono,Ubuntu Mono,monospace;font-size:1em;-webkit-hyphens:none;hyphens:none;line-height:1.5;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;text-align:left;text-shadow:0 1px #fff;white-space:pre;word-break:normal;word-spacing:normal}code[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,code[class*=language-]::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-]::-moz-selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}code[class*=language-] ::selection,code[class*=language-]::selection,pre[class*=language-] ::selection,pre[class*=language-]::selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}@media print{code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{text-shadow:none}}pre[class*=language-]{margin:.5em 0;overflow:auto;padding:1em}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{background:#f5f2f0}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-]{border-radius:.3em;padding:.1em;white-space:normal}.token.cdata,.token.comment,.token.doctype,.token.prolog{color:#708090}.token.punctuation{color:#999}.token.namespace{opacity:.7}.token.boolean,.token.constant,.token.deleted,.token.number,.token.property,.token.symbol,.token.tag{color:#905}.token.attr-name,.token.builtin,.token.char,.token.inserted,.token.selector,.token.string{color:#690}.language-css .token.string,.style .token.string,.token.entity,.token.operator,.token.url{background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5);color:#9a6e3a}.token.atrule,.token.attr-value,.token.keyword{color:#07a}.token.class-name,.token.function{color:#dd4a68}.token.important,.token.regex,.token.variable{color:#e90}.token.bold,.token.important{font-weight:700}.token.italic{font-style:italic}.token.entity{cursor:help} </style> <style id='inseri-core-r-code-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{word-wrap:normal;background:none;color:#000;font-family:Consolas,Monaco,Andale Mono,Ubuntu Mono,monospace;font-size:1em;-webkit-hyphens:none;hyphens:none;line-height:1.5;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;text-align:left;text-shadow:0 1px #fff;white-space:pre;word-break:normal;word-spacing:normal}code[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,code[class*=language-]::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-]::-moz-selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}code[class*=language-] ::selection,code[class*=language-]::selection,pre[class*=language-] ::selection,pre[class*=language-]::selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}@media print{code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{text-shadow:none}}pre[class*=language-]{margin:.5em 0;overflow:auto;padding:1em}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{background:#f5f2f0}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-]{border-radius:.3em;padding:.1em;white-space:normal}.token.cdata,.token.comment,.token.doctype,.token.prolog{color:#708090}.token.punctuation{color:#999}.token.namespace{opacity:.7}.token.boolean,.token.constant,.token.deleted,.token.number,.token.property,.token.symbol,.token.tag{color:#905}.token.attr-name,.token.builtin,.token.char,.token.inserted,.token.selector,.token.string{color:#690}.language-css .token.string,.style .token.string,.token.entity,.token.operator,.token.url{background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5);color:#9a6e3a}.token.atrule,.token.attr-value,.token.keyword{color:#07a}.token.class-name,.token.function{color:#dd4a68}.token.important,.token.regex,.token.variable{color:#e90}.token.bold,.token.important{font-weight:700}.token.italic{font-style:italic}.token.entity{cursor:help} </style> <style id='inseri-core-text-editor-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{word-wrap:normal;background:none;color:#000;font-family:Consolas,Monaco,Andale Mono,Ubuntu Mono,monospace;font-size:1em;-webkit-hyphens:none;hyphens:none;line-height:1.5;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;text-align:left;text-shadow:0 1px #fff;white-space:pre;word-break:normal;word-spacing:normal}code[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,code[class*=language-]::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-]::-moz-selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}code[class*=language-] ::selection,code[class*=language-]::selection,pre[class*=language-] ::selection,pre[class*=language-]::selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}@media print{code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{text-shadow:none}}pre[class*=language-]{margin:.5em 0;overflow:auto;padding:1em}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{background:#f5f2f0}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-]{border-radius:.3em;padding:.1em;white-space:normal}.token.cdata,.token.comment,.token.doctype,.token.prolog{color:#708090}.token.punctuation{color:#999}.token.namespace{opacity:.7}.token.boolean,.token.constant,.token.deleted,.token.number,.token.property,.token.symbol,.token.tag{color:#905}.token.attr-name,.token.builtin,.token.char,.token.inserted,.token.selector,.token.string{color:#690}.language-css .token.string,.style .token.string,.token.entity,.token.operator,.token.url{background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5);color:#9a6e3a}.token.atrule,.token.attr-value,.token.keyword{color:#07a}.token.class-name,.token.function{color:#dd4a68}.token.important,.token.regex,.token.variable{color:#e90}.token.bold,.token.important{font-weight:700}.token.italic{font-style:italic}.token.entity{cursor:help} </style> <style id='inseri-core-text-viewer-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{word-wrap:normal;background:none;color:#000;font-family:Consolas,Monaco,Andale Mono,Ubuntu Mono,monospace;font-size:1em;-webkit-hyphens:none;hyphens:none;line-height:1.5;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;text-align:left;text-shadow:0 1px #fff;white-space:pre;word-break:normal;word-spacing:normal}code[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,code[class*=language-]::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-]::-moz-selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}code[class*=language-] ::selection,code[class*=language-]::selection,pre[class*=language-] ::selection,pre[class*=language-]::selection{background:#b3d4fc;text-shadow:none}@media print{code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{text-shadow:none}}pre[class*=language-]{margin:.5em 0;overflow:auto;padding:1em}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{background:#f5f2f0}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-]{border-radius:.3em;padding:.1em;white-space:normal}.token.cdata,.token.comment,.token.doctype,.token.prolog{color:#708090}.token.punctuation{color:#999}.token.namespace{opacity:.7}.token.boolean,.token.constant,.token.deleted,.token.number,.token.property,.token.symbol,.token.tag{color:#905}.token.attr-name,.token.builtin,.token.char,.token.inserted,.token.selector,.token.string{color:#690}.language-css .token.string,.style .token.string,.token.entity,.token.operator,.token.url{background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5);color:#9a6e3a}.token.atrule,.token.attr-value,.token.keyword{color:#07a}.token.class-name,.token.function{color:#dd4a68}.token.important,.token.regex,.token.variable{color:#e90}.token.bold,.token.important{font-weight:700}.token.italic{font-style:italic}.token.entity{cursor:help} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--blue: #21759b;--wp--preset--color--dark-gray: #444;--wp--preset--color--medium-gray: #9f9f9f;--wp--preset--color--light-gray: #e6e6e6;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='rw-site-rating-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/plugins/rating-widget/resources/css/site-rating.css?ver=3.2.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='stcr-font-awesome-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-to-comments-reloaded/includes/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='stcr-style-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-to-comments-reloaded/includes/css/stcr-style.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='twentytwelve-style-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic-corporate-identity/style.css?ver=20240716' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='twentytwelve-block-style-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/twentytwelve/css/blocks.css?ver=20240603' type='text/css' media='all' />  <link rel='stylesheet' id='rw_toprated-css' href='https://secure.rating-widget.com/css/wordpress/toprated.css?ck=Y2024M12D01&ver=3.2.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='rw_recommendations-css' href='https://secure.rating-widget.com/css/widget/recommendations.css?ck=Y2024M12D01&ver=3.2.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack-authors-widget-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/widgets/authors/style.css?ver=20161228' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic-corporate-identity/dist/index-vCQv3ye3M.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='theme-fonts-css' href='https://www.apnic.net/fonts/835628/D99FF905ACA9D69D2.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/react.min.js?ver=18.3.1" id="react-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/react-jsx-runtime.min.js?ver=18.3.1" id="react-jsx-runtime-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/deprecated.min.js?ver=e1f84915c5e8ae38964c" id="wp-deprecated-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/dom.min.js?ver=4ecffbffba91b10c5c7a" id="wp-dom-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/react-dom.min.js?ver=18.3.1" id="react-dom-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/escape-html.min.js?ver=6561a406d2d232a6fbd2" id="wp-escape-html-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/element.min.js?ver=cb762d190aebbec25b27" id="wp-element-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/is-shallow-equal.min.js?ver=e0f9f1d78d83f5196979" id="wp-is-shallow-equal-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/keycodes.min.js?ver=034ff647a54b018581d3" id="wp-keycodes-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/priority-queue.min.js?ver=9c21c957c7e50ffdbf48" id="wp-priority-queue-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/compose.min.js?ver=b8d54449305350b51869" id="wp-compose-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/private-apis.min.js?ver=17a2e640b653d742da6e" id="wp-private-apis-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/redux-routine.min.js?ver=a0a172871afaeb261566" id="wp-redux-routine-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/dist/data.min.js?ver=7c62e39de0308c73d50c" id="wp-data-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-data-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ ( function() { var userId = 0; var storageKey = "WP_DATA_USER_" + userId; wp.data .use( wp.data.plugins.persistence, { storageKey: storageKey } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="inseri-core-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var inseriApiSettings = {"root":"https:\/\/blog.apnic.net\/wp-json\/","nonce":"d173f44632","pyWorker":"https:\/\/blog.apnic.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/inseri-core\/build\/blocks\/python\/worker.js","jsWorker":"https:\/\/blog.apnic.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/inseri-core\/build\/blocks\/javascript\/worker.js"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/plugins/inseri-core/build/inseri-core.js?ver=4de18da67508c11ec8de" id="inseri-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic-corporate-identity/dist/index-vD2mlIDMs.js?ver=6.6.2" id="all-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-json/wp/v2/users/299" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://blog.apnic.net/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="http://css.rating-widget.com"/> <script> function loadSocial() { // Ensure social wrap is displayed as its hidden by default. var social = document.getElementById("social_media_widgets"); if (social !== null && social !== undefined) { social.style.display = "block"; // Twitter !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'); // Facebook (function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_GB/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.0"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } } // Ensure that we don't block functionality by loading this code. if (window.attachEvent) { // ie8 and before support. window.attachEvent("onload", loadSocial); } else { window.addEventListener("load", loadSocial, false); } </script> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <style type="text/css">.pp-podcast {opacity: 0;}</style> <style type="text/css">.blue-message { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #3399ff; color: #ffffff; text-shadow: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding: 10px; } .green-message { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #8cc14c; color: #ffffff; text-shadow: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding: 10px; } .orange-message { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #faa732; color: #ffffff; text-shadow: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding: 10px; } .red-message { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #da4d31; color: #ffffff; text-shadow: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding: 10px; } .grey-message { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #53555c; color: #ffffff; text-shadow: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding: 10px; } .left-block { background: none repeat scroll 0 0px, radial-gradient(ellipse at center center, #ffffff 0%, #f2f2f2 100%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: #8b8e97; padding: 10px; margin: 10px; float: left; } .right-block { background: none repeat scroll 0 0px, radial-gradient(ellipse at center center, #ffffff 0%, #f2f2f2 100%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: #8b8e97; padding: 10px; margin: 10px; float: right; } .blockquotes { background: none; border-left: 5px solid #f1f1f1; color: #8B8E97; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; line-height: 22px; padding-left: 15px; padding: 10px; width: 60%; float: left; } </style><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js" integrity="sha256-/JqT3SQfawRcv/BIHPThkBvs0OEvtFFmqPF/lYI/Cxo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> [class^="wp-block-"] figcaption { font-style:normal !important; line-height: 1.5 !important; } .wp-block-code code { white-space: pre; padding: 15px 10px; } aside#block-3 > p:first-of-type { display: none; } div#article-content img { max-width: 100%; } </style>   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P2N7QT3');</script>  </head> <body class="archive author author-oliver-gasser author-299 wp-embed-responsive theme-blog apnic-blog-body">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P2N7QT3" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <a class="skip-link sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header> <nav class="omnibar omnibar--desktop-no-logo"> <div class="container omnibar__container"> <div class="omnibar__group-left"> <div class="omnibar-logo__container"> <a href="https://blog.apnic.net"> <img class="omnibar-logo__image" src="https://webdist.data.apnic.net/web-framework-theme/9.1.5/images/apnic-reverse.svg" alt="APNIC Home"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="omnibar__group-right"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="omnibar-hamburger__toggle omnibar-hamburger__toggle--desktop dropdown-toggle" id="omnibarHamburgerButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <img class="omnibar-hamburger__icon" src="https://webdist.data.apnic.net/web-framework-theme/9.1.5/images/icon-square-kebab.svg" aria-hidden="true" alt=""> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right omnibar-quick-links__wrap" aria-labelledby="omnibarHamburgerButton" style="display: none;"> <a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://my.apnic.net/">MyAPNIC</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://academy.apnic.net/">Academy</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://blog.apnic.net/">Blog</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://orbit.apnic.net/">Orbit</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://rex.apnic.net/">REx</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://netox.apnic.net/">NetOX</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://dash.apnic.net/">DASH</a> </div> </div> <a class="omnibar-primary-action__button" href="https://my.apnic.net/"> <span class="omnibar-primary-action__button-text">Log in</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="contextual contextual--grey"> <div class="container contextual__container"> <div class="container_group-left"> <a class="contextual__h1-link" href="/"> <h1 class="contextual__h1">Home</h1> </a> </div> <div class="container_group-right d-flex"> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation"> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary"> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__item"> <form role="search" method="get" action="https://blog.apnic.net" class="form-inline omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__search"> <label class="sr-only" for="form-search">Whois and website search</label> <input type="text" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__search-input" id="form-search" name="s" value="" aria-label="Search" placeholder="WHOIS & WEBSITE"> <button type="submit" class="btn omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__search-submit"> <span class="sr-only">Search</span> <span class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </form> </div> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__item"> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__all-caps"> <a href="https://wq.apnic.net/whois-search/static/search.html">Advanced Whois</a> </div> </div> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__item"> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__all-caps"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/">Make a payment</a> </div> </div> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__item"> <div id="ip"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contextual__navbar-mobile"> <div class="dropdown omnibar-contextual-search__dropdown"> <a class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle omnibar-contextual-search__toggle" href="#" role="button" id="mobileContextualSearch" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="omnibar-contextual-search__toggle-text--toggled">Close Search</span> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu omnibar-contextual-search__wrap" aria-labelledby="mobileContextualSearch"> <form class="form-inline omnibar-contextual-search__form" role="search" method="get" action="https://blog.apnic.net"> <div class="input-group w-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="contextualSearchInput">Search APNIC.net OR enter Whois database query</label> <input type="text" class="form-control omnibar-contextual-search__input" name="s" value="" id="contextualSearchInput" placeholder="Search APNIC.net OR enter Whois database query"> <i class="fas fa-search omnibar-contextual-search__icon"></i> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown contextual__dropdown"> <a class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle omnibar-contextual-hamburger__toggle" href="#" role="button" id="mobileContextualMenu" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu omnibar-contextual__wrap" aria-labelledby="mobileContextualMenu">  <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Get IP</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/get-ip-addresses-asn/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Get IP</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Make a payment</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Membership</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/faqs/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">FAQs</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Manage IP</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/myapnic/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">MyAPNIC</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/using-whois/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Using Whois</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/ipv4-exhaustion/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">IPv4 exhaustion</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/ipv6/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Go IPv6</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/apnic-services/routing-registry/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Routing Registry</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Make a payment</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Training</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/about/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">About</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/events" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Events</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://academy.apnic.net/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Academy</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/community-trainers/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Community Trainers</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/courses" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Courses</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Events</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/conferences/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Conferences</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/calendar" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Calendar</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/sponsor-an-event" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Sponsorship</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/apnic-community-code-of-conduct/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Code of Conduct</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Insights</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://labs.apnic.net/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Labs</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://dash.apnic.net/?utm_source=insights&utm_medium=button&utm_campaign=insights_page" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">DASH to secure your networks</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://rex.apnic.net/?utm_source=insights&utm_medium=button&utm_campaign=insights_page" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">REx</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://netox.apnic.net/?utm_source=insights&utm_medium=button&utm_campaign=insights_page" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">NetOX to solve routing issues</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://ftp.apnic.net/public/stats/apnic" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Raw Data</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Community</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://orbit.apnic.net/news-feed/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Orbit</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/community-demographics/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Community demographics</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Policy Development</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/fellowship/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Fellowship</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/current/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Addressing policies</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/ecosystem/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Internet community</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/apnic-community-code-of-conduct/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Code of Conduct</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/technical-assistance/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Technical Assistance</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/root-servers/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Root servers</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/security/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Security at APNIC</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/isif/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">ISIF Asia</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://apnic.foundation" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Foundation</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/participate/elections/nro-elections/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">NRO Number Council (NC)</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <a class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link <?php echo ?>" href="https://blog.apnic.net/"> Blog </a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <a class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link <?php echo ?>" href="https://help.apnic.net/s/"> Help Centre </a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">About</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/apnic-region/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Region</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Membership</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/structure/apnic-executive-council/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Executive Council</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/service-updates/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Service updates</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/team/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Team</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/corporate-documents/annual-reports/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Annual Reports</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/transparency/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Transparency</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/participate/member-feedback/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Survey</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/corporate-documents/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Corporate Documents</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/publications-archive/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Publications Archive</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/employment/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Careers</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/a-z-glossary/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Glossary</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <a class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link <?php echo omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link--last-of-section ?>" href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/contact-apnic/"> Contact </a> </li> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <a class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link--alt" href="https://wq.apnic.net/whois-search/static/search.html" >Advanced Whois</a> </li> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <a class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link--alt" href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/" >Make a payment</a> </li> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <div id="ipSecondary" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link"></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav><header class="apnic-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-8"> <div class="apnic-header-brand"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/" aria-label="APNIC Home"> <img src="https://webdist.data.apnic.net/web-framework-theme/9.1.5/images/apnic.svg" alt="APNIC Home"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 d-none d-lg-block text-right"> <div id="glyph" class="header-glyph" style="z-index: 1;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </header><nav class="navbar apnic-main-nav navbar-expand-lg" id="apnic-navbar-content"> <div class="container"> <ul class="navbar-nav nav nav-pills justify-content-end ml-auto"> <li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/get-ip-addresses-asn/" aria-expanded="false">Get IP</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/get-ip-addresses-asn/">Get IP</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/">Make a payment</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/">Membership</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/faqs/">FAQs</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/" aria-expanded="false">Manage IP</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/myapnic/">MyAPNIC</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/using-whois/">Using Whois</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/ipv4-exhaustion/">IPv4 exhaustion</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/ipv6/">Go IPv6</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/apnic-services/routing-registry/">Routing Registry</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/">Make a payment</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/" aria-expanded="false">Training</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/about/">About</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/events">Events</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://academy.apnic.net/">APNIC Academy</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/community-trainers/">Community Trainers</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/courses">Courses</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/" aria-expanded="false">Events</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/conferences/">Conferences</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/calendar">Calendar</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/sponsor-an-event">Sponsorship</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/apnic-community-code-of-conduct/">Code of Conduct</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/insights" aria-expanded="false">Insights</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://labs.apnic.net/">APNIC Labs</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://dash.apnic.net/?utm_source=insights&utm_medium=button&utm_campaign=insights_page">DASH to secure your networks</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://rex.apnic.net/?utm_source=insights&utm_medium=button&utm_campaign=insights_page">REx</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://netox.apnic.net/?utm_source=insights&utm_medium=button&utm_campaign=insights_page">NetOX to solve routing issues</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://ftp.apnic.net/public/stats/apnic">Raw Data</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/" aria-expanded="false">Community</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://orbit.apnic.net/news-feed/">Orbit</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/community-demographics/">Community demographics</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/">Policy Development</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/fellowship/">Fellowship</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/current/">Addressing policies</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/ecosystem/">Internet community</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/apnic-community-code-of-conduct/">Code of Conduct</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/technical-assistance/">Technical Assistance</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/root-servers/">Root servers</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/security/">Security at APNIC</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/isif/">ISIF Asia</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://apnic.foundation">APNIC Foundation</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/participate/elections/nro-elections/">NRO Number Council (NC)</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item"> <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/"> Blog </a> </li><li class="navigation-item"> <a href="https://help.apnic.net/s/"> Help Centre </a> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/" aria-expanded="false">About</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/apnic-region/">APNIC Region</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/">APNIC Membership</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/structure/apnic-executive-council/">Executive Council</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/service-updates/">Service updates</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/team/">Team</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/corporate-documents/annual-reports/">Annual Reports</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/transparency/">Transparency</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/participate/member-feedback/">APNIC Survey</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/corporate-documents/">Corporate Documents</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/publications-archive/">Publications Archive</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/employment/">Careers</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/a-z-glossary/">Glossary</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/contact-apnic/"> Contact </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="shadowbox"></div> </nav></header> <div id="page" class="hfeed site container p-4"> <div id="main" class="content row"> <div id="primary" class="site-content col-md-9"> <div id="content" role="main" class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <header class="archive-header"> <h1 class="archive-title"> Author <br> <img class="author-photo" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Oliver-Gasser-200x200.jpg" alt=""> <p class="vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/" title="Oliver Gasser" rel="me">Oliver Gasser</a></p> </h1> </header> <div class="author-info"> <div class="author-description"> <p>Oliver Gasser is Head of Research at IPinfo. Previously he led the Internet Security Measurements research group at the Max Planck Institute for Informatics. In 2019 he received his Ph.D. from the Technical University of Munich.</p> </div> </div> <div class="author-info"> <div class="author-url"> <i class="fas fa-globe"></i> <a href="https://olivergasser.net/" target="_blank">https://olivergasser.net/</a> </div> </div> <br> <p id="back-to-home" class="hidden-print"> <a href="/"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span>Blog home</span> </a> </p> </div> <div class="col-md-8">  <article id="post-21616" class="post-stub post-21616 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-tech-matters tag-certificate tag-guest-post tag-measurement tag-security"> <header class="entry-header"> <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/2018/05/14/analyzing-the-certificate-ecosystem-using-ct-logs/" class="thumbnail-link-co-hover" data-target="#thumbnail-link-co-hover-21616" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <img width="100" height="75" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Certificate-Transparency-Banner-100x75.png?v=a476a56ee8d4f3257bc124807f6143716bfe71d3e0e2cfc30fb1fc990b04f0a9" class="attachment-featuredImageTiny size-featuredImageTiny wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /> </a> <h3 class="entry-title"> <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/2018/05/14/analyzing-the-certificate-ecosystem-using-ct-logs/" rel="bookmark" id="thumbnail-link-co-hover-21616"> Analyzing the certificate ecosystem using CT logs </a> </h3> <p class="meta-author-and-date"> By <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/" title="Posts by Oliver Gasser" rel="author">Oliver Gasser</a> on 14 May 2018 </p> </header> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>Guest Post: Study scans 600 million certificates from 30 CT logs to analyze the application of best security practices.</p> </div> </article> </div> <br /> <p id="back-to-top" class="hidden-print"> <a href="#content"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-up" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span>Top</span> </a> </p> </div> </div> <section id="secondary" class="widget-area col-12 col-md-3" role="complementary"> <aside id="mailpoet_form-2" class="widget widget_mailpoet_form"> <h3 class="widget-title">Get Updates</h3> <div class=" mailpoet_form_popup_overlay "></div> <div id="mailpoet_form_2" class=" mailpoet_form mailpoet_form_widget mailpoet_form_position_ mailpoet_form_animation_ " > <style type="text/css"> #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_form { background: #eee !important; color: #333 !important; padding: 10px 10px 1px 10px; margin-bottom: 24px; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_paragraph { line-height: 20px; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_segment_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_text_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_textarea_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_select_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_radio_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_checkbox_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_list_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_date_label { display: block; font-weight: normal; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_text, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_textarea, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_select, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_date_month, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_date_day, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_date_year, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_date { display: block; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_text, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_textarea { width: 100%; padding: 6px 12px; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_checkbox { } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_submit:hover { cursor: pointer; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_submit { border-color: transparent; background-color: #006fab; color: white; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0; padding: 6px 12px; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_submit input { } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_divider { } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_message { } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_validate_success { color: #468847; background-color: #fff; font-size: 85%; opacity: .87; padding: 5px; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_validate_error { color: #b94a48; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_form .parsley-errors-list { opacity: .87; font-size: 85%; font-weight: 400; padding: 0; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_form .parsley-errors-list li { padding: 5px 5px; margin: 0; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_form #get-updates-options { position: relative; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_form #get-updates-options .parsley-errors-list { position: absolute; bottom: -30px; left: 0; z-index: 999; } #mailpoet_form_2 #get-updates-options-control { color: #333 !important; font-weight: 600 !important; margin-top: 10px; } #mailpoet_form_2 #get-updates-options p { color: #333 !important; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_paragraph input.parsley-error { background-color: unset !important; border: 2px solid #b00020 !important; color: initial; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_paragraph input.parsley-success { background-color: unset !important; border: 2px solid #208836 !important; color: initial; }#mailpoet_form_2{border-radius: 0px;text-align: left;}#mailpoet_form_2 form.mailpoet_form {padding: 10px;}#mailpoet_form_2{width: 100%;}#mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_message {margin: 0; padding: 0 20px;}#mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_paragraph.last {margin-bottom: 0} @media (max-width: 500px) {#mailpoet_form_2 {background-image: none;}} @media (min-width: 500px) {#mailpoet_form_2 .last .mailpoet_paragraph:last-child {margin-bottom: 0}} @media (max-width: 500px) {#mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_form_column:last-child .mailpoet_paragraph:last-child {margin-bottom: 0}} </style> <form target="_self" method="post" action="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-admin/admin-post.php?action=mailpoet_subscription_form" class="mailpoet_form mailpoet_form_form mailpoet_form_widget" novalidate data-delay="" data-exit-intent-enabled="" data-font-family="" data-cookie-expiration-time="" > <input type="hidden" name="data[form_id]" value="2" /> <input type="hidden" name="token" value="32be124769" /> <input type="hidden" name="api_version" value="v1" /> <input type="hidden" name="endpoint" value="subscribers" /> <input type="hidden" name="mailpoet_method" value="subscribe" /> <label class="mailpoet_hp_email_label" style="display: none !important;">Please leave this field empty<input type="email" name="data[email]"/></label><div class="mailpoet_paragraph "><label for="form_email_2" class="mailpoet_text_label" data-automation-id="form_email_label" >Email <span class="mailpoet_required">*</span></label><input type="email" autocomplete="email" class="mailpoet_text" id="form_email_2" name="data[form_field_ZTY0NTU2N2ExMTA4X2VtYWls]" title="Email" value="" style="padding:5px;margin: 0 auto 0 0;" data-automation-id="form_email" data-parsley-errors-container=".mailpoet_error_c8oi9" data-parsley-required="true" data-parsley-minlength="6" data-parsley-maxlength="150" data-parsley-type-message="This value should be a valid email." data-parsley-required-message="This field is required."/><span class="mailpoet_error_c8oi9"></span></div> <div class="mailpoet_paragraph " ><span id="get-updates-options-control">Show options</span></div> <div class="mailpoet_paragraph "><input type="submit" class="mailpoet_submit" value="Subscribe!" data-automation-id="subscribe-submit-button" style="padding:5px;margin: 0 auto 0 0;border-color:transparent;" /><span class="mailpoet_form_loading"><span class="mailpoet_bounce1"></span><span class="mailpoet_bounce2"></span><span class="mailpoet_bounce3"></span></span></div> <div class="mailpoet_paragraph get-updates-options"><fieldset><legend class="mailpoet_segment_label" >Select list(s):</legend><label class="mailpoet_checkbox_label" ><input type="checkbox" class="mailpoet_checkbox" name="data[form_field_YzgzZjJlMzZlMGM1X3NlZ21lbnRz][]" value="4" data-parsley-errors-container=".mailpoet_error_1myv9" data-parsley-required="true" data-parsley-group="segments" data-parsley-required-message="Please select a list." /> Daily</label><label class="mailpoet_checkbox_label" ><input type="checkbox" class="mailpoet_checkbox" name="data[form_field_YzgzZjJlMzZlMGM1X3NlZ21lbnRz][]" value="3" checked="checked" data-parsley-errors-container=".mailpoet_error_1myv9" data-parsley-required="true" data-parsley-group="segments" data-parsley-required-message="Please select a list." /> Weekly</label><span class="mailpoet_error_1myv9"></span></fieldset></div> <div class="mailpoet_message"> <p class="mailpoet_validate_success" style="display:none;" >Thanks for subscribing! Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. </p> <p class="mailpoet_validate_error" style="display:none;" > </p> </div> </form> </div> </aside> <aside id="authors-4" class="widget authors_widget"><h3 class="widget-title">Authors</h3><style> .widget.authors_widget .pinned-authors, .widget.authors_widget .all-authors { margin-bottom: 0; } .widget.authors_widget .all-authors { overflow: scroll; max-height: 50vh; } .widget.authors_widget .show-all-authors, .widget.authors_widget .show-pinned-authors { margin-bottom: 1rem; } </style> <ul class="pinned-authors"> <li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adli-w/">Adli Wahid</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/aftab-siddiqui/">Aftab Siddiqui</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/geoff-huston/">Geoff Huston</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ggm/">George Michaelson</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jen-linkova/">Jen Linkova</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/job-snijders/">Job Snijders</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kathleen-moriarty/">Kathleen Moriarty</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/paul-wilson/">Paul Wilson</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ulrich-speidel/">Ulrich Speidel</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vitaly-kamluk/">Vitaly Kamluk</a></li> </ul> <ul class="all-authors" style="display:none;"> <li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/a-khalil-aziz/">A Khalil Azizi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/a-s-m-rizvi/">A S M Rizvi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/abdelrahman-abdou/">AbdelRahman Abdou</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/abhishek-jain/">Abhishek Jain</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/achie-atienza/">Achie Atienza</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adam/">Adam Gosling</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adam-mcfillin/">Adam McFillin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adam-oest/">Adam Oest</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adeel-sadiq/">Adeel Sadiq</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adiel-akplogan/">Adiel Akplogan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adisorn-lertsinsrubtavee/">Adisorn Lertsinsrubtavee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adli-w/">Adli Wahid</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adrian-farrel/">Adrian Farrel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adrianwan/">Adrian Wan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/afifa-abbas/">Afifa Abbas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/afsheen-saadat/">Afsheen Saadat</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/aftab-siddiqui/">Aftab Siddiqui</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/agustin-formoso/">Agust铆n Formoso</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ahmad-darki/">Ahmad Darki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ajay-kumar/">Ajay Kumar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/akimichi-ogawa/">Akimichi Ogawa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adeola-alain-aina/">Alain Aina</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alan-mauldin/">Alan Mauldin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/albert-gran-alcoz/">Albert Gran Alcoz</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alden-hilton/">Alden Hilton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alec-muffett/">Alec Muffett</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alejandro-acosta/">Alejandro Acosta</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alex-band/">Alex Band</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alex-boten/">Alex Boten</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alex-turing/">Alex Turing</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alex-yen/">Alex Yen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alexander-azimov/">Alexander Azimov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alexander-kozlov/">Alexander Kozlov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alfred-arouna/">Alfred Arouna</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ali-abedi/">Ali Abedi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ali-norouzi/">Ali Norouzi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/amanda-h-a-watson/">Amanda H A Watson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/amaury-van-bemten/">Amaury Van Bemten</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/amrita-choudhury/">Amrita Choudhury</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anand-buddhdev/">Anand Buddhdev</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anant-shah/">Anant Shah</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andra-lutu/">Andra Lutu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andregelderblom/">Andre Gelderblom</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andreas-dewes/">Andreas Dewes</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andreas-reuter/">Andreas Reuter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andree-toonk/">Andree Toonk</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrei-robachevsky/">Andrei Robachevsky</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-ayer/">Andrew Ayer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-campling/">Andrew Campling</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-cormack/">Andrew Cormack</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-cushen/">Andrew Cushen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-ferguson/">Andrew Ferguson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-gray/">Andrew Gray</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrewsullivan/">Andrew Sullivan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-toimoana/">Andrew Toimoana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrijana-todosijevic/">Andrijana Todosijevi膰</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andy-mindnich/">Andy Mindnich</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andy-newton/">Andy Newton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anju-mangal/">Anju Mangal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anna-maria-mandalari/">Anna Maria Mandalari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/annaliza-mulingbayan/">Annaliza Mulingbayan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anosh-khan/">Anosh Khan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anriette-esterhuysen/">Anriette Esterhuysen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anthony-lee/">Anthony Lee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anton-strydom/">Anton Strydom</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anup-changaroth/">Anup Changaroth</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anurag-bhatia/">Anurag Bhatia</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/apnic/">APNIC</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/apoorv-shukla/">Apoorv Shukla</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/arash-molavi-kakhki/">Arash Molavi Kakhki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/arian-niaki/">Arian Niaki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/aris-tzermias/">Aris Tzermias</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/arjuna-sathiaseelan/">Arjuna Sathiaseelan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/arth-paulite/">Arth Paulite</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/arthur-gilly/">Arthur Gilly</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/artyom-gavrichenkov/">Artyom Gavrichenkov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/asad-ali/">Asad Ali</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/asanka-sayakkara/">Asanka Sayakkara</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ashil-oogarah/">Ashil Oogarah</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ashwin-kumar/">Ashwin Kumar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ashwin-rangan/">Ashwin Rangan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/athina-fragkouli/">Athina Fragkouli</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/audreyrandall/">Audrey Randall</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/aurelien-aptel/">Aur茅lien Aptel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/austin-hounsel/">Austin Hounsel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/austin-ruckstuhl/">Austin Ruckstuhl</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/avery-pennarun/">Avery Pennarun</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ayesha-iftikhar/">Ayesha Iftikhar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/aysha-labiba/">Aysha Labiba</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ayush-mishra/">Ayush Mishra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/azfar-adib/">Azfar Adib</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/azhar-khuwaja/">Azhar Khuwaja</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/azura-mat-salim/">Azura Mat Salim</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/baojun-liu/">Baojun Liu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/baptiste-jonglez/">Baptiste Jonglez</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/barry-greene/">Barry Greene</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bart-hogeveen/">Bart Hogeveen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/basileal-imana/">Basileal Imana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bastian-kanbach/">Bastian Kanbach</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/batmagnai-erdene/">Batmagnai Erdene</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/beau-gieskens/">Beau Gieskens</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ben-cox/">Ben Cox</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ben-du/">Ben Du</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ben-schwartz/">Ben Schwartz</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bengz-gerard-sevilla/">Benjz Gerard Sevilla</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/benno-overeinder/">Benno Overeinder</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bert-hubert/">Bert Hubert</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bhadrika/">Bhadrika Magan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bhumika-sapkota/">Bhumika Sapkota</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bikram-shrestha/">Bikram Shrestha</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bill-hess/">Bill Hess</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bill-sterns/">Bill Stearns</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bill-woodcock/">Bill Woodcock</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bjorn-ivar-teigen/">Bj酶rn Teigen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/blake-anderson/">Blake Anderson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/blas-trigueros/">Blas Trigueros</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brandon-hitzel/">Brandon Hitzel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brenda-buwu/">Brenda Buwu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brenden-kuerbis/">Brenden Kuerbis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brent-carey/">Brent Carey</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brett-bralley/">Brett Bralley</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brian-carpenter/">Brian Carpenter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brian-nisbet/">Brian Nisbet</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brian-trammell/">Brian Trammell</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brianna-boudreau/">Brianna Boudreau</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bruce-davie/">Bruce Davie</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bruce-spang/">Bruce Spang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/byambajargal-jamsran/">Byambajargal Jamsran</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/byron-ellacott/">Byron Ellacott</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/byungjin-jun/">Byungjin Jun</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cameron-steel/">Cameron Steel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/carsten-strotmann/">Carsten Strotmann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/caspar-schutijser/">Caspar Schutijser</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cecilia-testart/">Cecilia Testart</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cengiz-alaettinoglu/">Cengiz Alaettinoglu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cf-chui/">CF Chui</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/champika-wijayatunga/">Champika Wijayatunga</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/che-hoo-cheng/">Che-Hoo Cheng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cheeyong-tay/">Cheeyong Tay</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cherie-lagakali/">Cherie Lagakali</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jolin-chan/">Chia Ling (Jolin) Chan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chika-yoshimura/">Chika Yoshimura</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ching-heng-ku/">Ching-Heng Ku</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-amin/">Chris Amin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-buckridge/">Chris Buckridge</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-grundemann/">Chris Grundemann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-parker/">Chris Parker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-ritzo/">Chris Ritzo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-siebenmann/">Chris Siebenmann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/christian-giese/">Christian Giese</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/christian-huitema/">Christian Huitema</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/christoph-dietzel/">Christoph Dietzel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chuan-jiang/">Chuan Jiang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ciprian-popoviciu/">Ciprian Popoviciu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/clarence-filsfils/">Clarence Filsfils</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/claudio-jeker/">Claudio Jeker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/clemens-mosig/">Clemens Mosig</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/colin-perkins/">Colin Perkins</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/constance-bommelaer/">Constance Bommelaer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/constantin-sander/">Constantin Sander</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/constanze-dietrich/">Constanze Dietrich</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/craig-miller/">Craig Miller</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/craig-ng/">Craig Ng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/craig-rowland/">Craig Rowland</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dale-roberts/">Dale Roberts</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dan-fidler/">Dan Fidler</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dan-groshev/">Dan Groshev</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dan-li/">Dan Li</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/daniel-dib/">Daniel Dib</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/daniel-kopp/">Daniel Kopp</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/danilo-giordano/">Danilo Giordano</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/danny-alex-lachos-perez/">Danny Alex Lachos Perez</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/danny-pinto/">Danny Pinto</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/daryll-swer/">Daryll Swer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dashzeveg-baatartsogt/">Dashzeveg Baatartsogt</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dave-mill/">Dave Mill</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dave-phelan/">Dave Phelan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-anderson/">David Anderson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-burkett/">David Burkett</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-dawson/">David Dawson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-holder/">David Holder</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-holsgrove/">David Holsgrove</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-huberman/">David Huberman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dean-pemberton/">Dean Pemberton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/debashis-pal/">Debashis Pal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/debopam-bhattacherjee/">Debopam Bhattacherjee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/deepak-vasisht/">Deepak Vasisht</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/denesh-bhabuta/">Denesh Bhabuta</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dennis-baaten/">Dennis Baaten</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/desiree-miloshevic/">D茅sir茅e Miloshevic</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dewangga-alam/">Dewangga Alam</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dewole-ajao/">Dewole Ajao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dhruv-dhody/">Dhruv Dhody</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/di-ma/">Di Ma</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/diego-pino-garcia/">Diego Pino Garc铆a</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/diptanshu-singh/">Diptanshu Singh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dirk-trossen/">Dirk Trossen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dmytro-shypovalov/">Dmytro Shypovalov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/donatas-abraitis/">Donatas Abraitis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/donika-mirdita/">Donika Mirdita</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/doug-madory/">Doug Madory</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/doug-montgomery/">Doug Montgomery</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dr-bahaa-al-musawi/">Dr Bahaa Al-Musawi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/drgovind/">Dr Govind</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/drikus-brits/">Drikus Brits</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/duane-wessels/">Duane Wessels</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/duncan/">Duncan Macintosh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/e-marie-brierley/">E. Marie Brierley</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ebrima-jaw/">Ebrima Jaw</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ed-horley/">Ed Horley</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/edward-lewis/">Edward Lewis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/edwinsandys/">Edwin Sandys</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ege-cem-kirci/">Ege Cem Kirci</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eliot-lear/">Eliot Lear</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/elizabeth-krumbach-joseph/">Elizabeth Krumbach Joseph</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ellisha-heppner/">Ellisha Heppner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/elly-tawhai/">Elly Tawhai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/elvin-prasad/">Elvin Prasad</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/emile-aben/">Emile Aben</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/emily-gallarde/">Emily Gallarde</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/emily-stark/">Emily Stark</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/emirbeganovic/">Emir Beganovi膰</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eneken-tikk/">Eneken Tikk</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/enno-rey/">Enno Rey</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/enric-pujol/">Enric Pujol</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eric-lawrence/">Eric Lawrence</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eric-loos/">Eric Loos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eric-vyncke/">Eric Vyncke</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/erik-hjelmvik/">Erik Hjelmvik</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/erik-rye/">Erik Rye</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/erin-scherer/">Erin Scherer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eshaan-bansal/">Eshaan Bansal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/esteban-carisimo/">Esteban Carisimo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eugene-bogomazov/">Eugene Bogomazov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eunju-pak/">Eunju Pak</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eyal-estrin/">Eyal Estrin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fabian-bustamante/">Fabi谩n Bustamante</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fahad-hilal/">Fahad Hilal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fakrul-alam/">Fakrul Alam</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/farha-diba/">Farha Diba</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fenglu-zhang/">Fenglu Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ferenc-fejes/">Ferenc Fejes</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fernando-gont/">Fernando Gont</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/flavia-salutari/">Flavia Salutari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/flavio-luciani/">Flavio Luciani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/florentin-rochet/">Florentin Rochet</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/florian-holzbauer/">Florian Holzbauer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/florian-streibelt/">Florian Streibelt</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/foy-shiver/">Foy Shiver</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/francesco-ferreri/">Francesco Ferreri</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/francesco-sassi/">Francesco Sassi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/franckmartin/">Franck Martin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/francois-michel/">Fran莽ois Michel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/frane-maroevic/">Frane Maroevic</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/frank-denis/">Frank Denis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/frank-herberg/">Frank Herberg</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/franziska-lichtblau/">Franziska Lichtblau</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fred-christopher/">Fred Christopher</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fred-templin/">Fred Templin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fredrik-lindenberg/">Fredrik Lindeberg</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ganga-r-dhungyel/">Ganga R Dhungyel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gaurab-raj-upadhaya/">Gaurab Raj Upadhaya</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gautam-akiwate/">Gautam Akiwate</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gavin-reid/">Gavin Reid</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gavin-tweedie/">Gavin Tweedie</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/geoff-huston/">Geoff Huston</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/george/">George Kuo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ggm/">George Michaelson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/george-odagi/">George Odagi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/george-sadowsky/">George Sadowsky</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/george-salisbury/">George Salisbury</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/giacomo-giuliari/">Giacomo Giuliari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gianmarco-pagani/">Gianmarco Pagani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gina-mahe/">Gina Mahe</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/giovane-moura/">Giovane Moura</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gonchig-altansukh/">Gonchig Altansukh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gordon-king/">Gordon King</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/greg-ferro/">Greg Ferro</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/greg-hankins/">Greg Hankins</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gregory-mounier/">Gr茅gory Mounier</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/guangliang-pan/">Guangliang Pan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/guillermo-baltra/">Guillermo Baltra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/guoliang-yang/">Guoliang Yang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gazi-zehadul-kabir/">GZ Kabir</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ha-dao/">Ha Dao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dr-haisheng-yu/">Haisheng Yu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/han-zhang/">Han Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hanna-kreitem/">Hanna Kreitem</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hannah-durack/">Hannah Durack</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hanno-bock/">Hanno B枚ck</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/harish-chowdhary/">Harish Chowdhary</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/haya-shulman/">Haya Schulmann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/helen-hollins/">Helen Hollins</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/herbert-wolverson/">Herbert Wolverson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hideyuki-sasaki/">Hideyuki Sasaki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hinne-hettema/">Hinne Hettema</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hiroki-kawabata/">Hiroki Kawabata</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hiroko-kamata/">Hiroko Kamata</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hiromu-shiozawa/">Hiromu Shiozawa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hisham-ibrahim/">Hisham Ibrahim</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nguyen-phong-hoang/">Ho脿ng Nguy锚n Phong</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/houlin-zhao/">Houlin Zhao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hyeonmin-lee/">Hyeonmin Lee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hyojoon-kim/">Hyojoon Kim</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ignacio-castro/">Ignacio Castro</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ihitagangavarpu/">Ihita Gangavarpu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ike-kunze/">Ike Kunze</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ilker-nadi-bozkurt/">Ilker Nadi Bozkurt</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/imtiaz-rahman/">Imtiaz Rahman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/indya/">Indya Bolton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ioana-livadariu/">Ioana Livadariu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/italo-cunha/">Italo Cunha</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ivan-ristic/">Ivan Risti膰</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ivana-tomic/">Ivana Tomic</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ivo-ivanov/">Ivo A. Ivanov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yip-ivy/">Ivy Yip</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/izumi-okutani/">Izumi Okutani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jaclyn-knight/">Jaclyn Knight</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jacob-davis/">Jacob Davis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jakob-ginesin/">Jacob Ginesin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jahangir/">Jahangir Hossain</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jake-bauer/">Jake Bauer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jake-flint/">Jake Flint</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jake-holland/">Jake Holland</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-ah-wai/">James Ah Wai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-bensley/">James Bensley</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-kettle/">James Kettle</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-pavur/">James Pavur</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-richards/">James Richards</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-shank/">James Shank</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jamie-gillespie/">Jamie Gillespie</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jan-harm-kuipers/">Jan Harm Kuipers</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jan-ruth/">Jan R眉th</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jan-schaumann/">Jan Schaumann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jan-zorz/">Jan Zorz</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jan-piet-mens/">Jan-Piet Mens</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jane-yen/">Jane Yen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jari-arkko/">Jari Arkko</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jason-livingood/">Jason Livingood</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jason-smith/">Jason Smith</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jasper-den-hertog/">Jasper den Hertog</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jawad-ahmed/">Jawad Ahmed</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jay-daley/">Jay Daley</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jay-ford/">Jay Ford</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jeff-chan/">Jeff Chan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jeff-fry/">Jeff Fry</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jeff-man/">Jeff Man</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jen-linkova/">Jen Linkova</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jenine-beekhuyzen/">Jenine Beekhuyzen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jeremy-harrison/">Jeremy Harrison</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jerry-lundstrom/">Jerry Lundstr枚m</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jessica-shen/">Jessica Shen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jessica-wei/">Jessica Wei</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jethro-webston/">Jethro Webston</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jia-rong-low/">Jia-Rong Low</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jilong-wang/">Jilong Wang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jim-cowie/">Jim Cowie</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jim-forster/">Jim Forster</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jim-vella/">Jim Vella</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jimmy-lim/">Jimmy Lim</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jing-qiao/">Jing Qiao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jinghua-bai/">Jinghua Bai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joanna-kulesza/">Joanna Kulesza</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joao-sobrinho/">Jo茫o L. Sobrinho</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joao-luis-silva-damas/">Joao Luis Silva Damas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joao-ceron/">Joao M. Ceron</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/job-snijders/">Job Snijders</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joel-jaeggli/">Joel Jaeggli</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/johanna-amann/">Johanna Amann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/johannes-krupp/">Johannes Krupp</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/johannes-weber/">Johannes Weber</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/johannes-zirngibl/">Johannes Zirngibl</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-althouse/">John Althouse</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-bambenek/">John Bambenek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-curran/">John Curran</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-garrity/">John Garrity</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-jack/">John Jack</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-jason-brzozowski/">John Jason Brzozowski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-kristoff/">John Kristoff</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-scudder/">John Scudder</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-welborn/">John Welborn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jonathan-brewer/">Jonathan Brewer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jonathan-magnusson/">Jonathan Magnusson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jordan-carter/">Jordan Carter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jordan-jueckstock/">Jordan Jueckstock</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jordi-paillise/">Jordi Pailliss茅</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jordi-palet-martinez/">Jordi Palet Martinez</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/josef-gustafsson/">Josef Gustafsson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joseph-salowey/">Joseph Salowey</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joy-chan/">Joy Chan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joyceapnic-net/">Joyce Chen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/juan-ramon-santana/">Juan Ram贸n Santana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/juha-saarinen/">Juha Saarinen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/julia-evans/">Julia Evans</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/julian-martin-del-fiore/">Juli谩n Mart铆n Del Fiore</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/julien-gamba/">Julien Gamba</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jun-murai/">Jun Murai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/justin-loye/">Justin Loye</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/justin-wilson/">Justin Wilson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kaajal-kumar/">Kaajal Kumar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kaan-onarlioglu/">Kaan Onarlioglu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kanagaraj-krishna/">Kanagaraj Krishna</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/karan-sharma/">Karan Sharma</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/karel-hynek/">Karel Hynek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/karl-lovink/">Karl Lovink</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/karla-skarda/">Karla Skarda</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kasek-galgal/">Kasek Galgal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kashyap-thimmaraju/">Kashyap Thimmaraju</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/katherine-izhikevich/">Katherine Izhikevich</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kathleen-moriarty/">Kathleen Moriarty</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/katsuyasu-toyama/">Katsuyasu Toyama</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kavya-bhat/">Kavya Bhat</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kazunori-fujiwara/">Kazunori Fujiwara</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ke-ma/">Ke Ma</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/keisuke-kamata/">Keisuke Kamata</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kemal-sanjta/">Kemal Sanjta</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kenjiro-cho/">Kenjiro Cho</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kenny-huang/">Kenny Huang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kenrick-lin/">Kenrick Lin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kensuke-fukuda/">Kensuke Fukuda</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevin-backhouse/">Kevin Backhouse</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevin-bock/">Kevin Bock</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevin-jin/">Kevin Jin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevin-ku/">Kevin Ku</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevin-meynell/">Kevin Meynell</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevin-vermeulen/">Kevin Vermeulen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevon-swift/">Kevon Swift</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/keyu-man/">Keyu Man</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/khee-hong-loke/">Khee Hong Loke</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/khwaja-zubair-sediqi/">Khwaja Zubair Sediqi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kiruthika-devaraj/">Kiruthika Devaraj</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/klee-aiken/">Kl茅e Aiken</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kobayashi-masayuki/">Kobayashi Masayuki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/koen-van-hove/">Koen van Hove</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/koichi-kunitake/">Koichi Kunitake</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/koki-nakagawa/">Koki Nakagawa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/konrad-wolsing/">Konrad Wolsing</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/korian-edeline/">Korian Edeline</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kostas-zorbadelos/">Kostas Zorbadelos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kris-shrishak/">Kris Shrishak</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kurt-lindqvist/">Kurt Lindqvist</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kyle-drake/">Kyle Drake</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kyle-schomp/">Kyle Schomp</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lan-wei/">Lan Wei</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lari-huttunen/">Lari Huttunen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lars-prehn/">Lars Prehn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lars-johan-liman/">Lars-Johan Liman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leandro-bertholdo/">Leandro Bertholdo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leandro-navarro/">Leandro Navarro</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lee-howard/">Lee Howard</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leigh-metcalf/">Leigh Metcalf</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leo-vegoda/">Leo Vegoda</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leonid-todorov/">Leonid Todorov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leslie-daigle/">Leslie Daigle</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lia-hestina/">Lia Hestina</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/liang-wang/">Liang Wang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/liang-zhao/">Liang Zhao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/liangcheng-yu/">Liangcheng Yu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/libin-liu/">Libin Liu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lindsay-graham/">Lindsay Graham</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/davey-song/">Linjian Song</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lisa-corness/">Lisa Corness</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lisandro-ubiedo/">Lisandro Ubiedo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/liz-izhikevich/">Liz Izhikevich</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/loba-olopade/">Loba Olopade</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lorenzo-cogotti/">Lorenzo Cogotti</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/louise-tromp/">Louise Tromp</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/luca-sani/">Luca Sani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lucas-pardue/">Lucas Pardue</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/luuk-hendriks/">Luuk Hendriks</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/m-yasir-m-haq/">M. Yasir M. Haq</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maarten-botterman/">Maarten Botterman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maarten-wullink/">Maarten Wullink</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maciej-korczynski/">Maciej Korczy艅ski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/madeline-carr/">Madeline Carr</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maemura-akinori/">Maemura Akinori</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mai-thu-thuy/">Mai Thu Thuy</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mailelatamai-halatuituia/">Mailelatamai Halatuituia</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/major-hayden/">Major Hayden</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mallory-knodel/">Mallory Knodel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/manaf-gharaibeh/">Manaf Gharaibeh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mannat-kaur/">Mannat Kaur</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mansour-ganji/">Mansour Ganji</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marc-bruyere/">Marc Bruyere</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marcin-nawrocki/">Marcin Nawrocki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marcochiesa/">Marco Chiesa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marco-cilloni/">Marco Cilloni</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marco-hogewoning/">Marco Hogewoning</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marcus-brinkmann/">Marcus Brinkmann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marcus-keane/">Marcus Keane</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marek-majkowski/">Marek Majkowski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maria-namestnikova/">Maria Namestnikova</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maria-theresa-perez/">Maria Theresa Perez</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mariano-scazzariello/">Mariano Scazzariello</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mariko-kobayashi/">Mariko Kobayashi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marilyn-zhang/">Marilyn Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mario-loffredo/">Mario Loffredo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-andrews/">Mark Andrews</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-karpilovskij/">Mark Karpilovskij</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-nottingham/">Mark Nottingham</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-prior/">Mark Prior</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-smith/">Mark Smith</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-tinka/">Mark Tinka</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/markus-dahlmanns/">Markus Dahlmanns</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/markus-legner/">Markus Legner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/markus-sosnowski/">Markus Sosnowski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marten-porte/">Marten Porte</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martin-hannigan/">Martin Hannigan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martin-hoffmann/">Martin Hoffmann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martin-langer/">Martin Langer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martin-thomson/">Martin Thomson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martin-winter/">Martin Winter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martino-trevisan/">Martino Trevisan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mary-rose-ofianga-rontal/">Mary Rose Ofianga-Rontal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/masanori-yajima/">Masanori Yajima</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/masataka-mawatari/">Masataka Mawatari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/massimo-candela/">Massimo Candela</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mat-ford/">Mat Ford</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yoshinobu-matsuzaki/">Matsuzaki Yoshinobu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matt-larson/">Matt Larson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matt-oh/">Matt Oh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matt-palmer/">Matt Palmer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matt-ringel/">Matt Ringel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matt-stith/">Matt Stith</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matthew-thomas/">Matthew Thomas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matthiaswichtlhuber/">Matthias Wichtlhuber</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matthijs-mekking/">Matthijs Mekking</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mattijs-jonker/">Mattijs Jonker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/max-von-hippel/">Max von Hippel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maxime-mouchet/">Maxime Mouchet</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maxime-piraux/">Maxime Piraux</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/md-abdul-awal/">Md Abdul Awal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/megan-baker/">Megan Baker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/melchior-aelmans/">Melchior Aelmans</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/melody-bendindang/">Melody Bendindang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/merike-kaeo/">Merike Kaeo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/metin-acikalin/">Metin A莽谋kal谋n</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-clare/">Michael Clare</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-kende/">Michael Kende</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-patterson/">Michael Patterson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-rabinovich/">Michael Rabinovich</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-schapira/">Michael Schapira</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-schneider/">Michael Schneider</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-waidner/">Michael Waidner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michelle-thorne/">Michelle Thorne</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mika-kerttunen/">Mika Kerttunen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mike-hollyman/">Mike Hollyman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mike-hwang/">Mike Hwang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mike-kosek/">Mike Kosek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/min-sun-jung/">Min Sung Jung</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mingming-zhang/">Mingming Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mingwei-zhang/">Mingwei Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mingxuan-liu/">Mingxuan Liu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/minzhao-lyu/">Minzhao Lyu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/miwa-fujii/">Miwa Fujii</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mohamad-dikshie-fauzie/">Mohamad Dikshie Fauzie</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mohamed-awnallah/">Mohamed Awnallah</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mohamed-boucadair/">Mohamed Boucadair</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mohamed-kassem/">Mohamed Kassem</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mohammad-larosh-khan/">Mohammad Larosh Khan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/molay-gosh/">Molay Ghosh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/momoka-yamamoto/">Momoka Yamamoto</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/moritz-muller/">Moritz M眉ller</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mubashir-sargana/">Mubashir Sargana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/moinur-rahman/">Muhammad Moinur Rahman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/muhammad-yasir-shamim/">Muhammad Yasir Shamim</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mujtaba-hussain/">Mujtaba Hussain</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mukhammad-andri-setiawan/">Mukhammad Andri Setiawan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/munkhbat-gansukh/">Munkhbat Gansukh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/muzamer-mohd-azalan/">Muzamer Mohd Azalan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nachiket-kondhalkar/">Nachiket Kondhalkar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nadir-hassan/">Nadir Hassan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nafeez-islam/">Nafeez Islam</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nalini-elkins/">Nalini Elkins</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/narayan-g/">Narayan G</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/narelle-clark/">Narelle Clark</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/natale-bianchi/">Natale Bianchi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nate-sales/">Nate Sales</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nathalie-romo-moreno/">Nathalie Romo Moreno</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nathalie-nathalie/">Nathalie Trenaman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/neta-rozen-schiff/">Neta Rozen Schiff</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nick-buraglio/">Nick Buraglio</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nickhilliard/">Nick Hilliard</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nick-janetakis/">Nick Janetakis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nico-schottelius/">Nico Schottelius</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nicola-rustignoli/">Nicola Rustignoli</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nicole-wajer/">Nicole Wajer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/niels-provos/">Niels Provos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nihit-tandon/">Nihit Tandon</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/niklas-vogel/">Niklas Vogel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nikolai-hampton/">Nikolai Hampton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nikos-kostopoulos/">Nikos Kostopoulos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nils-wisiol/">Nils Wisiol</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nirav-atre/">Nirav Atre</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nooshin-eghbal/">Nooshin Eghbal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nor-fadzilah-abdullah/">Nor Fadzilah Abdullah</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nowmay-opalinski/">Nowmay Opalinski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roman/">Nurul Islam Roman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nusenu/">Nusenu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nyamkhand-buluukhuu/">Nyamkhand Buluukhuu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oanh-nguyen/">Oanh Nguyen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oky-tria-saputra/">Oky Tria Saputra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/olafur-guomundsson/">脫lafur Gu冒mundsson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/olamide-omolola/">Olamide Omolola</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/">Oliver Gasser</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/olivermichel/">Oliver Michel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/olivier-hureau/">Olivier Hureau</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/olivier-tilmans/">Olivier Tilmans</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/omar-alrawi/">Omar Alrawi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/omar-ansari/">Omar Ansari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ondrej-caletka/">Ond艡ej Caletka</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ondrej-sury/">Ond艡ej Sur媒</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/otto-moerbeek/">Otto Moerbeek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pablo/">Pablo Hinojosa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/paolo-lucente/">Paolo Lucente</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/paresh-khatri/">Paresh Khatri</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/parkpoom-tripatana/">Parkpoom Tripatana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pasanlamahewa/">Pasan Lamahewa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/patrick-mcmanus/">Patrick McManus</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/patrick-sattler/">Patrick Sattler</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/patrik-faltstrom/">Patrik F盲ltstr枚m</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/paul-dale/">Paul Dale</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/paul-grubbs/">Paul Grubbs</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/paul-wilson/">Paul Wilson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pavel-odintsov/">Pavel Odintsov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pawel-foremski/">Pawe艂 Foremski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pawel-urbanek/">Pawe艂 Urbanek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pedro-marcos/">Pedro Marcos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pengxiong-zhu/">Pengxiong Zhu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pete-sclafani/">Pete Sclafani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pete-stevens/">Pete Stevens</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/peter-blee/">Peter Blee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/peter-n-m-hansteen/">Peter Hansteen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/peter-lowe/">Peter Lowe</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/peter-maynard/">Peter Maynard</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/peter-peele/">Peter Peele</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/petr-spacek/">Petr 艩pa膷ek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/petros-gigis/">Petros Gigis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/phil-lavin/">Phil Lavin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/phil-mawson/">Phil Mawson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/philip-homburg/">Philip Homburg</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/philip-paeps/">Philip Paeps</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/philip-smith/">Philip Smith</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/philipp-jeitner/">Philipp Jeitner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/philipp-richter/">Philipp Richter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pier-carlo-chiodi/">Pier Carlo Chiodi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pim-van-pelt/">Pim van Pelt</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/piotr-kijewski/">Piotr Kijewski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/platon-kotzias/">Platon Kotzias</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pouyan-fotouhi-tehrani/">Pouyan Fotouhi Tehrani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pranav-kondala/">Pranav Kondala</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/praneet-kaur/">Praneet Kaur</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pubudu-jayasinghe/">Pubudu Jayasinghe</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/qasim-lone/">Qasim Lone</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/quincy-liao/">Quincy Liao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rachee-singh/">Rachee Singh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rafaelcintra/">Rafael Cintra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/raffaele-sommese/">Raffaele Sommese</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/raffaele-zullo/">Raffaele Zullo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rahul-makhija/">Rahul Makhija</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rajnesh-singh/">Rajnesh Singh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ralph-dolmans/">Ralph Dolmans</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ralph-holz/">Ralph Holz</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ram-sundara-raman/">Ram Sundara Raman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ramakrishna-padmanabhan/">Ramakrishna Padmanabhan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rami-al-dalky/">Rami Al-Dalky</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ramin-yazdani/">Ramin Yazdani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ran-ben-basat/">Ran Ben Basat</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ranysha-ware/">Ranysha Ware</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/raphael-hiesgen/">Raphael Hiesgen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/raquel-rugani-lage/">Raquel Rugani Lage</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/raskia-nayanajith/">Raskia Nayanajith</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ray-bellis/">Ray Bellis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rebekah-houser/">Rebekah Houser</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/remi-gacogne/">Remi Gacogne</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rene-bakker/">Rene Bakker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rene-wilhelm/">Ren茅 Wilhelm</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/renee-burton/">Ren茅e Burton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/richard-cziva/">Richard Cziva</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/richard-jimmerson/">Richard Jimmerson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/richard-nelson/">Richard Nelson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/richard-patterson/">Richard Patterson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/richard-read/">Richard Read</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rick-mcelroy/">Rick McElroy</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rishabh-chhabra/">Rishabh Chhabra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rob-schult/">Rob Schult</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/robbie-mitchell/">Robbie Mitchell</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/robert-alexander/">Robert Alexander</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/robert-kisteleki/">Robert Kisteleki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/robin-marx/">Robin Marx</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roderick-fanou/">Roderick Fanou</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roger-meyer/">Roger Meyer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rohana-palliyaguru/">Rohana Palliyaguru</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roland-meier/">Roland Meier</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roland-van-rijswijk-deij/">Roland van Rijswijk-Deij</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rolf-winters/">Rolf Winter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/romain-fontugne/">Romain Fontugne</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ron-bonica/">Ron Bonica</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ron-winward/">Ron Winward</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ronald-van-kleunen/">Ronald van Kleunen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rowena-schoo/">Rowena Schoo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roy-arends/">Roy Arends</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rudiger-birkner/">R眉diger Birkner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/russ-white/">Russ White</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ryan-beckett/">Ryan Beckett</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ryan-gerstenkorn/">Ryan Gerstenkorn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ryo-nakamura/">Ryo Nakamura</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sachin-ashok/">Sachin Ashok</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/safiqul-islam/">Safiqul Islam</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jawad-saidi/">Said Jawad Saidi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/said-zazai/">Said Zazai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/salvatore-cuzzilla/">Salvatore Cuzzilla</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sam-sham/">Sam Sham</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/samaneh-tajalizadehkhoob/">Samaneh Tajalizadehkhoob</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/samantha-douglas/">Samantha Douglas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/samit-jana/">Samit Jana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/samuel-steffen/">Samuel Steffen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sandra-davey/">Sandra Davey</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sandrasiby/">Sandra Siby</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sangeetha-abdu-jyothi/">Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sanjaya/">Sanjaya</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sara-dickinson/">Sara Dickinson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sarah-escandor-tomas/">Sarah Escandor-Tomas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sarmad-hussain/">Sarmad Hussain</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sarveshmathi/">Sarvesh Mathi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sasha-romijn/">Sasha Romijn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/satadal-sengupta/">Satadal Sengupta</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/satoru-matsushima/">Satoru Matsushima</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/satoru-tsurumaki/">Satoru Tsurumaki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sayda-kamrun-jahan-ripa/">Sayda Kamrun Jahan Ripa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/scott-hollenbeck/">Scott Hollenbeck</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/scott-shenker/">Scott Shenker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sebastian-castro/">Sebastian Castro</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sebastian-neef/">Sebastian Neef</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sebastian-zander/">Sebastian Zander</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sebastien-meriot/">Sebastien Meriot</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/seiichi-kawamura/">Seiichi Kawamura</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/seluvaia-kauvaka/">Seluvaia Kauvaka</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/seth-schoen/">Seth Schoen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shah/">Shah Sahari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shahee-mirza/">Shahee Mirza</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shahzeb-mustafa/">Shahzeb Mustafa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shamim-reza/">Shamim Reza</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shamsullah-shams/">Shamsullah Shams</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shane-alcock/">Shane Alcock</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shane-kerr/">Shane Kerr</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sharada-yeluri/">Sharada Yeluri</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sharat-chandra-madanapalli/">Sharat Chandra Madanapalli</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sheetal-kumar/">Sheetal Kumar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sheikh-md-seum/">Sheikh Md Seum</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shermaine-yung/">Shermaine Yung</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sherry-shek/">Sherry Shek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shane/">Sheryl Hermoso</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shian-shyong-tseng/">Shian-Shyong Tseng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shinoj-pittandavida/">Shinoj Pittandavida</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shishio-tsuchiya/">Shishio Tsuchiya</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shivan-sahib/">Shivan Sahib</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shoko-nakai/">Shoko Nakai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shuai-hao/">Shuai Hao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shucheng-liu/">Shucheng Liu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shumon-huque/">Shumon Huque</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shusei-tomonaga/">Shusei Tomonaga</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shyam-krishna-khadka/">Shyam Krishna Khadka</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/siena/">Siena Perry</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/simon/">Simon Baroi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/simon-bauer/">Simon Bauer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/simran-patil/">Simran Patil</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/siva-kesava/">Siva Kesava</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sivaram-ramanathan/">Sivaram Ramanathan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sofia-silva-berenguer/">Sofia Silva Berenguer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sonam-keba/">Sonam Keba</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/song-bing/">Song Bing</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/spiros-thanasoulas/">Spiros Thanasoulas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/srikanth-sundaresan/">Srikanth Sundaresan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/srimal-andrahennadi/">Srimal Andrahennadi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stanley-osao/">Stanley Osao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stefan-mehner/">Stefan Mehner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stefan-ubbink/">Stefan Ubbink</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/steinthorbjarnason/">Steinthor Bjarnason</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stephan-marwedel/">Stephan Marwedel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stephane-bortzmeyer/">St茅phane Bortzmeyer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stephen-mcquistin/">Stephen McQuistin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stephen-m-ryan/">Stephen Ryan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stephen-strowes/">Stephen Strowes</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/steve-crocker/">Steve Crocker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/steve-santorelli/">Steve Santorelli</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stijn-pletinck/">Stijn Pletinckx</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/subhashini-kadurugasyaya/">Subhashini Kadurugasyaya</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sue-graves/">Sue Graves</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/suetena-faatuuala-loia/">Suetena Faatuuala Loia</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/suksit-sripitchayaphan/">Suksit Sripitchayaphan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sunny-chendi/">Sunny Chendi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/susan-forney/">Susan Forney</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/svaradiva-devi/">Svaradiva Devi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/swapneel-patnekar/">Swapneel Patnekar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/swaran-ravindra/">Swaran Ravindra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sylvain-cortes/">Sylvain Cortes</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sylvia/">Sylvia Cadena</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/szymon-trocha/">Szymon Trocha</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/taejoong-chung/">Taejoong Chung</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/taiji-kimura/">Taiji Kimura</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/talha-paracha/">Talha Paracha</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tan-kean-siong/">Tan Kean Siong</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tan-tin-wee/">Tan Tin Wee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tanya-shreedhar/">Tanya Shreedhar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tashi-phuntsho/">Tashi Phuntsho</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/teav-sovandara/">Teav Sovandara</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/temitope-lawal/">Temitope Lawal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/terry-sweetser/">Terry Sweetser</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/teun-vink/">Teun Vink</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thein-myint-khine/">Thein Myint Khine</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/theo-jepsen/">Theo Jepsen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/theophilus-a-benson/">Theophilus A. Benson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thijs-van-den-hout/">Thijs van den Hout</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-holterbach/">Thomas Holterbach</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-king/">Thomas King</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-koch/">Thomas Koch</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-krenc/">Thomas Krenc</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-millar/">Thomas Millar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-patzke/">Thomas Patzke</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-scheffler/">Thomas Scheffler</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-wirtgen/">Thomas Wirtgen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thy-boskovic/">Thy Boskovic</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thymen-wabeke/">Thymen Wabeke</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tianxiang-dai/">Tianxiang Dai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tim-bruijnzeels/">Tim Bruijnzeels</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tim-chown/">Tim Chown</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tim-fiola/">Tim Fiola</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tim-raphael/">Tim Raphael</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/timm-bottger/">Timm B枚ttger</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/timo-longin/">Timo Longin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/timothy-winters/">Timothy Winters</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tiong-beng-ng/">Tiong Beng Ng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tobias-fiebig/">Tobias Fiebig</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/todd-arnold/">Todd Arnold</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tom-barbette/">Tom Barbette</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tom-carpay/">Tom Carpay</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tom-coffeen/">Tom Coffeen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tom-do/">Tom Do</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tomh/">Tom Harrison</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tom-hollingsworth/">Tom Hollingsworth</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tomas-krizek/">Tom K艡铆啪ek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tom-perrine/">Tom Perrine</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tomek-mrugalski/">Tomek Mrugalski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tommaso-caiazzi/">Tommaso Caiazzi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tomoaki-tani/">Tomoaki Tani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tony-finch/">Tony Finch</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tony-li/">Tony Li</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tony-scheid/">Tony Scheid</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tony/">Tony Smith</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tony-tauber/">Tony Tauber</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/torsten-zimmermann/">Torsten Zimmermann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/trinh-viet-doan/">Trinh Viet Doan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/truong-khanh-huyen/">Truong Khanh Huyen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tuan-nguyen/">Tuan Nguyen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tugsorshikhbadarch/">Tugsorshikh Badarch</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tushar-swamy/">Tushar Swamy</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ulafala-suasua-viliamu/">Ulafala Viliamu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ulrich-hauser/">Ulrich Hauser</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ulrich-speidel/">Ulrich Speidel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/usama-naseer/">Usama Naseer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/uta-meier-hahn/">Uta Meier-Hahn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vanessa-maria-fernandes/">Vanessa Maria Fernandes</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vashkar-bhattacharjee/">Vashkar Bhattacharjee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vasileios-giotsas/">Vasileios Giotsas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vasileios-kotronis/">Vasileios Kotronis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vasilis-chryssos/">Vasilis Chryssos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/venkat-arun/">Venkat Arun</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/veronika-mckillop/">Veronika McKillop</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vesna-manojlovic/">Vesna Manojlovic</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vicky-risk/">Vicky Risk</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vijaysivaraman/">Vijay Sivaraman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vijay-varadharajan/">Vijay Varadharajan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/viktor-dukhovni/">Viktor Dukhovni</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vincentbernat/">Vincent Bernat</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vitaly-kamluk/">Vitaly Kamluk</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vittorio-bertola/">Vittorio Bertola</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vivek-nigam/">Vivek Nigam</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vivien-maidaborn/">Vivien Maidaborn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/w-k-shiu/">W K Shiu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/wanqing-tu/">Wanqing Tu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/warrenfinch/">Warren Finch</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/warren-kumari/">Warren Kumari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/wassie-goushe/">Wassie Goushe</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/wayne-thayer/">Wayne Thayer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/wen-tsung-chang/">Wen-Tsung Chang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/werachart-muttitanon/">Werachart Muttitanon</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/wes-hardaker/">Wes Hardaker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/wilaiwan-phanarin/">Wilaiwan Phanarin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/wilhelm-boeddinghaus/">Wilhelm Boeddinghaus</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/willem-toorop/">Willem Toorop</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/w/">William Lu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/willy-sutrisno/">Willy Sutrisno</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/winfried-tilanus/">Winfried Tilanus</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/wita-laksono/">Wita Laksono</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/wout-de-natris/">Wout de Natris</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/wouter-de-vries/">Wouter de Vries</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/xiang-li/">Xiang Li</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/xiao-zhang/">Xiao Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/xiaohong-deng/">Xiaohong Deng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/xiaoqi-chen/">Xiaoqi Chen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/xing-li/">Xing Li</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/xinlei-yang/">Xinlei Yang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/xuewei-feng/">Xuewei Feng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yali-liu/">Yali Liu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yeo-lee-chin/">Yeo Lee Chin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yevheniya-nosyk/">Yevheniya Nosyk</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yi-cao/">Yi Cao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yiming-zhang/">Yiming Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ying-tian/">Ying Tian</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ying-chu-chen/">Ying-Chu Chen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yoshibumi-suematsu/">Yoshibumi Suematsu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yoshinori-takesako/">Yoshinori Takesako</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yoshitaka-aharen/">Yoshitaka Aharen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/younghwan-choi/">Younghwan Choi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yuedong-zhang/">Yuedong Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yunfei-ma/">Yunfei Ma</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yurie-ito/">Yurie Ito</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yury-zhauniarovich/">Yury Zhauniarovich</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yuta-takata/">Yuta Takata</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yuxiang-yang/">Yuxiang Yang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/zacharybischof/">Zachary Bischof</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/zaid-ali-kahn/">Zaid Ali Kahn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/zaifeng-zhang/">Zaifeng Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/zain-shamsi/">Zain Shamsi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/zen-ng/">Zen Ng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/zhenyu-li/">Zhenyu Li</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/zhiyi-chen/">Zhiyi Chen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/zili-meng/">Zili Meng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/zinan-lin/">Zinan Lin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/zolzaya-shagdar/">Zolzaya Shagdar</a></li> </ul> <button class="show-all-authors btn btn-primary btn-block mt-0">Show All (931)</button> <button class="show-pinned-authors btn btn-primary btn-block mt-0" style="display:none;">Show Pinned (10)</button></aside> <script> const $showAllAuthors = document.querySelector(".show-all-authors"); const $showPinnedAuthors = document.querySelector(".show-pinned-authors"); const $pinnedAuthors = document.querySelector(".pinned-authors"); const $allAuthors = document.querySelector(".all-authors"); if ($showAllAuthors && $pinnedAuthors && $allAuthors) { $showAllAuthors.addEventListener("click", function () { $pinnedAuthors.style.display = "none"; $showPinnedAuthors.style.display = "block"; $allAuthors.style.display = "block"; $showAllAuthors.style.display = "none"; }) } if ($showPinnedAuthors && $pinnedAuthors && $allAuthors) { $showPinnedAuthors.addEventListener("click", function () { $pinnedAuthors.style.display = "block"; $showPinnedAuthors.style.display = "none"; $allAuthors.style.display = "none"; $showAllAuthors.style.display = "block"; }) } </script> <aside id="tag_cloud-2" class="widget widget_tag_cloud"><h3 class="widget-title">Tags</h3><div class="tagcloud"><ul class='wp-tag-cloud' role='list'> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/apnic-foundation/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-574 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 11.065693430657pt;" aria-label="APNIC Foundation (123 items)">APNIC Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/training/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-25 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 14.43795620438pt;" aria-label="APNIC Training (261 items)">APNIC Training</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/asns/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-113 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="ASNs (61 items)">ASNs</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/australia/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-230 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 8.6131386861314pt;" aria-label="Australia (70 items)">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/bgp/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-58 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 13.620437956204pt;" aria-label="BGP (220 items)">BGP</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/capacity-development/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-42 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 11.78102189781pt;" aria-label="capacity development (144 items)">capacity development</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/cert/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-114 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 9.4306569343066pt;" aria-label="CERTs (84 items)">CERTs</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/dns/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-45 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 16.686131386861pt;" aria-label="DNS (435 items)">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/dnssec/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-56 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 13.007299270073pt;" aria-label="DNSSEC (189 items)">DNSSEC</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/event-wrap/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-14 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 18.832116788321pt;" aria-label="Event Wrap (704 items)">Event Wrap</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/guest-post/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-129 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="Guest Post (1,436 items)">Guest Post</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/how-to/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-547 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 10.963503649635pt;" aria-label="How to (118 items)">How to</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/iana/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-30 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 8.9197080291971pt;" aria-label="IANA (74 items)">IANA</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/icann/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-29 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 10.452554744526pt;" aria-label="ICANN (107 items)">ICANN</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/ietf/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-68 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 13.109489051095pt;" aria-label="IETF (194 items)">IETF</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/igf/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-72 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 8.2043795620438pt;" aria-label="IGF (64 items)">IGF</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/india/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-237 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 8.1021897810219pt;" aria-label="India (62 items)">India</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/indonesia/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-20 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Indonesia (61 items)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/internet-governance/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-254 tag-link-position-19" style="font-size: 13.109489051095pt;" aria-label="Internet Governance (194 items)">Internet Governance</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/ipv4/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-36 tag-link-position-20" style="font-size: 13.211678832117pt;" aria-label="IPv4 (198 items)">IPv4</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/ipv6/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-11 tag-link-position-21" style="font-size: 18.21897810219pt;" aria-label="IPv6 (622 items)">IPv6</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/isif-asia/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-47 tag-link-position-22" style="font-size: 10.554744525547pt;" aria-label="ISIF Asia (108 items)">ISIF Asia</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/itu/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-22 tag-link-position-23" style="font-size: 8.5109489051095pt;" aria-label="ITU (68 items)">ITU</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/ixp/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-128 tag-link-position-24" style="font-size: 10.656934306569pt;" aria-label="IXPs (111 items)">IXPs</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/japan/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-23 tag-link-position-25" style="font-size: 8.5109489051095pt;" aria-label="Japan (68 items)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/measurement/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-348 tag-link-position-26" style="font-size: 17.094890510949pt;" aria-label="measurement (483 items)">measurement</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/networking/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-137 tag-link-position-27" style="font-size: 11.883211678832pt;" aria-label="networking (146 items)">networking</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/nog/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-21 tag-link-position-28" style="font-size: 14.846715328467pt;" aria-label="NOGs (289 items)">NOGs</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/nro/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-62 tag-link-position-29" style="font-size: 8.6131386861314pt;" aria-label="NRO (69 items)">NRO</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/opinion/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-488 tag-link-position-30" style="font-size: 9.3284671532847pt;" aria-label="opinion (83 items)">opinion</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/pacific/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-346 tag-link-position-31" style="font-size: 12.29197080292pt;" aria-label="Pacific (161 items)">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/peering/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-127 tag-link-position-32" style="font-size: 9.021897810219pt;" aria-label="peering (77 items)">peering</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/podcast/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-480 tag-link-position-33" style="font-size: 9.2262773722628pt;" aria-label="podcast (81 items)">podcast</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/ripe-ncc/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-221 tag-link-position-34" style="font-size: 8.7153284671533pt;" aria-label="RIPE NCC (71 items)">RIPE NCC</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/rirs/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-102 tag-link-position-35" style="font-size: 11.985401459854pt;" aria-label="RIRs (150 items)">RIRs</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/roas/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-287 tag-link-position-36" style="font-size: 8.4087591240876pt;" aria-label="ROAs (67 items)">ROAs</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/routing/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-31 tag-link-position-37" style="font-size: 13.416058394161pt;" aria-label="routing (207 items)">routing</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/rpki/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-59 tag-link-position-38" style="font-size: 13.313868613139pt;" aria-label="RPKI (202 items)">RPKI</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/security/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-26 tag-link-position-39" style="font-size: 19.547445255474pt;" aria-label="security (822 items)">security</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/tcp/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-192 tag-link-position-40" style="font-size: 8.8175182481752pt;" aria-label="TCP (73 items)">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/thailand/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-24 tag-link-position-41" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Thailand (60 items)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/three-of-the-best/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-298 tag-link-position-42" style="font-size: 9.021897810219pt;" aria-label="Three of the best (77 items)">Three of the best</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/tls/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-690 tag-link-position-43" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="TLS (61 items)">TLS</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/tools/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-267 tag-link-position-44" style="font-size: 8.6131386861314pt;" aria-label="tools (70 items)">tools</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/whois/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-104 tag-link-position-45" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Whois (61 items)">Whois</a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </section> <script> /* Toggle on options for mailing list */ (function() { try { $("#secondary > .widget > h3").wrapInner("<span></span>"); var $options = $(".get-updates-options"); $options.hide(); var $button = $(".widget_wysija input.wysija-submit:first"); $("<span id=\"get-updates-options-control\">Show options</span>").insertBefore($button); var $control = window.$get_updates_control = $("#get-updates-options-control"); $control.click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var $options = $(".get-updates-options"); if ($options.is(":visible")) { $options.hide(); window.$get_updates_control.text("Show options"); } else { $options.show(); window.$get_updates_control.text("Hide options"); } }); } catch (e) { console.log("Problem adding show/hide options to get updates widget:"); console.log(e.message); } })(); /* Toggle on widget for tag cloud */ try { var $tag_cloud_widget = window.$tag_cloud_widget = $(".widget_tag_cloud"); if ($tag_cloud_widget.length > 0) { $tag_cloud_widget.addClass("widget_tag_cloud_dynamic widget_tag_cloud_hidden"); $("div", $tag_cloud_widget).hide(); $("h3", $tag_cloud_widget).click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var $items = $("div", $tag_cloud_widget); if ($items.first().is(":visible")) { $items.hide(); $tag_cloud_widget.addClass("widget_tag_cloud_hidden").removeClass("widget_tag_cloud_visible"); } else { $items.show(); $tag_cloud_widget.removeClass("widget_tag_cloud_hidden").addClass("widget_tag_cloud_visible"); } }); } } catch (e) { console.log("Problem extending tag cloud widget toggle:"); console.log(e.message); } /* Toggle on widget for archives */ try { var $archive_widget = window.$archive_widget = $(".widget_archive"); if ($archive_widget.length > 0) { $archive_widget.addClass("widget_archive_dynamic widget_archive_hidden"); $("ul", $archive_widget).hide(); $("h3", $archive_widget).click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var $items = $("ul", $archive_widget); if ($items.first().is(":visible")) { $items.hide(); $archive_widget.addClass("widget_archive_hidden").removeClass("widget_archive_visible"); } else { $items.show(); $archive_widget.removeClass("widget_archive_hidden").addClass("widget_archive_visible"); } }); } } catch (e) { console.log("Problem extending archive widget toggle:"); console.log(e.message); } /* Toggle on widget for categories */ try { var $categories_widget = window.$categories_widget = $(".widget_categories"); if ($categories_widget.length > 0) { $categories_widget.addClass("widget_categories_dynamic widget_categories_visible"); $categories_widget.attr("aria-expanded", "true"); //$('ul',$categories_widget).hide(); $("h3", $categories_widget).click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var $items = $("ul", $categories_widget); if ($items.first().is(":visible")) { $items.hide(); $categories_widget.addClass("widget_categories_hidden").removeClass("widget_categories_visible"); $categories_widget.attr("aria-expanded", "false"); } else { $items.show(); $categories_widget.addClass("widget_categories_visible").removeClass("widget_categories_hidden"); $categories_widget.attr("aria-expanded", "true"); } }); } } catch (e) { console.log("Problem extending categories widget toggle:"); console.log(e.message); } </script> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-2"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/" aria-label="APNIC Home"> <div class="footer-logo"> <span class="sr-only">APNIC Home</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-lg-10"> <div class="footer-social"> Connect with us <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/APNIC" class="fab fa-facebook"><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://twitter.com/apnic" class="fab fa-twitter"><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/apnicmultimedia" class="fab fa-youtube"><span class="sr-only">YouTube</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/apnic/" class="fab fa-flickr"><span class="sr-only">Flickr</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://weibo.com/APNICrir" class="fab fa-weibo"><span class="sr-only">Weibo</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/apnic" class="fab fa-slideshare"><span class="sr-only">Slideshare</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/apnic" class="fab fa-linkedin-in"><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/feed/" class="fas fa-rss"><span class="sr-only">RSS</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-aside"> <small class="footer-aside-copyright"> <span>漏 <span class="footer-aside-copyright-year">2024</span> APNIC</span> <span class="footer-aside-copyright-abn">ABN 42 081 528 010</span> </small> <ul class="footer-aside-links"> <li> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/corporate-documents/documents/corporate/privacy/">Privacy</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/contact-apnic/">Contact</a> </li><li> <a href="https://help.apnic.net/">Help Centre</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.nro.net/category/news">NRO News</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/service-updates/">Service Status</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/employment/">Careers</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/send-us-feedback">Feedback</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace("no-js", "js"); </script> <style type="text/css"></style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_public-css' href='https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/plugins/mailpoet/assets/dist/css/mailpoet-public.438bfe36.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_0-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Abril+FatFace%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAmatic+SC%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAnonymous+Pro%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchitects+Daughter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo+Narrow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAsap%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBarlow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBioRhyme%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBonbon%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCabin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCairo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCardo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CChivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CConcert+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCormorant%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCrimson+Text%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CEczar%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CExo+2%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFira+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFjalla+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFrank+Ruhl+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CGreat+Vibes%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Heebo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIBM+Plex%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInconsolata%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIndie+Flower%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInknut+Antiqua%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CKarla%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Baskerville%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Franklin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CMontserrat%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNeuton%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNotable%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNothing+You+Could+Do%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNoto+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNunito%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COld+Standard+TT%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COxygen%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPacifico%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPoppins%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CProza+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Serif%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRakkas%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CReenie+Beanie%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRoboto+Slab%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ropa+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRubik%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CShadows+Into+Light%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpace+Mono%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpectral%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSue+Ellen+Francisco%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CTitillium+Web%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CUbuntu%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVarela%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVollkorn%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CWork+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CYatra+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202448.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"73396298\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"10\",\"srv\":\"blog.apnic.net\",\"j\":\"1:13.9.1\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "73396298", "0" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mailpoet_public-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var MailPoetForm = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/blog.apnic.net\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","is_rtl":"","ajax_common_error_message":"An error has happened while performing a request, please try again later."}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/plugins/mailpoet/assets/dist/js/public.js?ver=5.3.1" id="mailpoet_public-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> </body> </html>