{"title":"A Car Parking Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Jung-Ho Moon, Tae Kwon Ha","volume":82,"journal":"International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","pagesStart":1317,"pagesEnd":1321,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/17079","abstract":"<p><strong>This paper presents a car parking monitoring system using wireless sensor networks. Multiple sensor nodes and a sink node, a gateway, and a server constitute a wireless network for monitoring a parking lot. Each of the sensor nodes is equipped with a 3-axis AMR sensor and deployed in the center of a parking space. Each sensor node reads its sensor values periodically and transmits the data to the sink node if the current and immediate past sensor values show a difference exceeding a threshold value. The sensor nodes and sink node use the 448 MHz band for wireless communication. Since RF transmission only occurs when sensor values show abrupt changes, the number of RF transmission operations is reduced and battery power can be conserved. The data from the sensor nodes reach the server via the sink node and gateway. The server determines which parking spaces are taken by cars based upon the received sensor data and reference values. The reference values are average sensor values measured by each sensor node when the corresponding parking spot is not occupied by a vehicle. Because the decision making is done by the server, the computational burden of the sensor node is relieved, which helps reduce the duty cycle of the sensor node.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n","references":"<p>[1] M. Chen and T. Chang, “A Parking Guidance and Information System based on Wireless Sensor Network,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Information and Automation, Shenzhen, China, 2011, pp. 601–605.\r\n[2] S. Lee, D. Yoon, and A. Ghosh, “Intelligent Parking Lot Application Using Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proc. CTS 2008 Int. Symp. Collaborative Technologies and Systems, Irvine, USA, 2008, pp. 48–57.\r\n[3] V. W. S. Tang. Y. Zheng, and J. Cao, “An Intelligent Car Park Management System based on Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proc. 2006 1st Int. Symp. Pervasive Computing and Applications, Urumchi, China, 2006, pp. 65–70.\r\n[4] Z. Zhang, X. Li, H. Yuan, and F. Yu, “A Street Parking System Using Wireless Sensor Networks,” Int. J. Distributed Sensor Networks. vol. 2013, pp. 1–10, 2013.\r\n[5] J. P. Benson, T. O'Donovan, P. O'Sullivan, U. Roedig, and C. Sreenan, “Car-Park Management using Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proc. 2006 31st IEEE. Conf. Local Computer Networks, Tampa, USA, 2006, pp. 588–595.\r\n[6] J. Barton, J. Buckley, B. O'Flynn, S. C. O'Mathuna, J. P. Benson, T. O'Nonovan, U. Roedig, and C. Sreenan, “The D-Systems Project – Wireless Sensor Networks for Car-Park Management,” in Proc. IEEE. 65th Vehicular Technology Conf., Dublin, Ireland, 2007, pp. 170–173.\r\n[7] S.-E. Yoo, P. K. Chong, T. Kim, J. Kang, D. Kim, C. Shin, K. Sung, and B. Jang, “PGS: Parking Guidance System based on Wireless Sensor Network,” in Proc. ISWPC 2008 Int. Symp. Wireless Pervasive Computing, Santorini, Greece, 2008, pp. 218–222.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p> <\/p>\r\n","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 82, 2013"}

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