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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Magnetism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnetism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mine_tailings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mine_tailings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mine tailings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mine_tailings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewelry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewelry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Jewelry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewelry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pigment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pigment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pigment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pigment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_purposes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_purposes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Industrial purposes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_purposes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematiet" title="Hematiet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hematiet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="هيماتيت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيماتيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematites" title="Hematites – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hematites" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Гематыт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гематыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Гематыт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гематыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Хематит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хематит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematites" title="Hematites – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hematites" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A6matit" title="Hæmatit – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hæmatit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4matit" title="Hämatit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hämatit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematiit" title="Hematiit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hematiit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Αιματίτης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αιματίτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematita" title="Hematita – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hematita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematito" title="Hematito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hematito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hematite" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="هماتیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هماتیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9matite" title="Hématite – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hématite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemait%C3%ADt" title="Haemaitít – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Haemaitít" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematita" title="Hematita – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hematita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%B2%A0%EC%84%9D" title="적철석 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="적철석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BF" title="Հեմատիտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեմատիտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="हेमाटाइट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हेमाटाइट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematito" title="Hematito – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hematito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badar_besi" title="Badar besi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badar besi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemat%C3%ADt" title="Hematít – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hematít" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ematite" title="Ematite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ematite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%98" title="המטיט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המטיט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჰემატიტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰემატიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гематит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гематит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гематит – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гематит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemat%C4%ABts" title="Hematīts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hematīts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematitas" title="Hematitas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hematitas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematiet" title="Hematiet – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hematiet" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Хематит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хематит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹേമറ്റൈറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹേമറ്റൈറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematiet" title="Hematiet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hematiet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%89%84%E9%89%B1" title="赤鉄鉱 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="赤鉄鉱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematitt" title="Hematitt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hematitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematitt" title="Hematitt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hematitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ematita" title="Ematita – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ematita" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gematit" title="Gematit – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gematit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4matit" title="Hämatit – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hämatit" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematyt" title="Hematyt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hematyt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematita" title="Hematita – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hematita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гематит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гематит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гематит – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гематит" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Hematite" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematite" title="Haematite – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Haematite" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hematite" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Хематит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хематит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematiitti" title="Hematiitti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hematiitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematita" title="Hematita – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hematita" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C9%9Bl" title="Alɛl – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Alɛl" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Ҳемотит – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳемотит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гематит – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гематит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hematit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%93%81%E7%9F%BF" title="赤铁矿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="赤铁矿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mineral. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hematite_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hematite (disambiguation)">Hematite (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Hematite</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WLA_hmns_Hematite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/WLA_hmns_Hematite.jpg/260px-WLA_hmns_Hematite.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/WLA_hmns_Hematite.jpg/390px-WLA_hmns_Hematite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/WLA_hmns_Hematite.jpg/520px-WLA_hmns_Hematite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="678" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Trigonal_crystal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigonal crystal system">trigonal</a> hematite crystal</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oxide_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxide minerals">Oxide minerals</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(repeating unit)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_oxide" title="Iron(III) oxide">iron(III) oxide</a>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mineral_symbols" title="List of mineral symbols">IMA symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hem<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93Strunz_classification" title="Nickel–Strunz classification">Strunz classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.CB.05</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dana_Classification_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Classification System">Dana classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.3.1.2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_system" title="Crystal system">Crystal system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trigonal_crystal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigonal crystal system">Trigonal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystal class">Crystal class</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hexagonal scalenohedral (<span style="text-decoration:overline;">3</span>m) <br /><a href="/wiki/H%E2%80%93M_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="H–M symbol">H–M symbol</a>: (<span style="text-decoration:overline;">3</span> 2/m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Space_group" title="Space group">Space group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>R<span style="text-decoration:overline;">3</span>c</i> (no. 167)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure#Unit_cell" title="Crystal structure">Unit cell</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>a</i> = 5.038(2) Å; <br /><i>c</i> = 13.772(12) Å; Z = 6</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Identification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data">Metallic grey, dull to bright "rust-red" in earthy, compact, fine-grained material, steel-grey to black in crystals and massively crystalline ores</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_habit" title="Crystal habit">Crystal habit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tabular to thick crystals; micaceous or platy, commonly in rosettes; radiating fibrous, reniform, botryoidal or stalactitic masses, columnar; earthy, granular, oolitic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_twinning" title="Crystal twinning">Twinning</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Penetration and lamellar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">Cleavage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None, may show partings on {0001} and {10<span style="text-decoration:overline;">1</span>1}</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fracture_(mineralogy)" title="Fracture (mineralogy)">Fracture</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Uneven to subconchoidal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tenacity_(mineralogy)" title="Tenacity (mineralogy)">Tenacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Brittle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs scale</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">hardness</span></th><td class="infobox-data">5.5–6.5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">Luster</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Metallic to splendent</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">Streak</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bright red to dark red</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">Diaphaneity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Opaque</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">Specific gravity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5.26</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5.26 - 5.3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Optical properties</th><td class="infobox-data">Uniaxial (−)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>n</i><sub>ω</sub> = 3.150–3.220, <i>n</i><sub>ε</sub> = 2.870–2.940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Birefringence" title="Birefringence">Birefringence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>δ</i> = 0.280</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pleochroism" title="Pleochroism">Pleochroism</a></th><td class="infobox-data">O: brownish red; E: yellowish red</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-HBM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hematite</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>-/</a></span></span>), <a href="/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#ae_and_oe" title="American and British English spelling differences">also spelled as</a> <b>haematite</b>, is a common <a href="/wiki/Iron_oxide" title="Iron oxide">iron oxide</a> compound with the formula, <a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_oxide" title="Iron(III) oxide">Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> and is widely found in <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TheIronOxides_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheIronOxides-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hematite crystals belong to the <a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_crystal_family" title="Hexagonal crystal family">rhombohedral lattice system</a> which is designated the <a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_oxide#Alpha_phase" title="Iron(III) oxide">alpha polymorph</a> of <span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>. It has the same <a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">crystal structure</a> as <a href="/wiki/Corundum" title="Corundum">corundum</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">Al<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Ilmenite" title="Ilmenite">ilmenite</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">FeTiO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>). With this it forms a complete <a href="/wiki/Solid_solution" title="Solid solution">solid solution</a> at temperatures above 950 °C (1,740 °F). </p><p>Hematite occurs naturally in black to steel or silver-gray, brown to reddish-brown, or red colors. It is <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mined</a> as an important <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore#Hematite" title="Iron ore">ore mineral of iron</a>. It is electrically conductive.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hematite varieties include <i>kidney ore</i>, <i>martite</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pseudomorph" title="Pseudomorph">pseudomorphs</a> after <a href="/wiki/Magnetite" title="Magnetite">magnetite</a>), <i>iron rose</i> and <i>specularite</i> (<a href="/wiki/Specular_reflection" title="Specular reflection">specular</a> hematite). While these forms vary, they all have a rust-red <a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">streak</a>. Hematite is not only <a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">harder</a> than pure iron, but also much more <a href="/wiki/Brittleness" title="Brittleness">brittle</a>. The term <i>kidney ore</i> may be broadly used to describe <a href="/wiki/Crystal_habit" title="Crystal habit">botryoidal, mammillary, or reniform</a> hematite.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maghemite" title="Maghemite">Maghemite</a> is a polymorph of hematite (γ-<span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>) with the same chemical formula, but with a <a href="/wiki/Spinel_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinel structure">spinel structure</a> like magnetite. </p><p>Large deposits of hematite are found in <a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">banded iron formations</a>. Gray hematite is typically found in places that have still, standing water, or mineral <a href="/wiki/Hot_spring" title="Hot spring">hot springs</a>, such as those in <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. The mineral may <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(chemistry)" title="Precipitation (chemistry)">precipitate</a> in the water and collect in layers at the bottom of the lake, spring, or other standing water. Hematite can also occur in the absence of water, usually as the result of <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> activity. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">Clay</a>-sized hematite crystals also may occur as a secondary mineral formed by <a href="/wiki/Weathering" title="Weathering">weathering</a> processes in <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a>, and along with other iron oxides or <a href="/wiki/Oxyhydroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyhydroxide">oxyhydroxides</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Goethite" title="Goethite">goethite</a>, which is responsible for the red color of many <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a>, ancient, or otherwise highly weathered soils. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_history">Etymology and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematite&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ochre" title="Ochre">Ochre</a></div> <p>The name hematite is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word for blood, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%E1%BC%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:αἷμα">αἷμα</a></span></span> <i>(haima)</i>, due to the red coloration found in some varieties of hematite.<sup id="cite_ref-TheIronOxides_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheIronOxides-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The color of hematite is often used as a <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a>. The English name of the stone is derived from <a href="/wiki/Middle_French" title="Middle French">Middle French</a> <i>hématite pierre</i>, which was taken from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>lapis haematites</i> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> the 15th century, which originated from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αἱματίτης λίθος</span></span> (<i>haimatitēs lithos</i>, "blood-red stone"). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ochre" title="Ochre">Ochre</a> is a clay that is colored by varying amounts of hematite, varying between 20% and 70%.<sup id="cite_ref-MZ_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MZ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red ochre contains unhydrated hematite, whereas yellow ochre contains <a href="/wiki/Hydrate" title="Hydrate">hydrated</a> hematite (<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a><sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a><sub>3</sub> · <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a><sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a>). The principal use of ochre is for tinting with a permanent color.<sup id="cite_ref-MZ_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MZ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Use of the <a href="/wiki/Sanguine" title="Sanguine">red chalk</a> of this iron-oxide mineral in writing, drawing, and decoration is among the earliest in human history. To date, the earliest known human use of the powdery mineral is 164,000 years ago by the inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Pinnacle_Point" title="Pinnacle Point">Pinnacle Point caves</a> in what now is South Africa, possibly for social purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hematite residues are also found in graves from 80,000 years ago. Near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rydno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rydno (page does not exist)">Rydno</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lovas,_Hungary" title="Lovas, Hungary">Lovas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> red chalk mines have been found that are from 5000 BC, belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear Pottery culture</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine" title="Upper Rhine">Upper Rhine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rich deposits of hematite have been found on the island of <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a> that have been mined since the time of the <a href="/wiki/Etruscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscans">Etruscans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Underground hematite mining is classified as carcinogenic hazard to humans.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Magnetism">Magnetism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematite&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Magnetism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hematite shows only a very feeble response to a <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic field</a>. Unlike magnetite, it is not noticeably attracted to an ordinary magnet. Hematite is an <a href="/wiki/Antiferromagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiferromagnetic">antiferromagnetic</a> material below the <a href="/wiki/Morin_transition" title="Morin transition">Morin transition</a> at 250 K (−23 °C), and a <a href="/wiki/Spin_canting" title="Spin canting">canted</a> antiferromagnet or weakly <a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferromagnetic">ferromagnetic</a> above the Morin transition and below its <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9el_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Néel temperature">Néel temperature</a> at 948 K (675 °C), above which it is <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramagnetic">paramagnetic</a>. </p><p>The magnetic structure of α-hematite was the subject of considerable discussion and debate during the 1950s, as it appeared to be ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of approximately 1,000 K (730 °C), but with an extremely small <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_moment" title="Magnetic moment">magnetic moment</a> (0.002 <a href="/wiki/Bohr_magneton" title="Bohr magneton">Bohr magnetons</a>). Adding to the surprise was a transition with a decrease in temperature at around 260 K (−13 °C) to a phase with no net magnetic moment. It was shown that the system is essentially antiferromagnetic, but that the low symmetry of the <a href="/wiki/Ion#Anions_and_cations" title="Ion">cation</a> sites allows <a href="/wiki/Spin%E2%80%93orbit_coupling" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin–orbit coupling">spin–orbit coupling</a> to cause <a href="/wiki/Spin_canting" title="Spin canting">canting of the moments</a> when they are in the plane perpendicular to the <i>c</i> axis. The disappearance of the moment with a decrease in temperature at 260 K (−13 °C) is caused by a change in the <a href="/wiki/Anisotropy" title="Anisotropy">anisotropy</a> which causes the moments to align along the <i>c</i> axis. In this configuration, spin canting does not reduce the energy.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magnetic properties of bulk hematite differ from their nanoscale counterparts. For example, the Morin transition temperature of hematite decreases with a decrease in the particle size. The suppression of this transition has been observed in hematite <a href="/wiki/Nanoparticles" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a> and is attributed to the presence of impurities, water molecules and defects in the crystals lattice. Hematite is part of a complex solid solution oxyhydroxide system having various contents of H2O (water), hydroxyl groups and vacancy substitutions that affect the mineral's magnetic and crystal chemical properties.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two other end-members are referred to as protohematite and hydrohematite. </p><p>Enhanced <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_coercivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic coercivity">magnetic coercivities</a> for hematite have been achieved by dry-heating a two-line ferrihydrite precursor prepared from solution. Hematite exhibited temperature-dependent magnetic coercivity values ranging from 289 to 5,027 <a href="/wiki/Oersted" title="Oersted">oersteds</a> (23–400 kA/m). The origin of these high coercivity values has been interpreted as a consequence of the subparticle structure induced by the different particle and <a href="/wiki/Crystallite" title="Crystallite">crystallite</a> size growth rates at increasing annealing temperature. These differences in the growth rates are translated into a progressive development of a subparticle structure at the nanoscale (super small). At lower temperatures (350–600 °C), single particles crystallize. However, at higher temperatures (600–1000 °C), the growth of crystalline aggregates, and a subparticle structure is favored.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematite_-_Titanomagnitite.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A microscopic picture of hematite"><img alt="A microscopic picture of hematite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hematite_-_Titanomagnitite.jpg/149px-Hematite_-_Titanomagnitite.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hematite_-_Titanomagnitite.jpg/223px-Hematite_-_Titanomagnitite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hematite_-_Titanomagnitite.jpg/297px-Hematite_-_Titanomagnitite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="958" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A microscopic picture of hematite</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematite_structure.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crystal structure of hematite"><img alt="Crystal structure of hematite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hematite_structure.jpg/200px-Hematite_structure.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hematite_structure.jpg/300px-Hematite_structure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hematite_structure.jpg/400px-Hematite_structure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="634" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crystal structure of hematite</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mine_tailings">Mine tailings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematite&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mine tailings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hematite is present in the waste <a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">tailings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iron_mines" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron mines">iron mines</a>. A recently developed process, <a href="/wiki/Magnetation_(iron_ore)" title="Magnetation (iron ore)">magnetation</a>, uses magnets to glean waste hematite from old mine tailings in <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>'s vast <a href="/wiki/Mesabi_Range" title="Mesabi Range">Mesabi Range</a> iron district.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Falu_red" title="Falu red">Falu red</a> is a pigment used in traditional Swedish house paints. Originally, it was made from tailings of the Falu mine.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mars">Mars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematite&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:07-ml-3-soil-mosaic-B019R1_br.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/07-ml-3-soil-mosaic-B019R1_br.jpg/220px-07-ml-3-soil-mosaic-B019R1_br.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/07-ml-3-soil-mosaic-B019R1_br.jpg/330px-07-ml-3-soil-mosaic-B019R1_br.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/07-ml-3-soil-mosaic-B019R1_br.jpg/440px-07-ml-3-soil-mosaic-B019R1_br.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1982" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption>Image mosaic from the Mars Exploration Rover Microscopic Imager shows hematite <a href="/wiki/Martian_spherules" title="Martian spherules">spherules</a> partly embedded in rock at the Opportunity landing site. Image is around 5 cm (2 in) across.</figcaption></figure> <p>The spectral signature of hematite was seen on the planet <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> by the infrared <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectrometer</a> on the <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spacecraft in orbit around Mars. The mineral was seen in abundance at two sites<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the planet, the <a href="/wiki/Terra_Meridiani" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Meridiani">Terra Meridiani</a> site, near the Martian equator at 0° longitude, and the <a href="/wiki/Aram_Chaos" title="Aram Chaos">Aram Chaos</a> site near the <a href="/wiki/Valles_Marineris" title="Valles Marineris">Valles Marineris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several other sites also showed hematite, such as <a href="/wiki/Aureum_Chaos" title="Aureum Chaos">Aureum Chaos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because terrestrial hematite is typically a mineral formed in aqueous environments or by aqueous alteration, this detection was scientifically interesting enough that the second of the two <a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rovers</a> was sent to a site in the Terra Meridiani region designated <a href="/wiki/Meridiani_Planum" title="Meridiani Planum">Meridiani Planum</a>. In-situ investigations by the <a href="/wiki/Opportunity_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunity rover"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> showed a significant amount of hematite, much of it in the form of small "<a href="/wiki/Martian_spherules" title="Martian spherules">Martian spherules</a>" that were informally named "blueberries" by the science team. Analysis indicates that these <a href="/wiki/Spherule" class="mw-redirect" title="Spherule">spherules</a> are apparently <a href="/wiki/Concretion" title="Concretion">concretions</a> formed from a water solution. "Knowing just how the hematite on Mars was formed will help us characterize the past environment and determine whether that environment was favorable for life".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewelry">Jewelry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematite&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jewelry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hematite is often shaped into beads, tumbling stones, and other jewellery components.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hematite was once used as mourning jewelry.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain types of hematite- or iron-oxide-rich clay, especially <a href="/wiki/Armenian_bole" title="Armenian bole">Armenian bole</a>, have been used in <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilding</a>. Hematite is also used in art such as in the creation of <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">intaglio engraved gems</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hematine" title="Hematine">Hematine</a> is a synthetic material sold as <i>magnetic hematite</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pigment">Pigment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematite&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pigment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hematite has been sourced to make pigments since earlier origins of human pictorial depictions, such as on cave linings and other surfaces, and has been employed continually in artwork through the eras. In Roman times, the pigment obtained by finely grinding hematite was known as <i>sil atticum</i>. Other names for the mineral when used in painting include <i>colcotar</i> and <i>caput mortuum</i>. In Spanish, it is called <i>almagre</i> or <i>almagra</i>, from the Arabic <i>al-maghrah</i>, red earth, which passed into English and Portuguese. Other ancient names for the pigment include <i>ochra hispanica</i>, <i>sil atticum antiquorum</i>, and <i>Spanish brown</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It forms the basis for red, purple, and brown iron-oxide pigments, as well as being an important component of ochre, sienna, and umber pigments.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main producer of hematite for the pigment industry is India, followed distantly by Spain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industrial_purposes">Industrial purposes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematite&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Industrial purposes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As mentioned earlier, hematite is an important mineral for iron ore. The physical properties of hematite are also employed in the areas of medical equipment, shipping industries, and coal production. Having high density and capable as an effective barrier against X-ray passage, it often is incorporated into radiation shielding. As with other iron ores, it often is a component of ship ballasts because of its density and economy. In the coal industry, it can be formed into a high specific density solution, to help separate coal powder from impurities.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematite&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematite-LTH43A.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A rare pseudo-scalenohedral crystal habit"><img alt="A rare pseudo-scalenohedral crystal habit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hematite-LTH43A.JPG/103px-Hematite-LTH43A.JPG" decoding="async" width="103" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hematite-LTH43A.JPG/155px-Hematite-LTH43A.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hematite-LTH43A.JPG/206px-Hematite-LTH43A.JPG 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A rare pseudo-scalenohedral crystal habit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quartz-Hematite-113680.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Three gemmy quartz crystals containing bright rust-red inclusions of hematite, on a field of sparkly black specular hematite"><img alt="Three gemmy quartz crystals containing bright rust-red inclusions of hematite, on a field of sparkly black specular hematite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Quartz-Hematite-113680.jpg/133px-Quartz-Hematite-113680.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Quartz-Hematite-113680.jpg/200px-Quartz-Hematite-113680.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Quartz-Hematite-113680.jpg/266px-Quartz-Hematite-113680.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="473" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Three gemmy quartz crystals containing bright rust-red inclusions of hematite, on a field of sparkly black specular hematite</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rutile-Hematite-113489.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Golden acicular crystals of rutile radiating from a center of platy hematite"><img alt="Golden acicular crystals of rutile radiating from a center of platy hematite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rutile-Hematite-113489.jpg/133px-Rutile-Hematite-113489.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rutile-Hematite-113489.jpg/200px-Rutile-Hematite-113489.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rutile-Hematite-113489.jpg/266px-Rutile-Hematite-113489.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="462" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Golden acicular crystals of <a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">rutile</a> radiating from a center of platy hematite</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_seal_antelope_Louvre_AM1639.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cypro-Minoan cylinder seal (left) made from hematite with corresponding impression (right), approximately 14th century BC"><img alt="Cypro-Minoan cylinder seal (left) made from hematite with corresponding impression (right), approximately 14th century BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cylinder_seal_antelope_Louvre_AM1639.jpg/133px-Cylinder_seal_antelope_Louvre_AM1639.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cylinder_seal_antelope_Louvre_AM1639.jpg/200px-Cylinder_seal_antelope_Louvre_AM1639.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cylinder_seal_antelope_Louvre_AM1639.jpg/266px-Cylinder_seal_antelope_Louvre_AM1639.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a> <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_seal" title="Cylinder seal">cylinder seal</a> (left) made from hematite with corresponding impression (right), approximately 14th century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematite-254990.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A cluster of parallel-growth, mirror-bright, metallic-gray hematite blades from Brazil"><img alt="A cluster of parallel-growth, mirror-bright, metallic-gray hematite blades from Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hematite-254990.jpg/133px-Hematite-254990.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hematite-254990.jpg/200px-Hematite-254990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hematite-254990.jpg/266px-Hematite-254990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A cluster of parallel-growth, mirror-bright, metallic-gray hematite blades from Brazil</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematite.bear.660pix.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hematite carving, 5 cm (2 in) long"><img alt="Hematite carving, 5 cm (2 in) long" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Hematite.bear.660pix.jpg/133px-Hematite.bear.660pix.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Hematite.bear.660pix.jpg/200px-Hematite.bear.660pix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Hematite.bear.660pix.jpg/266px-Hematite.bear.660pix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hematite carving, 5 cm (2 in) long</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematit_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hematite, variant specularite (specular hematite), with fine grain shown"><img alt="Hematite, variant specularite (specular hematite), with fine grain shown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hematit_2.jpg/133px-Hematit_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hematit_2.jpg/200px-Hematit_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hematit_2.jpg/266px-Hematit_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="1240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hematite, variant specularite (specular hematite), with fine grain shown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red hematite from banded iron formation in Wyoming"><img alt="Red hematite from banded iron formation in Wyoming" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg/133px-Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg/200px-Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg/266px-Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2308" data-file-height="1754" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Red hematite from <a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">banded iron formation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematite_on_mars.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hematite on Mars as found in form of "blueberries" (named by NASA)"><img alt="Hematite on Mars as found in form of "blueberries" (named by NASA)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Hematite_on_mars.jpg/130px-Hematite_on_mars.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Hematite_on_mars.jpg/195px-Hematite_on_mars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Hematite_on_mars.jpg/260px-Hematite_on_mars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hematite on Mars as found in form of "blueberries" (named by NASA)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematite_streak_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Streak plate, showing that hematite consistently leaves a rust-red streak"><img alt="Streak plate, showing that hematite consistently leaves a rust-red streak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hematite_streak_plate.jpg/133px-Hematite_streak_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hematite_streak_plate.jpg/200px-Hematite_streak_plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hematite_streak_plate.jpg/266px-Hematite_streak_plate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="547" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">Streak plate</a>, showing that hematite consistently leaves a rust-red streak</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematite_in_Scanning_Electron_Microscope,_magnification_100x.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hematite in scanning electron microscope, magnification 100x"><img alt="Hematite in scanning electron microscope, magnification 100x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Hematite_in_Scanning_Electron_Microscope%2C_magnification_100x.JPG/133px-Hematite_in_Scanning_Electron_Microscope%2C_magnification_100x.JPG" decoding="async" width="133" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Hematite_in_Scanning_Electron_Microscope%2C_magnification_100x.JPG/200px-Hematite_in_Scanning_Electron_Microscope%2C_magnification_100x.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Hematite_in_Scanning_Electron_Microscope%2C_magnification_100x.JPG/266px-Hematite_in_Scanning_Electron_Microscope%2C_magnification_100x.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hematite in scanning electron microscope, magnification 100x</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micaceous_hematite.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Micaceous hematite taken with permission from Kelly's Mine, Lustleigh, Devon UK"><img alt="Micaceous hematite taken with permission from Kelly's Mine, Lustleigh, Devon UK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Micaceous_hematite.jpg/133px-Micaceous_hematite.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Micaceous_hematite.jpg/200px-Micaceous_hematite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Micaceous_hematite.jpg/266px-Micaceous_hematite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="929" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Micaceous hematite taken with permission from Kelly's Mine, Lustleigh, Devon UK</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hemacollage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cumbrian botryoidal hematite under hand-lens. Despite all being present on the same sample, the botryoids themselves vary widely in diameter."><img alt="Cumbrian botryoidal hematite under hand-lens. Despite all being present on the same sample, the botryoids themselves vary widely in diameter." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hemacollage.png/127px-Hemacollage.png" decoding="async" width="127" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hemacollage.png/190px-Hemacollage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hemacollage.png/253px-Hemacollage.png 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="1230" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Botryoidal" title="Botryoidal">botryoidal</a> hematite under <a href="/wiki/Hand_lens" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand lens">hand-lens</a>. Despite all being present on the same sample, the botryoids themselves vary widely in diameter. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematite&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mill_scale" title="Mill scale">Mill scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_redox_buffer" title="Mineral redox buffer">Mineral redox buffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCstite" title="Wüstite">Wüstite</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematite&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDunlopÖzdemir2001" class="citation book cs1">Dunlop, David J.; Özdemir, Özden (2001). <i>Rock Magnetism: Fundamentals and Frontiers</i>. 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ore_minerals,_mineral_mixtures_and_ore_deposits281" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ores" title="Template:Ores"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ores" title="Template talk:Ores"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ores" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ores"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ore_minerals,_mineral_mixtures_and_ore_deposits281" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ore#Ore,_gangue,_ore_minerals,_gangue_minerals" title="Ore">Ore minerals</a>, mineral mixtures and <a href="/wiki/Ore#Ore_deposits" title="Ore">ore deposits</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">Ores</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">Oxides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassiterite" title="Cassiterite">Cassiterite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromite" title="Chromite">Chromite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coltan" title="Coltan">Coltan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbite" title="Columbite">Columbite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a>)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hematite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmenite" title="Ilmenite">Ilmenite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetite" title="Magnetite">Magnetite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrolusite" title="Pyrolusite">Pyrolusite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantalite" title="Tantalite">Tantalite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraninite" title="Uraninite">Uraninite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Sulfide" title="Sulfide">Sulfides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acanthite" title="Acanthite">Acanthite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentite" title="Argentite">Argentite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornite" title="Bornite">Bornite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcopyrite" title="Chalcopyrite">Chalcopyrite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcocite" title="Chalcocite">Chalcocite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnabar" title="Cinnabar">Cinnabar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobaltite" title="Cobaltite">Cobaltite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galena" title="Galena">Galena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdenite" title="Molybdenite">Molybdenite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">Pyrite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentlandite" title="Pentlandite">Pentlandite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphalerite" title="Sphalerite">Sphalerite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">Carbonates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)" title="Dolomite (mineral)">Dolomite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesite" title="Magnesite">Magnesite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baryte" title="Baryte">Baryte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">Bauxite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl">Beryl</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperrylite" title="Sperrylite">Sperrylite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheelite" title="Scheelite">Scheelite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolframite" title="Wolframite">Wolframite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deposit types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">Banded iron formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonate-hosted_lead-zinc_ore_deposits" title="Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc ore deposits">Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_mineral_sands_ore_deposits" title="Heavy mineral sands ore deposits">Heavy mineral sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_oxide_copper_gold_ore_deposits" title="Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits">Iron oxide copper gold (IOCG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambalda_type_komatiitic_nickel_ore_deposits" title="Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits">Kambalda-type komatiitic nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateritic_nickel_ore_deposits" title="Lateritic nickel ore deposits">Lateritic nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore#Nickel-cobalt-platinum_deposits" title="Ore">Magmatic nickel-copper-iron-PGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_copper_deposit" title="Porphyry copper deposit">Porphyry copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_exhalative_deposits" title="Sedimentary exhalative deposits">Sedimentary exhalative (SedEx)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_ore" title="Uranium ore">Uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanogenic_massive_sulfide_ore_deposit" title="Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit">Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orogenic_gold_deposit" title="Orogenic gold deposit">Orogenic gold deposit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/34px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/46px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3552" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Minerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gemstones420" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gemstones" title="Template:Gemstones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gemstones" title="Template talk:Gemstones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gemstones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gemstones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gemstones420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">Gemstones</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Kievlenko (1980), updated</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> stones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_gem" title="Cardinal gem">1st order</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire#Blue_sapphire" title="Sapphire">Blue Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoberyl#Alexandrite" title="Chrysoberyl">Alexandrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl#Natural_pearls" title="Pearl">Natural marine pearls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>2nd order</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire#Pink_sapphires" title="Sapphire">Pink sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demantoid" title="Demantoid">Demantoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsavorite" title="Tsavorite">Tsavorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal#Precious_opal" title="Opal">Precious Black Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>3rd order</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire#Sapphires_of_other_colors" title="Sapphire">Yellow, Green, Violet Sapphires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquamarine_(gem)" title="Aquamarine (gem)">Aquamarine</a></li> <li>Orange <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">topaz</a> (Imperial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbaite" title="Elbaite">Elbaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal#Other_varieties_of_opal" title="Opal">Precious White and Fire Opal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>4th order</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a> – Verdelite</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indicolite" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicolite">Indicolite</a>, polychromous</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl">Beryl</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heliodor" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliodor">Heliodor</a>, pink, yellow-green</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a> yellow, blue, pink</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridot" title="Peridot">Peridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnets</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spessartine" title="Spessartine">Spessartine</a> (malaya), <a href="/wiki/Rhodolite" title="Rhodolite">Rhodolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almandine" title="Almandine">Almandine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrope" title="Pyrope">Pyrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">Amethyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrine_quartz" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrine quartz">Citrine</a></li> <li>Blue <a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">Turquoise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewelry-Industrial<br />stones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>1st order</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lazurite" title="Lazurite">Lazurite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeite" title="Jadeite">Jadeite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrite" title="Nephrite">Nephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">Amber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baltic_amber" title="Baltic amber">Baltic amber</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoprase" title="Chrysoprase">Chrysoprase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charoite" title="Charoite">Charoite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>2nd order</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonite" title="Amazonite">Amazonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodonite" title="Rhodonite">Rhodonite</a></li> <li>Colorless, <a href="/wiki/Quartz#Smoky_quartz" title="Quartz">smoky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quartz#Rose_quartz" title="Quartz">pink</a> <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hematite</a></li> <li>Common <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a></li> <li>Opaque iridescent <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial stones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_texture" title="Graphic texture">Graphic</a> <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrified_wood" title="Petrified wood">Petrified wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacholong" title="Cacholong">Cacholong</a> (Porouse <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a>)</li> <li>Marble <a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listwanite" title="Listwanite">Listwanite</a> (green mica)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_(lignite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet (lignite)">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenite_(mineral)" title="Selenite (mineral)">Selenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">Fluorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a> <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verd_antique" title="Verd antique">Ophicalcite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">Calcite</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagodite" title="Pagodite">Pagodite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyrophyllite" title="Pyrophyllite">Pyrophyllite</a>/<a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">Talc</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_gemstones" title="List of individual gemstones">List of individual gemstones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diamonds" title="List of diamonds">List of diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emeralds_by_size" title="List of emeralds by size">List of emeralds by size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sapphires_by_size" title="List of sapphires by size">List of sapphires by size</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species" title="List of gemstones by species">List of gemstones by species</a> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/34px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/46px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3552" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Minerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></b></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jewellery187" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewellery" title="Template:Jewellery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jewellery" title="Template talk:Jewellery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewellery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewellery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewellery187" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jewellery_types" title="List of jewellery types">Forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklet" title="Anklet">Anklet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clip" title="Hair clip">Barrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belly_chain" title="Belly chain">Belly chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_buckle" title="Belt buckle">Belt buckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">Bolo tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracelet" title="Bracelet">Bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooch" title="Brooch">Brooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_chain" title="Jewellery chain">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatelaine_(chain)" title="Chatelaine (chain)">Chatelaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_pin" title="Collar pin">Collar pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earring" title="Earring">Earring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re" title="Ferronnière">Ferronnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_jewellery" class="mw-redirect" title="Genital jewellery">Genital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapel_pin" title="Lapel pin">Lapel pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necklace" title="Necklace">Necklace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_ring" title="Neck ring">Neck ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Pectoral (Ancient Egypt)">Pectoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendant" title="Pendant">Pendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_chain" title="Tie chain">Tie chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_clip" title="Tie clip">Tie clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_pin" title="Tie pin">Tie pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_ring" title="Toe ring">Toe ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch_strap" title="Watch strap">strap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Making</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bench_jeweler" title="Bench jeweler">Bench jeweler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clockmaker" title="Clockmaker">Clockmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapidary" title="Lapidary">Lapidarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">Silversmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchmaker" title="Watchmaker">Watchmaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">Carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">Casting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_casting_(silversmithing)" title="Centrifugal casting (silversmithing)">centrifugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost-wax_casting" title="Lost-wax casting">lost-wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">vacuum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">Enameling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">Engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filigree" title="Filigree">Filigree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewelry_model" title="Jewelry model">Jewelry model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_clay" title="Metal clay">Metal clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plating" title="Plating">Plating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polishing_(metalworking)" title="Polishing (metalworking)">Polishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing" title="Repoussé and chasing">Repoussé and chasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonesetting" title="Stonesetting">Stonesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_sculpture" title="Wire sculpture">Wire sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_wrapped_jewelry" title="Wire wrapped jewelry">Wire wrapped jewelry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_plate" title="Draw plate">Draw plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(tool)" title="File (tool)">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandrel" title="Mandrel">Mandrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliers" title="Pliers">Pliers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precious metal <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_silver" title="Britannia silver">Britannia silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colored_gold" title="Colored gold">Colored gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_gold" title="Crown gold">Crown gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrum" title="Electrum">Electrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakud%C5%8D" title="Shakudō">Shakudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuichi" title="Shibuichi">Shibuichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_silver" title="Sterling silver">Sterling silver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentium_sterling_silver" title="Argentium sterling silver">Argentium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga">Tumbaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_metal" title="Base metal">Base metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">Brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokume-gane" title="Mokume-gane">Mokume-gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_silver" title="Nickel silver">Nickel silver (alpacca)</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pewter" title="Pewter">Pewter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alloy)" title="Pinchbeck (alloy)">Pinchbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">Stainless steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mineral <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonite" title="Amazonite">Amazonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">Amethyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl">Beryl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_beryl" title="Red beryl">red</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian">Carnelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoberyl" title="Chrysoberyl">Chrysoberyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysocolla" title="Chrysocolla">Chrysocolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrine_(quartz)" title="Citrine (quartz)">Citrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diopside" title="Diopside">Diopside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">Fluorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howlite" title="Howlite">Howlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyanite" title="Kyanite">Kyanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labradorite" title="Labradorite">Labradorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">Lapis lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimar" title="Larimar">Larimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcasite_jewellery" title="Marcasite jewellery">Marcasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonstone_(gemstone)" title="Moonstone (gemstone)">Moonstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridot" title="Peridot">Peridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasiolite" title="Prasiolite">Prasiolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smoky_quartz" title="Smoky quartz">smoky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">Sodalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunstone" title="Sunstone">Sunstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger%27s_eye" title="Tiger's eye">Tiger's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">Turquoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variscite" title="Variscite">Variscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organic gemstones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">Amber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammolite" title="Ammolite">Ammolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">Copal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">Coral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_coral" title="Black coral">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_coral" title="Precious coral">Precious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)" title="Jet (gemstone)">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">Nacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operculum_(gastropod)" title="Operculum (gastropod)">Operculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell" title="Tortoiseshell">Tortoiseshell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other natural objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezoar" title="Bezoar">Bezoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog-wood" title="Bog-wood">Bog-wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebonite" title="Ebonite">Ebonite (vulcanite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_jewellery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair jewellery">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_jewelry" title="Shell jewelry">Shell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spondylus" title="Spondylus">Spondylus shell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toadstone" title="Toadstone">Toadstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_jewelry" title="Art jewelry">Art jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carat_(mass)" title="Carat (mass)">Carat</a> (mass)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fineness#Carat" title="Fineness">Carat</a> (purity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_(jewelcrafting)" title="Finding (jewelcrafting)">Finding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fineness" title="Fineness">Fineness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Related topics</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Body_piercing" title="Body piercing">Body piercing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gemology" title="Gemology">Gemology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">Metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wearable_art" title="Wearable art">Wearable art</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link 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