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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Chinese+renminbi" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Chinese+renminbi" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Chinese+renminbi" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Betaalmiddel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Betaalmiddel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Betaalmiddel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Betaalmiddel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wisselkoers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wisselkoers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wisselkoers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wisselkoers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wisselkoers-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wisselkoers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Koppeling_met_dollar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koppeling_met_dollar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Koppeling met dollar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koppeling_met_dollar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koppeling_aan_mandje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koppeling_aan_mandje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Koppeling aan mandje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koppeling_aan_mandje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offshore_renminbi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offshore_renminbi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Offshore renminbi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offshore_renminbi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opname_in_SDR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opname_in_SDR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Opname in SDR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opname_in_SDR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinese renminbi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 105 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="رنمينبي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رنمينبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%89" title="رنمينبى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رنمينبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_yuan%C4%B1" title="Çin yuanı – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin yuanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%DB%8C" title="چین یوآنی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چین یوآنی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%8E%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ҡытай юане – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡытай юане" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%8E%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Кітайскі юань – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кітайскі юань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%8E%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Кітайскі юань – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кітайскі юань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%8E%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Китайски юан – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китайски юан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF" title="রেন্মিন্বি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেন্মিন্বি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3" title="མི་དམངས་ཤོག་དངུལ – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མི་དམངས་ཤོག་དངུལ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF" title="চাইনিজ রেনমিনবি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চাইনিজ রেনমিনবি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cng-m%C3%ACng-b%C3%AA" title="Ìng-mìng-bê – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ìng-mìng-bê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnsk%C3%BD_j%C3%BCan" title="Čínský jüan – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čínský jüan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Κινεζικό γουάν – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κινεζικό γουάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbio" title="Renminbio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Renminbio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="رنمینبی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رنمینبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan" title="Yuan – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yuan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%B9%A3" title="人民幣 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="人民幣" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuwan" title="Yuwan – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Yuwan" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%ACn-m%C3%ACn-pi" title="Ngìn-mìn-pi – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngìn-mìn-pi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99" title="רנמינבי – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רנמינבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="रॅन्मिन्बी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रॅन्मिन्बी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnai_j%C3%BCan" title="Kínai jüan – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kínai jüan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Չինական յուան – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինական յուան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi_cinese" title="Renminbi cinese – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Renminbi cinese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%83" title="人民元 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人民元" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Женминби – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Женминби" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="រ៉ិនមីនប៊ី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រ៉ិនមីនប៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%B0%EB%AF%BC%EB%B9%84" title="런민비 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="런민비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9nm%C3%ADnb%C3%AC" title="Rénmínbì – Kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Rénmínbì" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%8E%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Китайса юань – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Китайса юань" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan" title="Yuan – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Yuan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juanis" title="Juanis – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juanis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jua%C5%86a" title="Juaņa – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Juaņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кинески јуан – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кинески јуан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="रेन्मिन्बी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेन्मिन्बी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan" title="Yuan – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Yuan" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="रेन्मिन्बी – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रेन्मिन्बी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF" title="रेन्मिन्बि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रेन्मिन्बि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesisk_renminbi" title="Kinesisk renminbi – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kinesisk renminbi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੇਨਮਿਨਬੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਨਮਿਨਬੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_renminbi" title="Yuan renminbi – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Yuan renminbi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8E%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Китайский юань – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китайский юань" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnsky_j%C3%BCan" title="Čínsky jüan – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čínsky jüan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Женминби – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Женминби" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="ரென்மின்பி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரென்மின்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Юани Чин – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Юани Чин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89" title="เหรินหมินปี้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เหรินหมินปี้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi_%C3%9Duan" title="Renminbi Ýuan – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Renminbi Ýuan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Юань – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Юань" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%D9%82_%D9%BE%DB%87%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%8A%DB%88%DB%95%D9%86%D9%89" title="خەلق پۇلى يۈەنى – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خەلق پۇلى يۈەنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Юань женьміньбі – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Юань женьміньбі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="رینمنبی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رینمنبی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy_yuani" title="Xitoy yuani – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy yuani" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_t%E1%BB%87" title="Nhân dân tệ – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhân dân tệ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan" title="Yuan – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Yuan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%81" title="人民币 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人民币" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჩინური იუანი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩინური იუანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Renminbi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yinzminzbi" title="Yinzminzbi – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yinzminzbi" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%81" title="人民币 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人民币" data-language-autonym="中文" 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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Doorverwezen vanaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renminbi&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:270px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2" style="font-size:120%">Chinese renminbi </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Naam (taalvarianten) </th></tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Vereenvoudigde_Chinese_karakters" title="Vereenvoudigde Chinese karakters">Vereenvoudigd</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinees"><big>人民币</big></span></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Traditionele_Chinese_karakters" title="Traditionele Chinese karakters">Traditioneel</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="zh-Hant" title="Chinees"><big>人民幣</big></span></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">Pinyin</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="pny" title="Pinyin">rénmínbì</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <table class="vatop"> <tbody><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Oeigoers" title="Oeigoers">Oeigoers</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="ug" title="Oeigoers"><big><big><big>خەلق پۇلى يۈەنى</big></big></big></span><big><big><big> </big></big></big></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Mongools" title="Mongools">Mongools</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="mn" title="Mongools"><span style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-family:'Menk Hawang Tig', 'Menk Qagan Tig', 'Menk Garqag Tig', 'Menk Har_a Tig', 'Menk Scnin Tig', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT', 'Mongolian Baiti', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Mongol Usug', 'Mongolian White', 'MongolianScript', 'Code2000', 'Menksoft Qagan'; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1em; -ms-writing-mode:tb-lr; writing-mode:tb-lr; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠣᠰ</span> <br /> arad-un ǰoγos</span> </td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Tibetaans" title="Tibetaans">Tibetaans</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="bo" title="Tibetaans"><big><big><big>མི་དམངས་ཤོག་དངུལ།</big></big></big></span><big><big><big> </big></big></big></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Tibetaans_pinyin" title="Tibetaans pinyin">Tibetaans pinyin</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="bo-Latn-pinyin" title="Tibetaans">Mimang Xogngü</span> </td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Koreaans" title="Koreaans">Koreaans</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="ko" title="Koreaans">런민비</span> </td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Standaardkantonees" title="Standaardkantonees">Standaardkantonees</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="yue" title="Kantonees"><a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Fonetisch_Alfabet" title="Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet">IPA: [jɐn mɐn pɐi]</a></span></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/HK-romanisatie" title="HK-romanisatie">HK-romanisatie</a> <small>(Standaardkantonees)</small></td> <td style="">Yan Man Pai</td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Weitouhua" title="Weitouhua">Weitouhua</a></td> <td style=""><a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Fonetisch_Alfabet" title="Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet">IPA: [jɐŋ mɐŋ pɐi]</a></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Dapenghua" title="Dapenghua">Dapenghua</a></td> <td style=""><a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Fonetisch_Alfabet" title="Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet">IPA: [jɐn mɐn pɐi]</a></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Hongkong-Hakka" title="Hongkong-Hakka">Hongkong-Hakka</a></td> <td style=""><a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Fonetisch_Alfabet" title="Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet">IPA: [ŋiːn miːn piː]</a></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Minnanyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnanyu">Minnanyu</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="nan" title="Minnanyu">Jîn-bîn-pè</span></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Sichuanhua" title="Sichuanhua">Sichuanhua</a></td> <td style="">Zjun Min Bie</td> </tr> <tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_(taal)" title="Zhuang (taal)">Zhuang</a></td> <td style=""><big><big>Yinzminz ? </big></big></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamees" title="Vietnamees">Vietnamees</a></td> <td style="">Nhân dân tệ </td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Letterlijke vertaling</td> <td style="">volksgeld</td> </tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Renminbi </th></tr> <tr> <th>Land </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van China"><img alt="Vlag van China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Verdeling </th> <td colspan="2">1 yuan = 10 jiǎo = 100 fēn </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217-code</a> </th> <td colspan="2">CNY </td></tr> <tr> <th>Afkorting of <a href="/wiki/Valutateken" title="Valutateken">valutateken</a> </th> <td colspan="2">RMB, ￥ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Wisselkoers" title="Wisselkoers">Wisselkoers</a> </th> <td colspan="2">1 EUR = 7,746 CNY <br /> 1 US$ = 7,246 CNY <br /> 24 april 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Economie" title="Portaal:Economie">Economie</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>De <b>Chinese renminbi</b> is de officiële <a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">valuta</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a>. <i>Rénmínbì</i> betekent 'geld van het volk' en de naam kwam in 1949 voor het eerst voor. De afkorting <b>RMB</b> en ook de <a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a>-standaard CNY worden als eenheid gebruikt. De bij de valuta renminbi behorende munteenheid heeft een aparte naam, de <b>yuan</b>. </p><p>De eenheid wordt in intern Chinees handelsverkeer ook wel met het <a href="/wiki/Yenteken" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenteken">teken voor de yen</a> aangeduid. Het is een geldig betaalmiddel op het vasteland van China, behalve <a href="/wiki/Hongkong" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a> en <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>. In Hongkong en Macau worden de <a href="/wiki/Hongkongse_dollar" title="Hongkongse dollar">Hongkongse dollar</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Macause_pataca" title="Macause pataca">pataca</a> gebruikt. </p><p>De yuan is wellicht de oudste munteenheid met een decimale onderverdeling.<sup id="cite_ref-vraag_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vraag-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China was in 3e eeuw v.Chr. de eerste cultuur die metalen, koperen munten in gebruik nam en ook in 9e eeuw n.Chr. de eerste die <a href="/wiki/Bankbiljet" title="Bankbiljet">papiergeld</a> gebruikte.<sup id="cite_ref-vraag_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vraag-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Betaalmiddel">Betaalmiddel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Betaalmiddel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Betaalmiddel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">munteenheid</a> van renminbi is <i>yuan</i> 元, in spreektaal meestal <i>kuai</i> 塊 / 块 genoemd. Een yuan is verdeeld in tien <i>jiao</i> 角, of <i>mao</i> 毛 veer in de spreektaal, en een jiao bestaat uit tien <i>fen</i> 分. Fen zijn zo weinig waard dat ze bijna niet in de steden worden gebruikt, behalve in de grote supermarkten. </p><p>Renminbi bestaat in munten en papiergeld. Er zijn munten van 1, 2 en 5 fen, van 1, 2, en 5 jiao, en van 1 yuan. De munten van 2 jiao worden bijna niet meer gebruikt. Op alle recente munten staat <a href="/wiki/Vereenvoudigde_Chinese_karakters" title="Vereenvoudigde Chinese karakters">vereenvoudigd Chinees</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">hanyu pinyin</a>. </p><p>Briefjes zijn er van 1, 2 en 5 jiao, en van 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 en 100 yuan. Op de voorkant van alle yuanbiljetten van de recentste serie staat het portret van <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>, terwijl op de achterkant telkens een bekend Chinees gebouw of landschap staat. Op alle recente bankbiljetten staat vereenvoudigd Chinees, hanyu pinyin, <a href="/wiki/Mongools" title="Mongools">Mongools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetaans" title="Tibetaans">Tibetaans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oeigoers" title="Oeigoers">Oeigoers</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_(taal)" title="Zhuang (taal)">Zhuangyu</a>. Er bestaan ook briefjes van fen, maar die zijn klein en worden weinig meer gebruikt. </p><p>Er waren anno 2008 gouden munten van 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 450, 500, en 1 000 yuan in omloop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wisselkoers">Wisselkoers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Wisselkoers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Wisselkoers"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:USD_to_CNY_rate_since_1981.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/USD_to_CNY_rate_since_1981.png/260px-USD_to_CNY_rate_since_1981.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/USD_to_CNY_rate_since_1981.png/390px-USD_to_CNY_rate_since_1981.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/USD_to_CNY_rate_since_1981.png/520px-USD_to_CNY_rate_since_1981.png 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Koers CNY - US$ (1981-2019)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:CNY-EUR_1999-.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CNY-EUR_1999-.svg/260px-CNY-EUR_1999-.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CNY-EUR_1999-.svg/390px-CNY-EUR_1999-.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CNY-EUR_1999-.svg/520px-CNY-EUR_1999-.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Koers CNY - EUR (1999-2018)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koppeling_met_dollar">Koppeling met dollar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Koppeling met dollar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Koppeling met dollar"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De renminbi is lange tijd gekoppeld aan de <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_dollar" title="Amerikaanse dollar">Amerikaanse dollar</a>. Zo was van 1951 tot 1971 de vastgestelde koers 2,46 renminbi per Amerikaanse dollar. In twee stappen werd de koers bijgesteld naar 1,50 renminbi in 1981. De Chinese economie was gericht op <a href="/wiki/Importsubstitutie" title="Importsubstitutie">importsubstitutie</a> en de overgewaardeerde renminbi maakte de import van buitenlandse productiemiddelen aantrekkelijk. </p><p>Vanaf eind jaren 80 is de export een grotere rol gaan spelen. Om de export te stimuleren had het land een zwakke munt nodig en de waarde devalueerde fors ten opzichte van de dollar. In 1994 kwam hieraan een einde en de wisselkoers bleef gedurende 10 jaar stabiel op 8,3 renminbi per dollar. De export groeide en het land kreeg een fors overschot op de <a href="/wiki/Handelsbalans" title="Handelsbalans">handelsbalans</a>. Amerikaanse en Europese economen en politici klaagden over de kunstmatige lage koers en wilden een duurdere renminbi.<sup id="cite_ref-NRCYUAN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRCYUAN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In juli 2005 kwam er een voorstel in de <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_Senaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikaanse Senaat">Amerikaanse Senaat</a> om alle Chinese exportproducten te belasten met een <a href="/wiki/Douanerechten" title="Douanerechten">invoerrecht</a> van 27,5% als het land de koers van de renminbi in de komende zes maanden niet laat stijgen.<sup id="cite_ref-NRCYUAN_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRCYUAN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andere economen geven echter aan dat bijstellen van de koers weinig tot geen effect zal hebben op de Amerikaanse en Europese economieën, omdat bedrijven in dat geval hun toevlucht zouden zoeken naar andere Aziatische landen zoals <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. </p><p>Onder buitenlandse druk kwam er medio 2005 een wijziging in het wisselkoersbeleid. De vaste koers versus de dollar werd losgelaten en de renminbi ging zweven, maar binnen nauwe marges. Op 21 juli 2005 heeft de regering de waarde van de munt verhoogd met 2,1% ten opzichte van de Amerikaanse dollar. Hierdoor is de koers veranderd van 8,2765 naar 8,1111 en de koers mag schommelen binnen een nauwe marge van 0,3%. Er kwam in juli 2008 vanwege de <a href="/wiki/Kredietcrisis" title="Kredietcrisis">kredietcrisis</a> en het negatieve effect op de Chinese export even een einde aan de geleidelijke koersstijging.<sup id="cite_ref-FASYUAN_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FASYUAN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vanaf medio 2010 werd het oude beleid weer hersteld. Van juli 2005 tot juni 2013 is de renminbi met 34% duurder geworden versus de dollar en zelfs met 42% als rekening wordt gehouden met de <a href="/wiki/Inflatie" title="Inflatie">inflatie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FASYUAN_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FASYUAN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het overschot op de buitenlandse handel is verminderd en ook de toestroom aan de internationale reserves van China is afgenomen. De onderwaardering van de renminbi is hiermee grotendeels verdwenen.<sup id="cite_ref-FASYUAN_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FASYUAN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 11 augustus 2015 verlaagden de Chinese financiële autoriteiten de spilkoers van de renminbi van 6,11 naar 6,22 voor 1 dollar, een devaluatie van 1,9%.<sup id="cite_ref-VKYDEV_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VKYDEV-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rond die spilkoers mag de munt nog 2% bewegen. De centrale bank stelde de dagkoers vast, maar dat zal vanaf deze dag ook door de markt gebeuren, door te kijken naar de waarde ontwikkeling op de "offshore" markt.<sup id="cite_ref-VKYDEV_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VKYDEV-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het <a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Monetair_Fonds" title="Internationaal Monetair Fonds">Internationaal Monetair Fonds</a> (IMF) heeft positief gereageerd op het laatste besluit.<sup id="cite_ref-LATYDEV_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATYDEV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De devaluatie stimuleert de export van Chinese producten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koppeling_aan_mandje">Koppeling aan mandje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Koppeling aan mandje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Koppeling aan mandje"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op 11 december 2015 besloten de Chinese beleidsmakers de waardeontwikkeling van de renminbi niet langer uitsluitend te koppelen aan de Amerikaanse dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTRENBAS_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTRENBAS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In het vervolg wordt de waarde bepaald aan de hand van een valutamandje, waaronder naast de dollar ook de euro en de <a href="/wiki/Japanse_yen" title="Japanse yen">yen</a>, waardoor de renminbi een handelsgewogen valuta wordt.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTRENBAS_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTRENBAS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In de laatste jaren is de dollar sterker geworden en daardoor ook indirect de renminbi waardoor de concurrentiepositie van China op de wereldmarkt is verslechterd.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTRENBAS_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTRENBAS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met deze beleidsaanpassing zal de wisselkoers van de renminbi dalen ten opzichte van de dollar, zeker als de koersstijging van de dollar doorzet.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTRENBAS_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTRENBAS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Begin augustus 2019 zakte de waarde voor het eerst in 11 jaar onder de psychologische grens van 7 renminbi per dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-NRC7_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Een zwakkere munt maakt Chinese producten aantrekkelijker voor buitenlandse afnemers. In een verklaring zei de <a href="/wiki/Centrale_Bank_van_de_Volksrepubliek_China" title="Centrale Bank van de Volksrepubliek China">Chinese Centrale Bank</a> dat dit een reactie was op het handelsprotectionisme van de Verenigde Staten.<sup id="cite_ref-NRC7_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> heeft eerder gezegd vanaf 1 september 10% belasting te heffen op Chinese importgoederen ter waarde van US$ 300 miljard waar nog geen invoerheffingen voor gelden.<sup id="cite_ref-NRC7_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 6 augustus bestempelde het Amerikaanse <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">ministerie van Financiën</a> China als valutamanipulator.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCCHCM_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCCHCM-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China voldoet aan de Amerikaanse definitie omdat het moedwillig de waarde van de valuta ten opzichte van de dollar heeft beïnvloed om daarmee een oneerlijk concurrentievoordeel te behalen bij de internationale handel.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCCHCM_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCCHCM-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Praktisch heeft dit weinig effect, maar het is een volgende stap in de escalerende moeizame handelsrelatie tussen beide landen.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCCHCM_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCCHCM-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption>Gemiddelde wisselkoers renminbi </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="50pt">Jaar<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="80pt"><a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_dollar" title="Amerikaanse dollar">dollar</a> </th> <th width="80pt"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td>2,9367</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td>4,7832</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td>8,3510</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>8,2784</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td>8,1917</td> <td>10,1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>6,7695</td> <td>8,9725 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>6,4588</td> <td>9,0011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>6,3125</td> <td>8,1067 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>6,1932</td> <td>8,2219 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>6,1428</td> <td>8,1651 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td>6,2284</td> <td>6,9141 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td>6,6423</td> <td>7,3426 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>6,7518</td> <td>7,6303 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>6,6674</td> <td>7,8016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td>6,8985</td> <td>7,7255 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>6,8976</td> <td>7,8755 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>6,4515</td> <td>7,6293 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022</td> <td>6,7261</td> <td>7,0721 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offshore_renminbi">Offshore renminbi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Offshore renminbi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Offshore renminbi"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Volksbank van China introduceerde in 2010 een "offshore" markt voor de yuan. De handel in de offshore yuan vindt voornamelijk in <a href="/wiki/Hongkong" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a> plaats en deze yuan is vrij verhandelbaar. Deze koers, met de afkorting CNH, mag in principe vrij bewegen ten opzichte van andere valuta zoals de Amerikaanse dollar. De officiële wisselkoers van de yuan, de "onshore" met de afkorting CNY, wordt dagelijks door de <a href="/wiki/Centrale_Bank_van_de_Volksrepubliek_China" title="Centrale Bank van de Volksrepubliek China">Chinese Centrale Bank</a> vastgesteld. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opname_in_SDR">Opname in SDR</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Opname in SDR" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Opname in SDR"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanwege het grote aandeel van China in de internationale handel heeft het <a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Monetair_Fonds" title="Internationaal Monetair Fonds">IMF</a> onderzoek gedaan naar de mogelijkheid de renminbi op te nemen in het mandje van de <a href="/wiki/Speciale_trekkingsrechten" title="Speciale trekkingsrechten">Speciale trekkingsrechten</a> (SDR). China had in de periode 2010-2014 een aandeel van 11% in de wereldhandel,<sup id="cite_ref-IMFSDR_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFSDR-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maar in het financiële verkeer werd de renminbi veel minder gebruikt. De renminbi werd nog nauwelijks aangehouden in de officiële reserves, werd in de internationale handel weinig gebruikt.<sup id="cite_ref-IMFSDR_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFSDR-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en er stonden weinig internationale <a href="/wiki/Obligatie" title="Obligatie">obligaties</a> in uit. </p><p>In december 2015 viel het besluit dat de renminbi tot het mandje van belangrijkste wereldvaluta gaat behoren.<sup id="cite_ref-NRCIMFYUAN_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRCIMFYUAN-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 1 oktober 2016 werd dit besluit effectief en toen kreeg de renminbi in de SDR een gewicht van 10,9%. De belangrijkste munt in de SDR blijft de dollar met 41,7% en de euro met bijna 31%. De <a href="/wiki/Japanse_yen" title="Japanse yen">yen</a> en het Britse pond volgen met elk ruim 8%.<sup id="cite_ref-NRCIMFYUAN_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRCIMFYUAN-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strikt genomen voldoet de renminbi nog niet aan alle officiële criteria: de munt is nog niet volledig vrij verhandelbaar en de Chinese Centrale Bank verstoort de vrije koersvorming van de munt. Verder is ook de vrije in- en uitstroom van de munt uit China nog beperkt.<sup id="cite_ref-NRCIMFYUAN_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRCIMFYUAN-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De opname in de SDR zal de internationale status van renminbi, ook als <a href="/wiki/Reservemunt" title="Reservemunt">reservemunt</a>, sterk verhogen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bloomberg <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/USDCNH:CUR">Waarde offshore yuan vs dollar (CNH)</a></li> <li>Bloomberg <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/USDCNY:CUR">waarde onshore yuan vs dollar (CNY)</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Duits">(<span>de</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Frans">(<span>fr</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/China-B-En.htm">Yuan Renminbi - Historische en actuele bankbiljetten van China (CNY / RMB) 1953-2019</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901200330/https://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/China-B-En.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2019-09-01">1 september 2019</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2019-11-06">6 november 2019</span>. </span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Duits">(<span>de</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Frans">(<span>fr</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/China-X-B-En.htm">Yuan FEC - Deviezencertificaten (FEC) van de Volksrepubliek China 1980-1994</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604120241/https://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/China-X-B-En.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-06-04">4 juni 2023</span>. </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_renminbi&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_valuta_van_Tibet" title="Geschiedenis van de valuta van Tibet">Geschiedenis van de valuta van Tibet</a></li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_renminbi#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chinese renminbi">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Money_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Money of the People's Republic of China">Money of the People's Republic of China</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Voetnoten</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vraag-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-vraag_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vraag_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2016"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">dr. Albrecht Heeffer</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ikhebeenvraag.be/vraag/38053/Welk-land-voerde-als-eerste-het-decimale-stelsel-voor-zijn-valuta-in">Welk land voerde als eerste het decimale stelsel voor zijn valuta in?</a> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-05-24">24 mei 2016</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630094009/https://www.ikhebeenvraag.be/vraag/38053/Welk-land-voerde-als-eerste-het-decimale-stelsel-voor-zijn-valuta-in">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-06-30">30 juni 2016</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-06-06">6 juni 2016</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRCYUAN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NRCYUAN_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRCYUAN_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">NRC Handelsblad <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vorige.nrc.nl/krant/article1862904.ece">Is het de schuld van China, 2 mei 2005</a>, geraadpleegd op 9 augustus 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208080225/http://vorige.nrc.nl/krant/article1862904.ece">Gearchiveerd</a> op 8 december 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FASYUAN-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FASYUAN_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FASYUAN_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FASYUAN_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> FAS-Congressional Research Service <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS21625.pdf">China's Currency Policy: An Analysis of the Economic Issues, 22 juli 2013</a>, geraadpleegd op 9 augustus 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VKYDEV-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-VKYDEV_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VKYDEV_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Volkskrant <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/economie/verrassende-devaluatie-yuan-om-export-te-stimuleren~a4118307/">Verrassende devaluatie yuan om export te stimuleren, 11 augustus 2015</a>, geraadpleegd op 13 augustus 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATYDEV-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LATYDEV_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> Los Angeles Times <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-china-devalues-yuan-20150811-htmlstory.html">Why China's devaluation of the yuan matters so much, 12 augustus 2015</a>, geraadpleegd op 13 augustus 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTRENBAS-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTRENBAS_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTRENBAS_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTRENBAS_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTRENBAS_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> New York Times <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/12/business/international/china-to-track-renminbi-based-on-basket-of-currencies.html?_r=0">China to Track Renminbi Based on Basket of Currencies, 11 december 2015</a>, geraadpleegd op 15 december 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRC7-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NRC7_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRC7_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRC7_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">NRC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2019/08/05/de-renminbi-als-chinees-oorlogswapen-a3969180">De renminbi als Chinees oorlogswapen, 5 augustus 2019</a>, geraadpleegd op 6 augustus 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125053907/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2019/08/05/de-renminbi-als-chinees-oorlogswapen-a3969180">Gearchiveerd</a> op 25 januari 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCCHCM-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCCHCM_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCCHCM_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCCHCM_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> BBC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49244702">US officially labels China a 'currency manipulator', 6 augustus 2019</a>, geraadpleegd op 7 augustus 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190826123633/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49244702">Gearchiveerd</a> op 26 augustus 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> China Statistical Yearbook 2023 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/2023/indexeh.htm">Table 18-9: Exchange rate of renminbi (average)</a>, geraadpleegd op 11 januari 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFSDR-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFSDR_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFSDR_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> IMF <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2015/071615.pdf">Review of the Method of the Valuation of the SDR, 3 augustus 2015</a>, geraadpleegd op 6 augustus 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRCIMFYUAN-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NRCIMFYUAN_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRCIMFYUAN_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRCIMFYUAN_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">NRC Handelsblad <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151204025518/http://www.nrc.nl/next/2015/12/01/chinese-munt-mag-eindelijk-meedoen-met-de-grote-jo-1563089">Chinese munt mag eindelijk meedoen met de grote jongens, 1 december 2015</a>, geraadpleegd op 3 december 2015</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto 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