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class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Djoser" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Djoser" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Djoser" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Djoser" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Identitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Identitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Família" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Família"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Família</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Família-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regnat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regnat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regnat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regnat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Regnat</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regnat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tercera_Dinastia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tercera_Dinastia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tercera Dinastia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tercera_Dinastia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Durada_del_regnat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Durada_del_regnat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Durada del regnat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Durada_del_regnat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Període_de_regnat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Període_de_regnat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Període de regnat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Període_de_regnat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expedicions_militars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedicions_militars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Expedicions militars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expedicions_militars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Projectes_de_construcció" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projectes_de_construcció"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Projectes de construcció</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Projectes_de_construcció-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Djoser_i_Imhotep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Djoser_i_Imhotep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Djoser i Imhotep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Djoser_i_Imhotep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tradició_medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradició_medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tradició medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradició_medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tomba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tomba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tomba</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tomba-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Tomba</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tomba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_piràmide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_piràmide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>La piràmide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_piràmide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estructura_subterrània" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estructura_subterrània"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Estructura subterrània</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estructura_subterrània-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estàtua_de_Serdab_de_Djoser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estàtua_de_Serdab_de_Djoser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Estàtua de Serdab de Djoser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estàtua_de_Serdab_de_Djoser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complex_funerari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complex_funerari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Complex funerari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complex_funerari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inscripcions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inscripcions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Inscripcions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inscripcions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia_addicional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia_addicional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografia addicional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia_addicional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Djoser</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 72 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%A8%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%B8%E1%89%B5" title="ነጨሪኸት - amhàric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ነጨሪኸት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhàric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="زوسر - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زوسر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="زوسر - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زوسر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoser" title="Zoser - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zoser" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coser" title="Coser - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Coser" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джосер - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джосер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джосер - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джосер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEozer" title="Džozer - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Džozer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEoser" title="Džoser - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Džoser" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джосер - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джосер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%BF%CE%B6%CE%AD%CF%81" title="Ζοζέρ - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζοζέρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Coser" title="Ĝoser - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝoser" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoser" title="Zoser - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zoser" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEoser" title="Džoser - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Džoser" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="جوزر - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوزر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dj%C3%A9ser" title="Djéser - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Djéser" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deosar" title="Deosar - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Deosar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoser" title="Zoser - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zoser" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8" title="ג'וסר - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'וסר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEozer" title="Džozer - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Džozer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzs%C3%B3szer" title="Dzsószer - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dzsószer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB" title="ジェセル - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェセル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯოსერი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯოსერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%B8%EB%A5%B4" title="조세르 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조세르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87avzer,_%C3%87aldiran" title="Çavzer, Çaldiran - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çavzer, Çaldiran" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosorthros" title="Tosorthros - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tosorthros" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEoseras" title="Džoseras - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džoseras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEosers" title="Džosers - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džosers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Џосер - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џосер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dj%C3%B2ser" title="Djòser - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Djòser" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BCeser" title="Dżeser - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dżeser" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джосер - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джосер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEozer" title="Džozer - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Džozer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEoser" title="Džoser - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Džoser" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEoser" title="Džoser - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Džoser" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Џосер - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џосер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜோசெர் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜோசெர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟาโรห์โจเซอร์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟาโรห์โจเซอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoser" title="Zoser - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zoser" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джосер - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джосер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="زوسر - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زوسر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="左塞尔 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="左塞尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯოსერი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯოსერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="左塞尔 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="左塞尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Djoser" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B2%99" title="左沙 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="左沙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q174367#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Djoser" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Djoser"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Djoser"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Djoser" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Djoser" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&oldid=34113040" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Djoser&id=34113040&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDjoser"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDjoser"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Djoser"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Djoser&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Djoser" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q174367" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33733479">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titleclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle_pharaon{color:#202122;background-color:#f1f1de}.mw-parser-output .infobox_aboveclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{color:#202122;background-color:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;text-align:start}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox_center_BG{text-align:center;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_coa{padding-top:0.3em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#3C7790}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33733479"> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titleclass" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula persona"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula persona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></span><span class="fn">Djoser</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Djoser_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Djoser_statue.jpg/225px-Djoser_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Djoser_statue.jpg/337px-Djoser_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Djoser_statue.jpg/450px-Djoser_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="667" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Biografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Naixement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">segle <span style="font-variant:small-caps; text-transform:lowercase;">XXVIII</span> aC <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P569" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mort</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">segle <span style="font-variant:small-caps; text-transform:lowercase;">XXVII</span> aC <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P570" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Sepultura</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A0mide_esglaonada_de_Djoser" title="Piràmide esglaonada de Djoser">piràmide esglaonada de Djoser</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P119" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_center_BG"> <a href="/wiki/Fara%C3%B3" title="Faraó">Faraó</a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <br />← <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemui" title="Khasekhemui">Khasekhemui</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a> → </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_center_BG"> 2n <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110643371" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q110643371">Faraó de la dinastia III</a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <br />← <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemui" title="Khasekhemui">Khasekhemui</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a> → </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_center_BG"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110518305" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q110518305">Faraons de Regne Antic d'Egipte</a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P39" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="font-weight:bold; infobox_titlestyle_pharaon"><b>Titulatura dels faraons</b></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_center_BG"><a href="/wiki/Nom_d%27Horus" title="Nom d'Horus">nom d'Horus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:start;"><center><span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P7383" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:10px;"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:4px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G5.png?bcb90" height="38" title="G5" alt="G5" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td height="48px" width="2px" bgcolor="black"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" bgcolor="black"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="46" style="padding:0 5px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R8.png?c3d74" height="38" title="R8" alt="R8" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21" alt="D21" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F32.png?f0316" height="9" title="F32" alt="F32" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" bgcolor="black"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/50px-Srxtail2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/75px-Srxtail2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/100px-Srxtail2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></center></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Activitat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ocupació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q372436" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q372436">estadista</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P106" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Període</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Regne_Antic_d%27Egipte" title="Regne Antic d'Egipte">Regne Antic d'Egipte</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_III_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia III d'Egipte">Dinastia III d'Egipte</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P2348" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Altres</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Títol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Fara%C3%B3" title="Faraó">Faraó</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P97" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Família</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_III_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia III d'Egipte">Dinastia III d'Egipte</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P53" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Cònjuge</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Hetephernebti" title="Hetephernebti">Hetephernebti</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P26" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Fills</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Inetkaes" title="Inetkaes">Inetkaes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P40" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Pares</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemui" title="Khasekhemui">Khasekhemui</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P22" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>  i <a href="/wiki/Nimaathap" title="Nimaathap">Nimaathap</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P25" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Germans</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Hetephernebti" title="Hetephernebti">Hetephernebti</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#P3373" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40974185" title="Find a Grave: 40974185" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Find a Grave: 40974185" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/22px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/33px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/44px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174367?uselang=ca#identifiers" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Djoser</b>, <b>Djeser</b> o <b>Netjerikhet</b> fou un faraó de la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia III">dinastia III</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Antic_Egipte" title="Antic Egipte">antic Egipte</a>. El seu nom <i>Nesut-biti</i> fou <b>Sesen</b> i és el <b>Soiphis</b> de <a href="/wiki/Maneth%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Manethó">Manethó</a>. El seu <a href="/wiki/Nom_d%27Horus" title="Nom d'Horus">nom d'Horus</a> fou <b>Sa</b>. Se n'han trobat molt poques restes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identitat">Identitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Identitat"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Abydos_KL_03-02_n16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Abydos_KL_03-02_n16.jpg/220px-Abydos_KL_03-02_n16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Abydos_KL_03-02_n16.jpg/330px-Abydos_KL_03-02_n16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Abydos_KL_03-02_n16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption> Nom del cartutx...<i>djeser-sah</i> a la llista de reis d'Abydos. Observeu la part superior del <a href="/wiki/Cartutx_egipci" title="Cartutx egipci">cartutx</a>, que mostra signes de jeroglífics esborrats.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'estàtua <a href="/wiki/Pedra_calc%C3%A0ria" title="Pedra calcària">de pedra calcària</a> pintada de Djoser, ara al <a href="/wiki/Museu_d%27Antiguitats_Eg%C3%ADpcies" title="Museu d'Antiguitats Egípcies">Museu Egipci</a> del <a href="/wiki/El_Caire" title="El Caire">Caire</a>, és l'estàtua egípcia de mida natural més antiga coneguda. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerrett1996265_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerrett1996265-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avui, al lloc de <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a> on es va trobar, han posat una còpia en guix en lloc de l'original. L'estàtua va ser descoberta durant les excavacions del <a href="/wiki/Consell_Suprem_d%27Antiguitats" title="Consell Suprem d'Antiguitats">Servei d'Antiguitats</a> de 1924-1925. </p><p>En les inscripcions contemporànies, s'anomena pel seu <a href="/wiki/Nom_d%27Horus" title="Nom d'Horus">nom d'Horus</a> <i>Netjerikhet</i>, que significa <i>diví del cos</i>. Fonts posteriors, que inclouen una referència <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Nou_d%27Egipte" title="Imperi Nou d'Egipte">del Nou Regne</a> a la construcció, ajuden a confirmar que Netjerikhet i Djoser són la mateixa persona. </p><p>Mentre que Manetó anomena <i>Necherophes</i> i la llista de reis de Torí anomena <a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a> com el primer governant de la Tercera Dinastia, molts <a href="/wiki/Egiptologia" title="Egiptologia">egiptòlegs</a> creuen ara que Djoser va ser el primer rei d'aquesta <a href="/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia">dinastia</a>, assenyalen que l'ordre en què s'esmenten alguns predecessors de <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A8ops" title="Quèops">Quèops</a> al <a href="/wiki/Papir_Westcar" title="Papir Westcar">Papir Westcar</a> suggereix Nebka s'ha de col·locar entre Djoser i <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a>, no abans de Djoser. Més significativament, l'egiptòleg anglès Toby Wilkinson ha demostrat que els segells d'enterrament trobats a l'entrada de la tomba de <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemui" title="Khasekhemui">Khasekhemui</a> a <a href="/wiki/Abidos" title="Abidos">Abidos</a> només diuen Djoser, en lloc de Nebka. Això dona suport a l'opinió que va ser Djoser qui va enterrar i, per tant, va succeir directament a Khasekhemwy, en lloc de Nebka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200183_&_95_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200183_&_95-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El seu nom està escrit tres vegades: a <a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">serekhs</a> en gerres de pedra trobades a les galeries de <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a> del complex de <b>Djoser</b>, explorat per <a href="/wiki/Zakaria_Goneim" title="Zakaria Goneim">Zakaria Goneim</a> durant la dècada de 1950. Swelim pensa que va poder regnar una vintena d'anys. Se l'esmenta a la <a href="/wiki/Llista_d%27Abidos" title="Llista d'Abidos">llista d'Abidos</a> i al <a href="/wiki/Papir_de_Tor%C3%AD" title="Papir de Torí">Papir de Torí</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Família"><span id="Fam.C3.ADlia"></span>Família</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Família"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Djoser està vinculat a <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemui" title="Khasekhemui">Khasekhemui</a>, l'últim rei de la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_II_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia II d'Egipte">Segona Dinastia d'Egipte</a>, a través de la seva dona, la reina <a href="/wiki/Nimaathap" title="Nimaathap">Nimaathap</a> (Nimaat-hap) mitjançant segells trobats a la tomba de Khasekhemui i a <a href="/wiki/Beit_Khallaf" title="Beit Khallaf">Beit Khallaf</a>. El segell d'Abydos anomena Nimaat-hap com la <i>mare dels fills del rei, Nimaat-hap</i>. A la mastaba K1 de Beit Khallaf, la mateixa persona s'esmenta com la <i>mare del rei dual</i>. La datació d'altres segells al lloc de Beit Khallaf els situa al regnat de Djoser. Aquesta evidència suggereix que Khasekhemui és el pare directe de Djoser o que Nimaat-hap el va tenir a través d'un marit anterior. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200179_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200179-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'egiptòleg alemany Gunter Dreyer va trobar els segells de Djoser a la tomba de Khasekhemui, suggerint a més que Djoser era el successor directe de Khasekhemwy i que va acabar la construcció de la tomba. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBard2015140_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBard2015140-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El seu culte sembla haver estat encara actiu durant el regnat posterior de <a href="/wiki/Snefru" title="Snefru">Snefru</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hetephernebti" title="Hetephernebti">Hetephernebti</a> s'identifica com una de les reines de Djoser <i>en una sèrie d'esteles de límit del recinte de la Piràmide Esglaonada (ara en diversos museus) i un fragment de relleu d'un edifici d'Hermòpolis</i> actualment al museu egipci de Torí. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200448_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200448-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Inetkaes" title="Inetkaes">Inetkaes</a> era la seva única filla coneguda pel seu nom. També hi va haver una tercera dona reial certificada durant el regnat de Djoser, però el seu nom és destruït. La relació entre Djoser i el seu successor, <a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a>, no es coneix, i la data de la seva mort és incerta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regnat">Regnat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Regnat"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tercera_Dinastia">Tercera Dinastia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Tercera Dinastia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les terres de l'Alt i el Baix Egipte es van unir en un sol regne cap al 2686 aC. El període posterior a la unificació de les corones va ser un període de prosperitat, marcat per l'inici de la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_III_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia III d'Egipte">Tercera Dinastia</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Regne_Antic_d%27Egipte" title="Regne Antic d'Egipte">Regne Antic d'Egipte</a>. La identitat exacta del fundador de la dinastia és un tema de debat, a causa del caràcter fragmentari dels registres de l'època. Djoser és un dels principals candidats per al fundador de la Tercera Dinastia. Altres candidats són <a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a>. Complicant encara més les coses hi ha la possibilitat que Nebka i Sanakht es refereixin a la mateixa persona.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200115_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200115-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'egiptòleg Toby Wilkinson creu que el pes de les proves arqueològiques afavoreix a Djoser (Netjerikhet) com a successor de Khasekhemwy i, per tant, fundador de la Tercera Dinastia. Un segell de la tomba de Khasekhemwy a Abydos, en combinació amb un segell de mastaba K1 a Beit Khallaf datat del regnat de Djoser, uneix els dos faraons com a pare i fill respectivament. El segell d'Abydos anomena un 'Nimaat-hap' com la mare dels fills de Khasekhemwy, mentre que l'altre segell de Beit Khallaf anomena la mateixa persona com la <i>mare del rei dual</i>. A Shunet et-Zebib es troben més proves arqueològiques que uneixen els regnats dels dos faraons, que suggereixen que Djoser va supervisar l'enterrament del seu predecessor. Els vasos de pedra rituals trobats als llocs de les tombes – tomba de Khasekhemwy a Abydos i la tomba de Djoser a – dels dos faraons també semblen provenir de la mateixa col·lecció, ja que mostres d'ambdós llocs contenen imatges idèntiques del déu Min. Aquesta evidència arqueològica es complementa amb almenys una font històrica, la llista del rei de Saqqara, que anomena Djoser com el successor immediat de Beby – una lectura errònia de Khasekhemwy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200179_&_81_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200179_&_81-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Durada_del_regnat">Durada del regnat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Durada del regnat"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:S10.08_Sakkara,_image_9638.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9638.jpg/220px-S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9638.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9638.jpg/330px-S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9638.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9638.jpg/440px-S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9638.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2900" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption> Piràmide esglaonada de Djoser, fotografia antiga</figcaption></figure> <p>Manetho afirma que Djoser va governar Egipte durant vint-i-nou anys, mentre que la Llista del Rei de Torí afirma que només van ser dinou anys. A causa dels seus nombrosos projectes de construcció, especialment a Saqqara, alguns estudiosos argumenten que Djoser devia gaudir d'un regnat de gairebé tres dècades. La figura de Manetho sembla ser més precisa, segons l'anàlisi i reconstrucció de Wilkinson dels Royal Annals. Wilkinson reconstrueix els Annals donant a Djoser <i>28 anys complets o parcials</i>, assenyalant que els recomptes de bestiar registrats al registre <a href="/wiki/Pedra_de_Palerm" title="Pedra de Palerm">de pedra de Palerm</a> V, i <i>el fragment 1 del Caire</i>, registre V, per al començament i el final del regnat de Djoser, molt probablement indicarien el seu regnat els anys 1-5 i 19-28. L’any de la coronació es conserva, seguit dels esdeveniments de l'any <i>que reben els pilars bessons</i> i <i>s'estiren les cordes per a la fortalesa Qau-Netjerw («turons dels déus»)</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200079_&_258_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200079_&_258-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Període_de_regnat"><span id="Per.C3.ADode_de_regnat"></span>Període de regnat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Període de regnat"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diverses fonts proporcionen diverses dates per al regnat de Djoser. El professor d'història del Pròxim Orient antic <a href="/wiki/Marc_Van_de_Mieroop" title="Marc Van de Mieroop">Marc Van de Mieroop</a> data el regnat de Djoser entre el 2686 aC i el 2648 aC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMieroop201055_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMieroop201055-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els autors Joann Fletcher i Michael Rice daten el seu regnat des del 2667 aC fins al 2648 aC donant un període de regnat de 18 anys parcials o complets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher20157_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher20157-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice199950_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice199950-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rice afirma a més que Nebkha era el germà i predecessor de Djoser. L'escriptor Farid Atiya ofereix un període de regnat similar al de Fletcher i Rice, compensat per un sol any – del 2668 aC al 2649 aC. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtiya200630_&_103_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtiya200630_&_103-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquesta datació té el suport dels autors Rosalie i Charles Baker a <i>Ancient Egypt: People of the Pyramids</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200117_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200117-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'egiptòleg Abeer el-Shahawy en associació amb el <a href="/wiki/Museu_d%27Antiguitats_Eg%C3%ADpcies" title="Museu d'Antiguitats Egípcies">Museu Egipci</a> del Caire situa el regnat de Djoser al període de 2687 aC a 2668 aC durant 18 anys parcials o complets similars. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-ShahawyAl-Masri200539_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-ShahawyAl-Masri200539-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'autor Margaret Bunson situa a Djoser com el segon governant de la Tercera Dinastia, i situa el seu regnat al període del 2630 aC al 2611 aC durant 19 anys de regnat parcial o complet. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunson2014103_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunson2014103-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En la seva cronologia, Djoser és precedit per Nebka com a <i>Fundador de la Tercera Dinastia</i>, regnant durant el període 2649 aC al 2630 aC. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunson2014105_&_264_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunson2014105_&_264-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ella, com Rice, fa de Nebka germà de Djoser. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunson2014264_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunson2014264-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expedicions_militars">Expedicions militars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Expedicions militars"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Sehel-steleFamine_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sehel-steleFamine_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Sehel-steleFamine_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sehel-steleFamine_%28cropped%29.jpg/331px-Sehel-steleFamine_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sehel-steleFamine_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Sehel-steleFamine_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="1252" /></a><figcaption> L'estela de la fam, esmentant Djoser.</figcaption></figure> <p>Djoser va enviar diverses expedicions militars a la <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_del_Sina%C3%AD" title="Península del Sinaí">península del Sinaí</a>, durant les quals els habitants locals van ser sotmesos. També hi va enviar expedicions per buscar minerals valuosos com ara <a href="/wiki/Turquesa_(mineral)" title="Turquesa (mineral)">la turquesa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Coure" title="Coure">el coure</a>. Això se sap per les inscripcions trobades al desert, de vegades mostrant la bandera de <a href="/wiki/Set_(d%C3%A9u)" title="Set (déu)">Set</a> al costat dels símbols d’<a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a>, com havia estat més comú sota Khasekhemwy. El Sinaí també era estratègicament important entre la vall <a href="/wiki/Nil" title="Nil">del Nil</a> i Àsia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Projectes_de_construcció"><span id="Projectes_de_construcci.C3.B3"></span>Projectes de construcció</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Projectes de construcció"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El seu monument més famós va ser la seva <a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A0mide_esglaonada" title="Piràmide esglaonada">piràmide esglaonada</a>, que va suposar la construcció de diverses tombes de <a href="/wiki/Mastaba" title="Mastaba">mastaba</a> una sobre l'altra. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtiya2006103_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtiya2006103-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquestes formes eventualment conduirien a la tomba de piràmide estàndard en el posterior <a href="/wiki/Regne_Antic_d%27Egipte" title="Regne Antic d'Egipte">Imperi Antic</a>. Manetó, molts segles més tard, al·ludeix als avenços arquitectònics d'aquest regnat, esmentant que <i>Tosorthros</i> va descobrir com construir amb pedra tallada, a més de ser recordat com el metge <a href="/wiki/Asclepi" title="Asclepi">Asclepi</a>, i per introduir algunes reformes en el sistema d'escriptura. Els estudiosos moderns pensen que Manetó va atribuir originalment (o volia atribuir) aquestes gestes a <i>Imuthes</i>, que més tard va ser divinitzat com <i>Esculapi</i> pels grecs i romans, i que correspon a <a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a>, el famós ministre de Djoser que va dissenyar la construcció de la piràmide esglaonada. </p><p>Alguns relleus fragmentaris trobats a <a href="/wiki/Heli%C3%B2polis_(antic_Egipte)" title="Heliòpolis (antic Egipte)">Heliòpolis</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gebelein" title="Gebelein">Gebelein</a> esmenten el nom de Djoser i suggereixen que va encarregar projectes de construcció en aquestes ciutats. A més, podria haver fixat el límit sud del seu regne a la Primera Cataracta. Una inscripció coneguda com l’Estela de la fam i que afirma que data del regnat de Djoser, però probablement creada durant la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_ptolemaica" title="Dinastia ptolemaica">dinastia ptolemaica</a>, relata com Djoser va reconstruir el temple de <a href="/wiki/Cnum" title="Cnum">Cnum</a> a l'illa d’<a href="/wiki/Elefantina" title="Elefantina">Elefantina</a> a la Primera Cataracta, posant així fi a una fam de set anys a Egipte. Alguns consideren aquesta antiga inscripció com una llegenda en el moment en què es va inscriure. No obstant això, sí que demostra que més de dos mil·lennis després del seu regnat, els egipcis encara recordaven Djoser. </p><p>Tot i que sembla que va començar una tomba inacabada a Abydos (Alt Egipte), Djoser va ser finalment enterrat a la seva piràmide a Saqqara al Baix Egipte. Atès que Khasekhemwy, un faraó de la 2a dinastia, va ser l'últim faraó enterrat a Abydos, alguns egiptòlegs dedueixen que el canvi a una capital més al nord es va completar durant l'època de Djoser. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Djoser_i_Imhotep">Djoser i Imhotep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Djoser i Imhotep"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un dels contemporanis més famosos del rei Djoser va ser el seu <a href="/wiki/Djati" title="Djati">Djati</a> «cap de la <a href="/wiki/Drassana" title="Drassana">drassana</a> reial» i «supervisor de tots els treballs de pedra», <a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a>. Imhotep va supervisar projectes de construcció de pedra com les tombes del rei Djoser i el rei Sekhemkhet. És possible que Imhotep hagi estat esmentat al també famós <a href="/wiki/Papir_Westcar" title="Papir Westcar">Papir Westcar</a>, en una història anomenada <i><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A8ops" title="Quèops">Quèops</a> i els mags</i>. Però com que el papir està molt malmès al principi, avui es perd el nom d'Imhotep. Un papir de l'antic temple egipci de <a href="/wiki/Tebtunis" title="Tebtunis">Tebtunis</a>, que data del segle II dC, conserva una llarga història en l’<a href="/wiki/Alfabet_dem%C3%B2tic" title="Alfabet demòtic">escriptura demòtica</a> sobre Djoser i Imhotep. En temps de Djoser, Imhotep va tenir tanta importància i fama que va ser honrat en ser esmentat a les estàtues del rei Djoser a la seva necròpolis de Saqqara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tradició_medieval"><span id="Tradici.C3.B3_medieval"></span>Tradició medieval</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Tradició medieval"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'historiador egipci <a href="/wiki/An-Nuwayr%C3%AD" title="An-Nuwayrí">An-Nuwayrí</a> (1279 – 1333) va descriure Djoser com <i>un rei que era un savi governant d'Egipte</i> i va afirmar que els <a href="/wiki/Coptes" title="Coptes">coptes</a> feien una festa en honor seu anomenada <i>festa de la vinya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Daly-93_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daly-93-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Nuwayri també va visitar la <a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A0mide_esglaonada_de_Djoser" title="Piràmide esglaonada de Djoser">tomba sud</a> del complex de piràmides de Djoser a <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a>, identificant-la com la tomba de <i>Zosara</i> i descrivint una volta decorada amb <a href="/wiki/Lapisl%C3%A0tzuli" title="Lapislàtzuli">lapislàtzuli</a>, així com un gran pati amb una gran porta <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">de granit</a> inscrita amb 30 línies de <a href="/wiki/Jerogl%C3%ADfic_egipci" title="Jeroglífic egipci">jeroglífics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Daly-93_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daly-93-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'egiptòleg Okasha El-Daly va assenyalar que «les novel·les <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_dem%C3%B2tic" title="Alfabet demòtic">demòtiques</a> dels antics governants egipcis com Zoser, Inaros i <a href="/wiki/Nectabeu_II" title="Nectabeu II">Nectabeu II</a> també es van fer populars a les fonts àrabs medievals, que els mostren com a herois, amb els seus noms i fets ben reconeguts pels escriptors».<sup id="cite_ref-Daly-125_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daly-125-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tomba">Tomba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la secció: Tomba"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Zoser_Pyramid_(2347235367).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Zoser_Pyramid_%282347235367%29.jpg/220px-Zoser_Pyramid_%282347235367%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Zoser_Pyramid_%282347235367%29.jpg/330px-Zoser_Pyramid_%282347235367%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Zoser_Pyramid_%282347235367%29.jpg/440px-Zoser_Pyramid_%282347235367%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2978" data-file-height="1864" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A0mide_esglaonada_de_Djoser" title="Piràmide esglaonada de Djoser">Piràmide esglaonada de Djoser</a> a <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a>, Egipte</figcaption></figure> <p>Djoser va ser enterrat a la seva famosa piràmide esglaonada a Saqqara. Aquesta piràmide es va construir originalment com una <a href="/wiki/Mastaba" title="Mastaba">mastaba</a> gairebé quadrada, però després cinc mastabes més es van apilar literalment una sobre l'altra, cadascuna més petita que l'anterior, fins que el monument es va convertir en la primera piràmide esglaonada d'Egipte. El supervisor de les construccions de l'edifici era el gran sacerdot lector <a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_piràmide"><span id="La_pir.C3.A0mide"></span>La piràmide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la secció: La piràmide"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La piràmide esglaonada està feta de <a href="/wiki/Pedra_calc%C3%A0ria" title="Pedra calcària">pedra calcària</a>. És massiva i només conté un estret passadís que condueix al mig del monument, que acaba en una cambra rugosa on s'amagava l'entrada al pou de la tomba. Aquesta construcció interior es va omplir més tard de runes, perquè ja no servia de res. La piràmide feia 62 metres d'alçada i tenia una mesura de base de 125 × 109 metres. Estava ben cobert de pedra calcària blanca, finament polida. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdès200748_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdès200748-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estructura_subterrània"><span id="Estructura_subterr.C3.A0nia"></span>Estructura subterrània</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la secció: Estructura subterrània"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:S10.08_Sakkara,_image_9629.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9629.jpg/220px-S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9629.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9629.jpg/330px-S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9629.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9629.jpg/440px-S10.08_Sakkara%2C_image_9629.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2795" data-file-height="2082" /></a><figcaption> Columnata oest de la necròpolis de Djoser</figcaption></figure> <p>Sota la piràmide esglaonada, es va excavar un gran laberint de llargs passadissos i cambres. La cambra funerària es troba enmig del complex subterrani; un pou de 28 metres de profunditat que condueix directament des de la superfície fins a la cambra funerària. L'entrada del pou estava segellada amb una pedra de tap amb un pes de 3,5 tones. El laberint funerari subterrani conté quatre galeries de revistes, cadascuna apuntant directament a una direcció cardinal. La galeria oriental contenia tres relleus de pedra calcària que representaven el rei Djoser durant la celebració de l’<a href="/wiki/Heb_Sed" title="Heb Sed">Heb Sed</a> (festa del rejoveniment). Els murs al voltant i entre aquests relleus estaven decorats amb rajoles de faisa blavosa. Es pensava que imitaven estores de canya, com una al·lusió a les aigües mitològiques del submón. Les altres galeries van quedar inacabades. </p><p>Al costat oriental de la piràmide, molt a prop de les cambres blaves, onze eixos funeraris condueixen recte cap avall durant 30-32 metres, i després es desvien en angle recte cap a l'oest. Els eixos I–V es van utilitzar per als enterraments dels membres de la família reial; els pous VI–XI es van utilitzar com a tombes simbòliques per als aixovars dels avantpassats reials de les dinasties I–II. En aquestes galeries es van trobar més de 40.000 recipients, bols i gerros fets amb pedres de diversos tipus. Els noms reials com els dels reis <a href="/wiki/Den" title="Den">Den</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninetjer" title="Ninetjer">Ninetjer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sekhemib" title="Sekhemib">Sekhemib</a> van ser incisos als pots. Ara es creu que Djoser va restaurar una vegada les tombes originals dels avantpassats, i després va segellar els objectes funeraris a les galeries per intentar salvar-los. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estàtua_de_Serdab_de_Djoser"><span id="Est.C3.A0tua_de_Serdab_de_Djoser"></span>Estàtua de Serdab de Djoser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la secció: Estàtua de Serdab de Djoser"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Djoser_running.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Djoser_running.png/220px-Djoser_running.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Djoser_running.png/330px-Djoser_running.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Djoser_running.png/440px-Djoser_running.png 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption> El rei Djoser corrent per a la celebració de Heb Sed (relleu de les galeries subterrànies)</figcaption></figure> <p>L'estàtua de Djoser està emmurallada al serdab. L'objectiu principal de l'estàtua era permetre que el rei es manifestés i pogués veure els rituals realitzats dins i fora del serdab. Aquesta estàtua pintada està arrebossada i feta de pedra calcària. Cada característica de l'estàtua representa alguna cosa, la perruca tripartida estriada que porta l'assimila al món viu com un rei mort. El drap del cap ratllat que cobreix la perruca s'utilitzava per cobrir tot el seu cabell. Aquest era un ritual que van començar a ser utilitzats pels reis de la IV dinastia. El cos està embolicat sota una túnica llarga, se li col·loquen les mans d'una manera específica. El seu braç dret es mostra horitzontalment al pit mentre el seu braç esquerre es recolza a la cuixa. La col·locació dels seus braços és una semblança al seient de Khasekhem. {Sfn|Robins|2014|p=44}} <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200117–19_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200117–19-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Una de les representacions més antigues dels <a href="/wiki/Nou_arcs" title="Nou arcs">nou arcs</a>, i la primera representació dels nou arcs completament desenvolupades, es troba a l'estàtua assegut del faraó Djoser. Els seus peus descansen sobre part dels nou arcs, que potser es referien als <a href="/wiki/Nubians" title="Nubians">nubians</a> durant el seu regnat a causa del seu ús d'arcs i fletxes. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoo2012Bestock2017_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoo2012Bestock2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complex_funerari">Complex funerari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la secció: Complex funerari"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Djoser-pavillon-sud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Djoser-pavillon-sud.jpg/220px-Djoser-pavillon-sud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Djoser-pavillon-sud.jpg/330px-Djoser-pavillon-sud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Djoser-pavillon-sud.jpg/440px-Djoser-pavillon-sud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="4766" /></a><figcaption> Vista aèria del complex funerari del rei Djoser</figcaption></figure> <p>El conjunt funerari és el primer projecte arquitectònic que es va construir totalment en pedra. Aquest complex tenia catorze entrades però només una era funcional. Està format per la Gran Cort Sud i la Cort Nord d'Heb sed amb la piràmide esglaonada de Djoser al centre. El conjunt està tancat per un mur de pedra de 10,5 metres d'alçada, anomenat mur de tancament. Juntament amb les corts principals hi ha una entrada <a href="/wiki/Columnata" title="Columnata">de la columnata</a> coberta situada dins del pati sud i una cambra <a href="/wiki/Serdab" title="Serdab">de Serdab</a> que conté l'estàtua asseguda del rei Djoser. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobins201440–44_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobins201440–44-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inscripcions">Inscripcions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la secció: Inscripcions"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Del seu regne, es coneixen uns quants alts dignataris dels quals s'han trobat inscripcions a <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a> i a l'Alt Egipte. El més conegut és <a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a>, considerat el primer arquitecte conegut, inventor i constructor de la <a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A0mide_esglaonada_de_Djoser" title="Piràmide esglaonada de Djoser">piràmide esglaonada</a>, i canceller del regne (que fou deïficat més tard pels seus avenços en medicina). El que en dona més informació és Hesira. </p><p>La seva obra principal és el complex funerari culminat per la <a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A0mide_esglaonada_de_Djoser" title="Piràmide esglaonada de Djoser">piràmide esglaonada</a>. Fou excavat principalment per Segato, <a href="/wiki/John_Shae_Perring" title="John Shae Perring">Perring</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brugsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brugsch (encara no existeix)">Brugsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lepsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepsius">Lepsius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Lauer" title="Jean-Philippe Lauer">Firth</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Quibell" title="James Quibell">Quibell</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Lauer" title="Jean-Philippe Lauer">Lauer</a>. El monument és una ofrena funerària al rei difunt. El complex té una paret que l'envolta, que sembla la paret d'un palau, a l'estil dels fortins de <a href="/wiki/Hierac%C3%B2mpolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieracòmpolis">Hieracòmpolis</a>. La piràmide té sis esglaons. </p><p>Només es coneix de moment un bol que porti el <i>serekh</i> d'<i>Horus</i> Netjerikhet. Uns relleus del complex el mostren celebrant rituals envoltat de símbols màgics i geogràfics i jeroglífics que no poden ser interpretats. Uns altres relleus del rei han estat trobats a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horbeit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horbeit (encara no existeix)">Horbeit</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shednu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shednu (encara no existeix)">Shednu</a>, capital del <a href="/wiki/Nom%C3%B3s" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomós">nomós</a> XI del <a href="/wiki/Baix_Egipte" title="Baix Egipte">Baix Egipte</a>). A les ruïnes del temple d'<a href="/wiki/Heli%C3%B2polis_(antic_Egipte)" title="Heliòpolis (antic Egipte)">Heliòpolis</a>, es van trobar unes plaques de pedra amb els noms d'Intkaes i Hotephernebti que, junt amb una tercera, apareixen prop del rei i són esmentades com a filla (Sat Nesut) i dona Wrt Hts/Maa Hrw. Una altra dona, de nom possiblement Njankh-Hathor, podria ser la mare Njmaathapi. </p><p>Una inscripció del període ptolemaic a l'illa <a href="/wiki/Sehel" title="Sehel">Sehel</a> representa també el faraó pregant a la tríada de déus del lloc, amb <a href="/wiki/Knum" class="mw-redirect" title="Knum">Knum</a> al capdavant. Aquí és anomenat pels seus dos noms principals, Netjerikhet (o <i>Netherihet</i>) i Djoser. Un gravat en pedra més anterior (el nou Regne) esmentava el nom de Djoser, però no el de Netjerikhet, que potser fou el nom de naixença. Un altre monument, l'estàtua de Sesostris II, té un cartutx del rei a la base. </p><p>També va deixar inscripcions a <a href="/wiki/Maghara" title="Maghara">Maghara</a>, al Sinaí (on hi ha inscripcions també de <a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a> i reis posteriors). </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Pedra_de_Palerm" title="Pedra de Palerm">pedra de Palerm</a> esmenta els cinc primers anys de regnat (la resta està deteriorada): </p> <ul><li>Any I: apareix el rei de l'Alt Egipte i del Baix Egipte, unió de les dues terres; carrera a la paret al voltant del recinte.</li> <li>Any II: apareix el rei de l'Alt i Baix Egipte; pas dels ibs del rei de l'Alt Egipte pels dos snti o snuti (pilars o esteles).</li> <li>Any III: seguidors d'Horus; naixement de l'estàtua de Min.</li> <li>Any IV: apareix el rei de l'Alt i Baix Egipte i estira les cordes (participa en el festival) pel Qbh Ntrw; fundació del recinte oriental.</li> <li>Any V: Shemsu Hor; Dj.....(festa de Djet?).</li></ul> <p>El segell de Djoser ha estat trobat, a part de les mastabes <a href="/wiki/K1" class="mw-redirect" title="K1">K1</a>, <a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">K2</a>, <a href="/wiki/K3" title="K3">K3</a>, <a href="/wiki/K4" class="mw-redirect" title="K4">K4</a> i <a href="/wiki/K5" class="mw-redirect" title="K5">K5</a> on se n'han trobat 16, 1, 3, 1 i 8, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shunet_ez-_Zebib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shunet ez- Zebib (encara no existeix)">Shunet ez- Zebib</a> (Abidos), a <a href="/wiki/Maghara" title="Maghara">Maghara</a>, a les mastabes de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mereri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mereri (encara no existeix)">Mereri</a> a <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a> (1 a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=S3518&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S3518 (encara no existeix)">S3518</a>, 1 a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2305&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2305 (encara no existeix)">S2305</a> i 1 a la tomba <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2405&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2405 (encara no existeix)">S2405</a> d'Heisra) i a la piràmide esglaonada de Sekhemkhet. A la tomba de <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemui" title="Khasekhemui">Khasekhemui</a>, també es van trobar i això es va interpretar com que Djoser va dirigir les cerimònies funeràries pel seu pare (?) Khasekhemui. </p><p>El seu regne va tenir una durada, segons <a href="/wiki/Maneth%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Manethó">Manethó</a>, de 16 anys. Si el <a href="/wiki/Papir_de_Tor%C3%AD" title="Papir de Torí">papir de Torí</a> l'esmenta com a <b>Djoserti</b>, parla de 19 anys. Ambdues semblarien durades curtes per a tanta obra. </p><p>Semblava que les seves restes havien estat identificades, però la <a href="/wiki/Dataci%C3%B3_basada_en_el_carboni_14" title="Datació basada en el carboni 14">prova del carboni 14</a>, de moment, deixa aquesta possibilitat en dubte. Els egiptòlegs, encara que les proves demostressin que es tracta de restes del període de la dinastia III, ja no creuen que puguin pertànyer a Djoser. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHawkes1974"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hawkes</span>, Jacquetta. <a href="/w/index.php?title=McGraw-Hill_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McGraw-Hill Education (encara no existeix)">McGraw-Hill Book Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlasofancientar00hawk/page/149"><i>Atlas of Ancient Archaeology</i></a>, 1974, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlasofancientar00hawk/page/149">149</a>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-07-027293-X" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-07-027293-X">ISBN 0-07-027293-X</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Ancient+Archaeology&rft.aulast=Hawkes&rft.aufirst=Jacquetta&rft.date=1974&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatlasofancientar00hawk%2Fpage%2F149+149%5D&rft.isbn=0-07-027293-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatlasofancientar00hawk%2Fpage%2F149"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerrett1996265-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerrett1996265_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerrett1996">Berrett, 1996</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200183_&_95-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200183_&_95_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2001">Wilkinson, 2001</a>, p. 83 & 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200179-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200179_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2001">Wilkinson, 2001</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBard2015140-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBard2015140_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBard2015">Bard, 2015</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200448-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200448_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodsonHilton2004">Dodson i Hilton, 2004</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200115-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200115_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBakerBaker2001">Baker i Baker, 2001</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200179_&_81-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200179_&_81_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2001">Wilkinson, 2001</a>, p. 79 & 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200079_&_258-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200079_&_258_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2000">Wilkinson, 2000</a>, p. 79 & 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMieroop201055-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMieroop201055_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMieroop2010">Mieroop, 2010</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher20157-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher20157_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFletcher2015">Fletcher, 2015</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice199950-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice199950_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRice1999">Rice, 1999</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtiya200630_&_103-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtiya200630_&_103_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtiya2006">Atiya, 2006</a>, p. 30 & 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200117-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200117_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBakerBaker2001">Baker i Baker, 2001</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-ShahawyAl-Masri200539-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-ShahawyAl-Masri200539_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEl-ShahawyAl-Masri2005">El-Shahawy i Al-Masri, 2005</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunson2014103-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunson2014103_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBunson2014">Bunson, 2014</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunson2014105_&_264-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunson2014105_&_264_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBunson2014">Bunson, 2014</a>, p. 105 & 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunson2014264-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunson2014264_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBunson2014">Bunson, 2014</a>, p. 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtiya2006103-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtiya2006103_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtiya2006">Atiya, 2006</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daly-93-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Daly-93_20-0">20,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Daly-93_20-1">20,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFOkasha_El-Daly2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Okasha El-Daly</span>. <i>Egyptology: The Missing Millennium</i>.  Londres: UCL Press, 2005, p. 93.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptology%3A+The+Missing+Millennium&rft.aulast=Okasha+El-Daly&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=UCL+Press&rft.place=Londres&rft.pages=93"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daly-125-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Daly-125_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFOkasha_El-Daly2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Okasha El-Daly</span>. <i>Egyptology: The Missing Millennium</i>.  Londres: UCL Press, 2005, p. 125.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptology%3A+The+Missing+Millennium&rft.aulast=Okasha+El-Daly&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=UCL+Press&rft.place=Londres&rft.pages=125"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdès200748-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdès200748_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdès2007">Adès, 2007</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200117–19-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakerBaker200117–19_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBakerBaker2001">Baker i Baker, 2001</a>, p. 17–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoo2012Bestock2017-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoo2012Bestock2017_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFPoo2012">Poo 2012</a> ; <a href="#CITEREFBestock2017">Bestock 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobins201440–44-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobins201440–44_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobins2014">Robins, 2014</a>, p. 40–44.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia_addicional">Bibliografia addicional</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoser&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia addicional"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="refbegin" style="margin-left:1.5em;-moz-column-count:30em; -webkit-column-count:30em; column-count:30em;"> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHawkes1974"><a href="/wiki/Jacquetta_Hawkes" title="Jacquetta Hawkes"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hawkes</span>, Jacquetta</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=McGraw-Hill_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McGraw-Hill Education (encara no existeix)">McGraw-Hill Book Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlasofancientar00hawk/page/149"><i>Atlas of Ancient Archaeology</i></a>, 1974, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlasofancientar00hawk/page/149">149</a>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-07-027293-X" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-07-027293-X">ISBN 0-07-027293-X</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Ancient+Archaeology&rft.aulast=Hawkes&rft.aufirst=Jacquetta&rft.date=1974&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatlasofancientar00hawk%2Fpage%2F149+149%5D&rft.isbn=0-07-027293-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatlasofancientar00hawk%2Fpage%2F149"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFШо2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Шо</span>, Ијан. Clio. <i>Оксфордска историја старог Египта1</i>, 2004. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-86-7102-137-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-86-7102-137-1">ISBN 978-86-7102-137-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B01&rft.aulast=%D0%A8%D0%BE&rft.aufirst=%D0%98%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-86-7102-137-1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAdès2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Adès</span>, Harry. Interlink Books. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=aDXWWroHt2kC"><i>A Traveller's History of Egypt</i></a>, 2007. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-566-56654-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-566-56654-4">ISBN 978-1-566-56654-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Traveller%27s+History+of+Egypt&rft.aulast=Ad%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-566-56654-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaDXWWroHt2kC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAtiya2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Atiya</span>, Farid. American University in Cairo Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=lEBiDW0JyyQC"><i>Ancient Egypt</i></a>, 2006, p. 104–11. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/977-17-3634-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/977-17-3634-5">ISBN 977-17-3634-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egypt&rft.aulast=Atiya&rft.aufirst=Farid&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=104%E2%80%9311&rft.isbn=977-17-3634-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlEBiDW0JyyQC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBakerBaker2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Baker</span>, Rosalie; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Baker</span>, Charles. Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientegyptians0000bake"><i>Ancient Egyptians: People of the Pyramids</i></a>, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientegyptians0000bake/page/15">15</a>–19. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-195-12221-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-195-12221-6">ISBN 0-195-12221-6</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptians%3A+People+of+the+Pyramids&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Rosalie&rft.date=2001&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancientegyptians0000bake%2Fpage%2F15+15%5D%E2%80%9319&rft.isbn=0-195-12221-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancientegyptians0000bake"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBard2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bard</span>, Kathryn. John Wiley & Sons. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_2901405111484/page/140"><i>An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt</i></a>, 2015, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_2901405111484/page/140">140–145</a>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-118-89611-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-118-89611-2">ISBN 978-1-118-89611-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Archaeology+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.aulast=Bard&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_2901405111484%2Fpage%2F140+140%E2%80%93145%5D&rft.isbn=978-1-118-89611-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_2901405111484%2Fpage%2F140"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBerrett1._4._1996."><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Berrett</span>, LaMar C. Cedar Fort. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=GzWS9al8ZUEC&pg=PA265"><i>Discovering the World of the Bible</i></a>, 1. 4. 1996.. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-910523-52-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-910523-52-3">ISBN 978-0-910523-52-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+the+World+of+the+Bible&rft.aulast=Berrett&rft.aufirst=LaMar+C.&rft.date=1.+4.+1996.&rft.isbn=978-0-910523-52-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGzWS9al8ZUEC%26pg%3DPA265"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBestock2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bestock</span>, Laurel. Routledge. <i>Violence and power in ancient Egypt: Image and Ideology Before the New Kingdom</i>, 2017. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780367878542" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780367878542">ISBN 9780367878542</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Violence+and+power+in+ancient+Egypt%3A+Image+and+Ideology+Before+the+New+Kingdom&rft.aulast=Bestock&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft.date=2017&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.isbn=9780367878542"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBrock2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Brock</span>, Lyla Pinch. American University in Cairo Press. <i>Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-first Century: Proceedings of the Eight International Congress of Egyptologists, Volume 2</i>, 2003, p. 215–220. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9-774-24714-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9-774-24714-0">ISBN 9-774-24714-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptology+at+the+Dawn+of+the+Twenty-first+Century%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Eight+International+Congress+of+Egyptologists%2C+Volume+2&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=Lyla+Pinch&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=215%E2%80%93220&rft.isbn=9-774-24714-0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBunson2014"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bunson</span>, Margaret. Infobase Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=-6EJ0G-4jyoC"><i>Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egypt</i></a>, 2014, p. 103. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-438-10997-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-438-10997-8">ISBN 978-1-438-10997-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.aulast=Bunson&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=103&rft.isbn=978-1-438-10997-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-6EJ0G-4jyoC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDieter2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dieter</span>, Arnold. I.B.Tauris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/templesofancient0000unse_u2c0"><i>Temples of Ancient Egypt</i></a>, 2005, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/templesofancient0000unse_u2c0/page/40">40</a>–47. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/1-850-43945-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/1-850-43945-1">ISBN 1-850-43945-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temples+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.aulast=Dieter&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftemplesofancient0000unse_u2c0%2Fpage%2F40+40%5D%E2%80%9347&rft.isbn=1-850-43945-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftemplesofancient0000unse_u2c0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDodsonHilton2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dodson</span>, Aiden; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hilton</span>, Dyan. Thames & Hudson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=P7CpQgAACAAJ"><i>The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt</i></a>, 2004. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-500-05128-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-500-05128-3">ISBN 0-500-05128-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.aulast=Dodson&rft.aufirst=Aiden&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-500-05128-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP7CpQgAACAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFEdwardsGaddHammond1971"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Edwards</span>, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gadd</span>, Cyril John; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hammond</span>, Nicholas Geoffrey Lampiere. Cambridge University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgeancient1971edwa"><i>The Cambridge Ancient History</i></a>, 1971, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgeancient1971edwa/page/145">145</a>–169. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-521-07791-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-521-07791-5">ISBN 0-521-07791-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Iorwerth+Eiddon+Stephen&rft.date=1971&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgeancient1971edwa%2Fpage%2F145+145%5D%E2%80%93169&rft.isbn=0-521-07791-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgeancient1971edwa"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFEl-ShahawyAl-Masri2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">El-Shahawy</span>, Abeer; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Al-Masri</span>, Mathaf. American University in Cairo Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=cAyjwKyoHiEC"><i>The Egyptian Museum in Cairo</i></a>, 2005, p. 39. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9-771-72183-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9-771-72183-6">ISBN 9-771-72183-6</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Egyptian+Museum+in+Cairo&rft.aulast=El-Shahawy&rft.aufirst=Abeer&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=39&rft.isbn=9-771-72183-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcAyjwKyoHiEC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240723042758/https://books.google.cat/books?id=cAyjwKyoHiEC">Arxivat</a> 2024-07-23 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFletcher2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Fletcher</span>, Joann. Hachette UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=MwXABQAAQBAJ"><i>The Story of Egypt</i></a>, 2015. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-444-78515-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-444-78515-9">ISBN 978-1-444-78515-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Egypt&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Joann&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-444-78515-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMwXABQAAQBAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240723043256/https://books.google.cat/books?id=MwXABQAAQBAJ">Arxivat</a> 2024-07-23 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKleinerMamiya2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kleiner</span>, Fred; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mamiya</span>, Christin. Cengage Learning. <i>Gardner's Art Through The Ages: A Global History</i>, 2009, p. 57–59. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-495-41058-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-495-41058-4">ISBN 978-0-495-41058-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+The+Ages%3A+A+Global+History&rft.aulast=Kleiner&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=57%E2%80%9359&rft.isbn=978-0-495-41058-4"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKleiner2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kleiner</span>, Fred. Cengage Learning. <i>Gardner's Art Through The Ages: A Global History</i>, 2015, p. 59–61. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-305-54484-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-305-54484-0">ISBN 978-1-305-54484-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+The+Ages%3A+A+Global+History&rft.aulast=Kleiner&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=59%E2%80%9361&rft.isbn=978-1-305-54484-0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMieroop2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mieroop</span>, Marc van der. John Wiley & Sons. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=JADDYAZ9GIIC"><i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i></a>, 2010, p. 56–57. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-405-16070-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-405-16070-4">ISBN 978-1-405-16070-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.aulast=Mieroop&rft.aufirst=Marc+van+der&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=56%E2%80%9357&rft.isbn=978-1-405-16070-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJADDYAZ9GIIC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPoo1._2._2012."><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Poo</span>, Mu-chou. SUNY Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=xKAVHnS5oUIC&pg=PA43"><i>Enemies of Civilization: Attitudes toward Foreigners in Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China</i></a> (en anglès), 1. 2. 2012.. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-7914-8370-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-7914-8370-1">ISBN 978-0-7914-8370-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enemies+of+Civilization%3A+Attitudes+toward+Foreigners+in+Ancient+Mesopotamia%2C+Egypt%2C+and+China&rft.aulast=Poo&rft.aufirst=Mu-chou&rft.date=1.+2.+2012.&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-8370-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxKAVHnS5oUIC%26pg%3DPA43"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240723043806/https://books.google.cat/books?id=xKAVHnS5oUIC&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q&f=false">Arxivat</a> 2024-07-23 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRice1999"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Rice</span>, Michael. Psychology Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=J6MmWuzSxh8C"><i>Who's who in Ancient Egypt</i></a>, 1999, p. 50–51. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-415-15448-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-415-15448-0">ISBN 0-415-15448-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+in+Ancient+Egypt&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1999&rft.pages=50%E2%80%9351&rft.isbn=0-415-15448-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ6MmWuzSxh8C"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240723043809/https://books.google.cat/books?id=J6MmWuzSxh8C">Arxivat</a> 2024-07-23 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRobins2014"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Robins</span>, Gay. British Museum Press. <i>The Art of Ancient Egypt</i>, 2014, p. 44.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.aulast=Robins&rft.aufirst=Gay&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=44"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRomer2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Romer</span>, John. Cambridge University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatpyramidanci0000rome"><i>The Great Pyramid: Ancient Egypt Revisited</i></a>, 2007, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatpyramidanci0000rome/page/251">251</a>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-521-87166-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-521-87166-2">ISBN 978-0-521-87166-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Pyramid%3A+Ancient+Egypt+Revisited&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatpyramidanci0000rome%2Fpage%2F251+251%5D&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87166-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatpyramidanci0000rome"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWilkinson2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Wilkinson</span>, Toby. Routledge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=lGGFAgAAQBAJ"><i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i></a>, 2001. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0415260116" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0415260116">ISBN 0415260116</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft.date=2001&rft.place=Londres&rft.isbn=0415260116&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlGGFAgAAQBAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240723043800/https://books.google.cat/books?id=lGGFAgAAQBAJ">Arxivat</a> 2024-07-23 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWilkinson2000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Wilkinson</span>, Toby. Kegan Paul International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=b4RxMnwuAmAC"><i>Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt: the Palermo Stone and Its Associated Fragments</i></a>, 2000. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0710306679" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0710306679">ISBN 0710306679</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Annals+of+Ancient+Egypt%3A+the+Palermo+Stone+and+Its+Associated+Fragments&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft.date=2000&rft.place=Londres&rft.isbn=0710306679&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db4RxMnwuAmAC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240723043811/https://books.google.cat/books?id=b4RxMnwuAmAC">Arxivat</a> 2024-07-23 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Rosanna Pirelli, "Statue of Djoser" in Francesco Tiradritti (editor): <i>The Treasures of the Egyptian Museum</i>. American University in Cairo Press, Cairo 1999, p. 47.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iorwerth_Eiddon_Stephen_Edwards" title="Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards">Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards</a>: <i>The Pyramids of Egypt</i>. West Drayton 1947; Rev. ed. Harmondsworth 1961; Rev. ed. Harmondsworth 1985 (deutsche Ausgabe: Die ägyptischen Pyramiden, 1967)</li></ul> <ul><li>Jesús J. Urruela Quesada, <i>Egipto faraónico: política, economía y sociedad</i></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right 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aria-labelledby="Faraons_de_l&#039;antic_Egipte_·_(llista)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #f1f1de;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Faraons" title="Plantilla:Faraons"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div 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style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Baix_Egipte" title="Baix Egipte">Baix Egipte</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khayu" title="Khayu">Khayu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tiu" title="Tiu">Tiu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Thesh" title="Thesh">Thesh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neheb" title="Neheb">Neheb</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wazner" title="Wazner">Wazner</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mekh" title="Mekh">Mekh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Alt_Egipte" title="Alt Egipte">Alt Egipte</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Horus_Escorp%C3%AD_I" title="Horus Escorpí I">Horus Escorpí I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iri-Hor" title="Iri-Hor">Iri-Hor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Horus-Ka" title="Horus-Ka">Horus-Ka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Horus-Cocodril" title="Horus-Cocodril">Horus-Cocodril</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Horus_Escorp%C3%AD_II" title="Horus Escorpí II">Horus Escorpí II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: #f1f1de;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_tinita" title="Període tinita">Període arcaic</a><br />(3150–2686 aC)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_I_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia I d'Egipte">Dinastia I</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Menes o Narmer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Aha" title="Aha">Horus-Aha o Narmer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Merneith" title="Merneith">Merneith</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Den" title="Den">Den</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_II_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia II d'Egipte">Dinastia II</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemui" title="Hotepsekhemui">Hotepsekhemui</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nebre" title="Nebre">Nebre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ninetjer" title="Ninetjer">Ninetjer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Weneg" title="Weneg">Weneg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sened" title="Sened">Sened</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Peribsen" title="Peribsen">Peribsen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sekhemib" title="Sekhemib">Sekhemib</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemui" title="Khasekhemui">Khasekhemui</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: #f1f1de;"><a href="/wiki/Regne_Antic_d%27Egipte" title="Regne Antic d'Egipte">Imperi Antic</a><br />(2686–2181 aC)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_III_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia III d'Egipte">Dinastia III</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Djoser</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khaba_(fara%C3%B3)" title="Khaba (faraó)">Khaba</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_IV_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia IV d'Egipte">Dinastia IV</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Snefru" title="Snefru">Snefru</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kheops" class="mw-redirect" title="Kheops">Kheops</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khefren" class="mw-redirect" title="Khefren">Khefren</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bakka" title="Bakka">Bakka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Micerí</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_V_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia V d'Egipte">Dinastia V</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nefererkare" title="Nefererkare">Nefererkare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Shepsekare" title="Shepsekare">Shepsekare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Niuserre" title="Niuserre">Niuserre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Menkauhor" title="Menkauhor">Menkauhor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Djedkare" title="Djedkare">Djedkare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_VI_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia VI d'Egipte">Dinastia VI</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Teti_II" title="Teti II">Teti II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pepi_I" title="Pepi I">Pepi I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Merenre_I" title="Merenre I">Merenre I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pepi_II" title="Pepi II">Pepi II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Merenre_II" title="Merenre II">Merenre II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferka,_el_nen" title="Neferka, el nen">Neferka, el nen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nitokris" title="Nitokris">Nitokris</a>♀</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: #f1f1de;"><a href="/wiki/Primer_per%C3%ADode_intermedi_d%27Egipte" class="mw-redirect" title="Primer període intermedi d'Egipte">1r període intermedi</a><br />(2181–2040 aC)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_VII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia VII d'Egipte">Dinasties<br /> VII</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_VIII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia VIII d'Egipte">VIII</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Neterkare" title="Neterkare">Neterkare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_III_Nebi" title="Neferkare III Nebi">Neferkare III Nebi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemu" title="Djedkare Shemu">Djedkare Shemu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_IV_Khendu" title="Neferkare IV Khendu">Neferkare IV Khendu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Menkamin_I" title="Menkamin I">Menkamin I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sneferka_II" title="Sneferka II">Sneferka II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nekare" title="Nekare">Nekare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_V" title="Neferkare V">Neferka Tereru</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VI" title="Neferkare VI">Neferkare VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sneferkare_Annu" title="Sneferkare Annu">Sneferkare Annu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ibi_I" title="Ibi I">Qakare Ibi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nefererkare_II" title="Nefererkare II">Neferirkare II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wadjkare" title="Wadjkare">Wadjkare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iti_(fara%C3%B3)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iti (faraó)">Iti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Imhotep_(fara%C3%B3)" title="Imhotep (faraó)">Imhotep</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Isu" title="Isu">Isu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iytenu" title="Iytenu">Iytenu</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_IX_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia IX d'Egipte">Dinasties<br /> IX</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_X_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia X d'Egipte">X</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Khety_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Khety I">Khety I</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meribre" title="Meribre">Meribre</a>?)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Merikare" title="Merikare">Merikare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_III" title="Neferkare III">Neferkare III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khety_II" title="Khety II">Khety II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare IV">Neferkare IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khety_III" title="Khety III">Khety III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khety_IV" title="Khety IV">Khety IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khety_V" title="Khety V">Khety V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wankhare_Khety_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Wankhare Khety III">Wankhare Khety III</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: #f1f1de;"><a href="/wiki/Regne_Mitj%C3%A0_d%27Egipte" title="Regne Mitjà d'Egipte">Imperi Mitjà</a><br />(2040–1782 aC)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XI_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XI d'Egipte">Dinastia XI</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep" title="Mentuhotep">Mentuhotep (I)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antef_I" title="Antef I">Antef I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antef_II" title="Antef II">Antef II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antef_III" title="Antef III">Antef III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I (II)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II (III)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III (IV)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XII d'Egipte">Dinastia XII</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_I" title="Amenemhet I">Amenemhet I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_II" title="Amenemhet II">Amenemhet II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_III" title="Amenemhet III">Amenemhet III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_IV" title="Amenemhet IV">Amenemhet IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a>♀</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: #f1f1de;"><a href="/wiki/Segon_per%C3%ADode_intermedi_d%27Egipte" class="mw-redirect" title="Segon període intermedi d'Egipte">2n període intermedi</a><br />(1782–1570 aC)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XIII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XIII d'Egipte">Dinastia XIII</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_I" title="Sobekhotep I">Sobekhotep I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sebenef" title="Sebenef">Sebenef</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_V" title="Amenemhet V">Amenemhet V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenyqemau" title="Amenyqemau">Amenyqemau</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iufeni" title="Iufeni">Iufeni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" title="Amenemhet VI">Amenemhet VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nebnun_Semenkare" title="Nebnun Semenkare">Nebnun Semenkare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sehotepibre" title="Sehotepibre">Sehotepibre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_II" title="Sobekhotep II">Sobekhotep II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Reniseneb" title="Reniseneb">Reniseneb</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hor_I" title="Hor I">Hor I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Kutawire" title="Sekhemre Kutawire">Sekhemre Kutawire</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Djedkhepereu" title="Djedkhepereu">Djedkhepereu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Seb" title="Seb">Seb</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kay">Kay</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VII" title="Amenemhet VII">Amenemhet VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Imira-mesha" title="Imira-mesha">Imira-mesha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antef_V" title="Antef V">Antef V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Seth_I" title="Seth I">Seth I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sobekhotep III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Neferhotep I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Sihathor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_V" title="Sobekhotep V">Sobekhotep V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VI" title="Sobekhotep VI">Sobekhotep VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ibiaw" title="Ibiaw">Ibiaw</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Aya" title="Aya">Aya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ini_(fara%C3%B3)" title="Ini (faraó)">Ini</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sewadjtu" title="Sewadjtu">Sewadjtu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ined" title="Ined">Ined</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hori" title="Hori">Hori</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VII" title="Sobekhotep VII">Sobekhotep VII</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XIV_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XIV d'Egipte">Dinastia XIV</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yaammu_Nubwoserre" title="Yaammu Nubwoserre">Yaammu Nubwoserre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Qareh_Khawoserre" title="Qareh Khawoserre">Qareh Khawoserre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ammu_Ahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammu Ahotepre">Ammu Ahotepre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sheshi_Asehre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheshi Asehre">Sheshi Asehre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nehesi" title="Nehesi">Nehesi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Merdjefare" title="Merdjefare">Merdjefare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nebsenre" title="Nebsenre">Nebsenre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sekheperenre" title="Sekheperenre">Sekheperenre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_d%27Abidos" title="Dinastia d'Abidos">Dinastia d'Abidos</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wepwawemsaf_Sekhemreneferkhaw" title="Wepwawemsaf Sekhemreneferkhaw">Wepwawemsaf Sekhemreneferkhaw</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pantjeny_Sekhemrekhutawy" title="Pantjeny Sekhemrekhutawy">Pantjeny Sekhemrekhutawy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XV_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XV d'Egipte">Dinastia XV</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Shesi" title="Shesi">Shesi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yakhuber" title="Yakhuber">Yakhuber</a>?<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sakir_Har" title="Sakir Har">Sakir Har</a>?<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Apepi" title="Apepi">Apepi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XVI_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XVI d'Egipte">Dinastia XVI</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Djehuty" title="Djehuty">Djehuty</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII" title="Sobekhotep VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_VI" title="Mentuhotep VI">Mentuhotep VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_I" title="Nebiryraw I">Nebiryraw I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_II" title="Nebiryraw II">Nebiryraw II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Semenre" title="Semenre">Semenre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bebiankh" title="Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Shedwaset" title="Sekhemre-Shedwaset">Sekhemre-Shedwaset</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Montuemsaf" title="Montuemsaf">Montuemsaf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_VII" title="Mentuhotep VII">Mentuhotep VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Senusret_IV" title="Senusret IV">Sesostris IV</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XVII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XVII d'Egipte">Dinastia XVII</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Wahkhau_Rehotep" title="Sekhemre Wahkhau Rehotep">Sekhemre Wahkhau Rehotep</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I" title="Sobekemsaf I">Sobekemsaf I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antef_VI" title="Antef VI">Antef VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antef_VII" title="Antef VII">Antef VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antef_VIII" title="Antef VIII">Antef VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sobekemsaf II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tao_I" title="Tao I">Tao I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tao_II" title="Tao II">Tao II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kamosis" title="Kamosis">Kamosis</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: #f1f1de;"><a href="/wiki/Imperi_Nou_d%27Egipte" title="Imperi Nou d'Egipte">Imperi Nou</a><br />(1570–1070 aC)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XVIII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XVIII d'Egipte">Dinastia XVIII</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amosis_I" title="Amosis I">Amosis I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenofis_I" title="Amenofis I">Amenofis I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tuthmosis_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuthmosis I">Tuthmosis I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tuthmosis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuthmosis II">Tuthmosis II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a>♀<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tuthmosis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuthmosis III">Tuthmosis III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenofis_II" title="Amenofis II">Amenofis II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tuthmosis_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuthmosis IV">Tuthmosis IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenofis_III" title="Amenofis III">Amenofis III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Akhenaton" title="Akhenaton">Akhenaton (Amenofis IV)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Semenkhare" title="Semenkhare">Semenkhare</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tutankamon" title="Tutankamon">Tutankamon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ay" title="Ay">Ay</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XIX_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XIX d'Egipte">Dinastia XIX</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_I" title="Ramsès I">Ramsès I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_II" title="Ramsès II">Ramsès II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Merenptah" title="Merenptah">Merenptah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesse</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tausret" title="Tausret">Tausert</a>♀</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XX_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XX d'Egipte">Dinastia XX</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Setnakht" title="Setnakht">Setnakht</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_III" title="Ramsès III">Ramsès III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_IV" title="Ramsès IV">Ramsès IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_V" title="Ramsès V">Ramsès V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_VI" title="Ramsès VI">Ramsès VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_VII" title="Ramsès VII">Ramsès VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_VIII" title="Ramsès VIII">Ramsès VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_IX" title="Ramsès IX">Ramsès IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_X" title="Ramsès X">Ramsès X</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rams%C3%A8s_XI" title="Ramsès XI">Ramsès XI</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: #f1f1de;"><a href="/wiki/Tercer_per%C3%ADode_intermedi_d%27Egipte" class="mw-redirect" title="Tercer període intermedi d'Egipte">Tercer període intermedi</a><br />(1069–525 aC)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXI_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXI d'Egipte">Dinastia XXI</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Esmendes_I" title="Esmendes I">Smendes I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenemope" title="Amenemope">Amenemope</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Osork%C3%B3n_el_Vell" class="mw-redirect" title="Osorkón el Vell">Osorkón el Vell</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Siamun" class="mw-redirect" title="Siamun">Siamun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXII d'Egipte">Dinastia XXII</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sheshonq_I" title="Sheshonq I">Sheshonq o Shoshenq I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Osork%C3%B3n_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Osorkón I">Osorkón I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sheshonq_II" title="Sheshonq II">Sheshonq o Shoshenq II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Osork%C3%B3n_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Osorkón II">Osorkón II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sheshonq_III" title="Sheshonq III">Sheshonq o Shoshenq III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sheshonq_IV" title="Sheshonq IV">Sheshonq o Shoshenq IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sheshonq_V" title="Sheshonq V">Sheshonq o Shoshenq V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Osork%C3%B3n_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Osorkón IV">Osorkón IV</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXIII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXIII d'Egipte">Dinastia XXIII</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Petubastis_I" title="Petubastis I">Petubastis I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iuput_I" title="Iuput I">Iuput I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sheshonq_VI" title="Sheshonq VI">Sheshonq o Shoshenq VI (abans Sheshonq IV)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Osork%C3%B3n_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Osorkón III">Osorkón III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rudamon" title="Rudamon">Rudamon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iuput_II" title="Iuput II">Iuput II</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXIV_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXIV d'Egipte">Dinastia XXIV</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bakenrenef" title="Bakenrenef">Bakenrenef</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXV_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXV d'Egipte">Dinastia XXV</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Piankhi" title="Piankhi">Piankhi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tanutamon" title="Tanutamon">Tanutamon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXVI_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXVI d'Egipte">Dinastia XXVI</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nec%C3%B3_I" title="Necó I">Necó I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Psam%C3%A8tic_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Psamètic I">Psamètic I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nec%C3%B3_II" title="Necó II">Necó II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Psam%C3%A8tic_II" title="Psamètic II">Psamètic II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Apries</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amosis_II" title="Amosis II">Amosis II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Psam%C3%A8tic_III" title="Psamètic III">Psamètic III</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: #f1f1de;"><a href="/wiki/Baix_imperi_d%27Egipte" title="Baix imperi d'Egipte">Període tardà</a><br />(525–332 aC)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXVII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXVII d'Egipte">Dinastia XXVII</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cambises_II_de_P%C3%A8rsia" title="Cambises II de Pèrsia">Cambises II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Darios_el_Gran" title="Darios el Gran">Darios I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I_de_P%C3%A8rsia" title="Xerxes I de Pèrsia">Xerxes I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I_de_P%C3%A8rsia" title="Artaxerxes I de Pèrsia">Artaxerxes I</a> • <a href="/wiki/Darios_II_de_P%C3%A8rsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darios II de Pèrsia">Darios II</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXVIII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXVIII d'Egipte">Dinastia XXVIII</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amirteu_II" title="Amirteu II">Amirteu II</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXIX_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXIX d'Egipte">Dinastia XXIX</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Neferites_I" title="Neferites I">Neferites I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mutis" title="Mutis">Mutis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Psamutis" title="Psamutis">Psamutis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Acoris" title="Acoris">Acoris</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferites_II" title="Neferites II">Neferites II</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXX_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXX d'Egipte">Dinastia XXX</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nectabeu_I" title="Nectabeu I">Nectabeu I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Teos_(fara%C3%B3)" title="Teos (faraó)">Teos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nectabeu_II" title="Nectabeu II">Nectabeu II</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_XXXI_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XXXI d'Egipte">Dinastia XXXI</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III_de_P%C3%A8rsia" title="Artaxerxes III de Pèrsia">Artaxerxes III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8s_de_P%C3%A8rsia" title="Arsès de Pèrsia">Arsès</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Darios_III_de_P%C3%A8rsia" title="Darios III de Pèrsia">Darios III</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: #f1f1de;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_hel%C2%B7len%C3%ADstic_d%27Egipte" title="Període hel·lenístic d'Egipte">Període hel·lenístic</a><br />(332–30 aC)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Maced%C3%B2nica_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia Macedònica d'Egipte">Dinastia Macedònica</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_el_Gran" title="Alexandre el Gran">Alexandre Magne</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Filip_III_Arrideu" title="Filip III Arrideu">Filip III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_IV_de_Maced%C3%B2nia" title="Alexandre IV de Macedònia">Alexandre IV</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left; background: #f1f1de;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Ptolemaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia Ptolemaica">Dinastia Ptolemaica</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_I_S%C3%B2ter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemeu I Sòter">Ptolemeu I Sòter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_II_Filadelf" title="Ptolemeu II Filadelf">Ptolemeu II Filadelf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_III_Evergetes_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemeu III Evergetes I">Ptolemeu III Evergetes</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_IV_Filop%C3%A0tor" title="Ptolemeu IV Filopàtor">Ptolemeu IV Filopàtor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_V_Ep%C3%ADfanes" title="Ptolemeu V Epífanes">Ptolemeu V Epífanes</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_VI_Filom%C3%A8tor" title="Ptolemeu VI Filomètor">Ptolemeu VI Filomètor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cle%C3%B2patra_I" title="Cleòpatra I">Cleòpatra I</a>♀<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_VII_Neofilop%C3%A0tor" title="Ptolemeu VII Neofilopàtor">Ptolemeu VII Neofilopàtor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_VIII_Evergetes_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemeu VIII Evergetes II">Ptolemeu VIII Fiscó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cle%C3%B2patra_II" title="Cleòpatra II">Cleòpatra II</a>♀<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_IX_L%C3%A0tir" title="Ptolemeu IX Làtir">Ptolemeu IX Làtir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cle%C3%B2patra_III" title="Cleòpatra III">Cleòpatra III</a>♀<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_X_Alexandre_I" title="Ptolemeu X Alexandre I">Ptolemeu X Alexandre I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a>♀<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_XI_Alexandre_II" title="Ptolemeu XI Alexandre II">Ptolemeu XI Alexandre II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_XII_Auleta" title="Ptolemeu XII Auleta">Ptolemeu XII Auleta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV" title="Berenice IV">Berenice IV</a>♀<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cle%C3%B2patra_VI" title="Cleòpatra VI">Cleòpatra VI</a>♀<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_XIII_Filop%C3%A0tor" title="Ptolemeu XIII Filopàtor">Ptolemeu XIII Filopàtor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu_XIV_Filop%C3%A0tor" title="Ptolemeu XIV Filopàtor">Ptolemeu XIV Filopàtor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cle%C3%B2patra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleòpatra VII">Cleòpatra VII</a>♀<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cesari%C3%B3" title="Cesarió">Ptolemeu XV Cesarió</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>♀ indica que el faraó era dona</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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