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Gwee</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Kenji Gwee"> <meta name="keywords" content="Kenji Gwee"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Kenji Gwee"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Kenji Gwee</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Maximising the Therapeutic Value of the Mental Capacity Act of Singapore for People Who Lack Legal Capacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Gwee">Kenji Gwee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Mental Capacity Act is a new legislation that allows for lasting powers of attorney and court-appointed deputies, in respect of people who lack legal capacity. While the UK Act, after which the Singapore Act is modeled, has been shown to be therapeutic to donors, the Singapore Act differs from its UK counterpart and it is unclear if the Singapore Act can be beneficial to donors as purported. The purpose of this study was to determine what the perceptions of three groups of stakeholders (patients, caregivers and psychiatrists) are about the aspects of the Mental Capacity Act that are therapeutic to donors. In addition, ways to increase the therapeutic value of the Act to donors are sought. A qualitative methodology was used and the research was guided by two theoretical frameworks: therapeutic jurisprudence and an interpretive constructive framework. Interviews with 12 psychiatrists, and focus groups with twenty three patients and seven caregivers showed agreement that, allowing donors to nominate more than one decision- maker, and whistle-blowing mechanisms for recourse for abuse, were therapeutic to donors. To further increase the therapeutic value of the Act, 2 suggestions were made: the Act should provide for (i) advanced healthcare directives- allowing donors to make advance decisions to refuse treatment, or cease existing treatment, and (ii) independent advocacy services- to have a case worker to represent people who have no family or friends and are thus unable to find suitable donees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mental%20Capacity%20Act" title="Mental Capacity Act">Mental Capacity Act</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=therapeutic%20jurisprudence" title=" therapeutic jurisprudence"> therapeutic jurisprudence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20methodology" title=" qualitative methodology"> qualitative methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20UK%20Act" title=" the UK Act "> the UK Act </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7964/maximising-the-therapeutic-value-of-the-mental-capacity-act-of-singapore-for-people-who-lack-legal-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> The Test of Memory Malingering and Offence Severity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Gwee">Kenji Gwee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Singapore, the death penalty remains in active use for murder and drug trafficking of controlled drugs such as heroin. As such, the psychological assessment of defendants can often be of high stakes. The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) is employed by government psychologists to determine the degree of effort invested by defendants, which in turn inform on the veracity of overall psychological findings that can invariably determine the life and death of defendants. The purpose of this study was to find out if defendants facing the death penalty were more likely to invest less effort during psychological assessment (to fake bad in hopes of escaping the death sentence) compared to defendants facing lesser penalties. An archival search of all forensic cases assessed in 2012-2013 by Singapore’s designated forensic psychiatric facility yielded 186 defendants’ TOMM scores. Offence severity, coded into 6 rank-ordered categories, was analyzed in a one-way ANOVA with TOMM score as the dependent variable. There was a statistically significant difference (F(5,87) = 2.473, p = 0.038). A Tukey post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction revealed that defendants facing lower charges (Theft, shoplifting, criminal breach of trust) invested less test-taking effort (TOMM = 37.4±12.3, p = 0.033) compared to those facing the death penalty (TOMM = 46.2±8.1). The surprising finding that those facing death penalties actually invested more test taking effort than those facing relatively minor charges could be due to higher levels of cooperation when faced with death. Alternatively, other legal avenues to escape the death sentence may have been preferred over the mitigatory chance of a psychiatric defence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20sentencing" title="capital sentencing">capital sentencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offence%20severity" title=" offence severity"> offence severity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singapore" title=" Singapore"> Singapore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Test%20of%20Memory%20Malingering" title=" Test of Memory Malingering"> Test of Memory Malingering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34460/the-test-of-memory-malingering-and-offence-severity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> The Development of the Self-concept Scale for Elders in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting-Chia%20Lien">Ting-Chia Lien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Yin%20Yen"> Tzu-Yin Yen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szu-Fan%20Chen"> Szu-Fan Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tai-chun%20Kuo"> Tai-chun Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Tse%20Lin"> Hung-Tse Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Chen%20Chung"> Yi-Chen Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hock-Sen%20Gwee"> Hock-Sen Gwee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to explore the result of the survey by developing “Self-Concept Scale for Elders”, which could provide community counseling and guidance institution for practical application. The sample of this study consisted of 332 elders in Taiwan (male: 33.4%; female: 66.6%). The mean age of participants was 65-98 years. The measurements applied in this study is “Self-Concept Scale for Elders”. After item and factor analyses, the preliminary version of the Self-Concept Scale for Elders was revised to the final version. The results were summarized as follows: 1) There were 10 items in Self-Concept Scale for Elders. 2) The variance explained for the scale accounted for 77.15%, with corrected item-total correlations Cronbach’s alpha=0.87. 3) The content validity, criterion validity and construct validity have been found to be satisfactory. Based on the findings, the implication and suggestions are offered for reference regarding counselor education and future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-concept" title="self-concept">self-concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elder" title=" elder"> elder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20scale" title=" development scale"> development scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applied%20psychology" title=" applied psychology "> applied psychology </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29238/the-development-of-the-self-concept-scale-for-elders-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Integral Image-Based Differential Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kohei%20Inoue">Kohei Inoue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Hara"> Kenji Hara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiichi%20Urahama"> Kiichi Urahama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We describe a relationship between integral images and differential images. First, we derive a simple difference filter from conventional integral image. In the derivation, we show that an integral image and the corresponding differential image are related to each other by simultaneous linear equations, where the numbers of unknowns and equations are the same, and therefore, we can execute the integration and differentiation by solving the simultaneous equations. We applied the relationship to an image fusion problem, and experimentally verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20images" title="integral images">integral images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20images" title=" differential images"> differential images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20filters" title=" differential filters"> differential filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20fusion" title=" image fusion"> image fusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8531/integral-image-based-differential-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Orientation of Japanese Literary Translation to the Japanese Studies Undergraduate Students: Focusing on Bengali</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lopamudra%20Malek">Lopamudra Malek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bangladesh continues a compacted bilateral relationship with Japan since 1971, but the seed of this vital relationship had been sown much earlier in 1863 when MadhushudhonMukhapaddhay translated Commodore Mathew’s book, and the seed was nourished and nurtured by Rabindranath and other writers by translating Japanese literature in Bengali. Sano Jinnotsuke translated Rabindranath’s novel ‘Gora’ in 1924. Concentrating on formal literary translation, Jyotirmoy Mukhopadhyay, Jalal Ahmed continued to translate important novels, short poems, and short stories as well. Kyoko Niwa - GouriAiyub and Monjurul Huq and Swandip Tagore had translated one of the master pieces of Matsuo Basho and 万葉集. Gita A. Keeni has translated few stories from Kenji Miyazawa and in contemporary literature, Abhijit Mukherjee translating Yukio Mishima and Haruki Murakami in Bengali language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literary%20translation" title="literary translation">literary translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bengali" title=" bengali"> bengali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese" title=" Japanese"> Japanese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=book" title=" book"> book</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148572/orientation-of-japanese-literary-translation-to-the-japanese-studies-undergraduate-students-focusing-on-bengali" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> A Pilot Study Exploring Dog Owners’ Perceptions on Volunteering With Their Dogs in Animal-Assisted Therapy Program in Singapore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20Wong">Julia Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Beng%20Lim"> Hua Beng Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheryl%20Ho"> Cheryl Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gin%20Jen%20Gwee"> Gin Jen Gwee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Tay"> Rachel Tay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Singapore, a few hospitals and non-governmental social service agencies have been utilising animal-assisted therapy (AAT) in their practice in recent years, although the animals used (e.g., dogs, cats, and horses) and program modality may differ due to the different practice settings, client profiles, and intervention goals. This pilot study explores dog owners’ perceptions of AAT with a focus on examining the enablers and barriers towards volunteering with their dogs in AAT programs in Singapore. A qualitative, thematic analysis study was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 dog owners. 3 of the dog owners had previous experience volunteering with their dogs serving elderly patients in a community hospital, while the rest of the dog owners had no previous experience volunteering with their dogs. The former group was recruited with the help of the hospital, while the latter group was recruited via word-of-mouth. Dog owners who had volunteering experiences in AAT program versus those who had none differed in their perceptions towards AAT. Dog owners who had volunteered with their dogs in an AAT program in a hospital felt that their volunteering experience were meaningful to patients and to themselves, as they were intrinsically motivated by the desire to serve the community. Those who had not volunteered were hesitant to volunteer with their dogs as they were not comfortable with strangers touching their dogs. They also felt that it would be a huge commitment in terms of time and money; most of them do not own a car as it is uneconomical, and pets are not allowed on Singapore’s public transport systems. This study is limited by its small sample size, and its findings are not generalisable. However, given that volunteers are an invaluable resource in healthcare settings, future studies can examine more stakeholders’ perceptions towards AAT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal-assisted%20therapy" title="animal-assisted therapy">animal-assisted therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog-assisted%20therapy" title=" dog-assisted therapy"> dog-assisted therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volunteers" title=" volunteers"> volunteers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20therapy" title=" complementary therapy"> complementary therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151090/a-pilot-study-exploring-dog-owners-perceptions-on-volunteering-with-their-dogs-in-animal-assisted-therapy-program-in-singapore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Impact of Initiators on Fast Drying Traffic Marking Paint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Taheri">Maryam Taheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Jahanfar"> Mehdi Jahanfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Ogino"> Kenji Ogino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fast drying traffic marking paint comprising a solvent-borne resin, a filler, a pigment and a solvent that is especially suitable for colder ambient (temperatures near freezing) applications, where waterborne traffic paint cannot be used. Acrylic resins based on methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, and styrene were synthesized in different solvents using organic peroxide initiators such as peroxyester, peroxyketal, dialkylperoxide and azo. After polymerization, the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index= PDI (Mw/Mn), viscosity, total residual monomer and APHA color were evaluated and results of organic peroxide initiators (t- butyl and t-amyl derivatives) were also compared with the azo initiator. The Mw, PDI, viscosity, mass conversation and APHA color of resins with t-amyl derivatives of organic peroxide initiators are very proper. The results of the traffic marking paints test such as non-volatile matter, no- pick- up time, hiding power, resistance to wear and water resistance study that produced with these resins also confirm this. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20drying%20traffic%20marking%20paint" title="fast drying traffic marking paint">fast drying traffic marking paint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acrylic%20resin" title=" acrylic resin"> acrylic resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20peroxide%20initiator" title=" organic peroxide initiator"> organic peroxide initiator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxyester" title=" peroxyester"> peroxyester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxyketal" title=" peroxyketal"> peroxyketal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialkylperoxide%20and%20azo%20initiator" title=" dialkylperoxide and azo initiator"> dialkylperoxide and azo initiator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82325/the-impact-of-initiators-on-fast-drying-traffic-marking-paint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Perceptions and Attitudes toward Pain in Patients with Chronic Low-Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naomi%20Sato">Naomi Sato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomonori%20Sato"> Tomonori Sato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Masui"> Kenji Masui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rob%20Stanborough"> Rob Stanborough</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To date, there are few studies on the subjective experiences of patients with chronic low-back pain (CLBP). The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of CLBP patients’ perceptions and attitudes regarding pain. Individual, semi-constructed interviews were conducted with 7 Japanese and 10 Americans who had been diagnosed with CLBP. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed based on a content analysis approach. The study proposal was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the first author’s affiliate university. All participants provided written consent. Participants’ ages ranged from 48 to 82. Five main categories were emerged, namely, 'There are no reasons for long-term chronic pain,' 'Just will not worsen,' 'Have something to help me cope,' 'Pain restricts my life,' and 'Have something to relieve me.' Participants lived with CLBP, which could sometimes be avoided as a result of the coping strategies that they employed, and due to which they sometimes felt helpless, despite their efforts. As a result, they had mixed feelings, which included resignation, resoluteness, and optimism. However, their perceptions and attitudes toward pain seemed to differ based on their backgrounds, including biological, social, religious, and cultural status. There is a need for the development of a scale in future studies, to enable quantitative measurement of individuals’ perceptions of and attitudes toward pain. There is also a need for an investigation of factors influencing perceptions and attitudes toward pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20low-back%20pain" title=" chronic low-back pain"> chronic low-back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20study" title=" qualitative study"> qualitative study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65776/perceptions-and-attitudes-toward-pain-in-patients-with-chronic-low-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Breaking the Stained-Glass Ceiling: Personality Traits and Ambivalent Sexism in Shaping Gender Income Equality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiza%20Shahid">Shiza Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Shahid"> Saba Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Noguchi"> Kenji Noguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raegan%20Bishop"> Raegan Bishop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Stepanova"> Elena Stepanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2020, in the United States, women who worked full-time earned only 82 cents for every dollar earned by men who worked full-time, year-round. This study examined how personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience) interacts with ambivalent sexism to influence acceptance of gender income inequality. Using a quantitative method approach, this study collected data from a sample of N=150 students from Social Science Online Subject Pool (SONA). The study predicted that (a) extraversion and openness to experience would be positively related to acceptance of gender income inequality, while emotional stability and agreeableness would be negatively related to acceptance of gender income inequality, (b) Individuals who scored higher on measures of hostile sexism would show greater acceptance of gender income inequality than individuals who score higher on measures of benevolent sexism. The results were reported according to the predictions for the study. This study broadens the importance of addressing the underlying factors contributing to attitudes towards gender income inequality and contributes to ongoing efforts to achieve gender equality, which is important for promoting economic well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20income%20ineqaulity" title="gender income ineqaulity">gender income ineqaulity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambivalent%20sexism" title=" ambivalent sexism"> ambivalent sexism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20traits" title=" personality traits"> personality traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development%20goals" title=" sustainable development goals"> sustainable development goals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179264/breaking-the-stained-glass-ceiling-personality-traits-and-ambivalent-sexism-in-shaping-gender-income-equality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> A Challenge to Acquire Serious Victims’ Locations during Acute Period of Giant Disasters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keiko%20Shimazu">Keiko Shimazu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuhiro%20Maida"> Yasuhiro Maida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuya%20Sugata"> Tetsuya Sugata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daisuke%20Tamakoshi"> Daisuke Tamakoshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Makabe"> Kenji Makabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruki%20Suzuki"> Haruki Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we report how to acquire serious victims’ locations in the Acute Stage of Large-scale Disasters, in an Emergency Information Network System designed by us. The background of our concept is based on the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11<sup>th</sup>, 2011. Through many experiences of national crises caused by earthquakes and tsunamis, we have established advanced communication systems and advanced disaster medical response systems. However, Japan was devastated by huge tsunamis swept a vast area of Tohoku causing a complete breakdown of all the infrastructures including telecommunications. Therefore, we noticed that we need interdisciplinary collaboration between science of disaster medicine, regional administrative sociology, satellite communication technology and systems engineering experts. Communication of emergency information was limited causing a serious delay in the initial rescue and medical operation. For the emergency rescue and medical operations, the most important thing is to identify the number of casualties, their locations and status and to dispatch doctors and rescue workers from multiple organizations. In the case of the Tohoku earthquake, the dispatching mechanism and/or decision support system did not exist to allocate the appropriate number of doctors and locate disaster victims. Even though the doctors and rescue workers from multiple government organizations have their own dedicated communication system, the systems are not interoperable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20management" title="crisis management">crisis management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20mitigation" title=" disaster mitigation"> disaster mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=messing" title=" messing"> messing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MGRS" title=" MGRS"> MGRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20grid%20reference%20system" title=" military grid reference system"> military grid reference system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20communication%20system" title=" satellite communication system"> satellite communication system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92339/a-challenge-to-acquire-serious-victims-locations-during-acute-period-of-giant-disasters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> STD-NMR Based Protein Engineering of the Unique Arylpropionate-Racemase AMDase G74C</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Ga%C3%9Fmeyer">Sarah Gaßmeyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadine%20H%C3%BClsemann"> Nadine Hülsemann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael%20Stoll"> Raphael Stoll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Miyamoto"> Kenji Miyamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Kourist"> Robert Kourist </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enzymatic racemization allows the smooth interconversion of stereocenters under very mild reaction conditions. Racemases find frequent applications in deracemization and dynamic kinetic resolutions. Arylmalonate decarboxylase (AMDase) from Bordetella Bronchiseptica has high structural similarity to amino acid racemases. These cofactor-free racemases are able to break chemically strong CH-bonds under mild conditions. The racemase-like catalytic machinery of mutant G74C conveys it a unique activity in the racemisation of pharmacologically relevant derivates of 2-phenylpropionic acid (profenes), which makes AMDase G74C an interesting object for the mechanistic investigation of cofactor-independent racemases. Structure-guided protein engineering achieved a variant of this unique racemase with 40-fold increased activity in the racemisation of several arylaliphatic carboxylic acids. By saturation–transfer–difference NMR spectroscopy (STD-NMR), substrate binding during catalysis was investigated. All atoms of the substrate showed interactions with the enzyme. STD-NMR measurements revealed distinct nuclear Overhauser effects in experiments with and without molecular conversion. The spectroscopic analysis led to the identification of several amino acid residues whose variation increased the activity of G74C. While single-amino acid exchanges increased the activity moderately, structure-guided saturation mutagenesis yielded a quadruple mutant with a 40 times higher reaction rate. This study presents STD-NMR as versatile tool for the analysis of enzyme-substrate interactions in catalytically competent systems and for the guidance of protein engineering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racemase" title="racemase">racemase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20protein%20design" title=" rational protein design"> rational protein design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STD-NMR" title=" STD-NMR"> STD-NMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20guided%20saturation%20mutagenesis" title=" structure guided saturation mutagenesis"> structure guided saturation mutagenesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36749/std-nmr-based-protein-engineering-of-the-unique-arylpropionate-racemase-amdase-g74c" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Differentiation of Drug Stereoisomers by Their Stereostructure-Selective Membrane Interactions as One of Pharmacological Mechanisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maki%20Mizogami">Maki Mizogami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hironori%20Tsuchiya"> Hironori Tsuchiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshiroh%20Hayabuchi"> Yoshiroh Hayabuchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Shigemi"> Kenji Shigemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since drugs exhibit significant structure-dependent differences in activity and toxicity, their differentiation based on the mechanism of action should have implications for comparative drug efficacy and safety. We aimed to differentiate drug stereoisomers by their stereostructure-selective membrane interactions underlying pharmacological and toxicological effects. Biomimetic lipid bilayer membranes were prepared with phospholipids and sterols (either cholesterol or epicholesterol) to mimic the lipid compositions of neuronal and cardiomyocyte membranes and to provide these membranes with the chirality. The membrane preparations were treated with different classes of stereoisomers at clinically- and pharmacologically-relevant concentrations (25-200 μM), followed by measuring fluorescence polarization to determine the membrane interactivity of drugs to change the physicochemical property of membranes. All the tested drugs acted on lipid bilayers to increase or decrease the membrane fluidity. Drug stereoisomers could not be differentiated when interacting with the membranes consisting of phospholipids alone. However, they stereostructure-selectively interacted with neuro-mimetic and cardio-mimetic membranes containing 40 mol% cholesterol ((3β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol) to show the relative potencies being local anesthetic R(+)-bupivacaine > rac-bupivacaine > S(‒)-bupivacaine, α2-adrenergic agonistic D-medetomidine > rac-medetomidine > L-medetomidine, β-adrenergic antagonistic R(+)-propranolol > rac-propranolol > S(–)-propranolol, NMDA receptor antagonistic S(+)-ketamine > rac-ketamine, analgesic monoterpenoid (+)-menthol > (‒)-menthol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory S(+)-ibuprofen > rac-ibuprofen > R(‒)-ibuprofen, and bioactive flavonoid (+)-epicatechin > (‒)-epicatechin. All of the order of membrane interactivity were correlated to those of beneficial and adverse effects of the tested stereoisomers. In contrast, the membranes prepared with epicholesterol ((3α)-chotest-5-en-3-ol), an epimeric form of cholesterol, reversed the rank order of membrane interactivity to be S(‒)-enantiomeric > racemic > R(+)-enantiomeric bupivacaine, L-enantiomeric > racemic > D-enantiomeric medetomidine, S(–)-enantiomeric > racemic > R(+)-enantiomeric propranolol, racemic > S(+)-enantiomeric ketamine, (‒)-enantiomeric > (+)-enantiomeric menthol, R(‒)-enantiomeric > racemic > S(+)-enantiomeric ibuprofen, and (‒)-enantiomeric > (+)-enantiomeric epicatechin. The opposite configuration allows drug molecules to interact with chiral sterol membranes enantiomer-selectively. From the comparative results, it is speculated that a 3β-hydroxyl group in cholesterol is responsible for the enantioselective interactions of drugs. In conclusion, the differentiation of drug stereoisomers by their stereostructure-selective membrane interactions would be useful for designing and predicting drugs with higher activity and/or lower toxicity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chiral%20membrane" title="chiral membrane">chiral membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differentiation" title=" differentiation"> differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20stereoisomer" title=" drug stereoisomer"> drug stereoisomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enantioselective%20membrane%20interaction" title=" enantioselective membrane interaction"> enantioselective membrane interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57851/differentiation-of-drug-stereoisomers-by-their-stereostructure-selective-membrane-interactions-as-one-of-pharmacological-mechanisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Modification of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Derived from Tall Oil Using Micro/Mesoporous Materials Based on H-ZSM-22 Zeolite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinyu%20Wei">Xinyu Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingming%20Peng"> Mingming Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Kamiya"> Kenji Kamiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eika%20Qian"> Eika Qian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iso-stearic acid as a saturated fatty acid with a branched chain shows a low pour point, high oxidative stability and great biodegradability. The industrial production of iso-stearic acid involves first isomerizing unsaturated fatty acids into branched-chain unsaturated fatty acids (BUFAs), followed by hydrogenating the branched-chain unsaturated fatty acids to obtain iso-stearic acid. However, the production yield of iso-stearic acid is reportedly less than 30%. In recent decades, extensive research has been conducted on branched fatty acids. Most research has replaced acidic clays with zeolites due to their high selectivity, good thermal stability, and renewability. It was reported that isomerization of unsaturated fatty acid occurred mainly inside the zeolite channel. In contrast, the production of by-products like dimer acid mainly occurs at acid sites outside the surface of zeolite. Further, the deactivation of catalysts is attributed to the pore blockage of zeolite. In the present study, micro/mesoporous ZSM-22 zeolites were developed. It is clear that the synthesis of a micro/mesoporous ZSM-22 zeolite is regarded as the ideal strategy owing to its ability to minimize coke formation. Different mesoporosities micro/mesoporous H-ZSM-22 zeolites were prepared through recrystallization of ZSM-22 using sodium hydroxide solution (0.2-1M) with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide template (CTAB). The structure, morphology, porosity, acidity, and isomerization performance of the prepared catalysts were characterized and evaluated. The dissolution and recrystallization process of the H-ZSM-22 microporous zeolite led to the formation of approximately 4 nm-sized mesoporous channels on the outer surface of the microporous zeolite, resulting in a micro/mesoporous material. This process increased the weak Brønsted acid sites at the pore mouth while reducing the total number of acid sites in ZSM-22. Finally, an activity test was conducted using oleic acid as a model compound in a fixed-bed reactor. The activity test results revealed that micro/mesoporous H-ZSM-22 zeolites exhibited a high isomerization activity, reaching >70% selectivity and >50% yield of BUFAs. Furthermore, the yield of oligomers was limited to less than 20%. This demonstrates that the presence of mesopores in ZSM-22 enhances contact between the feedstock and the active sites within the catalyst, thereby increasing catalyst activity. Additionally, a portion of the dissolved and recrystallized silica adhered to the catalyst's surface, covering the surface-active sites, which reduced the formation of oligomers. This study offers distinct insights into the production of iso-stearic acid using a fixed-bed reactor, paving the way for future research in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iso-stearic%20acid" title="Iso-stearic acid">Iso-stearic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oleic%20acid" title=" oleic acid"> oleic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20isomerization" title=" skeletal isomerization"> skeletal isomerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%2Fmesoporous" title=" micro/mesoporous"> micro/mesoporous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZSM-22" title=" ZSM-22"> ZSM-22</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190252/modification-of-unsaturated-fatty-acids-derived-from-tall-oil-using-micromesoporous-materials-based-on-h-zsm-22-zeolite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Maritime English Communication Training for Japanese VTS Operators in the Congested Area Including the Narrow Channel of Akashi Strait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Tanaka">Kenji Tanaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazumi%20Sugita"> Kazumi Sugita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuto%20Mizushima"> Yuto Mizushima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a noteworthy form of English communication training for the officers and operators of the Osaka-Bay Marine Traffic Information Service (Osaka MARTIS) of the Japan Coast Guard working in the congested area at the Akashi Strait in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The authors of this paper, Marine Technical College’s (MTC) English language instructors, have been holding about forty lectures and exercises in basic and normal Maritime English (ME) for several groups of MARTIS personnel at Osaka MARTIS annually since they started the training in 2005. Trainees are expected to be qualified Maritime Third-Class Radio Operators who are responsible for providing safety information to a daily average of seven to eight hundred vessels that pass through the Akashi Strait, one of Japan’s narrowest channels. As of 2022, the instructors are conducting 55 remote lessons at MARTIS. One lesson is 90 minutes long. All 26 trainees are given oral and written assessments. The trainees need to pass the examination to become qualified operators every year, requiring them to train and maintain their linguistic levels even during the pandemic of Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19). The vessel traffic information provided by Osaka MARTIS in Maritime English language is essential to the work involving the use of very high frequency (VHF) communication between MARTIS and vessels in the area. ME is the common language mainly used on board merchant, fishing, and recreational vessels, normally at sea. ME was edited and recommended by the International Maritime Organization in the 1970s, was revised in 2002, and has undergone continual revision. The vessel’s circumstances are much more serious at the strait than those at the open sea, so these vessels need ME to receive guidance from the center when passing through the narrow strait. The imminent and challenging situations at the strait necessitate that textbooks’ contents include the basics of the phrase book for seafarers as well as specific and additional navigational information, pronunciation exercises, notes on keywords and phrases, explanations about collocations, sample sentences, and explanations about the differences between synonyms especially those focusing on terminologies necessary for passing through the strait. Additionally, short Japanese-English translation quizzes about these topics, as well as prescribed readings about the maritime sector, are include in the textbook. All of these exercises have been trained in the remote education system since the outbreak of COVID-19. According to the guidelines of ME edited in 2009, the lowest level necessary for seafarers is B1 (lower individual users) of The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR). Therefore, this vocational ME language training at Osaka MARTIS aims for its trainees to communicate at levels higher than B1. A noteworthy proof of improvement from this training is that most of the trainees have become qualified marine radio communication officers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=akashi%20strait" title="akashi strait">akashi strait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B1%20of%20CEFR" title=" B1 of CEFR"> B1 of CEFR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20english%20communication%20training" title=" maritime english communication training"> maritime english communication training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osaka%20martis" title=" osaka martis"> osaka martis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155943/maritime-english-communication-training-for-japanese-vts-operators-in-the-congested-area-including-the-narrow-channel-of-akashi-strait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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