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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karlovac_County_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Karlovac County Court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karlovac_County_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court_of_Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court_of_Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Supreme Court of Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court_of_Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Commemorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">Korana bridge killings</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Korana bridge killings is located in Croatia"><img alt="Korana bridge killings is located in Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Croatia_location_map.svg/300px-Croatia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Croatia_location_map.svg/450px-Croatia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Croatia_location_map.svg/600px-Croatia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="1062" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cro-occup-lines-Jan92.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cro-occup-lines-Jan92.svg/300px-Cro-occup-lines-Jan92.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cro-occup-lines-Jan92.svg/450px-Cro-occup-lines-Jan92.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cro-occup-lines-Jan92.svg/600px-Cro-occup-lines-Jan92.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2508" data-file-height="2427" /></a></span></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.015%;left:36.158%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Karlovac"><img alt="Karlovac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption">Karlovac on the map of Croatia; JNA/SAO Krajina-held areas in late 1991 are highlighted in red</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Korana" title="Korana">Korana</a> bridge, <a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">21 September 1991</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> reservists</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">Mass shooting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">13</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Injured</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Convicted</th><td class="infobox-data">Mihajlo Hrastov (4 years' imprisonment)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Croatian War of Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Croatian_War_of_Independence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War <br /> of Independence</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1991</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakrac_clash" title="Pakrac clash">Pakrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_incident" title="Plitvice Lakes incident">Plitvice Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borovo_Selo" title="Battle of Borovo Selo">Borovo Selo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_riot_in_Zadar" title="1991 riot in Zadar">Zadar riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_protest_in_Split" title="1991 protest in Split">Split protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisak_killings" title="Sisak killings">Sisak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defense_of_Topusko_in_1991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defense of Topusko in 1991 (page does not exist)">Topusko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stinger" title="Operation Stinger">Stinger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Glina_(1991)" title="Battles of Glina (1991)">Glina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hrvatska_Kostajnica" title="Battle of Hrvatska Kostajnica">Hrvatska Kostajnica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kijevo" title="Siege of Kijevo">Kijevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Labrador" title="Operation Labrador">Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banija_villages_killings" title="Banija villages killings">Banija villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukovar" title="Battle of Vukovar">Vukovar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vukovar_massacre" title="Vukovar massacre">Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Br%C4%91ani_%2791" title="Operation Brđani '91">Brđani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osijek" title="Battle of Osijek">Osijek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gospi%C4%87" title="Battle of Gospić">Gospić</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospi%C4%87_massacre" title="Gospić massacre">Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrinja_Fighting" title="Petrinja Fighting">Petrinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kusonje" title="Battle of Kusonje">Kusonje</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korana bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barracks" title="Battle of the Barracks">The Barracks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vara%C5%BEdin_Barracks" title="Siege of Varaždin Barracks">Varaždin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bjelovar_Barracks" title="Siege of Bjelovar Barracks">Bjelovar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zadar" title="Battle of Zadar">Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%A0ibenik" title="Battle of Šibenik">Šibenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Yugoslav_campaign_in_Croatia" title="1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia">JNA campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dubrovnik" title="Siege of Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Ceri%C4%87" title="Capture of Cerić">Cerić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Banski_Dvori" title="Bombing of the Banski Dvori">Banski Dvori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Slunj" title="Siege of Slunj">Slunj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iroka_Kula_massacre" title="Široka Kula massacre">Široka Kula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovas_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovas massacre">Lovas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clashes_in_Bogdanovci" title="Clashes in Bogdanovci">Bogdanovci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ernestinovo" title="Battle of Ernestinovo">Ernestinovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%87in_massacre" title="Baćin massacre">Baćin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Barcs" title="Bombing of Barcs">Barcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saborsko_massacre" title="Saborsko massacre">Saborsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_convoy" title="Libertas convoy">Libertas convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEega_villages_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Požega villages killings">Požega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Swath-10" title="Operation Swath-10">Swath 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdut_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdut massacre">Erdut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dalmatian_Channels" title="Battle of the Dalmatian Channels">Dalmatian channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostri%C4%87i_massacre" title="Kostrići massacre"> Kostrići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%A0kabrnja_(1991)" title="Battle of Škabrnja (1991)">Škabrnja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kabrnja_massacre" title="Škabrnja massacre">Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Antunovac" title="Battle for Antunovac">Antunovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_plan" title="Vance plan">Vance plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Whirlwind" title="Operation Whirlwind">Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulin_Dvor_massacre" title="Paulin Dvor massacre">Paulin Dvor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornje_Jame_massacre" title="Gornje Jame massacre">Gornje Jame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Orkan_91" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Orkan 91">Orkan 91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vo%C4%87in_massacre" title="Voćin massacre">Voćin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C5%A1evica_massacre" title="Joševica massacre">Joševica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Devil%27s_Beam" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Devil's Beam">Devil's Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bru%C5%A1ka_massacre" title="Bruška massacre">Bruška</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrsar_airport_bombing" title="Vrsar airport bombing">Vrsar airport</a></li></ul> <p><b>1992</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarajevo Agreement">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_European_Community_Monitor_Mission_helicopter_downing" title="1992 European Community Monitor Mission helicopter downing">ECMM helicopter downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baranja" title="Operation Baranja">Baranja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Miljevci_Plateau" title="Battle of the Miljevci Plateau">Miljevci Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1992)" title="Operation Tiger (1992)">Tiger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Liberated_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Liberated Land">Liberated Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Konavle" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Konavle">Konavle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vla%C5%A1tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vlaštica">Vlaštica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Berbir" title="Operation Berbir">Berbir</a></li></ul> <p><b>1993</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maslenica" title="Operation Maslenica">Maslenica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Chameleon_%2793&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Chameleon '93 (page does not exist)">Chameleon '93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Medak_Pocket" title="Operation Medak Pocket">Medak Pocket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rain" title="Operation Rain">Rain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Angela" title="Operation Angela">Angela</a></li></ul> <p><b>1994</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Winter '94</a></li></ul> <p><b>1995</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 1">Leap 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flash" title="Operation Flash">Flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medari_massacre" title="Medari massacre">Medari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_rocket_attacks" title="Zagreb rocket attacks">Zagreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 2">Leap 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Summer '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi%C4%87_killings" title="Komić killings">Komić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kijani_killings" title="Kijani killings">Kijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golubi%C4%87_killings" title="Golubić killings">Golubić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzdolje_killings" title="Uzdolje killings">Uzdolje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1995_Bosanski_Petrovac_refugee_column_bombing" title="August 1995 Bosanski Petrovac refugee column bombing">Bosanski Petrovac bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvor_massacre" title="Dvor massacre">Dvor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grubori_massacre" title="Grubori massacre">Grubori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go%C5%A1i%C4%87_killings" title="Gošić killings">Gošić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Maestral 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Una" title="Operation Una">Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varivode_massacre" title="Varivode massacre">Varivode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vukovar_%2795" title="Operation Vukovar '95">Vukovar '95</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Timeline of the Croatian War of Independence">Timeline of all major events</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Log Revolution</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Croats_in_Serbia_during_the_war_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Croats in Serbia during the war in Croatia">Events in Serbia</a></i></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Thirteen <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a> were extrajudicially killed at the <a href="/wiki/Korana" title="Korana">Korana</a> bridge in <a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> on 21 September 1991, during the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a>. Four others survived the massacre, two of whom sustained injuries. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Police">Croatian Police</a> officer Mihajlo Hrastov was arrested by the Croatian authorities in March 1992 and charged with the murders, but was acquitted at his subsequent trial. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Croatia" title="Supreme Court of Croatia">Supreme Court of Croatia</a> soon ordered a retrial, but no legal proceedings were initiated against him for the duration of the war. On 7 July 1995, Hrastov was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nikola_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_Zrinski" title="Order of Nikola Šubić Zrinski">Order of Nikola Šubić Zrinski</a> by Croatian president <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a>, and in April 1996, was named an honorary citizen of Karlovac. During the 2000s and early 2010s, Hrastov was retried multiple times by the Croatian judiciary before finally being sentenced to four years' imprisonment by the Supreme Court in 2012. In May 2015, the Supreme Court upheld Hrastov's four-year sentence. The length of Hrastov's sentence was criticized by several human rights advocates and <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a>. Also criticized was the Supreme Court's decision not to explicitly describe the killings as a <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crime</a> in its ruling or take into account witness testimony which suggested Hrastov was not the sole perpetrator. </p><p>Events commemorating the victims have caused substantial controversy within Karlovac and have been disrupted multiple times by Croatian war veterans. At a war veterans' event in 2021, Croatian president <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a> made comments that were widely perceived as being supportive of Hrastov. Later that year, on the thirtieth anniversary of the massacre, the Karlovac town council voted to name the bridge where the killings took place after Hrastov's special police unit. At a ceremony held later that day, a <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">mural</a> of Hrastov was unveiled next to the bridge. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korana_bridge_killings&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1988-89, a series of street protests dubbed <a href="/wiki/Anti-bureaucratic_revolution" title="Anti-bureaucratic revolution">anti-bureaucratic revolutions</a> by supporters of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Serbian</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> succeeded in overthrowing the government of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Montenegro" title="Socialist Republic of Montenegro">Socialist Republic of Montenegro</a>, as well as the governments of the Serbian autonomous provinces of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Autonomous_Province_of_Vojvodina" title="Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Autonomous_Province_of_Kosovo" title="Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, replacing their leaders with Milošević allies.<sup id="cite_ref-Ambrosio_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambrosio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the western Yugoslav republics of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Croatia</a> turned against Milošević.<sup id="cite_ref-Ambrosio_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambrosio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 July 1989, a large Serb nationalist rally was held in <a href="/wiki/Knin" title="Knin">Knin</a>, during which banners threatening a <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <i lang="sh">Jugoslovenska narodna armija</i>; JNA) intervention in Croatia, as well as <a href="/wiki/Chetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Chetnik">Chetnik</a> iconography, were displayed.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April–May 1990, <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a>'s right-wing, pro-independence <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Democratic Party">Croatian Democratic Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Hrvatska demokratska zajednica</i>; HDZ) triumphed in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Croatia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="1990 Croatian parliamentary election">first free multi-party elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Søberg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Søberg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The HDZ's election victory caused consternation amongst much of the <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Croatia" title="Serbs of Croatia">Croatian Serb</a> population, who likened the resurgence of <a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian nationalism</a> to the return of the <a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a> <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> regime which ruled the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. This, in turn, fed a rise in <a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian nationalism</a> in many Croatian Serb communities, which was encouraged by the government of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, led by Milošević.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 December 1990, representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Serb_Democratic_Party_(Croatia)" title="Serb Democratic Party (Croatia)">Serb Democratic Party</a> in Croatia proclaimed the establishment of three "Serbian Autonomous Oblasts": <a href="/wiki/SAO_Krajina" title="SAO Krajina">SAO Krajina</a>, <a href="/wiki/SAO_Western_Slavonia" title="SAO Western Slavonia">SAO Western Slavonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAO_Eastern_Slavonia,_Baranja_and_Western_Syrmia" title="SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia">SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Biondich_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biondich-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 May 1991, Croatia held a referendum on whether to secede from Yugoslavia. Largely boycotted by the Serb minority, the referendum passed with 94 percent voting in favour.<sup id="cite_ref-Søberg_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Søberg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 June, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and Croatia unilaterally declared independence, a move that prompted a brief and ill-fated military intervention by the JNA in Slovenia which came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Ten-Day War</a>. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Brioni_Agreement" title="Brioni Agreement">Brioni Agreement</a> of 18 July, representatives of Slovenia and Croatia agreed to delay their countries' formal independence by three months.<sup id="cite_ref-Biondich-209_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biondich-209-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 September, the Croatian leadership decided to begin blockading JNA barracks on the territory of Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-Calic_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calic-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 October, Slovene and Croatian officials announced they would fully implement their independence declarations. Open conflict soon erupted across much of central and eastern Croatia between Croatian military and paramilitary units and the JNA, whose status on the territory of Croatia was left ambiguous under the terms of the Brioni Agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-Biondich-209_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biondich-209-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This escalation was accompanied by the expulsion of <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> and other non-Serbs from areas where Serb paramilitaries established military control.<sup id="cite_ref-Calic_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calic-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Serbs living in Croatian towns, especially near the front lines, were subjected to various forms of harassment and attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the war, <a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a> was a prosperous <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> town known for its <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> production.<sup id="cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungvirth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1991, the municipality of Karlovac was home to approximately 22,000 ethnic Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town itself had around 14,500 Serb inhabitants, who accounted for 24.2 percent of its overall population.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It figured prominently in the ideology of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Radical_Party" title="Serbian Radical Party">Serbian Radical Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Vojislav_%C5%A0e%C5%A1elj" title="Vojislav Šešelj">Vojislav Šešelj</a>, who envisaged creating a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia#Virovitica–Karlovac–Karlobag_line" title="Greater Serbia">Virovitica–Karlovac–Karlobag line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The JNA had at least ten barracks, depots and other facilities in and around Karlovac, including an artillery brigade garrison, a light air defense regiment, a <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a> storage facility and engineer training facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 18 September, the JNA had secured <a href="/wiki/Petrinja" title="Petrinja">Petrinja</a>, crossed the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Kupa" title="Kupa">Kupa</a> River and reached the outskirts of Karlovac.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loss of Karlovac, which lay not far from the Slovenian border, would have effectively severed Croatia's coastal areas from the rest of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of the killings at the Korana bridge, heavy JNA shelling had resulted in extensive damage to Karlovac's historic town centre.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Killings">Killings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korana_bridge_killings&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Killings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to an account published by <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, on the evening of 21 September 1991, a group of predominantly Serb JNA reservists headed from <a href="/wiki/Slunj" title="Slunj">Slunj</a> towards Karlovac with the intention of relieving a besieged JNA garrison in the town. Upon reaching the bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Korana" title="Korana">Korana</a> River, they were intercepted by a local special unit which ordered them to surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the survivors, reservist Svetozar Šarac, stated that he and the other reservists stepped out of their vehicle in order to surrender and had clearly shown their intention to do so. They put their weapons and equipment on the pavement and lay on their stomachs, folding their arms behind their necks.<sup id="cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungvirth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reservists were then reportedly split in two, with nine being driven to the local police headquarters and later taken to <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>. The remaining reservists stayed at the bridge under the guard of police officer Mihajlo Hrastov and other law enforcement officials, who were waiting for vehicles from the Karlovac police headquarters to come and collect them. As they waited, three <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">main battle tanks</a> from the local JNA garrison fired at the bridge from a distance of 500 metres (1,600 ft). At this point, the reservists reportedly shouted or signaled to those in charge of the tanks to stop firing, which they did.<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Šarac, the reservists were then ordered to step off the bridge and walk on a path leading to a fishermen's <a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">hut</a> where they were again told to lie down. Shortly thereafter, one of the reservists had his throat slit. Šarac recounted that they were then ordered to go back to the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungvirth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Citing media reports, Amnesty International reported in 1991 that Hrastov had ordered the reservists to walk to the other side of the bridge and to line up against a <a href="/wiki/Parapet" title="Parapet">parapet</a>, at which point he began shooting at them.<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Šarac's testimony deviates from this account. According to him, three masked individuals carrying <a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">automatic rifles</a> approached them from the direction of the Korana Hotel and opened fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungvirth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The victims of the massacre were later identified as Mile and Nikola Babić, Vaso Bižić, Svetozar Gojković, Zoran Komadina, Božo Kozlina, Milenko Lukač, Slobodan Milovanović, Mile Peurača, Nebojša Popović, Milić Savić, Jovan Sipić and Miloš Srdić. All were from the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Krnjak" title="Krnjak">Krnjak</a> and its outskirts. Šarac, Duško Mrkić, Nebojša Jasnić and Branko Mađarac survived by jumping into the river.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a report published shortly after the killings, the Croatian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Croatia)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Croatia)">Ministry of the Interior</a> described Hrastov as the sole perpetrator. It asserted that he had been distressed by the incoming tank fire and shot the prisoners in a panic. According to the Ministry of the Interior, the bodies of the dead were brought to the Institute for Forensic Medicine in Zagreb, where postmortem examinations were performed. Several days later, the bodies of the killed reservists were returned to their families. A medical commission from <a href="/wiki/Vojni%C4%87" title="Vojnić">Vojnić</a> reported that several of the bodies showed signs of severe mutilation.<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korana_bridge_killings&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_proceedings">Legal proceedings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korana_bridge_killings&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legal proceedings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Karlovac_County_Court">Karlovac County Court</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korana_bridge_killings&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Karlovac County Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karlovac's District Public Prosecutor formally filed criminal charges against Hrastov on 22 September 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, Hrastov was not immediately detained. Instead, he was reassigned to the town of <a href="/wiki/Bjelovar" title="Bjelovar">Bjelovar</a>, in northern Croatia. He served as a member of an elite anti-terrorist unit of the Bjelovar Police Department until 5 March 1992, when he was arrested amidst increasing media scrutiny of his actions. In September 1992, Hrastov was acquitted on all counts by the Karlovac County Court after a four-day trial.<sup id="cite_ref-Balcanica_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balcanica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its ruling, the court accepted Hrastov's claim that he had killed the reservists in <a href="/wiki/Self-defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-defence">self-defence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungvirth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision was met with a standing ovation from all present in the courtroom. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Croatia" title="Supreme Court of Croatia">Supreme Court of Croatia</a> subsequently annulled the verdict and ordered a retrial, but no further legal action was taken against Hrastov for the duration of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Balcanica_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balcanica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 July 1995, Hrastov was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nikola_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_Zrinski" title="Order of Nikola Šubić Zrinski">Order of Nikola Šubić Zrinski</a> by Croatian president Franjo Tuđman for "heroic deeds in wartime".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a>, Hrastov allegedly served as the commander of a detention camp in the town of <a href="/wiki/Ozalj" title="Ozalj">Ozalj</a>, where ethnic Serb prisoners were subjected to torture. On 13 April 1996, he was named an honorary citizen of Karlovac by the Assembly of the Karlovac County Council. The decision was condemned by the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Helsinki_Committee" title="Croatian Helsinki Committee">Croatian Helsinki Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Balcanica_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balcanica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, Hrastov's retrial commenced before the Karlovac County Court.<sup id="cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungvirth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Widely regarded as a <a href="/wiki/War_hero" class="mw-redirect" title="War hero">war hero</a> in Karlovac,<sup id="cite_ref-Pavelic-10-09-2012_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pavelic-10-09-2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hrastov enjoyed extensive support from local veterans' organizations during the proceedings against him.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, he was again found not guilty on all counts.<sup id="cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungvirth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The verdict was subsequently appealed to the Supreme Court, which again ordered a retrial, citing "serious procedural violations".<sup id="cite_ref-AI-2010_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI-2010-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second retrial commenced in 2004 and was marked by multiple interruptions, including Hrastov's admission to a psychiatric facility. This retrial ultimately concluded with Hrastov once again being found not guilty of all charges.<sup id="cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungvirth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supreme_Court_of_Croatia">Supreme Court of Croatia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korana_bridge_killings&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Supreme Court of Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, the case was appealed to the Supreme Court for a third time. On this occasion, the Supreme Court decided it would preside over a third retrial itself and subsequently convicted Hrastov, sentencing him to eight years' imprisonment. On 24 November 2009, the conviction was upheld on appeal but Hrastov's sentence was reduced to seven years' imprisonment. In reaching its decision, the Supreme Court indicated that it considered Hrastov's military service during the war to have been a <a href="/wiki/Mitigating_factor" title="Mitigating factor">mitigating factor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AI-2010_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI-2010-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Association of Police Special Forces in Karlovac County expressed "bitterness" at the decision and made an appeal to veterans' organizations to refrain from "emotional reactions". The Croatian Cultural Council called the verdict "shameful and unsustainable", describing Hrastov as "a symbol of Karlovac's defence and a hero of the Homeland War".<sup id="cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungvirth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, Hrastov was released after the Constitutional Court overturned his conviction, ruling that the Supreme Court's failure to publish the verdict had violated Hrastov's human rights. By this point, the trial had become one of the longest in Croatian judicial history.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 September 2012, the Supreme Court once again found Hrastov found guilty of killing the reservists and sentenced him to four years' imprisonment. In its ruling, the court declared that Hrastov's actions had constituted a <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crime</a>. Judge Žarko Dundović justified the relatively short sentence on the grounds that Hrastov did not otherwise have a criminal history, that he was 70 percent disabled and suffered from <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a>, and that his wife was also ill.<sup id="cite_ref-Pavelic-10-09-2012_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pavelic-10-09-2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoran Pušić, president of the Citizens' Committee for Human Rights (GOLJP), remarked at a subsequent press conference that "it is difficult to see how four years in prison could be an adequate sentence for killing 13 people." Veselinka Kastratović, a representative of the <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organization</a> Center for Peace, Non-violence and Human Rights, noted that the Supreme Court had failed to properly examine testimonies which indicate that there were other perpetrators in addition to Hrastov who were involved in the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 May 2015, the Supreme Court upheld Hrastov's four-year sentence. On this occasion, the ruling failed to explicitly refer to the massacre as a war crime, describing it instead as "the unlawful killing and wounding of enemies."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2021, Hrastov complained to the <a href="/wiki/HINA" class="mw-redirect" title="HINA">HINA</a> news agency that the Croatian judiciary had ordered him to pay the Croatian government more than <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>350,000—the amount the government had paid out as compensation to the families of his victims. Željko Sačić of the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Sovereignists" title="Croatian Sovereignists">Croatian Sovereignists</a> subsequently raised the issue in the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatian Parliament</a>, saying he was "shocked and upset" by the news. "Hrastov served two-and-a-half years in prison," Sačić remarked, "his trials went on for 25 years, and in the end, he and his family will be financially destroyed for the benefit of the Greater Serbian aggressor."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commemorations">Commemorations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korana_bridge_killings&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Commemorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2013, to mark the 22nd anniversary of the massacre, mourners placed flowers and candles at the Korana bridge. This makeshift memorial was quickly removed by Croatian war veterans. Alojzije Čerkez, the president of the Karlovac branch of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Disabled_Homeland_War_Veterans%27_Association" title="Croatian Disabled Homeland War Veterans' Association">Croatian Disabled Homeland War Veterans' Association</a> (HVIDR-a), described it as "a provocation which must be cut off at the roots."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 September 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Serb_National_Council" title="Serb National Council">Serbian National Council</a> held a ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Nicholas,_Karlovac" title="Church of St. Nicholas, Karlovac">Church of St. Nicholas</a> in Karlovac to mark the 29th anniversary of the killings.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceremony was originally intended to be held at the bridge, but was moved to the church after Croatian war veterans organized demonstrations on and around the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-Pušić_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pušić-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the planned gathering, Karlovac mayor Damir Mandić wrote a post on <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> discouraging the organizers from holding a ceremony at the bridge and accused them of attempting "to deny the Greater Serbia policy of [Slobodan Milošević]," a claim the organizers rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 July 2021, Croatian president <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a> made comments that were widely perceived as being supportive of Hrastov at an event commemorating the Grom Special Police Unit of which Hrastov was a member.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the evening of 21–22 September 2021, the thirtieth anniversary of the massacre, the Town Assembly of Karlovac voted to rename the Korana bridge the Grom Special Police Unit Bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initiative came from supporters of the football club <a href="/wiki/GNK_Dinamo_Zagreb" title="GNK Dinamo Zagreb">Dinamo Zagreb</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Bad_Blue_Boys" title="Bad Blue Boys">Bad Blue Boys</a>) and veterans' associations.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority for the decision came from the local branch of the HDZ and the <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Movement_(Croatia)" title="Homeland Movement (Croatia)">Homeland Movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Representatives of the local branch of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Croatia" title="Social Democratic Party of Croatia">Social Democratic Party of Croatia</a> collectively left the session in protest.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The move was also condemned by the opposition party <a href="/wiki/We_Can!_%E2%80%93_Political_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="We Can! – Political Platform">We Can! – Political Platform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The renaming of the bridge was followed by the unveiling of a mural commemorating Hrastov later that evening.<sup id="cite_ref-Pušić_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pušić-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he expressed support for the renaming of the bridge, mayor Mandić declined to attend the unveiling of the mural.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korana_bridge_killings&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ambrosio-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ambrosio_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ambrosio_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmbrosio2001" class="citation book cs1">Ambrosio, Thomas (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XuPEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA33"><i>Irredentism: Ethnic Conflict and International Politics</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 33–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-07342-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-07342-7"><bdi>978-0-313-07342-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irredentism%3A+Ethnic+Conflict+and+International+Politics&rft.pages=33-34&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-313-07342-7&rft.aulast=Ambrosio&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXuPEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlaurdić2011" class="citation book cs1">Glaurdić, Josip (2011). <i>The Hour of Europe: Western Powers and the Breakup of Yugoslavia</i>. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 51–52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16629-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16629-3"><bdi>978-0-300-16629-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hour+of+Europe%3A+Western+Powers+and+the+Breakup+of+Yugoslavia&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=51-52&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-300-16629-3&rft.aulast=Glaurdi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Josip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Søberg-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Søberg_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Søberg_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSøberg2007" class="citation book cs1">Søberg, Marius (2007). "Croatia Since 1989: The HDZ and the Politics of Transition". In Matić, Davorka; Ramet, Sabrina P. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lIcX_1DyNMUC"><i>Democratic Transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education, and Media</i></a>. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60344-452-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60344-452-1"><bdi>978-1-60344-452-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Croatia+Since+1989%3A+The+HDZ+and+the+Politics+of+Transition&rft.btitle=Democratic+Transition+in+Croatia%3A+Value+Transformation%2C+Education%2C+and+Media&rft.place=College+Station%2C+Texas&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-60344-452-1&rft.aulast=S%C3%B8berg&rft.aufirst=Marius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlIcX_1DyNMUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmatta2010" class="citation book cs1">Armatta, Judith (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pXygFoqg-G0C"><i>Twilight of Impunity: The War Crimes Trial of Slobodan Milosevic</i></a>. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-82239-179-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-82239-179-1"><bdi>978-0-82239-179-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twilight+of+Impunity%3A+The+War+Crimes+Trial+of+Slobodan+Milosevic&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-82239-179-1&rft.aulast=Armatta&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpXygFoqg-G0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biondich-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biondich_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiondich2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Biondich" title="Mark Biondich">Biondich, Mark</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gt8SDAAAQBAJ"><i>The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878</i></a>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929905-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929905-8"><bdi>978-0-19-929905-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkans%3A+Revolution%2C+War%2C+and+Political+Violence+Since+1878&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-929905-8&rft.aulast=Biondich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgt8SDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biondich-209-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biondich-209_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biondich-209_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Biondich 2011, p. 209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calic-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Calic_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calic_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalic2010" class="citation book cs1">Calic, Marie-Janine (2010). "Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995". In Ingrao, Charles; Emmert, Thomas A. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IDMhDgCJCe0C"><i>Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative</i></a> (2nd ed.). West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5575-3617-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5575-3617-4"><bdi>978-1-5575-3617-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Cleansing+and+War+Crimes%2C+1991%E2%80%931995&rft.btitle=Confronting+the+Yugoslav+Controversies%3A+A+Scholars%27+Initiative&rft.place=West+Lafayette%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=121&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-5575-3617-4&rft.aulast=Calic&rft.aufirst=Marie-Janine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIDMhDgCJCe0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldstein 1999, p. 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jungvirth-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jungvirth_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJungvirth2009" class="citation web cs1">Jungvirth, Goran (2 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iwpr.net/global-voices/croatian-court-convicts-senior-policeman-marathon-case">"Croatian Court Convicts Senior Policeman in Marathon Case"</a>. <i>Institute for War & Peace Reporting</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+War+%26+Peace+Reporting&rft.atitle=Croatian+Court+Convicts+Senior+Policeman+in+Marathon+Case&rft.date=2009-05-02&rft.aulast=Jungvirth&rft.aufirst=Goran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiwpr.net%2Fglobal-voices%2Fcroatian-court-convicts-senior-policeman-marathon-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukicLynch1996" class="citation book cs1">Lukic, Renéo; Lynch, Allen (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WPhhLfp8huIC"><i>Europe from the Balkans to the Urals: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union</i></a>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19829-200-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19829-200-5"><bdi>978-0-19829-200-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe+from+the+Balkans+to+the+Urals%3A+The+Disintegration+of+Yugoslavia+and+the+Soviet+Union&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19829-200-5&rft.aulast=Lukic&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9o&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWPhhLfp8huIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Goldstein, Ivo</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HJexhW3C0TIC"><i>Croatia: A History</i></a>. Translated by Nikolina Jovanović. Montreal, Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2017-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2017-2"><bdi>978-0-7735-2017-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia%3A+A+History&rft.place=Montreal%2C+Canada&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-2017-2&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHJexhW3C0TIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGow2003" class="citation book cs1">Gow, James (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1PP987m08R8C"><i>The Serbian Project and Its Adversaries: A Strategy of War Crimes</i></a>. Montreal, Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-77352-385-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-77352-385-2"><bdi>978-0-77352-385-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbian+Project+and+Its+Adversaries%3A+A+Strategy+of+War+Crimes&rft.place=Montreal%2C+Canada&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-77352-385-2&rft.aulast=Gow&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1PP987m08R8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency2003" class="citation book cs1">Central Intelligence Agency (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003797929"><i>Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995</i></a>. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: Office of Russian and European Analysis. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16066-472-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16066-472-4"><bdi>978-0-16066-472-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Battlegrounds%3A+A+Military+History+of+the+Yugoslav+Conflict%2C+1990%E2%80%931995&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Office+of+Russian+and+European+Analysis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-16066-472-4&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F003797929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldstein 1999, p. 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhrens2007" class="citation book cs1">Ahrens, Geert-Hinrich (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b3fLRcHYSVAC"><i>Diplomacy on the Edge: Containment of Ethnic Conflict and the Minorities Working Group of the Conferences on Yugoslavia</i></a>. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 124–125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80188-557-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80188-557-0"><bdi>978-0-80188-557-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diplomacy+on+the+Edge%3A+Containment+of+Ethnic+Conflict+and+the+Minorities+Working+Group+of+the+Conferences+on+Yugoslavia&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=124-125&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-80188-557-0&rft.aulast=Ahrens&rft.aufirst=Geert-Hinrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db3fLRcHYSVAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet1992" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P. 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Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-25334-794-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-25334-794-7"><bdi>978-0-25334-794-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalism+and+Federalism+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1962%E2%80%931991&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-25334-794-7&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amnesty-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmnesty_International1991" class="citation web cs1">Amnesty International (November 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/196000/eur480261991en.pdf">"Yugoslavia – Torture and Deliberate and Arbitrary Killings in War Zones"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London, England: Amnesty International Publications. pp. 8–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia+%E2%80%93+Torture+and+Deliberate+and+Arbitrary+Killings+in+War+Zones&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=8-9&rft.pub=Amnesty+International+Publications&rft.date=1991-11&rft.au=Amnesty+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fdownload%2FDocuments%2F196000%2Feur480261991en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorana+bridge+killings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documenta.hr/novosti/30-godisnjica-zlocina-na-koranskom-mostu/">"30. godišnjica zločina na Koranskom mostu"</a>. <i>Documenta</i> (in Croatian). 21 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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