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id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senator_(1992–1998)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senator_(1992–1998)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Senator (1992–1998)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senator_(1992–1998)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice_presidency_(1998–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_presidency_(1998–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vice presidency (1998–2001)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice_presidency_(1998–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_(2001–2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_(2001–2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Presidency (2001–2010)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency_(2001–2010)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Presidency (2001–2010) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency_(2001–2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_term_(2001–2004)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term_(2001–2004)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>First term (2001–2004)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_term_(2001–2004)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption_charges_and_Oakwood_Mutiny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption_charges_and_Oakwood_Mutiny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Corruption charges and Oakwood Mutiny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption_charges_and_Oakwood_Mutiny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>2004 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term_(2004–2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term_(2004–2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Second term (2004–2010)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_term_(2004–2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2004_presidential_election_rigging_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004_presidential_election_rigging_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>2004 presidential election rigging allegations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004_presidential_election_rigging_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006_State_of_emergency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_State_of_emergency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>2006 State of emergency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_State_of_emergency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charter_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charter_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Charter change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charter_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-K–12_implementation_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#K–12_implementation_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>K–12 implementation process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-K–12_implementation_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Domestic policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Foreign policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_and_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Administration and cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_perception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_perception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Public perception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_perception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-presidency_(2010–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-presidency_(2010–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Post-presidency (2010–present)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-presidency_(2010–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-presidency (2010–present) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-presidency_(2010–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives_(2010–2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives_(2010–2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>House of Representatives (2010–2019)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives_(2010–2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2011_spinal_surgery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_spinal_surgery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>2011 spinal surgery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_spinal_surgery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_hospital_arrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_hospital_arrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>2011 hospital arrest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_hospital_arrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014_medical_problems_and_reapplication_for_bail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_medical_problems_and_reapplication_for_bail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>2014 medical problems and reapplication for bail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_medical_problems_and_reapplication_for_bail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015_United_Nations_Working_Group_on_Arbitrary_Detention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_United_Nations_Working_Group_on_Arbitrary_Detention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.4</span> <span>2015 United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_United_Nations_Working_Group_on_Arbitrary_Detention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_Supreme_Court_acquittal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_Supreme_Court_acquittal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.5</span> <span>2016 Supreme Court acquittal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_Supreme_Court_acquittal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speaker_of_the_House_(2018–2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speaker_of_the_House_(2018–2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Speaker of the House (2018–2019)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speaker_of_the_House_(2018–2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Political retirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives_(2022–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives_(2022–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>House of Representatives (2022–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives_(2022–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scouting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scouting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Scouting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scouting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approval_ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approval_ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Approval ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approval_ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Honors and awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honors and awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Foreign honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Honorary degrees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Recognitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88" title="غلوريا ماكاباغال أرويو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غلوريا ماكاباغال أرويو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B" title="গ্লোরিয়া মাকাপাগাল আরোইয়ো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্লোরিয়া মাকাপাগাল আরোইয়ো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Глорыя Макапагал-Ароя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Глорыя Макапагал-Ароя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Глория Макапагал-Оройо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Глория Макапагал-Оройо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyov%C3%A1" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γκλόρια Αρόγιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκλόρια Αρόγιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="گلوریا آرویو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلوریا آرویو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%ED%8C%8C%EA%B0%88_%EC%95%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%9A%94" title="글로리아 마카파갈 아로요 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="글로리아 마카파갈 아로요" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%B8" title="Մարիա Մակապագալ Առոյո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարիա Մակապագալ Առոյո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95" title="גלוריה מקפגל ארויו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלוריה מקפגל ארויו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D-%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A" title="ಗ್ಲೋರಿಯ ಮಾಕಪಾಗಲ್-ಅರ್ರೋಯೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ಲೋರಿಯ ಮಾಕಪಾಗಲ್-ಅರ್ರೋಯೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D" title="გლორია მაკაპაგალ-აროიო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გლორია მაკაპაგალ-აროიო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Глория Макапагал-Арройо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Глория Макапагал-Арройо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorija_Makapagala-Arojo" title="Glorija Makapagala-Arojo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Glorija Makapagala-Arojo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BE" title="Глорија Макапагал-Аројо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Глорија Макапагал-Аројо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="ग्लोरिया मॅकापगाल-अरोयो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्लोरिया मॅकापगाल-अरोयो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88" title="جلوريا ماكاباجال ارويو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جلوريا ماكاباجال ارويو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ဂလိုရီရာ မာဂါပါကယ် အာရိုယို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂလိုရီရာ မာဂါပါကယ် အာရိုယို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A8" title="グロリア・アロヨ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グロリア・アロヨ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal" title="Gloria Macapagal – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Gloria Macapagal" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE,_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Макапагал-Арройо, Глория – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макапагал-Арройо, Глория" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagalov%C3%A1-Arroyov%C3%A1" title="Gloria Macapagalová-Arroyová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gloria Macapagalová-Arroyová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%86" title="گلۆریا ئارۆیۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گلۆریا ئارۆیۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BE" title="Глорија Макапагал Аројо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Глорија Макапагал Аројо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B" title="குளோரியா மகபகல்-அர்ரொயோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குளோரியா மகபகல்-அர்ரொயோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5-%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2" title="กลอเรีย มาคาปากัล-อาร์โรโย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลอเรีย มาคาปากัล-อาร์โรโย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Глория Арруйо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Глория Арруйо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Глорія Макапагал-Арройо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Глорія Макапагал-Арройо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%95%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94-%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%A6" title="格洛丽亚·马卡帕加尔-阿罗约 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格洛丽亚·马卡帕加尔-阿罗约" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%84" title="阿羅約 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿羅約" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%95%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94-%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%A6" title="格洛丽亚·马卡帕加尔-阿罗约 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格洛丽亚·马卡帕加尔-阿罗约" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q123665#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Philippine name</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wife" title="Wife">married women</a>, the birth <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> or maternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i>Macaraeg</i>, the birth surname or paternal family name is <i>Macapagal</i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">marital name</a> is <i>Arroyo</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Arroyo_(06-14-2006).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg/220px-President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg/330px-President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg/440px-President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Arroyo in 2006</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">14th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i> None</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(January 20 – February 7, 2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001–2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2004–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">10th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Joseph Estrada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">21st <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 23, 2018 – June 30, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pantaleon_Alvarez" title="Pantaleon Alvarez">Pantaleon Alvarez</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Officer_in_Charge_(Philippines)" title="Officer in Charge (Philippines)">Officer in Charge</a></b></span><br />November 30, 2006 – February 1, 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Herself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Avelino Cruz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_Ebdane" title="Hermogenes Ebdane">Hermogenes Ebdane</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Officer_in_Charge_(Philippines)" title="Officer in Charge (Philippines)">Acting</a></b></span><br />September 1, 2003 – October 2, 2003</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Herself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Reyes" title="Angelo Reyes">Angelo Reyes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Ermita" title="Eduardo Ermita">Eduardo Ermita</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">21st <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development">Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1998 – October 12, 2000</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Joseph Estrada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Lilian Laigo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dulce_Saguisag" title="Dulce Saguisag">Dulce Saguisag</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senator of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Senior <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 25, 2022 – May 17, 2023<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/19th_Congress_of_the_Philippines#Leadership" title="19th Congress of the Philippines"><i>several others</i></a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">House Speaker</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Romualdez" title="Martin Romualdez">Martin Romualdez</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Gonzales_Jr." title="Aurelio Gonzales Jr.">Aurelio Gonzales Jr.</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 15, 2016 – March 15, 2017<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/17th_Congress_of_the_Philippines#Leadership" title="17th Congress of the Philippines"><i>several others</i></a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">House Speaker</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pantaleon Alvarez</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Puno" title="Roberto Puno">Roberto Puno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linabelle_Villarica" title="Linabelle Villarica">Linabelle Villarica</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 17, 2023 – November 7, 2023<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/19th_Congress_of_the_Philippines#Leadership" title="19th Congress of the Philippines"><i>several others</i></a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Aurelio Gonzales Jr.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tonypet_Albano" title="Tonypet Albano">Tonypet Albano</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pampanga%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pampanga's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />June 30, 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mikey_Arroyo" title="Mikey Arroyo">Mikey Arroyo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mikey Arroyo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mikey Arroyo</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Presidential Adviser on Clark Flagship Programs and Projects</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 26, 2020 – October 4, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Rodrigo Duterte</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Undersecretary of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Department of Trade and Industry</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1987–1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas–CMD</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2008–2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Teodoro" title="Gilbert Teodoro">Gilbert Teodoro</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1947-04-05</span>) </span>April 5, 1947<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 77)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas–CMD</a> (2008–2017; 2020–present)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a> (2017–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas–NUCD</a> (1998–2008)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kabalikat_ng_Malayang_Pilipino" title="Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino">KAMPI</a> (1997–2008)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a> (1992–1998)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jose_Miguel_Arroyo" title="Jose Miguel Arroyo">Jose Miguel Arroyo</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1968)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Mikey_Arroyo" title="Mikey Arroyo">Mikey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal_Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Diosdado Macapagal Arroyo">Dato</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Macapagal" title="Eva Macapagal">Eva Macapagal</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_College_San_Lorenzo" title="Assumption College San Lorenzo">Assumption College San Lorenzo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Economics" title="Master of Economics">MEcon</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">University of the Philippines Diliman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Economist</li><li>professor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arroyo_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arroyo_Signature.svg/128px-Arroyo_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arroyo_Signature.svg/192px-Arroyo_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arroyo_Signature.svg/256px-Arroyo_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="182" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_(19th_Congress).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/75px-Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/113px-Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/150px-Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="586" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_life">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arroyo_family" title="Category:Arroyo family">Family</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>14th President of the Philippines</b> </p> <hr /> <p><b>Policies</b> </p> <ul><li>Foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="List of international presidential trips made by Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visiting_forces_agreement" title="Visiting forces agreement">Visiting forces agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">US designation of the Philippines<br /> as a major non-NATO ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Charter" title="ASEAN Charter">ASEAN Charter</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>First term</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution" title="Second EDSA Revolution">EDSA II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">1st inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Presidency</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EDSA_III" title="EDSA III">EDSA III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">Operation Freedom Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood_mutiny" title="Oakwood mutiny">Oakwood mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer_Fund_scam" title="Fertilizer Fund scam">Fertilizer Fund scam</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Second term</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2004 Philippine presidential election">2004 Philippine presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello_Garci_scandal" title="Hello Garci scandal">Hello Garci scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Second inauguration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">2nd inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacienda_Luisita#November_2004_Massacre" title="Hacienda Luisita">Hacienda Luisita massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_SuperFerry_14_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing">2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Executive_Order_464" title="Philippine Executive Order 464">Executive Order 464</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_state_of_emergency_in_the_Philippines" title="2006 state of emergency in the Philippines">2006 state of emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Declaration_on_East_Asian_Energy_Security" title="Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security">East Asian Energy Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Peninsula_siege" title="Manila Peninsula siege">Manila Peninsula siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambansa_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Batasang Pambansa bombing">Batasang Pambansa bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_Generals_scandal" title="Euro Generals scandal">Euro Generals scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Broadband_Network_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine National Broadband Network controversy">NBN/ZTE scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines#K–12_(2012–present)" title="Education in the Philippines">K–12 implementation process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_flu_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 flu pandemic in the Philippines">2009 flu pandemic in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Ketsana" title="Typhoon Ketsana">Ketsana (Ondoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_massacre" title="Maguindanao massacre">Maguindanao massacre</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Senator of the Philippines</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_general_election" title="1992 Philippine general election">Philippine Senator</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Vice President of the Philippines</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_general_election" title="1998 Philippine general election">1998 Philippine general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Social Welfare and Development (Philippines)">DSWD secretary</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Post-Presidency</b> </p> <ul><li>Member of the House of Representatives from <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pampanga%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pampanga's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_general_election" title="2010 Philippine general election">2010 House of Representatives election</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_general_election" title="2013 Philippine general election">2013</a>, <a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_general_election" title="2016 Philippine general election">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 hospital arrest</li> <li>2016 Supreme Court acquittal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Deputy Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Speaker</a></li></ul> <hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_sidebar" title="Template:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_sidebar" title="Template talk:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Tagalog:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">[ˈɡloɾja<span class="wrap"> </span>makapaˈɡal<span class="wrap"> </span>ʔaˈɾojo]</a></span>; born April 5, 1947<sup id="cite_ref-CBIY_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), often referred to as <b>PGMA</b> or <b>GMA</b>, is a Filipino academic and politician who served as the 14th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">president of the Philippines</a> from <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">2001 to 2010</a>. She is the longest-serving president since <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>. Before her presidency, she was the 10th <a href="/wiki/Vice_president_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice president of the Philippines">vice president of the Philippines</a> from 1998 to 2001 under President <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>, becoming the first female vice president. She was also a <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">senator</a> from 1992 to 1998. After her presidency, she was elected as the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">representative</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pampanga%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pampanga's 2nd congressional district">Pampanga's 2nd district</a> in 2010 and continues to serve in this role. She also served as the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">speaker of the House</a> from 2018 to 2019, and as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">deputy speaker</a> from 2016 to 2017 and 2022 to 2023. Alongside former president <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a>, she is one of only two Filipinos to hold at least three of the four highest offices: vice president, president, and house speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arroyo is the first president to succeed the presidency as the child of a previous president; her father was <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a>, the country's <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">ninth</a> president from 1961 to 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She studied economics at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> in the United States, where she became friends with her classmate and future U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then became a professor of economics at the <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a>, where her eventual successor, President <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a>, was one of her students. She entered government in 1987 as assistant secretary and undersecretary of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Department of Trade and Industry</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a>, Benigno's mother. </p><p>After Estrada was accused of corruption, Arroyo resigned from her cabinet position as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (Philippines)">secretary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Department of Social Welfare and Development">Department of Social Welfare and Development</a> and joined the opposition against the president. Estrada was ousted by the <a href="/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution" title="Second EDSA Revolution">Second EDSA Revolution</a> in 2001, and Arroyo was sworn in as president by <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide_Jr." title="Hilario Davide Jr.">Hilario Davide Jr.</a> on January 20. The <a href="/wiki/Oakwood_mutiny" title="Oakwood mutiny">Oakwood mutiny</a> occurred in 2003 during her administration.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was elected to a full six-year term in the controversial <a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2004 Philippine presidential election">2004 presidential election</a> and was sworn in on June 30, 2004. A long-time opponent of the death penalty,<sup id="cite_ref-MSdud_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSdud-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she abolished <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Philippines" title="Capital punishment in the Philippines">capital punishment</a> in 2006 after commuting the death sentences of over 1,200 prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 18, 2011, Arroyo was arrested and held at the <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Memorial_Medical_Center" title="Veterans Memorial Medical Center">Veterans Memorial Medical Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> on charges of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral sabotage</a><sup id="cite_ref-vmmc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vmmc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alvarez_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alvarez-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but released on bail in July 2012. These charges were later dropped for lack of evidence. She was rearrested in October 2012 on charges of misuse of $8.8 million in state lottery funds.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was given hospital arrest due to life-threatening health conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte">presidency of Rodrigo Duterte</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a> acquitted her by a vote of 11–4.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the Supreme Court declared the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Department of Justice</a>'s 'hold departure orders' unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arroyo's lawyers stated afterward that she no longer needed her medical paraphernalia.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arroyo is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Academy_of_the_Spanish_Language" title="Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language">Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and supported the teaching of Spanish in the country's education system during her presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arroyo was born as Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5, 1947, in <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a>, Philippines, to lawyer <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Eva_Macapagal" title="Eva Macapagal">Evangelina Guico Macaraeg Macapagal</a>. She is the sister of Diosdado "Boboy" Macapagal Jr. She has two older siblings from her father's first marriage with Purita de la Rosa, the sister of <a href="/wiki/Rogelio_de_la_Rosa" title="Rogelio de la Rosa">Rogelio de la Rosa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arturo Macapagal and Cielo Macapagal Salgado.<sup id="cite_ref-CBIY_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Almanac_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almanac-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was raised mostly in <a href="/wiki/Lubao" title="Lubao">Lubao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a> and during summer vacations, she lived with her maternal grandmother in <a href="/wiki/Iligan_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Iligan City">Iligan City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBIY_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She moved with her family into <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> when her father became president. A municipality was named in her honor, <a href="/wiki/Gloria,_Oriental_Mindoro" title="Gloria, Oriental Mindoro">Gloria, Oriental Mindoro</a>. She attended <a href="/wiki/Assumption_College_San_Lorenzo" title="Assumption College San Lorenzo">Assumption Convent</a> for her elementary and high school education, graduating <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> in 1964. Arroyo then studied for two years at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Walsh_School_of_Foreign_Service" title="Walsh School of Foreign Service">Walsh School of Foreign Service</a> in Washington, D.C. where she was a classmate of future United States president <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from <a href="/wiki/Assumption_College_San_Lorenzo" title="Assumption College San Lorenzo">Assumption College San Lorenzo</a> graduating <a href="/wiki/Magna_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna cum laude">magna cum laude</a> in 1968. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1968, Arroyo married lawyer and businessman <a href="/wiki/Jose_Miguel_Arroyo" title="Jose Miguel Arroyo">Jose Miguel Arroyo</a> of <a href="/wiki/Binalbagan,_Negros_Occidental" class="mw-redirect" title="Binalbagan, Negros Occidental">Binalbagan, Negros Occidental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBIY_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have three children: including <a href="/wiki/Mikey_Arroyo" title="Mikey Arroyo">Juan Miguel</a> (born 1969), <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Dato_Arroyo" title="Dato Arroyo">Diosdado Ignacio Jose Maria</a> (born 1974). She received a master's degree in economics at the <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a> (1978) and a Ph.D. in economics from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">University of the Philippines Diliman</a> (1985).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1977 to 1987, she held teaching positions in several schools, including the University of the Philippines and the Ateneo de Manila University. She became chairperson of the Economics Department at Assumption College.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS). Only a mere statement of GMA having the position, but no evidence (e.g. statement or document) from Assumption (July 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1987, she was invited by President <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> to join the government as assistant secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Department of Trade and Industry</a>. She was promoted to undersecretary two years later. In her concurrent position as executive director of the Garments and Textile Export Board, Arroyo oversaw the rapid growth of the garment industry in the late 1980s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senator_(1992–1998)"><span id="Senator_.281992.E2.80.931998.29"></span>Senator (1992–1998)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Senator (1992–1998)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arroyo entered politics in the <a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1992 Philippine Senate election">1992 election</a>, running for <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">senator</a>. At the first general election under the 1987 Constitution, the top twelve vote-getting senatorial candidates would win a six-year term, and the next twelve candidates would win a three-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arroyo ranked 13th in the elections, earning a three-year term. She was <a href="/wiki/1995_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1995 Philippine Senate election">re-elected in 1995</a>, topping the senatorial election with nearly 16 million votes. </p><p>As a legislator, Arroyo filed over 400 bills and authored or sponsored 55 laws during her tenure as senator, including the Anti-Sexual Harassment Law, the Indigenous People's Rights Law, and the Export Development Act.<sup id="cite_ref-CBIY_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1995 Mining Act, which allows 100% foreign ownership of Philippine mines, has come under fire from left-wing political groups.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Arroyo was also openly against the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Philippines" title="Capital punishment in the Philippines">capital punishment</a> in the country, advocating instead for better criminal rehabilitation during her time as Senator.<sup id="cite_ref-MSdud_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSdud-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice_presidency_(1998–2001)"><span id="Vice_presidency_.281998.E2.80.932001.29"></span>Vice presidency (1998–2001)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vice presidency (1998–2001)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arroyo considered a run for the presidency in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_general_election" title="1998 Philippine general election">1998 election</a>, but was persuaded by President <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> and leaders of the administration party <a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas-NUCD</a> to instead seek the vice-presidency as the running mate of its presidential candidate, House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose de Venecia, Jr.">Jose de Venecia, Jr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-Malaya_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaya-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the latter lost to popular former actor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>, Arroyo won the vice presidency by a large margin, garnering more than twice the votes of her closest opponent, Estrada's running mate Senator <a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-presproj_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presproj-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arroyo began her term as vice president on June 30, 1998, becoming the first female to hold the post. She was appointed by Estrada to a concurrent position in the cabinet as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development">secretary of social welfare and development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Malaya_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaya-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As vice president, she was noted by political observers to continuously take a neutral stance on issues facing the government.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arroyo resigned from the Cabinet in October 2000, distancing herself from Estrada, who was accused of corruption by a former political supporter, <a href="/wiki/Chavit_Singson" title="Chavit Singson">Chavit Singson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ilocos_Sur" title="Governor of Ilocos Sur">Governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had initially resisted pressure from allies to speak out against Estrada,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but eventually joined calls for Estrada's resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency_(2001–2010)"><span id="Presidency_.282001.E2.80.932010.29"></span>Presidency (2001–2010)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Presidency 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navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term_(2001–2004)"><span id="First_term_.282001.E2.80.932004.29"></span>First term (2001–2004)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First term (2001–2004)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_APEC_2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/President_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_APEC_2001.jpg/180px-President_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_APEC_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/President_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_APEC_2001.jpg/270px-President_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_APEC_2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/President_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_APEC_2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>Arroyo in 2001</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Succession">Succession</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The last quarter of 2000 up to the first week of January 2001 was a period of political and economic uncertainty for the Philippines. On January 16, 2001, the impeachment trial also took a new direction. Private prosecutors walked out of the trial when pro-Estrada senators prevented the opening of an evidence (a brown envelope) containing bank records allegedly owned by President <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>. With the walkout, the impeachment trial was not completed and Filipinos eventually took to the streets in masses to continue the clamor for President Estrada's resignation. From January 17 to 20, 2001, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered at <a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">Epifanio de los Santos Avenue</a> (EDSA), the site of the original <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a>. The clamor for a change in the presidency gained momentum as various sectors of Philippine society – professionals, students, artists, politicians, leftist and rightist groups – joined what became known as <a href="/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution" title="Second EDSA Revolution">EDSA II</a>. Officials of the administration, the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a> (AFP) and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippine National Police</a> (PNP), the latter led by <a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a>, also withdrew their support for President Estrada. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NDS_reverse_200_Philippine_peso_bill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/NDS_reverse_200_Philippine_peso_bill.jpg/220px-NDS_reverse_200_Philippine_peso_bill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/NDS_reverse_200_Philippine_peso_bill.jpg/330px-NDS_reverse_200_Philippine_peso_bill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/NDS_reverse_200_Philippine_peso_bill.jpg/440px-NDS_reverse_200_Philippine_peso_bill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption>Arroyo displayed on a <a href="/wiki/New_Design_series" title="New Design series">New Design series</a> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_two_hundred_peso_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine two hundred peso bill">two hundred-peso banknote</a>, being sworn in as president by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide_Jr." title="Hilario Davide Jr.">Hilario Davide Jr.</a> in January 2001</figcaption></figure> <p>Days after leaving Malacañang Palace, President Estrada's lawyers and allies questioned the legitimacy of Arroyo's presidency before the Supreme Court, with Senator <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> among the more outspoken politicians to call for his reinstatement as president.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrada reiterated that he had not officially resigned as president and that at most, Arroyo was just serving in an acting capacity. The high court, however, voted unanimously to uphold the legitimacy of Arroyo's succession. As a consequence, Estrada no longer enjoys immunity from charges being filed against him. </p><p>In the last week of April 2001, the Sandiganbayan ordered the arrest of Estrada and his son, then mayor <a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a>, for plunder charges. A few days later, Estrada supporters protested his arrest, gathered at the EDSA Shrine, and staged what they called, <a href="/wiki/EDSA_III" title="EDSA III">EDSA III</a> – comparing their actions to the People Power revolution of 1986 and January 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thousands of protesters demanded the release of Estrada. Eventually, they also called for the ouster of Arroyo and the reinstatement of the former. On May 1, 2001, they marched towards Malacañang to force Arroyo to give in to their demands. Violence erupted when the protesters attempted to storm the presidential palace and the military and police were ordered to use their arms to drive them back. Arroyo declared a state of rebellion because of the violence and prominent political personalities affiliated with Estrada were charged and arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The so-called EDSA III was the first serious political challenge to the Arroyo presidency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corruption_charges_and_Oakwood_Mutiny">Corruption charges and Oakwood Mutiny</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Corruption charges and Oakwood Mutiny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oakwood_mutiny" title="Oakwood mutiny">Oakwood mutiny</a></div> <p>The Oakwood mutiny occurred in the Philippines on July 27, 2003. A group of 321 armed soldiers who called themselves "<i>Bagong Katipuneros</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-laurel_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laurel-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Navy Lt. <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Trillanes_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Trillanes IV">Antonio Trillanes IV</a> took over the Oakwood Premier Ayala Center (now Ascott Makati) serviced apartment tower in <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a> to show the Filipino people the alleged corruption of the Gloria Macapagal Arroyo administration, believing that the president was going to declare <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2004_presidential_election">2004 presidential election</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2004 presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #DEDEDE;"><span style="font-size:80%">Presidential styles of</span><br /><b><span class="fn">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</span></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Her Excellency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Your Excellency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative style</th><td class="infobox-data">Madam President</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Article VII Section 4 of the <a href="/wiki/1987_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Constitution">1987 Constitution</a> explicitly states that the president of the Philippines can only serve for one term. However, the same provision also implicitly states that a president's successor who has not served for more than four years can still seek a full term for the presidency. Although Arroyo fell under this category, she initially announced on December 29, 2002, that she would not seek the presidency in 2004. She emphasized that she would devote her remaining months in office to serving the people and improving the economy of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2003, Arroyo changed her mind and announced that she will run in the May 2004 presidential elections and seek a direct mandate from the people. She explained, "There is a higher cause — to change society...in a way that flourishes our future".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With her decision, the initial criticisms hurled against Arroyo centered on her lack of word of honor. </p><p>As predicted by SWS exit polls, Arroyo won the election by a margin of over one million votes against Poe. However, the congressional canvassing was quite contentious as opposition lawmakers in the National Board of Canvassers argued that there were many discrepancies in the election returns and that insinuations of cheating were raised.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 23, 2004, Congress proclaimed Arroyo and <a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a> as president and vice president, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term_(2004–2010)"><span id="Second_term_.282004.E2.80.932010.29"></span>Second term (2004–2010)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second term (2004–2010)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2004 presidential campaign">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2004 presidential campaign</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2004_presidential_election_rigging_allegations">2004 presidential election rigging allegations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2004 presidential election rigging allegations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arroyo_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Arroyo_inauguration.jpg/225px-Arroyo_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Arroyo_inauguration.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>Arroyo taking her Oath of Office for a full term as president before Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide_Jr." title="Hilario Davide Jr.">Hilario Davide Jr.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a> on June 30, 2004.</figcaption></figure> <p>On June 30, 2004, in a break with tradition, Arroyo first delivered her inaugural speech at the <a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Quirino Grandstand</a> in Manila.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then departed for Cebu City for her oath taking,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first time that a Philippine president took the oath of office outside of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>. </p><p>Allegations of cheating against Arroyo gained momentum one year after the May 2004 elections. In a press conference held on June 10, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ong" title="Samuel Ong">Samuel Ong</a>, former deputy director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Philippines)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)">National Bureau of Investigation</a> (NBI) claimed to have audio recordings of wiretapped conversations between Arroyo and an official of the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Elections">Commission on Elections</a> (COMELEC).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Garcillano" title="Virgilio Garcillano">Virgilio Garcillano</a>, a former COMELEC commissioner, would later be identified as the official talking to Arroyo.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ong, the recordings allegedly proved that Arroyo ordered the rigging of the national elections for her to win by around one million votes against Poe.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The recordings of Ong became known as the <a href="/wiki/Hello_Garci_scandal" title="Hello Garci scandal">Hello Garci controversy</a> and triggered massive protests against Arroyo. Key members of her cabinet resigned from their respective posts and urged Arroyo to do the same. On June 27, 2005, Arroyo admitted to inappropriately speaking to a COMELEC official, claiming it was a "lapse in judgement". She, however, denied influencing the outcome of the elections and declared that she won the elections fairly.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arroyo did not resign despite the pressures coming from various sectors of society. </p><p>The Hello Garci controversy became the basis of the impeachment case filed against Arroyo in 2005;<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attempts to impeach Arroyo failed later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another impeachment case was filed against Arroyo in 2006 but was also defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2007, lawyer Alan Paguia filed an impeachment complaint against Arroyo in connection with the issue of bribery. Paguia's complaint was based on the revelation of Pampanga Governor <a href="/wiki/Ed_Panlilio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Panlilio">Ed Panlilio</a> that various governors received half a million pesos from Malacañang. The impeachment case, as of the middle of October 2007, has already been referred to the House of Representatives Committee on Justice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2006_State_of_emergency">2006 State of emergency</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2006 State of emergency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2006_state_of_emergency_in_the_Philippines" title="2006 state of emergency in the Philippines">2006 state of emergency in the Philippines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_5_June_2009-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dmitry_Medvedev_5_June_2009-5.jpg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_5_June_2009-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dmitry_Medvedev_5_June_2009-5.jpg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_5_June_2009-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dmitry_Medvedev_5_June_2009-5.jpg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_5_June_2009-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Arroyo with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, June 9, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>On February 24, 2006, a plot to take over the government was uncovered by authorities, allegedly headed by Gen. <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Lim" title="Danilo Lim">Danilo Lim</a> and other rightist military adventurists. General Lim and some of his men were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-ArabNews-CourtMartial_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArabNews-CourtMartial-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To face the threat posed by enemies of the state, Arroyo issued Presidential Proclamation 1017 and used it as basis in declaring a state of emergency throughout the Philippines. According to Arroyo, this declaration was done to quell the military rebellion, stop lawless violence, and promote peace and stability.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time-CoupPlot_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-CoupPlot-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presidential Proclamation 1017 also empowered the government to enforce warrantless arrests and take over strategic private utilities companies.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several members of the Senate, including <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Pangilinan" title="Francis Pangilinan">Francis Pangilinan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pia_Cayetano" title="Pia Cayetano">Pia Cayetano</a>, condemned the proclamation as it contravenes "the fundamental guarantees of the Constitution, particularly the basic civil liberties enshrined therein."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state of emergency existed for about one week with the purpose of curbing further violence, illegal rallies, and public disturbance throughout the Philippines. The police and the military dispersed demonstrators and protesters, especially those along EDSA. Aside from General Lim, prominent personalities were also arrested in connection with their alleged participation in the attempt to overthrow the government.<sup id="cite_ref-ArabNews-CourtMartial_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArabNews-CourtMartial-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time-CoupPlot_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-CoupPlot-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Presidential Proclamation 1017 was lifted on March 3, 2006, but members of the opposition, private lawyers, and concerned citizens challenged its constitutionality before the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 4, the high court declared the proclamation constitutional; however, it also ruled it was illegal for the government to implement warrantless arrests and seize private institutions and companies.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Charter_change">Charter change</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Charter change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arroyo spearheaded a controversial plan for an overhaul of the constitution to transform the present unitary and presidential republic with a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral legislature">bicameral legislature</a> into a federal parliamentary government with a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral legislature">unicameral legislature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_W._Bush_%26_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_in_the_Oval_Office_2003-05-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/George_W._Bush_%26_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_in_the_Oval_Office_2003-05-19.jpg/200px-George_W._Bush_%26_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_in_the_Oval_Office_2003-05-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/George_W._Bush_%26_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_in_the_Oval_Office_2003-05-19.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Arroyo with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, May 19, 2003</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="K–12_implementation_process"><span id="K.E2.80.9312_implementation_process"></span>K–12 implementation process</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: K–12 implementation process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After decades of surveys, consultations, and studies starting with the Monroe Survey in 1925 during the American period, the 9-year implementation process of <a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%9312" title="K–12">K–12</a> curriculum finally began on May 20, 2008 during the Arroyo administration when Senator <a href="/wiki/Mar_Roxas" title="Mar Roxas">Mar Roxas</a> filed the Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) to strengthen the Philippine education system through timely interventions on the quality of teachers, the medium of instruction used and the evaluation of students' aptitude, among other aspects. It mandates the effectivity of K–12 four years later on April 24, 2012 during <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Presidency of Benigno Aquino III">the administration of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III</a> which increase in the number of years in basic education, from 10 years to 12 years as consistent with global standards.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 7, 2010, senator and presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> adopted the position of SB 2294; he said this will "give everyone an equal chance to succeed" and "have quality education and profitable jobs."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo#Economy" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Economy</a></div> <p>Arroyo, who earned a master's degree and doctorate in economics, made the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Philippine economy</a> the focus of her presidency. Annual economic growth in the Philippines averaged 4.5% during the Arroyo administration, expanding every quarter of her presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-ciaf_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciaf-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is higher than in the administrations of her three immediate predecessors, Corazon Aquino (3.8%), <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidel Ramos">Fidel Ramos</a> (3.7%), and Joseph Estrada (3.7%).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Philippine economy grew at its fastest pace in three decades in 2007, with real GDP growth exceeding 7%.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economy was one of the few to avoid contraction during the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">2008 global financial crisis</a>, faring better than its regional peers due to minimal exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from four-to five-million overseas Filipino workers, and a growing business process outsourcing industry.<sup id="cite_ref-ciaf_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciaf-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arroyo's handling of the economy has earned praise from former US president Bill Clinton, who cited her "tough decisions" that put the Philippine economy back in shape.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this growth, the poverty rate remained stagnant due to uneven distribution of income. </p><p>A controversial expanded <a href="/wiki/Value_added_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Value added tax">value added tax</a> (e-VAT) law, considered the centerpiece of the Arroyo administration's economic reform agenda, was implemented in November 2005, aiming to complement revenue-raising efforts that could plug the country's large budget deficit.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her administration originally set a target to balance the national budget by 2010. The tax measure boosted confidence in the government's fiscal capacity and helped to strengthen the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a>, making it East Asia's best performing currency in 2005–06.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peso strengthened by nearly 20% in 2007, making it one of Asia's better performing currencies for that year, a fact attributed to a combination of increased remittances from <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Filipino workers">overseas Filipino workers</a> and a strong domestic economy.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early in her presidency, Arroyo implemented a controversial policy of holiday economics, adjusting holidays to form longer weekends with the purpose of boosting domestic tourism and allowing Filipinos more time with their families. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_with_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_2-6-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hillary_Clinton_with_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_2-6-09.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_with_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_2-6-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hillary_Clinton_with_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_2-6-09.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_with_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_2-6-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hillary_Clinton_with_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_2-6-09.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_with_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_2-6-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Arroyo with U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, February 17, 2009</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policies">Domestic policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Domestic policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo#Domestic_policies" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Domestic policies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policies">Foreign policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Foreign policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo#Foreign_Policies" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Foreign Policies</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Arroyo_with_UK_Prime_Minister_Tony_Blair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Arroyo_with_UK_Prime_Minister_Tony_Blair.jpg/220px-President_Arroyo_with_UK_Prime_Minister_Tony_Blair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Arroyo_with_UK_Prime_Minister_Tony_Blair.jpg/330px-President_Arroyo_with_UK_Prime_Minister_Tony_Blair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/President_Arroyo_with_UK_Prime_Minister_Tony_Blair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>Arroyo with UK Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, January 28, 2002</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration_and_cabinet">Administration and cabinet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Administration and cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo#Administration_and_cabinet" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Administration and cabinet</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_perception">Public perception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public perception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_net_satisfaction.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_net_satisfaction.png/300px-Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_net_satisfaction.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_net_satisfaction.png/450px-Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_net_satisfaction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_net_satisfaction.png/600px-Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_net_satisfaction.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Social_Weather_Stations" title="Social Weather Stations">Social Weather Stations</a> quarterly public opinion polling of the net satisfaction rating of President Arroyo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Social_Weather_Stations" title="Social Weather Stations">Social Weather Stations</a> public opinion group has conducted quarterly surveys tracking the net satisfaction rating ("satisfied" rating minus "dissatisfied" rating") of President Arroyo. She began her presidency in the first quarter of 2001 with a net satisfaction rating of +24. Her rating first dipped into the negative in the first quarter of 2003, making Arroyo the only president to achieve a negative net satisfaction rating in SWS opinion polling. Her rating rebounded well into the positive in 2004, in time for the presidential election where she won election to a new six-year term. However, net satisfaction sunk back into negative territory in the fourth quarter of 2004, and has remained negative since, dipping as low as −38 in the second quarter of 2008. Her net satisfaction rating in the first quarter of 2009 was −32.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg/140px-Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg/210px-Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg/280px-Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1335" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption>Arroyo at the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> meeting in Davos, Switzerland in January 31, 2009</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-presidency_(2010–present)"><span id="Post-presidency_.282010.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Post-presidency (2010–present)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Post-presidency (2010–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives_(2010–2019)"><span id="House_of_Representatives_.282010.E2.80.932019.29"></span>House of Representatives (2010–2019)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: House of Representatives (2010–2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2009, Arroyo formally declared her intention to run for a seat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a> representing the <a href="/wiki/Pampanga%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pampanga's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a>, making her the second Philippine president – after <a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">Jose P. Laurel</a> – to pursue a lower office after the expiration of their presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-house1_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house1-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A petition seeking to disqualify Arroyo from the race was dismissed by the COMELEC for lack of merit, a decision which was later affirmed by the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With little serious competition, she was elected to Congress in May 2010 with a landslide victory.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After receiving final military honors at the inauguration ceremony of incoming President <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a>, she headed straight to <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando, Pampanga</a> for her own oath-taking as congresswoman.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite being considered the strongest contender for <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">speaker of the House</a>, Arroyo declined to seek the position, hoping instead to take on a role similar to <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a>, who was influential as merely the head of her party.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On her first day as a lawmaker, Arroyo and her son Dato filed a resolution calling for Congress to call a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_meeting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political meeting)">constitutional convention</a> to propose amendments to the existing constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While still confined in the <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Memorial_Medical_Center" title="Veterans Memorial Medical Center">Veterans Memorial Medical Center</a> for hospital arrest, Arroyo successfully earned a second term as congresswoman for Pampanga's second congressional district at the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2013 Philippine mid-term elections</a> on May 13, 2013, defeating the ruling <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal Party</a>'s Vivian Dabu, who was the provincial administrator under former Governor <a href="/wiki/Ed_Panlilio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Panlilio">Ed Panlilio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was re-elected in <a href="/wiki/2016_Pampanga_local_elections" title="2016 Pampanga local elections">2016</a> for her third consecutive term, running unopposed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011_spinal_surgery">2011 spinal surgery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 2011 spinal surgery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 2011, Arroyo was diagnosed with cervical spondylosis or cervical <a href="/wiki/Radiculopathy" title="Radiculopathy">radiculopathy</a>. She was rushed to the <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Medical_Center_%E2%80%93_Global_City" title="St. Luke's Medical Center – Global City">St. Luke's Medical Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a> on July 25, 2011, minutes after the State of the Nation Address by Benigno Aquino III.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doctors performed a five-hour spine surgery on July 29, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two more surgeries occurred in August 2011, which aggravated her <a href="/wiki/Hypoparathyroidism" title="Hypoparathyroidism">hypoparathyroidism</a>. The House of Representatives, under the leadership of Speaker <a href="/wiki/Feliciano_Belmonte,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.">Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.</a>, issued a travel permit allowing her to have treatment in Germany despite the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Department of Justice</a> hold departure order.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011_hospital_arrest">2011 hospital arrest</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 2011 hospital arrest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arroyo was arrested on November 18, 2011, after a <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> court issued a warrant of arrest against her, following the filing of a complaint for electoral sabotage by the COMELEC.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrest warrant was served at the St. Luke's Medical Center in Taguig where Arroyo had been confined.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days earlier, the Supreme Court had issued a resolution enjoining attempts by the Department of Justice to prevent her departure from the Philippines to seek medical treatment overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Memorial_Medical_Center" title="Veterans Memorial Medical Center">Veterans Memorial Medical Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> on December 9, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-vmmc_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vmmc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alvarez_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alvarez-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arroyo was released from hospital arrest on bail on July 25, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 29, 2012, she refused to enter any plea on charges she misused $8.8 million in state lottery funds during her term in office.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of December 2013, she was still in custody at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 19, 2016, the Supreme Court dismissed the corruption charges and ordered her release from the hospital where she had been detained since 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014_medical_problems_and_reapplication_for_bail">2014 medical problems and reapplication for bail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 2014 medical problems and reapplication for bail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arroyo was transported to St. Luke's Medical Center for tests and treatment and returned to confinement at the Veteran's Medical Center after medical incidents in May and June 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June, after the second of these incidents, her attorneys renewed application for bail.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September, a third medical incident caused her to be again rushed to St. Luke's for treatment and returned to confinement at the Veteran's Medical Center.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2015_United_Nations_Working_Group_on_Arbitrary_Detention">2015 United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 2015 United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a case filed by human rights lawyer <a href="/wiki/Amal_Clooney" title="Amal Clooney">Amal Clooney</a>, the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Working_Group_on_Arbitrary_Detention" title="Working Group on Arbitrary Detention">Working Group on Arbitrary Detention</a> declared Arroyo's hospital detention arbitrary and violative of the international law on human rights. It recognized that the charges against Arroyo were politically motivated since she was detained as a result of her exercise to take part in government and that the detention was arbitrary and illegal under international law because the Sandiganbayan court failed to take into account her individual circumstances when it repeatedly denied her bail.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2016_Supreme_Court_acquittal">2016 Supreme Court acquittal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 2016 Supreme Court acquittal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 19, 2016, a few weeks after Duterte was sworn in as president, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the dismissal of plunder case against Arroyo, gathering a vote of 11–4 which was read by spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Te" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Te">Theodore Te</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Supreme Court decision on Arroyo's motion to dismiss plunder case </th></tr> <tr> <th>In Favor (11) </th> <th>Opposed (4) </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presbitero_Velasco_Jr." title="Presbitero Velasco Jr.">Presbitero Velasco Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estela_Perlas-Bernabe" title="Estela Perlas-Bernabe">Estela Perlas-Bernabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresita_de_Castro" title="Teresita de Castro">Teresita Leonardo-De Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Peralta" title="Diosdado Peralta">Diosdado Peralta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Bersamin" title="Lucas Bersamin">Lucas Bersamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_del_Castillo" title="Mariano del Castillo">Mariano del Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Perez" title="Jose P. Perez">Jose P. Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_C._Mendoza" title="Jose C. Mendoza">Jose C. Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_L._Reyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bienvenido L. Reyes">Bienvenido L. Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Brion" title="Arturo Brion">Arturo Brion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Jardeleza" title="Francis Jardeleza">Francis Jardeleza</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lourdes_Sereno" title="Maria Lourdes Sereno">Maria Lourdes Sereno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Carpio" title="Antonio Carpio">Antonio Carpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvic_Leonen" title="Marvic Leonen">Marvic Leonen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Benjamin_Caguioa" title="Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa">Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>She would later be assigned by Duterte's party, PDP-Laban, as a high-level member of the House of Representatives<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after winning her third term as congresswoman in the House. She was given committee chairmanships, among many other roles.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speaker_of_the_House_(2018–2019)"><span id="Speaker_of_the_House_.282018.E2.80.932019.29"></span>Speaker of the House (2018–2019)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Speaker of the House (2018–2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arroyo,_Xi_and_Sotto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Arroyo%2C_Xi_and_Sotto.jpg/220px-Arroyo%2C_Xi_and_Sotto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Arroyo%2C_Xi_and_Sotto.jpg/330px-Arroyo%2C_Xi_and_Sotto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Arroyo%2C_Xi_and_Sotto.jpg/440px-Arroyo%2C_Xi_and_Sotto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>House Speaker Arroyo, Chinese President <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (center), and Senate President <a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a> during a joint call of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives on November 21, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Arroyo was elected as the first female speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The election pushed through on July 23, 2018, due to a controversial<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> majority manifesto and vote that ousted <a href="/wiki/Pantaleon_Alvarez" title="Pantaleon Alvarez">Pantaleon Alvarez</a>. In August 2018, amid rumors that she was gunning to become prime minister under a proposed federal government, which she was advocating in the House, Arroyo stated that she will retire from politics and would not pursue any position after the <a href="/wiki/2019_Philippine_general_election" title="2019 Philippine general election">May 2019 elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2019, her speakership passed a House bill which lowered the criminal liability to twelve years old.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had a net satisfaction rating of −4 in September 2018, which further dropped to −21 in January 2019, becoming one of the most unpopular House speakers in Philippine history.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her leadership also spearheaded the changing of House rules in relation to Statements of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALNs), requiring a <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">₱</a>300</span> fee for access, which amounts to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱87,300</span> for the SALNs of all 291 members of the House of Representatives, making it difficult for the poor to monitor corruption in the House.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2019, Senator <a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a> accused Arroyo of adding an additional <a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">pork barrel</a> of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱60–160 million</span> in the national budget.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_retirement">Political retirement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Political retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arroyo, although not holding any elective position, has been participating as a member of <a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas–CMD</a>. As of June 2019, she is working on a memoir narrating her experiences as president, which she plans on limiting to 200 pages for consumption by the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 26, 2020, President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> appointed Arroyo as presidential adviser on <a href="/wiki/Clark_Freeport_and_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone">Clark</a> programs and projects.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives_(2022–present)"><span id="House_of_Representatives_.282022.E2.80.93present.29"></span>House of Representatives (2022–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: House of Representatives (2022–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_(19th_Congress).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/150px-Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/225px-Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/300px-Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption>Official portrait of Arroyo during the 19th Congress</figcaption></figure> <p>Arroyo came out of retirement to seek a comeback to the House of Representatives in <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2022</a>, running unopposed for the <a href="/wiki/Pampanga%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pampanga's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a> of Pampanga.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her legal counsel, Peter Paul Magalang, filed the certificate of candidacy on her behalf.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has declared support to the <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign">candidacies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> for president and new Lakas party-mate <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a> for vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also joined the caravans and campaign sorties of their <a href="/wiki/UniTeam_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="UniTeam Alliance">UniTeam Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 10, 2022, Arroyo was proclaimed as representative of the 2nd district of Pampanga, succeeding her son Mikey once again for a fourth nonconsecutive term.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although she assumed office on June 30, 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she took her oath of office on May 26 in <a href="/wiki/Lubao" title="Lubao">Lubao</a><sup id="cite_ref-lubao_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lubao-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on June 13 before outgoing President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arroyo said she will join her fellow representatives in passing the legislative agenda of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">administration of President Bongbong Marcos</a> and will continue to push for projects aligned with the Pampanga Megalopolis program.<sup id="cite_ref-lubao_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lubao-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She initially aimed to regain the House speakership in the <a href="/wiki/19th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="19th Congress of the Philippines">19th Congress</a>, soon after Marcos was elected, but later rescinded after realizing that Marcos wanted his cousin and her Lakas partymate, Rep. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Romualdez" title="Martin Romualdez">Martin Romualdez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leyte%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Leyte's 1st congressional district">Leyte–1st</a>), to become the next House Speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She instead endorsed the speakership bid of Romualdez.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 25, 2022, Arroyo was named as Senior Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives under the new speakership of Martin Romualdez in the 19th Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo,_Bongbong_Marcos_and_Mark_Rutte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%2C_Bongbong_Marcos_and_Mark_Rutte.jpg/270px-Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%2C_Bongbong_Marcos_and_Mark_Rutte.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%2C_Bongbong_Marcos_and_Mark_Rutte.jpg/405px-Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%2C_Bongbong_Marcos_and_Mark_Rutte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%2C_Bongbong_Marcos_and_Mark_Rutte.jpg/540px-Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%2C_Bongbong_Marcos_and_Mark_Rutte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Dutch Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> (left), Philippine President <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> (right), and Arroyo (second from right) during a bilateral meeting in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> in December 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>Arroyo became part of President Bongbong Marcos's delegation member of <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Bongbong_Marcos" title="List of international presidential trips made by Bongbong Marcos">all his international trips</a> beginning on November 16, 2022, the first day of his working visit to <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> for the <a href="/wiki/APEC_Thailand_2022" title="APEC Thailand 2022">2022 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has also joined him in his visits to <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China,<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a> in Switzerland,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marcos also described her as his "secret weapon."<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her only daughter, Evangelina Lourdes Arroyo-Bernas, was made the country's ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> in December 2022. She defended accusations of nepotism noting her daughter's qualifications.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 17, 2023, she was demoted by the House leadership from senior deputy speaker to a regular deputy speaker to unburden her heavy workload that came with the title. She switched places with fellow Pampanga Representative <a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Gonzales_Jr." title="Aurelio Gonzales Jr.">Aurelio Gonzales Jr.</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pampanga%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Pampanga's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on November 7, 2023, she was expelled by the House from her position as a deputy house speaker, after she failed to support a resolution that aimed to uphold the House's "dignity, integrity and independence" and to support the speakership of Martin Romualdez, as she was abroad when it was signed.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This followed the criticism from her political ally, former President Rodrigo Duterte, who objected the House's decision to reallocate the confidential funds originally for the offices of his daughter, Vice President and concurrent Education Secretary Sara Duterte. Arroyo was replaced by Representative <a href="/wiki/Tonypet_Albano" title="Tonypet Albano">Tonypet Albano</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a>–<a href="/wiki/Isabela%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Isabela's 1st congressional district">1st</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scouting">Scouting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Scouting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arroyo was the second chief girl scout of the <a href="/wiki/Girl_Scouts_of_the_Philippines" title="Girl Scouts of the Philippines">Girl Scouts of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approval_ratings">Approval ratings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Approval ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In July 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Weather_Stations" title="Social Weather Stations">Social Weather Stations</a> (SWS) said that Arroyo registered a net satisfaction rating of minus 38 in a survey conducted in the last week of June, making her the most unpopular president in the country since democracy was restored in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Social_Weather_Stations" title="Social Weather Stations">SWS</a> Net satisfaction ratings of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo <span class="nowrap">(March 2001–June 2010)</span><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Date </th> <th scope="col">Rating </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mar 2001 </th> <td>+24 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Apr 2001 </th> <td>+17 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">May 2001 </th> <td>+18 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jul 2001 </th> <td>+16 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sep 2001 </th> <td>+15 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nov 2001 </th> <td>+27 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mar 2002 </th> <td>+16 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">May 2002 </th> <td>+4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Aug 2002 </th> <td>+28 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sep 2002 </th> <td>+18 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nov 2002 </th> <td>+6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mar 2003 </th> <td>−14 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jun 2003 </th> <td>+14 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sep 2003 </th> <td>+2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nov 2003 </th> <td>−3 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jan 2004 </th> <td>+8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Feb 2004 </th> <td>+15 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mar 2004 </th> <td>+30 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jun 2004 </th> <td>+26 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Aug 2004 </th> <td>+12 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Oct 2004 </th> <td>−6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dec 2004 </th> <td>−5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mar 2005 </th> <td>−12 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">May 2005 </th> <td>−33 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Aug 2005 </th> <td>−23 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dec 2005 </th> <td>−30 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mar 2006 </th> <td>−25 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jun 2006 </th> <td>−13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sep 2006 </th> <td>−11 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nov 2006 </th> <td>−13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Feb 2007 </th> <td>−4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jun 2007 </th> <td>−3 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sep 2007 </th> <td>−11 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dec 2007 </th> <td>−16 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mar 2008 </th> <td>−26 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jun 2008 </th> <td>−38 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jul 2008 </th> <td>−50 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sep 2008 </th> <td>−27 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dec 2008 </th> <td>−24 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Feb 2009 </th> <td>−32 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jun 2009 </th> <td>−34 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sep 2009 </th> <td>−38 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dec 2009 </th> <td>−38 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mar 2010 </th> <td>−53 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jun 2010 </th> <td>−17 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row"><b>Average</b> </th> <td><b>−7</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honors">Foreign honors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Foreign honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BRU_Family_Order_of_Brunei_1st_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/BRU_Family_Order_of_Brunei_1st_Class.svg/70px-BRU_Family_Order_of_Brunei_1st_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/BRU_Family_Order_of_Brunei_1st_Class.svg/105px-BRU_Family_Order_of_Brunei_1st_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/BRU_Family_Order_of_Brunei_1st_Class.svg/140px-BRU_Family_Order_of_Brunei_1st_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Family_Order_of_Laila_Utama" title="Family Order of Laila Utama">Family Order of Laila Utama</a><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DOM_Order_of_Merit_of_Duarte,_Sanchez_and_Mella_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/DOM_Order_of_Merit_of_Duarte%2C_Sanchez_and_Mella_ribbon.svg/70px-DOM_Order_of_Merit_of_Duarte%2C_Sanchez_and_Mella_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/DOM_Order_of_Merit_of_Duarte%2C_Sanchez_and_Mella_ribbon.svg/105px-DOM_Order_of_Merit_of_Duarte%2C_Sanchez_and_Mella_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/DOM_Order_of_Merit_of_Duarte%2C_Sanchez_and_Mella_ribbon.svg/140px-DOM_Order_of_Merit_of_Duarte%2C_Sanchez_and_Mella_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cross Special Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_Duarte,_S%C3%A1nchez_and_Mella" title="Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella">Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella</a><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_(Guinea_Equatoriale).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png/70px-Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png/105px-Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png/140px-Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="58" /></a></span> Grand Cross of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medals.org.uk/equatorial-guinea/equatorial-guinea005.htm">Order of Independence</a><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benemerenti_Medal_(Vatican)_-_ribbon_bar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Benemerenti_Medal_%28Vatican%29_-_ribbon_bar.png/70px-Benemerenti_Medal_%28Vatican%29_-_ribbon_bar.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Benemerenti_Medal_%28Vatican%29_-_ribbon_bar.png/105px-Benemerenti_Medal_%28Vatican%29_-_ribbon_bar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Benemerenti_Medal_%28Vatican%29_-_ribbon_bar.png/140px-Benemerenti_Medal_%28Vatican%29_-_ribbon_bar.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Pro_Ecclesia_et_Pontifice" title="Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice">Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice</a><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg/70px-JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg/105px-JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg/140px-JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Chrysanthemum" title="Order of the Chrysanthemum">Order of the Chrysanthemum</a><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/70px-Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/105px-Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/140px-Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Order of the Star of Romania</a><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg/70px-Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg/105px-Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg/140px-Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Dame of the Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic" title="Order of Isabella the Catholic">Order of Isabella the Catholic</a><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/La_Trobe_University" title="La Trobe University">La Trobe University</a> in Australia (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda University</a> in Tokyo, Japan (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_University" title="Old Dominion University">Old Dominion University</a> in Virginia, United States (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-CBIY_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a> (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Humane_Letters" title="Doctor of Humane Letters">Doctor of Humane Letters</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco" title="University of San Francisco">University of San Francisco</a> in California, United States (2004)<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Humane_Letters" title="Doctor of Humane Letters">Doctor of Humanities</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Mapua_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapua Institute of Technology">Mapua Institute of Technology</a> in Manila, Philippines (2004)<sup id="cite_ref-CBIY_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Kyungsung_University" title="Kyungsung University">Kyungsung University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pusan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pusan">Pusan</a>, South Korea (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn_University" title="Chulalongkorn University">Chulalongkorn University</a> in Bangkok, Thailand<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognitions">Recognitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Recognitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time magazine">Time magazine</a>'s "People Who Mattered" list for 2005<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes magazine">Forbes magazine</a>'s 100 Most Powerful Woman in the World (from 2004 to 2009) – she ranked 4th in the 2005 list<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Member, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Women_World_Leaders" title="Council of Women World Leaders">Council of Women World Leaders</a><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Internacional_Don_Quijote" class="extiw" title="es:Premio Internacional Don Quijote">Don Quijote International Award</a> (category: <i>mejor labor institucional</i> – Best institutional work) from Spain's <a href="/wiki/King_Juan_Carlos" class="mw-redirect" title="King Juan Carlos">King Juan Carlos</a> (April 15, 2010)<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Teodora Alonzo Award by the Philippine <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Rizal" title="Knights of Rizal">Order of the Knights of Rizal</a><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fourth Patron of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Institution Singapore">Royal Institution Singapore</a>, an unaccredited institution of higher learning<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original term until June 30, 2001; resigned on June 30, 1998, to sit as Vice President.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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May 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Gloria+Arroyo+back+in+VMMC+after+medical+procedure+at+St.+Luke%27s&rft.date=2014-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F359319%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fgloria-arroyo-back-in-vmmc-after-medical-procedure-at-st-luke-s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/files/2014/05/gloria.jpg">"Arroyo rushed to St. Luke's hospital due to bladder problems"</a>. Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 3, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arroyo+rushed+to+St.+Luke%27s+hospital+due+to+bladder+problems&rft.date=2014-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2Ffiles%2F2014%2F05%2Fgloria.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/368288/news/nation/gloria-arroyo-asks-sandiganbayan-anew-to-grant-her-bail-in-pcso-plunder-case">"Gloria Arroyo asks Sandiganbayan anew to grant her bail in PCSO plunder case"</a>. <i>GMA News</i>. July 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Gloria+Arroyo+asks+Sandiganbayan+anew+to+grant+her+bail+in+PCSO+plunder+case&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F368288%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fgloria-arroyo-asks-sandiganbayan-anew-to-grant-her-bail-in-pcso-plunder-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/09/22/14/arroyo-chokes-broccoli-stem">"Arroyo chokes on broccoli stem"</a>. September 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arroyo+chokes+on+broccoli+stem&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs-cbnnews.com%2Fnation%2F09%2F22%2F14%2Farroyo-chokes-broccoli-stem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/729034/un-body-gloria-macapagal-arroyo-detention-arbitrary-illegal#ixzz5Bf5iopOl">"UN body: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's detention arbitrary, illegal"</a>. <i>Inquire.net</i>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Inquirer</a>. October 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inquire.net&rft.atitle=UN+body%3A+Gloria+Macapagal-Arroyo%27s+detention+arbitrary%2C+illegal&rft.date=2015-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F729034%2Fun-body-gloria-macapagal-arroyo-detention-arbitrary-illegal%23ixzz5Bf5iopOl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160720213505/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/19/Gloria-Macapagal-Arroyo.html">"Supreme Court rules to free former President Arroyo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN_Philippines" title="CNN Philippines">CNN Philippines</a></i>. July 18, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/19/Gloria-Macapagal-Arroyo.html">the original</a> on July 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Philippines&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+rules+to+free+former+President+Arroyo&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnnphilippines.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F07%2F19%2FGloria-Macapagal-Arroyo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manilatimes.net/supreme-court-votes-to-free-arroyo/274657">"Supreme Court votes to free Arroyo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Manila_Times" title="The Manila Times">The Manila Times</a></i>. July 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Manila+Times&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+votes+to+free+Arroyo&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2Fsupreme-court-votes-to-free-arroyo%2F274657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCayabyab2016" class="citation news cs1">Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (August 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161020115936/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/804840/arroyo-now-a-deputy-speaker">"Arroyo now a deputy speaker"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/804840/arroyo-now-a-deputy-speaker">the original</a> on October 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Arroyo+now+a+deputy+speaker&rft.date=2016-08-10&rft.aulast=Cayabyab&rft.aufirst=Marc+Jayson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F804840%2Farroyo-now-a-deputy-speaker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReganit2017" class="citation news cs1">Reganit, Jose Cielito (August 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180228014650/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1005546">"House replaces Arroyo as deputy speaker"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_News_Agency" title="Philippine News Agency">Philippine News Agency</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1005546">the original</a> on February 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+News+Agency&rft.atitle=House+replaces+Arroyo+as+deputy+speaker&rft.date=2017-08-09&rft.aulast=Reganit&rft.aufirst=Jose+Cielito&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Farticles%2F1005546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCepeda2018" class="citation web cs1">Cepeda, Mara (July 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/207944-alvarez-ousted-gloria-arroyo-new-speaker-house-of-representatives">"Alvarez out, Arroyo in as House Speaker"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Alvarez+out%2C+Arroyo+in+as+House+Speaker&rft.date=2018-07-23&rft.aulast=Cepeda&rft.aufirst=Mara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F207944-alvarez-ousted-gloria-arroyo-new-speaker-house-of-representatives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBueza2018" class="citation web cs1">Bueza, Michael (July 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/207998-gloria-arroyo-milestones-speaker-house-representatives">"Gloria Arroyo's firsts as House Speaker"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Gloria+Arroyo%27s+firsts+as+House+Speaker&rft.date=2018-07-23&rft.aulast=Bueza&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnewsbreak%2Fiq%2F207998-gloria-arroyo-milestones-speaker-house-representatives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz,_RGABS-CBN_News2018" class="citation web cs1">Cruz, RG; ABS-CBN News (August 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/30/18/arroyo-says-to-retire-from-politics-in-2019">"Arroyo says to retire from politics in 2019"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="ABS-CBN News">ABS-CBN News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=Arroyo+says+to+retire+from+politics+in+2019&rft.date=2018-08-30&rft.au=Cruz%2C+RG&rft.au=ABS-CBN+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fnews%2F08%2F30%2F18%2Farroyo-says-to-retire-from-politics-in-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/01/29/1889066/house-oks-lowering-crime-liability-age-threshold-12">"House OKs lowering crime liability age threshold to 12"</a>. <i>philstar.com</i>.</cite><span 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News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=OPINION+%E2%80%93+Gloria+Arroyo%3A+Astute+as+ever&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft.aulast=Tordesillas&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fblogs%2Fopinions%2F01%2F28%2F19%2Fopinion-gloria-arroyo-astute-as-ever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharm2019" class="citation web cs1">Charm, Neil (January 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bworldonline.com/arroyo-falls-to-poor-robredo-drops-to-moderate-in-4th-quarter-sws-survey/">"Arroyo falls to 'poor,' Robredo drops to 'moderate' in 4th Quarter SWS survey"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BusinessWorld" title="BusinessWorld">BusinessWorld</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BusinessWorld&rft.atitle=Arroyo+falls+to+%27poor%2C%27+Robredo+drops+to+%27moderate%27+in+4th+Quarter+SWS+survey&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft.aulast=Charm&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bworldonline.com%2Farroyo-falls-to-poor-robredo-drops-to-moderate-in-4th-quarter-sws-survey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCepeda2019" class="citation news cs1">Cepeda, Mara (January 31, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/222367-house-resolution-rules-access-salns-lawmakers">"New House rules make it harder to access lawmakers' SALNs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=New+House+rules+make+it+harder+to+access+lawmakers%27+SALNs&rft.date=2019-01-31&rft.aulast=Cepeda&rft.aufirst=Mara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F222367-house-resolution-rules-access-salns-lawmakers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tnt.abante.com.ph/lacson-pork-barrel-increase-mula-p60m-p160m-kagagawan-ni-gma/">"Lacson: Pork barrel increase mula P60M-P160M kagagawan ni GMA"</a>. <i>Abante TNT</i> (in Filipino). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/filipino-recipients-of-spanish-decorations/">the original</a> on January 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/about/history-2">the original</a> on October 27, 2021. <q>2002: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo becomes the third Philippines President to receive an honorary doctorate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Waseda+University&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waseda.jp%2Ftop%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fhistory-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010145310/http://www.newsflash.org/2003/05/pe/pe002609.htm">"Fordham University honorary degree for GMA"</a>. <i>Philippine Headline News Online</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+of+Women+World+Leaders&rft.atitle=Gloria+Macapagal+Arroyo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.councilwomenworldleaders.org%2Fgloria-macapagal-arroyo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodríguez_Marcos2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodríguez Marcos, Javier (June 9, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elpais.com/diario/2009/06/09/cultura/1244498402_850215.html">"Una lengua contra las fronteras"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Una+lengua+contra+las+fronteras&rft.date=2009-06-09&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez+Marcos&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fdiario%2F2009%2F06%2F09%2Fcultura%2F1244498402_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodríguez_Marcos2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodríguez Marcos, Javier (April 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2010/04/15/actualidad/1271282407_850215.html">"Vargas Llosa y la presidenta de Filipinas reciben el Premio Don Quijote"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Vargas+Llosa+y+la+presidenta+de+Filipinas+reciben+el+Premio+Don+Quijote&rft.date=2010-04-15&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez+Marcos&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcultura.elpais.com%2Fcultura%2F2010%2F04%2F15%2Factualidad%2F1271282407_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230519171534/https://gomburza-ghent.be/about-us/">"About the Knights of Rizal"</a>. <i>Knights of Rizal – Gomburza Ghent Chapter</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gomburza-ghent.be/about-us/">the original</a> on May 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Knights+of+Rizal+%E2%80%93+Gomburza+Ghent+Chapter&rft.atitle=About+the+Knights+of+Rizal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgomburza-ghent.be%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801052147/https://www.ri2020.com/news/250-professionals-14-countries-across-globe-join-ris-9th-global-congress-and-conferment-ceremony-manila-hotel">"250 professionals from 14 countries across the globe join RI's 9th Global Congress and Conferment Ceremony at Manila Hotel"</a>. Royal Institution Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ri2020.com/news/250-professionals-14-countries-across-globe-join-ris-9th-global-congress-and-conferment-ceremony-manila-hotel">the original</a> on August 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=250+professionals+from+14+countries+across+the+globe+join+RI%27s+9th+Global+Congress+and+Conferment+Ceremony+at+Manila+Hotel&rft.pub=Royal+Institution+Singapore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ri2020.com%2Fnews%2F250-professionals-14-countries-across-globe-join-ris-9th-global-congress-and-conferment-ceremony-manila-hotel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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Representatives – The 15th Congress – Member Profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gloriamarroyo.ph">President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180410090616/http://www.gloriamarroyo.ph/">Archived</a> April 10, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/video/15102/reporter-s-notebook-ang-palasyo-reporter-s-notebook-special">Reporter's Notebook: Ang Palasyo Reporter's Notebook Special, December 4, 2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/-depth/11/18/11/interactive-timeline-gloria-macapagal-arroyo">Interactive timeline: The life of Gloria Arroyo, by abs-cbnNEWS.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President of the Philippines</a> </b><br />1998–2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Teofisto Guingona, Jr.">Teofisto Guingona</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> </b><br />2001–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Teofisto Guingona, Jr.">Teofisto Guingona</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </b><br />2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Reyes" title="Angelo Reyes">Angelo Reyes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </b><br />2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Ermita" title="Eduardo Ermita">Eduardo Ermita</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Franklin Ebdalin<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </b><br />2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Delia_Albert" title="Delia Albert">Delia Albert</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Avelino Cruz</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </b><br />2006–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_Ebdane" title="Hermogenes Ebdane">Hermogenes Ebdane</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio Osmeña">Emilio Osmeña</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas-NUCD-UMDP</a> nominee for Vice President of the Philippines </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">1998</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Supported <a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia_Jr." title="Jose de Venecia Jr.">Jose de Venecia Jr.</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas-CMD</a> nominee for President of the Philippines </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2004 Philippine presidential election">2004</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Teodoro" title="Gilbert Teodoro">Gilbert Teodoro</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of <a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas-CMD</a> </b><br />2004–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>Parties merged </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Villafuerte" title="Luis Villafuerte">Luis Villafuerte</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader emeritus of <a href="/wiki/Kabalikat_ng_Malayang_Pilipino" title="Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino">Kampi</a> </b><br />2004–2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of <a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas Kampi CMD</a> </b><br />2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Teodoro" title="Gilbert Teodoro">Gilbert Teodoro</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Amelita Villarosa<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of <a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas Kampi CMD</a> </b><br />2010–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edcel_Lagman" title="Edcel Lagman">Edcel Lagman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah Ahmad Badawi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">ASEAN</a> </b><br />2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives of the Philippines</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mikey_Arroyo" title="Mikey Arroyo">Mikey Arroyo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Philippine House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pampanga%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pampanga's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a> district </b><br />2010–2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mikey_Arroyo" title="Mikey Arroyo">Mikey Arroyo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Puno" title="Roberto Puno">Roberto Puno</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Deputy Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives</a> </b><br />2016–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Linabelle Villarica</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pantaleon_Alvarez" title="Pantaleon Alvarez">Pantaleon Alvarez</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines</a> </b><br />2018–2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mikey_Arroyo" title="Mikey Arroyo">Mikey Arroyo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Philippine House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pampanga%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pampanga's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a> district </b><br />2022–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></div><i><b>as Former President </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_order_of_precedence" title="Philippine order of precedence">Order of Precedence of the Philippines</a> (Ceremonial)<br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as Former President</span></i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a></div><i><b>as Former President </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Template:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Template talk:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">14th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> (2001–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampanga%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pampanga's 2nd congressional district">Pampanga's 2nd district representative</a> (2010–2019; 2022–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">25th Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> (2018–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Senior Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> (2016–2017; 2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">10th Vice President of the Philippines</a> (1998–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (Philippines)">Social Welfare and Development Secretary</a> (1998–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senator_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator of the Philippines">Senator of the Philippines</a> (1992–1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="List of international presidential trips made by Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">International trips</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Policies_and_legislation" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies<br /> and legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000</li> <li>Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Procurement_Reform_Act" title="Government Procurement Reform Act">Government Procurement Reform Act</a></li> <li>Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004</li> <li>Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Nautical_Highway_System" title="Philippine Nautical Highway System">Strong Republic Nautical Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Security_Act_of_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Security Act of 2007">Human Security Act of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Executive_Order_464" title="Philippine Executive Order 464">Executive Order 464</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_economics" title="Holiday economics">Holiday economics</a></li> <li>Renewable Energy Act of 2008</li> <li>Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines#K–12_(2012–present)" title="Education in the Philippines">K-12 implementation process (Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008)</a></li> <li>Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009</li> <li>Anti-Torture Act of 2009</li> <li>Real Estate Investment Trust Act of 2009</li> <li>Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009</li> <li>Climate Change Act of 2009</li> <li>Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park Act of 2009</li> <li>Magna Carta of Women</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visiting_forces_agreement" title="Visiting forces agreement">Visiting forces agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">US designation of the Philippines as a major non-NATO ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multi-National Force – Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Charter" title="ASEAN Charter">ASEAN Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Declaration_on_East_Asian_Energy_Security" title="Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security">East Asian Energy Security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">State of the Nation Address</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_First_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's First State of the Nation Address">2001</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_Second_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Second State of the Nation Address">2002</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_Third_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Third State of the Nation Address">2003</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_Fourth_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Fourth State of the Nation Address">2004</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_Fifth_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Fifth State of the Nation Address">2005</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_Sixth_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Sixth State of the Nation Address">2006</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_Seventh_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Seventh State of the Nation Address">2007</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_Eighth_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Eighth State of the Nation Address">2008</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_Ninth_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Ninth State of the Nation Address">2009</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_(19th_Congress).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/135px-Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/203px-Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/270px-Rep._Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="586" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_general_election" title="1992 Philippine general election">1992 Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_general_election" title="1998 Philippine general election">1998 Vice presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_general_election" title="2004 Philippine general election">2004 presidential</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hello_Garci_scandal" title="Hello Garci scandal">Hello Garci scandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_general_election" title="2007 Philippine general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_general_election" title="2010 Philippine general election">2010</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Macapagal" title="Eva Macapagal">Eva Macaraeg</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Miguel_Arroyo" title="Jose Miguel Arroyo">Jose Miguel Arroyo</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikey_Arroyo" title="Mikey Arroyo">Mikey</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dato_Arroyo" title="Dato Arroyo">Dato Arroyo</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Macapagal" title="Arturo Macapagal">Arturo Macapagal</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Arroyo" title="Iggy Arroyo">Iggy Arroyo</a> (brother-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="14th Congress of the Philippines">14th Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="13th Congress of the Philippines">13th Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="12th Congress of the Philippines">12th Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="11th Congress of the Philippines">11th Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas-CMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabalikat_ng_Malayang_Pilipino" title="Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino">Kampi</a></li> <li>Public image <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fraud_(book)" title="Fraud (book)">Fraud: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and the May 2004 Elections</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moron_5_and_the_Crying_Lady" title="Moron 5 and the Crying Lady">Moron 5 and the Crying Lady</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Controversies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer_Fund_scam" title="Fertilizer Fund scam">Fertilizer Fund scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Broadband_Network_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine National Broadband Network controversy">NBN/ZTE scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_National_Artist_of_the_Philippines_controversy" title="2009 National Artist of the Philippines controversy">National Artist controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Domestic incidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution" title="Second EDSA Revolution">EDSA II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDSA_III" title="EDSA III">EDSA III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">Operation Freedom Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood_mutiny" title="Oakwood mutiny">Oakwood mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">2003 SARS outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Depression_Winnie" title="Tropical Depression Winnie">Tropical Depression Winnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacienda_Luisita#November_2004_Massacre" title="Hacienda Luisita">Hacienda Luisita massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_SuperFerry_14_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing">2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_state_of_emergency_in_the_Philippines" title="2006 state of emergency in the Philippines">2006 state of emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Southern_Leyte_mudslide" title="2006 Southern Leyte mudslide">2006 Southern Leyte mudslide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Xangsane" title="Typhoon Xangsane">Xangsane (Milenyo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Durian" title="Typhoon Durian">Durian (Reming)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guimaras_oil_spill" title="Guimaras oil spill">Guimaras oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Peninsula_siege" title="Manila Peninsula siege">Manila Peninsula siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Basilan_beheading_incident" title="2007 Basilan beheading incident">2007 Basilan beheading incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joseph_Estrada#Verdict" title="Trial of Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada's conviction and release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Fengshen_(2008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Fengshen (2008)">Fengshen (Frank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="2009 swine flu pandemic in the Philippines">2009 swine flu pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayon#2009–2010_eruptions" title="Mayon">2009–10 Mayon Volcano eruptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Ketsana" title="Typhoon Ketsana">Ketsana (Ondoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Parma" title="Typhoon Parma">Parma (Pepeng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_massacre" title="Maguindanao massacre">Maguindanao massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Angelo_dela_Cruz" title="Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz">Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subic_rape_case" title="Subic rape case">Subic rape case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Southeast Asian Games">2005 Southeast Asian Games</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">← Joseph Estrada</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">← Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Category:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Commons</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikidata page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/16px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/24px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123665" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q123665">Wikidata</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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Macapagal-Arroyo">Wikiquote</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Presidents of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Republic</a> (1899–1901)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a> (1935–1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a> (1935–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> (1944–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> (1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Second Republic</a> (1943–1945)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">Jose P. Laurel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a> (1946–1973)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> (1946–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> (1948–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a> (1957–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> (1961–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#First_and_second_terms,_and_antecedent_events_(1965–1972_and_earlier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1965–1973</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Martial law era</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#Martial_law_period_(September_1972_–_January_1981)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1973–1981</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Fourth Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#"Fourth_Republic"_period_(January_1981_–_February_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1981–1986</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (1981–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a> (1986–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">1986–1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Presidency of Fidel V. Ramos">1992–1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">1998–2001</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">2001–2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Presidency of Benigno Aquino III">2010–2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte">2016–2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">2022–present</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Presidents of the Philippines">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Vice presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Vice presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vice presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice presidents of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of vice presidents of the Philippines">List</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%9365)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1946–65)">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lopez" title="Fernando Lopez">Fernando Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Pelaez" title="Emmanuel Pelaez">Emmanuel Pelaez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lopez" title="Fernando Lopez">Fernando Lopez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%9386)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1965–86)">Fourth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Leni Robredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vice_presidents_succeeding_presidents_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_vice_presidents_succeeding_presidents" title="Template:Philippine vice presidents succeeding presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_vice_presidents_succeeding_presidents" title="Template talk:Philippine vice presidents succeeding presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine_vice_presidents_succeeding_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine vice presidents succeeding presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice_presidents_succeeding_presidents_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Vice presidents succeeding presidents of the Philippines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_House_speakers" title="Template:Philippine House speakers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_House_speakers" title="Template talk:Philippine House speakers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine_House_speakers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine House speakers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Osmeña</a> (1907–1922)</li> <li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Roxas</a> (1922–1934)</li> <li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Quint%C3%ADn_Paredes" title="Quintín Paredes">Paredes</a> (1934–1935)</li> <li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Gil_Montilla" title="Gil Montilla">Montilla</a> (1935–1938)</li> <li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Yulo" title="José Yulo">Yulo</a> (1939–1941)</li> <li><span style="color:#bc002d;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Sr." title="Benigno Aquino Sr.">Aquino</a> (1943–1944)</li> <li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jose_Zulueta" title="Jose Zulueta">Zulueta</a> (1945–1946)</li> <li><span style="color:#f0e68c;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_P%C3%A9rez" title="Eugenio Pérez">Pérez</a> (1946–1953)</li> <li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jose_Laurel_Jr." title="Jose Laurel Jr.">Laurel Jr.</a> (1954–1957)</li> <li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Z._Romualdez" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Z. Romualdez">D. Romualdez</a> (1958–1962)</li> <li><span style="color:#f0e68c;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Cornelio_Villareal" title="Cornelio Villareal">Villareal</a> (1962–1967)</li> <li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jose_Laurel_Jr." title="Jose Laurel Jr.">Laurel Jr.</a> (1967–1971)</li> <li><span style="color:#f0e68c;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Cornelio_Villareal" title="Cornelio Villareal">Villareal</a> (1971–1972)</li> <li><span style="color:#FE0000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Querube_Makalintal" title="Querube Makalintal">Makalintal</a> (1978–1984)</li> <li><span style="color:#FE0000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Y%C3%B1iguez" title="Nicanor Yñiguez">Yñiguez</a> (1984–1986)</li> <li><span style="color:#0000CD;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Mitra_Jr." title="Ramon Mitra Jr.">Mitra</a> (1987–1992)</li> <li><span style="color:#B0E0E6;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia_Jr." title="Jose de Venecia Jr.">de Venecia</a> (1992–1998)</li> <li><span style="color:#ffa500;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Villar</a> (1998–2000)</li> <li><span style="color:#4AA02C;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Arnulfo_Fuentebella" title="Arnulfo Fuentebella">Fuentebella</a> (2000–2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#f0e68c;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Feliciano_Belmonte_Jr." title="Feliciano Belmonte Jr.">Belmonte</a> (2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#B0E0E6;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia_Jr." title="Jose de Venecia Jr.">de Venecia</a> (2001–2008)</li> <li><span style="color:#B0E0E6;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Prospero_Nograles" title="Prospero Nograles">Nograles</a> (2008–2010)</li> <li><span style="color:#f0e68c;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Feliciano_Belmonte_Jr." title="Feliciano Belmonte Jr.">Belmonte</a> (2010–2016)</li> <li><span style="color:#ffd700;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Pantaleon_Alvarez" title="Pantaleon Alvarez">Alvarez</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><span style="color:#ffd700;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Macapagal Arroyo</a> (2018–2019)</li> <li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Cayetano</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><span style="color:#ffd700;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Allan_Velasco" title="Lord Allan Velasco">Velasco</a> (2020–2022)</li> <li><span style="color:#B0E0E6;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Romualdez" title="Martin Romualdez">M. Romualdez</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> Nacionalista</li> <li><span style="color:#bc002d;">▌</span> KALIBAPI</li> <li><span style="color:#f0e68c;">▌</span> Liberal</li> <li><span style="color:#FE0000;">▌</span> KBL</li> <li><span style="color:#0000CD;">▌</span> LDP</li> <li><span style="color:#B0E0E6;">▌</span> Lakas</li> <li><span style="color:#ffa500;">▌</span> LAMMP</li> <li><span style="color:#4AA02C;">▌</span> NPC</li> <li><span style="color:#ffd700;">▌</span> PDP–Laban</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines#List_of_speakers" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_(2001–2010)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Macapagal_Arroyo_cabinet" title="Template:Macapagal Arroyo cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Macapagal_Arroyo_cabinet" title="Template talk:Macapagal Arroyo cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Macapagal_Arroyo_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Macapagal Arroyo cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_(2001–2010)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (2001–2010)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice-President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a> (2001–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a> (2004–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="28" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, fourteenth President of the Philippines"><img alt="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, fourteenth President of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg/100px-Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg/150px-Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg/200px-Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_WEF_2009-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1335" data-file-height="1950" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Agrarian Reform (Philippines)">Secretary of Agrarian Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Horacio_Morales" title="Horacio Morales">Horacio Morales</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Hernani Braganza (2001–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Pagdanganan" title="Roberto Pagdanganan">Roberto Pagdanganan</a> (2003–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jose Maria Ponce (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Rene Villa (2004–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nasser C. Pangandaman (2005–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Department of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Domingo Panganiban (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Leonardo Montemayor (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Luis Lorenzo, Jr. (2002–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Yap" title="Arthur C. Yap">Arthur C. Yap</a> (2004–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Domingo Panganiban (2005–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Yap" title="Arthur C. Yap">Arthur C. Yap</a> (2006–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Budget_and_Management_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Budget and Management (Philippines)">Secretary of Budget and Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emilia_Boncodin" title="Emilia Boncodin">Emilia Boncodin</a> (2001–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romulo_Neri" title="Romulo Neri">Romulo Neri</a> (2005–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Rolando G. Andaya, Jr. (2006–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Department of Education (Philippines)">Secretary of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a> (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edilberto_de_Jesus" title="Edilberto de Jesus">Edilberto de Jesus</a> (2002–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Florencio_Abad" title="Florencio Abad">Florencio Abad</a> (2004–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ramon Bacani (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Fe Hidalgo (2005–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jesli A. Lapus (2006–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mona Valisno (2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_(Philippines)" title="Department of Energy (Philippines)">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jose_Isidro_Camacho" title="Jose Isidro Camacho">Jose Isidro Camacho</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_S._Perez" title="Vincent S. Perez">Vincent S. Perez</a> (2001–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Raphael Lotilla (2005–2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Reyes" title="Angelo Reyes">Angelo Reyes</a> (2007–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jose Ibazeta (2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources" title="Department of Environment and Natural Resources">Secretary of Environment<br />and Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heherson_Alvarez" title="Heherson Alvarez">Heherson Alvarez</a> (2001–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Eliza Gozun (2003–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Defensor" title="Mike Defensor">Mike Defensor</a> (2004–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Reyes" title="Angelo Reyes">Angelo Reyes</a> (2006–2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lito_Atienza" title="Lito Atienza">Jose L. Atienza Jr.</a> (2007–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Horacio Ramos (2009–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Secretary of Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Jose Pardo (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jose_Isidro_Camacho" title="Jose Isidro Camacho">Jose Isidro Camacho</a> (2001–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juanita_Amatong" title="Juanita Amatong">Juanita Amatong</a> (2003–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Purisima" title="Cesar Purisima">Cesar Purisima</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margarito_Teves" title="Margarito Teves">Margarito Teves</a> (2005–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona, Jr.</a></i> (acting capacity; (2001–2002))</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></i> (acting capacity; 2002) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a> (2002–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Franklin Ebadlin (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (acting capacity; 2003) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Delia_Albert" title="Delia Albert">Delia Albert</a> (2003–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a> (2004–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Secretary of Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Manuel Dayrit (2001–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Duque" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Duque">Francisco T. Duque III</a> (2005–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Cabral" title="Esperanza Cabral">Esperanza Cabral</a> (2009–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Department of the Interior and Local Government">Secretary of the Interior<br />and Local Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joey_Lina" title="Joey Lina">Jose Lina, Jr.</a> (2001–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Reyes" title="Angelo Reyes">Angelo Reyes</a> (2004–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronaldo_Puno" title="Ronaldo Puno">Ronaldo V. Puno</a> (2006–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Secretary of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Artemio Tuquero (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Hernando Perez (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merceditas_Gutierrez" title="Merceditas Gutierrez">Merceditas Gutierrez</a> (2002–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Datumanong" title="Simeon Datumanong">Simeon Datumanong</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merceditas_Gutierrez" title="Merceditas Gutierrez">Merceditas Gutierrez</a> (2003–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raul_M._Gonzalez" title="Raul M. Gonzalez">Raul Gonzales</a> (2004–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Devanadera" title="Agnes Devanadera">Agnes Devanadera</a> (2009–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Agra" title="Alberto Agra">Alberto Agra</a> (2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)" title="Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Secretary of Labor and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Santo_Tomas" title="Patricia Santo Tomas">Patricia Santo Tomas</a> (2001–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Brion" title="Arturo Brion">Arturo Brion</a> (2006–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Marianito D. Roque (2008–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orly_Mercado_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orly Mercado (politician)">Orlando Mercado</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Reyes" title="Angelo Reyes">Angelo Reyes</a> (2001–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></i> (acting capacity; 2003) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Ermita" title="Eduardo Ermita">Eduardo Ermita</a> (2003–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Avelino Cruz, Jr. (2004–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></i> (acting capacity; (2006–2007))</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_Ebdane" title="Hermogenes Ebdane">Hermogenes Ebdane Jr.</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norberto Gonzales (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Teodoro" title="Gilbert Teodoro">Gilberto C. Teodoro Jr.</a> 2007–2009</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norberto Gonzales (2009–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Secretary of Pubilc Works and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Datumanong" title="Simeon Datumanong">Simeon Datumanong</a> (2001–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bayani_Fernando" title="Bayani Fernando">Bayani Fernando</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Florante Soriquez (2003–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_Ebdane" title="Hermogenes Ebdane">Hermogenes Ebdane Jr.</a> (2005–2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Manuel Bonoan (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_Ebdane" title="Hermogenes Ebdane">Hermogenes Ebdane Jr.</a> (2007–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Victor Domingo (2009–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)" title="Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)">Secretary of Science and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Estrella F. Alabastro (2001–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Department of Social Welfare and Development">Secretary of Social Welfare<br />and Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Soliman" class="mw-redirect" title="Corazon Soliman">Corazon Soliman</a> (2001–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Cabral" title="Esperanza Cabral">Esperanza Cabral</a> (2005–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Celia Yangco (2009–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_(Philippines)" title="Department of Tourism (Philippines)">Secretary of Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Gordon" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard J. Gordon">Richard Gordon</a> (2001–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ace_Barbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Ace Barbers">Robert Ace Barbers</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Pagdanganan" title="Roberto Pagdanganan">Roberto M. Pagdanganan</a> (2004–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ace_Durano" title="Ace Durano">Joseph Ace H. Durano</a> (2005–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Secretary of Trade and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mar_Roxas" title="Mar Roxas">Manuel Roxas II</a> (2001–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Purisima" title="Cesar Purisima">Cesar Purisima</a> (2004–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Juan Santos (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Peter B. Favila (2005–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesli_Lapus" title="Jesli Lapus">Jesli Lapus</a> (2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transportation_(Philippines)" title="Department of Transportation (Philippines)">Secretary of Transportation<br />and Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pantaleon_Alvarez" title="Pantaleon Alvarez">Pantaleon Alvarez</a> (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leandro_Mendoza" title="Leandro Mendoza">Leandro Mendoza</a> (2002–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Anneli Lontoc (2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_(Philippines)" title="Executive Secretary (Philippines)">Executive Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Renato_de_Villa" title="Renato de Villa">Renato de Villa</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a> (2001–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Ermita" title="Eduardo Ermita">Eduardo Ermita</a> (2004–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leandro_Mendoza" title="Leandro Mendoza">Leandro Mendoza</a> (2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Communications_Group_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Communications Group (Philippines)">Presidential Spokesperson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Elena Bautista-Horn (2001–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Communications_Group_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Communications Group (Philippines)">Press Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_G._Dureza" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus G. Dureza">Jesus G. Dureza</a> (2001-2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Higher_Education_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)">Chairperson of the<br />Commission on Higher Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Carlito Puno (2001–2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romulo_Neri" title="Romulo Neri">Romulo Neri</a> (2007–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Emmanuel Angeles (2008–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">Director-General of the National<br />Economic and Development Authority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dante_Canlas" title="Dante Canlas">Dante Canlas</a> (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romulo_Neri" title="Romulo Neri">Romulo Neri</a> (2002–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Santos" title="Augusto Santos">Augusto Santos</a> (2005–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romulo_Neri" title="Romulo Neri">Romulo Neri</a> (2006–2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Santos" title="Augusto Santos">Augusto Santos</a> (2007–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a> (2008–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Santos" title="Augusto Santos">Augusto Santos</a> (2009–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Solicitor_General_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Solicitor General of the Philippines">Solicitor General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simeon_V._Marcelo" title="Simeon V. Marcelo">Simeon V. Marcelo</a> (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Carlos N. Ortega (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Benipayo" title="Alfredo Benipayo">Alfredo Benipayo</a> (2002–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Eduardo_Nachura" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Eduardo Nachura">Antonio Eduardo B. Nachura</a> (2006–2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Devanadera" title="Agnes Devanadera">Agnes Devanadera</a> (2007–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Agra" title="Alberto Agra">Alberto Agra</a> (2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Chairman of the Metropolitan<br />Manila Development Authority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Abalos" title="Benjamin Abalos">Benjamin Abalos</a> (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bayani_Fernando" title="Bayani Fernando">Bayani Fernando</a> (2002–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Inocentes" title="Oscar Inocentes">Oscar Inocentes</a> (2009–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Philippines)" title="National Security Council (Philippines)">National Security Adviser</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Noberto Gonzales (2001–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2004_Philippine_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2004_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2004 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2004_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2004 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2004_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2004 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2004_Philippine_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2004 Philippine presidential election">2004 Philippine presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas–CMD</a>) (<i><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koalisyon_ng_Nagkakaisang_Pilipino" title="Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino">KNP</a>) (<i><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr._2004_presidential_campaign" title="Fernando Poe Jr. 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a>) (<i><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Panfilo Lacson 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon</a>) (<i><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Raul Roco 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Villanueva" title="Eddie Villanueva">Eddie Villanueva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangon_Pilipinas" title="Bangon Pilipinas">BPP</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Vice presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a> (Independent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Legarda" title="Loren Legarda">Loren Legarda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koalisyon_ng_Nagkakaisang_Pilipino" title="Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino">KNP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herminio_Aquino" title="Herminio Aquino">Herminio Aquino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon</a>)</li> <li>Rodolfo Pajo (Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">1998 Philippine presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Makabayang_Masang_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino">LAMMP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia_Jr." title="Jose de Venecia Jr.">Jose de Venecia Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Mario_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio Mario Osmeña">Emilio Mario Osmeña</a> (<a href="/wiki/Probinsya_Muna_Development_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Probinsya Muna Development Initiative">PROMDI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_de_Villa" title="Renato de Villa">Renato de Villa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partido_para_sa_Demokratikong_Reporma" title="Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma">Reporma-LM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santiago_Dumlao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santiago Dumlao (page does not exist)">Santiago Dumlao</a> (Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Morato" title="Manuel Morato">Manuel Morato</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Bansang_Marangal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Bansang Marangal (page does not exist)">Partido Bansang Marangal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Vice presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Makabayang_Masang_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino">LAMMP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Orbos" title="Oscar Orbos">Oscar Orbos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partido_para_sa_Demokratikong_Reporma" title="Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma">Reporma-LM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio Osmeña III">Sergio Osmeña III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tatad" title="Francisco Tatad">Francisco Tatad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Sueno" title="Ismael Sueno">Ismael Sueno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Probinsya_Muna_Development_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Probinsya Muna Development Initiative">PROMDI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Santiago" title="Irene Santiago">Irene Santiago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Sabio" title="Camilo Sabio">Camilo Sabio</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Bansang_Marangal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Bansang Marangal (page does not exist)">Partido Bansang Marangal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reynaldo_Pacheco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reynaldo Pacheco (page does not exist)">Reynaldo Pacheco</a> (Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senatorial_history_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Senatorial_history_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Senatorial history of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="8th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1992–1995)_→_10th" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template:9th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template talk:9th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:9th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="8th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1992–1995)_→_10th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-right:.375rem;"><a href="/wiki/8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="8th Congress of the Philippines">8th</a> ←</span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="9th Congress of the Philippines">9th Congress of the Philippines (1992–1995)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="10th Congress of the Philippines">10th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a> (1992-93)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a> (1993-95)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Three Year Term Senators<sup>‡</sup> (1992-1995)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Full Term Senators<sup>‡</sup> (1992-1998)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agapito_Aquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapito Aquino">Agapito A. Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Biazon" title="Rodolfo Biazon">Rodolfo G. Biazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Coseteng" title="Nikki Coseteng">Anna Dominique M. Coseteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Lina_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Lina Jr.">Jose Lina Jr.</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Osme%C3%B1a" title="John Henry Osmeña">John Henry Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Rasul" class="mw-redirect" title="Nina Rasul">Nina Rasul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigberto_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Wigberto Tañada">Wigberto Tañada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tatad" title="Francisco Tatad">Francisco Tatad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino" title="Arturo Tolentino">Arturo Tolentino</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heherson_Alvarez" title="Heherson Alvarez">Heherson Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Herrera_(politician)" title="Ernesto Herrera (politician)">Ernesto Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_S._Mercado" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando S. Mercado">Orlando Mercado</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Revilla_Sr." title="Ramon Revilla Sr.">Ramon Revilla Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leticia_Ramos-Shahani" title="Leticia Ramos-Shahani">Leticia Ramos-Shahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Webb" title="Freddie Webb">Freddie Webb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 1995</i></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 1998</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>‡</sup> — Under the transitory provisions of the Philippine constitution, 24 senators were elected in this election. The first 12 senators who garnered the highest votes would have a 6 six year term while the next 12 senators would have a 3 year term.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="9th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1995–1998)_→_11th" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template:10th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:10th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:10th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="9th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1995–1998)_→_11th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-right:.375rem;"><a href="/wiki/9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="9th Congress of the Philippines">9th</a> ←</span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="10th Congress of the Philippines">10th Congress of the Philippines (1995–1998)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/11th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="11th Congress of the Philippines">11th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a> (1995–1996, 1998)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a> (1996–1998)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Senior Senators (1992–1998)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior Senators (1995–2001)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heherson_Alvarez" title="Heherson Alvarez">Heherson Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Herrera_(politician)" title="Ernesto Herrera (politician)">Ernesto Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_S._Mercado" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando S. Mercado">Orlando Mercado</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Revilla_Sr." title="Ramon Revilla Sr.">Ramon Revilla Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leticia_Ramos-Shahani" title="Leticia Ramos-Shahani">Leticia Ramos-Shahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Webb" title="Freddie Webb">Freddie Webb</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Coseteng" title="Nikki Coseteng">Nikki Coseteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Marcelo Fernan</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Flavier" title="Juan Flavier">Juan Flavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Jr." title="Ramon Magsaysay Jr.">Ramon Magsaysay Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio Osmeña III">Sergio Osmeña III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tatad" title="Francisco Tatad">Francisco Tatad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 1998</i></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2001</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>†</sup> — Position vacated when Fernan died in 1999.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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