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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>First Nagorno-Karabakh War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_leadership_and_arrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_leadership_and_arrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post-war leadership and arrest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_leadership_and_arrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_after_release_and_2017_arrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_after_release_and_2017_arrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Politics after release and 2017 arrest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics_after_release_and_2017_arrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Second Nagorno-Karabakh War and aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Founding_of_the_Liberal_Party_and_2021_Armenian_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_of_the_Liberal_Party_and_2021_Armenian_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Founding of the Liberal Party and 2021 Armenian elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_of_the_Liberal_Party_and_2021_Armenian_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_information_and_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_information_and_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personal information and titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_information_and_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A7%D5%AC_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B9)" title="Սամուէլ Բաբայեան (ռազմական գործիչ) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սամուէլ Բաբայեան (ռազմական գործիչ)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samvel_Babayan" title="Samvel Babayan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Samvel Babayan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Самвел Бабаян – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Самвел Бабаян" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samwel_Babajan" title="Samwel Babajan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samwel Babajan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samvel_Babayan" title="Samvel Babayan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Samvel Babayan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سامول بابایان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سامول بابایان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC)" title="Սամվել Բաբայան (գեներալ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սամվել Բաբայան (գեներալ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samvel_Babayan" title="Samvel Babayan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Samvel Babayan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سامڤيل بابايان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سامڤيل بابايان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samvel_Babayan" title="Samvel Babayan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Samvel Babayan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD,_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Бабаян, Самвел Андраникович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бабаян, Самвел Андраникович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samvel_Babayan" title="Samvel Babayan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Samvel Babayan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samvel_Babayan" title="Samvel Babayan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Samvel Babayan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Бабаян Самвел Андранікович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бабаян Самвел Андранікович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2495740#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Uzbek football coach, see <a href="/wiki/Samvel_Babayan_(football_coach)" title="Samvel Babayan (football coach)">Samvel Babayan (football coach)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Samvel Babayan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Babayan2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Babayan2017.png/220px-Babayan2017.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Babayan2017.png/330px-Babayan2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Babayan2017.png/440px-Babayan2017.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_of_the_Nagorno_Karabakh_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Defence of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic">Minister of Defence of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1995 – August 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Petrosyan" title="Leonard Petrosyan">Leonard Petrosyan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Ghukasyan" title="Arkadi Ghukasyan">Arkadi Ghukasyan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seyran_Ohanyan" title="Seyran Ohanyan">Seyran Ohanyan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1965-03-05</span>) </span>5 March 1965<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 59)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast">Nagorno-Karabakh AO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan SSR">Azerbaijan SSR</a>, Soviet Union</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Armenia)" title="Liberal Party (Armenia)">Liberal Party</a><br />Dashink (previously)<br /><a href="/wiki/United_Motherland" title="United Motherland">United Homeland Party</a> (Artsakh)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Soldier, Politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Artsakh" title="Hero of Artsakh">Hero of Artsakh</a> (Renounced in 2020)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Republic of Artsakh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Artsakh_Defense_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Artsakh Defense Army">Artsakh Defense Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1983—1985<br />1988—2000<br />2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(1992)" title="Battle of Shusha (1992)">Battle of Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalbajar" title="Battle of Kalbajar">Battle of Kalbajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aghdam" title="Battle of Aghdam">Battle of Aghdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kalbajar" title="Operation Kalbajar">Operation Kalbajar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Samvel Andraniki Babayan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Սամվել Անդրանիկի Բաբայան</span>; born 5 March 1965) is an <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> military officer and politician. He was one of the founders and main commanders of the <a href="/wiki/Artsakh_Defence_Army" title="Artsakh Defence Army">Artsakh Defence Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a> and became a war hero among Armenians for the military victories achieved under his command. </p><p>Following the war, he served as the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Defense_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army">Defense Minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Republic">Nagorno-Karabakh Republic</a> from 1994 to 2000. During this period, Babayan "became not only the military leader but the most powerful man in Karabakh overall, controlling its government and economy" until his arrest and imprisonment in 2000 on charges of attempting to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Ghukasyan" title="Arkadi Ghukasyan">Arkadi Ghukasyan</a>, President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Babayan was released from prison early in 2004. He served as Secretary of the Security Council of Artsakh from May 2020 until November 2020, when he resigned after Armenia's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Babayan was born on 5 March 1965 in <a href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast">Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan SSR">Azerbaijan SSR</a>. In 1982, he finished Armenian secondary school #7 named after <a href="/wiki/Yeghishe_Charents" title="Yeghishe Charents">Yeghishe Charents</a> in Stepanakert. From 1983 to 1985, he served in the Soviet military contingent in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-personsam_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personsam-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Waal" title="Thomas de Waal">Thomas de Waal</a>, Babayan made his living as a garage mechanic and car-washer and also worked at a café before the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First Nagorno-Karabakh War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1988, Samvel Babayan enlisted in a paramilitary unit and rose to command his own unit. From 1989 to 1991 he was the commander of the Stepanakert Second Volunteers Company and a member of the Stepanakert underground central headquarters. In 1991 he was arrested by Azerbaijani authorities for his paramilitary activities but was released the same year in exchange for an Azerbaijani official captured by Armenian forces.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Babayan rose to prominence during the military phase of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, in 1991–1994. Babayan coordinated Armenian operations in Karabakh, participated in the planning of the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Shusha" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Shusha">capture of Shusha</a> and was the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Lachin" title="Lachin">Lachin</a> front.<sup id="cite_ref-personsam_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personsam-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As unified military command began to be established in Nagorno-Karabakh in 1992–1993, Babayan became the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Defense_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army">Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army</a> in 1993, after his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Serzh_Sargsyan" title="Serzh Sargsyan">Serzh Sargsyan</a> left to become <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Defense_Minister_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Minister of Armenia">Defense Minister</a>. Under his command, the Karabakhi military won a number of strategic battles against the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijani military</a> and regained control over most of Nagorno-Karabakh as well as partially controlling 7 districts of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>. Babayan was one of the signatories of the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Bishkek_Protocol" title="Bishkek Protocol">ceasefire</a> which ended the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_leadership_and_arrest">Post-war leadership and arrest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-war leadership and arrest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samvel Babayan established himself as the most powerful man in Nagorno-Karabakh in the aftermath of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Thomas de Waal, Babayan acquired significant wealth by selling materials taken from the Azerbaijani <a href="/wiki/Armenian-occupied_territories_surrounding_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh">districts surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh</a> and by establishing a monopoly over cigarette and fuel imports to Nagorno-Karabakh through a company registered in his wife's name.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Babayan used his position to acquire land, businesses and tax privileges.<sup id="cite_ref-groong_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Nagorno-Karabakh's president <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan" title="Robert Kocharyan">Robert Kocharyan</a> left his position to become prime minister of Armenia, Babayan became even more influential in Karabakh's civilian politics.<sup id="cite_ref-groong_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1998, he forced Nagorno-Karabakh's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Petrosyan" title="Leonard Petrosyan">Leonard Petrosyan</a> to resign. At a joint session of the security councils of Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in January 1998, at the urging of <a href="/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan" title="Vazgen Sargsyan">Vazgen Sargsyan</a>, Robert Kocharyan, and Serzh Sargsyan, Babayan spoke strongly against President of Armenia <a href="/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrosyan" title="Levon Ter-Petrosyan">Levon Ter-Petrosyan's</a> plan to accept the <a href="/wiki/OSCE_Minsk_Group" title="OSCE Minsk Group">OSCE Minsk Group's</a> proposals to return some of the territory captured from Azerbaijan during the war and deploy international peacekeepers there; Ter-Petrosyan was forced to resign a month later.<sup id="cite_ref-groong_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Babayan then began to intervene in Armenian politics, funding the "Law and Unity" bloc in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Armenian_parliamentary_election" title="1999 Armenian parliamentary election">1999 Armenian parliamentary election</a>, where the bloc came in third. After this, Armenia's prime minister Vazgen Sargsyan and Robert Kocharyan (now president of Armenia) decided to restrain Babayan's growing influence.<sup id="cite_ref-groong_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robert Kocharyan was unable to deal with the Babayan issue directly due to the political chaos in Armenia following the <a href="/wiki/1999_Armenian_parliament_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Armenian parliament shooting">Armenian parliament shooting in October 1999</a>, leaving it to the government of Nagorno-Karabakh under <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Nagorno-Karabakh">president</a> <a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Ghukasyan" title="Arkadi Ghukasyan">Arkadi Ghukasyan</a> and the new Karabakh Army leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-groong_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1999, Babayan was forced to relinquish his position as the commander of the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army. On 22 March 2000, Babayan was arrested on charges of launching an assassination attempt on Arkadi Ghukasyan, which left the president seriously wounded but alive.<sup id="cite_ref-groong_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Babayan's arrest, Nagorno-Karabakh authorities confiscated Babayan's real estate, nationalized or closed down his enterprises, and detained or removed from office hundreds of officials loyal to him.<sup id="cite_ref-groong_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Babayan was tried for organizing the attempt on Ghukasyan's life along with 15 of his associates.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trial began on 18 September 2000 and ended on 26 February 2001, when Babayan was sentenced to 14 years of prison, stripped of several decorations and ranks, and disenfranchised.<sup id="cite_ref-groong_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of his associates were also sentenced to 14 years and the other defendants were given lesser sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the investigation and while serving his sentence, Babayan's health greatly deteriorated. He was said to suffer from hepatitis and other ailments which could not be treated in prison. On 18 September 2004, Samvel Babayan was released from maximum-security prison in <a href="/wiki/Shusha" title="Shusha">Shusha</a> due to health concerns, with the terms of release including a probationary period and continued disenfranchisement.<sup id="cite_ref-groong_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics_after_release_and_2017_arrest">Politics after release and 2017 arrest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Politics after release and 2017 arrest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2005, Samvel Babayan founded the Dashink ("Alliance") political party with his supporters. The party did not achieve any major success.<sup id="cite_ref-ArmNow_May16_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArmNow_May16-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Babayan returned to Armenia in May 2016 after a <i>de facto</i> exile in Moscow, shortly after <a href="/wiki/2016_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">major clashes</a> on the Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact. He stated, "Whether I was in Karabakh, Armenia or abroad, the security concerns of my country, my people have always been on my mind. I have the full grasp of the military situation, the problems at the frontlines and possess all necessary information."<sup id="cite_ref-ArmNow_May16_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArmNow_May16-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/2017_Armenian_parliamentary_election" title="2017 Armenian parliamentary election">2017 Armenian parliamentary election</a>, Babayan supported the pre-election <a href="/wiki/ORO_Alliance" title="ORO Alliance">coalition</a> of ex-defense minister of Armenia <a href="/wiki/Seyran_Ohanyan" title="Seyran Ohanyan">Seyran Ohanyan</a> (a fellow Karabakh Armenian and ex-defense minister of Nagorno-Karabakh). In March 2017, Babayan was arrested by the Armenian <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Armenia)" title="National Security Service (Armenia)">National Security Service</a> on charges of smuggling surface-to-air missiles and counterfeit Euros.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 November 2017, Babayan was convicted to six years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was released from detention following the <a href="/wiki/2018_Armenian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Armenian revolution">2018 Armenian revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Babayan founded the <a href="/wiki/United_Motherland" title="United Motherland">United Homeland Party</a> in Artsakh in September 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Babayan launched a presidential campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Artsakhian_general_election" title="2020 Artsakhian general election">2020 Artsakhian general election</a>, but was disqualified from participation.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later endorsed <a href="/wiki/Masis_Mayilyan" title="Masis Mayilyan">Masis Mayilyan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 May 2020, he was appointed Secretary of the Security Council of Artsakh.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War_and_aftermath">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War and aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second Nagorno-Karabakh War and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war">2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war</a>, Babayan was involved in the mobilization of Karabakh Armenian reservists and participated in the planning of a number of operations with Artsakh Defense Army commander <a href="/wiki/Jalal_Harutyunyan" title="Jalal Harutyunyan">Jalal Harutyunyan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the end of the war, Babayan revealed that he was involved in the planning of the defense of <a href="/wiki/Shusha" title="Shusha">Shusha</a> in the last week of the war, but that three battalions had refused to carry out their orders.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also revealed after the war that he proposed the idea of the failed operation that occurred on October 5-6, 2020, which was an attempt to cut off the Azerbaijani breakthrough near <a href="/wiki/Horadiz" title="Horadiz">Horadiz</a> (the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Lalatapa" title="Lalatapa">Lalatapa</a> operation", although Babayan claimed that the operation took place some 10 kilometers away from Lalatapa).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 10, 2020 he resigned as Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Security Council Secretary and renounced the title <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Artsakh" title="Hero of Artsakh">Hero of Artsakh</a> due to the conditions of the <a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement</a>, accusing both leaders of Armenia and Artsakh of treason and criminal actions.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_of_the_Liberal_Party_and_2021_Armenian_elections">Founding of the Liberal Party and 2021 Armenian elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Founding of the Liberal Party and 2021 Armenian elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2021, Babayan announced his intention to participate in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Armenian_parliamentary_election" title="2021 Armenian parliamentary election">2021 Armenian parliamentary election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Babayan ran in the Armenian parliamentary election in June 2021 as the prime ministerial candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Armenia)" title="Liberal Party (Armenia)">Liberal Party</a>, which he founded in March 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party received 14,936 votes, amounting to 1.17% of all votes, below the 5% threshold required to enter parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_information_and_titles">Personal information and titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal information and titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Babayan has been awarded with the army ranks of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">major general</a> (1994) and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">lieutenant general</a> (1996). He has been awarded with the Golden Eagle medal of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (1997) and has been declared a <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Artsakh" title="Hero of Artsakh">Hero of Artsakh</a> (he renounced the title after the <a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-personsam_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personsam-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-groong_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is married and has three children.<sup id="cite_ref-personsam_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personsam-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother Karen Babayan previously served as Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a> and Minister of Internal Affairs of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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.id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOhanian2004" class="citation news cs1">Ohanian, Karine (29 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iwpr.net/global-voices/freeing-karabakh-military-chief-stirs-debate">"Freeing of Karabakh Military Chief Stirs Debate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_War_and_Peace_Reporting" title="Institute for War and Peace Reporting">Institute for War and Peace Reporting</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Freeing+of+Karabakh+Military+Chief+Stirs+Debate&rft.date=2004-09-29&rft.aulast=Ohanian&rft.aufirst=Karine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiwpr.net%2Fglobal-voices%2Ffreeing-karabakh-military-chief-stirs-debate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-personsam-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-personsam_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-personsam_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-personsam_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-personsam_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persons.am/en/info.php?id=278">"Samvel Babayan"</a>. <i>persons.am</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=persons.am&rft.atitle=Samvel+Babayan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persons.am%2Fen%2Finfo.php%3Fid%3D278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Waal2003" class="citation book cs1">De Waal, Thomas (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50959080"><i>Black garden : Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war</i></a>. New York: New York University Press. pp. 210, 227, 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-1944-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-1944-9"><bdi>0-8147-1944-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50959080">50959080</a>. <q>The twenty-seven-year-old former garage mechanic Samvel Babayan employed ruthless tactics to form a Karabakh Armenian 'army'... He was uneducated and had previously made his living washing cars and working in a café. In 1991, he had been arrested and jailed by the Azerbaijanis, becoming a local hero on his release...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+garden+%3A+Armenia+and+Azerbaijan+through+peace+and+war&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=210%2C+227%2C+242&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50959080&rft.isbn=0-8147-1944-9&rft.aulast=De+Waal&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F50959080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanamyan2017" class="citation web cs1">Sanamyan, Emil (29 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurasianet.org/armenia-war-hero-sentenced-to-six-years-in-prison">"Armenia: War Hero Sentenced to Six Years in Prison | Eurasianet"</a>. <i>eurasianet.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eurasianet.org&rft.atitle=Armenia%3A+War+Hero+Sentenced+to+Six+Years+in+Prison+%7C+Eurasianet&rft.date=2017-11-29&rft.aulast=Sanamyan&rft.aufirst=Emil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurasianet.org%2Farmenia-war-hero-sentenced-to-six-years-in-prison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediamax.am/am/news/parzabanum/18415/">"Պարզաբանում. Սամվել Բաբայան"</a> [Clarification: Samvel Babayan]. <i>mediamax.am</i> (in Armenian). 26 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-24</span></span>. <q>Samvel Babayan's signature is on the 1994 Bishkek protocol, the ceasefire agreement between the NKR, Azerbaijan and Armenia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mediamax.am&rft.atitle=%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4.+%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC+%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmediamax.am%2Fam%2Fnews%2Fparzabanum%2F18415%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-groong-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-groong_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groong_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groong_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groong_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groong_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groong_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groong_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groong_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groong_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groong_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groong.com/ro/ro-20041006.html">"The rise and fall of Samvel Babayan"</a>. <i>Armenian News Network / Groong</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>. 6 October 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Armenian+News+Network+%2F+Groong&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+Samvel+Babayan&rft.date=2004-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groong.com%2Fro%2Fro-20041006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panarmenian.net/m/eng/news/6775">"NKR EX DEFENSE MINISTER IS SENTENCED TO 14 YEARS OF IMPRISONMENT"</a>. <i>www.panarmenian.net</i>. 26 February 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.panarmenian.net&rft.atitle=NKR+EX+DEFENSE+MINISTER+IS+SENTENCED+TO+14+YEARS+OF+IMPRISONMENT&rft.date=2001-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panarmenian.net%2Fm%2Feng%2Fnews%2F6775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArmNow_May16-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ArmNow_May16_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ArmNow_May16_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armenianow.com/en/news/politics/2016/05/26/armenia-samvel-babayan-karabakh-return-politics-security/3893/">"Babayan's Back: Former Karabakh strongman returns to Armenia after four-day war"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ArmeniaNow" title="ArmeniaNow">ArmeniaNow</a></i>. 26 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ArmeniaNow&rft.atitle=Babayan%27s+Back%3A+Former+Karabakh+strongman+returns+to+Armenia+after+four-day+war&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armenianow.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2F05%2F26%2Farmenia-samvel-babayan-karabakh-return-politics-security%2F3893%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenian.usc.edu/samvel-babayans-push-for-artsakh-presidency-hits-roadblocks/">"Samvel Babayan's Push for Artsakh Presidency Hits Roadblocks"</a>. <i>USC Institute of Armenian Studies</i>. 2019-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USC+Institute+of+Armenian+Studies&rft.atitle=Samvel+Babayan%27s+Push+for+Artsakh+Presidency+Hits+Roadblocks&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenian.usc.edu%2Fsamvel-babayans-push-for-artsakh-presidency-hits-roadblocks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManougianSargsyan2020" class="citation web cs1">Manougian, Harout; Sargsyan, Lusine (25 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evnreport.com/politics/artsakh-s-2020-election-the-essential-primer">"Artsakh's 2020 Election: The Essential Primer"</a>. <i>www.evnreport.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.evnreport.com&rft.atitle=Artsakh%27s+2020+Election%3A+The+Essential+Primer&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft.aulast=Manougian&rft.aufirst=Harout&rft.au=Sargsyan%2C+Lusine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evnreport.com%2Fpolitics%2Fartsakh-s-2020-election-the-essential-primer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1016768.html">Samvel Babayan appointed Secretary of Security Council of Artsakh</a> <a href="/wiki/Armenpress" title="Armenpress">Armenpress</a>, May 29, 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.civilnet.am/news/2020/12/13/Ձախողված-օպերացիաներ-զենքի-պակաս-հրամանների-մերժում-Սամվել-Բաբայանի-բացահայտումները-44-օրյա-պատերազմից/412869">"Ձախողված օպերացիաներ, զենքի պակաս, հրամանների մերժում. Սամվել Բաբայանի բացահայտումները 44-օրյա պատերազմից"</a> [Failed operations, lack of weapons, refusal of orders; Samvel Babayan's revelations from the 44 day war]. <i>www.civilnet.am</i> (in Armenian). 13 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.civilnet.am&rft.atitle=%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE+%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%2C+%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%AB+%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%2C+%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB+%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4.+%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC+%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB+%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8+44-%D6%85%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1+%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%81&rft.date=2020-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilnet.am%2Fnews%2F2020%2F12%2F13%2F%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE-%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80-%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%AB-%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD-%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB-%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4-%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8-44-%D6%85%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1-%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%81%2F412869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iravaban.net/327341.html">"Լելե-Թեփեի օպերացիա չի եղել․ Սամվել Բաբայան"</a> [Samvel Babayan: There was no 'Lele Tepe' operation]. <i>iravaban.net</i>. 18 April 2021. <q>I proposed the idea of the operation... they say '[the defense] isn't working, we don't have the resources to stope the enemy in those three directions.' Therefore, only Horadiz remains... The operation as such does not take place, the officers refuse for various reasons.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iravaban.net&rft.atitle=%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A5-%D4%B9%D5%A5%D6%83%D5%A5%D5%AB+%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1+%D5%B9%D5%AB+%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC%E2%80%A4+%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC+%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6&rft.date=2021-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firavaban.net%2F327341.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/secretary-of-karabakh-security-council-resign-1081544.html">Secretary Of Karabakh Security Council Resigning In Protest Against Ceasefire Deal</a> <a href="/wiki/Urdu_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu Point">Urdu Point</a>, 10 November 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/52737/">Babayan quits post of Security Council Secretary of Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Knot" title="Caucasian Knot">Caucasian Knot</a>, 11 November 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factor.am/358092.html">"Սամվել Բաբայանը մասնակցելու է առաջիկա ընտրություններին. ՏԵՍԱՆՅՈՒԹ"</a> [Samvel Babayan will participate in the upcoming elections. VIDEO]. <i>factor.am</i>. 12 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=factor.am&rft.atitle=%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC+%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8+%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82+%D5%A7+%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1+%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6.+%D5%8F%D4%B5%D5%8D%D4%B1%D5%86%D5%85%D5%88%D5%92%D4%B9&rft.date=2021-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactor.am%2F358092.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSargsyanManougian2021" class="citation web cs1">Sargsyan, Lusine; Manougian, Harout (3 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evnreport.com/elections/armenia-s-june-2021-parliamentary-election-the-essential-primer">"Armenia's June 2021 Parliamentary Election: The Essential Primer"</a>. <i>www.evnreport.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.evnreport.com&rft.atitle=Armenia%27s+June+2021+Parliamentary+Election%3A+The+Essential+Primer&rft.date=2021-06-03&rft.aulast=Sargsyan&rft.aufirst=Lusine&rft.au=Manougian%2C+Harout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evnreport.com%2Felections%2Farmenia-s-june-2021-parliamentary-election-the-essential-primer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dashboards.elections.am/Elections/Parliamentary2/Result/Index/20_06_2021_9">"Արդյունքներ - Ազգային Ժողովի"</a>. <i>dashboards.elections.am</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dashboards.elections.am&rft.atitle=%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80+-+%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdashboards.elections.am%2FElections%2FParliamentary2%2FResult%2FIndex%2F20_06_2021_9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamvel+Babayan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Defense_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army">Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000098295919">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145663765">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkXyFydPcvdWFHW968cT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2010064360">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;30px_Heroes_of_Artsakh_(Armenian:_Արցախի_հերոսներCategory:Articles_containing_Armenian-language_text)" style="background: #fdfdfd; width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #f29c4b; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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id="border&#124;30px_Heroes_of_Artsakh_(Armenian:_Արցախի_հերոսներCategory:Articles_containing_Armenian-language_text)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hero_of_Artsakh_ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hero_of_Artsakh_ribbon.png/30px-Hero_of_Artsakh_ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hero_of_Artsakh_ribbon.png/45px-Hero_of_Artsakh_ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hero_of_Artsakh_ribbon.png/60px-Hero_of_Artsakh_ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="66" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Artsakh" title="Hero of Artsakh">Heroes of Artsakh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Արցախի հերոսներ</span>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samvel Babayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan" title="Vazgen Sargsyan">Vazgen Sargsyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekor_Ashot" title="Bekor Ashot">Bekor Ashot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Melkonian" title="Monte Melkonian">Monte Melkonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyran_Ohanyan" title="Seyran Ohanyan">Seyran Ohanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan" title="Robert Kocharyan">Robert Kocharyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristapor_Ivanyan" title="Kristapor Ivanyan">Kristapor Ivanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manvel_Grigoryan" title="Manvel Grigoryan">Manvel Grigoryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samvel_Karapetyan_(general)" title="Samvel Karapetyan (general)">Samvel Karapetyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serzh_Sargsyan" title="Serzh Sargsyan">Serzh Sargsyan</a></li> <li><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD_%D5%82%D6%87%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Պետրոս Ղևոնդյան">Petros Ghevondyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movses_Hakobyan" title="Movses Hakobyan">Movses Hakobyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Balasanyan" title="Vitaly Balasanyan">Vitaly Balasanyan</a></li> <li><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Գեորգի Գասպարյան">Georgi Gasparyan</a></li> <li><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1_%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Յուրա Պողոսյան">Yura Poghosyan</a></li> <li><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B6_%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Վահագն Վարդևանյան">Vahagn Vardevanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zori_Balayan" title="Zori Balayan">Zori Balayan</a></li> <li><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%82%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Արշավիր Ղարամյան">Arshavir Gharamyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Ghukasyan" title="Arkadi Ghukasyan">Arkadi Ghukasyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkady_Ter-Tadevosyan" title="Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan">Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargev_Martirosyan" title="Pargev Martirosyan">Pargev Martirosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahen_Meghrian" title="Shahen Meghrian">Shahen Meghrian</a></li> <li><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Ժաննա Գալստյան">Zhanna Galstyan</a></li> <li><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80_%D4%B1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Արթուր Աղաբեկյան">Arthur Aghabekyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Abajyan" title="Robert Abajyan">Robert Abajyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Azgaldyan" title="Leonid Azgaldyan">Leonid Azgaldyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Balayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Balayan (page does not exist)">Vladimir Balayan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Վլադիմիր Բալայան">hy</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" class="extiw" title="uk:Балаян Володимир">uk</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Jalavyan" title="Karen Jalavyan">Karen Jalavyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Markosyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar Markosyan (page does not exist)">Edgar Markosyan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A4%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Էդգար Մարկոսյան">hy</a>; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Маркосян, Эдгар Эдвардович">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shakaryan" title="Sergey Shakaryan">Sergey Shakaryan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armen_Knyazyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armen Knyazyan (page does not exist)">Armen Knyazyan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Արմեն Կնյազյան">hy</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenak_Urfanyan" title="Armenak Urfanyan">Armenak Urfanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Mkrtchyan" title="Artur Mkrtchyan">Artur Mkrtchyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sahakyan" title="Adam Sahakyan">Adam Sahakyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Grigoryan_(servicemen)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Grigoryan (servicemen)">David Grigoryan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yura_Alaverdyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yura Alaverdyan (page does not exist)">Yura Alaverdyan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1_%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Յուրա Ալավերդյան">hy</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ghazaryan" title="David Ghazaryan">David Ghazaryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suren_Barseghyan" title="Suren Barseghyan">Suren Barseghyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Harutyunyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Harutyunyan (page does not exist)">Alexander Harutyunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menua_Hovhannisyan" title="Menua Hovhannisyan">Menua Hovhannisyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ararat_Melkumyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ararat Melkumyan (page does not exist)">Ararat Melkumyan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF_%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Արարատ Մելքումյան">hy</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Harutyunyan" title="Jalal Harutyunyan">Jalal Harutyunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Gasparyan" title="Rustam Gasparyan">Rustam Gasparyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_Shakaryan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen Shakaryan (page does not exist)">Karen Shakaryan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunan_Hayrumyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunan Hayrumyan (page does not exist)">Hunan Hayrumyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakob_Harutyunyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakob Harutyunyan (page does not exist)">Hakob Harutyunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igor_Muradyan_(serviceman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igor Muradyan (serviceman) (page does not exist)">Igor Muradyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigen_Shirinyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vigen Shirinyan (page does not exist)">Vigen Shirinyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narek_Hovhannisyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narek Hovhannisyan (page does not exist)">Narek Hovhannisyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tovmas_Tovmasyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tovmas Tovmasyan (page does not exist)">Tovmas Tovmasyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Arushanyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Arushanyan (page does not exist)">David Arushanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Ghazaryan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samvel Ghazaryan (page does not exist)">Samvel Ghazaryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen_Margaryan" title="Alen Margaryan">Alen Margaryan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artur_Aghasyan_(serviceman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artur Aghasyan (serviceman) (page does not exist)">Artur Aghasyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vardan_Avetisyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vardan Avetisyan (page does not exist)">Vardan Avetisyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artur_Alexanyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artur Alexanyan (page does not exist)">Artur Alexanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Gevorgyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samvel Gevorgyan (page does not exist)">Samvel Gevorgyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hovhannisyan" title="Albert Hovhannisyan">Albert Hovhannisyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Template talk:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="History of Nagorno-Karabakh">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Azerbaijanis_from_Armenia" title="Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia">Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabakh_movement" title="Karabakh movement">Karabakh movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miatsum" title="Miatsum">Miatsum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Armenians in Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Baku" title="Armenians in Baku">Armenians in Baku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Azerbaijanis in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan">Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_relations" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan relations">Armenia–Azerbaijan relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First war</a> (1988–1994)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ardaql%C4%B1,_Shamkir#Deportation_of_the_Armenian_population" title="Çardaqlı, Shamkir">Çardaqlı clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askeran_clash" title="Askeran clash">Askeran clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumgait_pogrom" title="Sumgait pogrom">Sumgait pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugark_pogrom" title="Gugark pogrom">Gugark pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvartnots_Airport_clash" title="Zvartnots Airport clash">Zvartnots Airport clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_violence_in_Shusha_and_Stepanakert" title="1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert">Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirovabad_pogrom" title="Kirovabad pogrom">Kirovabad pogrom</a></li> <li>Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku_pogrom" title="Baku pogrom">Baku pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fanis_Ayrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bağanis Ayrum">Bağanis Ayrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Tbilisi%E2%80%93Agdam_bus_bombing" title="1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing">1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ring" title="Operation Ring">Operation Ring</a></li> <li>Voskepar massacre</li> <li>Battle of Togh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Azerbaijani_Mil_Mi-8_shootdown" title="1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown">1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_on_Abolishment_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast">Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Stepanakert" title="Siege of Stepanakert">Siege of Stepanakert</a></li> <li>Operation Dashalty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Azerbaijani_Mil_Mi-8_shootdown" title="1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown">1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gushchular_and_Malibeyli" title="Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli">Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Garadaghly" title="Capture of Garadaghly">Capture of Garadaghly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojaly_massacre" title="Khojaly massacre">Khojaly massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraga_massacre" title="Maraga massacre">Maraga massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(1992)" title="Battle of Shusha (1992)">Capture of Shusha</a></li> <li>Capture of Artsvashen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Goranboy" title="Operation Goranboy">Operation Goranboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardakert_and_Martuni_Offensives" title="Mardakert and Martuni Offensives">Mardakert and Martuni Offensives</a></li> <li>Operation Həsənqaya</li> <li>Battle of Lachin</li> <li>Operation Qazançı</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Azerbaijani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état">1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalbajar" title="Battle of Kalbajar">Battle of Kalbajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aghdam" title="Battle of Aghdam">Battle of Aghdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Summer_Offensives" title="1993 Summer Offensives">1993 Summer Offensives</a></li> <li>Operation Geghamasar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Horadiz" title="Operation Horadiz">Operation Horadiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kalbajar" title="Operation Kalbajar">Operation Kalbajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Baku_Metro_bombings" title="1994 Baku Metro bombings">1994 Baku Metro bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Iranian_Air_Force_C-130_shootdown" title="1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown">1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bagratashen_bombing" title="1994 Bagratashen bombing">1994 Bagratashen bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Azerbaijan" title="Refugees in Azerbaijan">Refugees in Azerbaijan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interwar clashes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Mardakert_clashes" title="2008 Mardakert clashes">2008 Mardakert clashes</a></li> <li>January 2009 Agdam military incident</li> <li>September 2009 Agdam military incident</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nagorno-Karabakh_clashes" title="2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes">2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Mardakert_clashes" title="2010 Mardakert clashes">2010 Mardakert clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_border_clashes" title="2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes">2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Armenian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown" title="2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown">2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown</a></li> <li>2016 Odundağ clashes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a></li> <li>2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_shelling_of_Alxanl%C4%B1" title="2017 shelling of Alxanlı">Shelling of Alxanlı</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a></li> <li>2019 clash near Chinari</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="Incidents during the July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">Incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2020 Azerbaijani protests">Protests in Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">Reactions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second war</a> (2020)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Timeline of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Casualties of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="International reactions to the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Allegations of third-party involvement in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Allegations of third-party involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagiz_offensive" title="Madagiz offensive">Madagiz offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aras_Valley_campaign" title="Aras Valley campaign">Aras Valley campaign</a></li> <li>Bombardments (<a href="/wiki/2020_Barda_missile_attacks" title="2020 Barda missile attacks">Barda</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_Ganja_missile_attacks" title="2020 Ganja missile attacks">Ganja</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_Ghazanchetsots_Cathedral_shelling" title="2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling">Ghazanchetsots Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_bombardment_of_Martuni" title="2020 bombardment of Martuni">Martuni</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_bombardment_of_Stepanakert" title="2020 bombardment of Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Tartar" title="Bombardment of Tartar">Tartar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hadrut" title="Battle of Hadrut">Battle of Hadrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachin_offensive" title="Lachin offensive">Lachin offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(2020)" title="Battle of Shusha (2020)">Battle of Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown" title="2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown">Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_prisoners_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Armenian prisoners of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Treatment of Armenian POWs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-ceasefire events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%27s_construction_in_areas_gained_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Azerbaijan's construction in areas gained in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Armenian_protests" title="2020–2021 Armenian protests">2020–2021 Armenian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh#2020" title="Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh">Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">Border crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_clashes" title="September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes">September 2022 escalation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susuzluq_explosion" title="Susuzluq explosion">Susuzluq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh#2021" title="Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh">Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farukh#History" title="Farukh">Farukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Armenian_protests" title="2022 Armenian protests">2022 Armenian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh">Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh">2023 Azerbaijani offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Armenian_protests" title="2023 Armenian protests">Protests in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians" title="Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians">Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkadzor_fuel_depot_explosion" title="Berkadzor fuel depot explosion">Berkadzor fuel depot explosion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh">Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askeran_Province" title="Askeran Province">Askeran Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrut_Province" title="Hadrut Province">Hadrut Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashatagh_Province" title="Kashatagh Province">Kashatagh Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martakert_Province" title="Martakert Province">Martakert Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martuni_Province" title="Martuni Province">Martuni Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahumyan_Province" title="Shahumyan Province">Shahumyan Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shushi_Province" title="Shushi Province">Shushi Province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian-occupied_territories_surrounding_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh">Armenian-occupied territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghdam_District" title="Aghdam District">Aghdam District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzuli_District" title="Fuzuli District">Fuzuli District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabrayil_District" title="Jabrayil District">Jabrayil District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalbajar_District" title="Kalbajar District">Kalbajar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachin_District" title="Lachin District">Lachin District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lachin_corridor" title="Lachin corridor">Lachin corridor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubadli_District" title="Qubadli District">Qubadli District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangilan_District" title="Zangilan District">Zangilan District</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrosyan" title="Levon Ter-Petrosyan">Levon Ter-Petrosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan" title="Robert Kocharyan">Robert Kocharyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serzh_Sargsyan" title="Serzh Sargsyan">Serzh Sargsyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Nikol Pashinyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/15px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Republic of Artsakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Mkrtchyan" title="Artur Mkrtchyan">Artur Mkrtchyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan" title="Robert Kocharyan">Robert Kocharyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Petrosyan" title="Leonard Petrosyan">Leonard Petrosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Ghukasyan" title="Arkadi Ghukasyan">Arkadi Ghukasyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bako_Sahakyan" title="Bako Sahakyan">Bako Sahakyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arayik_Harutyunyan" title="Arayik Harutyunyan">Arayik Harutyunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samvel_Shahramanyan" title="Samvel Shahramanyan">Samvel Shahramanyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayaz_Mutallibov" title="Ayaz Mutallibov">Ayaz Mutallibov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abulfaz_Elchibey" title="Abulfaz Elchibey">Abulfaz Elchibey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Heydar Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Community_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh">Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayram_Safarov" title="Bayram Safarov">Bayram Safarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizami_Bahmanov" title="Nizami Bahmanov">Nizami Bahmanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tural_Ganjaliyev" title="Tural Ganjaliyev">Tural Ganjaliyev</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan" title="Vazgen Sargsyan">Vazgen Sargsyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgen_Dalibaltayan" title="Gurgen Dalibaltayan">Gurgen Dalibaltayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norat_Ter-Grigoryants" title="Norat Ter-Grigoryants">Norat Ter-Grigoryants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirair_Sefilian" title="Jirair Sefilian">Jirair Sefilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiran_Khachatryan" title="Tiran Khachatryan">Tiran Khachatryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyran_Ohanyan" title="Seyran Ohanyan">Seyran Ohanyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/15px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Republic of Artsakh</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samvel Babayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristapor_Ivanyan" title="Kristapor Ivanyan">Kristapor Ivanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkady_Ter-Tadevosyan" title="Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan">Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Melkonian" title="Monte Melkonian">Monte Melkonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Harutyunyan" title="Jalal Harutyunyan">Jalal Harutyunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Arzumanyan" title="Mikael Arzumanyan">Mikael Arzumanyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isgandar_Hamidov" title="Isgandar Hamidov">Isgandar Hamidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahim_Gaziyev" title="Rahim Gaziyev">Rahim Gaziyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Huseynov" title="Surat Huseynov">Surat Huseynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeh_Barshadly" title="Valeh Barshadly">Valeh Barshadly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mais_Barkhudarov" title="Mais Barkhudarov">Mais Barkhudarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmat_Mirzayev" title="Hikmat Mirzayev">Hikmat Mirzayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmat_Hasanov" title="Hikmat Hasanov">Hikmat Hasanov</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Polyanichko" title="Viktor Polyanichko">Viktor Polyanichko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Grachev" title="Pavel Grachev">Pavel Grachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Muradov" title="Rustam Muradov">Rustam Muradov</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shamil_Basayev" title="Shamil Basayev">Shamil Basayev</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar" title="Gulbuddin Hekmatyar">Gulbuddin Hekmatyar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peace process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_rules" title="Baker rules">Baker rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishkek_Protocol" title="Bishkek Protocol">Bishkek Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Tehran Communiqué">Tehran Communiqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheleznovodsk_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Zheleznovodsk Communiqué">Zheleznovodsk Communiqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Minsk_Group" title="OSCE Minsk Group">OSCE Minsk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Process_(Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_negotiations)" title="Prague Process (Armenian–Azerbaijani negotiations)">Prague Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Principles" title="Madrid Principles">Madrid Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2020 ceasefire agreement</a></li> <li>2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Needs_Assessment_Team_in_Armenia" title="OSCE Needs Assessment Team in Armenia">OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Monitoring_Capacity_to_Armenia" title="European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia">EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Planning_Assistance_Team_in_Armenia" title="EU Planning Assistance Team in Armenia">EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Mission_in_Armenia" title="European Union Mission in Armenia">EUMA Feb 2023–present</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2023 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2023 ceasefire agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Declaration" title="Astrakhan Declaration">Astrakhan Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Declaration" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration">Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Lisbon_Summit_Declaration" title="NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration">NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11" title="OIC Resolution 10/11">OIC Resolution 10/11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37" title="OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37">OIC Resolution 10/37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_Resolution_1416_(2005)" title="Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 1416 (2005)">PACE Resolution 1416</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_Resolution_2085_(2016)" title="Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 2085 (2016)">PACE Resolution 2085</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_48/114" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 48/114">UNGA Resolution 48/114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_60/285" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/285">UNGA Resolution 60/285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_62/243" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 62/243">UNGA Resolution 62/243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">UNSC resolutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_822" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 822">822</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_853" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 853">853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_874" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 874">874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_884" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 884">884</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&oldid=1254858638">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samvel_Babayan&oldid=1254858638</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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