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propensity score</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: generalized propensity score"> <meta name="keywords" content="generalized propensity score"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="generalized propensity score"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2868</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: generalized propensity score</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2868</span> Generalized Additive Model for Estimating Propensity Score</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahmidul%20Islam">Tahmidul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique has been widely used for estimating causal effect of treatment in observational studies. One major step of implementing PSM is estimating the propensity score (PS). Logistic regression model with additive linear terms of covariates is most used technique in many studies. Logistics regression model is also used with cubic splines for retaining flexibility in the model. However, choosing the functional form of the logistic regression model has been a question since the effectiveness of PSM depends on how accurately the PS been estimated. In many situations, the linearity assumption of linear logistic regression may not hold and non-linear relation between the logit and the covariates may be appropriate. One can estimate PS using machine learning techniques such as random forest, neural network etc for more accuracy in non-linear situation. In this study, an attempt has been made to compare the efficacy of Generalized Additive Model (GAM) in various linear and non-linear settings and compare its performance with usual logistic regression. GAM is a non-parametric technique where functional form of the covariates can be unspecified and a flexible regression model can be fitted. In this study various simple and complex models have been considered for treatment under several situations (small/large sample, low/high number of treatment units) and examined which method leads to more covariate balance in the matched dataset. It is found that logistic regression model is impressively robust against inclusion quadratic and interaction terms and reduces mean difference in treatment and control set equally efficiently as GAM does. GAM provided no significantly better covariate balance than logistic regression in both simple and complex models. The analysis also suggests that larger proportion of controls than treatment units leads to better balance for both of the methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title="accuracy">accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covariate%20balances" title=" covariate balances"> covariate balances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20additive%20model" title=" generalized additive model"> generalized additive model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression" title=" logistic regression"> logistic regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linearity" title=" non-linearity"> non-linearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40433/generalized-additive-model-for-estimating-propensity-score" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2867</span> The New Propensity Score Method and Assessment of Propensity Score: A Simulation Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Najafkouchak">Azam Najafkouchak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Todem"> David Todem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorothy%20Pathak"> Dorothy Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pramod%20Pathak"> Pramod Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Gardiner"> Joseph Gardiner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propensity score (PS) methods have recently become the standard analysis tool for causal inference in observational studies where exposure is not randomly assigned. Thus, confounding can impact the estimation of treatment effect on the outcome. Due to the dangers of discretizing continuous variables, the focus of this paper will be on how the variation in cut-points or boundaries will affect the average treatment effect utilizing the stratification of the PS method. In this study, we will develop a new methodology to improve the efficiency of the PS analysis through stratification and simulation study. We will also explore the property of empirical distribution of average treatment effect theoretically, including asymptotic distribution, variance estimation and 95% confident Intervals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score" title="propensity score">propensity score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratification" title=" stratification"> stratification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emprical%20distribution" title=" emprical distribution"> emprical distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20treatment%20effect" title=" average treatment effect"> average treatment effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152772/the-new-propensity-score-method-and-assessment-of-propensity-score-a-simulation-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2866</span> A Generalised Propensity Score Analysis to Investigate the Influence of Agricultural Research Systems on Greenhouse Gas Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spada%20Alessia">Spada Alessia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiore%20Mariantonietta"> Fiore Mariantonietta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamonaca%20Emilia"> Lamonaca Emilia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cont%C3%B2%20Francesco"> Contò Francesco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bioeconomy can give the chance to face new global challenges and can move ahead the transition from a waste economy to an economy based on renewable resources and sustainable consumption. Air pollution is a grave issue in green challenges, mainly caused by anthropogenic factors. The agriculture sector is a great contributor to global greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions due to lacking efficient management of the resources involved and research policies. In particular, livestock sector contributes to emissions of GHGs, deforestation, and nutrient imbalances. More effective agricultural research systems and technologies are crucial in order to improve farm productivity but also to reduce the GHGs emissions. Using data from FAOSTAT statistics and concern the EU countries; the aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of ASTI R&D (Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators) on GHGs emissions for countries EU in 2015 by generalized propensity score procedures, estimating a dose-response function, also considering a set of covariates. Expected results show the existence of the influence of ASTI R&D on GHGs across EU countries. Implications are crucial: reducing GHGs emissions by means of R&D based policies and correlatively reaching eco-friendly management of required resources by means of green available practices could have a crucial role for fair intra-generational implications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20research%20systems" title="agricultural research systems">agricultural research systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose-response%20function" title=" dose-response function"> dose-response function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20propensity%20score" title=" generalized propensity score"> generalized propensity score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG%20emissions" title=" GHG emissions"> GHG emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68511/a-generalised-propensity-score-analysis-to-investigate-the-influence-of-agricultural-research-systems-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2865</span> The Food Security and Nutritional Diversity Impacts of Coupling Rural Infrastructure and Value Chain Development: Evidence from a Generalized Propensity Score Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latif%20Apaassongo%20Ibrahim">Latif Apaassongo Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Owusu-Addo%20Ebenezer"> Owusu-Addo Ebenezer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Bonuedo"> Isaac Bonuedo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Structural barriers - including inadequate infrastructure, poor market linkages, and limited access to financial and extension services - have been the major constraints to improved welfare in the semi-arid regions of Ghana; food insecurity and malnutrition are persistent. The effects of infrastructural improvements as countermeasures are often misdirected by confounding effects of other economic, social, and environmental variables. This study applies Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) to map the causal pathways between infrastructure development and household welfare, identifying key mediators and confounders for one such initiative in Ghana. Then, using Generalized Propensity Score (GPS) and Doubly Robust Estimation (IPWRA), this study evaluates the differential roles of government-supported infrastructure improvements in access and intensity of commercial relative to public infrastructure, on household food security and women’s nutritional diversity given three major value-chain improvements. The main findings suggest that these infrastructure improvements positively impact food security and nutrition, with women’s empowerment and nutritional education acting as key mediators. Market access emerged as a stronger causal mechanism relative to productivity gains in linking infrastructure to improved welfare. Membership in Farmer-Based Organizations (FBOs) and participation in agribusiness linkages further amplified these impacts. However, the effects of infrastructure improvements were less clear when combined with the adoption of climate resilience practices, suggesting potential trade-offs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title="food security">food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20access" title=" market access"> market access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%27s%20empowerment" title=" women's empowerment"> women's empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmer-based%20organizations" title=" farmer-based organizations"> farmer-based organizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20resilience" title=" climate resilience"> climate resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghana" title=" Ghana"> Ghana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192677/the-food-security-and-nutritional-diversity-impacts-of-coupling-rural-infrastructure-and-value-chain-development-evidence-from-a-generalized-propensity-score-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2864</span> An Efficient Propensity Score Method for Causal Analysis With Application to Case-Control Study in Breast Cancer Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ms%20Azam%20Najafkouchak">Ms Azam Najafkouchak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Todem"> David Todem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorothy%20Pathak"> Dorothy Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pramod%20Pathak"> Pramod Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Gardiner"> Joseph Gardiner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propensity score (PS) methods have recently become the standard analysis as a tool for the causal inference in the observational studies where exposure is not randomly assigned, thus, confounding can impact the estimation of treatment effect on the outcome. For the binary outcome, the effect of treatment on the outcome can be estimated by odds ratios, relative risks, and risk differences. However, using the different PS methods may give you a different estimation of the treatment effect on the outcome. Several methods of PS analyses have been used mainly, include matching, inverse probability of weighting, stratification, and covariate adjusted on PS. Due to the dangers of discretizing continuous variables (exposure, covariates), the focus of this paper will be on how the variation in cut-points or boundaries will affect the average treatment effect (ATE) utilizing the stratification of PS method. Therefore, we are trying to avoid choosing arbitrary cut-points, instead, we continuously discretize the PS and accumulate information across all cut-points for inferences. We will use Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate ATE, focusing on two PS methods, stratification and covariate adjusted on PS. We will then show how this can be observed based on the analyses of the data from a case-control study of breast cancer, the Polish Women’s Health Study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20treatment%20effect" title="average treatment effect">average treatment effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score" title=" propensity score"> propensity score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratification" title=" stratification"> stratification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covariate%20adjusted" title=" covariate adjusted"> covariate adjusted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monte%20Calro%20estimation" title=" monte Calro estimation"> monte Calro estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case_control%20study" title=" case_control study"> case_control study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152765/an-efficient-propensity-score-method-for-causal-analysis-with-application-to-case-control-study-in-breast-cancer-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2863</span> Risking Injury: Exploring the Relationship between Risk Propensity and Injuries among an Australian Rules Football Team</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20A.%20Harris">Sarah A. Harris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fleur%20L.%20McIntyre"> Fleur L. McIntyre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paola%20T.%20Chivers"> Paola T. Chivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20G.%20Piggott"> Benjamin G. Piggott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiona%20H.%20Farringdon"> Fiona H. Farringdon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Australian Rules Football (ARF) is an invasion based, contact field sport with over one million participants. The contact nature of the game increases exposure to all injuries, including head trauma. Evidence suggests that both concussion and sub-concussive traumas such as head knocks may damage the brain, in particular the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex may not reach full maturity until a person is in their early twenties with males taking longer to mature than females. Repeated trauma to the pre-frontal cortex during maturation may lead to negative social, cognitive and emotional effects. It is also during this period that males exhibit high levels of risk taking behaviours. Risk propensity and the incidence of injury is an unexplored area of research. Little research has considered if the level of player’s (especially younger players) risk propensity in everyday life places them at an increased risk of injury. Hence the current study, investigated if a relationship exists between risk propensity and self-reported injuries including diagnosed concussion and head knocks, among male ARF players aged 18 to 31 years. Method: The study was conducted over 22 weeks with one West Australian Football League (WAFL) club during the 2015 competition. Pre-season risk propensity was measured using the 7-item self-report Risk Propensity Scale. Possible scores ranged from 9 to 63, with higher scores indicating higher risk propensity. Players reported their self-perceived injuries (concussion, head knocks, upper body and lower body injuries) fortnightly using the WAFL Injury Report Survey (WIRS). A unique ID code was used to ensure player anonymity, which also enabled linkage of survey responses and injury data tracking over the season. A General Linear Model (GLM) was used to analyse whether there was a relationship between risk propensity score and total number of injuries for each injury type. Results: Seventy one players (N=71) with an age range of 18.40 to 30.48 years and a mean age of 21.92 years (±2.96 years) participated in the study. Player’s mean risk propensity score was 32.73, SD ±8.38. Four hundred and ninety five (495) injuries were reported. The most frequently reported injury was head knocks representing 39.19% of total reported injuries. The GLM identified a significant relationship between risk propensity and head knocks (F=4.17, p=.046). No other injury types were significantly related to risk propensity. Discussion: A positive relationship between risk propensity and head trauma in contact sports (specifically WAFL) was discovered. Assessing player’s risk propensity therefore, may identify those more at risk of head injuries. Potentially leading to greater monitoring and education of these players throughout the season, regarding self-identification of head knocks and symptoms that may indicate trauma to the brain. This is important because many players involved in WAFL are in their late teens or early 20’s hence, may be at greater risk of negative outcomes if they experience repeated head trauma. Continued education and research into the risks associated with head injuries has the potential to improve player well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=football" title="football">football</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20injuries" title=" head injuries"> head injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury%20identification" title=" injury identification"> injury identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47264/risking-injury-exploring-the-relationship-between-risk-propensity-and-injuries-among-an-australian-rules-football-team" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2862</span> Application of Generalized Autoregressive Score Model to Stock Returns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katleho%20Daniel%20Makatjane">Katleho Daniel Makatjane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diteboho%20Lawrence%20Xaba"> Diteboho Lawrence Xaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ntebogang%20Dinah%20Moroke"> Ntebogang Dinah Moroke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study investigates the behaviour of time-varying parameters that are based on the score function of the predictive model density at time t. The mechanism to update the parameters over time is the scaled score of the likelihood function. The results revealed that there is high persistence of time-varying, as the location parameter is higher and the skewness parameter implied the departure of scale parameter from the normality with the unconditional parameter as 1.5. The results also revealed that there is a perseverance of the leptokurtic behaviour in stock returns which implies the returns are heavily tailed. Prior to model estimation, the White Neural Network test exposed that the stock price can be modelled by a GAS model. Finally, we proposed further researches specifically to model the existence of time-varying parameters with a more detailed model that encounters the heavy tail distribution of the series and computes the risk measure associated with the returns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20autoregressive%20score%20model" title="generalized autoregressive score model">generalized autoregressive score model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20returns" title=" stock returns"> stock returns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-varying" title=" time-varying"> time-varying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78817/application-of-generalized-autoregressive-score-model-to-stock-returns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2861</span> The Association between Masculinity and Anxiety in Canadian Men</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikk%20Leavitt">Nikk Leavitt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Kellett"> Peter Kellett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheryl%20Currie"> Cheryl Currie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Larouche"> Richard Larouche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Masculinity has been associated with poor mental health outcomes in adult men and is colloquially referred to as toxic. Masculinity is traditionally measured using the Male Role Norms Inventory, which examines behaviors that may be common in men but that are themselves associated with poor mental health regardless of gender (e.g., aggressiveness). The purpose of this study was to examine if masculinity is associated with generalized anxiety among men using this inventory vs. a man’s personal definition of it. Method: An online survey collected data from 1,200 men aged 18-65 across Canada in July 2022. Masculinity was measured using: 1) the Male Role Norms Inventory Short Form and 2) by asking men to self-define what being masculine means. Men were then asked to rate the extent they perceived themselves to be masculine on a scale of 1 to 10 based on their definition of the construct. Generalized anxiety disorder was measured using the GAD-7. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between each masculinity score and anxiety score, adjusting for confounders. Results: The masculinity score measured using the inventory was positively associated with increased anxiety scores among men (β = 0.02, p < 0.01). Masculinity subscales most strongly correlated with higher anxiety were restrictive emotionality (β = 0.29, p < 0.01) and dominance (β = 0.30, p < 0.01). When traditional masculinity was replaced by a man’s self-rated masculinity score in the model, the reverse association was found, with increasing masculinity resulting in a significantly reduced anxiety score (β = -0.13, p = 0.04). Discussion: These findings highlight the need to revisit the ways in which masculinity is defined and operationalized in research to better understand its impacts on men’s mental health. The findings also highlight the importance of allowing participants to self-define gender-based constructs, given they are fluid and socially constructed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masculinity" title="masculinity">masculinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20anxiety%20disorder" title=" generalized anxiety disorder"> generalized anxiety disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=race" title=" race"> race</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersectionality" title=" intersectionality"> intersectionality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165070/the-association-between-masculinity-and-anxiety-in-canadian-men" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2860</span> On the Fractional Integration of Generalized Mittag-Leffler Type Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Lavault">Christian Lavault</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the generalized fractional integral operators of two generalized Mittag-Leffler type functions are investigated. The special cases of interest involve the generalized M-series and K-function, both introduced by Sharma. The two pairs of theorems established herein generalize recent results about left- and right-sided generalized fractional integration operators applied here to the M-series and the K-function. The note also results in important applications in physics and mathematical engineering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fox%E2%80%93Wright%20Psi%20function" title="Fox–Wright Psi function">Fox–Wright Psi function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20hypergeometric%20function" title=" generalized hypergeometric function"> generalized hypergeometric function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20Riemann%E2%80%93%20Liouville%20and%20Erd%C3%A9lyi%E2%80%93Kober%20fractional%20integral%20operators" title=" generalized Riemann– Liouville and Erdélyi–Kober fractional integral operators"> generalized Riemann– Liouville and Erdélyi–Kober fractional integral operators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saigo%27s%20generalized%20fractional%20calculus" title=" Saigo's generalized fractional calculus"> Saigo's generalized fractional calculus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharma%27s%20M-series%20and%20K-function" title=" Sharma's M-series and K-function"> Sharma's M-series and K-function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60662/on-the-fractional-integration-of-generalized-mittag-leffler-type-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2859</span> Robustified Asymmetric Logistic Regression Model for Global Fish Stock Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osamu%20Komori">Osamu Komori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinto%20Eguchi"> Shinto Eguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Okamura"> Hiroshi Okamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Momoko%20Ichinokawa"> Momoko Ichinokawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The long time-series data on population assessments are essential for global ecosystem assessment because the temporal change of biomass in such a database reflects the status of global ecosystem properly. However, the available assessment data usually have limited sample sizes and the ratio of populations with low abundance of biomass (collapsed) to those with high abundance (non-collapsed) is highly imbalanced. To allow for the imbalance and uncertainty involved in the ecological data, we propose a binary regression model with mixed effects for inferring ecosystem status through an asymmetric logistic model. In the estimation equation, we observe that the weights for the non-collapsed populations are relatively reduced, which in turn puts more importance on the small number of observations of collapsed populations. Moreover, we extend the asymmetric logistic regression model using propensity score to allow for the sample biases observed in the labeled and unlabeled datasets. It robustified the estimation procedure and improved the model fitting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20robust%20estimation" title="double robust estimation">double robust estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20binary%20data" title=" ecological binary data"> ecological binary data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20effect%20logistic%20regression%20model" title=" mixed effect logistic regression model"> mixed effect logistic regression model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score" title=" propensity score"> propensity score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65277/robustified-asymmetric-logistic-regression-model-for-global-fish-stock-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2858</span> National Directorate of Employment Training and Agricultural-Small and Medium Enterprises Performance in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Festus%20M.%20Epetimehin">Festus M. Epetimehin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to identify the effect of National Directorate of Employment (NDE) training on the profit of Agricultural-Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and to evaluate the factors that influenced farmers' participation in NDE training, as well as the type and frequency of training farmers and other agro-allied entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling procedure, a total of 384 respondents were sampled, including 192 beneficiaries and 192 non-beneficiaries in Oyo and Lagos States, respectively. Data were analysed using Binary Logit regression and Propensity Score Matching techniques. According to the binary logit analysis, respondents’ gender, availability to extension services, and the location of respondent’s operation were determinant factors influencing NDE training enrolment. All identified factors are related to the probability of respondents’ involvement in a positive way. Propensity score matching revealed that Agricultural-SMEs who participated in the NDE program boosted their profit by N341,072.18. The positive outcome of the effect implies that NDE training enhances Agri-SME performance in Nigeria. The study concluded that greater funding should be provided for the NDE for performance-enhancing training of the Agri-SMEs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSM" title="PSM">PSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20logit%20model" title=" binary logit model"> binary logit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agri-SME" title=" Agri-SME"> Agri-SME</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153024/national-directorate-of-employment-training-and-agricultural-small-and-medium-enterprises-performance-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2857</span> Prediction and Analysis of Human Transmembrane Transporter Proteins Based on SCM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui-Ling%20Huang">Hui-Ling Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamara%20Vasylenko"> Tamara Vasylenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phasit%20Charoenkwan"> Phasit Charoenkwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Hsiang%20Chiu"> Shih-Hsiang Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinn-Ying%20Ho"> Shinn-Ying Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The knowledge of the human transporters is still limited due to technically demanding procedure of crystallization for the structural characterization of transporters by spectroscopic methods. It is desirable to develop bioinformatics tools for effective analysis of available sequences in order to identify human transmembrane transporter proteins (HMTPs). This study proposes a scoring card method (SCM) based method for predicting HMTPs. We estimated a set of propensity scores of dipeptides to be HMTPs using SCM from the training dataset (HTS732) consisting of 366 HMTPs and 366 non-HMTPs. SCM using the estimated propensity scores of 20 amino acids and 400 dipeptides -as HMTPs, has a training accuracy of 87.63% and a test accuracy of 66.46%. The five top-ranked dipeptides include LD, NV, LI, KY, and MN with scores 996, 992, 989, 987, and 985, respectively. Five amino acids with the highest propensity scores are Ile, Phe, Met, Gly, and Leu, that hydrophobic residues are mostly highly-scored. Furthermore, obtained propensity scores were used to analyze physicochemical properties of human transporters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dipeptide%20composition" title="dipeptide composition">dipeptide composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20property" title=" physicochemical property"> physicochemical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20transmembrane%20transporter%20proteins" title=" human transmembrane transporter proteins"> human transmembrane transporter proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20transmembrane%20transporters%20binding%20propensity" title=" human transmembrane transporters binding propensity"> human transmembrane transporters binding propensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring%20card%20method" title=" scoring card method"> scoring card method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31931/prediction-and-analysis-of-human-transmembrane-transporter-proteins-based-on-scm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2856</span> The Impact of Informal Care on Health Behavior among Older People with Chronic Diseases: A Study in China Using Propensity Score Matching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Wu">Hong Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naiji%20Lu"> Naiji Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improvement of health behavior among people with chronic diseases is vital for increasing longevity and enhancing quality of life. This paper researched the causal effects of informal care on the compliance with doctor’s health advices – smoking control, dietetic regulation, weight control and keep exercising – among older people with chronic diseases in China, which is facing the challenge of aging. We addressed the selection bias by using propensity score matching in the estimation process. We used the 2011-2012 national baseline data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Our results showed informal care can help improve health behavior of older people. First, informal care improved the compliance of smoking controls: whether smoke, frequency of smoking, and the time lag between wake up and the first cigarette was all lower for these older people with informal care; Second, for dietetic regulation, older people with informal care had more meals every day than older people without informal care; Third, three variables: BMI, whether gain weight and whether lose weight were used to measure the outcome of weight control. There were no significant difference between group with informal care and that without for BMI and the possibility of losing weight. Older people with informal care had lower possibility of gain weight than that without; Last, for the advice of keeping exercising, informal care increased the probability of walking exercise, however, the difference between groups for moderate and vigorous exercise were not significant. Our results indicate policy makers who aim to decrease accidents should take informal care to elders into account and provide an appropriate policy to meet the demand of informal care. Our birth policy and postponed retirement policy may decrease the informal caregiving hours, so adjustments of these policies are important and urgent to meet the current situation of aged tendency of population. In addition, government could give more support to develop organizations to provide formal care, such as nursing home. We infer that formal care is also useful for health behavior improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20diseases" title="chronic diseases">chronic diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compliance" title=" compliance"> compliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CHARLS" title=" CHARLS"> CHARLS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20advice" title=" health advice"> health advice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20care" title=" informal care"> informal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20people" title=" older people"> older people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69798/the-impact-of-informal-care-on-health-behavior-among-older-people-with-chronic-diseases-a-study-in-china-using-propensity-score-matching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2855</span> Inclusive Business and Its Contribution to Farmers Wellbeing in Arsi Ethiopia: Empirical Evidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Senait%20G.%20Worku">Senait G. Worku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ellen%20Mangnus"> Ellen Mangnus </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inclusive business models which integrates low-income people with companies value chain in a commercially viable way has gained momentum for the perceived potential to contribute to poverty alleviation and food security in developing countries. This article investigates the impact of Community Revenue Enhancement through Technology Extension (CREATE) project of Heineken brewery on smallholder farmers’ wellbeing in Arsi zone Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. CREATE is a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) between Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and Heineken N.V. which source malt barely from smallholder farmers in three zones of Oromia. The study assessed the impact of CREATE on malt barley productivity, food security and new asset purchase in Arsi zone by comparing households that participate in the project with non-participating households using propensity score matching method. The finding indicated that households that participated in the CREATE project had higher malt barley productivity and purchased more new assets than non-participating households. However, there is no significant difference on food security status of participating and non-participating households indicating that the project has a profound impact on asset accumulation than on food security improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20business" title="inclusive business">inclusive business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malt%20barley" title=" malt barley"> malt barley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellbeing" title=" wellbeing"> wellbeing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89780/inclusive-business-and-its-contribution-to-farmers-wellbeing-in-arsi-ethiopia-empirical-evidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2854</span> Transition Pay vs. Liquidity Holdings: A Comparative Analysis on Consumption Smoothing using Bank Transaction Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Neuteboom">Nora Neuteboom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates household financial behaviors during unemployment spells in the Netherlands using high-frequency transaction data through a event study specification integrating propensity score matching. In our specification, we contrasted treated individuals, who underwent job loss, with non-treated individuals possessing comparable financial characteristics. The initial onset of unemployment triggers a substantial surge in income, primarily attributed to transition payments, but swiftly drops post-unemployment, with unemployment benefits covering slightly over half of former salary earnings. Despite a re-employment rate of around half within six months, the treatment group experiences a persistent average monthly earnings reduction of approximately 600 EUR by month. Spending patterns fluctuate significantly, surging before unemployment due to transition payments and declining below non-treated individuals post-unemployment, indicating challenges to fully smooth consumption after job loss. Furthermore, our study disentangles the effects of transition payments and liquidity holdings on spending, revealing that transition payments exert a more pronounced and prolonged impact on consumption smoothing than liquidity holdings. Transition payments significantly stimulate spending, particularly in pin and iDEAL categories, contrasting a much smaller relative spending impact of liquidity holdings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20consumption" title="household consumption">household consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaction%20data" title=" transaction data"> transaction data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189675/transition-pay-vs-liquidity-holdings-a-comparative-analysis-on-consumption-smoothing-using-bank-transaction-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2853</span> Theorizing Women’s Political Leadership: Cross-National Comparison</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjeoung%20Kim">Minjeoung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since women obtained the right to vote in 1893 for the first time in New Zealand, they have tried to participate actively into politics but still the world has a few women in political leadership. The article asks which factors might influence the appearance of women leadership in politics. The article investigates two factors such as political context, personal factors. Countries where economic development is stable and political democracy is consolidated have a tendency of appearance of women political leadership but in less developed and politically unstable countries, women politicians can be in power with their own reasons. For the personal factor, their feminist propensity is studied but there is no relationship between the appearance of women leaders and their feminist propensity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20political%20leadership" title="women political leadership">women political leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20context" title=" political context"> political context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20track" title=" slow track"> slow track</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transitory%20countries" title=" transitory countries"> transitory countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminist%20propensity" title=" feminist propensity"> feminist propensity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12435/theorizing-womens-political-leadership-cross-national-comparison" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2852</span> New-Born Children and Marriage Stability: An Evaluation of Divorce Risk Based on 2010-2018 China Family Panel Studies Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchao%20Yao">Yuchao Yao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As two of the main characteristics of Chinese demographic trends, increasing divorce rates and decreasing fertility rates both shaped the population structure in the recent decade. Figuring out to what extent can be having a child make a difference in the divorce rate of a couple will not only draw a picture of Chinese families but also bring about a new perspective to evaluate the Chinese child-breeding policies. Based on China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) Data 2010-2018, this paper provides a systematic evaluation of how children influence a couple’s marital stability through a series of empirical models. Using survival analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) model, this paper finds that the number and age of children that a couple has mattered in consolidating marital relationship, and these effects vary little over time; during the last decade, newly having children can in fact decrease the possibility of divorce for Chinese couples; the such decreasing effect is largely due to the birth of a second child. As this is an inclusive attempt to study and compare not only the effects but also the causality of children on divorce risk in the last decade, the results of this research will do a good summary of the status quo of divorce in China. Furthermore, this paper provides implications for further reforming the current marriage and child-breeding policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divorce%20risk" title="divorce risk">divorce risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title=" fertility"> fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival%20analysis" title=" survival analysis"> survival analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157408/new-born-children-and-marriage-stability-an-evaluation-of-divorce-risk-based-on-2010-2018-china-family-panel-studies-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2851</span> Impact of Output Market Participation on Cassava-Based Farming Households' Welfare in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyi%20Olalekan%20Olawuyi">Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbyssiania%20Mushunje"> Abbyssiania Mushunje</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The potential benefits of agricultural production to improve the welfare condition of smallholder farmers in developing countries is no more a news because it has been widely documented. Yet majority of these farming households suffer from shortfall in production output to meet both the consumption needs and market demand which adversely affects output market participation and by extension welfare condition. Therefore, this study investigated the impacts of output market participation on households’ welfare of cassava-based farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 324 sample size used for this study. The findings from the data obtained and analyzed through composite score and crosstab analysis revealed that there is varying degree of output market participation among the farmers which also translate to the observed welfare profile differentials in the study area. The probit model analysis with respect to the selection equation identified gender of household head, household size, access to remittance, off-farm income and ownership of farmland as significant drivers of output market participation in the study area. Furthermore, the treatment effect model of the welfare equation and propensity score matching (PSM) technique were used as robust checks; and the findings attest to the fact that, complimentarily with other significant variables highlighted in this study, output market participation indeed has a significant impact on farming households’ welfare. As policy implication inferences, the study recommends female active inclusiveness and empowerment in farming activities, birth control strategies, secondary income smoothing activities and discouragement of land fragmentation habits, to boost productivity and output market participation, which by extension can significantly improve farming households’ welfare. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassava%20market%20participation" title="Cassava market participation">Cassava market participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=households%27%20welfare" title=" households' welfare"> households' welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment%20effect%20model" title=" treatment effect model"> treatment effect model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88960/impact-of-output-market-participation-on-cassava-based-farming-households-welfare-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2850</span> The Impact of Socialization Preferences on Perceptions of Generalized Social Trust in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Menghzheng%20Yao">Menghzheng Yao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generalized social trust among Chinese has been declining in the past few decades, making the search for its causes necessary. Drawing on the symbolic interaction theory and the 2012 Chinese General Social Survey data, this research investigated the impact of people’s socialization preferences and frequencies on their perceptions of generalized social trust in China. This research also took a preliminary step towards understanding the spatial differences of the generalized social trust using the ArcGIS software. The results show that respondents who interacted with their neighbors more frequently were more likely to have higher levels of perceptions of generalized social trust. Several demographics were also significantly related to perception of generalized social trust. Elderly and better educated Chinese and people with higher self-perceived social status were associated with greater levels of generalized social trust perception, while urban dwellers and religious respondents expressed lower levels of such perception. Implications for future research and policy are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20social%20trust" title=" generalized social trust"> generalized social trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbolic%20interaction" title=" symbolic interaction"> symbolic interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ArcGIS" title=" ArcGIS"> ArcGIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70818/the-impact-of-socialization-preferences-on-perceptions-of-generalized-social-trust-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2849</span> Nano Generalized Topology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Bakeir">M. Y. Bakeir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rough set theory is a recent approach for reasoning about data. It has achieved a large amount of applications in various real-life fields. The main idea of rough sets corresponds to the lower and upper set approximations. These two approximations are exactly the interior and the closure of the set with respect to a certain topology on a collection U of imprecise data acquired from any real-life field. The base of the topology is formed by equivalence classes of an equivalence relation E defined on U using the available information about data. The theory of generalized topology was studied by Cs´asz´ar. It is well known that generalized topology in the sense of Cs´asz´ar is a generalization of the topology on a set. On the other hand, many important collections of sets related with the topology on a set form a generalized topology. The notion of Nano topology was introduced by Lellis Thivagar, which was defined in terms of approximations and boundary region of a subset of an universe using an equivalence relation on it. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new generalized topology in terms of rough set called nano generalized topology <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20sets" title="rough sets">rough sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20space" title=" topological space"> topological space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20topology" title=" generalized topology"> generalized topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20topology" title=" nano topology "> nano topology </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28088/nano-generalized-topology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2848</span> The Impact of Adopting Cross Breed Dairy Cows on Households’ Income and Food Security in the Case of Dejen Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misganaw%20Chere%20Siferih">Misganaw Chere Siferih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study assessed the impact of crossbreed dairy cows on household income and food security. The study area is found in Dejen Woreda, East Gojam Zone, and Amhara region of Ethiopia. Random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 80 crossbreed dairy cow owners and 176 indigenous dairy cow owners. The study employed food consumption score analytical framework to measure food security status of the household. No Statistical significant mean difference is found between crossbreed owners and indigenous owners. Logistic regression was employed to investigate crossbreed dairy cow adoption determinants , the result indicates that gender, education, labor number, land size cultivated, dairy cooperatives membership, net income and food security status of the household are statistically significant independent variables, which explained the binary dependent variable, crossbreed dairy cow adoption. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to analyze the impact of crossbreed dairy cow owners on farmers’ income and food security. The average net income of crossbreed dairy cow owners was found to be significantly higher than indigenous dairy cow owners. Estimates of average treatment effect of the treated (ATT) indicated that crossbreed dairy cow is able to impact households’ net income by 42%, 38.5%, 30.8% and 44.5% higher in kernel, radius, nearest neighborhood and stratification matching algorithms respectively as compared to indigenous dairy cow owners. However, estimates of average treatment of the treated (ATT) suggest that being an owner of crossbreed dairy cow is not able to affect food security significantly. Thus, crossbreed dairy cow enables farmers to increase income but not their food security in the study area. Finally, the study recommended establishing dairy cooperatives and advice farmers to become a member of them, attention to promoting the impact of crossbreed dairy cows and promotion of nutrition focus projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crossbreed%20dairy%20cow" title="crossbreed dairy cow">crossbreed dairy cow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20income" title=" net income"> net income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185129/the-impact-of-adopting-cross-breed-dairy-cows-on-households-income-and-food-security-in-the-case-of-dejen-woreda-amhara-region-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2847</span> Derivatives Formulas Involving I-Functions of Two Variables and Generalized M-Series</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebreegziabher%20Hailu%20Gebrecherkos">Gebreegziabher Hailu Gebrecherkos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the derivatives of functions defined by I-functions of two variables and their connections to generalized M-series. We begin by defining I-functions, which are generalized functions that encompass various special functions, and analyze their properties. By employing advanced calculus techniques, we derive new formulas for the first and higher-order derivatives of I-functions with respect to their variables; we establish some derivative formulae of the I-function of two variables involving generalized M-series. The special cases of our derivatives yield interesting results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-function" title="I-function">I-function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mellin-Barners%20control%20integral" title=" Mellin-Barners control integral"> Mellin-Barners control integral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20M-series" title=" generalized M-series"> generalized M-series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20order%20derivative" title=" higher order derivative"> higher order derivative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192292/derivatives-formulas-involving-i-functions-of-two-variables-and-generalized-m-series" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2846</span> Generalized Central Paths for Convex Programming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Zhi%20Liao">Li-Zhi Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The central path has played the key role in the interior point method. However, the convergence of the central path may not be true even in some convex programming problems with linear constraints. In this paper, the generalized central paths are introduced for convex programming. One advantage of the generalized central paths is that the paths will always converge to some optimal solutions of the convex programming problem for any initial interior point. Some additional theoretical properties for the generalized central paths will be also reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20path" title="central path">central path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convex%20programming" title=" convex programming"> convex programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20central%20path" title=" generalized central path"> generalized central path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interior%20point%20method" title=" interior point method"> interior point method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58039/generalized-central-paths-for-convex-programming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2845</span> Upper Bound of the Generalized P-Value for the Difference between Two Future Population Means</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rada%20Somkhuean">Rada Somkhuean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa-aat%20Niwitpong"> Sa-aat Niwitpong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suparat%20Niwitpong"> Suparat Niwitpong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the generalized p-values for testing the difference between two future population means when the variances are unknown, in both cases for when the variances are equal and unequal. We also derive a closed form expression of the upper bound of the proposed generalized p-value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20p-value" title="generalized p-value">generalized p-value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20future%20population%20means" title=" two future population means"> two future population means</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20bound" title=" upper bound"> upper bound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variances" title=" variances"> variances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12128/upper-bound-of-the-generalized-p-value-for-the-difference-between-two-future-population-means" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2844</span> Antecedents of Online Trust Towards E-Retailers for Repeat Buyers: An Empirical Study in Indian Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prageet%20Aeron">Prageet Aeron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpi%20Jain"> Shilpi Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work explores the trust building mechanisms in the context of e-commerce vendors and reconciles trust as a cognitive as well as a knowledge-based mechanism in the framework which is developed. The paper conducts an empirical examination of the variables integrity, benevolence, and ability with trust as the dependent variable and propensity to trust as the mediating variable. Authors establish ability and integrity as primary antecedents as well as establish the central role of trust propensity in the online context for Indian buyers. Authors further identify that benevolence in the context of Indian buyers online behaviour seems insignificant, and this seems counter-intutive given the role of discounts in the Indian market. Lastly, authors conclude that the role of media and social influencers in building a perception of trust seems of little consequence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-retailers" title=" e-retailers"> e-retailers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20to%20trust" title=" propensity to trust"> propensity to trust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50692/antecedents-of-online-trust-towards-e-retailers-for-repeat-buyers-an-empirical-study-in-indian-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2843</span> Generalized Chaplygin Gas and Varying Bulk Viscosity in Lyra Geometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Sethi">A. K. Sethi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20N.%20Patra"> R. N. Patra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Nayak"> B. Nayak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have considered Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric with generalized Chaplygin gas which has viscosity in the context of Lyra geometry. The viscosity is considered in two different ways (i.e. zero viscosity, non-constant <em>r</em> (rho)-dependent bulk viscosity) using constant deceleration parameter which concluded that, for a special case, the viscous generalized Chaplygin gas reduces to modified Chaplygin gas. The represented model indicates on the presence of Chaplygin gas in the Universe. Observational constraints are applied and discussed on the physical and geometrical nature of the Universe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20viscosity" title="bulk viscosity">bulk viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lyra%20geometry" title=" lyra geometry"> lyra geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20chaplygin%20gas" title=" generalized chaplygin gas"> generalized chaplygin gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmology" title=" cosmology"> cosmology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105557/generalized-chaplygin-gas-and-varying-bulk-viscosity-in-lyra-geometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2842</span> Weyl Type Theorem and the Fuglede Property</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20M.%20Rashid">M. H. M. Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given H a Hilbert space and B(H) the algebra of bounded linear operator in H, let δAB denote the generalized derivation defined by A and B. The main objective of this article is to study Weyl type theorems for generalized derivation for (A,B) satisfying a couple of Fuglede. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuglede%20Property" title="Fuglede Property">Fuglede Property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weyl%E2%80%99s%20theorem" title=" Weyl’s theorem"> Weyl’s theorem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20derivation" title=" generalized derivation"> generalized derivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aluthge%20transform" title=" Aluthge transform"> Aluthge transform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113531/weyl-type-theorem-and-the-fuglede-property" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2841</span> Effect of the Birth Order and Arrival of Younger Siblings on the Development of a Child: Evidence from India </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Srivastava">Swati Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Kumar%20Upadhyay"> Ashish Kumar Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using longitudinal data from three waves of Young Lives Study and Ordinary Least Square methods, study has investigated the effect of birth order and arrival of younger siblings on child development in India. Study used child’s height for age z-score, weight for age z-score, BMI for age z-score, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-Score)c, maths score, Early Grade Reading Assessment Test (ERGA) score, and memory score to measure the physical and cognitive development of child during wave-3. Findings suggest that having a high birth order is detrimental for child development and the gap between adjacent siblings is larger for children late in the birth sequences than early in the birth sequences. Study also reported that not only older siblings but arrival of younger siblings before assessment of test also reduces the development of a child. The effects become stronger in case of female children than male children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height%20for%20age%20z-score" title="height for age z-score">height for age z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20for%20age%20z-score" title=" weight for age z-score"> weight for age z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BMI%20for%20z-score" title=" BMI for z-score"> BMI for z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPVT%20score" title=" PPVT score"> PPVT score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=math%20score" title=" math score"> math score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EGRA%20score" title=" EGRA score"> EGRA score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory%20score" title=" memory score"> memory score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birth%20order" title=" birth order"> birth order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=siblings" title=" siblings"> siblings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Lives%20Study" title=" Young Lives Study"> Young Lives Study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40686/effect-of-the-birth-order-and-arrival-of-younger-siblings-on-the-development-of-a-child-evidence-from-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2840</span> Local Homology Modules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Mohammadi%20Aghjeh%20Mashhad">Fatemeh Mohammadi Aghjeh Mashhad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we give several ways for computing generalized local homology modules by using Gorenstein flat resolutions. Also, we find some bounds for vanishing of generalized local homology modules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a-adic%20completion%20functor" title="a-adic completion functor">a-adic completion functor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20local%20homology%20modules" title=" generalized local homology modules"> generalized local homology modules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gorenstein%20flat%20modules" title=" Gorenstein flat modules"> Gorenstein flat modules</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23188/local-homology-modules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2839</span> On the Analysis of Strategies of Buechi Games</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Termimi%20Ab%20Ghani">Ahmad Termimi Ab Ghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kojiro%20Higuchi"> Kojiro Higuchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present some results of simultaneous infinite games. We mainly work with generalized reachability games and Buechi games. These games are two-player concurrent games where each player chooses simultaneously their moves at each step. Our goal is to give simple expressions of values for each game. Moreover, we are interested in the question of what type of optimal (ε-optimal) strategy exists for both players depending on the type of games. We first show the determinacy (optimal value) and optimal (ε-optimal) strategies in generalized reachability games. We provide a simple expressions of value of this game and prove the existence of memoryless randomized ε-optimal strategy for Player I in any generalized reachability games. We then observe games with more complex objectives, games with Buechi objectives. We present how to compute an ε-optimal strategies and approximate a value of game in some way. Specifically, the results of generalized reachability games are used to show the value of Buechi games can be approximated as values of some generalized reachability games. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20Strategies" title="optimal Strategies">optimal Strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20reachability%20games" title=" generalized reachability games"> generalized reachability games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buechi%20games" title=" Buechi games"> Buechi games</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23287/on-the-analysis-of-strategies-of-buechi-games" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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