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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Audio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theme_Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theme_Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Theme Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theme_Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographic_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geographic impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="أسطورة سليبي هولو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسطورة سليبي هولو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_llegenda_de_Sleepy_Hollow" title="La llegenda de Sleepy Hollow – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="La llegenda de Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F_%CE%BC%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ο μύθος της κοιμισμένης κοιλάδας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ο μύθος της κοιμισμένης κοιλάδας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_leyenda_de_Sleepy_Hollow" title="La leyenda de Sleepy Hollow – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La leyenda de Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="افسانه سوار بی‌سر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="افسانه سوار بی‌سر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_L%C3%A9gende_de_Sleepy_Hollow" title="La Légende de Sleepy Hollow – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Légende de Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%BC_%ED%95%A0%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A4" title="슬리피 할로의 전설 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="슬리피 할로의 전설" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_leggenda_di_Sleepy_Hollow" title="La leggenda di Sleepy Hollow – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La leggenda di Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%92%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95" title="האגדה על סליפי הולו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האגדה על סליפי הולו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Маужыраған терең сай – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Маужыраған терең сай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_%C3%81lmosv%C3%B6lgy_legend%C3%A1ja_(novella)" title="Az Álmosvölgy legendája (novella) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Álmosvölgy legendája (novella)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A6" title="スリーピー・ホロウ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スリーピー・ホロウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda_o_Sennej_Kotlinie" title="Legenda o Sennej Kotlinie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Legenda o Sennej Kotlinie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda_c%C4%83l%C4%83re%C8%9Bului_f%C4%83r%C4%83_cap" title="Legenda călărețului fără cap – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legenda călărețului fără cap" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Легенда о Сонной Лощине – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Легенда о Сонной Лощине" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%98_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Легенда о Успаваној долини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Легенда о Успаваној долини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fs%C4%B1z_S%C3%BCvari" title="Başsız Süvari – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başsız Süvari" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Легенда про Сонну Балку – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Легенда про Сонну Балку" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%9D%A1%E8%B0%B7%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA" title="沉睡谷傳說 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="沉睡谷傳說" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%9D%A1%E8%B0%B7%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%87" title="沉睡谷传奇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沉睡谷传奇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q72309#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Short story by Washington Irving</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%; background: #ededed;color:inherit;">"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; background:whitesmoke;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">Short story</a> by <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ichabods_chase_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ichabods_chase_crop.jpg/275px-Ichabods_chase_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ichabods_chase_crop.jpg/413px-Ichabods_chase_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ichabods_chase_crop.jpg/550px-Ichabods_chase_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="474" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Ichabod Crane pursued by the Headless Horseman</i>, by <a href="/wiki/F.O.C._Darley" class="mw-redirect" title="F.O.C. Darley">F.O.C. Darley</a>, 1849</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wikiversity-Mooc-Icon-Further-readings.svg/25px-Wikiversity-Mooc-Icon-Further-readings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wikiversity-Mooc-Icon-Further-readings.svg/38px-Wikiversity-Mooc-Icon-Further-readings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wikiversity-Mooc-Icon-Further-readings.svg/50px-Wikiversity-Mooc-Icon-Further-readings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></span></span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"><i>Text available</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's Book">Children's Book</a> <a href="/wiki/Gothic_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic horror">Gothic horror</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;color:inherit;">Publication</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Published in</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sketch_Book_of_Geoffrey_Crayon,_Gent." title="The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.">The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">Hardback</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a> and <a href="/wiki/Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Online">online</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publication date</th><td class="infobox-data">1820</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;color:inherit;">Chronology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Series</th><td class="infobox-data">The Sketch Book</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 50%; padding: 0.2em 0.1em 0.2em 0; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/10px-Arrleft.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/15px-Arrleft.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/20px-Arrleft.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="133" /></span></span> <br />The Angler </td> <td style="width: 50%; padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 0.1em; text-align: center;">  <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arrright.svg/10px-Arrright.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arrright.svg/15px-Arrright.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arrright.svg/20px-Arrright.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="133" /></span></span> <br />L'Envoy </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:LibriVox_-_Sleepy_Hollow_-_Washington_Irving.ogg" title="File:LibriVox - Sleepy Hollow - Washington Irving.ogg">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="4998" data-mwtitle="LibriVox_-_Sleepy_Hollow_-_Washington_Irving.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/LibriVox_-_Sleepy_Hollow_-_Washington_Irving.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/LibriVox_-_Sleepy_Hollow_-_Washington_Irving.ogg/LibriVox_-_Sleepy_Hollow_-_Washington_Irving.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">The short story read by Chip from the <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> project</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>"<b>The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</b>" is an 1820 <a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">short story</a> by American author <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a> contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories titled <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sketch_Book_of_Geoffrey_Crayon,_Gent." title="The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.">The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.</a></i> Irving wrote the story while living in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England. </p><p>Along with Irving's companion piece "<a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle">Rip Van Winkle</a>", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction with enduring popularity, especially during <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> because of a character known as the <a href="/wiki/Headless_Horseman" title="Headless Horseman">Headless Horseman</a> believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)" title="Hessian (soldier)">Hessian soldier</a> who was decapitated by a cannonball in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been adapted for the screen several times, including a 1922 silent film and in 1949, a <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> animation as one of two segments in the <a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">package film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Ichabod_and_Mr._Toad" title="The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad">The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The story is set in 1790 in the countryside near the former <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">Dutch settlement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tarrytown,_New_York" title="Tarrytown, New York">Tarry Town</a>, in a secluded <a href="/wiki/Glen" title="Glen">glen</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_New_York" title="Sleepy Hollow, New York">Sleepy Hollow</a>. It relates the tale of <a href="/wiki/Ichabod_Crane" title="Ichabod Crane">Ichabod Crane</a>, a lean, lanky, superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut. Ichabod intends to woo Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter of a wealthy farmer, in order to procure her family's riches for himself. He competes for her affection with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy. Unable to goad Ichabod into fighting for Katrina's hand, Brom instead wages a campaign of harassment against the schoolmaster, plaguing him with a series of pranks and practical jokes. </p><p>One autumn night, Ichabod is invited to attend a harvest party at the Van Tassel homestead. At the party, Brom tells the story of the Headless Horseman, the notorious ghost of a <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)" title="Hessian (soldier)">Hessian trooper</a> decapitated by a cannonball during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>. The Horseman is supposedly buried in a churchyard in Sleepy Hollow and rises from his grave every night to search for his missing head but is supernaturally barred from crossing a wooden bridge that spans a nearby stream. </p><p>Katrina rejects Ichabod before he leaves. He leaves the party crestfallen and rides home on a borrowed plow horse named Gunpowder. He encounters a cloaked rider and believes it to be the Headless Horseman. Ichabod rides for his life with the apparition close behind. At the bridge, the Horseman rears his horse and hurls his severed head directly at Crane, knocking him off his horse. </p><p>The next morning, Gunpowder is found eating the grass at his master's gate, but Ichabod has disappeared from the area, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones. Although the true nature of both the Headless Horseman and Ichabod's disappearance is left open to interpretation, it is implied that the Horseman was actually Brom. A shattered pumpkin is found near Ichabod's hat where he fell, suggesting that the severed head thrown at him was merely a <a href="/wiki/Jack-o%27-lantern" title="Jack-o'-lantern">jack-o'-lantern</a> and that Crane survived the fall from Gunpowder and fled Sleepy Hollow in horror. </p><p>In a postscript, a Mr. Knickerbocker recounts hearing the tale at a Corporation meeting in Manhattan, narrated by a humorous, shabby gentleman. The story ends with mixed reactions from the audience, including laughter and skepticism. A serious old gentleman questions the moral of the story, to which the storyteller humorously responds that the tale proves life's situations have their advantages if one can find humor in them. The old gentleman remains puzzled, and the storyteller admits he doesn't believe half of the story himself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Quidor_-_The_Headless_Horseman_Pursuing_Ichabod_Crane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Quidor_-_The_Headless_Horseman_Pursuing_Ichabod_Crane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-John_Quidor_-_The_Headless_Horseman_Pursuing_Ichabod_Crane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Quidor_-_The_Headless_Horseman_Pursuing_Ichabod_Crane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-John_Quidor_-_The_Headless_Horseman_Pursuing_Ichabod_Crane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Quidor_-_The_Headless_Horseman_Pursuing_Ichabod_Crane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-John_Quidor_-_The_Headless_Horseman_Pursuing_Ichabod_Crane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4001" data-file-height="3159" /></a><figcaption><i>The Headless Horseman Pursuing Ichabod Crane</i> (1858) by <a href="/wiki/John_Quidor" title="John Quidor">John Quidor</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The story was the longest one published as part of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sketch_Book_of_Geoffrey_Crayon,_Gent." title="The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.">The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.</a></i> (commonly referred to as <i>The Sketch Book</i>), which Irving issued serially throughout 1819 and 1820, using the pseudonym "Geoffrey Crayon".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irving wrote <i>The Sketch Book</i> during a tour of Europe, and parts of the tale may also be traced to European origins. Headless horsemen were staples of <a href="/wiki/European_folklore#Regional_traditions" title="European folklore">northern Europe storytelling</a>, featured in German, Irish (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dullahan" title="Dullahan">Dullahan</a>), Scandinavian (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">the Wild Hunt</a>), and British legends, and included in <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a>'s Scots poem "<a href="/wiki/Tam_o%27_Shanter_(poem)" title="Tam o' Shanter (poem)">Tam o' Shanter</a>" (1790) and <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_August_B%C3%BCrger" title="Gottfried August Bürger">Gottfried August Bürger</a>'s <i>Der Wilde Jäger</i> (1778), translated as <i>The Wild Huntsman</i> (1796). Usually viewed as omens of ill fortune for those who chose to disregard their apparitions, these specters found their victims in proud, scheming persons and characters with hubris and arrogance.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One particularly influential rendition of this folktale is the last of the "<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Legenden von Rübezahl</span></span>" (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Legends of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCbezahl" title="Rübezahl">Rübezahl</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) from <a href="/wiki/Johann_Karl_August_Mus%C3%A4us" title="Johann Karl August Musäus">Johann Karl August Musäus</a>'s literary retellings of German folktales, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksm%C3%A4rchen_der_Deutschen" title="Volksmärchen der Deutschen">Volksmärchen der Deutschen</a></i></span> (1783).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Plains" title="Battle of White Plains">Battle of White Plains</a> in October 1776, the country south of the <a href="/wiki/Bronx_River" title="Bronx River">Bronx River</a> was abandoned by the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> and occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Red_coat_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red coat (British Army and Royal Marines)">British</a>. The Americans were fortified north of <a href="/wiki/Peekskill" class="mw-redirect" title="Peekskill">Peekskill</a>, leaving <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Westchester County">Westchester County</a> a 30-mile stretch of scorched and desolated no-man's-land, vulnerable to outlaws, raiders, and vigilantes. Besides droves of Loyalist rangers and British light infantry, Hessian <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4ger_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jäger (military)">Jägers</a>—renowned sharpshooters and horsemen—were among the raiders who often skirmished with Patriot militias.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Headless Horseman may have indeed been based loosely on the discovery of such a corpse found in <a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_New_York" title="Sleepy Hollow, New York">Sleepy Hollow</a> after a violent skirmish and later buried by the Van Tassel family in an unmarked grave in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Dutch_Church_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow">Old Dutch Burying Ground</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to another hypothesis, Irving could have drawn the figure of the "headless rider" from German Silesian literature, precisely from the Chronicle of <a href="/wiki/Szprotawa" title="Szprotawa">Sprottau</a> (since 1945 Polish Szprotawa) by J.G. Kreis, written in the first half of the 19th century. In the 19th century, the police counselor Kreis noted that, in the previous century, the inhabitants of this city were afraid to move after dusk on <i>Hospitalstrasse</i> (now Sądowa Street) due to the headless rider apparition seen there.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In support of the hypothesis, according to information in <i>Polish Reception of Washington Irving's Work: Between Enlightenment and Romanticism</i> by Zofia Sinko, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a> encouraged Irving to learn German to be able to read stories, ballads, and legends in their native language.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Irving, while he was an <i><a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a></i> to New York Governor <a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a>, met an army captain named <a href="/wiki/Ichabod_Crane_(colonel)" title="Ichabod Crane (colonel)">Ichabod Crane</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sackets_Harbor,_New_York" title="Sackets Harbor, New York">Sackets Harbor, New York</a>, during an inspection tour of fortifications in 1814. Irving may have patterned the character after <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Merwin" title="Jesse Merwin">Jesse Merwin</a>, who taught at the local schoolhouse in <a href="/wiki/Kinderhook_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinderhook (town), New York">Kinderhook</a>, further north along the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, where Irving spent several months in 1809.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, it is claimed by many in <a href="/wiki/Tarrytown" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarrytown">Tarrytown</a> that <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Youngs" title="Samuel Youngs">Samuel Youngs</a> is the individual from whom Irving drew his character.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author <a href="/wiki/Gary_Denniss" title="Gary Denniss">Gary Denniss</a> asserts that while Crane is loosely based on Merwin, it may include elements from Youngs's life.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ichabod_crane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ichabod_crane.jpg/220px-Ichabod_crane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ichabod_crane.jpg/330px-Ichabod_crane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ichabod_crane.jpg/440px-Ichabod_crane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption><i>Ichabod Crane</i>, Respectfully Dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a>. William J. Wilgus (1819–53), artist chromolithograph, c. 1856</figcaption></figure><p>With "<a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle">Rip Van Winkle</a>", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches. Both stories are often paired together in books and other representations, and both are included in surveys of early <a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">American literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irving's depictions of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural region">regional culture</a> and themes of progress versus tradition, <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> intervention in the commonplace, and the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_hero" title="Romantic hero">plight of the individual outsider in a homogeneous community</a> permeate both stories and helped develop a unique sense of American cultural and existential selfhood during the early 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willrogerscrane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Willrogerscrane.jpg/220px-Willrogerscrane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Willrogerscrane.jpg/330px-Willrogerscrane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Willrogerscrane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers" title="Will Rogers">Will Rogers</a> as Ichabod Crane in <i>The Headless Horseman</i> (1922)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Headless_Horseman_(1922_film)" title="The Headless Horseman (1922 film)">The Headless Horseman</a></i> (1922), a silent film directed by Edward Venturini and starring <a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers" title="Will Rogers">Will Rogers</a> as Ichabod Crane</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Headless_Horseman_(1934_film)" title="The Headless Horseman (1934 film)">The Headless Horseman</a></i> (1934), an animated short film directed by <a href="/wiki/Ub_Iwerks" title="Ub Iwerks">Ub Iwerks</a>. The short depicts the horseman as merely a story, with Brom Bones pranking and frightening Ichabod Crane away from Katrina Van Tassel. The film somewhat departs from the original ending by showing Ichabod getting his revenge, dressing up as the Headless Horseman, and crashing Brom and Katrina's wedding.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Ichabod_and_Mr._Toad" title="The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad">The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad</a></i> (1949), an animated adaptation directed by <a href="/wiki/James_Algar" title="James Algar">James Algar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Geronimi" title="Clyde Geronimi">Clyde Geronimi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kinney" title="Jack Kinney">Jack Kinney</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney Productions</a>, and narrated by <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>. This version is more lighthearted and family-friendly than Irving's original story and most other adaptations.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_(film)" title="Sleepy Hollow (film)">Sleepy Hollow</a></i> (1999), a feature film adaption directed by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> that takes many liberties with the plot and characters</li> <li><i>The Haunted Pumpkin of Sleepy Hollow</i> (2004), a direct-to-video film about a pair of friends who find the pumpkin head of the Headless Horseman</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Horseman: A Tale of Sleepy Hollow</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://a.co/d/7EJ5RT1">[1]</a> by Christina Henry, a fictional horror novel published in 2021. It takes place in Sleepy Hollow several decades after the events of the original story. It is told from the point of view of Ben Van Brunt, the only grandchild of Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt and Katrina Van Tassel.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"The Headless Horseman of Halloween" (1976), the first season's fifth episode of Hanna-Barbera's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scooby-Doo_Show" title="The Scooby-Doo Show">The Scooby-Doo Show</a></i> starring Scooby, the gang, and Scooby's cousin, Scooby-Dum. While celebrating at a Halloween party hosted by one of Ichabod Crane's great granddaughters, the gang finds themselves facing a whole new mystery with a sighting of none other than the Headless Horseman.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow_(1980_film)" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1980 film)">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a></i> (1980), a television film directed by Henning Schellerup and filmed in Utah, starring <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Goldblum" title="Jeff Goldblum">Jeff Goldblum</a> as Ichabod Crane, <a href="/wiki/Meg_Foster" title="Meg Foster">Meg Foster</a> as Katrina Van Tassel, and <a href="/wiki/Dick_Butkus" title="Dick Butkus">Dick Butkus</a> as Brom Bones. Executive producer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sellier" title="Charles Sellier">Charles Sellier</a> was nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> for his work on the movie.<sup id="cite_ref-variety_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</i> (1985), the premiere episode of Shelley Duvall's <i><a href="/wiki/Tall_Tales_%26_Legends" title="Tall Tales & Legends">Tall Tales & Legends</a></i>, stars <a href="/wiki/Ed_Begley_Jr." title="Ed Begley Jr.">Ed Begley Jr.</a> as Ichabod Crane, <a href="/wiki/Beverly_D%27Angelo" title="Beverly D'Angelo">Beverly D'Angelo</a> as Katrina, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Thomerson" title="Tim Thomerson">Tim Thomerson</a> as Brom, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Durning" title="Charles Durning">Charles Durning</a> as Doffue Van Tassel, who is also the narrator.</li> <li><i>The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</i> (1999), an <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel" title="Hallmark Channel">Odyssey Network</a> TV movie starring Brent Carver.</li> <li><i>The Hollow</i> (2004), an <a href="/wiki/Freeform_(TV_channel)" title="Freeform (TV channel)">ABC Family</a> television film starring <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Zegers" title="Kevin Zegers">Kevin Zegers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaley_Cuoco" title="Kaley Cuoco">Kaley Cuoco</a> and focusing on a teenage descendant of Ichabod Crane</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_(TV_series)" title="Sleepy Hollow (TV series)"><i>Sleepy Hollow</i></a> (2013), a <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">crime/horror series</a> in which Ichabod Crane awakens in the 21st century and teams up with Lt. Abbie Mills of the Sleepy Hollow Sheriff's Department to stop the Horseman. The show ran for four seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Headless: A Sleepy Hollow Story</i> (2022), a web series in which Ichabod Crane and the Headless Horseman are roommates and have to work together to solve the mystery of the Horseman's head.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>In Sleepy Hollow</i> (1913), a piano suite by <a href="/wiki/Eastwood_Lane" title="Eastwood Lane">Eastwood Lane</a></li> <li>"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1958) by doo-wop band the <a href="/wiki/The_Monotones" title="The Monotones">Monotones</a></li> <li>"Sleepy Hollow" (1965) by singer <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, later remastered in 2016 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.discogs.com/release/2143838-Roy-Orbison-Say-Youre-My-Girl-Sleepy-Hollow">[2]</a></li> <li>"Legend of the Headless Rider" (1993) by Danish heavy metal band <a href="/wiki/Mercyful_Fate" title="Mercyful Fate">Mercyful Fate</a></li> <li><i>The Headless Horseman</i> (2001) by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jeffrey_Shapiro" title="Michael Jeffrey Shapiro">Michael Jeffrey Shapiro</a>, for baritone, itinerant string band, and orchestra</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Melancholy_Beast" title="Melancholy Beast">Sleepy Hollow</a>" (2004) by Danish power metal band <a href="/wiki/Pyramaze" title="Pyramaze">Pyramaze</a></li> <li><i> "Legend of Sleepy Hollow</i> (2009), orchestra arrangement by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Meyer_(composer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Meyer (composer) (page does not exist)">Richard Meyer</a></li> <li>"Sleepy Hollow" (2013) by metal band <a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg_(metal_band)" title="Blitzkrieg (metal band)">Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Undead_Ahead_2:_The_Tale_of_the_Midnight_Ride" class="mw-redirect" title="Undead Ahead 2: The Tale of the Midnight Ride">Undead Ahead 2: The Tale of the Midnight Ride</a>" (2019) by Motionless in White</li> <li>"Sleepy Hollow" (2020), a single by hip-hop artist <a href="/wiki/Trippie_Redd" title="Trippie Redd">Trippie Redd</a></li> <li>"Sleepy Hollow (Love Is Scary)" (2020), a single by <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Lawrence" title="Kristen Lawrence">Kristen Lawrence</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Sleepy Hollow</i> (1948), a Broadway musical with music by George Lessner and book and lyrics by Russell Maloney and <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Battista" title="Miriam Battista">Miriam Battista</a>. It lasted 12 performances.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Sleepy Hollow</i> (2009), a musical with book and lyrics by Jim Christian and music by Tom Edward Clark. It premiered at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah, on October 30, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It received the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_American_College_Theater_Festival" title="Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival">Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival</a> Musical Theatre Award.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Hollow</i> (2011), a musical by Matt Conner and Hunter Foster.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It premiered at the Signature Theatre Company in Arlington, Virginia.</li> <li><i>Sleepy Hollow - A Legendary Musical</i> (2017), a musical by Michelle Ackerman<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Tarrytown</i> (2018), a musical by Adam Wachter. Its world premiere production at Backyard Renaissance Theatre Company won the 2018 San Diego Theatre Critics' Circle <a href="/wiki/Craig_Noel" title="Craig Noel">Craig Noel</a> Award for Best New Musical.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A studio cast recording starring <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Jordan_(actor,_born_1984)" title="Jeremy Jordan (actor, born 1984)">Jeremy Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krysta_Rodriguez" title="Krysta Rodriguez">Krysta Rodriguez</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Mientus" title="Andy Mientus">Andy Mientus</a> was released in 2020 to benefit the <a href="/wiki/Actors_Fund_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Actors Fund of America">Actors Fund's</a> COVID-19 relief efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ichabod: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</i> (2022), a new production combining Conner's 2011 score with a new book by Stephen Gregory Smith that stays truer to Irving's story.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio">Audio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Audio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a> was the host and narrator for a radio adaptation on NBC's <i>Favorite Story</i> on July 2, 1946 (requested by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Huston" title="Walter Huston">Walter Huston</a> as that actor's favorite story).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An adaptation was broadcast on September 19, 1947, on <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_University_Theatre" title="NBC University Theatre">NBC University of the Air: American Novels</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> re-created his Disney narration in <i>Walt Disney's Ichabod and the Legend of Sleepy Hollow</i> for Decca Records (DAU-725) in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2005, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_7" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Radio 7">BBC Radio 7</a> broadcast a three-part reading of the story narrated by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Jarvis_(actor)" title="Martin Jarvis (actor)">Martin Jarvis</a>, broadcast several times since on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Historic_Hudson_Valley" title="Historic Hudson Valley">Historic Hudson Valley</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> released an unabridged dramatic reading by Jonathan Kruk,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with musical effects by Matt Noble.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mison" title="Tom Mison">Tom Mison</a>, who starred as Ichabod Crane on the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> television series <i><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_(TV_series)" title="Sleepy Hollow (TV series)">Sleepy Hollow</a></i>, narrated the story in 2014 for <a href="/wiki/Audible_(store)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audible (store)">Audible Studios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2019, the radio program <i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Odyssey" title="Adventures in Odyssey">Adventures in Odyssey</a></i> produced an adaptation of the story titled "Icky and Kat and Balty and Bones".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2020, the story was adapted into a full-cast audio production by <i>Shadows at the Door: the Podcast</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comics">Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The 2022 graphic novel <a href="/wiki/Hollow_(graphic_novel)" title="Hollow (graphic novel)"><i>Hollow</i></a> is based on the story.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theme_Parks">Theme Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Theme Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Legend roller coaster at Holiday World in Santa Claus, Indiana, is based on the frightful ride of Ichabod Crane running from the Headless Horseman.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_impact">Geographic impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geographic impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_New_York" title="Sleepy Hollow, New York">Sleepy Hollow, New York</a>, as the setting for the story, contains many of the referenced locations, including ones that can still be visited today. <a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_Illinois" title="Sleepy Hollow, Illinois">Sleepy Hollow, Illinois</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_Marin_County,_California" title="Sleepy Hollow, Marin County, California">Sleepy Hollow, Marin County, California</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_Wyoming" title="Sleepy Hollow, Wyoming">Sleepy Hollow, Wyoming</a>, have street names that reference the story. The latter hosts an annual event called Sleepy Hollow Days.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a <a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_State_Park" title="Sleepy Hollow State Park">Sleepy Hollow State Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laingsburg,_Michigan" title="Laingsburg, Michigan">Laingsburg, Michigan</a>. The original schoolhouse in <a href="/wiki/Kinderhook,_New_York" title="Kinderhook, New York">Kinderhook, New York</a>, is now owned by the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_County_Historical_Society" title="Columbia County Historical Society">Columbia County Historical Society</a> and called the <a href="/wiki/Ichabod_Crane_Schoolhouse" title="Ichabod Crane Schoolhouse">Ichabod Crane Schoolhouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area's modern-day school district, <a href="/wiki/Ichabod_Crane_Central_School_District" title="Ichabod Crane Central School District">Ichabod Crane Central School District</a>, is also named for the character. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/48px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/64px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost films">Ghost films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">Ghost stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_Cemetery" title="Sleepy Hollow Cemetery">Sleepy Hollow Cemetery</a>, founded in 1849, is adjacent to the Old Dutch Burying Ground. They are separately owned and administered.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBurstein2005" class="citation news cs1">Burstein, Andrew (October 30, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/30/opinion/nyregionopinions/the-politics-of-sleepy-hollow.html">"The Politics of Sleepy Hollow"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Sleepy+Hollow&rft.date=2005-10-30&rft.aulast=Burstein&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F10%2F30%2Fopinion%2Fnyregionopinions%2Fthe-politics-of-sleepy-hollow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurstein,_Andrew2007" class="citation book cs1">Burstein, Andrew (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originalknickerb00burs/page/143"><i>The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving</i></a></span>. New York: Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originalknickerb00burs/page/143">143</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00853-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00853-7"><bdi>978-0-465-00853-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Original+Knickerbocker%3A+The+Life+of+Washington+Irving&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-465-00853-7&rft.au=Burstein%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foriginalknickerb00burs%2Fpage%2F143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaughton,_Brian2012" class="citation book cs1">Haughton, Brian (2012). <i>Famous Ghost Stories: Legends and Lore</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+Ghost+Stories%3A+Legends+and+Lore&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Haughton%2C+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hoffman" title="Daniel Hoffman">Hoffman, Daniel</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p0qlvRNwSp4C&pg=PA85"><i>Form and Fable in American Fiction</i></a>. University of Virginia Press. p. 85 (footnote). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813915258" title="Special:BookSources/9780813915258"><bdi>9780813915258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Form+and+Fable+in+American+Fiction&rft.pages=85+%28footnote%29&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=9780813915258&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp0qlvRNwSp4C%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard,_Harry_M.1999" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Harry M. (1999). <i>The War of Independence and the Transformation of American Society</i>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/185728657X" title="Special:BookSources/185728657X"><bdi>185728657X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+Independence+and+the+Transformation+of+American+Society&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=185728657X&rft.au=Ward%2C+Harry+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruk,_Jonathan2011" class="citation book cs1">Kruk, Jonathan (2011). <i>Legends, and Lore of Sleepy Hollow & the Hudson Valley</i>. History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1596297982" title="Special:BookSources/978-1596297982"><bdi>978-1596297982</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legends%2C+and+Lore+of+Sleepy+Hollow+%26+the+Hudson+Valley&rft.pub=History+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1596297982&rft.au=Kruk%2C+Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoryna,_Maciej" class="citation web cs1">Boryna, Maciej. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borynam.wixsite.com/zwiedzamyszprotawe/nawiedzona-ulica-w-szprotawie">"Nawiedzona ulica w Szprotawie"</a>. Zwiedzamy Szprotawę<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nawiedzona+ulica+w+Szprotawie&rft.pub=Zwiedzamy+Szprotaw%C4%99&rft.au=Boryna%2C+Maciej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborynam.wixsite.com%2Fzwiedzamyszprotawe%2Fnawiedzona-ulica-w-szprotawie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sinko, Zofia (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media//files/Pamietnik_Literacki_czasopismo_kwartalne_poswiecone_historii_i_krytyce_literatury_polskiej/Pamietnik_Literacki_czasopismo_kwartalne_poswiecone_historii_i_krytyce_literatury_polskiej-r1988-t79-n4/Pamietnik_Literacki_czasopismo_kwartalne_poswiecone_historii_i_krytyce_literatury_polskiej-r1988-t79-n4-s141-173/Pamietnik_Literacki_czasopismo_kwartalne_poswiecone_historii_i_krytyce_literatury_polskiej-r1988-t79-n4-s141-173.pdf"><i>Polska recepcja twórczości Washingtona Irvinga: między Oświeceniem a romantyzmem</i></a>. Pamiętnik literacki 79/4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A letter from Merwin Irving was endorsed in Irving's handwriting <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l7-UqRn_BkgC&q=merwin+inauthor:washington+inauthor:irving&pg=PA184">"From Jesse Merwin, the original of Ichabod Crane"</a>. <i>Life and Letters of Washington Irving</i>. Vol. 3. New York: G.P. Putnam and Son. 1869. pp. <span class="nowrap">185–</span>186.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+and+Letters+of+Washington+Irving&rft.atitle=From+Jesse+Merwin%2C+the+original+of+Ichabod+Crane&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E185-%3C%2Fspan%3E186&rft.date=1869&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl7-UqRn_BkgC%26q%3Dmerwin%2Binauthor%3Awashington%2Binauthor%3Airving%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9804E4D91131E033A25757C1A9669D94659ED7CF">"In Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Monument in Memory of Soldiers of the Revolution"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York. October 14, 1894. p. 17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Sleepy+Hollow+Cemetery%2C+Monument+in+Memory+of+Soldiers+of+the+Revolution&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1894-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9804E4D91131E033A25757C1A9669D94659ED7CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenis2015" class="citation book cs1">Denis, Gary (2015). <i>Sleepy Hollow: Birth of the Legend</i>. Charleston, SC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5116-4546-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5116-4546-1"><bdi>978-1-5116-4546-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sleepy+Hollow%3A+Birth+of+the+Legend&rft.place=Charleston%2C+SC&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-5116-4546-1&rft.aulast=Denis&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuertas,_Manuel_Herrero2012" class="citation journal cs1">Puertas, Manuel Herrero (2012). "Pioneers for the Mind: Embodiment, Disability, and the De-hallucination of American Empire". <i>Atlantis</i>. <b>34</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlantis&rft.atitle=Pioneers+for+the+Mind%3A+Embodiment%2C+Disability%2C+and+the+De-hallucination+of+American+Empire&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Puertas%2C+Manuel+Herrero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_Terence1953" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, Terence (1953). "Rip, Ichabod, and the American Imagination". <i>American Literature</i>. <b>31</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Literature&rft.atitle=Rip%2C+Ichabod%2C+and+the+American+Imagination&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1953&rft.au=Martin%2C+Terence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-variety-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-variety_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2011/scene/news/charles-sellier-creator-of-grizzly-adams-dies-at-67-1118031462/">"Charles Sellier, creator of 'Grizzly Adams,' dies at 67"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. 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March 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sleepy+Hollow&rft.date=2018-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenerdsofcolor.org%2Ftag%2Fsleepy-hollow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://victory.radio/podcasts/channel/?id=33">"The Official Adventures in Odyssey Podcast"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Official+Adventures+in+Odyssey+Podcast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvictory.radio%2Fpodcasts%2Fchannel%2F%3Fid%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shadowsatthedoor.com/about/">"About | Shadows At The Door"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+%7C+Shadows+At+The+Door&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshadowsatthedoor.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillette_News_Record_staff2005" class="citation news cs1">Gillette News Record staff (August 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gillettenewsrecord.com/news/article_d903c6a1-66a1-562e-b1c0-6d37f5131765.html">"Gillette residents identify with their subdivisions"</a>. <i>Gillette News Record</i>. Gillette, Wyoming<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gillette+News+Record&rft.atitle=Gillette+residents+identify+with+their+subdivisions&rft.date=2005-08-28&rft.au=Gillette+News+Record+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gillettenewsrecord.com%2Fnews%2Farticle_d903c6a1-66a1-562e-b1c0-6d37f5131765.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cchsny.org/ichabodcraneschoolhouse.html">"Ichabod Crane Schoolhouse"</a>. Columbia County Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ichabod+Crane+Schoolhouse&rft.pub=Columbia+County+Historical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cchsny.org%2Fichabodcraneschoolhouse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Thomas S. Wermuth (2001). <i>Rip Van Winkle's Neighbors: The Transformation of Rural Society in the Hudson River Valley</i>. State University of New York Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-5084-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-5084-8">0-7914-5084-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/310/2/2.html">"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"</a> from <i>The Harvard Classics</i> (1917), hosted online at <a href="/wiki/Bartleby.com" title="Bartleby.com">Bartleby.com</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amlit.com/twentyss/chap4.html">"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616060914/http://www.amlit.com/">Archived</a> June 16, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at American Literature.</li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=The+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow&author=Irving&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130111004140/http://henrysteiner.com/DIRcomm/sleepyhollow/article.htm">"Sleepy Hollow"</a>, a non-fiction description of the story's locale written by Washington Irving in 1839.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sleepyhollowcemetery.org">Sleepy Hollow Cemetery</a>. Founded in 1849, it is adjacent to but separate from the Old Dutch Burying Ground.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0041094/"><i>The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863963#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" 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/></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0162661/"><i>Sleepy Hollow</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208592#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story<br />collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sketch_Book_of_Geoffrey_Crayon,_Gent." title="The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.">The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.</a></i> (1819–20) <ul><li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle">Rip Van Winkle</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bracebridge_Hall" title="Bracebridge Hall">Bracebridge Hall</a></i> (1822)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_a_Traveller" title="Tales of a Traveller">Tales of a Traveller</a></i> (1824) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_German_Student" title="The Adventure of the German Student">The Adventure of the German Student</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kidd_the_Pirate" title="Kidd the Pirate">Kidd the Pirate</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Devil_and_Tom_Walker" title="The Devil and Tom Walker">The Devil and Tom Walker</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_Alhambra" title="Tales of the Alhambra">Tales of the Alhambra</a></i> (1832)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biography and<br />history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_the_Life_and_Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus" title="A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus">The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus</a></i> (1828)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Chronicle_of_the_Conquest_of_Granada" title="A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada">A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astoria_(book)" title="Astoria (book)">Astoria</a></i> (1836)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahomet_and_His_Successors" title="Mahomet and His Successors">Mahomet and His Successors</a></i> (1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_of_Jonathan_Oldstyle,_Gent." title="Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent.">Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent.</a></i> (1802)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salmagundi_(periodical)" title="Salmagundi (periodical)">Salmagundi</a></i> (1807–08)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_New_York" title="A History of New York">A History of New York</a></i> (1809)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Irving_(American_politician)" title="William Irving (American politician)">William Irving</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Irving" title="Peter Irving">Peter Irving</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diedrich_Knickerbocker" title="Diedrich Knickerbocker">Diedrich Knickerbocker</a> (character, pen name)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichabod_Crane" title="Ichabod Crane">Ichabod Crane</a> (character)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headless_Horseman" title="Headless Horseman">Headless Horseman</a> (character)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Van_Corlaer" title="Anthony Van Corlaer">Anthony Van Corlaer</a> (character)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle">Rip Van Winkle</a> (character)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyside_(Tarrytown,_New_York)" title="Sunnyside (Tarrytown, New York)">Sunnyside</a> (home and museum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_Group" title="Knickerbocker Group">Knickerbocker Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving_Memorial" title="Washington Irving Memorial">Washington Irving Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving_Memorial_Park_and_Arboretum" title="Washington Irving Memorial Park and Arboretum">Washington Irving Memorial Park and Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Literary_Society_(Cornell_University)" title="Irving Literary Society (Cornell University)">Irving Literary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_Washington_Irving" title="PS Washington Irving">PS <i>Washington Irving</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving_in_the_Archives_of_Seville" title="Washington Irving in the Archives of Seville">Washington Irving in the Archives of Seville</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Spain" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Spain">U.S. ambassador to Spain, 1842–1846</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Washington_Irving&#039;s_&quot;The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&quot;_(1820)113" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sleepy_Hollow" title="Template:Sleepy Hollow"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sleepy_Hollow" title="Template talk:Sleepy Hollow"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sleepy_Hollow" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sleepy Hollow"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Washington_Irving&#039;s_&quot;The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow&quot;_(1820)113" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a>'s "<a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a>" (1820)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ichabod_Crane" title="Ichabod Crane">Ichabod Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headless_Horseman" title="Headless Horseman">The Headless Horseman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Headless_Horseman_(1922_film)" title="The Headless Horseman (1922 film)">The Headless Horseman</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Headless_Horseman_(1934_film)" title="The Headless Horseman (1934 film)">The Headless Horseman</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Ichabod_and_Mr._Toad" title="The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad">The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_(film)" title="Sleepy Hollow (film)">Sleepy Hollow</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Smurfs:_The_Legend_of_Smurfy_Hollow" title="The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow">The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow_(1980_film)" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1980 film)">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i>The Night of the Headless Horseman</i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_(2004_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hollow (2004 film)">The Hollow</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Headless_Horseman_(film)" title="Headless Horseman (film)">Headless Horseman</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_(TV_series)" title="Sleepy Hollow (TV series)">Sleepy Hollow</a></i> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(comics)" title="Chopper (comics)">Chopper</a></i> (graphic novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Headless_Horseman_Pursuing_Ichabod_Crane" title="The Headless Horseman Pursuing Ichabod Crane">The Headless Horseman Pursuing Ichabod Crane</a></i> (painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichabod_%E2%80%93_The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="Ichabod – The Legend of Sleepy Hollow">Ichabod – The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a></i> (studio album)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_(film)#Musical_score" title="Sleepy Hollow (film)">Sleepy Hollow: Music from the Motion Picture</a></i> (soundtrack album)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Dutch_Church_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow">Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_New_York" title="Sleepy Hollow, New York">Sleepy Hollow, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_Cemetery" title="Sleepy Hollow Cemetery">Sleepy Hollow Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrytown,_New_York" title="Tarrytown, New York">Tarrytown, New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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