CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Culture of Saskatchewan - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"757e5ac0-23af-4958-b4b2-9e7fe4613786","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Culture_of_Saskatchewan","wgTitle":"Culture of Saskatchewan","wgCurRevisionId":1244241720,"wgRevisionId":1244241720,"wgArticleId":11096923,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Webarchive template wayback links","Culture of Saskatchewan"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Culture_of_Saskatchewan","wgRelevantArticleId":11096923,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5193634","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.15"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg/1200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1303"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg/800px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="869"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg/640px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="695"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Culture of Saskatchewan - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Culture_of_Saskatchewan rootpage-Culture_of_Saskatchewan skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Culture+of+Saskatchewan" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Culture+of+Saskatchewan" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Culture+of+Saskatchewan" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Culture+of+Saskatchewan" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_cultural_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_cultural_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Museums and cultural institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_cultural_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_Saskatchewan_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_Saskatchewan_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Development of Saskatchewan culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development_of_Saskatchewan_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Development of Saskatchewan culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Development_of_Saskatchewan_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aboriginal_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aboriginal_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Aboriginal influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aboriginal_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilingualism,_multiculturalism,_foreign_influences,_American_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilingualism,_multiculturalism,_foreign_influences,_American_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bilingualism, multiculturalism, foreign influences, American influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilingualism,_multiculturalism,_foreign_influences,_American_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography,_climate,_and_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography,_climate,_and_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Geography, climate, and immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography,_climate,_and_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rural_living_patterns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rural_living_patterns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Rural living patterns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rural_living_patterns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_living_patterns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_living_patterns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Urban living patterns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_living_patterns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film,_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film,_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Film, and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film,_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Festivals and events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Provincial symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Political economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prizes_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prizes_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Prizes and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prizes_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Culture of Saskatchewan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Культура Саскачевана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Культура Саскачевана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5193634#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Culture_of_Saskatchewan" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&oldid=1244241720" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&id=1244241720&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCulture_of_Saskatchewan"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCulture_of_Saskatchewan"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Saskatchewan" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5193634" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Patterns of human activity in a province of Canada</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan" title="Coat of arms of Saskatchewan">Coat of arms of Saskatchewan</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Culture of Saskatchewan</b> views the patterns of human activity in the central <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">prairie province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> examining the way people live in the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saskatchewan" title="Geography of Saskatchewan">geography</a>, climate, and social context of <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>. </p> <p><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur traders</a> adopted a <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">transhumance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunting and gathering</a> lifestyle to fulfill their economic and sustenance needs. Early homesteaders and settlers in the 19th and early 20th centuries likewise spent the majority of their time proving up their homesteads, tilling the land and providing <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_economy" title="Subsistence economy">subsistence</a> agricultural products for their families. The early 20th century developed successful agricultural practices, and society rejoiced in <a href="/wiki/The_Roaring_Twenties" title="The Roaring Twenties">the Roaring Twenties</a>. The depression and drought years of the <a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl">dirty thirties</a> took agricultural sustenance away.<sup id="cite_ref-Agriculture_in_Canada_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agriculture_in_Canada-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Electricity was made available throughout the various Saskatchewan regions. The economy saw a growth not only in the agricultural sector, but labour was also freed up to pursue choices other than agriculture. 1940s onward, a major breakthrough was seen in the arts and culture scene in Saskatchewan.<sup id="cite_ref-Howe_1956_115_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howe_1956_115-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arts and cultural activities before this date were of the main on a family, individual and unpaid level. Local schools would host plays, family or tribal members would engage in handcrafts of various sorts which may become heirlooms, communities would come together for engagement in various sports activities for recreation. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_National_Development_in_the_Arts,_Letters_and_Sciences" title="Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences">The Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences</a> prepared the <i>Massey Report</i> in the early 1950s. This commission noted the strengths and weakness of the cultural community and led to the establishment of the <i>Canada Council</i> which promoted burgeoning talent. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"the commissioners set about to search for 'what can make our country great, and what can make it one" - Massey Commission<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Saskatchewan government also showed support on a cultural level, with the creation of the Arts Board, and promotion of the Golden Jubilee celebrations hosted in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-Howe_1956_115_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howe_1956_115-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museums_and_cultural_institutions">Museums and cultural institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Museums and cultural institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum.jpg/250px-Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum.jpg/375px-Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum.jpg/500px-Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2580" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum" title="Royal Saskatchewan Museum">Royal Saskatchewan Museum</a> <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are numerous heritage and cultural attractions in the province of Saskatchewan. Museums, dinosaur digs, aboriginal cultural and heritage sites, art galleries, professional sport venues, spas, handcraft, antique and tea shops, agricultural tours, live theatres and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archaeological sites</a> comprise over 600 varied Saskatchewan <a href="/wiki/Template:Saskatchewan_parks" title="Template:Saskatchewan parks">institutions</a>. Saskatchewan is home to two prominent spas, in <a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw" title="Moose Jaw">Moose Jaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Watrous,_Saskatchewan" title="Watrous, Saskatchewan">Watrous</a>, ten <a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Saskatchewan parks">provincial historical parks</a> and seven main <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Saskatchewan">National Historic Sites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Western_Development_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Western Development Museum">Saskatchewan Western Development Museums</a>, there are over 200 local pioneer heritage museums. Travelling exhibits help to supplement the permanent groupings of each institution. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum" title="Royal Saskatchewan Museum">Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History</a> officially opened in Regina in the spring of 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>See also</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Museums in Saskatchewan">Museums in Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of museums in Saskatchewan">List of museums in Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_of_Saskatchewan_culture">Development of Saskatchewan culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development of Saskatchewan culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Saskatchewan lifestyle and culture was inter-related with and depended on the ethnic bloc settlement, geo-physical area and rural or urban community. Saskatchewan culture has historically been heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian people">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian people">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples in Canada">Aboriginal</a> cultures and traditions, and over time has been greatly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">American culture</a> due to its proximity and the interchange of <a href="/wiki/Human_capital" title="Human capital">human capital</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aboriginal_influences">Aboriginal influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aboriginal influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Aboriginal peoples in Saskatchewan">Category:Aboriginal peoples in Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Saskatchewan" title="Category:First Nations in Saskatchewan">Category:First Nations in Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Dene_culture" title="Category:Dene culture">Category:Dene culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Archaeological_Society" title="Saskatchewan Archaeological Society">Saskatchewan Archaeological Society</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jingle_dress" title="Jingle dress">Jingle dress</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a> and prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Primitive_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Primitive culture">primitive culture</a> is depicted in archaeological findings. The <a href="/wiki/Nomadic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomadic">nomadic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> lifestyle<sup id="cite_ref-Agriculture_in_Canada_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agriculture_in_Canada-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the First Nations developed leather working as a necessity for clothing. Trading fur for beads led to development of a new handcraft of beadwork and weaving. The First Nations of Saskatchewan are still renowned for their <a href="/wiki/Pow-wow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pow-wow">pow-wow</a> dance, drumming and music.<sup id="cite_ref-Pow-wow_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pow-wow-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bilingualism,_multiculturalism,_foreign_influences,_American_influences"><span id="Bilingualism.2C_multiculturalism.2C_foreign_influences.2C_American_influences"></span>Bilingualism, multiculturalism, foreign influences, American influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bilingualism, multiculturalism, foreign influences, American influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Saskatchewan#Immigration_and_settlement_era" title="History of Saskatchewan">History of Saskatchewan § Immigration and settlement era</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_Canada#Western_Canada" title="History of immigration to Canada">History of immigration to Canada § Western Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fransaskois" title="Fransaskois">Fransaskois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saskatchewan" title="Demographics of Saskatchewan">Demographics of Saskatchewan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Block_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Block Settlement">Block Settlement</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Canada" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Canada">Category:Ethnic groups in Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MajorOrigins1916-SK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MajorOrigins1916-SK.jpg/250px-MajorOrigins1916-SK.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MajorOrigins1916-SK.jpg/375px-MajorOrigins1916-SK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MajorOrigins1916-SK.jpg/500px-MajorOrigins1916-SK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Per cent proportion of the population of each specified origin by nativity of the total population of Saskatchewan, 1916</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MajorOrigins1951-Prairies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MajorOrigins1951-Prairies.jpg/250px-MajorOrigins1951-Prairies.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MajorOrigins1951-Prairies.jpg/375px-MajorOrigins1951-Prairies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/MajorOrigins1951-Prairies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>Percentage distribution of the major origins by regions, 1951 prairie provinces</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Sifton" title="Clifford Sifton">Clifford Sifton</a> established colonial offices in Europe and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to encourage immigration from <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> and the United States, and by <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Canadian">Ukrainians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doukhobors" title="Doukhobors">Doukhobors</a>, and other groups from the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> to populate the <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Canadian West</a>. Between 1891 and 1914 was the largest influx of immigration to the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">North West Territories</a> and the province of Saskatchewan. The French Métis in <a href="/wiki/Duck_Lake,_Saskatchewan" title="Duck Lake, Saskatchewan">Duck Lake</a> and St. Louis of 1870, Qu'Appelle Farming colony and Bell Farm of 1880, Cannington Manor of 1882, East London Artisans Colony of 1884, The New Elsass German block colony of 1885, New Stockholm Swedish colony of 1885, Rosthern Mennonite Colony of 1893, Montmartre/Grenfell Galician settlement of 1896, and the Good Spirit Lake Doukhobor Annex (Devils Lake colony) of 1899 are just a few of the earliest ethnic bloc settlements established in the 19th century in the early <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">North West Territories</a>. Ethnic block settlements of this early time concentrated on developing their agricultural methods, and then establishing churches and schooling. Religion and education was based on what they knew from their home country. <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> showed that there was a need for a common identity and <a href="/wiki/Language_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Language in Canada">language in Canada</a> and the west. Schools established a provincial curriculum and standard language. The cultural identity shifted from the homeland to creating a new society and culture with a single unifying language to aid economics and social growth. <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> again emphasized a need for an identity which was truly and uniquely Canadian, which was also a desired norm in Saskatchewan.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography,_climate,_and_immigration"><span id="Geography.2C_climate.2C_and_immigration"></span>Geography, climate, and immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography, climate, and immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saskatchewan" title="Geography of Saskatchewan">Geography of Saskatchewan</a></div> <p>Northern Saskatchewan is home to the Dene and archaeological findings such as the aboriginal rock paintings of the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_River_(Hudson_Bay)" title="Churchill River (Hudson Bay)">Churchill River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroglyphs">petroglyphs</a> as well as history of early <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading posts</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Mission" title="Stanley Mission">Stanley Mission</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Palliser_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Palliser Expedition">Palliser Expedition</a> described an arid geographic region unfit for human habitation known as the <a href="/wiki/Palliser%27s_Triangle" title="Palliser's Triangle">Palliser's Triangle</a>. The first capital of the North-West Territories moved from Fort Pitt to <a href="/wiki/Battleford,_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Battleford, Saskatchewan">Battleford</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_of_Saskatchewan" title="District of Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan Provisional District</a> (1876–1883).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near the northern tree line, and the main economic industry of <a href="/wiki/Animal_trapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal trapping">fur trapping</a> were the fastest-growing trading posts and early settlements such as <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan" title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan">Prince Albert</a>. The first survey for the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_transcontinental_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian transcontinental railroad">transcontinental railway</a> was between Winnipeg and Edmonton through the settled areas of Battleford and Prince Albert. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Val_marie_southside_badlands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Val_marie_southside_badlands.jpg/250px-Val_marie_southside_badlands.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Val_marie_southside_badlands.jpg/375px-Val_marie_southside_badlands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Val_marie_southside_badlands.jpg/500px-Val_marie_southside_badlands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1687" data-file-height="924" /></a><figcaption>Badlands south Saskatchewan</figcaption></figure> <p>In southern Saskatchewan the land was suitable for early ranching and cattle grazing enterprises. Ranchers replaced grazing buffalo herds with large spreads and community pastures. Sparse population dotted the southern landscape in the 19th century. Among the First Nations, the <a href="/wiki/49th_parallel_north" title="49th parallel north">49th parallel north</a> was nicknamed the Medicine Line because of its seemingly magical ability to prevent U.S. soldiers from crossing it. The Big Muddy Badlands have a reputation for outlaw history, and hide-out caves. The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> (CPR) <a href="/wiki/Soo_Line_Railroad" title="Soo Line Railroad">Soo Line Railroad</a> arrived in Moose Jaw in 1882 from Chicago, giving Moose Jaw the moniker of <i>Little Chicago</i>. Gangsters such as <a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a> used the <a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw#Tunnels_of_Moose_Jaw" title="Moose Jaw">tunnels of Moose Jaw</a> for bootlegging in the prohibition years 1917–1924. Chinese immigrants used the tunnels as hideaways and homes during an era of anti-Chinese sentiments.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rise of the <a href="/wiki/Cypress_Hills_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypress Hills massacre">Cypress Hills massacre</a>, bootlegging activities, outlaws and gangsters outrunning the United States law gave rise to new fort outposts such as Fort Walsh,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/North-West_Mounted_Police" title="North-West Mounted Police">North-West Mounted Police</a> (NWMP) barracks, the history of which is recounted at the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Centennial Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 8, 1874, the NWMP began their <a href="/wiki/March_West" title="March West">March West</a>, which brought law and order to the southern area of the NWT. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Dominion government</a> and CPR examined the report given by <a href="/wiki/John_Macoun" title="John Macoun">John Macoun</a>, botanist to the 1872 <a href="/wiki/Sandford_Fleming" title="Sandford Fleming">Sandford Fleming</a> railway route expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Settlement could be established under the safety of the NWMP and this new promise of agricultural colonization, so constructing a southern transcontinental railway helped maintain the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">Canadian identity</a> near the 49th parallel, which was under encroachment by the American expansionists.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Central Saskatchewan recounts the history of the various <a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_North-West_Rebellion" title="Category:Battles of the North-West Rebellion">battles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Rebellion" title="North-West Rebellion">North-West Rebellion</a> at <a href="/wiki/Batoche,_Saskatchewan" title="Batoche, Saskatchewan">Batoche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Carlton" title="Fort Carlton">Fort Carlton</a>. Regina attained national prominence in 1885 during the North-West Rebellion despite the fact that the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> had still only reached the formerly designated territorial headquarters of Troy (<a href="/wiki/Qu%27Appelle,_Saskatchewan" title="Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan">Qu'Appelle</a>) 48 km (30 mi) to the east. As the railways arrived, immigrants arrived in greater quantities than via <a href="/wiki/Red_River_ox_cart" class="mw-redirect" title="Red River ox cart">Red River Cart</a> via trail and ferry as well. Ethnic bloc settlements, and communities situated on the rail line grew quickly. Immigrants settled near others who they could communicate with, so those of like languages settled together for neighborly homestead improvements, harvesting co-operation and, economic necessity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rural_living_patterns">Rural living patterns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rural living patterns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fjeld1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Fjeld1a.jpg/250px-Fjeld1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Fjeld1a.jpg/375px-Fjeld1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Fjeld1a.jpg/500px-Fjeld1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Harvest <a href="/wiki/Maple_Creek,_Saskatchewan" title="Maple Creek, Saskatchewan">Maple Creek</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doukhobor_women_winnowing_grain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Doukhobor_women_winnowing_grain.jpg/250px-Doukhobor_women_winnowing_grain.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Doukhobor_women_winnowing_grain.jpg/375px-Doukhobor_women_winnowing_grain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Doukhobor_women_winnowing_grain.jpg/500px-Doukhobor_women_winnowing_grain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Doukhobor" class="mw-redirect" title="Doukhobor">Doukhobor</a> women winnowing grain, Saskatchewan, 1899</figcaption></figure> <p>Primary industries were agriculture in the rural south and central region, fishing and forestry in the rural northern region.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr,_Principal_Middlesex_College,_University_of_Western_Ontario_1960_90_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr,_Principal_Middlesex_College,_University_of_Western_Ontario_1960_90-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dominion Land Act of 1872 offered pioneers an opportunity to prove up a quarter section of land (one hundred and sixty acres (a quarter square mile, 65 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a>).) in Western Canada for a $10.00 filing fee.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The improvements needed to acquire the land were labour-intensive, and settlers farmed in family groups or ethnic bloc settlements of the same language to assist one another. Early homesteaders grew mainly <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_crops" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsistence crops">subsistence crops</a> which would feed their own family and livestock. Pioneer activities supported harvest work groups, recreational sports, pioneer farm exhibitions, rodeos and community dances to provide support and social interaction for isolated neighbors who lived a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> mile (0.40 km) apart from each other. The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> modernized the farming industry as mechanized vehicles replaced the long hours of oxen ploughed land or the horse-drawn cart. Farms became much larger, and mechanized, evolving towards <a href="/wiki/Industrial_agriculture" title="Industrial agriculture">industrial agriculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_living_patterns">Urban living patterns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Urban living patterns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw,_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan">Moose Jaw</a> became the first city of Saskatchewan in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pile O'Bones, renamed <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a> in 1882, was declared the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Northwest_Territories_capital_cities#Regina,_Northwest_Territories_(1883_-_1905)" title="History of Northwest Territories capital cities">Territorial Capital</a> in 1883, became a city in 1903, and the capital of Saskatchewan in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan" title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan">Prince Albert</a> attained city status next in 1904. The Barr colonists arrived in <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a> in 1883, the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railway (QLLR) in 1890, and Saskatoon attained city status in 1906, and is presently the province's largest city.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The urban centers brought a mix of ethnic and religious settlers, and those who weren't agricultural homesteaders but brought with themselves a trade or professional calling. Regina developed around the newly formed legislature and North-West Mounted Police Barracks. Saskatoon developed around the arrival of the three major rail lines becoming the central hub city<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for supplies both to <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> (west) and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> (east) but also to industry north and south. Primary industries were agriculture in the rural south and central region, fishing and forestry in the rural northern region, and mining of various capacities throughout the province depending upon resources available at each site. The depression and drought years of the dirty thirties brought folks beset by agricultural hardships to the cities for a dire hope of employment. Secondary 'make work' industries were on the rise such as manufacturing and construction. Many hotels and bridges were built by this large supply of labour in this time. With the advent of the industrial revolution, after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, agricultural output went up with a decrease of labour methods. The supply of workers increased for tertiary employment sector such as transportation, trade, finance and services which were mainly based in urban centres.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr,_Principal_Middlesex_College,_University_of_Western_Ontario_1960_90_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr,_Principal_Middlesex_College,_University_of_Western_Ontario_1960_90-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CPR2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/CPR2.jpg/250px-CPR2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/CPR2.jpg/375px-CPR2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/CPR2.jpg/500px-CPR2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>Château style rail stations, <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Railway_Station_(Canadian_Pacific)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatoon Railway Station (Canadian Pacific)">Saskatoon</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The notable architectural achievements have been preserved as <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_historic_sites_of_Canada#Saskatchewan_—_42" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national historic sites of Canada">historic and heritage sites</a>. The architecture varies from Anglican Gothic Revival mission churches, Romanesque Revival post offices, Château style rail stations and hotels, Byzantine-style basilica <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian Catholic</a> Cathedrals.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film,_and_television"><span id="Film.2C_and_television"></span>Film, and television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Film, and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Film_and_Video_Classification_Board" title="Saskatchewan Film and Video Classification Board">Saskatchewan Film and Video Classification Board</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitol_Theatre,_1929.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Capitol_Theatre%2C_1929.jpg/250px-Capitol_Theatre%2C_1929.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Capitol_Theatre%2C_1929.jpg/375px-Capitol_Theatre%2C_1929.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Capitol_Theatre%2C_1929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Capitol Theatre, <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Normal_School,_Regina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Normal_School%2C_Regina.JPG/220px-Normal_School%2C_Regina.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Normal_School%2C_Regina.JPG/330px-Normal_School%2C_Regina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Normal_School%2C_Regina.JPG/440px-Normal_School%2C_Regina.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>Canada Saskatchewan Sound Stage and Production Studios</figcaption></figure> <p>By the mid-1950s, there were just over 150 radio broadcast stations operating nationwide across Canada, Canada first received television broadcasts in 1952 at <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>. There are currently nine separate <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of television stations in Saskatchewan">television stations in Saskatchewan</a>. </p><p>Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">motion picture industry</a>. $7.80 admission fees, and 16 motion pictures (mainly made in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>) were viewed by the average Canadian in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saskatchewan residents thereafter developed their own films and the Saskatchewan Film Development Corporation (a production unit of the National Film Board Canada), Saskatchewan Production Studios, as well as the Yorkton Short Film and Video Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Canada_Saskatchewan_Production_Studios" title="Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios">Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios</a> located in Regina that has been used for the production of both movies and television programs and are still used today in society. </p><p>Film and television productions done at the Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Falling_Angels_(film)" title="Falling Angels (film)">Falling Angels</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corner_Gas" title="Corner Gas">Corner Gas</a></i> (2004–2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corner_Gas" title="Corner Gas">Beyond Corner Gas: Tales from Dog River</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tideland_(film)" title="Tideland (film)">Tideland</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i>Sabbatical</i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Messengers_(film)" title="The Messengers (film)">The Messengers</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_I_Married_My_High_School_Crush" title="How I Married My High School Crush">How I Married My High School Crush</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corner_Gas" title="Corner Gas">It's Been a Gas</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolan%27s_Cadillac_(film)" title="Dolan's Cadillac (film)">Dolan's Cadillac</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walled_In" title="Walled In">Walled In</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSecurity" title="InSecurity">InSecurity</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theatre">Theatre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre,_Regina" title="Globe Theatre, Regina">Globe Theatre, Regina</a></div><p> The earliest drama selections were of the Christmas school pageants which early on room <a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">school house</a> teachers would assemble and present with the assistance of student and parent. The "Socialisti", "Red Devils/Ghosts", "West Country", or the "Coteau Hills Finnish Socialist Society" settled around 1923 in the Steeldale district of Saskatchewan. They would gather in halls and produce local plays.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EH2009_Persephone_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/EH2009_Persephone_Theatre.jpg/170px-EH2009_Persephone_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/EH2009_Persephone_Theatre.jpg/255px-EH2009_Persephone_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/EH2009_Persephone_Theatre.jpg/340px-EH2009_Persephone_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>Persephone Theatre during <a href="/wiki/Earth_Hour" title="Earth Hour">Earth Hour</a></figcaption></figure><p> Several early <a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of communities in Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan communities</a> including <a href="/wiki/Wolseley,_Saskatchewan" title="Wolseley, Saskatchewan">Wolseley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanley,_Saskatchewan" title="Hanley, Saskatchewan">Hanley</a> would construct <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">Opera houses</a> to encourage drama production in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dominion Drama Festival which showcased a national competition amongst Canadian amateur theatre groups was held in Regina in the mid-1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thereafter, the Regina Little Theatre and Theatre Saskatchewan formed. Theatre and Saskatoon are synonymous with names such as <a href="/wiki/Henry_Woolf" title="Henry Woolf">Henry Woolf</a> actor and artistic director and <a href="/wiki/Arbor_Creek,_Saskatoon,_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbor Creek, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan">Bob Hinnitt</a> drama organizer of Castle Theatre <a href="/wiki/Aden_Bowman_Collegiate" title="Aden Bowman Collegiate">Aden Bowman Collegiate</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Persephone_Theatre" title="Persephone Theatre">Persephone Theatre</a>, 25th Street Theatre, Shakespeare on the Saskatchewan, and the Globe Theatre produce professional theatrical shows for the Saskatchewan community today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MendelArt2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/MendelArt2.jpg/250px-MendelArt2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/MendelArt2.jpg/375px-MendelArt2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/MendelArt2.jpg/500px-MendelArt2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mendel_Art_Gallery" title="Mendel Art Gallery">Mendel Art Gallery</a> and Civic Conservatory</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Kane-BuffaloHunt-ROM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Paul_Kane-BuffaloHunt-ROM.jpg/250px-Paul_Kane-BuffaloHunt-ROM.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Paul_Kane-BuffaloHunt-ROM.jpg/375px-Paul_Kane-BuffaloHunt-ROM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Paul_Kane-BuffaloHunt-ROM.jpg/500px-Paul_Kane-BuffaloHunt-ROM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2014" data-file-height="1233" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kane" title="Paul Kane">Paul Kane</a> <i>Half-Breeds Running Buffalo</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Early explorers and adventurers were enticed to the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">North West Territories</a> by paintings of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kane" title="Paul Kane">Paul Kane</a> who depicted a romantic west of adventure. As early as the 1955 summer season, the <a href="/wiki/Emma_Lake_Artist%27s_Workshops" title="Emma Lake Artist's Workshops">Regina College Summer School</a> at <a href="/wiki/Murray_Point,_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murray Point, Saskatchewan">Murray Point</a> on <a href="/wiki/Emma_Lake_(Saskatchewan)" title="Emma Lake (Saskatchewan)">Emma Lake</a> reached national prominence.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Kenderdine" title="Augustus Kenderdine">Augustus Kenderdine</a>, Inglis Sheldon-Williams, <a href="/wiki/Illingworth_Kerr" title="Illingworth Kerr">Illingworth Kerr</a>, James Henderson, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lindner" title="Ernest Lindner">Ernest Lindner</a>, Jan Wyers, Dorothy Knowles, <a href="/wiki/Reta_Cowley" title="Reta Cowley">Reta Cowley</a> and William Perehudoff are all well known and acclaimed Saskatchewan artists. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lochhead" title="Kenneth Lochhead">Kenneth Lochhead</a>, Arthur McKay, <a href="/wiki/Ron_Bloore" title="Ron Bloore">Ronald Bloore</a>, Douglas Morton and <a href="/wiki/Ted_Godwin" title="Ted Godwin">Ted Godwin</a> became known as the "Regina Five". <a href="/wiki/Joe_Fafard" title="Joe Fafard">Joe Fafard</a>, Jack Sures, and Vic Cicansky make ceramics and sculpture their visual art form media. Painters Bob Boyer and <a href="/wiki/David_Thauberger" title="David Thauberger">David Thauberger</a>, as well as sculptor Bill Epp and the brothers Huang Zhongyang and Huang Zhongru are noteworthy as well.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/MacKenzie_Art_Gallery" title="MacKenzie Art Gallery">MacKenzie Art Gallery</a> <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a> is the only major currently functioning art gallery in the province known to bring in major shows from other galleries. Saskatoon's now-defunct <a href="/wiki/Mendel_Art_Gallery" title="Mendel Art Gallery">Mendel Art Gallery</a> <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a> ceased operations in 2015 with no known opening date for a new gallery. Prince Albert, North Battleford, Moose Jaw and Yorkton all have public galleries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Saskatchewan Writers Guild, Saskatchewan Playwrights Centre, Thunder Creek Publishing Co-operative formed to support and promote Saskatchewan literary talent. </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Sinclair_Ross" class="mw-redirect" title="James Sinclair Ross">James Sinclair Ross</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._O._Mitchell" title="W. O. Mitchell">W. O. Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorna_Crozier" title="Lorna Crozier">Lorna Crozier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Szumigalski" title="Anne Szumigalski">Anne Szumigalski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candace_Savage" title="Candace Savage">Candace Savage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kroetsch" title="Robert Kroetsch">Robert Kroetsch</a>, are Saskatchewan's literary artists.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rev. Charles Gordon (nom de plume, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Connor" title="Ralph Connor">Ralph Connor</a>), Robert Stead, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Philip_Grove" title="Frederick Philip Grove">Frederick Philip Grove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stegner" title="Wallace Stegner">Wallace Stegner</a>, R.D. (Bob) Symons, Edward McCourt, <a href="/wiki/Lorna_Crozier" title="Lorna Crozier">Lorna Crozier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Burnard" title="Bonnie Burnard">Bonnie Burnard</a>, David Carpenter, <a href="/wiki/Don_Kerr" title="Don Kerr">Don Kerr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byrna_Barclay" title="Byrna Barclay">Byrna Barclay</a>, Glen Sorestad, Gertrude Story,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Campbell" title="Maria Campbell">Maria Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Butala" title="Sharon Butala">Sharon Butala</a>, Guy Vanderhaege, Brenda Baker, Art Slade, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Kuipers" title="Alice Kuipers">Alice Kuipers</a>, Dave Margoshes, and Chris Fisher have also contributed to the Saskatchewan literary scene. Some Saskatchewan poets include <a href="/wiki/Eli_Mandel" title="Eli Mandel">Eli Mandel</a>, Andrew Suknaski, and John Hicks. Famous Saskatchewan novelists would be Ken Mitchell, Gary Hyland, Robert Currie, Geoffrey Ursell and Barbara Sapergia to mention a few. </p><p>Tim Lilburn is a Regina poet who has won the Governor General's Literary Award for his novel <i>Kill-site</i>. He was joined by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Sapp" title="Allen Sapp">Allen Sapp</a>, painter from the Red Pheasant Reserve who also includes <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Canadian Academy of Arts">Royal Canadian Academy of Arts</a> and an Officer of the Order of Canada awards.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Calder (Saskatoon), <i>Willie: The Life of W. Somerset Maugham</i>, Maggie Siggins (Regina), <i>Revenge of the Land</i>, Anne Szumigalski (Saskatoon Voice), and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Vanderhaeghe" title="Guy Vanderhaeghe">Guy Vanderhaeghe</a> (Saskatoon), <i>Man Descending and again</i> were all honoured for literary recognition by Premier <a href="/wiki/Roy_Romanow" title="Roy Romanow">Roy Romanow</a> during the 1997 Governor General's literary awards ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been other Saskatchewan artists who have been honoured with the Governor General's Literary Awards such as Lorna Crozier (<a href="/wiki/Swift_Current" title="Swift Current">Swift Current</a>), <i>Inventing the Hawk</i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Newlove_(poet)" title="John Newlove (poet)">John Newlove</a> (Regina), <i>The Cave and Lies</i>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Wah" title="Fred Wah">Fred Wah</a> (born in Swift Current), <i>Waiting for Saskatchewan</i>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Wieler" title="Diana Wieler">Diana Wieler</a> (Saskatoon), <i>Bad Boy</i>, and Rudy Wiebe, <i>The Temptation of Big Bear</i> and <i>A Discovery of Strangers</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Saskatchewan Herald</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Battleford" title="Battleford">Battleford</a> newspaper, was the province's first paper<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was started in 1878 by Patrick Gammie Laurie.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Flood_Davin" title="Nicholas Flood Davin">Nicholas Flood Davin</a> founded the <i><a href="/wiki/Regina_Leader-Post" title="Regina Leader-Post">Regina Leader</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Assiniboia" title="Assiniboia">Assiniboia Provisional District</a>, North-West Territories, as early as 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other North-West Territories pre-provincial newspapers (pre-1905) were the <i>Moose Jaw Times</i>, <i>North West Territories Gazette</i>, <i>Prince Albert Times</i>, <i>Qu'Appelle Progress</i>, <i>Qu'Appelle Vidette</i>, <i>Saskatoon Sentinel</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Saskatoon_Phenix" class="mw-redirect" title="The Saskatoon Phenix">The Saskatoon Phenix</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dance">Dance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The First Nation Muskowekwan of Saskatchewan are still renowned for their <a href="/wiki/Pow-wow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pow-wow">pow-wow</a> dance, drumming and music.<sup id="cite_ref-Pow-wow_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pow-wow-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early pioneer immigrants would enjoy local barn dances with local musical talent who played <a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">old-time music</a> and folks enjoyed square dances, polkas, waltzes and ethnic dances. </p><p>Saskatchewan Dance Theatre in Saskatoon and Regina <a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Modern Dance</a> Works in Regina are a few of current Saskatchewan dance forms and schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada%27s_Prairie_Provinces" title="Music of Canada's Prairie Provinces">Music of Canada's Prairie Provinces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saskatchewan" title="Music of Saskatchewan">Music of Saskatchewan</a></div> <p>All of the First Nations in Saskatchewan encompass formal musical styles such as the <a href="/wiki/Regina_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Regina Symphony Orchestra">Regina Symphony Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra">Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra</a>, South Saskatchewan Youth Orchestra, <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Youth_Orchestra" title="Saskatoon Youth Orchestra">Saskatoon Youth Orchestra</a> and the Saskatchewan Music Festival Association. There are also local talented musicians who have become professional on the international stage. A very few of these would be: <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a>, Chris Real, <a href="/wiki/Connie_Kaldor" title="Connie Kaldor">Connie Kaldor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stu_Davis" title="Stu Davis">Stu Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Freed" title="Don Freed">Don Freed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_James" title="Colin James">Colin James</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Semple" title="Jack Semple">Jack Semple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brad_Johner" title="Brad Johner">Brad Johner</a> and the band of <a href="/wiki/Jason_Plumb" title="Jason Plumb">Jason Plumb</a> and the Willing. Brenda Baker is a <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> songwriter, performer as well as author.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals_and_events">Festivals and events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Festivals and events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of festivals in Saskatchewan">List of festivals in Saskatchewan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina, Saskatchewan</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wfa004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Wfa004.jpg/250px-Wfa004.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Wfa004.jpg/375px-Wfa004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Wfa004.jpg/500px-Wfa004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="711" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_show" title="Agricultural show">Agricultural show</a> cattle judging</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wfa017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wfa017.jpg/250px-Wfa017.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wfa017.jpg/375px-Wfa017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wfa017.jpg/500px-Wfa017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_show" title="Agricultural show">Agricultural show</a> prize bull</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konafest2007-45.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Konafest2007-45.JPG/250px-Konafest2007-45.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Konafest2007-45.JPG/375px-Konafest2007-45.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Konafest2007-45.JPG/500px-Konafest2007-45.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Kōnafest snow sculpture, <a href="/wiki/Culture_in_Regina" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture in Regina">culture in Regina</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Chautauqua" title="Chautauqua">Chautauqua movement</a> was an early pioneer traveling "tent show" of arts and entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_show" title="Agricultural show">Agricultural shows</a> are public events showcasing the equipment, animals, sports and recreation associated with the occupations of agriculture and <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a>. The largest of these comprise a <b>livestock show</b> (a judged event or display in which <a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">breeding stock</a> is exhibited), a <a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">trade fair</a> and other competitions and entertainment which have been popular throughout the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Saskatchewan" title="History of Saskatchewan">history of Saskatchewan</a>. </p><p>Craven Country Jamboree, The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan_Festival_of_Words&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saskatchewan Festival of Words (page does not exist)">Saskatchewan Festival of Words</a> in Moose Jaw, Saskatoon Fringe Festival, Saskatoon Jazz Festival, Saskatoon Children's Festival, Ness Creek Music Festival, the Regina Folk Festival, the North Battleford Crafts Fair, Regina's Cathedral Village Arts Festival, Northern Saskatchewan Games and Cultural Festival (NSGCF) and the Fort Qu'Appelle Midsummer Arts Festival are just a few of the several hundreds of community festivals held at various times throughout the province. </p><p>The Regina Arts Commission is just one of the many organisations formed to support festivals and their creation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food">Food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">Pemmican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bannock_(Indigenous_American_food)" title="Bannock (Indigenous American food)">bannock</a> are a few of the historical foods of the Cree First Nation aboriginal peoples. Bannock is easy to prepare and combine with local berries, the dough can be cooked over the open fire suspended on willow stick, and tastes similar to biscuits. Early settlers survived by learning from the First Nations which flora and fauna of the land were edible and how to prepare. Thereafter, the land was tilled, and agricultural practices and trading economies allowed each ethnic group to plant and cultivate the foods necessary for the recipes of their home land. Each ethnic group has brought their unique flavour and recipes to Saskatchewan, and these are celebrated today in Folk Festivals across the province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Saskatchewan" title="Education in Saskatchewan">Education in Saskatchewan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Saskatchewan" title="University of Saskatchewan">University of Saskatchewan</a> granted bachelor's degrees in fine arts as early as the late 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University of Regina also exists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Campbell" title="Maria Campbell">Campbell, Maria</a> - playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Crofford" title="Joanne Crofford">Crofford, Joanne</a> - <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of culture">Minister of Culture</a>, Youth and Recreation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Neatby" title="Hilda Neatby">Neatby, Miss Hilda Marion Ada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">M.A.</a>, Ph.D. Professor of History and Acting Head of the Department, University of Saskatchewan, was appointed to the Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters, and Sciences, 1949.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Siggins" title="Maggie Siggins">Siggins, Maggie</a> - Canadian journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Spohr" title="Arnold Spohr">Spohr, Arnold</a> - Saskatchewan ballet dancer awarded <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savella_Stechishin" title="Savella Stechishin">Stechishin, Savella</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian culture">Ukrainian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Wagner" title="Norman Wagner">Wagner, Norman</a> - Saskatchewan born - founded the School of Religion and Culture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_Wettlaufer" title="Boyd Wettlaufer">Wettlaufer, Boyd</a> - "the Father of Saskatchewan Archaeology"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provincial_symbols">Provincial symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Provincial symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan" title="Coat of arms of Saskatchewan">Coat of arms of Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saskatchewan" title="Flag of Saskatchewan">Flag of Saskatchewan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Saskatchewan" title="Symbols of Saskatchewan">Symbols of Saskatchewan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_symbols_of_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Provincial symbols of Saskatchewan">Category:Provincial symbols of Saskatchewan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_economy">Political economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Political economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saskatchewan" title="Politics of Saskatchewan">Politics of Saskatchewan</a></div> <p>The largest contribution by politics to the culture of Saskatchewan was the introduction of medicare by <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a>. Premier Douglas's most notable achievement was the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Universal_medicare" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal medicare">universal medicare</a> legislation in 1961 to the province of Saskatchewan. In 1964, Justice Hall recommended the nationwide adoption of Saskatchewan's model of public health insurance.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prizes_and_awards">Prizes and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Prizes and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_Medal_for_the_Centennial_of_Saskatchewan" title="Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan">Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Order_of_Merit" title="Saskatchewan Order of Merit">Saskatchewan Order of Merit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Arts_Board" title="Saskatchewan Arts Board">Saskatchewan Arts Board</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Canadian" title="The Greatest Canadian">The Greatest Canadian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Governor_General%27s_Literary_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General's Literary Awards">Governor General's Literary Awards</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Arts_Board" title="Saskatchewan Arts Board">Saskatchewan Arts Board</a> formed in 1948 to develop arts and recognition of artists in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Saskatchewan">Sports in Saskatchewan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Sport in Saskatchewan">Category:Sport in Saskatchewan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soccer_in_Canada" title="Soccer in Canada">Soccer in Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curling_stones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Curling_stones.jpg/250px-Curling_stones.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Curling_stones.jpg/375px-Curling_stones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Curling_stones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Curling stones</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brendan_Witt_-_Nashville_Predators.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Brendan_Witt_-_Nashville_Predators.jpg/250px-Brendan_Witt_-_Nashville_Predators.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Brendan_Witt_-_Nashville_Predators.jpg/375px-Brendan_Witt_-_Nashville_Predators.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Brendan_Witt_-_Nashville_Predators.jpg/500px-Brendan_Witt_-_Nashville_Predators.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Witt" title="Brendan Witt">Brendan Witt</a> of <a href="/wiki/Humboldt,_Saskatchewan" title="Humboldt, Saskatchewan">Humboldt, Saskatchewan</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> player.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a> is the official sport of <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, and was played there before the formation of the province in 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curling ice rinks are the centre of most <a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of communities in Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan communities</a>. The official national summer <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Canada">sport</a> is <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">lacrosse</a>, which was invented by <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples in Canada">Aboriginal peoples</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> is the official national winter sport. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a> is the professional <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a> sports team. The Roughriders are the most popular sports team in the province. </p><p>The highest level of hockey in the province are the teams of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hockey_League" title="Western Hockey League">Western Hockey League</a>: <a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw_Warriors" title="Moose Jaw Warriors">Moose Jaw Warriors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Raiders" title="Prince Albert Raiders">Prince Albert Raiders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regina_Pats" title="Regina Pats">Regina Pats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Blades" title="Saskatoon Blades">Saskatoon Blades</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swift_Current_Broncos" title="Swift Current Broncos">Swift Current Broncos</a>. Many world-class hockey athletes have roots in Saskatchewan, such as <a href="/wiki/Gordie_Howe" title="Gordie Howe">Gordie Howe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Trottier" title="Bryan Trottier">Bryan Trottier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gillies" title="Clark Gillies">Clark Gillies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Bentley" title="Max Bentley">Max Bentley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wendel_Clark" title="Wendel Clark">Wendel Clark</a> amongst several other <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> players.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There exist a few amateur baseball teams in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Major_Baseball_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Major Baseball League">Western Major Baseball League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> is currently making inroads as a fast-growing sport. Saskatchewan hosts auto racing on the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_International_Raceway" title="Saskatchewan International Raceway">Saskatchewan International Raceway</a> drag racing course, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgecity_Speedway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridgecity Speedway (page does not exist)">Bridgecity Speedway</a> in Saskatoon, and <a href="/wiki/Kings_Park_Speedway" title="Kings Park Speedway">Kings Park Speedway</a> of Regina, which both feature Thunderstock, and Streetstock racing. <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">Bowling</a> takes several forms in Saskatchewan, including <a href="/wiki/Ten-pin_bowling" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten-pin bowling">ten-pin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bowls" title="Bowls">lawn bowling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Five-pin_bowling" title="Five-pin bowling">five-pin bowling</a>. Golf is a widely enjoyed recreational sport across Saskatchewan and the golf courses feature cross country ski trails in the winter months. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Weyburn" title="Weyburn">Weyburn</a> hosted the 2004 Saskatchewan Summer Games while <a href="/wiki/Lloydminster" title="Lloydminster">Lloydminster</a> hosted the 2008 Saskatchewan Summer Games.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan" title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan">Prince Albert</a> hosted the 1993 <a href="/wiki/North_American_Indigenous_Games" title="North American Indigenous Games">North American Indigenous Games</a> and Saskatoon hosted the 1971 <a href="/wiki/Canada_Games" title="Canada Games">Canada Winter Games</a> and 1989 Canada Summer Games. There are also university, junior, high school and recreational athletic teams and sports across Saskatchewan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_in_Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Culture in Regina, Saskatchewan">Culture in Regina, Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_and_territorial_nicknames_in_Canada" title="List of provincial and territorial nicknames in Canada">List of provincial and territorial nicknames in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saskatchewan" title="Tourism in Saskatchewan">Tourism in Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Agriculture_in_Canada-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Agriculture_in_Canada_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agriculture_in_Canada_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Canada" title="Agriculture in Canada">Agriculture in Canada</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howe_1956_115-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howe_1956_115_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howe_1956_115_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHowe1956" class="citation cs2">Howe, The Right Honourable C.D. (1956), <i>The Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress Canada 1956</i>, Ottawa, Ontario: Queen's Printer Canada year Book Section Information Services Division Dominion Bureau of Statistics, p. 115</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Handbook+of+Present+Conditions+and+Recent+Progress+Canada+1956&rft.place=Ottawa%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+Canada+year+Book+Section+Information+Services+Division+Dominion+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=The+Right+Honourable+C.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKallmann2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kallmann, Helmut (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/massey-commission-emc">"Massey Commission Encyclopedia of Music in Canada"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i>. Historica Foundation of Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Massey+Commission+Encyclopedia+of+Music+in+Canada&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Historica+Foundation+of+Canada&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kallmann&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fmassey-commission-emc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFungBill_BarryMichael_Wilson1989" class="citation cs2">Fung, Ka-iu; Bill Barry; Michael Wilson (1989), <i>Atlas of Saskatchewan Celebrating the Saskatchewan 2000-2005</i>, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan: University of Saskatchewan, p. 273</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Saskatchewan+Celebrating+the+Saskatchewan+2000-2005&rft.place=Saskatoon%2C+Saskatchewan&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=University+of+Saskatchewan&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Fung&rft.aufirst=Ka-iu&rft.au=Bill+Barry&rft.au=Michael+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe1956" class="citation cs2">Howe, The Right Honourable C.D. (1956), <i>The Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress Canada 1956</i>, Ottawa, Ontario: Queen's Printer Canada year Book Section Information Services Division Dominion Bureau of Statistics, p. 125</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Handbook+of+Present+Conditions+and+Recent+Progress+Canada+1956&rft.place=Ottawa%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+Canada+year+Book+Section+Information+Services+Division+Dominion+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=The+Right+Honourable+C.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pow-wow-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pow-wow_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pow-wow_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pow-wow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pow-wow">Pow-wow</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Saskatchewan" title="Education in Saskatchewan">Education in Saskatchewan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.com/~cansk/school/Evolution.htm"><i>Saskatchewan Gen Web - One Room School Project - Evolution</i></a>, January 16, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saskatchewan+Gen+Web+-+One+Room+School+Project+-+Evolution&rft.date=2006-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rootsweb.com%2F~cansk%2Fschool%2FEvolution.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Battleford,_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Battleford, Saskatchewan">Battleford</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itotd.com/articles/423/the-tunnels-of-moose-jaw/">"The Tunnels of Moose Jaw: Interesting Thing of the Day"</a>. <i>Interesting Thing of the Day</i>. January 8, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interesting+Thing+of+the+Day&rft.atitle=The+Tunnels+of+Moose+Jaw%3A+Interesting+Thing+of+the+Day&rft.date=2005-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitotd.com%2Farticles%2F423%2Fthe-tunnels-of-moose-jaw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Hills_Interprovincial_Park" title="Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park">Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/RCMP_Heritage_Centre" title="RCMP Heritage Centre">RCMP Heritage Centre</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBird_Habitat_Conservation" class="citation web cs1">Bird Habitat Conservation, Tree Planters: Past and Present. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234904/http://www.econet.sk.ca/sk_enviro_champions/macoun.html">"John Macoun • Saskatchewan's Environmental Champions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econet.sk.ca/sk_enviro_champions/macoun.html">the original</a> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Macoun+%E2%80%A2+Saskatchewan%27s+Environmental+Champions&rft.aulast=Bird+Habitat+Conservation&rft.aufirst=Tree+Planters%3A+Past+and+Present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econet.sk.ca%2Fsk_enviro_champions%2Fmacoun.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kerr,_Principal_Middlesex_College,_University_of_Western_Ontario_1960_90-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kerr,_Principal_Middlesex_College,_University_of_Western_Ontario_1960_90_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kerr,_Principal_Middlesex_College,_University_of_Western_Ontario_1960_90_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr,_Principal_Middlesex_College,_University_of_Western_Ontario1960" class="citation cs2">Kerr, Principal Middlesex College, University of Western Ontario, D.G.G. (1960), <i>A Historical Atlas of Canada</i>, Toronto, Ontario: Thomas Nelson & Sons (Canada) Limited, p. 90</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Historical+Atlas+of+Canada&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+%26+Sons+%28Canada%29+Limited&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Kerr%2C+Principal+Middlesex+College%2C+University+of+Western+Ontario&rft.aufirst=D.G.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamson2007" class="citation web cs1">Adamson, J (March 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.com/~cansk/Saskatchewan/homestead.html">"Saskatchewan Gen Web Project - Homestead Information"</a>. rootsweb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saskatchewan+Gen+Web+Project+-+Homestead+Information&rft.pub=rootsweb&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rootsweb.com%2F~cansk%2FSaskatchewan%2Fhomestead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Canada#History" title="Agriculture in Canada">Agriculture in Canada#History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Agriculture">History of Agriculture</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiannetta2003" class="citation web cs1">Giannetta, J. (March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030418064624/http://www.saskschools.ca/~gregory/sask/skcities.html">"SASKATCHEWAN COMMUNITIES - the cities (a brief history)"</a>. Saskatchewan Schools. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saskschools.ca/~gregory/sask/skcities.html">the original</a> on April 18, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SASKATCHEWAN+COMMUNITIES+-+the+cities+%28a+brief+history%29&rft.pub=Saskatchewan+Schools&rft.date=2003-03&rft.aulast=Giannetta&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saskschools.ca%2F~gregory%2Fsask%2Fskcities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon#History" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon#History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_historic_sites_of_Canada#Saskatchewan_—_42" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national historic sites of Canada">historic and heritage sites</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe1956" class="citation cs2">Howe, The Right Honourable C.D. (1956), <i>The Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress Canada 1956</i>, Ottawa, Ontario: Queen's Printer Canada year Book Section Information Services Division Dominion Bureau of Statistics, p. 130</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Handbook+of+Present+Conditions+and+Recent+Progress+Canada+1956&rft.place=Ottawa%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+Canada+year+Book+Section+Information+Services+Division+Dominion+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=The+Right+Honourable+C.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040830075015/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0003108">Saskatchewan Arts Board</a> URL accessed May 6, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarwaruk1984" class="citation cs2">Warwaruk, Larry (1984), <i>Red Finns on the Coteau</i>, Saskatoon, Sk.: Core Communications Inc. Sutherland Printers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9691893-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9691893-1-1"><bdi>0-9691893-1-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Finns+on+the+Coteau&rft.place=Saskatoon%2C+Sk.&rft.pub=Core+Communications+Inc.+Sutherland+Printers&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-9691893-1-1&rft.aulast=Warwaruk&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'NeillTheatre_Research_in_Canada2005" class="citation cs2">O'Neill, Patrick B.; Theatre Research in Canada (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/TRIC/bin/get.cgi?directory=vol3_2/&filename=ONeill.htm"><i>SASKATCHEWAN'S LAST OPERA HOUSE: HANLEY 1912-1982</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-07</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SASKATCHEWAN%27S+LAST+OPERA+HOUSE%3A+HANLEY+1912-1982&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Patrick+B.&rft.au=Theatre+Research+in+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.unb.ca%2FTexts%2FTRIC%2Fbin%2Fget.cgi%3Fdirectory%3Dvol3_2%2F%26filename%3DONeill.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe1956" class="citation cs2">Howe, The Right Honourable C.D. (1956), <i>The Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress Canada 1956</i>, Ottawa, Ontario: Queen's Printer Canada year Book Section Information Services Division Dominion Bureau of Statistics, p. 118</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Handbook+of+Present+Conditions+and+Recent+Progress+Canada+1956&rft.place=Ottawa%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+Canada+year+Book+Section+Information+Services+Division+Dominion+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=The+Right+Honourable+C.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe1956" class="citation cs2">Howe, The Right Honourable C.D. (1956), <i>The Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress Canada 1956</i>, Ottawa, Ontario: Queen's Printer Canada year Book Section Information Services Division Dominion Bureau of Statistics, p. 124</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Handbook+of+Present+Conditions+and+Recent+Progress+Canada+1956&rft.place=Ottawa%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+Canada+year+Book+Section+Information+Services+Division+Dominion+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=The+Right+Honourable+C.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/arts_and_culture.html">The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Arts and Culture</a> URL accessed May 6, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell" class="citation cs2">Mitchell, Ken, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170615150904/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/ross_sinclair_1908-96.html"><i>The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Ross, Sinclair (1908–96)</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/ross_sinclair_1908-96.html">the original</a> on 2017-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Saskatchewan+Ross%2C+Sinclair+%281908%E2%80%9396%29&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesask.uregina.ca%2Fentry%2Fross_sinclair_1908-96.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.usask.ca/archives/exhibitions-digital/exhibitions/gertrude-story-1926-2014.php">Story</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2004" class="citation cs2">Government of Canada (2004-03-27), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070524061602/http://www.canadacouncil.ca/prizes/ggla/kf127248822388593750.htm"><i>The Canada Council for the Arts - Winners of the 2003 Governor ...</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadacouncil.ca/prizes/ggla/kf127248822388593750.htm">the original</a> on 2007-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canada+Council+for+the+Arts+-+Winners+of+the+2003+Governor+...&rft.date=2004-03-27&rft.au=Government+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadacouncil.ca%2Fprizes%2Fggla%2Fkf127248822388593750.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Saskatchewan2007" class="citation cs2">Government of Saskatchewan (January 23, 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611012429/http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=c2c9eeec-ee46-4daa-9082-a556f210d688"><i>PREMIER TO HONOUR LITERARY AWARD RECIPIENTS - Government of Saskatchewan</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=c2c9eeec-ee46-4daa-9082-a556f210d688">the original</a> on June 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PREMIER+TO+HONOUR+LITERARY+AWARD+RECIPIENTS+-+Government+of+Saskatchewan&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft.au=Government+of+Saskatchewan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.sk.ca%2Fnews%3FnewsId%3Dc2c9eeec-ee46-4daa-9082-a556f210d688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins1898" class="citation book cs1">Hopkins, J. Castell (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cihm_08048#page/n41/mode/1up"><i>An historical sketch of Canadian literature and journalism</i></a>. Toronto: Lincott. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0665080484" title="Special:BookSources/0665080484"><bdi>0665080484</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+historical+sketch+of+Canadian+literature+and+journalism&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=Lincott&rft.date=1898&rft.isbn=0665080484&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=J.+Castell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcihm_08048%23page%2Fn41%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaskatchewan_Archives_Board" class="citation cs2">Saskatchewan Archives Board, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928101219/http://www.saskarchives.com/web/history-tc-newsnotes.html">"Saskatchewan History Table of Contents"</a>, <i>Saskatchewan History Magazine</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saskarchives.com/web/history-tc-newsnotes.html">the original</a> on 2007-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saskatchewan+History+Magazine&rft.atitle=Saskatchewan+History+Table+of+Contents&rft.au=Saskatchewan+Archives+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saskarchives.com%2Fweb%2Fhistory-tc-newsnotes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaskatchewan_Archives_Board" class="citation cs2">Saskatchewan Archives Board, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070513033128/http://www.saskarchives.com/web/services-pub-family.html"><i>Saskatchewan History Table of Contents</i></a>, Services for The Public - Exploring Family History in Saskatchewan, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saskarchives.com/web/services-pub-family.html">the original</a> on 2007-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saskatchewan+History+Table+of+Contents&rft.pub=Services+for+The+Public+-+Exploring+Family+History+in+Saskatchewan&rft.au=Saskatchewan+Archives+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saskarchives.com%2Fweb%2Fservices-pub-family.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Flood_Davin" title="Nicholas Flood Davin">Nicholas Flood Davin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070220031308/http://www.saskatoonlibrary.ca/html/LHistorycollect.html#newspapers"><i>Local History Room Collections & Formats (Saskatoon Public Library)</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saskatoonlibrary.ca/html/LHistorycollect.html#newspapers">the original</a> on 2007-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+History+Room+Collections+%26+Formats+%28Saskatoon+Public+Library%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saskatoonlibrary.ca%2Fhtml%2FLHistorycollect.html%23newspapers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker1995–2005" class="citation cs2">Baker, Brenda (1995–2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brendabaker.com/"><i>Brenda Baker: Music/Literary Awards</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brenda+Baker%3A+Music%2FLiterary+Awards&rft.date=1995%2F2005&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brendabaker.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchellUniversity_of_Regina2006" class="citation cs2">Mitchell, Ken; University of Regina (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070517163114/http://www.jmcpl.ca/jmcpl_aboutUs.html"><i>The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan: Arts and Culture</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmcpl.ca/jmcpl_aboutUs.html">the original</a> on 2007-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Saskatchewan%3A+Arts+and+Culture&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.au=University+of+Regina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jmcpl.ca%2Fjmcpl_aboutUs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoweCloutier_C.M.G.,_D.A.,_D.S.P.1951" class="citation cs2">Howe, The Right Honourable C.D.; Cloutier C.M.G., D.A., D.S.P., Edmond (1951), <i>The Canada Year Book 1951 The Official Statistical Annual of the Resources, History, Institutions and Social and Economic Conditions of Canada</i>, Canada: Dominion Bureau of Statistics Department of Trade and Commerce, p. 306</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canada+Year+Book+1951+The+Official+Statistical+Annual+of+the+Resources%2C+History%2C+Institutions+and+Social+and+Economic+Conditions+of+Canada&rft.place=Canada&rft.pages=306&rft.pub=Dominion+Bureau+of+Statistics+Department+of+Trade+and+Commerce&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=The+Right+Honourable+C.D.&rft.au=Cloutier+C.M.G.%2C+D.A.%2C+D.S.P.%2C+Edmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan" class="citation cs2">Morgan, Jeremy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071021000417/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/saskatchewan_arts_board.html"><i>The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Arts Board</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/saskatchewan_arts_board.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Saskatchewan+Saskatchewan+Arts+Board&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesask.uregina.ca%2Fentry%2Fsaskatchewan_arts_board.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Saskatchewan2006" class="citation cs2">Government of Saskatchewan (June 15, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gr.gov.sk.ca/protocol/Emblems/official_sport.htm"><i>Government Relations</i></a>, Office of Protocol and Honours<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-07</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+Relations&rft.pub=Office+of+Protocol+and+Honours&rft.date=2006-06-15&rft.au=Government+of+Saskatchewan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gr.gov.sk.ca%2Fprotocol%2FEmblems%2Fofficial_sport.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHockey_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum2001–2007" class="citation cs2">Hockey Hall of Fame and Museum, Network Entertainment Inc. / Produced by The Learning Edge Corporation (2001–2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427213934/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayersByCountry.jsp?co=CASK"><i>Legends of Hockey -- NHL Player Search -- Players By Place of ..</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayersByCountry.jsp?co=CASK">the original</a> on 2006-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-07</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legends+of+Hockey+--+NHL+Player+Search+--+Players+By+Place+of+..&rft.date=2001%2F2007&rft.aulast=Hockey+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.aufirst=Network+Entertainment+Inc.+%2F+Produced+by+The+Learning+Edge+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legendsofhockey.net%3A8080%2FLegendsOfHockey%2Fjsp%2FSearchPlayersByCountry.jsp%3Fco%3DCASK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaskatchewan_Lotteries2001–2007" class="citation cs2">Saskatchewan Lotteries (2001–2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928171612/http://www.sasksport.sk.ca/games.php"><i>Saskatchewan Sports Net</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sasksport.sk.ca/games.php">the original</a> on 2007-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-07</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saskatchewan+Sports+Net&rft.date=2001%2F2007&rft.au=Saskatchewan+Lotteries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sasksport.sk.ca%2Fgames.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Culture of Saskatchewan</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Culture of Saskatchewan">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Culture of Saskatchewan">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Culture of Saskatchewan">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Culture of Saskatchewan">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Culture of Saskatchewan">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Culture of Saskatchewan">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Culture of Saskatchewan">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualsk.com/contact_us/aboriginal.html">Virtual Saskatchewan - Aboriginal Culture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saskculture.sk.ca/">SaskCulture Home Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070426210316/http://www.cyr.gov.sk.ca/">Culture Youth and Recreation | Home</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611025207/http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=0ffa16b2-3e38-4f43-95fc-84941de104f2">FRANCOPHONE CULTURE CELEBRATED IN SASKATCHEWAN - Government of ...</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/arts_and_culture.html">The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Arts and Culture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040830075015/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0003108">Saskatchewan Arts Board</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kayas.ca/">North Saskatchewan Heritage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookawards.sk.ca/">The Saskatchewan Book Awards Home Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/literature.html">The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Literature</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artsboard.sk.ca/">Saskatchewan Arts Board - Tansi & Welcome to the Artsboard</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globetheatrelive.com/">Globe Theatre Home Page</a> <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reginalittletheatre.com/">Regina Little Theatres</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reginalyric.com/">Regina: Lyric Light Opera Society, Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.25thstreettheatre.org/">Saskatoon: 25th Street Theatre Centre, Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persephonetheatre.org/">Saskatoon: Persephone Theatre, Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070423180621/http://www.sntc.ca/mainpage.shtml">Saskatoon: Saskatchewan Native Theatre Company</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shakespeareonthesaskatchewan.com/">Saskatoon: Shakespeare on Saskatchewan Festival, Saskatchewan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214111133/http://www.shakespeareonthesaskatchewan.com/">Archived</a> 2007-12-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/theatre_saskatchewan.html">The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan: Tbeatre Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/saskatoon_gateway_players.html">Saskatoon Gateway Players</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Saskatchewan">Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/storer_effie_laurie_1867-1948.html">The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan | Details Storer, Effie Laurie (1867–1948)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/competitive_games.html">The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan | Details | Competitive Games</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_Canada_(by_province_or_territory)371" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_topic" title="Template:Canada topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_topic" title="Template talk:Canada topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_Canada_(by_province_or_territory)371" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">Culture of Canada</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province or territory</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Alberta" title="Culture of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Manitoba" title="Culture of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Prince_Edward_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Quebec" title="Culture of Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Northwest_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nunavut" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Yukon" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Canada" title="Category:Canada">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&oldid=1244241720">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&oldid=1244241720</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Culture of Saskatchewan">Culture of Saskatchewan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 September 2024, at 21:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Saskatchewan&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Culture of Saskatchewan</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>1 language</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-654b9d4bd7-f6cbz","wgBackendResponseTime":122,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.582","walltime":"0.827","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2584,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":71149,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1448,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":35,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":126178,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 695.365 1 -total"," 45.67% 317.554 1 Template:Reflist"," 35.00% 243.386 23 Template:Citation"," 13.54% 94.183 1 Template:Canada_topic"," 13.28% 92.348 1 Template:Navbox"," 10.71% 74.468 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.37% 58.220 1 Template:Sisterlinks"," 7.42% 51.595 10 Template:See_also"," 6.11% 42.499 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.19% 29.130 1 Template:Cvt"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.356","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7328525,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-558d4bcb8b-9kwbs","timestamp":"20250207062653","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Culture of Saskatchewan","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culture_of_Saskatchewan","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5193634","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5193634","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-05-07T05:54:26Z","dateModified":"2024-09-05T21:59:31Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/13\/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg","headline":"patterns of human activity in a province of Canada"}</script> </body> </html>