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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Ma. Doreen E. Candelaria</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ma. Doreen E. Candelaria"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ma. Doreen E. Candelaria"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Ma. 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Doreen E. Candelaria"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 16</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ma. Doreen E. Candelaria</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Experimental Investigations on the Mechanical properties of Spiny (Kawayan Tinik) Bamboo Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma.%20Doreen%20E.%20Candelaria">Ma. Doreen E. Candelaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma.%20Louise%20Margaret%20A.%20Ramos"> Ma. Louise Margaret A. Ramos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Jaime%20Y.%20Hernandez"> Dr. Jaime Y. Hernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jr"> Jr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bamboo has been introduced as a possible alternative to some construction materials nowadays. Its potential use in the field of engineering, however, is still not widely practiced due to insufficient engineering knowledge on the material’s properties and characteristics. Although there are researches and studies proving its advantages, it is still not enough to say that bamboo can sustain and provide the strength and capacity required of common structures. In line with this, a more detailed analysis was made to observe the layered structure of the bamboo, particularly the species of Kawayan Tinik. It is the main intent of this research to provide the necessary experiments to determine the tensile strength of dried bamboo samples. The test includes tensile strength parallel to fibers with samples taken at internodes only. Throughout the experiment, methods suggested by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) were followed. The specimens were tested using 3366 INSTRON Universal Testing Machine, with a rate of loading set to 0.6 mm/min. It was then observed from the results of these experiments that dried bamboo samples recorded high layered tensile strengths, as high as 600 MPa. Likewise, along the culm’s length and across its cross section, higher tensile strength were observed at the top part and at its outer layers. Overall, the top part recorded the highest tensile strength per layer, with its outer layers having tensile strength as high as 600 MPa. The recorded tensile strength of its middle and inner layers, on the other hand, were approximately 450 MPa and 180 MPa, respectively. From this variation in tensile strength across the cross section, it may be concluded that an increase in tensile strength may be observed towards the outer periphery of the bamboo. With these preliminary investigations on the layered tensile strength of bamboo, it is highly recommended to conduct experimental investigations on the layered compressive strength properties as well. It is also suggested to conduct investigations evaluating perpendicular layered tensile strength of the material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bamboo%20strength" title="bamboo strength">bamboo strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layered%20strength%20tests" title=" layered strength tests"> layered strength tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength%20test" title=" strength test"> strength test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test" title=" tensile test "> tensile test </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24458/experimental-investigations-on-the-mechanical-properties-of-spiny-kawayan-tinik-bamboo-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Kiira EV Project Transition from Student to Professional Team through Project-Based Skills Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doreen%20Orishaba">Doreen Orishaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Isaac%20Musasizi"> Paul Isaac Musasizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Madanda"> Richard Madanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandy%20Stevens%20Tickodri-Togboa"> Sandy Stevens Tickodri-Togboa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world of academia tends to be a very insular place. Consequently, scholars who successfully completed their undergraduate and graduate studies are unpleasantly surprised at how challenging the transition to corporate life can get. This is a global trend even as the students who juggle work with attending some of the most demanding and best graduate programs may not easily adjust to and confirm to the professionalism required for corporate management of the industry. This paper explores the trends in the transition of Kiira EV Project from a predominantly student team to a professional team of a national pride program through mentorship and apprenticeship. The core disciplines within the Kiira EV Project include Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Industrial Design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentorship" title="mentorship">mentorship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apprenticeship" title=" apprenticeship"> apprenticeship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional" title=" professional"> professional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6522/kiira-ev-project-transition-from-student-to-professional-team-through-project-based-skills-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> The Influence of Covariance Hankel Matrix Dimension on Algorithms for VARMA Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celina%20Pestano-Gabino">Celina Pestano-Gabino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Concepcion%20Gonzalez-Concepcion"> Concepcion Gonzalez-Concepcion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Candelaria%20Gil-Fari%C3%B1a"> M. Candelaria Gil-Fariña</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some estimation methods for VARMA models, and Multivariate Time Series Models in general, rely on the use of a Hankel matrix. It is known that if the data sample is populous enough and the dimension of the Hankel matrix is unnecessarily large, this may result in an unnecessary number of computations as well as in numerical problems. In this sense, the aim of this paper is two-fold. First, we provide some theoretical results for these matrices which translate into a lower dimension for the matrices normally used in the algorithms. This contribution thus serves to improve those methods from a numerical and, presumably, statistical point of view. Second, we have chosen an estimation algorithm to illustrate in practice our improvements. The results we obtained in a simulation of VARMA models show that an increase in the size of the Hankel matrix beyond the theoretical bound proposed as valid does not necessarily lead to improved practical results. Therefore, for future research, we propose conducting similar studies using any of the linear system estimation methods that depend on Hankel matrices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covariances%20Hankel%20matrices" title="covariances Hankel matrices">covariances Hankel matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kronecker%20indices" title=" Kronecker indices"> Kronecker indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20identification" title=" system identification"> system identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VARMA%20models" title=" VARMA models"> VARMA models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55669/the-influence-of-covariance-hankel-matrix-dimension-on-algorithms-for-varma-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Education 5.0 and the Proliferation of Social Entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Opportunities for the Nation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsuu%20Faith%20Machingura">Tsuu Faith Machingura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doreen%20Nkala"> Doreen Nkala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Madzanire"> Daniel Madzanire</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Higher and tertiary Education in Zimbabwe is driven by is a five-pillar Education 5.0 model, which thrusts upon teaching, community engagement, research, innovation and industrialisation. Migration from the previous three-pillar model, the focus of which was on teaching, research and community engagement, to the current one saw universities churning out prolific social entrepreneurs. Apart from examining challenges social entrepreneurs face, the study aimed to identify opportunities that are available for the country as a corollary of the proliferation of social entrepreneurs. A sample of 20 participants comprising 15 social entrepreneurs and five lecturers was purposively drawn. Focus group and face to face interviews were used to gather data. The study revealed that the current higher and tertiary education model in Zimbabwe has stimulated proliferation of social entrepreneurs. It was recommended that a sound financial support system was needed to support new entrepreneurs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20entrepreneurs" title="social entrepreneurs">social entrepreneurs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%205.0" title=" education 5.0"> education 5.0</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrialisation" title=" industrialisation"> industrialisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167684/education-50-and-the-proliferation-of-social-entrepreneurs-in-zimbabwe-challenges-and-opportunities-for-the-nation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> A Cross-Cultural Strategy for Managing an Organisation Located in a Diverse-Populated Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsuu%20Faith%20Machingura">Tsuu Faith Machingura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Madzanire"> Daniel Madzanire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doreen%20Nkala"> Doreen Nkala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High employment opportunities in various towns in Zimbabwe attracted linguistically-diverse ethnic groups to settle therein. This movement, which largely was economically-induced, concocted diverse-populated communities in towns and in surrounding areas. Service provisions in such domains as education and business need to be diverse-sensitive. Prompted by the prevalence of diversity in present day business organisations, the study sought to suggest a cross-cultural strategy for managing an organisation located in a diverse-populated community. A case study research design was used. A sample of 10 participants consisting of five diverse business owners and five diverse clients was purposively drawn. Document analysis and key informant interviews were used to gather data. The study revealed that organisations that are located in diverse populated communities were shaped by the prevailing ethos. A diverse-sensitive managerial strategy was suggested as a pertinent cross-cultural managerial tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20strategy" title="cross-cultural strategy">cross-cultural strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20diversity" title=" linguistic diversity"> linguistic diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diverse-populated%20community" title=" diverse-populated community"> diverse-populated community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20groups" title=" ethnic groups"> ethnic groups</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167674/a-cross-cultural-strategy-for-managing-an-organisation-located-in-a-diverse-populated-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> The Relationship between Spanish Economic Variables: Evidence from the Wavelet Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Concepcion%20Gonzalez-Concepcion">Concepcion Gonzalez-Concepcion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Candelaria%20Gil-Fari%C3%B1a"> Maria Candelaria Gil-Fariña</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celina%20Pestano-Gabino"> Celina Pestano-Gabino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We analyze six relevant economic and financial variables for the period 2000M1-2015M3 in the context of the Spanish economy: a financial index (IBEX35), a commodity (Crude Oil Price in euros), a foreign exchange index (EUR/USD), a bond (Spanish 10-Year Bond), the Spanish National Debt and the Consumer Price Index. The goal of this paper is to analyze the main relations between them by computing the Wavelet Power Spectrum and the Cross Wavelet Coherency associated with Morlet wavelets. By using a special toolbox in MATLAB, we focus our interest on the period variable. We decompose the time-frequency effects and improve the interpretation of the results by non-expert users in the theory of wavelets. The empirical evidence shows certain instability periods and reveals various changes and breaks in the causality relationships for sample data. These variables were individually analyzed with Daubechies Wavelets to visualize high-frequency variance, seasonality, and trend. The results are included in Proceeding 20th International Academic Conference, 2015, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences (IISES), Madrid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20and%20financial%20variables" title="economic and financial variables">economic and financial variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spain" title=" Spain"> Spain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-frequency%20domain" title=" time-frequency domain"> time-frequency domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20coherency" title=" wavelet coherency"> wavelet coherency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56377/the-relationship-between-spanish-economic-variables-evidence-from-the-wavelet-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Development of a Drive Cycle Based Control Strategy for the KIIRA-EV SMACK Hybrid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Madanda">Richard Madanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Isaac%20Musasizi"> Paul Isaac Musasizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandy%20Stevens%20Tickodri-Togboa"> Sandy Stevens Tickodri-Togboa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doreen%20Orishaba"> Doreen Orishaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Tumwine"> Victor Tumwine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New vehicle concepts targeting speciﬁc geographical markets are designed to satisfy a unique set of road and load requirements. The KIIRA-EV SMACK (KES) hybrid vehicle is designed in Uganda for the East African market. The engine and generator added to the KES electric power train serve both as the range extender and the power assist. In this paper, the design consideration taken to achieve the proper management of the on-board power from the batteries and engine-generator based on the speciﬁc drive cycle are presented. To harness the fuel- efﬁciency beneﬁts of the power train, a speciﬁc control philosophy operating the engine and generator at the most efﬁcient speed- torque and speed-power regions is presented. By using a suitable model developed in MATLAB using Simulink and Stateﬂow, preliminary results show that the steady-state response of the vehicle for a particular hypothetical drive cycle mimicking the expected drive conditions in the city and highway trafﬁc is sufﬁcient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20strategy" title="control strategy">control strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drive%20cycle" title=" drive cycle"> drive cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20vehicle" title=" hybrid vehicle"> hybrid vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34204/development-of-a-drive-cycle-based-control-strategy-for-the-kiira-ev-smack-hybrid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Collaborative Online Learning for Lecturers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Bih%20Ni">Lee Bih Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emily%20Doreen%20Lee"> Emily Doreen Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wee%20Hui%20Yean"> Wee Hui Yean</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper was prepared to see the perceptions of online lectures regarding collaborative learning, in terms of how lecturers view online collaborative learning in the higher learning institution. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine the perceptions of online lectures about collaborative learning, especially how lecturers see online collaborative learning in the university. Adult learning education enhance collaborative learning culture with the target of involving learners in the learning process to make teaching and learning more effective and open at the university. This will finally make students learning that will assist each other. It is also to cut down the pressure of loneliness and isolation might felt among adult learners. Their ways in collaborative online was also determined. In this paper, researchers collect data using questionnaires instruments. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted. By analyzing the data, researchers report the results according the proof taken from the respondents. Results from the study, it is not only dependent on the lecturer but also a student to shape a good collaborative learning practice. Rational concepts and pattern to achieve these targets be clear right from the beginning and may be good seen by a number of proposals submitted and include how the higher learning institution has trained with ongoing lectures online. Advantages of online collaborative learning show that lecturers should be trained effectively. Studies have seen that the lecturer aware of online collaborative learning. This positive attitude will encourage the higher learning institution to continue to give the knowledge and skills required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20online%20learning" title="collaborative online learning">collaborative online learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lecturers%E2%80%99%20training" title=" lecturers’ training"> lecturers’ training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online" title=" online"> online</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1541/collaborative-online-learning-for-lecturers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Functionalized Nano porous Ceramic Membranes for Electrodialysis Treatment of Harsh Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emily%20Rabe">Emily Rabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Candelaria"> Stephanie Candelaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Malone"> Rachel Malone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivia%20Lenz"> Olivia Lenz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greg%20Newbloom"> Greg Newbloom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrodialysis (ED) is a well-developed technology for ion removal in a variety of applications. However, many industries generate harsh wastewater streams that are incompatible with traditional ion exchange membranes. Membrion® has developed novel ceramic-based ion exchange membranes (IEMs) offering several advantages over traditional polymer membranes: high performance in low pH, chemical resistance to oxidizers, and a rigid structure that minimizes swelling. These membranes are synthesized with our patented silane-based sol-gel techniques. The pore size, shape, and network structure are engineered through a molecular self-assembly process where thermodynamic driving forces are used to direct where and how pores form. Either cationic or anionic groups can be added within the membrane nanopore structure to create cation- and anion-exchange membranes. The ceramic IEMs are produced on a roll-to-roll manufacturing line with low-temperature processing. Membrane performance testing is conducted using in-house permselectivity, area-specific resistance, and ED stack testing setups. Ceramic-based IEMs show comparable performance to traditional IEMs and offer some unique advantages. Long exposure to highly acidic solutions has a negligible impact on ED performance. Additionally, we have observed stable performance in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. This stability is expected, as the ceramic backbone of these materials is already in a fully oxidized state. This data suggests ceramic membranes, made using sol-gel chemistry, could be an ideal solution for acidic and/or oxidizing wastewater streams from processes such as semiconductor manufacturing and mining. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange" title="ion exchange">ion exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silane%20chemistry" title=" silane chemistry"> silane chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructure" title=" nanostructure"> nanostructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163226/functionalized-nano-porous-ceramic-membranes-for-electrodialysis-treatment-of-harsh-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Effect of CYP2B6 c.516G>T and c.983T>C Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Plasma Nevirapine Levels in Zimbabwean HIV/AIDS Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doreen%20Duri">Doreen Duri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danai%20Zhou"> Danai Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babil%20Stray-Pedersen"> Babil Stray-Pedersen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Collet%20Dandara"> Collet Dandara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, and the elusive search for a cure, understanding the pharmacogenetics of currently used drugs is critical in populations from the most affected regions. Compared to Asian and Caucasian populations, African population groups are more genetically diverse, making it difficult to extrapolate findings from one ethnic group to another. This study aimed to investigate the role of genetic variation in CYP2B6 (c.516G>T and c.983T>C) single nucleotide polymorphisms on plasma nevirapine levels among HIV-infected adult Zimbabwean patients. Using a cross-sectional study, patients on nevirapine-containing HAART, having reached steady state (more than six weeks on treatment) were recruited to participate. Blood samples were collected after patients provided consent and samples were used to extract DNA for genetic analysis or to measure plasma nevirapine levels. Genetic analysis was carried out using PCR and RFLP or Snapshot for the two single nucleotide polymorphisms; CYP2B6 c.516G>T and c.983T>C, while LC-MS/MS was used in analyzing nevirapine concentration. CYP2B6 c.516G>T and c.983T>C significantly predicted plasma nevirapine concentration with the c.516T and c.983T being associated with elevated plasma nevirapine concentrations. Comparisons of the variant allele frequencies observed in this group to those reported in some African, Caucasian and Asian populations showed significant differences. We conclude that pharmacogenetics of nevirapine can be creatively used to determine patients who are likely to develop nevirapine-associated side effects as well as too low plasma concentrations for viral suppression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allele%20frequencies" title="allele frequencies">allele frequencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetically%20diverse" title=" genetically diverse"> genetically diverse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nevirapine" title=" nevirapine"> nevirapine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20nucleotide%20polymorphism" title=" single nucleotide polymorphism"> single nucleotide polymorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32617/effect-of-cyp2b6-c516gt-and-c983tc-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-on-plasma-nevirapine-levels-in-zimbabwean-hivaids-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Examining Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in New Media Strategies within Contemporary Marketing Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namirimu%20Beatrice%20Doreen">Namirimu Beatrice Doreen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in advertising, driven in part by the increasing diversity of society and the expanding reach of new media platforms. As marketers grapple with the challenge of creating campaigns that resonate with a wide range of audiences, the role of new media adoption emerges as a critical, independent variable shaping the landscape of DEI in advertising. This paper delves into the evolving dynamics of DEI in advertising, examining the multifaceted challenges and opportunities encountered by brands in their pursuit of more inclusive marketing strategies. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from marketing, sociology, and communication studies, this paper explores the intricate interplay between DEI initiatives and their impact on consumer perceptions, brand reputation, and market performance. The analysis considers how new media adoption influences the effectiveness and reach of DEI initiatives as brands leverage digital platforms to engage with diverse audiences in innovative ways. Through insightful case studies, this paper illustrates best practices and identifies areas for improvement in the realm of inclusive advertising, shedding light on the practical implications of DEI principles for marketers. By synthesizing insights from academia and industry, this paper offers actionable recommendations for marketers seeking to navigate the complexities of DEI in their advertising strategies. By embracing DEI principles and harnessing the power of new media platforms, brands can foster a more equitable and inclusive advertising landscape, ultimately enhancing their connections with diverse audiences and driving positive social change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title="diversity">diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity" title=" equity"> equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion" title=" inclusion"> inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20media" title=" new media"> new media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20marketing%20communication" title=" contemporary marketing communication"> contemporary marketing communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184723/examining-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-new-media-strategies-within-contemporary-marketing-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Evaluation of Air Movement, Humidity and Temperature Perceptions with the Occupant Satisfaction in Office Buildings in Hot and Humid Climate Regions by Means of Field Surveys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20S.%20Caetano">Diego S. Caetano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doreen%20E.%20Kalz"> Doreen E. Kalz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Louise%20L.%20B.%20Lomardo"> Louise L. B. Lomardo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luiz%20P.%20Rosa"> Luiz P. Rosa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The energy consumption in non-residential buildings in Brazil has a great impact on the national infrastructure. The growth of the energy consumption has a special role over the building cooling systems, supported by the increased people's requirements on hygrothermal comfort. This paper presents how the occupants of office buildings notice and evaluate the hygrothermic comfort regarding temperature, humidity, and air movement, considering the cooling systems presented at the buildings studied, analyzed by real occupants in areas of hot and humid climate. The paper presents results collected over a long time from 3 office buildings in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Niteroi (Brazil) in 2015 and 2016, from daily questionnaires with eight questions answered by 114 people between 3 to 5 weeks per building, twice a day (10 a.m. and 3 p.m.). The paper analyses 6 out of 8 questions, emphasizing on the perception of temperature, humidity, and air movement. Statistics analyses were made crossing participant answers and humidity and temperature data related to time high time resolution time. Analyses were made from regressions comparing: internal and external temperature, and then compared with the answers of the participants. The results were put in graphics combining statistic graphics related to temperature and air humidity with the answers of the real occupants. Analysis related to the perception of the participants to humidity and air movements were also analyzed. The hygrothermal comfort statistic model of the European standard DIN EN 15251 and that from the Brazilian standard NBR 16401 were compared taking into account the perceptions of the hygrothermal comfort of the participants, with emphasis on air humidity, taking basis on prior studies published on this same research. The studies point out a relative tolerance for higher temperatures than the ones determined by the standards, besides a variation on the participants' perception concerning air humidity. The paper presents a group of detailed information that permits to improve the quality of the buildings based on the perception of occupants of the office buildings, contributing to the energy reduction without health damages and demands of necessary hygrothermal comfort, reducing the consumption of electricity on cooling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title="thermal comfort">thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20standards" title=" energy standards"> energy standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comfort%20models" title=" comfort models"> comfort models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83193/evaluation-of-air-movement-humidity-and-temperature-perceptions-with-the-occupant-satisfaction-in-office-buildings-in-hot-and-humid-climate-regions-by-means-of-field-surveys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Women's Parliamentary Representation in Uganda: A Relative Analysis of the Pathways of Women on the Open vs. Affirmative Action Seat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doreen%20Chemutai">Doreen Chemutai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While women's parliamentary representation has increased over the years, most women contest the affirmative action seat (A.A). There is a lack of knowledge on why women prefer the affirmative seat vis- a- vis the open seat. This study argues that comparing women's path on the reserved and open seat to parliamentary representation enables us to pass judgment on why this trend continues. This paper provides a narrative analysis of women members of parliament's (MPs) trajectory in the open seat and Affirmative Action seat to parliamentary representation. Purposive sampling was used to select participants from the Northern Uganda districts of Kitgum, Pader, Oyam, Agago, and Gulu. The eight women MPs chosen for the study completed in-depth interviews exploring their qualifications, careers, and experiences before joining the political office, their party affiliation, and the kind of seat they currently occupy in the 10th parliament. Findings revealed similarities between women on the open and reserved to include; women generally irrespective of the seat they choose to contest for find it difficult to win elections because voters doubt women's effectiveness as leaders. All women as incumbents find it difficult to be re-elected because their evaluation is harsher than that for men. Findings also revealed that women representatives are motivated by their personal lived experiences, community work, educational leadership, and local leadership. The study establishes that the popularity of the party in a given geographical location and the opponents' quality will determine the success of the parliamentary candidate in question irrespective of whether one is contesting on the open or Affirmative seat. However, the study revealed differences between MPs' experiences in the quest for the parliamentary seat, females on the open seat are subjected to gender discrimination in elections by party leadership, stereotyped, and are victims of propaganda in the initial contesting stages. Women who win elections in the open seat have to be superior to their male opponents. In other circumstances where a woman emerges successful, she may be voted for due to other reasons beyond capability, such as physical appearance or sociability. On the other hand, MPs' revelations on affirmative action seats show that the political terrain is smoother despite larger constituencies. Findings show that women on the Affirmative Action seat do not move to the open seat because of the comfort associated with the seat and maintain consistency, since the constituencies doubt the motives of representatives who change from one seat to another. The study concludes that women MPs who contest on the open seat are likely to suffer structural barriers such as gender discrimination and political recruitment bias instead of women on the affirmative seat. This explains why the majority of women contest on the affirmative seat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affirmative%20action%20seats" title="affirmative action seats">affirmative action seats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20seats" title=" open seats"> open seats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parliamentary%20representation" title=" parliamentary representation"> parliamentary representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathways" title=" pathways "> pathways </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135054/womens-parliamentary-representation-in-uganda-a-relative-analysis-of-the-pathways-of-women-on-the-open-vs-affirmative-action-seat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Biodsorption as an Efficient Technology for the Removal of Phosphate, Nitrate and Sulphate Anions in Industrial Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angel%20Villabona-Ort%C3%ADz">Angel Villabona-Ortíz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Candelaria%20Tejada-Tovar"> Candelaria Tejada-Tovar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Viera-Devoz"> Andrea Viera-Devoz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wastewater treatment is an issue of vital importance in these times where the impacts of human activities are most evident, which have become essential tasks for the normal functioning of society. However, they put entire ecosystems at risk by time destroying the possibility of sustainable development. Various conventional technologies are used to remove pollutants from water. Agroindustrial waste is the product with the potential to be used as a renewable raw material for the production of energy and chemical products, and their use is beneficial since products with added value are generated from materials that were not used before. Considering the benefits that the use of residual biomass brings, this project proposes the use of agro-industrial residues from corn crops for the production of natural adsorbents whose purpose is aimed at the remediation of contaminated water bodies with large loads of nutrients. The adsorption capacity of two biomaterials obtained from the processing of corn stalks was evaluated by batch system tests. Biochar impregnated with sulfuric acid and thermally activated was synthesized. On the other hand, the cellulose was extracted from the corn stalks and chemically modified with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride in order to quaternize the surface of the adsorbent. The adsorbents obtained were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrometry with Fourier Transform (FTIR), analysis by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method (BET) and X-ray Diffraction analysis ( XRD), which showed favorable characteristics for the cellulose extraction process. Higher adsorption capacities of the nutrients were obtained with the use of biochar, with phosphate being the anion with the best removal percentages. The effect of the initial adsorbate concentration was evaluated, with which it was shown that the Freundlich isotherm better describes the adsorption process in most systems. The adsorbent-phosphate / nitrate systems fit better to the Pseudo Primer Order kinetic model, while the adsorbent-sulfate systems showed a better fit to the Pseudo second-order model, which indicates that there are both physical and chemical interactions in the process. Multicomponent adsorption tests revealed that phosphate anions have a higher affinity for both adsorbents. On the other hand, the thermodynamic parameters standard enthalpy (ΔH °) and standard entropy (ΔS °) with negative results indicate the exothermic nature of the process, whereas the ascending values of standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG °). The adsorption process of anions with biocarbon and modified cellulose is spontaneous and exothermic. The use of the evaluated biomateriles is recommended for the treatment of industrial effluents contaminated with sulfate, nitrate and phosphate anions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title=" biochar"> biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20cellulose" title=" modified cellulose"> modified cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn%20stalks" title=" corn stalks"> corn stalks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134754/biodsorption-as-an-efficient-technology-for-the-removal-of-phosphate-nitrate-and-sulphate-anions-in-industrial-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Socio-Political Crisis in the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon and the Emergence of New Cultures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doreen%20Mekunda">Doreen Mekunda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is built on the premise that the current socio-political crisis in the two restive regions of Cameroon, though enveloped with destructive and devastating trends (effects) on both property and human lives, is not without its strengths and merits. It is incontestable that many cultures, to a greater extent, are going to be destroyed as people forcibly move from war-stricken habitats to non-violent places. Many cultural potentials, traditional shrines, artifacts, art, and crafts, etc., are unknowingly or knowingly disfigured, and many other ugly things will, by the end of the crisis, affect the cultures of these two regions under siege and of the receiving population. A plethora of other problems like the persecution of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) for being displaced and blamed for increased crime rates and the existence of cultural and ethnic differences that produce both inter-tribal and interpersonal conflicts and conflicts between communities will abound. However, there is the emergence of rapid literature, and other forms of cultural productions, whether written or oral, is visible, thereby precipitating a rich cultural diversity due to the coming together of a variety of cultures of both the IDPs and the receiving populations, rapid urbanization, improvement of health-related issues, the rebirth of indigenous cultural practices, the development of social and lingua-cultural competences, dependence on alternative religions, faith and spirituality. Even financial and economic dependence, though a burden to others by IDPs, has its own merits as it improves the living standards of the IDPs. To be able to obtain plausible results, cultural materialism, which is a literary theory that hinges on the empirical study of socio-cultural systems within a materialist infrastructure-super-structure framework, is employed together with the postcolonial theory. Postcolonial theory because the study deals with postcolonial experiences/tenets of migration, hybridity, ethnicity, indignity, language, double consciousness, migration, center/margin binaries, and identity, amongst others. The study reveals that the involuntary movement of persons from their habitual homes brings about movement in cultures, thus, the emergence of new cultures. The movement of people who hold fast to their cultural heritage can only influence new forms of literature, the development of new communication competences, the rise of alternative religion, faith and spirituality, the re-emergence of customary and traditional legal systems that might have been abandoned for the new judicial systems, and above all the revitalization of traditional health care systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20religion" title="alternative religion">alternative religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergence" title=" emergence"> emergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-political%20crisis" title=" socio-political crisis"> socio-political crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirituality" title=" spirituality"> spirituality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lingua-cultural%20competences" title=" lingua-cultural competences"> lingua-cultural competences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130781/socio-political-crisis-in-the-north-west-and-south-west-regions-of-cameroon-and-the-emergence-of-new-cultures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Detection of Some Drugs of Abuse from Fingerprints Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ragaa%20T.%20Darwish">Ragaa T. Darwish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20A.%20Demellawy"> Maha A. Demellawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidy%20M.%20Megahed"> Haidy M. Megahed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doreen%20N.%20Younan"> Doreen N. Younan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wael%20S.%20Kholeif"> Wael S. Kholeif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The testing of drug abuse is authentic in order to affirm the misuse of drugs. Several analytical approaches have been developed for the detection of drugs of abuse in pharmaceutical and common biological samples, but few methodologies have been created to identify them from fingerprints. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) plays a major role in this field. The current study aimed at assessing the possibility of detection of some drugs of abuse (tramadol, clonazepam, and phenobarbital) from fingerprints using LC-MS in drug abusers. The aim was extended in order to assess the possibility of detection of the above-mentioned drugs in fingerprints of drug handlers till three days of handling the drugs. The study was conducted on randomly selected adult individuals who were either drug abusers seeking treatment at centers of drug dependence in Alexandria, Egypt or normal volunteers who were asked to handle the different studied drugs (drug handlers). An informed consent was obtained from all individuals. Participants were classified into 3 groups; control group that consisted of 50 normal individuals (neither abusing nor handling drugs), drug abuser group that consisted of 30 individuals who abused tramadol, clonazepam or phenobarbital (10 individuals for each drug) and drug handler group that consisted of 50 individuals who were touching either the powder of drugs of abuse: tramadol, clonazepam or phenobarbital (10 individuals for each drug) or the powder of the control substances which were of similar appearance (white powder) and that might be used in the adulteration of drugs of abuse: acetyl salicylic acid and acetaminophen (10 individuals for each drug). Samples were taken from the handler individuals for three consecutive days for the same individual. The diagnosis of drug abusers was based on the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders (DSM-V) and urine screening tests using immunoassay technique. Preliminary drug screening tests of urine samples were also done for drug handlers and the control groups to indicate the presence or absence of the studied drugs of abuse. Fingerprints of all participants were then taken on a filter paper previously soaked with methanol to be analyzed by LC-MS using SCIEX Triple Quad or QTRAP 5500 System. The concentration of drugs in each sample was calculated using the regression equations between concentration in ng/ml and peak area of each reference standard. All fingerprint samples from drug abusers showed positive results with LC-MS for the tested drugs, while all samples from the control individuals showed negative results. A significant difference was noted between the concentration of the drugs and the duration of abuse. Tramadol, clonazepam, and phenobarbital were also successfully detected from fingerprints of drug handlers till 3 days of handling the drugs. The mean concentration of the chosen drugs of abuse among the handlers group decreased when the days of samples intake increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drugs%20of%20abuse" title="drugs of abuse">drugs of abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fingerprints" title=" fingerprints"> fingerprints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20chromatography%E2%80%93mass%20spectrometry" title=" liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry"> liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tramadol" title=" tramadol"> tramadol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102148/detection-of-some-drugs-of-abuse-from-fingerprints-using-liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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