CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Linux range of use - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c0ba98e3-67b5-4d5b-b181-f974f6eec52a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Linux_range_of_use","wgTitle":"Linux range of use","wgCurRevisionId":1246035589,"wgRevisionId":1246035589,"wgArticleId":40817876,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2015","Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2019","Linux","Computing platforms"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Linux_range_of_use","wgRelevantArticleId":40817876,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Linux_on_the_desktop","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Linux_range_of_use#Desktop","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId": "Q1827089","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media", "ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Linux range of use - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_range_of_use#Desktop"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_range_of_use#Desktop"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Linux_range_of_use rootpage-Linux_range_of_use skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Linux+range+of+use" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Linux+range+of+use" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Linux+range+of+use" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Linux+range+of+use" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Desktop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desktop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Desktop</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Desktop-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Desktop subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Desktop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Performance_and_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_and_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Performance and applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_and_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components_and_installation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components_and_installation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Components and installation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Components_and_installation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netbooks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netbooks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Netbooks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netbooks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Servers,_mainframes_and_supercomputers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Servers,_mainframes_and_supercomputers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Servers, mainframes and supercomputers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Servers,_mainframes_and_supercomputers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smart_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smart_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Smart devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smart_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Embedded_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embedded_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Embedded devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embedded_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gaming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specialized_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialized_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Specialized uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specialized_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Specialized uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Specialized_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Home_theater_PC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_theater_PC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Home theater PC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_theater_PC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Digital security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_rescue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_rescue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>System rescue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_rescue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>In space</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Linux range of use</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="نطاق استخدام لينكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نطاق استخدام لينكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-Einsatzbereiche" title="Linux-Einsatzbereiche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linux-Einsatzbereiche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1827089#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Linux_range_of_use" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Linux_range_of_use" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Linux_range_of_use"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Linux_range_of_use"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Linux_range_of_use" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Linux_range_of_use" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&oldid=1246035589" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Linux_range_of_use&id=1246035589&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLinux_range_of_use%23Desktop"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLinux_range_of_use%23Desktop"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Linux_range_of_use&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1827089" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_on_the_desktop&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux on the desktop">Linux on the desktop</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of Linux' uses</div> <p>Besides the <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a> designed for general-purpose use on desktops and servers, distributions may be specialized for different purposes including <a href="/wiki/Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">computer architecture</a> support, <a href="/wiki/Embedded_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded Linux">embedded systems</a>, stability, security, localization to a specific region or language, targeting of specific user groups, support for <a href="/wiki/Real-time_computing" title="Real-time computing">real-time</a> applications, or commitment to a given desktop environment. Furthermore, some distributions deliberately include only <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>. As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, over four hundred Linux distributions are actively developed, with about a dozen distributions being most popular for general-purpose use.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Desktop">Desktop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Desktop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_and_open-source-software_display_servers_and_UI_toolkits.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Free_and_open-source-software_display_servers_and_UI_toolkits.svg/500px-Free_and_open-source-software_display_servers_and_UI_toolkits.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Free_and_open-source-software_display_servers_and_UI_toolkits.svg/750px-Free_and_open-source-software_display_servers_and_UI_toolkits.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Free_and_open-source-software_display_servers_and_UI_toolkits.svg/1000px-Free_and_open-source-software_display_servers_and_UI_toolkits.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1573" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Visible software components of the Linux desktop stack include the <a href="/wiki/Display_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Display server">display server</a>, <a href="/wiki/Widget_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Widget engine">widget engines</a>, and some of the more widespread <a href="/wiki/Widget_toolkit" title="Widget toolkit">widget toolkits</a>. There are also components not directly visible to end-users, including <a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a> and <a href="/wiki/PulseAudio" title="PulseAudio">PulseAudio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">Desktop environment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux_adoption#DESKTOP" title="Linux adoption">Linux adoption: Measuring desktop adoption</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_desktop_Linux" title="Criticism of desktop Linux">Criticism of desktop Linux</a></div> <p>The popularity of Linux on standard desktop computers and laptops has been increasing over the years.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most modern distributions include a graphical user environment, with, as of February 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the three most popular environments being the <a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_Desktop" class="mw-redirect" title="KDE Plasma Desktop">KDE Plasma Desktop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a> and <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No single official Linux desktop exists: rather desktop environments and Linux distributions select components from a pool of <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> with which they construct a GUI implementing some more or less strict design guide. GNOME, for example, has its <a href="/wiki/Human_interface_guidelines" title="Human interface guidelines">human interface guidelines</a> as a design guide, which gives the <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93machine_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Human–machine interface">human–machine interface</a> an important role, not just when doing the graphical design, but also when considering people with <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disabilities</a>, and even when focusing on security.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The collaborative nature of free software development allows distributed teams to perform <a href="/wiki/Language_localisation" title="Language localisation">language localization</a> of some Linux distributions for use in locales where localizing proprietary systems would not be cost-effective. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinhalese language">Sinhalese language</a> version of the <a href="/wiki/Knoppix" title="Knoppix">Knoppix</a> distribution became available significantly before Microsoft translated <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> into Sinhalese.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case the <a href="/wiki/Lanka_Linux_User_Group" title="Lanka Linux User Group">Lanka Linux User Group</a> played a major part in developing the localized system by combining the knowledge of university professors, <a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">linguists</a>, and local developers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance_and_applications">Performance and applications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Performance and applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The performance of Linux on the desktop has been a controversial topic;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example in 2007 <a href="/wiki/Con_Kolivas" title="Con Kolivas">Con Kolivas</a> accused the Linux community of favoring performance on servers. He quit Linux kernel development out of frustration with this lack of focus on the desktop, and then gave a "tell all" interview on the topic.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then a significant amount of development has focused on improving the desktop experience. Projects such as <a href="/wiki/Systemd" title="Systemd">systemd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upstart_(software)" title="Upstart (software)">Upstart</a> (deprecated in 2014) aim for a faster boot time; the Wayland and Mir projects aim at replacing <a href="/wiki/X11" class="mw-redirect" title="X11">X11</a> while enhancing desktop performance, security and appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many popular applications are available for a wide variety of operating systems. For example, <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a>, <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blender_(software)" title="Blender (software)">Blender</a> have downloadable versions for all major operating systems. Furthermore, some applications initially developed for Linux, such as <a href="/wiki/Pidgin_(software)" title="Pidgin (software)">Pidgin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a>, were ported to other operating systems (including <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>) due to their popularity. In addition, a growing number of proprietary desktop applications are also supported on Linux,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Maya_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya (software)">Autodesk Maya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuke_(software)" title="Nuke (software)">The Foundry's Nuke</a> in the high-end field of animation and visual effects; see the list of proprietary software for Linux for more details. There are also <a href="/wiki/Linux_gaming#Proprietary_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux gaming">several companies</a> that have ported their own or other companies' games to Linux, with Linux also being a supported platform on both the <a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desura" title="Desura">Desura</a> digital-distribution services.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many other types of applications available for Microsoft Windows and macOS also run on Linux. Commonly, either a <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> application will exist which does the functions of an application found on another operating system, or that application will have a version that works on Linux, such as with <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Linux_gaming#Proprietary_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux gaming">video games</a> like <i><a href="/wiki/Dota_2" title="Dota 2">Dota 2</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Team_Fortress_2" title="Team Fortress 2">Team Fortress 2</a></i>. Furthermore, the <a href="/wiki/Wine_(software)" title="Wine (software)">Wine</a> project provides a Windows compatibility layer to run unmodified Windows applications on Linux. It is sponsored by commercial interests including <a href="/wiki/CodeWeavers" title="CodeWeavers">CodeWeavers</a>, which produces a commercial version of the software. Since 2009, Google has also provided funding to the Wine project.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CrossOver" class="mw-redirect" title="CrossOver">CrossOver</a>, a proprietary solution based on the open-source Wine project, supports running Windows versions of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a> applications such as <a href="/wiki/Quicken" title="Quicken">Quicken</a> and <a href="/wiki/QuickBooks" title="QuickBooks">QuickBooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a> versions through CS2, and many games such as <i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Warcraft" title="World of Warcraft">World of Warcraft</a></i>. In other cases, where there is no Linux port of some software in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Professional_audio" title="Professional audio">professional audio</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is equivalent software available on Linux. It is also possible to run applications written for <a href="/wiki/Android_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Android OS">Android</a> on other versions of Linux using <a href="/wiki/Anbox" title="Anbox">Anbox</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Components_and_installation">Components and installation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Components and installation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides externally visible components, such as <a href="/wiki/X_window_manager" title="X window manager">X window managers</a>, a non-obvious but quite central role is played by the programs hosted by <a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a> or <a href="/wiki/PulseAudio" title="PulseAudio">PulseAudio</a>; both major desktop environments (GNOME and KDE) include them, each offering graphical front-ends written using the corresponding toolkit (<a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> or <a href="/wiki/Qt_(framework)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qt (framework)">Qt</a>). A <a href="/wiki/Display_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Display server">display server</a> is another component, which for the longest time has been communicating in the X11 display server protocol with its clients; prominent software talking X11 includes the <a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">X.Org Server</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xlib" title="Xlib">Xlib</a>. Frustration over the cumbersome X11 core protocol, and especially over its numerous extensions, has led to the creation of a new display server protocol, <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server protocol)">Wayland</a>. </p><p>Installing, updating and removing software in Linux is typically done through the use of package managers such as the <a href="/wiki/Synaptic_Package_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Synaptic Package Manager">Synaptic Package Manager</a>, <a href="/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit">PackageKit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_dog_Updater,_Modified" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow dog Updater, Modified">Yum Extender</a>. While most major Linux distributions have extensive repositories, often containing tens of thousands of packages, not all the software that can run on Linux is available from the official repositories. Alternatively, users can install packages from unofficial repositories, download pre-compiled packages directly from websites, or compile the source code by themselves. All these methods come with different degrees of difficulty; compiling the source code is in general considered a challenging process for new Linux users, but it is hardly needed in modern distributions and is not a method specific to Linux. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Samples of graphical desktop interfaces</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_Shell_40_(applications_grid).png" class="mw-file-description" title="GNOME"><img alt="GNOME" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/GNOME_Shell_40_%28applications_grid%29.png/120px-GNOME_Shell_40_%28applications_grid%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/GNOME_Shell_40_%28applications_grid%29.png/180px-GNOME_Shell_40_%28applications_grid%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/GNOME_Shell_40_%28applications_grid%29.png/240px-GNOME_Shell_40_%28applications_grid%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KDE_Plasma_5.21_Breeze_Twilight_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description" title="KDE Plasma 5"><img alt="KDE Plasma 5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/KDE_Plasma_5.21_Breeze_Twilight_screenshot.png/120px-KDE_Plasma_5.21_Breeze_Twilight_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/KDE_Plasma_5.21_Breeze_Twilight_screenshot.png/180px-KDE_Plasma_5.21_Breeze_Twilight_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/KDE_Plasma_5.21_Breeze_Twilight_screenshot.png/240px-KDE_Plasma_5.21_Breeze_Twilight_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_5" title="KDE Plasma 5">KDE Plasma 5</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cinnamon_4.2.3_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cinnamon"><img alt="Cinnamon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cinnamon_4.2.3_screenshot.png/120px-Cinnamon_4.2.3_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cinnamon_4.2.3_screenshot.png/180px-Cinnamon_4.2.3_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cinnamon_4.2.3_screenshot.png/240px-Cinnamon_4.2.3_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_(desktop_environment)" title="Cinnamon (desktop environment)">Cinnamon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="MATE (software)"><img alt="MATE (software)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png/120px-Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png/180px-Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png/240px-Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/MATE_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="MATE (software)">MATE (software)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elementary_OS_%22Odin%22.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pantheon"><img alt="Pantheon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Elementary_OS_%22Odin%22.png/120px-Elementary_OS_%22Odin%22.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Elementary_OS_%22Odin%22.png/180px-Elementary_OS_%22Odin%22.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Elementary_OS_%22Odin%22.png/240px-Elementary_OS_%22Odin%22.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(desktop_environment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantheon (desktop environment)">Pantheon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solus_Budgie_4.3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Budgie"><img alt="Budgie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Solus_Budgie_4.3.jpg/120px-Solus_Budgie_4.3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Solus_Budgie_4.3.jpg/180px-Solus_Budgie_4.3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Solus_Budgie_4.3.jpg/240px-Solus_Budgie_4.3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Budgie_(desktop_environment)" title="Budgie (desktop environment)">Budgie</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Xfce"><img alt="Xfce" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png/120px-XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png/180px-XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png/240px-XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_16.04_Desktop.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Unity"><img alt="Unity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ubuntu_16.04_Desktop.png/120px-Ubuntu_16.04_Desktop.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ubuntu_16.04_Desktop.png/180px-Ubuntu_16.04_Desktop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ubuntu_16.04_Desktop.png/240px-Ubuntu_16.04_Desktop.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Unity_(user_interface)" title="Unity (user interface)">Unity</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubuntu_13.04_English.png" class="mw-file-description" title="LXDE"><img alt="LXDE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lubuntu_13.04_English.png/120px-Lubuntu_13.04_English.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lubuntu_13.04_English.png/180px-Lubuntu_13.04_English.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lubuntu_13.04_English.png/240px-Lubuntu_13.04_English.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/LXDE" title="LXDE">LXDE</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LXQt_0.10_-_Ambiance.png" class="mw-file-description" title="LXQt"><img alt="LXQt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/LXQt_0.10_-_Ambiance.png/120px-LXQt_0.10_-_Ambiance.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/LXQt_0.10_-_Ambiance.png/180px-LXQt_0.10_-_Ambiance.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/LXQt_0.10_-_Ambiance.png/240px-LXQt_0.10_-_Ambiance.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/LXQt" title="LXQt">LXQt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I3-gaps-wiki.png" class="mw-file-description" title="i3"><img alt="i3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/I3-gaps-wiki.png/120px-I3-gaps-wiki.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/I3-gaps-wiki.png/180px-I3-gaps-wiki.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/I3-gaps-wiki.png/240px-I3-gaps-wiki.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/I3_(window_manager)" title="I3 (window manager)">i3</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:E17_bw_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Enlightenment"><img alt="Enlightenment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/E17_bw_screenshot.png/120px-E17_bw_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/E17_bw_screenshot.png/180px-E17_bw_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/E17_bw_screenshot.png/240px-E17_bw_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_(window_manager)" title="Enlightenment (window manager)">Enlightenment</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fluxbox.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Fluxbox"><img alt="Fluxbox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fluxbox.png/120px-Fluxbox.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fluxbox.png/180px-Fluxbox.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fluxbox.png/240px-Fluxbox.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fluxbox" title="Fluxbox">Fluxbox</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sugar"><img alt="Sugar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg/120px-Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg/180px-Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg/240px-Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sugar_(desktop_environment)" title="Sugar (desktop environment)">Sugar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Screenshot_of_Trinity_Desktop_Environment_(TDE)_R14.0.5_Development.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Trinity"><img alt="Trinity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Screenshot_of_Trinity_Desktop_Environment_%28TDE%29_R14.0.5_Development.png/120px-Screenshot_of_Trinity_Desktop_Environment_%28TDE%29_R14.0.5_Development.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Screenshot_of_Trinity_Desktop_Environment_%28TDE%29_R14.0.5_Development.png/180px-Screenshot_of_Trinity_Desktop_Environment_%28TDE%29_R14.0.5_Development.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Screenshot_of_Trinity_Desktop_Environment_%28TDE%29_R14.0.5_Development.png/240px-Screenshot_of_Trinity_Desktop_Environment_%28TDE%29_R14.0.5_Development.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_(desktop_environment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity (desktop environment)">Trinity</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CDE_Application_Builder.png" class="mw-file-description" title="CDE"><img alt="CDE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CDE_Application_Builder.png/120px-CDE_Application_Builder.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CDE_Application_Builder.png/180px-CDE_Application_Builder.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CDE_Application_Builder.png/240px-CDE_Application_Builder.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Common_Desktop_Environment" title="Common Desktop Environment">CDE</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Netbooks">Netbooks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Netbooks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Linux distributions have also become popular in the <a href="/wiki/Netbook" title="Netbook">netbook</a> market, with many devices such as the <a href="/wiki/Asus_Eee_PC" title="Asus Eee PC">Asus Eee PC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aspire_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspire One">Acer Aspire One</a> shipping with customized Linux distributions installed.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Google announced its <a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a> as a minimal Linux-based operating system, using the <a href="/wiki/Chrome_browser" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrome browser">Chrome browser</a> as the main user interface. ChromeOS initially did not run any non-web applications, except for the bundled file manager and media player. Netbooks that shipped with the operating system, termed <a href="/wiki/Chromebooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromebooks">Chromebooks</a>, started appearing on the market in June 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2015 Chromebooks with large screens were available, and also in other forms factors such as laptop, desktop, tablet and all-in-one. <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> applications support was added.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2018, Google added the ability to install any Linux software in a container,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enabling ChromeOS to be used like any other Linux distribution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Servers,_mainframes_and_supercomputers"><span id="Servers.2C_mainframes_and_supercomputers"></span>Servers, mainframes and supercomputers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Servers, mainframes and supercomputers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LAMP_software_bundle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LAMP_software_bundle.svg/500px-LAMP_software_bundle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LAMP_software_bundle.svg/750px-LAMP_software_bundle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LAMP_software_bundle.svg/1000px-LAMP_software_bundle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Broad overview of the <a href="/wiki/LAMP_(software_bundle)" title="LAMP (software bundle)">LAMP software bundle</a>, displayed here together with <a href="/wiki/Squid_(software)" title="Squid (software)">Squid</a>. A high-performance and high-availability web server solution providing security in a hostile environment.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a> have long been used as <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a> operating systems, and have risen to prominence in that area; <a href="/wiki/Netcraft" title="Netcraft">Netcraft</a> reported in September 2006, that eight of the ten (other two with "unknown" OS) most reliable internet hosting companies ran Linux distributions on their <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web servers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Linux in the top position. In June 2008, Linux distributions represented five of the top ten, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> three of ten, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> two of ten;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since February 2010, Linux distributions represented six of the top ten, FreeBSD three of ten, and Microsoft one of ten,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Linux in the top position. </p><p>Linux distributions are the cornerstone of the <a href="/wiki/LAMP_(software_bundle)" title="LAMP (software bundle)">LAMP</a> server-software combination (Linux, <a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache</a>, <a href="/wiki/MariaDB" title="MariaDB">MariaDB</a>/<a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>/<a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>) which is one of the more common platforms for website hosting.<sup id="cite_ref-SecuritySpace_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SecuritySpace-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linux distributions have become increasingly common on <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframes</a>, partly due to pricing and the open-source model.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2009, computer giant <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> reported that it would predominantly market and sell mainframe-based Enterprise Linux Server.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Register_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Register-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/LinuxCon" class="mw-redirect" title="LinuxCon">LinuxCon North America 2015</a>, IBM announced <a href="/wiki/LinuxONE" class="mw-redirect" title="LinuxONE">LinuxONE</a>, a series of mainframes specifically designed to run Linux and open-source software.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linux distributions are also dominant as <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> for <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rules_supercomputers_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rules_supercomputers-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of November 2017, all supercomputers on the <a href="/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500">500</a> list run some variant of Linux.<sup id="cite_ref-top500stats_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top500stats-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smart_devices">Smart devices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Smart devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samsung_Galaxy_Note_series_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Samsung_Galaxy_Note_series_2.jpg/220px-Samsung_Galaxy_Note_series_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Samsung_Galaxy_Note_series_2.jpg/330px-Samsung_Galaxy_Note_series_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Samsung_Galaxy_Note_series_2.jpg/440px-Samsung_Galaxy_Note_series_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Android smartphones</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tesla_Model_S_digital_panels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tesla_Model_S_digital_panels.jpg/150px-Tesla_Model_S_digital_panels.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tesla_Model_S_digital_panels.jpg/225px-Tesla_Model_S_digital_panels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tesla_Model_S_digital_panels.jpg/300px-Tesla_Model_S_digital_panels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/In-car_entertainment" title="In-car entertainment">In-car entertainment</a> system of the <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_S" title="Tesla Model S">Tesla Model S</a> is based on <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Several operating systems for <a href="/wiki/Smart_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart devices">smart devices</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Home_automation" title="Home automation">home automation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">smart TVs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> and <a href="/wiki/LG" title="LG">LG</a> <a href="/wiki/Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">Smart TVs</a> use <a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a> and <a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">WebOS</a>, respectively),<sup id="cite_ref-Linux_Smart_TVs_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linux_Smart_TVs-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/In-vehicle_infotainment" class="mw-redirect" title="In-vehicle infotainment">in-vehicle infotainment</a> (IVI) systems<sup id="cite_ref-Linux_cars_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linux_cars-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (for example <a href="/wiki/Automotive_Grade_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive Grade Linux">Automotive Grade Linux</a>), are based on Linux. Major platforms for such systems include <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mer_(software_distribution)" title="Mer (software distribution)">Mer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a>. </p><p>Based on web use, Android's <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems" title="Usage share of operating systems">usage share of operating systems</a> dominates globally, with almost double the marketshare of Microsoft Windows. As of September 2024 it has 45.4% of the global market, followed by Windows with less than 25.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Android is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel, commentators disagree on whether the term "Linux distribution" applies to it, and whether it is "Linux" according to the common usage of the term. Android is a <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distribution</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google's open-source chief <a href="/wiki/Chris_DiBona" title="Chris DiBona">Chris DiBona</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others, such as Google engineer Patrick Brady, say that Android is not Linux in the traditional <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> Linux distribution sense; Android does not include the <a href="/wiki/GNU_C_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU C Library">GNU C Library</a> (it uses <a href="/wiki/Bionic_(software)" title="Bionic (software)">Bionic</a> as an alternative C library) and some other components typically found in Linux distributions.<sup id="cite_ref-ars_introduction_developer_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ars_introduction_developer-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i> wrote that "Although Android is built on top of the Linux kernel, the platform has very little in common with the conventional desktop Linux stack".<sup id="cite_ref-ars_introduction_developer_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ars_introduction_developer-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cellphones and PDAs running Linux on open-source platforms became more common from 2007; examples include the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_N810" title="Nokia N810">Nokia N810</a>, <a href="/wiki/Openmoko" title="Openmoko">Openmoko</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Neo1973" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo1973">Neo1973</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Motorola_ROKR_E8" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorola ROKR E8">Motorola ROKR E8</a>. Continuing the trend, <a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm</a> (later acquired by <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a>) produced a new Linux-derived operating system, <a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">webOS</a>, which is built into its line of <a href="/wiki/Palm_Pre" title="Palm Pre">Palm Pre</a> smartphones. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a>, one of the earliest mobile operating systems, was based on <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later merged with <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Moblin" title="Moblin">Moblin</a>, another Linux-based operating system, to form <a href="/wiki/MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was later terminated in favor of Tizen, an operating system targeted at mobile devices as well as IVI. Tizen is a project within <a href="/wiki/The_Linux_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Linux Foundation">The Linux Foundation</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> products are already running Tizen, <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Gear_2" title="Samsung Gear 2">Samsung Gear 2</a> being the most significant example.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Z" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Z">Samsung Z</a> smartphones will use Tizen instead of Android.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of MeeGo's termination, the Mer project forked the MeeGo codebase to create a basis for mobile-oriented operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2012, <a href="/wiki/Jolla" title="Jolla">Jolla</a> announced <a href="/wiki/Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a>, their own mobile operating system built upon Mer technology. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pine-pinephone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pine-pinephone.jpg/110px-Pine-pinephone.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pine-pinephone.jpg/165px-Pine-pinephone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pine-pinephone.jpg/220px-Pine-pinephone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/PinePhone" title="PinePhone">PinePhone</a> running <a href="/wiki/Plasma_Mobile" title="Plasma Mobile">Plasma Mobile</a> on <a href="/wiki/PostmarketOS" title="PostmarketOS">postmarketOS</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla's</a> Firefox OS consists of the Linux kernel, a <a href="/wiki/Hardware_abstraction_layer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardware abstraction layer">hardware abstraction layer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">web-standards</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Runtime_system" title="Runtime system">runtime environment</a> and user interface, and an integrated <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Canonical_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Ltd.">Canonical</a> has released <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a>, aiming to bring convergence to the user experience on this mobile operating system and its desktop counterpart, <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (operating system)">Ubuntu</a>. The operating system also provides a full Ubuntu desktop when connected to an external monitor.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Librem_5" title="Librem 5">Librem 5</a> is a smartphone developed by <a href="/wiki/Purism_(company)" title="Purism (company)">Purism</a>. By default, it runs the company-made Linux-based <a href="/wiki/PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a>, but it can also run other Linux distributions.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Ubuntu Touch, PureOS is designed with convergence in mind, allowing desktop programs to run on the smartphone. An example of this is the desktop version of <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another smartphone is the <a href="/wiki/PinePhone" title="PinePhone">PinePhone</a>, made by the computer manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Pine64" title="Pine64">Pine64</a>. The PinePhone can run a variety of Linux-based operating systems such as Ubuntu Touch and <a href="/wiki/PostmarketOS" title="PostmarketOS">postmarketOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Embedded_devices">Embedded devices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Embedded devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Embedded_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded Linux">Embedded Linux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux devices">Linux devices</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linksys-Wireless-G-Router.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Linksys-Wireless-G-Router.jpg/270px-Linksys-Wireless-G-Router.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Linksys-Wireless-G-Router.jpg/405px-Linksys-Wireless-G-Router.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Linksys-Wireless-G-Router.jpg/540px-Linksys-Wireless-G-Router.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption> A ubiquitous <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">router</a> running on the Linux kernel</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to its low cost and ease of customization, <a href="/wiki/Embedded_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded Linux">Linux</a> is often used in <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded systems</a>. In the non-mobile telecommunications equipment sector, the majority of <a href="/wiki/Customer-premises_equipment" title="Customer-premises equipment">customer-premises equipment</a> (CPE) hardware runs some Linux-based operating system. <a href="/wiki/OpenWrt" title="OpenWrt">OpenWrt</a> is a community-driven example upon which many of the OEM firmware releases are based. </p><p>For example, the <a href="/wiki/TiVo" title="TiVo">TiVo</a> digital video recorder also uses a customized Linux,<sup id="cite_ref-tivo_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tivo-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as do several network <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">firewalls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">routers</a> from such makers as <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>/<a href="/wiki/Linksys" title="Linksys">Linksys</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Korg_OASYS" title="Korg OASYS">Korg OASYS</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Korg_KRONOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Korg KRONOS">Korg KRONOS</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Motif#Motif_XS" title="Yamaha Motif">Yamaha Motif XS</a>/Motif XF <a href="/wiki/Music_workstation" title="Music workstation">music workstations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yamaha S90XS/S70XS, Yamaha MOX6/MOX8 synthesizers, Yamaha Motif-Rack XS <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">tone generator module</a>, and Roland RD-700GX <a href="/wiki/Digital_piano" title="Digital piano">digital piano</a> also run Linux. Linux is also used in <a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">stage lighting</a> control systems, such as the WholeHogIII console.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gaming">Gaming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gaming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Linux_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux gaming">Linux gaming</a></div> <p>In the past, there were few games available for Linux. In recent years, more games have been released with support for Linux (especially <a href="/wiki/Indie_game" title="Indie game">Indie games</a>), with the exception of a few <a href="/wiki/AAA_(video_game_industry)" title="AAA (video game industry)">AAA title</a> games. <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, a mobile platform which uses the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>, has gained much developer interest and is one of the main platforms for mobile game development along with <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> operating system by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> for <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> devices. </p><p>On February 14, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve</a> released a Linux version of <a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a>, a gaming distribution platform on PC.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Steam games were ported to Linux.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 13, 2013, Valve released <a href="/wiki/SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a>, a gaming-oriented OS based on Debian, for <a href="/wiki/Beta_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta testing">beta testing</a>, and had plans to ship <a href="/wiki/Steam_Machine_(hardware_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam Machine (hardware platform)">Steam Machines</a> as a gaming and entertainment platform.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valve has also developed <a href="/wiki/VOGL" title="VOGL">VOGL</a>, an <a href="/wiki/OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</a> debugger intended to aid video game development,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as porting its <a href="/wiki/Source_(game_engine)" title="Source (game engine)">Source</a> game engine to desktop Linux.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of Valve's effort, several prominent games such as <i><a href="/wiki/Dota_2" title="Dota 2">DotA 2</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Team_Fortress_2" title="Team Fortress 2">Team Fortress 2</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Portal_(video_game)" title="Portal (video game)">Portal</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Portal_2" title="Portal 2">Portal 2</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Left_4_Dead_2" title="Left 4 Dead 2">Left 4 Dead 2</a></i> are now natively available on desktop Linux. </p><p>On July 31, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> released <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_Shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Nvidia Shield">Shield</a> as an attempt to use Android as a specialized gaming platform.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Linux users play Windows-based games using <a href="/wiki/Wine_(software)" title="Wine (software)">Wine</a> or <a href="/wiki/CrossOver_(software)" title="CrossOver (software)">CrossOver Linux</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steam_Deck_(front).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Steam_Deck_%28front%29.png/220px-Steam_Deck_%28front%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Steam_Deck_%28front%29.png/330px-Steam_Deck_%28front%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Steam_Deck_%28front%29.png/440px-Steam_Deck_%28front%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Steam Deck, a handheld gaming console running Linux-based operating system</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 22, 2018, Valve released their own fork of Wine called <a href="/wiki/Proton_(compatibility_layer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton (compatibility layer)">Proton</a>, aimed at gaming. It features some improvements over the vanilla Wine such as Vulkan-based DirectX 11 and 12 implementations, Steam integration, better full screen and game controller support and improved performance for multi-threaded games.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, ProtonDB, an online aggregator of games supporting Linux, stated that 78% of the top thousand games on Steam were able to run on Linux using either <a href="/wiki/Proton_(software)" title="Proton (software)">Proton</a> or a native port.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 25, 2022, Valve released <a href="/wiki/Steam_Deck" title="Steam Deck">Steam Deck</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">handheld gaming console</a> running <a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a>-based operating system SteamOS 3.0.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specialized_uses">Specialized uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Specialized uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the flexibility, customizability and free and open-source nature of Linux, it becomes possible to highly tailor Linux towards a specific purpose. There are two main methods to assemble a specialized Linux distribution: building from scratch or from a general-purpose distribution as a base. The distributions often used for this purpose include <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fedora_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedora (operating system)">Fedora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (operating system)">Ubuntu</a> (which is itself based on Debian), <a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slackware" title="Slackware">Slackware</a>. In contrast, Linux distributions built from scratch do not have general-purpose bases; instead, they focus on the <a href="/wiki/JeOS" class="mw-redirect" title="JeOS">JeOS</a> philosophy by including only necessary components and avoiding <a href="/wiki/System_resource" title="System resource">resource</a> overhead caused by components considered redundant in the distribution's use cases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_theater_PC">Home theater PC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Home theater PC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Home_theater_PC" title="Home theater PC">home theater PC</a> (HTPC) is a PC that is mainly used as an entertainment system, especially a <a href="/wiki/Home_theater_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Home theater system">home theater system</a>. It is normally connected to a television, and often an additional audio system. </p><p><a href="/wiki/OpenELEC" title="OpenELEC">OpenELEC</a>, a Linux distribution that incorporates the media center software <a href="/wiki/Kodi_(software)" title="Kodi (software)">Kodi</a>, is an OS tuned specifically for an HTPC. Having been built from the ground up adhering to the JeOS principle, the OS is very lightweight and very suitable for the confined usage range of an HTPC. </p><p>There are also special editions of Linux distributions that include the <a href="/wiki/MythTV" title="MythTV">MythTV</a> media center software, such as <a href="/wiki/Mythbuntu" title="Mythbuntu">Mythbuntu</a>, a special edition of Ubuntu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_security">Digital security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Digital security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kali_Linux" title="Kali Linux">Kali Linux</a> is a Debian-based Linux distribution designed for <a href="/wiki/Digital_forensics" title="Digital forensics">digital forensics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penetration_test" title="Penetration test">penetration testing</a>. It comes preinstalled with several software applications for penetration testing and identifying <a href="/wiki/Exploit_(computer_security)" title="Exploit (computer security)">security exploits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ubuntu derivative <a href="/wiki/BackBox" title="BackBox">BackBox</a> provides pre-installed security and network analysis tools for ethical hacking. <br />The Arch-based <a href="/wiki/BlackArch" title="BlackArch">BlackArch</a> includes over 2100 tools for pentesting and security researching.<sup id="cite_ref-blackarch_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackarch-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many Linux distributions created with privacy, secrecy, network anonymity and information security in mind, including <a href="/wiki/Tails_(operating_system)" title="Tails (operating system)">Tails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin_Hat_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin Hat Linux">Tin Hat Linux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tinfoil_Hat_Linux" title="Tinfoil Hat Linux">Tinfoil Hat Linux</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Portable_Security" title="Lightweight Portable Security">Lightweight Portable Security</a> is a distribution based on Arch Linux and developed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>. Tor-ramdisk is a minimal distribution created solely to host the network anonymity software <a href="/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor (anonymity network)">Tor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="System_rescue">System rescue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: System rescue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Linux <a href="/wiki/Live_CD" title="Live CD">Live CD</a> sessions have long been used as a tool for recovering data from a broken computer system and for repairing the system. Building upon that idea, several Linux distributions tailored for this purpose have emerged, most of which use <a href="/wiki/GParted" title="GParted">GParted</a> as a partition editor, with additional data recovery and system repair software: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gparted_live" class="mw-redirect" title="Gparted live">GParted Live</a> –  a Debian-based distribution developed by the GParted project.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parted_Magic" title="Parted Magic">Parted Magic</a> –  a commercial Linux distribution.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SystemRescueCD" class="mw-redirect" title="SystemRescueCD">SystemRescueCD</a> –  an Arch-based distribution with support for editing Windows <a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">registry</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_space">In space</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In space"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> uses multiple redundant <a href="/wiki/Category:Avionics_computers" title="Category:Avionics computers">flight computers</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Fault-tolerant_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault-tolerant design">fault-tolerant design</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> rocket. Each Merlin engine is controlled by three <a href="/wiki/Voting_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting logic">voting</a> computers, with two physical processors per computer that constantly check each other's operation. Linux is not inherently fault-tolerant (no operating system is, as it is a function of the whole system including the hardware), but the flight computer software makes it so for its purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-aw20121118_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aw20121118-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For flexibility, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_off-the-shelf" title="Commercial off-the-shelf">commercial off-the-shelf</a> parts and system-wide "radiation-tolerant" design are used instead of <a href="/wiki/Radiation_hardened" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation hardened">radiation hardened</a> parts.<sup id="cite_ref-aw20121118_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aw20121118-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of July 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, SpaceX has conducted over <a href="/wiki/List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches" title="List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches">76 launches</a> of the Falcon 9 since 2010, out of which all but one have successfully delivered their primary payloads to the intended <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a>, and has used it to transport astronauts to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>. The <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2</a> crew capsule also uses Linux.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Windows was deployed as the operating system on non-mission critical laptops used on the space station, but it was later replaced with Linux. <a href="/wiki/Robonaut#Robonaut_2" title="Robonaut">Robonaut 2</a>, the first humanoid robot in space, is also Linux-based.<sup id="cite_ref-LinuxMigration_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LinuxMigration-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> has used Linux for a number of years "to help with projects relating to the construction of unmanned space flight and deep space exploration"; <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> uses Linux in robotics in the Mars rover, and <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (operating system)">Ubuntu</a> Linux to "save data from satellites".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Linux distributions have been created to provide hands-on experience with coding and source code to students, on devices such as the <a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a>. In addition to producing a practical device, the intention is to show students "how things work under the hood".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ubuntu derivatives <a href="/wiki/Edubuntu" title="Edubuntu">Edubuntu</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Linux_Schools_Project" title="The Linux Schools Project">The Linux Schools Project</a>, as well as the Debian derivative Skolelinux, provide education-oriented software packages. They also include tools for administering and building school computer labs and computer-based classrooms, such as the <a href="/wiki/Linux_Terminal_Server_Project" title="Linux Terminal Server Project">Linux Terminal Server Project</a> (LTSP). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Instant WebKiosk and <a href="/wiki/Webconverger" title="Webconverger">Webconverger</a> are browser-based Linux distributions often used in web <a href="/wiki/Interactive_kiosk" title="Interactive kiosk">kiosks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_signage" title="Digital signage">digital signage</a>. Thinstation is a minimalist distribution designed for <a href="/wiki/Thin_client" title="Thin client">thin clients</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rocks_Cluster_Distribution" title="Rocks Cluster Distribution">Rocks Cluster Distribution</a> is tailored for <a href="/wiki/HPCC" title="HPCC">high-performance computing clusters</a>. </p><p>There are general-purpose Linux distributions that target a specific audience, such as users of a specific language or geographical area. Such examples include <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Kylin" title="Ubuntu Kylin">Ubuntu Kylin</a> for Chinese language users and BlankOn targeted at Indonesians. Profession-specific distributions include <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Studio" title="Ubuntu Studio">Ubuntu Studio</a> for media creation and DNALinux for <a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a>. There is also a Muslim-oriented distribution of the name <a href="/wiki/Sabily" title="Sabily">Sabily</a> that consequently also provides some Islamic tools. Certain organizations use slightly specialized Linux distributions internally, including <a href="/wiki/GendBuntu" title="GendBuntu">GendBuntu</a> used by the French <a href="/wiki/National_Gendarmerie" title="National Gendarmerie">National Gendarmerie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goobuntu" title="Goobuntu">Goobuntu</a> used internally by Google, and <a href="/wiki/Astra_Linux" title="Astra Linux">Astra Linux</a> developed specifically for the Russian army. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_on_Apple_devices" title="Linux on Apple devices">Linux on Apple devices</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Distributions/">"The LWN.net Linux Distribution List"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315001510/http://lwn.net/Distributions/">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+LWN.net+Linux+Distribution+List&rft.pub=LWN.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2FDistributions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100104211518/http://www.linux.org/info/index.html">What is Linux.</a> Archived at Wayback Engine. Retrieved August 26, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cio.com/article/2881172/survey-says-kde-plasma-is-the-most-popular-desktop-linux-environment.html">"Survey says: KDE Plasma is the most popular desktop Linux environment"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106190011/http://www.cio.com/article/2881172/survey-says-kde-plasma-is-the-most-popular-desktop-linux-environment.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Survey+says%3A+KDE+Plasma+is+the+most+popular+desktop+Linux+environment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cio.com%2Farticle%2F2881172%2Fsurvey-says-kde-plasma-is-the-most-popular-desktop-linux-environment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pkgstats.archlinux.de/fun">"Fun statistics"</a>. <i>Archlinux</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archlinux&rft.atitle=Fun+statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpkgstats.archlinux.de%2Ffun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamingonlinux.com/users/statistics/">"User stats"</a>. <i>GamingOnLinux</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamingOnLinux&rft.atitle=User+stats&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamingonlinux.com%2Fusers%2Fstatistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathan_Willis2013" class="citation web cs1">Nathan Willis (August 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/562902/">"Prompt-free security for GNOME"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007094819/http://lwn.net/Articles/562902/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prompt-free+security+for+GNOME&rft.pub=LWN.net&rft.date=2013-08-14&rft.au=Nathan+Willis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2FArticles%2F562902%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-news-59/introducing-sinhala-linux-237904-print/">"Introducing sinhala linux"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124015221/http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-news-59/introducing-sinhala-linux-237904-print/">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introducing+sinhala+linux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxquestions.org%2Fquestions%2Flinux-news-59%2Fintroducing-sinhala-linux-237904-print%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_J._Vaughan-Nichols2018" class="citation web cs1">Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols (2018-11-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/3320859/the-linux-desktop-with-great-success-comes-great-failure.html">"The Linux desktop: With great success comes great failure"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Linux+desktop%3A+With+great+success+comes+great+failure&rft.date=2018-11-13&rft.au=Steven+J.+Vaughan-Nichols&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Farticle%2F3320859%2Fthe-linux-desktop-with-great-success-comes-great-failure.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707151924/http://apcmag.com/why_i_quit_kernel_developer_con_kolivas.htm">"Why I quit: kernel developer Con Kolivas"</a>. <i>APC Magazine</i>. ACP Magazines. July 24, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcmag.com/node/6735/">the original</a> on July 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APC+Magazine&rft.atitle=Why+I+quit%3A+kernel+developer+Con+Kolivas&rft.date=2007-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapcmag.com%2Fnode%2F6735%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wayland.freedesktop.org/architecture.html">"Wayland Architecture"</a>. freedesktop.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130106152733/http://wayland.freedesktop.org/architecture.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wayland+Architecture&rft.pub=freedesktop.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwayland.freedesktop.org%2Farchitecture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426223603/http://www.iist.unu.edu/globaldesktop/">"The Global Desktop Project, Building Technology and Communities"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iist.unu.edu/globaldesktop/">the original</a> on April 26, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Global+Desktop+Project%2C+Building+Technology+and+Communities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iist.unu.edu%2Fglobaldesktop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawe2013" class="citation web cs1">Dawe, Liam (January 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamingonlinux.com/index.php?threads/a-2012-review-and-whats-in-store-for-2013.1591/">"A 2012 review and what's in store for 2013?"</a>. GamingOnLinux<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+2012+review+and+what%27s+in+store+for+2013%3F&rft.pub=GamingOnLinux&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.aulast=Dawe&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamingonlinux.com%2Findex.php%3Fthreads%2Fa-2012-review-and-whats-in-store-for-2013.1591%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKegel2008" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Kegel, Dan (February 14, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090106202914/http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.emulators.wine.devel/56872">"Google's support for Wine in 2007"</a>. <i>wine-devel</i> (Mailing list). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.emulators.wine.devel/56872">the original</a> on January 6, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google%27s+support+for+Wine+in+2007&rft.date=2008-02-14&rft.aulast=Kegel&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticle.gmane.org%2Fgmane.comp.emulators.wine.devel%2F56872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/opensource/wine.html">"Open Source Patches: Wine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907021012/http://code.google.com/opensource/wine.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+Source+Patches%3A+Wine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcode.google.com%2Fopensource%2Fwine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdvani2000" class="citation web cs1">Advani, Prakash (October 27, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080220131703/http://www.freeos.com/articles/2540/">"Microsoft Office for Linux?"</a>. <i>FreeOS</i>. FreeOS Technologies (I) Pvt. Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freeos.com/articles/2540/">the original</a> on February 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FreeOS&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Office+for+Linux%3F&rft.date=2000-10-27&rft.aulast=Advani&rft.aufirst=Prakash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freeos.com%2Farticles%2F2540%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith-Heisters2005" class="citation web cs1">Smith-Heisters, Ian (October 11, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/guides/tweaks/linux-audio.ars">"Editing audio in Linux"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>. Ars Technica, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080217222239/http://arstechnica.com/guides/tweaks/linux-audio.ars">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Editing+audio+in+Linux&rft.date=2005-10-11&rft.aulast=Smith-Heisters&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fguides%2Ftweaks%2Flinux-audio.ars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumma2007" class="citation web cs1">Lumma, Carl (April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209161733/http://www.keyboardmag.com/article/linux-its-not/apr-07/27458">"Linux: It's Not Just For Computer Geeks Anymore"</a>. <i>Keyboard Magazine</i>. New Bay Media, LLC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keyboardmag.com/article/linux-its-not/apr-07/27458">the original</a> on February 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keyboard+Magazine&rft.atitle=Linux%3A+It%27s+Not+Just+For+Computer+Geeks+Anymore&rft.date=2007-04&rft.aulast=Lumma&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keyboardmag.com%2Farticle%2Flinux-its-not%2Fapr-07%2F27458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2004" class="citation web cs1">James, Daniel (February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/feb04/articles/mirrorimage.htm">"Using Linux For Recording & Mastering"</a>. <i>Sound On Sound</i>. SOS Publications Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517050638/http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/feb04/articles/mirrorimage.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sound+On+Sound&rft.atitle=Using+Linux+For+Recording+%26+Mastering&rft.date=2004-02&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fsos%2Ffeb04%2Farticles%2Fmirrorimage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchofield2009" class="citation news cs1">Schofield, Jack (May 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/may/28/netbooks-sales">"Are netbooks losing their shine?"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131221110306/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/may/28/netbooks-sales">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Are+netbooks+losing+their+shine%3F&rft.date=2009-05-28&rft.aulast=Schofield&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2009%2Fmay%2F28%2Fnetbooks-sales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein2011" class="citation news cs1">Stein, Scott (May 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/first-take-samsung-series-5-chromebook-the-future-of-netbooks-hands-on-video/">"First Take: Samsung Series 5 Chromebook, the future of Netbooks?"</a>. <i>Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714192627/http://www.cnet.com/news/first-take-samsung-series-5-chromebook-the-future-of-netbooks-hands-on-video/">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal&rft.atitle=First+Take%3A+Samsung+Series+5+Chromebook%2C+the+future+of+Netbooks%3F&rft.date=2011-05-11&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Ffirst-take-samsung-series-5-chromebook-the-future-of-netbooks-hands-on-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html">"Introducing the Google Chrome OS"</a>. <i>Official Google Blog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Blogger_(service)" title="Blogger (service)">Blogger</a>. July 7, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120410044457/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Google+Blog&rft.atitle=Introducing+the+Google+Chrome+OS&rft.date=2009-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoogleblog.blogspot.com%2F2009%2F07%2Fintroducing-google-chrome-os.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/9145439?hl=en">"Set up Linux (Beta) on your Chromebook - Chromebook Help"</a>. <i>support.google.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.google.com&rft.atitle=Set+up+Linux+%28Beta%29+on+your+Chromebook+-+Chromebook+Help&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fchromebook%2Fanswer%2F9145439%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2006/10/07/rackspace_most_reliable_hoster_in_september.html">"Rackspace Most Reliable Hoster in September"</a>. Netcraft. October 7, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061106094411/http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2006/10/07/rackspace_most_reliable_hoster_in_september.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rackspace+Most+Reliable+Hoster+in+September&rft.pub=Netcraft&rft.date=2006-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.netcraft.com%2Farchives%2F2006%2F10%2F07%2Frackspace_most_reliable_hoster_in_september.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080727094236/http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2008/07/07/aplusnet_is_the_most_reliable_hosting_company_site_in_june_2008.html">"Aplus.Net is the Most Reliable Hosting Company Site in June 2008"</a>. Netcraft. July 7, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2008/07/07/aplusnet_is_the_most_reliable_hosting_company_site_in_june_2008.html">the original</a> on July 27, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aplus.Net+is+the+Most+Reliable+Hosting+Company+Site+in+June+2008&rft.pub=Netcraft&rft.date=2008-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.netcraft.com%2Farchives%2F2008%2F07%2F07%2Faplusnet_is_the_most_reliable_hosting_company_site_in_june_2008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305073425/http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2010/03/01/most_reliable_hosting_company_sites_in_february_2010.html">"Most Reliable Hosting Company Sites in February 2010"</a>. Netcraft. March 1, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2010/03/01/most_reliable_hosting_company_sites_in_february_2010.html">the original</a> on March 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+Reliable+Hosting+Company+Sites+in+February+2010&rft.pub=Netcraft&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.netcraft.com%2Farchives%2F2010%2F03%2F01%2Fmost_reliable_hosting_company_sites_in_february_2010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SecuritySpace-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SecuritySpace_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSecuritySpace2010" class="citation web cs1">SecuritySpace (June 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.securityspace.com/s_survey/data/201005/index.html">"Web Server Survey"</a>. SecuritySpace<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+Server+Survey&rft.pub=SecuritySpace&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft.au=SecuritySpace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.securityspace.com%2Fs_survey%2Fdata%2F201005%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanner2012" class="citation news cs1">Danner, David (April 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enterprisesystemsmedia.com/article/how-cios-can-use-linux-on-the-mainframe-to-maximize-savings-and-lower-">"How CIOs Can Use Linux on the Mainframe to Maximize Savings and Lower TCO"</a>. <i>Enterprise Executive</i>. Enterprise Systems Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160708202839/http://enterprisesystemsmedia.com/article/how-cios-can-use-linux-on-the-mainframe-to-maximize-savings-and-lower-">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Enterprise+Executive&rft.atitle=How+CIOs+Can+Use+Linux+on+the+Mainframe+to+Maximize+Savings+and+Lower+TCO&rft.date=2012-04-03&rft.aulast=Danner&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenterprisesystemsmedia.com%2Farticle%2Fhow-cios-can-use-linux-on-the-mainframe-to-maximize-savings-and-lower-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Register-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Register_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimothy_Prickett_Morgan2009" class="citation web cs1">Timothy Prickett Morgan (December 11, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/12/11/ibm_linux_only_mainframe/">"IBM punts Linux-only mainframes Big MIPS, deep discounts"</a>. The Register. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091213204122/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/12/11/ibm_linux_only_mainframe/">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+punts+Linux-only+mainframes+Big+MIPS%2C+deep+discounts&rft.pub=The+Register&rft.date=2009-12-11&rft.au=Timothy+Prickett+Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2009%2F12%2F11%2Fibm_linux_only_mainframe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabcock2015" class="citation web cs1">Babcock, Charles (August 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160708205846/http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/ibms-linuxone-mainframe-whats-old-is-new-again/a/d-id/1321789">"IBM's LinuxONE Mainframe: What's Old Is New Again"</a>. <i>InformationWeek</i>. InformationWeek. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/ibms-linuxone-mainframe-whats-old-is-new-again/a/d-id/1321789">the original</a> on July 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InformationWeek&rft.atitle=IBM%27s+LinuxONE+Mainframe%3A+What%27s+Old+Is+New+Again&rft.date=2015-08-18&rft.aulast=Babcock&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fsoftware%2Foperating-systems%2Fibms-linuxone-mainframe-whats-old-is-new-again%2Fa%2Fd-id%2F1321789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmanMitran2015" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, Dale; Mitran, Marcel (August 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://events.static.linuxfound.org/sites/events/files/slides/lcna15_linuxone.pdf">"Open Source & ISV Ecosystem Enablement for LinuxONE and IBM z"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Linux Foundation</i>. IBM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linux+Foundation&rft.atitle=Open+Source+%26+ISV+Ecosystem+Enablement+for+LinuxONE+and+IBM+z&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.au=Mitran%2C+Marcel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevents.static.linuxfound.org%2Fsites%2Fevents%2Ffiles%2Fslides%2Flcna15_linuxone.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rules_supercomputers-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rules_supercomputers_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyons2005" class="citation news cs1">Lyons, Daniel (March 15, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070224235804/http://www.forbes.com/home/enterprisetech/2005/03/15/cz_dl_0315linux.html">"Linux rules supercomputers"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/home/enterprisetech/2005/03/15/cz_dl_0315linux.html">the original</a> on February 24, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Linux+rules+supercomputers&rft.date=2005-03-15&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fhome%2Fenterprisetech%2F2005%2F03%2F15%2Fcz_dl_0315linux.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-top500stats-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-top500stats_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.top500.org/statistics/details/osfam/1">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites: Operating system Family / Linux"</a>. Top500.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites%3A+Operating+system+Family+%2F+Linux&rft.pub=Top500.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fstatistics%2Fdetails%2Fosfam%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dragtimes.com/blog/tesla-model-s-ethernet-network-explored-possible-jailbreak-in-the-future">"Tesla Model S Ethernet Network Explored"</a>. April 4, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140409122552/http://www.dragtimes.com/blog/tesla-model-s-ethernet-network-explored-possible-jailbreak-in-the-future">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tesla+Model+S+Ethernet+Network+Explored&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dragtimes.com%2Fblog%2Ftesla-model-s-ethernet-network-explored-possible-jailbreak-in-the-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autoblog.com/2014/04/12/tesla-model-s-owners-hack-their-cars-find-ubuntu/">"Tesla Model S owners hack their cars, find Ubuntu"</a>. <i>Autoblog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Autoblog&rft.atitle=Tesla+Model+S+owners+hack+their+cars%2C+find+Ubuntu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoblog.com%2F2014%2F04%2F12%2Ftesla-model-s-owners-hack-their-cars-find-ubuntu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linux_Smart_TVs-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Linux_Smart_TVs_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Brown2019" class="citation web cs1">Eric Brown (Mar 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linuxgizmos.com/linux-continues-advance-in-smart-tv-market/">"Linux continues advance in smart TV market"</a>. <i>linuxgizmos.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=linuxgizmos.com&rft.atitle=Linux+continues+advance+in+smart+TV+market&rft.date=2019-03-29&rft.au=Eric+Brown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinuxgizmos.com%2Flinux-continues-advance-in-smart-tv-market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linux_cars-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Linux_cars_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_J._Vaughan-Nichols2019" class="citation web cs1">Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols (January 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/its-a-linux-powered-car-world/">"It's a Linux-powered car world"</a>. <i>ZDNet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=It%27s+a+Linux-powered+car+world&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft.au=Steven+J.+Vaughan-Nichols&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fits-a-linux-powered-car-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share#monthly-202309-202409">"Operating System Market Share Worldwide Sept 2024"</a>. <i>StatCounter Global Stats</i>. 2024-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StatCounter+Global+Stats&rft.atitle=Operating+System+Market+Share+Worldwide+Sept+2024&rft.date=2024-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2Fos-market-share%23monthly-202309-202409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPherson2012" class="citation web cs1">McPherson, Amanda (December 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140417232521/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2012/12/what-year-linux-please-join-us-celebration">"What a Year for Linux: Please Join us in Celebration"</a>. Linux Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2012/12/what-year-linux-please-join-us-celebration">the original</a> on April 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+a+Year+for+Linux%3A+Please+Join+us+in+Celebration&rft.pub=Linux+Foundation&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxfoundation.org%2Fnews-media%2Fblogs%2Fbrowse%2F2012%2F12%2Fwhat-year-linux-please-join-us-celebration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProschofsky2011" class="citation web cs1">Proschofsky, Andreas (July 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://derstandard.at/1308186313932/Interview-Google-Android-is-the-Linux-desktop-dream-come-true">"Google: "Android is the Linux desktop dream come true"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>derStandard.at</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130422021245/http://derstandard.at/1308186313932/Interview-Google-Android-is-the-Linux-desktop-dream-come-true">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=derStandard.at&rft.atitle=Google%3A+%22Android+is+the+Linux+desktop+dream+come+true%22&rft.date=2011-07-10&rft.aulast=Proschofsky&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fderstandard.at%2F1308186313932%2FInterview-Google-Android-is-the-Linux-desktop-dream-come-true&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHildenbrand2012" class="citation web cs1">Hildenbrand, Jerry (November 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.androidcentral.com/ask-ac-android-linux">"Ask AC: Is Android Linux?"</a>. <i>Android Central</i>. Mobile Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170408213437/http://www.androidcentral.com/ask-ac-android-linux">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Android+Central&rft.atitle=Ask+AC%3A+Is+Android+Linux%3F&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft.aulast=Hildenbrand&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidcentral.com%2Fask-ac-android-linux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynch2013" class="citation web cs1">Lynch, Jim (August 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205165359/http://www.itworld.com/open-source/369810/android-really-linux-distribution">"Is Android really a Linux distribution?"</a>. <i>ITworld</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itworld.com/open-source/369810/android-really-linux-distribution">the original</a> on February 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ITworld&rft.atitle=Is+Android+really+a+Linux+distribution%3F&rft.date=2013-08-20&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itworld.com%2Fopen-source%2F369810%2Fandroid-really-linux-distribution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ars_introduction_developer-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ars_introduction_developer_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ars_introduction_developer_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2009" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Ryan (February 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2009/02/an-introduction-to-google-android-for-developers/">"Dream(sheep++): A developer's introduction to Google Android"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast" title="Condé Nast">Condé Nast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704115615/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2009/02/an-introduction-to-google-android-for-developers/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Dream%28sheep%2B%2B%29%3A+A+developer%27s+introduction+to+Google+Android&rft.date=2009-02-24&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2009%2F02%2Fan-introduction-to-google-android-for-developers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080616191310/http://maemo.org/maemo_training_material/maemo4.x/html/maemo_Technology_Overview/Chapter_03_maemo_Platform_Overview.html">"Chapter 3 - maemo Platform Overview"</a>. <i>Wayback Machine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maemo.org/maemo_training_material/maemo4.x/html/maemo_Technology_Overview/Chapter_03_maemo_Platform_Overview.html">the original</a> on June 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wayback+Machine&rft.atitle=Chapter+3+-+maemo+Platform+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaemo.org%2Fmaemo_training_material%2Fmaemo4.x%2Fhtml%2Fmaemo_Technology_Overview%2FChapter_03_maemo_Platform_Overview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabham2010" class="citation news cs1">Grabham, Dan (February 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/intel-and-nokia-merge-moblin-and-maemo-to-form-meego-670302">"Inter and Nokia merge Moblin and Maemo to form MeeGo"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707231704/http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/intel-and-nokia-merge-moblin-and-maemo-to-form-meego-670302">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inter+and+Nokia+merge+Moblin+and+Maemo+to+form+MeeGo&rft.date=2010-02-15&rft.aulast=Grabham&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fnews%2Fphone-and-communications%2Fmobile-phones%2Fintel-and-nokia-merge-moblin-and-maemo-to-form-meego-670302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitwam2014" class="citation news cs1">Whitwam, Ryan (February 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/22/samsung-announces-gear-2-and-gear-2-neo-smart-watches-running-tizen-available-worldwide-in-april/">"Samsung Announces Gear 2 and Gear 2 Neo Smart Watches Running Tizen, Available Worldwide In April"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504135808/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/22/samsung-announces-gear-2-and-gear-2-neo-smart-watches-running-tizen-available-worldwide-in-april/">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Samsung+Announces+Gear+2+and+Gear+2+Neo+Smart+Watches+Running+Tizen%2C+Available+Worldwide+In+April&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft.aulast=Whitwam&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidpolice.com%2F2014%2F02%2F22%2Fsamsung-announces-gear-2-and-gear-2-neo-smart-watches-running-tizen-available-worldwide-in-april%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbs2014" class="citation news cs1">Gibbs, Samuel (June 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jun/02/samsung-z-smartphone-android-tizen-android">"Samsung Z smartphone ditches Android for Tizen software"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140612071314/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jun/02/samsung-z-smartphone-android-tizen-android">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Samsung+Z+smartphone+ditches+Android+for+Tizen+software&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft.aulast=Gibbs&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2014%2Fjun%2F02%2Fsamsung-z-smartphone-android-tizen-android&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://merproject.org/">"Mer Project"</a>. <i>Mer Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140530010142/http://www.merproject.org/">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mer+Project&rft.atitle=Mer+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmerproject.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140604022951/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Firefox_OS/Platform/Architecture">"Firefox OS architecture"</a>. <i>Mozilla Developer Network</i>. <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Firefox_OS/Platform/Architecture">the original</a> on June 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mozilla+Developer+Network&rft.atitle=Firefox+OS+architecture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2FFirefox_OS%2FPlatform%2FArchitecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140613125111/http://www.ubuntu.com/phone/app-ecosystem">"App ecosystem"</a>. <i>Ubuntu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Ltd.">Canonical Ltd.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubuntu.com/phone/app-ecosystem">the original</a> on June 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu&rft.atitle=App+ecosystem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fphone%2Fapp-ecosystem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://puri.sm/posts/purism-launches-librem-5-smartphone-campaign/">"Purism Unveils Plans to Build Librem 5, the World's First Encrypted, Open Smartphone Ecosystem Giving Users Complete Device Control"</a>. <i>Purism</i>. August 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Purism&rft.atitle=Purism+Unveils+Plans+to+Build+Librem+5%2C+the+World%27s+First+Encrypted%2C+Open+Smartphone+Ecosystem+Giving+Users+Complete+Device+Control&rft.date=2017-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpuri.sm%2Fposts%2Fpurism-launches-librem-5-smartphone-campaign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammer2020" class="citation web cs1">Hammer, David (February 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://puri.sm/posts/desktop-firefox-in-your-pocket-with-the-librem-5/">"Desktop Firefox in Your Pocket with the Librem 5"</a>. <i>Purism</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Purism&rft.atitle=Desktop+Firefox+in+Your+Pocket+with+the+Librem+5&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft.aulast=Hammer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpuri.sm%2Fposts%2Fdesktop-firefox-in-your-pocket-with-the-librem-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAufranc2019" class="citation web cs1">Aufranc, Jean-Luc (16 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnx-software.com/2019/11/16/buy-pinephone-braveheart-limited-edition-linux-smartphone/">"PinePhone "BraveHeart" Limited Edition Linux Smartphone is Now Available for $150"</a>. <i>CNX Software - Embedded Systems News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNX+Software+-+Embedded+Systems+News&rft.atitle=PinePhone+%22BraveHeart%22+Limited+Edition+Linux+Smartphone+is+Now+Available+for+%24150&rft.date=2019-11-16&rft.aulast=Aufranc&rft.aufirst=Jean-Luc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnx-software.com%2F2019%2F11%2F16%2Fbuy-pinephone-braveheart-limited-edition-linux-smartphone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tivo-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tivo_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070519150730/http://www.tivo.com/linux/linux.asp">"TiVo ─ GNU/Linux Source Code"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tivo.com/linux/linux.asp">the original</a> on May 19, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TiVo+%E2%94%80+GNU%2FLinux+Source+Code&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tivo.com%2Flinux%2Flinux.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070925210353/http://www.mvista.com/downloads/Case_study_MontaVista_Linux_and_Yamaha.pdf">"Case Study: How MontaVista Linux helped Yamaha developers make a great product greater"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mvista.com/downloads/Case_study_MontaVista_Linux_and_Yamaha.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Case+Study%3A+How+MontaVista+Linux+helped+Yamaha+developers+make+a+great+product+greater&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mvista.com%2Fdownloads%2FCase_study_MontaVista_Linux_and_Yamaha.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051013065306/http://www.highend.com/products/controllers/Wholehog3Console.asp">"Embedded Linux: FlyingPigs the WholeHogIII runs on Linux"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highend.com/products/controllers/Wholehog3Console.asp">the original</a> on October 13, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embedded+Linux%3A+FlyingPigs+the+WholeHogIII+runs+on+Linux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highend.com%2Fproducts%2Fcontrollers%2FWholehog3Console.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCifaldi2013" class="citation news cs1">Cifaldi, Frank (February 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/186722/Steam_Box_phase_one_complete_Steams_Linux_client_is_out_now.php">"Steam Box phase one complete: Steam's Linux client is out now"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707121916/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/186722/Steam_Box_phase_one_complete_Steams_Linux_client_is_out_now.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Steam+Box+phase+one+complete%3A+Steam%27s+Linux+client+is+out+now&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft.aulast=Cifaldi&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Fnews%2F186722%2FSteam_Box_phase_one_complete_Steams_Linux_client_is_out_now.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarabel2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Larabel" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Larabel">Larabel, Michael</a> (June 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTcxMTY">"There's Now 500 Games On Steam For Linux"</a>. <i>Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/Phoronix" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoronix">Phoronix</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140611010626/http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTcxMTY">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal&rft.atitle=There%27s+Now+500+Games+On+Steam+For+Linux&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft.aulast=Larabel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Dnews_item%26px%3DMTcxMTY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://store.steampowered.com/steamos/">"SteamOS"</a>. <i>Steam</i>. Valve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140616200555/http://store.steampowered.com/steamos">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Steam&rft.atitle=SteamOS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstore.steampowered.com%2Fsteamos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarabel2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Larabel" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Larabel">Larabel, Michael</a> (January 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTU3Mjg">"Valve's VOGL OpenGL Debugger Should Be Great"</a>. <i>Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/Phoronix" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoronix">Phoronix</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701054125/http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTU3Mjg">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal&rft.atitle=Valve%27s+VOGL+OpenGL+Debugger+Should+Be+Great&rft.date=2014-01-16&rft.aulast=Larabel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Dnews_item%26px%3DMTU3Mjg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattas2012" class="citation news cs1">Mattas, Jeff (April 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shacknews.com/article/73510/steam-and-source-engine-being-ported-to-linux">"Steam and Source Engine being ported to Linux"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701153852/http://www.shacknews.com/article/73510/steam-and-source-engine-being-ported-to-linux">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Steam+and+Source+Engine+being+ported+to+Linux&rft.date=2012-04-25&rft.aulast=Mattas&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shacknews.com%2Farticle%2F73510%2Fsteam-and-source-engine-being-ported-to-linux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2014" class="citation news cs1">Buckley, Sean (July 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/21/nvidia-shield-ships-july-31st/">"NVIDIA Shield"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708002014/http://www.engadget.com/2013/07/21/nvidia-shield-ships-july-31st/">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NVIDIA+Shield&rft.date=2014-07-21&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2013%2F07%2F21%2Fnvidia-shield-ships-july-31st%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://steamcommunity.com/games/221410/announcements/detail/1696055855739350561">"Steam for Linux :: Introducing a new version of Steam Play"</a>. 2018-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Steam+for+Linux+%3A%3A+Introducing+a+new+version+of+Steam+Play&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsteamcommunity.com%2Fgames%2F221410%2Fannouncements%2Fdetail%2F1696055855739350561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.protondb.com/">"ProtonDB homepage"</a>. <i>www.protondb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.protondb.com&rft.atitle=ProtonDB+homepage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.protondb.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawe2022" class="citation web cs1">Dawe, Liam (2022-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2022/02/steam-deck-initial-review/">"The Steam Deck has released, here's my initial review"</a>. <i>GamingOnLinux</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamingOnLinux&rft.atitle=The+Steam+Deck+has+released%2C+here%27s+my+initial+review&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.aulast=Dawe&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamingonlinux.com%2F2022%2F02%2Fsteam-deck-initial-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarabel2022" class="citation web cs1">Larabel, Michael (2022-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=steam-deck-steamos-linux">"For Linux Enthusiasts Especially, The Steam Deck Is An Incredible & Fun Device"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Phoronix" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoronix">Phoronix</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phoronix&rft.atitle=For+Linux+Enthusiasts+Especially%2C+The+Steam+Deck+Is+An+Incredible+%26+Fun+Device&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.aulast=Larabel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Darticle%26item%3Dsteam-deck-steamos-linux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.kali.org/introduction/what-is-kali-linux">"What is Kali Linux?"</a>. <i>Kali Linux</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527164453/http://docs.kali.org/introduction/what-is-kali-linux">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kali+Linux&rft.atitle=What+is+Kali+Linux%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.kali.org%2Fintroduction%2Fwhat-is-kali-linux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blackarch-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blackarch_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blackarch.org/index.html">"BlackArch Linux - Penetration Testing Distribution"</a>. <i>BlackArch Linux</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BlackArch+Linux&rft.atitle=BlackArch+Linux+-+Penetration+Testing+Distribution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblackarch.org%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aw20121118-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aw20121118_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aw20121118_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvitak2012" class="citation news cs1">Svitak, Amy (November 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203204735/http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog%3A04ce340e-4b63-4d23-9695-d49ab661f385&plckPostId=Blog%3A04ce340e-4b63-4d23-9695-d49ab661f385Post%3Aa8b87703-93f9-4cdf-885f-9429605e14df">"Dragon's "Radiation-Tolerant" Design"</a>. <i>Aviation Week</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog%3a04ce340e-4b63-4d23-9695-d49ab661f385&plckPostId=Blog%3a04ce340e-4b63-4d23-9695-d49ab661f385Post%3aa8b87703-93f9-4cdf-885f-9429605e14df">the original</a> on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation+Week&rft.atitle=Dragon%27s+%22Radiation-Tolerant%22+Design&rft.date=2012-11-18&rft.aulast=Svitak&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aviationweek.com%2FBlogs.aspx%3FplckBlogId%3DBlog%253a04ce340e-4b63-4d23-9695-d49ab661f385%26plckPostId%3DBlog%253a04ce340e-4b63-4d23-9695-d49ab661f385Post%253aa8b87703-93f9-4cdf-885f-9429605e14df&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/from-earth-to-orbit-with-linux-and-spacex/">"From Earth to orbit with Linux and SpaceX"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=From+Earth+to+orbit+with+Linux+and+SpaceX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Ffrom-earth-to-orbit-with-linux-and-spacex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LinuxMigration-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LinuxMigration_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://training.linuxfoundation.org/solutions/corporate-solutions/success-stories/linux-foundation-training-prepares-the-international-space-station-for-linux-migration/">"Linux Foundation Training Prepares the International Space Station for Linux Migration"</a>. The Linux Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linux+Foundation+Training+Prepares+the+International+Space+Station+for+Linux+Migration&rft.pub=The+Linux+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftraining.linuxfoundation.org%2Fsolutions%2Fcorporate-solutions%2Fsuccess-stories%2Flinux-foundation-training-prepares-the-international-space-station-for-linux-migration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.100tb.com/blog/?p=485">"Five Ways NASA is Using Linux OS to Run its Space Program"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141221130340/http://www.100tb.com/blog/?p=485">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+Ways+NASA+is+Using+Linux+OS+to+Run+its+Space+Program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.100tb.com%2Fblog%2F%3Fp%3D485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlanchette2015" class="citation web cs1">Blanchette, Megan (July 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radar.oreilly.com/2015/07/4-ways-the-raspberry-pi-is-being-used-in-education.html">"4 ways the Raspberry Pi is being used in education"</a>. <i>O'Reilly Radar</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910010507/http://radar.oreilly.com/2015/07/4-ways-the-raspberry-pi-is-being-used-in-education.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=O%27Reilly+Radar&rft.atitle=4+ways+the+Raspberry+Pi+is+being+used+in+education&rft.date=2015-07-07&rft.aulast=Blanchette&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradar.oreilly.com%2F2015%2F07%2F4-ways-the-raspberry-pi-is-being-used-in-education.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinux+range+of+use" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Linux" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linux" title="Template:Linux"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linux" title="Template talk:Linux"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linux" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linux"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Linux" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Linux" title="History of Linux">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus%27s_law" title="Linus's law">Linus's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Linux" title="Booting process of Linux">Booting process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel_oops" title="Linux kernel oops">Kernel oops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tux_(mascot)" title="Tux (mascot)">Tux</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Linux_kernel" title="Template:Linux kernel">more…</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Linux" title="Criticism of Linux">Criticism of Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_desktop_Linux" title="Criticism of desktop Linux">Criticism of desktop Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux_naming_controversy" title="GNU/Linux naming controversy">GNU/Linux naming controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate" title="Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate">Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO and Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Distributions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of Linux distributions">General comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions" title="List of Linux distributions">Distributions list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_netbook-oriented_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions">Netbook-specific comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions_that_run_from_RAM" title="List of Linux distributions that run from RAM">Distributions that run from RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-weight_Linux_distribution" title="Light-weight Linux distribution">Lightweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security-focused_operating_system#Linux" title="Security-focused operating system">Security-focused operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package manager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Package_format" title="Package format">Package format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_software_package_management_systems" title="List of software package management systems">List of software package managers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LinuxChix" title="LinuxChix">LinuxChix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Counter" title="Linux Counter">Linux Counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Documentation_Project" title="Linux Documentation Project">Linux Documentation Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Mark_Institute" title="Linux Mark Institute">Linux Mark Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_user_group" title="Linux user group">Linux User Group (LUG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_adoption" title="Linux adoption">Adoption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_adopters" title="List of Linux adopters">Adopters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_desktop_environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux desktop environments">Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_on_embedded_systems" title="Linux on embedded systems">Embedded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux gaming">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_for_mobile_devices" title="Linux for mobile devices">Mobile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Range of use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_malware" title="Linux malware">Linux malware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DistroWatch" title="DistroWatch">DistroWatch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Magazine" title="Free Software Magazine">Free Software Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Full_Circle_(magazine)" title="Full Circle (magazine)">Full Circle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hacker_Public_Radio" title="Hacker Public Radio">Hacker Public Radio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux.com" title="Linux.com">Linux.com</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linux_Format" title="Linux Format">Linux Format</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linux_Gazette" title="Linux Gazette">Linux Gazette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linux_Journal" title="Linux Journal">Linux Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linux_Magazine" title="Linux Magazine">Linux Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LinuxUser" title="LinuxUser">LinuxUser</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_User" title="Ubuntu User">Ubuntu User</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Outlaws" title="Linux Outlaws">Linux Outlaws</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linux_Voice" title="Linux Voice">Linux Voice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LugRadio" title="LugRadio">LugRadio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoronix_Test_Suite#Phoronix_website" title="Phoronix Test Suite">Phoronix</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Code_(2001_film)" title="The Code (2001 film)"><i>The Code</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_security_certifications" title="List of computer security certifications">Professional related certifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CompTIA_Linux%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="CompTIA Linux+">CompTIA Linux+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Foundation_Linux_Certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux Foundation Linux Certification">Linux Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Certification_Program" title="Red Hat Certification Program">Red Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Professional_Certification" title="Ubuntu Professional Certification">Ubuntu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/13px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/20px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/27px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/16px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/24px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/32px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Linux" title="Category:Linux">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&oldid=1246035589#Desktop">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&oldid=1246035589#Desktop</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Linux" title="Category:Linux">Linux</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computing_platforms" title="Category:Computing platforms">Computing platforms</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2015" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_February_2015" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2015">Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_July_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2019</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 September 2024, at 14:48<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux_range_of_use&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile#Desktop" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-bcl48","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.810","walltime":"0.958","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4522,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":143387,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1847,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":271042,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 805.257 1 -total"," 58.40% 470.236 1 Template:Reflist"," 39.18% 315.504 55 Template:Cite_web"," 17.68% 142.381 1 Template:Linux"," 14.11% 113.590 1 Template:Navbox"," 10.88% 87.645 15 Template:Cite_news"," 8.31% 66.956 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.12% 41.205 2 Template:Pagetype"," 3.67% 29.515 3 Template:As_of"," 3.03% 24.393 2 Template:See_also"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.497","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5338146,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-h78vk","timestamp":"20241122173109","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Linux range of use","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux_range_of_use#Desktop","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1827089","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1827089","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-10-17T11:20:00Z","dateModified":"2024-09-16T14:48:51Z","headline":"overview about Linux' uses"}</script> </body> </html>