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id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Move_to_London;_political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Move_to_London;_political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Move to London; political views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Move_to_London;_political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Literary career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Illness and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doris_Lessing_Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doris_Lessing_Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Doris Lessing Society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doris_Lessing_Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera_libretti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera_libretti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Opera libretti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera_libretti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Drama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetry_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Poetry collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_story_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_story_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Short story collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_story_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autobiography_and_memoirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autobiography_and_memoirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Autobiography and memoirs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autobiography_and_memoirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_non-fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_non-fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Other non-fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_non-fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Doris Lessing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="دوريس ليسينغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوريس ليسينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Տորիս Լեսինկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տորիս Լեսինկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessinq" title="Doris Lessinq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Doris Lessinq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82" title="دوریس لسینق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دوریس لسینق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="ডোরিস লেসিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডোরিস লেসিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Дорис Лессинг – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дорис Лессинг" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Дорыс Лесінг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дорыс Лесінг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Дорыс Лесінг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дорыс Лесінг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Дорис Лесинг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дорис Лесинг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessingov%C3%A1" title="Doris Lessingová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Doris Lessingová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%DD%A3" title="ضوريس ليسينݣ – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ضوريس ليسينݣ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Ντόρις Λέσινγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντόρις Λέσινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دوریس لسینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوریس لسینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A0%88%EC%8B%B1" title="도리스 레싱 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도리스 레싱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Դորիս Լեսինգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դորիս Լեսինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="डोरिस लेसिंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डोरिस लेसिंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="דוריס לסינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוריס לסינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಡೋರಿಸ್ ಲೆಸ್ಸಿಂಗ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡೋರಿಸ್ ಲೆಸ್ಸಿಂಗ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="დორის ლესინგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დორის ლესინგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Дорис Лессинг – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дорис Лессинг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Лессинг Дорис Мэй – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лессинг Дорис Мэй" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лессинг, Дорис – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Лессинг, Дорис" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorisa_Lesinga" title="Dorisa Lesinga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dorisa Lesinga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="डोरिस लेसिङ्ग – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="डोरिस लेसिङ्ग" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Дорис Лесинг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дорис Лесинг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡോറിസ് ലെസ്സിംഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡോറിസ് ലെസ്സിംഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="डोरिस लेसिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डोरिस लेसिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="დორის ლესინგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დორის ლესინგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="دوريس ليسينج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوريس ليسينج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دوریس لسینگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دوریس لسینگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="डोरिस लेसिङ्ग – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="डोरिस लेसिङ्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ドリス・レッシング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドリス・レッシング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਡੋਰਿਸ ਲੈਸਿੰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੋਰਿਸ ਲੈਸਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ڈورس لیسنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈورس لیسنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AB" title="دوريس ليسنګ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دوريس ليسنګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лессинг, Дорис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лессинг, Дорис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessingov%C3%A1" title="Doris Lessingová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Doris Lessingová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دۆریس لێسینگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دۆریس لێسینگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Дорис Лесинг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дорис Лесинг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="டோரிஸ் லெசிங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டோரிஸ் லெசிங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%A3" title="Дорис Лессиң – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дорис Лессиң" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="డోరిస్ లెస్సింగ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డోరిస్ లెస్సింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="ดอริส เลสซิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอริส เลสซิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лессинг, Дорис – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Лессинг, Дорис" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Доріс Лессінг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Доріс Лессінг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ڈورس لیسنگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈورس لیسنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%BD%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E8%BE%9B" title="多丽丝·莱辛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="多丽丝·莱辛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Doris Lessing" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%BA%97%E7%B5%B2%E8%90%8A%E8%BE%9B" title="多麗絲萊辛 – Cantonese" lang="yue" 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searchaux" style="display:none">British novelist (1919–2013)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Doris Lessing</div><br /><div class="honorific-suffix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a></span></span> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mapungubwe" title="Order of Mapungubwe">OMG</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Doris_Lessing_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lessing in 2006"><img alt="Lessing in 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Doris_Lessing_3.jpg/220px-Doris_Lessing_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Doris_Lessing_3.jpg/330px-Doris_Lessing_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Doris_Lessing_3.jpg/440px-Doris_Lessing_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="740" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Lessing in 2006</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Doris May Tayler<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1919-10-22</span>)</span>22 October 1919<br /><a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">17 November 2013<span style="display:none">(2013-11-17)</span> (aged 94)<br />London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">Jane Somers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1950–2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Novel</li> <li>short story</li> <li>biography</li> <li>drama</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a></li> <li>poetry</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li>socialism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_skepticism" title="Philosophical skepticism">scepticism</a></li> <li>science fiction</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist nowraplinks"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grass_Is_Singing" title="The Grass Is Singing">The Grass Is Singing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Violence" title="Children of Violence">Children of Violence</a></i> series</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Notebook" title="The Golden Notebook">The Golden Notebook</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Briefing_for_a_Descent_into_Hell" title="Briefing for a Descent into Hell">Briefing for a Descent into Hell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Terrorist" title="The Good Terrorist">The Good Terrorist</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Maugham_Award" title="Somerset Maugham Award">Somerset Maugham Award</a> <br /> 1954 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" title="Austrian State Prize for European Literature">Austrian State Prize for European Literature</a> <br /> 1981 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WH_Smith_Literary_Award" title="WH Smith Literary Award">WH Smith Literary Award</a> <br /> 1986 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinzane_Cavour_Prize" title="Grinzane Cavour Prize">Grinzane Cavour Prize</a> <br /> 1989 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tait_Black_Memorial_Prize" title="James Tait Black Memorial Prize">James Tait Black Memorial Prize</a> <br /> 1995 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cohen_Prize" title="David Cohen Prize">David Cohen Prize</a> <br /> 2001 <br /></li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Premio_Pr%C3%ADncipe_de_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Premio Príncipe de Asturias">Premio Príncipe de Asturias</a></i></span> <br /> 2001 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> <br /> 2007 <br /></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Frank Charles Wisdom</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1939; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1943)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Lessing" title="Gottfried Lessing">Gottfried Anton Nicolai Lessing</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1943; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1949)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>John (1940–1992)</li> <li>Jean (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1941)</li> <li>Peter (1946–2013)<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dorislessing.org/">dorislessing<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Doris May Lessing</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a></span></span> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mapungubwe" title="Order of Mapungubwe">OMG</a></span></span> (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a></span> <b>Tayler</b>; 22 October 1919 – 17 November 2013) was a British novelist. She was born to British parents in <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Iran</a>, where she lived until 1925. Her family then moved to <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>), where she remained until moving in 1949 to London, England. Her novels include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grass_Is_Singing" title="The Grass Is Singing">The Grass Is Singing</a></i> (1950), the sequence of five novels collectively called <i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Violence" title="Children of Violence">Children of Violence</a></i> (1952–1969), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Notebook" title="The Golden Notebook">The Golden Notebook</a></i> (1962), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Terrorist" title="The Good Terrorist">The Good Terrorist</a></i> (1985), and five novels collectively known as <i><a href="/wiki/Canopus_in_Argos" title="Canopus in Argos">Canopus in Argos: Archives</a></i> (1979–1983). </p><p>Lessing was awarded the <a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2007 Nobel Prize in Literature">2007 Nobel Prize in Literature</a>. In awarding the prize, the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a> described her as "that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessing was the oldest person ever to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, at age 87.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oldest_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldest-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001 Lessing was awarded the <a href="/wiki/David_Cohen_Prize" title="David Cohen Prize">David Cohen Prize</a> for a lifetime's achievement in <a href="/wiki/British_literature" title="British literature">British literature</a>. In 2008 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> ranked her fifth on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lessing was born Doris May Tayler in <a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Iran</a>, on 22 October 1919, to Captain Alfred Tayler and Emily Maude Tayler (née McVeagh), both British subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-englishbloom_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-englishbloom-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father, who had lost a leg during his service in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, met his future wife, a nurse, at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Free_Hospital" title="Royal Free Hospital">Royal Free Hospital</a> in London where he was recovering from his <a href="/wiki/Amputation" title="Amputation">amputation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-broken_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-broken-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scifirefa_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scifirefa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple moved to Iran, for Alfred to take a job as a clerk for the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Bank_of_Persia" title="Imperial Bank of Persia">Imperial Bank of Persia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-space_fiction_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space_fiction-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbcref1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcref1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1925 the family moved to the British colony of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a> (now Zimbabwe) to farm maize and other crops on about 1,000 acres (400 ha) of bush that Alfred bought. In the rough environment, his wife Emily aspired to lead an <a href="/wiki/Edwardian" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwardian">Edwardian</a> lifestyle. It might have been possible had the family been wealthy; in reality, they were short of money and the farm delivered very little income.<sup id="cite_ref-dobref_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobref-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a girl Doris was educated first at the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent_High_School,_Harare" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Convent High School, Harare">Dominican Convent High School</a>, a Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convent</a> <a href="/wiki/Single-sex_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-sex school">all-girls school</a> in the Southern Rhodesian capital of Salisbury (now <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-UnderMySkin_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UnderMySkin-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then followed a year at <a href="/wiki/Girls_High_School,_Harare" title="Girls High School, Harare">Girls High School</a> in Salisbury.<sup id="cite_ref-UnderMySkin_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UnderMySkin-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She left school at age 13 and was self-educated from then on. She left home at 15 and worked as a <a href="/wiki/Nursemaid" title="Nursemaid">nursemaid</a>. She started reading material that her employer gave her on politics and sociology<sup id="cite_ref-scifirefa_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scifirefa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began writing around this time. </p><p>In 1937 Doris moved to Salisbury to work as a <a href="/wiki/Switchboard_operator" title="Switchboard operator">telephone operator</a>, and she soon married her first husband, civil servant Frank Wisdom, with whom she had two children (John, 1940–1992, and Jean, born in 1941), before the marriage ended in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-scifirefa_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scifirefa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessing left the family home in 1943, leaving the two children with their father.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_London;_political_views"><span id="Move_to_London.3B_political_views"></span>Move to London; political views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Move to London; political views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the divorce, Doris's interest was drawn to the community around the <a href="/wiki/Left_Book_Club" title="Left Book Club">Left Book Club</a>, an organisation she had joined the year before.<sup id="cite_ref-dobref_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobref-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was here that she met her future second husband, <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Lessing" title="Gottfried Lessing">Gottfried Lessing</a>. They married shortly after she joined the group, and had a child together (Peter, 1946–2013), before they divorced in 1949. She did not marry again.<sup id="cite_ref-scifirefa_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scifirefa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessing also had a love affair with RAF serviceman John Whitehorn (brother of journalist <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Whitehorn" title="Katharine Whitehorn">Katharine Whitehorn</a>), who was stationed in Southern Rhodesia, and wrote him ninety letters between 1943 and 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessing moved to London in 1949 with her younger son, Peter, to pursue her writing career and socialist beliefs, but left the two older children with their father Frank Wisdom. She later said that at the time she saw no choice: "For a long time I felt I had done a very brave thing. There is nothing more boring for an intelligent woman than to spend endless amounts of time with small children. I felt I wasn't the best person to bring them up. I would have ended up an alcoholic or a frustrated intellectual like my mother."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">campaigning against nuclear arms</a>, she was an active opponent of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, which led her to being banned from South Africa and Rhodesia in 1956 for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, following the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Soviet invasion of Hungary</a>, she left the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Communist Party of Great Britain">Communist Party of Great Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, when Lessing was vocal in her opposition to Soviet actions in Afghanistan,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she gave her views on feminism, communism and science fiction in an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-space_fiction_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space_fiction-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 August 2015, a five-volume secret file on Lessing built up both <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> and <a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a> was made public and placed in <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The file, which contains documents that are redacted in parts, shows Lessing was under surveillance by MI5 and MI6 for around twenty years, from the early-1940s onwards. Her associations with communist organisations and political activism were reported to be the reasons for the surveillance of Lessing.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Disaffected, and turning away from Marxist political philosophy, Lessing became increasingly absorbed with mystical and spiritual matters, devoting herself especially to the <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_career">Literary career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literary career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the age of fifteen, Lessing began to sell her stories to magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her first novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grass_Is_Singing" title="The Grass Is Singing">The Grass Is Singing</a></i>, was published in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-dobref_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobref-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work that gained her international attention, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Notebook" title="The Golden Notebook">The Golden Notebook</a></i>, was published in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcref1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcref1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of her death, she had published more than 50 novels, some under a pseudonym.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DorisLessing1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/DorisLessing1984.jpg/220px-DorisLessing1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/DorisLessing1984.jpg/330px-DorisLessing1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/DorisLessing1984.jpg/440px-DorisLessing1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>Lessing in 1984</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1982 Lessing wrote two novels under the literary pseudonym Jane Somers to show the difficulty new authors face in trying to get their work printed. The novels were rejected by Lessing's UK publisher but later accepted by another English publisher, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_(publisher)" title="Michael Joseph (publisher)">Michael Joseph</a>, and in the US by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>. <i>The Diary of a Good Neighbour</i><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was published in Britain and the US in 1983 and <i>If the Old Could</i> in both countries in 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both as written by Jane Somers. In 1984 both novels were republished in both countries (<a href="/wiki/Viking_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking Books">Viking Books</a> publishing in the US), this time under one cover, with the title <i>The Diaries of Jane Somers: The Diary of a Good Neighbour and If the Old Could</i>, listing Doris Lessing as author.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessing declined a <a href="/wiki/Dame_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame (title)">damehood</a> (DBE) in 1992 as an honour linked to a non-existent Empire; she had previously declined an OBE in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later she accepted appointment as a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour</a> at the end of 1999 for "conspicuous national service".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also made a Companion of Literature by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007 Lessing was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-winsprise_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winsprise-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She received the prize at the age of 88 years 52 days, making her the oldest winner of the literature prize at the time of the award and the third-oldest Nobel laureate in any category (after <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also only the eleventh woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a> in its 106-year history.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, just 10 years later, her Nobel medal was put up for auction.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flood2017_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flood2017-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously only one Nobel medal for literature had been sold at auction, for <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-flood2017_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flood2017-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the late-1990s Lessing had a stroke,<sup id="cite_ref-progressive_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-progressive-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which stopped her from travelling during her later years.<sup id="cite_ref-Verongos_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verongos-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was still able to attend the theatre and opera.<sup id="cite_ref-progressive_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-progressive-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She began to focus her mind on death, for example asking herself if she would have time to finish a new book.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-progressive_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-progressive-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died on 17 November 2013, aged 94, at her home in <a href="/wiki/West_Hampstead" title="West Hampstead">West Hampstead</a>, London, of kidney failure, <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a> and a chest infection,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> predeceased by her two sons, but was survived by her daughter, Jean, who lives in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was remembered with a <a href="/wiki/Humanist_celebrant" title="Humanist celebrant">humanist funeral service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiction">Fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idries_Shah.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Idries_Shah.gif" decoding="async" width="176" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Idries_Shah" title="Idries Shah">Idries Shah</a>, who introduced Lessing to <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lessingon_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lessingon-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Lessing's fiction is commonly divided into three distinct phases. </p><p>During her Communist phase (1944–56) she wrote radically about social issues, a theme to which she returned in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Terrorist" title="The Good Terrorist">The Good Terrorist</a></i> (1985). Doris Lessing's first novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grass_Is_Singing" title="The Grass Is Singing">The Grass Is Singing</a></i>, as well as the short stories later collected in <i>African Stories</i>, are set in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a> (today <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>) where she was then living.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was followed by a <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychological</a> phase from 1956 to 1969, including the <i>Golden Notebook</i> and the "Children of Violence" quintet.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Third came the <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> phase, explored in her 70s work, and in the <i><a href="/wiki/Canopus_in_Argos" title="Canopus in Argos">Canopus in Argos</a></i> sequence of science fiction (or as she preferred to put it "space fiction") novels and novellas.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessing's <i>Canopus</i> sequence received a mixed reception from mainstream <a href="/wiki/Literary_critic" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary critic">literary critics</a>. John Leonard praised her 1980 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriages_Between_Zones_Three,_Four_and_Five" title="The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five">The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five</a></i> in <i>The New York Times</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in 1982 <a href="/wiki/John_Leonard_(American_critic)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Leonard (American critic)">John Leonard</a> wrote in reference to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Representative_for_Planet_8_(novel)" title="The Making of the Representative for Planet 8 (novel)">The Making of the Representative for Planet 8</a></i> that "[o]ne of the many sins for which the 20th century will be held accountable is that it has discouraged Mrs. Lessing... She now propagandises on behalf of our insignificance in the cosmic razzmatazz",<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which Lessing replied: "What they didn't realise was that in science fiction is some of the best <a href="/wiki/Social_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Social fiction">social fiction</a> of our time. I also admire the classic sort of science fiction, like <i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Music_(novel)" title="Blood Music (novel)">Blood Music</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a>. He's a great writer."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She attended <a href="/wiki/45th_World_Science_Fiction_Convention" title="45th World Science Fiction Convention">the 1987</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Science_Fiction_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="World Science Fiction Convention">World Science Fiction Convention</a> as its Writer Guest of Honor. Here she made a speech in which she described her <a href="/wiki/Dystopian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dystopian">dystopian</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_of_a_Survivor" class="mw-redirect" title="Memoirs of a Survivor">Memoirs of a Survivor</a></i> as "an attempt at an autobiography".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Canopus in Argos</i> novels present an advanced interstellar society's efforts to accelerate the evolution of other worlds, including Earth. Using <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> concepts, to which Lessing had been introduced in the mid-1960s by her "good friend and teacher" <a href="/wiki/Idries_Shah" title="Idries Shah">Idries Shah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lessingon_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lessingon-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the series of novels also uses an approach similar to that employed by the early 20th-century mystic <a href="/wiki/G._I._Gurdjieff" class="mw-redirect" title="G. I. Gurdjieff">G. I. Gurdjieff</a> in his work <i><a href="/wiki/All_and_Everything" class="mw-redirect" title="All and Everything">All and Everything</a></i>. Earlier works of "inner space" fiction like <i><a href="/wiki/Briefing_for_a_Descent_into_Hell" title="Briefing for a Descent into Hell">Briefing for a Descent into Hell</a></i> (1971) and <i><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_of_a_Survivor" class="mw-redirect" title="Memoirs of a Survivor">Memoirs of a Survivor</a></i> (1974) also connect to this theme. Lessing's interest had turned to Sufism after coming to the realisation that Marxism ignored spiritual matters, leaving her disillusioned.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessing's novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Notebook" title="The Golden Notebook">The Golden Notebook</a></i> is considered a feminist classic by some scholars,<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but notably not by the author herself, who later wrote that its theme of mental breakdowns as a means of healing and freeing one's self from illusions had been overlooked by critics. She also regretted that critics failed to appreciate the exceptional structure of the novel. She explained in <i>Walking in the Shade</i> that she modelled Molly partly on her good friend <a href="/wiki/Joan_Rodker" title="Joan Rodker">Joan Rodker</a>, the daughter of the modernist poet and publisher <a href="/wiki/John_Rodker" title="John Rodker">John Rodker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Lessing did not like being pigeonholed as a feminist author. When asked why, she explained: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What the feminists want of me is something they haven't examined because it comes from religion. They want me to bear witness. What they would really like me to say is, 'Ha, sisters, I stand with you side by side in your struggle toward the golden dawn where all those beastly men are no more.' Do they really want people to make oversimplified statements about men and women? In fact, they do. I've come with great regret to this conclusion.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Doris Lessing, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 25 July 1982<sup id="cite_ref-space_fiction_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space_fiction-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doris_Lessing_Society">Doris Lessing Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Doris Lessing Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Doris Lessing Society is dedicated to supporting the scholarly study of Lessing's work. The formal structure of the Society dates from January 1977, when the first issue of the <i>Doris Lessing Newsletter</i> was published. In 2002 the Newsletter became the academic journal <i>Doris Lessing Studies</i>. The Society also organises panels at the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Association" title="Modern Language Association">Modern Languages Association (MLA)</a> annual Conventions and has held two international conferences in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> in 2004 and <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archives">Archives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lessing's literary archive is held by the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Humanities_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center">Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>. The 45 archival boxes of Lessing's materials at the Ransom Center contain nearly all of her extant manuscripts and typescripts up to 1999. Original material for Lessing's early books is assumed not to exist because she kept none of her early manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._McFarlin" title="Robert M. McFarlin">McFarlin</a> Library at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tulsa" title="University of Tulsa">University of Tulsa</a> holds a smaller collection.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">University of East Anglia</a>'s British Archive for Contemporary Writing holds Doris Lessing's personal archive: a vast collection of professional and personal correspondence, including the Whitehorn letters, a collection of love letters from the 1940s, written when Lessing was still living in Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia). The collection also includes forty years of personal diaries. Some of the archive remains embargoed during the writing of Lessing's official <a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">biography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Maugham_Award" title="Somerset Maugham Award">Somerset Maugham Award</a> (1954)</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Prix_M%C3%A9dicis_%C3%A9tranger" class="mw-redirect" title="Prix Médicis étranger">Prix Médicis étranger</a></i></span> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" title="Austrian State Prize for European Literature">Austrian State Prize for European Literature</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Prize" title="Shakespeare Prize">Shakespeare Prize</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Toepfer_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Toepfer Foundation">Alfred Toepfer Foundation</a>, Hamburg (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WH_Smith_Literary_Award" title="WH Smith Literary Award">WH Smith Literary Award</a> (1986)</li> <li>Palermo Prize (1987)</li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Premio Internazionale Mondello</i></span> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinzane_Cavour_Prize" title="Grinzane Cavour Prize">Grinzane Cavour Prize</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tait_Black_Memorial_Prize" title="James Tait Black Memorial Prize">James Tait Black Memorial Prize</a> for biography (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times_Book_Prize" title="Los Angeles Times Book Prize">Los Angeles Times Book Prize</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia_International_Prize" title="Catalonia International Prize">Catalonia International Prize</a> (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Literature" title="Companion of Literature">Companion of Literature</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cohen_Prize" title="David Cohen Prize">David Cohen Prize</a> (2001)</li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Premio_Pr%C3%ADncipe_de_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Premio Príncipe de Asturias">Premio Príncipe de Asturias</a></i></span> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.T._Dupont_Golden_PEN_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="S.T. Dupont Golden PEN Award">S.T. Dupont Golden PEN Award</a> (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mapungubwe" title="Order of Mapungubwe">Order of Mapungubwe</a>: Category II Gold (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-OMG_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMG-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grass_Is_Singing" title="The Grass Is Singing">The Grass Is Singing</a></i> (1950) (filmed as <i><a href="/wiki/Killing_Heat" title="Killing Heat">Killing Heat</a></i> (1981))</li> <li><i>Retreat to Innocence</i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Notebook" title="The Golden Notebook">The Golden Notebook</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Briefing_for_a_Descent_into_Hell" title="Briefing for a Descent into Hell">Briefing for a Descent into Hell</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i>The Summer Before the Dark</i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Memoirs_of_a_Survivor" title="The Memoirs of a Survivor">The Memoirs of a Survivor</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i>The Diary of a Good Neighbour</i> (as Jane Somers, 1983)</li> <li><i>If the Old Could...</i> (as Jane Somers, 1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Terrorist" title="The Good Terrorist">The Good Terrorist</a> </i>(1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Child" title="The Fifth Child">The Fifth Child</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i>Love, Again</i> (1996)</li> <li><i>Mara and Dann</i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ben,_in_the_World" title="Ben, in the World">Ben, in the World</a></i> (2000) – sequel to <i>The Fifth Child</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sweetest_Dream" title="The Sweetest Dream">The Sweetest Dream</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i>The Story of General Dann and Mara's Daughter, Griot and the Snow Dog</i> (2005) – the sequel to <i>Mara and Dann</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cleft" title="The Cleft">The Cleft</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Violence" title="Children of Violence">Children of Violence</a> series (1952–1969)</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Martha_Quest" title="Martha Quest">Martha Quest</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Proper_Marriage" title="A Proper Marriage">A Proper Marriage</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Ripple_from_the_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="A Ripple from the Storm">A Ripple from the Storm</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Landlocked_(novel)" title="Landlocked (novel)">Landlocked</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four-Gated_City" title="The Four-Gated City">The Four-Gated City</a></i> (1969)</li></ul> <dl><dt>The <a href="/wiki/Canopus_in_Argos" title="Canopus in Argos">Canopus in Argos: Archives</a> series (1979–1983)</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikasta" title="Shikasta">Shikasta</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriages_Between_Zones_Three,_Four_and_Five" title="The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five">The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sirian_Experiments" title="The Sirian Experiments">The Sirian Experiments</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Representative_for_Planet_8_(novel)" title="The Making of the Representative for Planet 8 (novel)">The Making of the Representative for Planet 8</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sentimental_Agents_in_the_Volyen_Empire" title="The Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire">The Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire</a></i> (1983)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera_libretti">Opera libretti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Opera libretti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Representative_for_Planet_8_(opera)" title="The Making of the Representative for Planet 8 (opera)">The Making of the Representative for Planet 8</a></i> (music by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Glass" title="Philip Glass">Philip Glass</a>, 1986)</li> <li><i>The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five</i> (music by Philip Glass, 1997)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comics">Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Playing the Game</i> (<a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Adlard" title="Charlie Adlard">Charlie Adlard</a>, 1995)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drama">Drama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Drama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Each His Own Wilderness</i> (three plays, 1959)</li> <li><i>Play with a Tiger</i> (1962)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry_collections">Poetry collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Poetry collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Fourteen Poems</i> (1959)</li> <li><i>The Wolf People – INPOPA Anthology 2002</i> (poems by Lessing, Robert Twigger and T.H. Benson, 2002)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_story_collections">Short story collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Short story collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>This Was the Old Chief's Country</i> (1951)</li> <li><i>Five Short Novels</i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Through_the_Tunnel" title="Through the Tunnel">Through the Tunnel</a></i> (1955)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Habit of Loving</i> (1957)</li> <li><i>A Man and Two Women</i> (1963)</li> <li><i>African Stories</i> (1964)</li> <li><i>Winter in July</i> (1966)</li> <li><i>The Black Madonna</i> (1966)</li> <li><i>The Story of a Non-Marrying Man</i> (1972)</li> <li><i>This Was the Old Chief's Country: Collected African Stories, Vol. 1</i> (1973)</li> <li><i>The Sun Between Their Feet: Collected African Stories, Vol. 2</i> (1973)</li> <li><i>To Room Nineteen: Collected Stories, Vol. 1</i> (1978)</li> <li><i>The Temptation of Jack Orkney: Collected Stories, Vol. 2</i> (1978)</li> <li><i>Stories</i> (1978)</li> <li><i>London Observed: Stories and Sketches</i> (1992)</li> <li><i>The Real Thing: Stories and Sketches</i> (1992)</li> <li><i>Spies I Have Known</i> (1995)</li> <li><i>The Pit</i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grandmothers:_Four_Short_Novels" title="The Grandmothers: Four Short Novels">The Grandmothers: Four Short Novels</a></i> (2003) (filmed as <a href="/wiki/Two_Mothers_(2013_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Mothers (2013 film)">Two Mothers</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Cat Tales</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Particularly Cats</i> (stories and nonfiction, 1967)</li> <li><i>Particularly Cats and Rufus the Survivor</i> (stories and nonfiction, 1993)</li> <li><i>The Old Age of El Magnifico</i> (stories and nonfiction, 2000)</li> <li><i>On Cats</i> (2002) – omnibus edition containing the above three books</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autobiography_and_memoirs">Autobiography and memoirs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Autobiography and memoirs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Going Home</i> (memoir, 1957)</li> <li><i>African Laughter: Four Visits to Zimbabwe</i> (memoir, 1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Under_My_Skin_(book)" title="Under My Skin (book)">Under My Skin: Volume One of My Autobiography, to 1949</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i>Walking in the Shade: Volume Two of My Autobiography, 1949 to 1962</i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_and_Emily" title="Alfred and Emily">Alfred and Emily</a></i> (memoir/fiction hybrid, 2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_non-fiction">Other non-fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other non-fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>In Pursuit of the English</i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prisons_We_Choose_to_Live_Inside" title="Prisons We Choose to Live Inside">Prisons We Choose to Live Inside</a></i> (essays, 1987)</li> <li><i>The Wind Blows Away Our Words</i> (1987)</li> <li><i>A Small Personal Voice</i> (essays, 1994)</li> <li><i>Conversations</i> (interviews, edited by Earl G. Ingersoll, 1994)</li> <li><i>Putting the Questions Differently</i> (interviews, edited by Earl G. Ingersoll, 1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Time_Bites:_Views_and_Reviews" title="Time Bites: Views and Reviews">Time Bites: Views and Reviews</a></i> (essays, 2004)</li> <li><i>On Not Winning the Nobel Prize</i> (Nobel Lecture, 2007, published 2008)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_Nobel_laureates" title="List of female Nobel laureates">List of female Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declining_a_British_honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Declining a British honour">Declining a British honour</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStanford2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stanford" title="Peter Stanford">Stanford, Peter</a> (22 November 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/10467963/Doris-Lessing-A-mother-much-misunderstood.html">"Doris Lessing: A mother much misunderstood"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/10467963/Doris-Lessing-A-mother-much-misunderstood.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing%3A+A+mother+much+misunderstood&rft.date=2013-11-22&rft.aulast=Stanford&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2F10467963%2FDoris-Lessing-A-mother-much-misunderstood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2007/index.html">"NobelPrize.org"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NobelPrize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F2007%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrown2007" class="citation news cs1">Crown, Sarah (11 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,2188747,00.html">"Doris Lessing wins Nobel prize"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing+wins+Nobel+prize&rft.date=2007-10-11&rft.aulast=Crown&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.guardian.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F0%2C%2C2188747%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Editors at BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7039100.stm">"Author Lessing wins Nobel honour"</a>, BBC News, 23 October 2007. Retrieved 12 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oldest-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oldest_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marchand, Philip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/article/266062">"Doris Lessing oldest to win literature award"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i>, 12 October 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(5 January 2008). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425050801/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece">"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece">the original</a> on 25 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+50+greatest+British+writers+since+1945&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Fbooks%2Farticle3127837.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span>. <i>The Times</i>. Retrieved 25 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-englishbloom-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-englishbloom_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazelton2007" class="citation news cs1">Hazelton, Lesley (11 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024030417/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=anexY5Z5sGgw&refer=home">"Golden Notebook' Author Lessing Wins Nobel Prize"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=anexY5Z5sGgw">the original</a> on 24 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Golden+Notebook%27+Author+Lessing+Wins+Nobel+Prize&rft.date=2007-10-11&rft.aulast=Hazelton&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3D20601087%26sid%3DanexY5Z5sGgw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-broken-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-broken_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarole_Klein" class="citation news cs1">Carole Klein. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/k/klein-lessing.html">"Doris Lessing"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing&rft.au=Carole+Klein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Ffirst%2Fk%2Fklein-lessing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scifirefa-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scifirefa_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scifirefa_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scifirefa_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scifirefa_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiukkonen" class="citation web cs1">Liukkonen, Petri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080608133357/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/dlessing.htm">"Doris Lessing"</a>. <i>Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)</i>. Finland: <a href="/wiki/Kuusankoski" title="Kuusankoski">Kuusankoski</a> Public Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/dlessing.htm">the original</a> on 8 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Books+and+Writers+%28kirjasto.sci.fi%29&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing&rft.aulast=Liukkonen&rft.aufirst=Petri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirjasto.sci.fi%2Fdlessing.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-space_fiction-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-space_fiction_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-space_fiction_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-space_fiction_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazelton1982" class="citation news cs1">Hazelton, Lesley (25 July 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mural.uv.es/vemivein/feminismcommunism.htm">"Doris Lessing on Feminism, Communism and 'Space Fiction'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing+on+Feminism%2C+Communism+and+%27Space+Fiction%27&rft.date=1982-07-25&rft.aulast=Hazelton&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmural.uv.es%2Fvemivein%2Ffeminismcommunism.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcref1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcref1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcref1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7039100.stm">"Author Lessing wins Nobel honour"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 11 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Author+Lessing+wins+Nobel+honour&rft.date=2007-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F7039100.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dobref-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dobref_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobref_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobref_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorislessing.org/biography.html">"Biography"</a>. <i>A Reader's Guide to The Golden Notebook and Under My Skin</i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Reader%27s+Guide+to+The+Golden+Notebook+and+Under+My+Skin&rft.atitle=Biography&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dorislessing.org%2Fbiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UnderMySkin-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UnderMySkin_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UnderMySkin_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessing1994" class="citation book cs1">Lessing, Doris (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/undermyskinvolum01less"><i>Under My Skin: Volume One of My Autobiography, to 1949</i></a></span>. London: Harper Collins. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/undermyskinvolum01less/page/147">147</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/000255545X" title="Special:BookSources/000255545X"><bdi>000255545X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+My+Skin%3A+Volume+One+of+My+Autobiography%2C+to+1949&rft.place=London&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=000255545X&rft.aulast=Lessing&rft.aufirst=Doris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fundermyskinvolum01less&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5twsK0hVK2MC&q=doris+lessing+left+book+club+1942&pg=PA27"><i>Brief Chronology</i></a>. Broadview Press. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781551113630" title="Special:BookSources/9781551113630"><bdi>9781551113630</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brief+Chronology&rft.pub=Broadview+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781551113630&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5twsK0hVK2MC%26q%3Ddoris%2Blessing%2Bleft%2Bbook%2Bclub%2B1942%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2008" class="citation news cs1">Flood, Alison (22 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/oct/22/doris-lessing-letters">"Doris Lessing donates revelatory letters to university"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing+donates+revelatory+letters+to+university&rft.date=2008-10-22&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2008%2Foct%2F22%2Fdoris-lessing-letters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mag.newsweek.com/2010/05/06/lowering-the-bar.html">"Lowering the Bar. When bad mothers give us hope"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150430141440/http://mag.newsweek.com/2010/05/06/lowering-the-bar.html">Archived</a> 30 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>, 6 May 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Guttridge2013" class="citation news cs1">Peter Guttridge (17 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/doris-lessing-nobel-prizewinning-author-whose-work-ranged-from-social-and-political-realism-to-science-fiction-8945459.html">"Doris Lessing: Nobel Prize-winning author whose work ranged from social and political realism to science fiction"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing%3A+Nobel+Prize-winning+author+whose+work+ranged+from+social+and+political+realism+to+science+fiction&rft.date=2013-11-17&rft.au=Peter+Guttridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fdoris-lessing-nobel-prizewinning-author-whose-work-ranged-from-social-and-political-realism-to-science-fiction-8945459.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2013" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Stephen (17 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304439804579203804274045712">"Nobel Author Doris Lessing Dies at 94"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Nobel+Author+Doris+Lessing+Dies+at+94&rft.date=2013-11-17&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052702304439804579203804274045712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/1988/0114/dbless.html">"Doris Lessing blows the veil of romanticism off Afghanistan"</a>, <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i>, 14 January 1988.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shirbon, Estelle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307164336/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-mi5-lessing-idUKKCN0QP2DY20150820?feedType=RSS&feedName=domesticNews">"British spies reveal file on Nobel-winner Doris Lessing"</a>, Reuters, 21 August 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norton-Taylor, Richard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/aug/21/mi5-spied-on-doris-lessing-for-20-years-declassified-documents-reveal">"MI5 spied on Doris Lessing for 20 years, declassified documents reveal"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 21 August 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hajer Elarem, 2015. "A Quest for Selfhood: Deconstructing and Reconstructing Female Identity in Doris Lessing's Early Fiction", academic paper. Université de Franche-Comté.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessing" class="citation web cs1">Lessing, Doris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorislessing.org/biography.html">"Biography (From the pamphlet: <i>A Reader's Guide to The Golden Notebook & Under My Skin</i>, HarperPerennial, 1995)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+%28From+the+pamphlet%3A+A+Reader%27s+Guide+to+The+Golden+Notebook+%26+Under+My+Skin%2C+HarperPerennial%2C+1995%29&rft.aulast=Lessing&rft.aufirst=Doris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dorislessing.org%2Fbiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2013" class="citation news cs1">Kennedy, Maev (17 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/17/doris-lessing-dies-94">"Doris Lessing dies aged 94"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing+dies+aged+94&rft.date=2013-11-17&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Maev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2013%2Fnov%2F17%2Fdoris-lessing-dies-94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorislessing.org/thea.html">"The Diary of a Good Neighbour by Doris Lessing"</a>. Doris Lessing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Diary+of+a+Good+Neighbour+by+Doris+Lessing&rft.pub=Doris+Lessing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dorislessing.org%2Fthea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorislessing.org/ifthe.html">"If the Old Could by Doris Lessing"</a>. <i>www.dorislessing.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dorislessing.org&rft.atitle=If+the+Old+Could+by+Doris+Lessing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dorislessing.org%2Fifthe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanft, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/adam-hanft/when-doris-lessing-became_b_68118.html">"When Doris Lessing Became Jane Somers and Tricked the Publishing World (And Possibly Herself In the Process)"</a>. <i>The Huffington Post</i>, 10 November 2007. Updated 25 May 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2008" class="citation news cs1">Flood, Alison (22 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/oct/22/doris-lessing-letters">"Doris Lessing donates revelatory letters to university"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing+donates+revelatory+letters+to+university&rft.date=2008-10-22&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2008%2Foct%2F22%2Fdoris-lessing-letters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014024848/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/lessingd2.shtml">"Doris Lessing interview"</a>. BBC Radio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/lessingd2.shtml">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Audio)</span> on 14 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doris+Lessing+interview&rft.pub=BBC+Radio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbbcfour%2Faudiointerviews%2Fprofilepages%2Flessingd2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707111745/http://www.rslit.org/companions.htm">"Companions of Literature list"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rslit.org/companions.htm">the original</a> on 7 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Companions+of+Literature+list&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rslit.org%2Fcompanions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-winsprise-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-winsprise_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rich, Motoko and Lyall, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/11/world/11cnd-nobel.html?ex=1349841600&en=fe6db48996e06f03&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink">"Doris Lessing Wins Nobel Prize in Literature"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Retrieved 11 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hurwicz won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 2007 aged 90. Davis received the 2002 Physics Prize at 88 years 57 days. Their birth dates are shown in their biographies at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org">Nobel Prize website</a>, which states that the awards are given annually on 10 December.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre-Henry Deshayes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22571058-663,00.html">"Doris Lessing wins Nobel Literature Prize"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013083314/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22571058-663,00.html">Archived</a> 13 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Herald Sun</i>. Retrieved 16 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reynolds, Nigel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012091706/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/10/11/nlessing111.xml">"Doris Lessing wins Nobel prize for literature"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Retrieved 15 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=6118889">"Valuable Books and Manuscripts"</a>. Christie's. 13 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valuable+Books+and+Manuscripts&rft.pub=Christie%27s&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christies.com%2Flotfinder%2Flot_details.aspx%3FintObjectID%3D6118889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flood2017-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flood2017_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flood2017_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlison_Flood2017" class="citation web cs1">Alison Flood (7 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/dec/07/doris-lessing-nobel-prize-literature-medal-goes-up-for-auction">"Doris Lessing's Nobel medal goes up for auction"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing%27s+Nobel+medal+goes+up+for+auction&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft.au=Alison+Flood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2017%2Fdec%2F07%2Fdoris-lessing-nobel-prize-literature-medal-goes-up-for-auction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-progressive-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-progressive_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-progressive_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-progressive_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaskin,_Jonah1999" class="citation web cs1">Raskin, Jonah (June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorislessing.org/theprogressive.html">"The Progressive Interview: Doris Lessing"</a>. <i>The Progressive (reprint)</i>. dorislessing.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Progressive+%28reprint%29&rft.atitle=The+Progressive+Interview%3A+Doris+Lessing&rft.date=1999-06&rft.au=Raskin%2C+Jonah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dorislessing.org%2Ftheprogressive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Verongos-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Verongos_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelen_T._Verongos2013" class="citation news cs1">Helen T. Verongos (17 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/18/books/doris-lessing-novelist-who-won-2007-nobel-is-dead-at-94.html">"Doris Lessing, Novelist Who Won 2007 Nobel, is Dead at 94"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing%2C+Novelist+Who+Won+2007+Nobel%2C+is+Dead+at+94&rft.date=2013-11-17&rft.au=Helen+T.+Verongos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F11%2F18%2Fbooks%2Fdoris-lessing-novelist-who-won-2007-nobel-is-dead-at-94.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslen2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Maslen, Elizabeth (1 January 2017). "Lessing [née Tayler], Doris May (1919–2013), writer". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F108270">10.1093/ref:odnb/108270</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lessing+%5Bn%C3%A9e+Tayler%5D%2C+Doris+May+%281919%E2%80%932013%29%2C+writer&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F108270&rft.aulast=Maslen&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24979129">"Author Doris Lessing dies aged 94"</a>, BBC. Retrieved 17 November 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanism.org.uk/2018/04/24/humanists-uk-launches-first-ever-funeral-tribute-archive/">"Humanists UK launches first ever funeral tribute archive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Humanists_UK" title="Humanists UK">Humanists UK</a></i>. 24 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Humanists+UK&rft.atitle=Humanists+UK+launches+first+ever+funeral+tribute+archive&rft.date=2018-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanism.org.uk%2F2018%2F04%2F24%2Fhumanists-uk-launches-first-ever-funeral-tribute-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lessingon-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lessingon_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lessingon_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessing" class="citation web cs1">Lessing, Doris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorislessing.org/on.html">"On the Death of Idries Shah (excerpt from Shah's obituary in the London <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>)"</a>. dorislessing.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Death+of+Idries+Shah+%28excerpt+from+Shah%27s+obituary+in+the+London+The+Daily+Telegraph%29&rft.pub=dorislessing.org&rft.aulast=Lessing&rft.aufirst=Doris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dorislessing.org%2Fon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinckney" class="citation news cs1">Pinckney, Darryl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2023/04/06/zimbabwes-wounds-of-empire-tsitsi-dangarembga/">"Zimbabwe's Wounds of Empire | Darryl Pinckney"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-7504">0028-7504</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zimbabwe%27s+Wounds+of+Empire+%7C+Darryl+Pinckney&rft.issn=0028-7504&rft.aulast=Pinckney&rft.aufirst=Darryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F2023%2F04%2F06%2Fzimbabwes-wounds-of-empire-tsitsi-dangarembga%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench2018" class="citation news cs1">French, Patrick (3 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/mar/03/free-woman-life-liberation-doris-lessing-lara-feigel-review">"Free Woman: Life, Liberation and Doris Lessing by Lara Feigel – review"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Free+Woman%3A+Life%2C+Liberation+and+Doris+Lessing+by+Lara+Feigel+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2018-03-03&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2018%2Fmar%2F03%2Ffree-woman-life-liberation-doris-lessing-lara-feigel-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/doris-lessing-sufi-connection/">"Doris Lessing: the Sufi connection"</a>. <i>openDemocracy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openDemocracy&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing%3A+the+Sufi+connection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fdoris-lessing-sufi-connection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard1980" class="citation news cs1">Leonard, John (27 March 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1980/03/27/archives/books-of-the-times-gentle-book.html">"Books of the Times; Gentle Book"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Books+of+the+Times%3B+Gentle+Book&rft.date=1980-03-27&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1980%2F03%2F27%2Farchives%2Fbooks-of-the-times-gentle-book.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard1982" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Leonard_(American_critic)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Leonard (American critic)">Leonard, John</a> (7 February 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/07/books/the-spacing-out-of-doris-lessing.html">"The Spacing Out of Doris Lessing"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Spacing+Out+of+Doris+Lessing&rft.date=1982-02-07&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F02%2F07%2Fbooks%2Fthe-spacing-out-of-doris-lessing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorislessing.org/boston.html">Doris Lessing: Hot Dawns</a></i>, interview by Harvey Blume in <i>Boston Book Review</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Guest of Honor Speech", in <i>Worldcon Guest of Honor Speeches</i>, edited by Mike Resnick and Joe Siclari (Deerfield, IL: ISFIC Press, 2006), p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Postcolonial Nostalgias: Writing, Representation and Memory", Volume 31 of <i>Routledge research in postcolonial literatures</i>, Dennis Walder, Taylor & Francis ltd, 2010, p92. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203840382" title="Special:BookSources/9780203840382">9780203840382</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPR-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NPR_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=245955408">"Fresh Air Remembers 'Golden Notebook' Author Doris Lessing"</a>. NPR. 18 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fresh+Air+Remembers+%27Golden+Notebook%27+Author+Doris+Lessing&rft.date=2013-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Ftranscript%2Ftranscript.php%3FstoryId%3D245955408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott, Lynda, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.otago.ac.nz/DeepSouth/0498/0498lynda.htm">"Lessing's Early and Transitional Novels: The Beginnings of a Sense of Selfhood"</a>, <i>Deepsouth</i>, vol. 4, no. 1 (Autumn 1998). Retrieved 17 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dorislessingsociety.wordpress.com/">"Doris Lessing Society"</a>. <i>Doris Lessing Society</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Doris+Lessing+Society&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdorislessingsociety.wordpress.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011203333/http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/press/releases/2007/lessing.html">"Harry Ransom Center Holds Archive of Nobel Laureate Doris Lessing"</a>. hrc.utexas.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/press/releases/2007/lessing.html">the original</a> on 11 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harry+Ransom+Center+Holds+Archive+of+Nobel+Laureate+Doris+Lessing&rft.pub=hrc.utexas.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrc.utexas.edu%2Fpress%2Freleases%2F2007%2Flessing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utulsa.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/260">"Doris Lessing manuscripts"</a>. lib.utulsa.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doris+Lessing+manuscripts&rft.pub=lib.utulsa.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futulsa.as.atlas-sys.com%2Frepositories%2F2%2Fresources%2F260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uea.ac.uk/bacw/lessing">"Doris Lessing Archive"</a>. University of Tulsa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doris+Lessing+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+Tulsa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uea.ac.uk%2Fbacw%2Flessing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/CulturaDepartament/Cultura/Documents/Arxiu/Arxius%20GT/MemoriaDC1999.pdf">"Memòria del Departament de Cultura 1999"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Catalan). Generalitat de Catalunya. 1999. p. 38. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/CulturaDepartament/Cultura/Documents/Arxiu/Arxius%20GT/MemoriaDC1999.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mem%C3%B2ria+del+Departament+de+Cultura+1999&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Generalitat+de+Catalunya&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww20.gencat.cat%2Fdocs%2FCulturaDepartament%2FCultura%2FDocuments%2FArxiu%2FArxius%2520GT%2FMemoriaDC1999.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121121020544/http://www.englishpen.org/prizes/golden-pen-award-for-a-lifetimes-distinguished-service-to-literature/">"Golden Pen Award, official website"</a>. <a href="/wiki/English_PEN" title="English PEN">English PEN</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.englishpen.org/prizes/golden-pen-award-for-a-lifetimes-distinguished-service-to-literature">the original</a> on 21 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+Pen+Award%2C+official+website&rft.pub=English+PEN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishpen.org%2Fprizes%2Fgolden-pen-award-for-a-lifetimes-distinguished-service-to-literature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OMG-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OMG_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122124823/http://www.sahistory.org.za/technology/national-orders-recipients-2008">"National Orders Recipients 2008"</a>. South African History Online. 28 October 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/technology/national-orders-recipients-2008">the original</a> on 22 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Orders+Recipients+2008&rft.pub=South+African+History+Online&rft.date=2008-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Ftechnology%2Fnational-orders-recipients-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lessing, Doris. "Through the Tunnel." The New Yorker, 6 Aug. 1955, p. 67.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiski2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Diski" title="Jenny Diski">Diski, Jenny</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HwupCwAAQBAJ"><i>In gratitude</i></a>. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-408-87992-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-408-87992-4"><bdi>978-1-408-87992-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+gratitude&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-408-87992-4&rft.aulast=Diski&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHwupCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahim1995" class="citation book cs1">Fahim, Shadia S. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KlR0QgAACAAJ"><i>Doris Lessing: Sufi Equilibrium and the Form of the Novel</i></a>. Basingstoke, UK/New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan/St. Martins Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-10293-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-10293-3"><bdi>0-312-10293-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doris+Lessing%3A+Sufi+Equilibrium+and+the+Form+of+the+Novel&rft.place=Basingstoke%2C+UK%2FNew+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan%2FSt.+Martins+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-312-10293-3&rft.aulast=Fahim&rft.aufirst=Shadia+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKlR0QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrick1988" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Frick, Thomas (Spring 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2537/the-art-of-fiction-no-102-doris-lessing">"Doris Lessing, The Art of Fiction No. 102"</a>. <i>The Paris Review</i>. Spring 1988 (106).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Doris+Lessing%2C+The+Art+of+Fiction+No.+102&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=Spring+1988&rft.issue=106&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Frick&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F2537%2Fthe-art-of-fiction-no-102-doris-lessing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalin1997" class="citation book cs1">Galin, Müge (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EbHys4CzN0YC&pg=PP1"><i>Between East and West: Sufism in the Novels of Doris Lessing</i></a>. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-3383-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-3383-8"><bdi>0-7914-3383-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+East+and+West%3A+Sufism+in+the+Novels+of+Doris+Lessing&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7914-3383-8&rft.aulast=Galin&rft.aufirst=M%C3%BCge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEbHys4CzN0YC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaschkeSternberg_PerrakisSinger2010" class="citation book cs1">Raschke, Debrah; Sternberg Perrakis, Phyllis; Singer, Sandra (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402211905/https://ohiostatepress.org/index.htm?books/book%2520pages/raschke%2520doris.html"><i>Doris Lessing: Interrogating the Times</i></a>. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8142-1136-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8142-1136-6"><bdi>978-0-8142-1136-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ohiostatepress.org/index.htm?books/book%20pages/raschke%20doris.html">the original</a> on 2 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doris+Lessing%3A+Interrogating+the+Times&rft.place=Columbus%2C+OH&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8142-1136-6&rft.aulast=Raschke&rft.aufirst=Debrah&rft.au=Sternberg+Perrakis%2C+Phyllis&rft.au=Singer%2C+Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fohiostatepress.org%2Findex.htm%3Fbooks%2Fbook%2520pages%2Fraschke%2520doris.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidout2010" class="citation book cs1">Ridout, Alice (2010). <i>Contemporary Women Writers Look Back: From Irony to Nostalgia</i>. London: Continuum International Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-3023-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-3023-5"><bdi>978-1-4411-3023-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Women+Writers+Look+Back%3A+From+Irony+to+Nostalgia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-3023-5&rft.aulast=Ridout&rft.aufirst=Alice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidoutWatkins2009" class="citation book cs1">Ridout, Alice; Watkins, Susan (2009). <i>Doris Lessing: Border Crossings</i>. London: Continuum International Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-0416-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-0416-8"><bdi>978-1-4411-0416-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doris+Lessing%3A+Border+Crossings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-0416-8&rft.aulast=Ridout&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.au=Watkins%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkille1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nan_Bentzen_Skille" title="Nan Bentzen Skille">Skille, Nan Bentzen</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1STUOwAACAAJ"><i>Fragmentation and Integration. A Critical Study of Doris Lessing, The Golden Notebook</i></a>. University of Bergen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fragmentation+and+Integration.+A+Critical+Study+of+Doris+Lessing%2C+The+Golden+Notebook&rft.pub=University+of+Bergen&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Skille&rft.aufirst=Nan+Bentzen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1STUOwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkins2010" class="citation book cs1">Watkins, Susan (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121224193703/http://www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/cgi-bin/indexer?product=9780719074813"><i>Doris Lessing</i></a>. Manchester UP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-7481-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-7481-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-7481-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/cgi-bin/indexer?product=9780719074813">the original</a> on 24 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doris+Lessing&rft.pub=Manchester+UP&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-7481-3&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Findexer%3Fproduct%3D9780719074813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe2019" class="citation book cs1">Wolfe, Graham (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jQedDwAAQBAJ&q=theatre-fiction+in+Britain+Routledge&pg=PT2"><i>Theatre-Fiction in Britain from Henry James to Doris Lessing: Writing in the Wings</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000124361" title="Special:BookSources/9781000124361"><bdi>9781000124361</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theatre-Fiction+in+Britain+from+Henry+James+to+Doris+Lessing%3A+Writing+in+the+Wings&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781000124361&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjQedDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtheatre-fiction%2Bin%2BBritain%2BRoutledge%26pg%3DPT2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoris+Lessing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External 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decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Doris_Lessing" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorislessingsociety.wordpress.com/">Doris Lessing Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=00166">Doris Lessing Papers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uea.ac.uk/library/british-archive-for-contemporary-writing/a-z-writers/doris-lessing">Doris Lessing Papers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">University of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utulsa.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/260">Doris Lessing Collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tulsa" title="University of Tulsa">University of Tulsa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL27709A">Works by Doris Lessing</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40874#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40874#P1233" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/doris-lessing">Doris Lessing</a> at <a href="/wiki/British_Council" title="British Council">British Council</a>: Literature</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/817">Doris Lessing</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40874#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> with the Nobel Lecture 7 December 2007 <i>On not winning the Nobel Prize</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0504363/">Doris Lessing</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lettersofnote.com/2013/11/dame-of-what.html">Transcript of Doris Lessing's "Dame" rejection letter to the John Major Government</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228121902/http://www.lettersofnote.com/2013/11/dame-of-what.html">Archived</a> 28 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreatcat.org/cat-stories-cats-doris-lessing/">Doris Lessing, Excerpts 'On Cats'</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorislessing.org/">Doris Lessing homepage</a> created by Jan Hanford</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130213085512/http://cle.ens-lyon.fr/81124711/0/fiche___pagelibre/">"The shadow of the fifth": patterns of exclusion in Doris Lessing's <i>The Fifth Child</i> (Anne-Laure Brevet)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webofstories.com/people/doris.lessing">Doris Lessing at</a> <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Stories" title="Web of Stories">Web of Stories</a> (videos)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504061956/http://www.usfca.edu/jco/dorislessing/">Joyce Carol Oates on Doris Lessing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/page/0,,2188798,00.html">Doris Lessing Page at <i>Guardian Unlimited</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/18/books/doris-lessing-novelist-who-won-2007-nobel-is-dead-at-94.html?pagewanted=all">Doris Lessing, Author Who Swept Aside Convention, Is Dead at 94</a>, by Helen T Virongos & Emma G. Fitzsimmons, New York Times, 2013-11-18. (Page A1, 2013-11-17).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?51305">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp10829">Portraits of Doris Lessing</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40874#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreatcat.org/cats-20th-century-cats-literature-doris-lessing/">Cats in Literature – Doris Lessing</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Doris_Lessing" title="Template:Doris Lessing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Doris_Lessing" title="Template talk:Doris Lessing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Doris_Lessing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Doris Lessing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_Doris_Lessing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doris Lessing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grass_Is_Singing" title="The Grass Is Singing">The Grass Is Singing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martha_Quest" title="Martha Quest">Martha Quest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Proper_Marriage" title="A Proper Marriage">A Proper Marriage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Notebook" title="The Golden Notebook">The Golden Notebook</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Briefing_for_a_Descent_into_Hell" title="Briefing for a Descent into Hell">Briefing for a Descent into Hell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Ripple_from_the_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="A Ripple from the Storm">A Ripple from the Storm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Landlocked_(novel)" title="Landlocked (novel)">Landlocked</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four-Gated_City" title="The Four-Gated City">The Four-Gated City</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Memoirs_of_a_Survivor" title="The Memoirs of a Survivor">The Memoirs of a Survivor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikasta" title="Shikasta">Shikasta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriages_Between_Zones_Three,_Four_and_Five" title="The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five">The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sirian_Experiments" title="The Sirian Experiments">The Sirian Experiments</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Representative_for_Planet_8_(novel)" title="The Making of the Representative for Planet 8 (novel)">The Making of the Representative for Planet 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sentimental_Agents_in_the_Volyen_Empire" title="The Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire">The Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Terrorist" title="The Good Terrorist">The Good Terrorist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Child" title="The Fifth Child">The Fifth Child</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ben,_in_the_World" title="Ben, in the World">Ben, in the World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sweetest_Dream" title="The Sweetest Dream">The Sweetest Dream</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cleft" title="The Cleft">The Cleft</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Through_the_Tunnel" title="Through the Tunnel">Through the Tunnel</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flight_(Lessing_story)" title="Flight (Lessing story)">Flight</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prisons_We_Choose_to_Live_Inside" title="Prisons We Choose to Live Inside">Prisons We Choose to Live Inside</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grandmothers:_Four_Short_Novels" title="The Grandmothers: Four Short Novels">The Grandmothers: Four Short Novels</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autobiography/<br />memoirs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Under_My_Skin_(book)" title="Under My Skin (book)">Under My Skin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_and_Emily" title="Alfred and Emily">Alfred and Emily</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopus_in_Argos" title="Canopus in Argos">Canopus in Argos</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Representative_for_Planet_8_(opera)" title="The Making of the Representative for Planet 8 (opera)">The Making of the Representative for Planet 8</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_received_by_Doris_Lessing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_received_by_Doris_Lessing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards received by Doris Lessing</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" title="Template:Austrian State Prize for European Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" title="Template talk:Austrian State Prize for European Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian State Prize for European Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" title="Austrian State Prize for European Literature">Austrian State Prize for European Literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Herbert" title="Zbigniew Herbert">Zbigniew Herbert</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasko_Popa" title="Vasko Popa">Vasko Popa</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> (1968)</li> <li><span style="color:gray"><i>Not given</i></span> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ionesco" title="Eugène Ionesco">Eugène Ionesco</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Huchel" title="Peter Huchel">Peter Huchel</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82awomir_Mro%C5%BCek" title="Sławomir Mrożek">Sławomir Mrożek</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_We%C3%B6res" title="Sándor Weöres">Sándor Weöres</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Krle%C5%BEa" title="Miroslav Krleža">Miroslav Krleža</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Calvino" title="Italo Calvino">Italo Calvino</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Kohout" title="Pavel Kohout">Pavel Kohout</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulvio_Tomizza" title="Fulvio Tomizza">Fulvio Tomizza</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Kirsch" title="Sarah Kirsch">Sarah Kirsch</a> (1980)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doris Lessing</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_R%C3%B3%C5%BCewicz" title="Tadeusz Różewicz">Tadeusz Różewicz</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_Wolf" title="Christa Wolf">Christa Wolf</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Stanisław Lem">Stanisław Lem</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Manganelli" title="Giorgio Manganelli">Giorgio Manganelli</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Kundera" title="Milan Kundera">Milan Kundera</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Szczypiorski" title="Andrzej Szczypiorski">Andrzej Szczypiorski</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Duras" title="Marguerite Duras">Marguerite Duras</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Hei%C3%9Fenb%C3%BCttel" title="Helmut Heißenbüttel">Helmut Heissenbüttel</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_N%C3%A1das" title="Péter Nádas">Péter Nádas</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinghiz_Aitmatov" title="Chinghiz Aitmatov">Chinghiz Aitmatov</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inger_Christensen" title="Inger Christensen">Inger Christensen</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Ti%C5%A1ma" title="Aleksandar Tišma">Aleksandar Tišma</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrg_Laederach" title="Jürg Laederach">Jürg Laederach</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tabucchi" title="Antonio Tabucchi">Antonio Tabucchi</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubravka_Ugre%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Dubravka Ugrešić">Dubravka Ugrešić</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_Esterh%C3%A1zy" title="Péter Esterházy">Péter Esterházy</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Lobo_Antunes" title="António Lobo Antunes">António Lobo Antunes</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Hein" title="Christoph Hein">Christoph Hein</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cees_Nooteboom" title="Cees Nooteboom">Cees Nooteboom</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Barnes" title="Julian Barnes">Julian Barnes</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Magris" title="Claudio Magris">Claudio Magris</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Sempr%C3%BAn" title="Jorge Semprún">Jorge Semprún</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._L._Kennedy" title="A. L. Kennedy">A. L. Kennedy</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gota_Krist%C3%B3f" title="Ágota Kristóf">Ágota Kristóf</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Olov_Enquist" title="Per Olov Enquist">Per Olov Enquist</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nizon" title="Paul Nizon">Paul Nizon</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Mar%C3%ADas" title="Javier Marías">Javier Marías</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Banville" title="John Banville">John Banville</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyudmila_Ulitskaya" title="Lyudmila Ulitskaya">Lyudmila Ulitskaya</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_C%C4%83rt%C4%83rescu" title="Mircea Cărtărescu">Mircea Cărtărescu</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Stasiuk" title="Andrzej Stasiuk">Andrzej Stasiuk</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ove_Knausg%C3%A5rd" title="Karl Ove Knausgård">Karl Ove Knausgård</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadie_Smith" title="Zadie Smith">Zadie Smith</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Houellebecq" title="Michel Houellebecq">Michel Houellebecq</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drago_Jan%C4%8Dar" title="Drago Jančar">Drago Jančar</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Krasznahorkai" title="László Krasznahorkai">László Krasznahorkai</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Smith" title="Ali Smith">Ali Smith</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_NDiaye" title="Marie NDiaye">Marie NDiaye</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Mondello_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mondello_Prize" title="Template:Mondello Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mondello_Prize" title="Template talk:Mondello Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mondello_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mondello Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Mondello_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Mondello_Prize" title="Mondello Prize">Mondello Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single Prize for Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartolo_Cattafi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartolo Cattafi (page does not exist)">Bartolo Cattafi</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Campanile" title="Achille Campanile">Achille Campanile</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special Jury Prize</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denise_McSmith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denise McSmith (page does not exist)">Denise McSmith</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_D%27Arrigo" title="Stefano D'Arrigo">Stefano D'Arrigo</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yury_Trifonov" title="Yury Trifonov">Yury Trifonov</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Iwaszkiewicz" title="Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz">Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Consagra" title="Pietro Consagra">Pietro Consagra</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Buttitta" title="Ignazio Buttitta">Ignazio Buttitta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Maria_Ripellino" title="Angelo Maria Ripellino">Angelo Maria e Ela Ripellino</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Sciascia" title="Leonardo Sciascia">Leonardo Sciascia</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Meng_(author)" title="Wang Meng (author)">Wang Meng</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carey_(novelist)" title="Peter Carey (novelist)">Peter Carey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Donoso" title="José Donoso">José Donoso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Frye" title="Northrop Frye">Northrop Frye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Sempr%C3%BAn" title="Jorge Semprún">Jorge Semprún</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu_Tongliu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lu Tongliu (page does not exist)">Lu Tongliu</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Pivano" title="Fernanda Pivano">Fernanda Pivano</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associazione_Scrittori_Cinesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associazione Scrittori Cinesi (page does not exist)">Associazione Scrittori Cinesi</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dong_Baoucum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dong Baoucum (page does not exist)">Dong Baoucum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan_Boaci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan Boaci (page does not exist)">Fan Boaci</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Huanbao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Huanbao (page does not exist)">Wang Huanbao</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shi_Peide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shi Peide (page does not exist)">Shi Peide</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Yuanbin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Yuanbin (page does not exist)">Chen Yuanbin</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Huainzhong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Huainzhong (page does not exist)">Xu Huainzhong</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiao_Xue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiao Xue (page does not exist)">Xiao Xue</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_Yougqnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yu Yougqnan (page does not exist)">Yu Yougqnan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_Weinjung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qin Weinjung (page does not exist)">Qin Weinjung</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Singh" title="Khushwant Singh">Khushwant Singh</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Mar%C3%ADas" title="Javier Marías">Javier Marías</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Burdin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Burdin (page does not exist)">Francesco Burdin</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Erba" title="Luciano Erba">Luciano Erba</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_Quarantotti_De_Filippo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabella Quarantotti De Filippo (page does not exist)">Isabella Quarantotti De Filippo</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Rullo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marina Rullo (page does not exist)">Marina Rullo</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ceccherini" title="Andrea Ceccherini">Andrea Ceccherini</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Vila-Matas" title="Enrique Vila-Matas">Enrique Vila-Matas</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Forgione_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Forgione (writer) (page does not exist)">Francesco Forgione</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First narrative work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmelo_Samon%C3%A0" title="Carmelo Samonà">Carmelo Samonà</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fausta_Garavini" title="Fausta Garavini">Fausta Garavini</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First poetic work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Giuga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Giuga (page does not exist)">Giovanni Giuga</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilberto_Sacerdoti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilberto Sacerdoti (page does not exist)">Gilberto Sacerdoti</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prize for foreign literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Kundera" title="Milan Kundera">Milan Kundera</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Onetti" title="Juan Carlos Onetti">Juan Carlos Onetti</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Konwicki" title="Tadeusz Konwicki">Tadeusz Konwicki</a> (1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prize for foreign poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jannis_Ritsos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jannis Ritsos (page does not exist)">Jannis Ritsos</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gelman" title="Juan Gelman">Juan Gelman</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyula_Illy%C3%A9s" title="Gyula Illyés">Gyula Illyés</a> (1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valerio_Magrelli" title="Valerio Magrelli">Valerio Magrelli</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferruccio_Benzoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferruccio Benzoni (page does not exist)">Ferruccio Benzoni</a>, Stefano Simoncelli, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Valeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Valeri (page does not exist)">Walter Valeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Mancinelli" title="Laura Mancinelli">Laura Mancinelli</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolanda_Insana" title="Jolanda Insana">Jolanda Insana</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Del_Giudice" title="Daniele Del Giudice">Daniele Del Giudice</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Busi" title="Aldo Busi">Aldo Busi</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisabetta_Rasy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elisabetta Rasy (page does not exist)">Elisabetta Rasy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dario_Villa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dario Villa (page does not exist)">Dario Villa</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Lodoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Lodoli (page does not exist)">Marco Lodoli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Mainardi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angelo Mainardi (page does not exist)">Angelo Mainardi</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Ceriani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Ceriani (page does not exist)">Marco Ceriani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Giudice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Giudice (page does not exist)">Giovanni Giudice</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Albinati" title="Edoardo Albinati">Edoardo Albinati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvana_La_Spina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvana La Spina (page does not exist)">Silvana La Spina</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Canobbio" title="Andrea Canobbio">Andrea Canobbio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romana_Petri" title="Romana Petri">Romana Petri</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Cascella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Cascella (page does not exist)">Anna Cascella</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Caporali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Caporali (page does not exist)">Marco Caporali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelida_Milani" title="Nelida Milani">Nelida Milani</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvana_Grasso" title="Silvana Grasso">Silvana Grasso</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giulio_Mozzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giulio Mozzi (page does not exist)">Giulio Mozzi</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Franco" title="Ernesto Franco">Ernesto Franco</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Deidier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Deidier (page does not exist)">Roberto Deidier</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Quatriglio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Quatriglio (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Quatriglio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiziano_Scarpa" title="Tiziano Scarpa">Tiziano Scarpa</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabrizio_Rondolino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabrizio Rondolino (page does not exist)">Fabrizio Rondolino</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alba_Donati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alba Donati (page does not exist)">Alba Donati</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Febbraro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Febbraro (page does not exist)">Paolo Febbraro</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evelina_Santangelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evelina Santangelo (page does not exist)">Evelina Santangelo</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Lupo_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Lupo (writer) (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Lupo</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Bergamini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Bergamini (page does not exist)">Giovanni Bergamini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simona_Corso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simona Corso (page does not exist)">Simona Corso</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adriano_Lo_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adriano Lo Monaco (page does not exist)">Adriano Lo Monaco</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piercarlo_Rizzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piercarlo Rizzi (page does not exist)">Piercarlo Rizzi</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Fontana_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Fontana (writer) (page does not exist)">Francesco Fontana</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Fallai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Fallai (page does not exist)">Paolo Fallai</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luca_Giachi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luca Giachi (page does not exist)">Luca Giachi</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Carabba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Carabba (page does not exist)">Carlo Carabba</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriele_Pedull%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriele Pedullà (page does not exist)">Gabriele Pedullà</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign author</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Robbe-Grillet" title="Alain Robbe-Grillet">Alain Robbe-Grillet</a> (1982) • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bernhard" title="Thomas Bernhard">Thomas Bernhard</a> (1983) • <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Bioy_Casares" title="Adolfo Bioy Casares">Adolfo Bioy Casares</a> (1984) • <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1985) • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a> (1986) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doris Lessing</a> (1987) • <a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a> (1988) • <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a> (1989) • <a href="/wiki/Christa_Wolf" title="Christa Wolf">Christa Wolf</a> (1990) • <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Vonnegut" title="Kurt Vonnegut">Kurt Vonnegut</a> (1991) • <a href="/wiki/Bohumil_Hrabal" title="Bohumil Hrabal">Bohumil Hrabal</a> (1992) • <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a> (1993) • <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a> (1994) • <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Voinovich" title="Vladimir Voinovich">Vladimir Voinovich</a> (1995) • <a href="/wiki/David_Grossman" title="David Grossman">David Grossman</a> (1996) • <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Jaccottet" title="Philippe Jaccottet">Philippe Jaccottet</a> (1998) • <a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a> (1999) • <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Ti%C5%A1ma" title="Aleksandar Tišma">Aleksandar Tišma</a> (2000) • <a href="/wiki/Nuruddin_Farah" title="Nuruddin Farah">Nuruddin Farah</a> (2001) • <a href="/wiki/Per_Olov_Enquist" title="Per Olov Enquist">Per Olov Enquist</a> (2002) • <a href="/wiki/Adunis" class="mw-redirect" title="Adunis">Adunis</a> (2003) • <a href="/wiki/Les_Murray_(poet)" title="Les Murray (poet)">Les Murray</a> (2004) • <a href="/wiki/Magda_Szab%C3%B3" title="Magda Szabó">Magda Szabó</a> (2005) • <a href="/wiki/Uwe_Timm" title="Uwe Timm">Uwe Timm</a> (2006) • <a href="/wiki/Bapsi_Sidhwa" title="Bapsi Sidhwa">Bapsi Sidhwa</a> (2007) • <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yerofeyev" title="Viktor Yerofeyev">Viktor Yerofeyev</a> (2009) • <a href="/wiki/Edmund_White" title="Edmund White">Edmund White</a> (2010) • <a href="/wiki/Javier_Cercas" title="Javier Cercas">Javier Cercas</a> (2011) • <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Strout" title="Elizabeth Strout">Elizabeth Strout</a> (2012) • <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_Esterh%C3%A1zy" title="Péter Esterházy">Péter Esterházy</a> (2013) • <a href="/wiki/Joe_R._Lansdale" title="Joe R. Lansdale">Joe R. Lansdale</a> (2014) • <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Carr%C3%A8re" title="Emmanuel Carrère">Emmanuel Carrère</a> (2015) • <a href="/wiki/Marilynne_Robinson" title="Marilynne Robinson">Marilynne Robinson</a> (2016) • <a href="/wiki/Cees_Nooteboom" title="Cees Nooteboom">Cees Nooteboom</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italian Author</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Moravia" title="Alberto Moravia">Alberto Moravia</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Sereni" title="Vittorio Sereni">Vittorio Sereni</a> <i>alla memoria</i> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Calvino" title="Italo Calvino">Italo Calvino</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Luzi" title="Mario Luzi">Mario Luzi</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Volponi" title="Paolo Volponi">Paolo Volponi</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Malerba" title="Luigi Malerba">Luigi Malerba</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreste_del_Buono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oreste del Buono (page does not exist)">Oreste del Buono</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Macchia" title="Giovanni Macchia">Giovanni Macchia</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Celati" title="Gianni Celati">Gianni Celati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Villa" title="Emilio Villa">Emilio Villa</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Zanzotto" title="Andrea Zanzotto">Andrea Zanzotto</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottiero_Ottieri" title="Ottiero Ottieri">Ottiero Ottieri</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Bertolucci" title="Attilio Bertolucci">Attilio Bertolucci</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Meneghello" title="Luigi Meneghello">Luigi Meneghello</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Bandini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Bandini (page does not exist)">Fernando Bandini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Perriera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Perriera (page does not exist)">Michele Perriera</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Orengo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nico Orengo (page does not exist)">Nico Orengo</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Bonaviri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Bonaviri (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Bonaviri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Raboni" title="Giovanni Raboni">Giovanni Raboni</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Ginzburg" title="Carlo Ginzburg">Carlo Ginzburg</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Parronchi" title="Alessandro Parronchi">Alessandro Parronchi</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Bartolini" title="Elio Bartolini">Elio Bartolini</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Alajmo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Alajmo (page does not exist)">Roberto Alajmo</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Camilleri" title="Andrea Camilleri">Andrea Camilleri</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Carraro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Carraro (page does not exist)">Andrea Carraro</a>, Antonio Franchini, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Pressburger" title="Giorgio Pressburger">Giorgio Pressburger</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Bettini" title="Maurizio Bettini">Maurizio Bettini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Montefoschi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Montefoschi (page does not exist)">Giorgio Montefoschi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelo_Risi" title="Nelo Risi">Nelo Risi</a> (2004)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Nigro" title="Raffaele Nigro">Raffaele Nigro</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Cucchi" title="Maurizio Cucchi">Maurizio Cucchi</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> (2005)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Di_Stefano" title="Paolo Di Stefano">Paolo Di Stefano</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Angioni" title="Giulio Angioni">Giulio Angioni</a> (2006)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Fortunato" title="Mario Fortunato">Mario Fortunato</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toni_Maraini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toni Maraini (page does not exist)">Toni Maraini</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Di_Consoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Di Consoli (page does not exist)">Andrea Di Consoli</a> (2007)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bajani" title="Andrea Bajani">Andrea Bajani</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Scurati" title="Antonio Scurati">Antonio Scurati</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Soriga" title="Flavio Soriga">Flavio Soriga</a> (2008)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Desiati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Desiati (page does not exist)">Mario Desiati</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osvaldo_Guerrieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osvaldo Guerrieri (page does not exist)">Osvaldo Guerrieri</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Scalise" title="Gregorio Scalise">Gregorio Scalise</a> (2009)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Pavolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenzo Pavolini (page does not exist)">Lorenzo Pavolini</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Cazzola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Cazzola (page does not exist)">Roberto Cazzola</a>, <i>ter.</i> (2010)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Baroncelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Baroncelli (page does not exist)">Eugenio Baroncelli</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/wiki/Milo_De_Angelis" title="Milo De Angelis">Milo De Angelis</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/wiki/Igiaba_Scego" title="Igiaba Scego">Igiaba Scego</a> (2011)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Albinati" title="Edoardo Albinati">Edoardo Albinati</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Di_Paolo" title="Paolo Di Paolo">Paolo Di Paolo</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Davide_Orecchio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davide Orecchio (page does not exist)">Davide Orecchio</a> (2012)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Canobbio" title="Andrea Canobbio">Andrea Canobbio</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/wiki/Valerio_Magrelli" title="Valerio Magrelli">Valerio Magrelli</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Siti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Siti (page does not exist)">Walter Siti</a> (2013)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irene_Chias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irene Chias (page does not exist)">Irene Chias</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Falco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Falco (page does not exist)">Giorgio Falco</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Pecoraro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Pecoraro (page does not exist)">Francesco Pecoraro</a> (2014)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Lagioia" title="Nicola Lagioia">Nicola Lagioia</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Letizia_Muratori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letizia Muratori (page does not exist)">Letizia Muratori</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Missiroli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Missiroli (page does not exist)">Marco Missiroli</a> (2015)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Fois" title="Marcello Fois">Marcello Fois</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuele_Tonon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emanuele Tonon (page does not exist)">Emanuele Tonon</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/wiki/Romana_Petri" title="Romana Petri">Romana Petri</a> (2016)</li> <li><i>pr.</i> <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Massini" title="Stefano Massini">Stefano Massini</a>, <i>sec.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Zaccuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Zaccuri (page does not exist)">Alessandro Zaccuri</a>, <i>ter.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandra_Sarchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandra Sarchi (page does not exist)">Alessandra Sarchi</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Five Continents" Award</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Db%C5%8D_Abe" title="Kōbō Abe">Kōbō Abe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahar_Ben_Jelloun" title="Tahar Ben Jelloun">Tahar Ben Jelloun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Greer" title="Germaine Greer">Germaine Greer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Harris" title="Wilson Harris">Wilson Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Spender" title="Stephen Spender">Stephen Spender</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Keneally" title="Thomas Keneally">Thomas Keneally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Arbasino" title="Alberto Arbasino">Alberto Arbasino</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Brink" title="André Brink">André Brink</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Malouf" title="David Malouf">David Malouf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romesh_Gunesekera" title="Romesh Gunesekera">Romesh Gunesekera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Ransmayr" title="Christoph Ransmayr">Christoph Ransmayr</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Palermo bridge for Europe" Award</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Maraini" title="Dacia Maraini">Dacia Maraini</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Arbasino" title="Alberto Arbasino">Alberto Arbasino</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ignazio Buttitta Award</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nino_De_Vita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nino De Vita (page does not exist)">Nino De Vita</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attilio_Lolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attilio Lolini (page does not exist)">Attilio Lolini</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossi_Precerotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Rossi Precerotti (page does not exist)">Roberto Rossi Precerotti</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvia_Bre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvia Bre (page does not exist)">Silvia Bre</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supermondello</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiziano_Scarpa" title="Tiziano Scarpa">Tiziano Scarpa</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michela_Murgia" title="Michela Murgia">Michela Murgia</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Baroncelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Baroncelli (page does not exist)">Eugenio Baroncelli</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Davide_Orecchio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davide Orecchio (page does not exist)">Davide Orecchio</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerio_Magrelli" title="Valerio Magrelli">Valerio Magrelli</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Falco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Falco (page does not exist)">Giorgio Falco</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Missiroli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Missiroli (page does not exist)">Marco Missiroli</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romana_Petri" title="Romana Petri">Romana Petri</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Massini" title="Stefano Massini">Stefano Massini</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special award of the President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Koni" title="Ibrahim al-Koni">Ibrahim al-Koni</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emmanuele_Maria_Emanuele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emmanuele Maria Emanuele (page does not exist)">Emmanuele Maria Emanuele</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Calabr%C3%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Calabrò (page does not exist)">Antonio Calabrò</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry prize</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Riccardi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Riccardi (page does not exist)">Antonio Riccardi</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Translation Award</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evgenij_Solonovic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evgenij Solonovic (page does not exist)">Evgenij Solonovic</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Identity and dialectal literatures award</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gialuigi_Beccaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gialuigi Beccaria (page does not exist)">Gialuigi Beccaria</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marco_Paolini" title="Marco Paolini">Marco Paolini</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays Prize</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marzio_Barbagli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marzio Barbagli (page does not exist)">Marzio Barbagli</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mondello for Multiculturality Award</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Th%C3%BAy" title="Kim Thúy">Kim Thúy</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mondello Youths Award</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Durastanti" title="Claudia Durastanti">Claudia Durastanti</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Albinati" title="Edoardo Albinati">Edoardo Albinati</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Zaccuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Zaccuri (page does not exist)">Alessandro Zaccuri </a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Targa Archimede", Premio all'Intelligenza d'Impresa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Sellerio" title="Enzo Sellerio">Enzo Sellerio</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prize for Literary Criticism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvatore_Silvano_Nigro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvatore Silvano Nigro (page does not exist)">Salvatore Silvano Nigro</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Bettini" title="Maurizio Bettini">Maurizio Bettini</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrico_Testa_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrico Testa (writer) (page does not exist)">Enrico Testa</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermanno_Cavazzoni" title="Ermanno Cavazzoni">Ermanno Cavazzoni</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serena_Vitale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serena Vitale (page does not exist)">Serena Vitale</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Prete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Prete (page does not exist)">Antonio Prete</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Award for best motivation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simona_Gio%C3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simona Gioè (page does not exist)">Simona Gioè</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special award for travel literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Valensise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marina Valensise (page does not exist)">Marina Valensise</a> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special Award 40 Years of Mondello</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gipi" title="Gipi">Gipi</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="David_Cohen_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:David_Cohen_Prize" title="Template:David Cohen Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:David_Cohen_Prize" title="Template talk:David Cohen Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:David_Cohen_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:David Cohen Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="David_Cohen_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/David_Cohen_Prize" title="David Cohen Prize">David Cohen Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Spark" title="Muriel Spark">Muriel Spark</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Trevor" title="William Trevor">William Trevor</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doris Lessing</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bainbridge" title="Beryl Bainbridge">Beryl Bainbridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thom_Gunn" title="Thom Gunn">Thom Gunn</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Holroyd" title="Michael Holroyd">Michael Holroyd</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Mahon" title="Derek Mahon">Derek Mahon</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Barnes" title="Julian Barnes">Julian Barnes</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Mantel" title="Hilary Mantel">Hilary Mantel</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Harrison" title="Tony Harrison">Tony Harrison</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna_O%27Brien" title="Edna O'Brien">Edna O'Brien</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colm_T%C3%B3ib%C3%ADn" title="Colm Tóibín">Colm Tóibín</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1920</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1901 Nobel Prize in Literature">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1902_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1902 Nobel Prize in Literature">1902</a>: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1903_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1903 Nobel Prize in Literature">1903</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1904_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1904 Nobel Prize in Literature">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">José Echegaray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1905_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1905 Nobel Prize in Literature">1905</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1906_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1906 Nobel Prize in Literature">1906</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1907_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1907 Nobel Prize in Literature">1907</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1908_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1908 Nobel Prize in Literature">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Eucken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1909_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1909 Nobel Prize in Literature">1909</a>: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1910_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1910 Nobel Prize in Literature">1910</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1911_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1911 Nobel Prize in Literature">1911</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1912 Nobel Prize in Literature">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1913_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1913 Nobel Prize in Literature">1913</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1914_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1914 Nobel Prize in Literature">1914</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1915_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1915 Nobel Prize in Literature">1915</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1916_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1916 Nobel Prize in Literature">1916</a>: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1917_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1917 Nobel Prize in Literature">1917</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Karl Gjellerup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1918_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1918 Nobel Prize in Literature">1918</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1919_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1919 Nobel Prize in Literature">1919</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1920_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1920 Nobel Prize in Literature">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1921–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1921_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1921 Nobel Prize in Literature">1921</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1922_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1922 Nobel Prize in Literature">1922</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1923</a>: <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1925_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1925 Nobel Prize in Literature">1925</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1926_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1926 Nobel Prize in Literature">1926</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1927_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1927 Nobel Prize in Literature">1927</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1928_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1928 Nobel Prize in Literature">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1929_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1929 Nobel Prize in Literature">1929</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1930_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1930 Nobel Prize in Literature">1930</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1931_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1931 Nobel Prize in Literature">1931</a>: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> (<i>posthumously</i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1932_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1932 Nobel Prize in Literature">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1933_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1933 Nobel Prize in Literature">1933</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1934_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1934 Nobel Prize in Literature">1934</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1935_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1935 Nobel Prize in Literature">1935</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1936_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1936 Nobel Prize in Literature">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1937_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1937 Nobel Prize in Literature">1937</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1938_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1938 Nobel Prize in Literature">1938</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1939 Nobel Prize in Literature">1939</a>: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1940_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1940 Nobel Prize in Literature">1940</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1941_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1941 Nobel Prize in Literature">1941</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1942_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1942 Nobel Prize in Literature">1942</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1943_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1943 Nobel Prize in Literature">1943</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1944_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1944 Nobel Prize in Literature">1944</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1945_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1945 Nobel Prize in Literature">1945</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1946_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1946 Nobel Prize in Literature">1946</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1947_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1947 Nobel Prize in Literature">1947</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1948 Nobel Prize in Literature">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1950_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1950 Nobel Prize in Literature">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1951_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1951 Nobel Prize in Literature">1951</a>: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1952_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1952 Nobel Prize in Literature">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1953_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1953 Nobel Prize in Literature">1953</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1954_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1954 Nobel Prize in Literature">1954</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1955_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1955 Nobel Prize in Literature">1955</a>: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1956_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1956 Nobel Prize in Literature">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1957_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1957 Nobel Prize in Literature">1957</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1958_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1958 Nobel Prize in Literature">1958</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1959_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1959 Nobel Prize in Literature">1959</a>: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1960_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1960 Nobel Prize in Literature">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1961_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1961 Nobel Prize in Literature">1961</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1962_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1962 Nobel Prize in Literature">1962</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1963_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1963 Nobel Prize in Literature">1963</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1964 Nobel Prize in Literature">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (declined award)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1965 Nobel Prize in Literature">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sholokhov" title="Mikhail Sholokhov">Mikhail Sholokhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1966 Nobel Prize in Literature">1966</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1967 Nobel Prize in Literature">1967</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1968 Nobel Prize in Literature">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1970 Nobel Prize in Literature">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1971 Nobel Prize in Literature">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1972_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1972 Nobel Prize in Literature">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1973 Nobel Prize in Literature">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">1974</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1975_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1975 Nobel Prize in Literature">1975</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1976_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1976 Nobel Prize in Literature">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1977_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1977 Nobel Prize in Literature">1977</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1978 Nobel Prize in Literature">1978</a>: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1979_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1979 Nobel Prize in Literature">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1980_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1980 Nobel Prize in Literature">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1981_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1981 Nobel Prize in Literature">1981</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1982 Nobel Prize in Literature">1982</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1983_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1983 Nobel Prize in Literature">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1984_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1984 Nobel Prize in Literature">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Jaroslav Seifert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1985_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1985 Nobel Prize in Literature">1985</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1986_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1986 Nobel Prize in Literature">1986</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1987_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1987 Nobel Prize in Literature">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1988_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1988 Nobel Prize in Literature">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Naguib Mahfouz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1989_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1989 Nobel Prize in Literature">1989</a>: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1990 Nobel Prize in Literature">1990</a>: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1991 Nobel Prize in Literature">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1992 Nobel Prize in Literature">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1993_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1993 Nobel Prize in Literature">1993</a>: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1994 Nobel Prize in Literature">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1995 Nobel Prize in Literature">1995</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1996 Nobel Prize in Literature">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1997 Nobel Prize in Literature">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1998 Nobel Prize in Literature">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1999 Nobel Prize in Literature">1999</a>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2000 Nobel Prize in Literature">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2001 Nobel Prize in Literature">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2002 Nobel Prize in Literature">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2003 Nobel Prize in Literature">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2004 Nobel Prize in Literature">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2006 Nobel Prize in Literature">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2007 Nobel Prize in Literature">2007</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doris Lessing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2008 Nobel Prize in Literature">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2009 Nobel Prize in Literature">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2010 Nobel Prize in Literature">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2011 Nobel Prize in Literature">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2012 Nobel Prize in Literature">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2013 Nobel Prize in Literature">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2014 Nobel Prize in Literature">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2015 Nobel Prize in Literature">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2016 Nobel Prize in Literature">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2017 Nobel Prize in Literature">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2018 Nobel Prize in Literature">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2019 Nobel Prize in Literature">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2020 Nobel Prize in Literature">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2021 Nobel Prize in Literature">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2022 Nobel Prize in Literature">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Annie Ernaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2023 Nobel Prize in Literature">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Jon Fosse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2024 Nobel Prize in Literature">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han Kang</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2007_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2007_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2007 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2007_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:2007 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2007_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2007 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2007_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2007 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2007 Nobel Prize in Literature">2007</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doris Lessing</a> (Zimbabwe/United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Martin Evans</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> (Poland/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric Maskin</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger Myerson</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2002_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2002 Nobel Prize winners">2002</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2003_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2003 Nobel Prize winners">2003</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2004 Nobel Prize winners">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2005_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2005 Nobel Prize winners">2005</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2006 Nobel Prize winners">2006</a></dd> <dd><b>2007 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2008 Nobel Prize winners">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2009_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2009 Nobel Prize winners">2009</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2010 Nobel Prize winners">2010</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2011 Nobel Prize winners">2011</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2012_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2012 Nobel Prize winners">2012</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for Literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Hierro" title="José Hierro">José Hierro</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Delibes" title="Miguel Delibes">Miguel Delibes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Torrente_Ballester" title="Gonzalo Torrente Ballester">Gonzalo Torrente Ballester</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rulfo" title="Juan Rulfo">Juan Rulfo</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Garc%C3%ADa_Baena" title="Pablo García Baena">Pablo García Baena</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Mu%C3%B1iz" title="Ángel González Muñiz">Ángel González</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Lapesa" title="Rafael Lapesa">Rafael Lapesa</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Mart%C3%ADn_Gaite" title="Carmen Martín Gaite">Carmen Martín Gaite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_%C3%81ngel_Valente" title="José Ángel Valente">José Ángel Valente</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Gull%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Gullón">Ricardo Gullón</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Uslar_Pietri" title="Arturo Uslar Pietri">Arturo Uslar Pietri</a></li> <li>1991: The people of Puerto Rico</li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Nieva" title="Francisco Nieva">Francisco Nieva</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(poet)" title="Claudio Rodríguez (poet)">Claudio Rodríguez</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes" title="Carlos Fuentes">Carlos Fuentes</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bouso%C3%B1o" title="Carlos Bousoño">Carlos Bousoño</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Umbral" title="Francisco Umbral">Francisco Umbral</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Mutis" title="Álvaro Mutis">Álvaro Mutis</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ayala_(novelist)" title="Francisco Ayala (novelist)">Francisco Ayala</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Monterroso" title="Augusto Monterroso">Augusto Monterroso</a></li> <li>2001: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doris Lessing</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Fatema_Mernissi" title="Fatema Mernissi">Fatema Mernissi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Magris" title="Claudio Magris">Claudio Magris</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9lida_Pi%C3%B1on" title="Nélida Piñon">Nélida Piñon</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Auster" title="Paul Auster">Paul Auster</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Amos_Oz" title="Amos Oz">Amos Oz</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Kadare" title="Ismail Kadare">Ismail Kadare</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Amin_Maalouf" title="Amin Maalouf">Amin Maalouf</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Mu%C3%B1oz_Molina" title="Antonio Muñoz Molina">Antonio Muñoz Molina</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/John_Banville" title="John Banville">John Banville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for Literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Padura_Fuentes" title="Leonardo Padura Fuentes">Leonardo Padura</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ford" title="Richard Ford">Richard Ford</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Adam_Zagajewski" title="Adam Zagajewski">Adam Zagajewski</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Vargas" title="Fred Vargas">Fred Vargas</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Siri_Hustvedt" title="Siri Hustvedt">Siri Hustvedt</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Anne_Carson" title="Anne Carson">Anne Carson</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Carr%C3%A8re" title="Emmanuel Carrère">Emmanuel Carrère</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mayorga" title="Juan Mayorga">Juan Mayorga</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Haruki_Murakami" title="Haruki Murakami">Haruki Murakami</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Ana_Blandiana" title="Ana Blandiana">Ana Blandiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Bronze</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Beighton" title="Peter Beighton">Peter Beighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Naki" title="Hamilton Naki">Hamilton Naki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshilidzi_Marwala" title="Tshilidzi Marwala">Tshilidzi Marwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_Reddy" title="Daya Reddy">Daya Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebello_Nyokong" title="Tebello Nyokong">Tebello Nyokong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himla_Soodyall" title="Himla Soodyall">Himla Soodyall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Zaahl" title="Monique Zaahl">Monique Zaahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patience_Mthunzi-Kufa" title="Patience Mthunzi-Kufa">Patience Mthunzi-Kufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarraisha_Abdool_Karim" title="Quarraisha Abdool Karim">Quarraisha Abdool 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121009715">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44301766">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1898489/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx4rkYW7HVcHwyWY7CCwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118572113">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lessing, Doris, 1919-2013"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79041772">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11912701t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11912701t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00447461">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lessing, Doris"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV010236">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36138156">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lessing, Doris May"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990005015&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Somers, Jane"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2007362194&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX974781">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/73662">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068373244">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90060021">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000001563&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000053812&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000117577">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=65796">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000023425">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200704708">Korea</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199616434">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/31fhkn7m27dm7lv">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810675293005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/69261">Vatican</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/69262">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007264456405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518347106706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14782362">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00733715?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ce9dd9c7-fdd3-4f19-96a2-503bf7106dbb">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1218696">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118572113.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118572113">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028188993">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6cz35ht">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/42720">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&oldid=1251952778">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessing&oldid=1251952778</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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