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<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title data-rh="true">What we can learn from early online platforms | by Berkman Klein Center | Berkman Klein Center Collection | Medium</title><meta data-rh="true" charset="utf-8"/><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"/><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="828256236"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:app_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="828256236"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:package" content="com.medium.reader"/><meta data-rh="true" property="fb:app_id" content="542599432471018"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:site_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:published_time" content="2021-03-25T13:41:19.949Z"/><meta data-rh="true" name="title" content="What we can learn from early online platforms | by Berkman Klein Center | Berkman Klein Center Collection | Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="What we can learn from early online platforms"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:url" content="medium://p/18bcab95b35c"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:url" content="medium://p/18bcab95b35c"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:app_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="“Today’s platforms were inspired by the many that preceded them, but along the way, we started to go astray. 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class="nq nr fj ns bh nt"><div class="nh ni nj"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*A2b9RiSzygjjDYnrppvmtQ.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="Blue collage of social media app icons" class="bh mo nu c" width="700" height="495" loading="eager"/></picture></div></div></figure><p id="bc50" class="pw-post-body-paragraph nv nw gu nx b hs ny nz oa hv ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq gn bk">“Today’s platforms were inspired by the many that preceded them, but along the way, we started to go astray. How can we make sense of where we are today? What can we understand about the decisions that were made and the structures we had in place? And most importantly, how can the builders of new platforms that also intend to bring the world closer together, give everyone the power to create or organize the world’s information, do it better?”</p><p id="be0b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph nv nw gu nx b hs ny nz oa hv ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq gn bk">BKC fellow <a class="af or" href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/jad-esber" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Jad Esber</a> posed these overarching questions at the start of a Berkman Klein Center <a class="af or" href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/events/hindsight-2020" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">event</a> that looked back on online platforms over the past 30 years. <a class="af or" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterina_Fake" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Caterina Fake</a>, the founder of Flickr, <a class="af or" href="http://www.bohnettfoundation.org/david-bohnett-bio/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">David Bohnett</a>, the founder of Geocities, and <a class="af or" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/baym/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Nancy Baym</a>, Sr. Principal Research Manager, Microsoft Research, joined Esber to reflect on early platforms, the state of newer platforms today, and what they could look like in the future. Their conversation covered topics including subcultures, content moderation, and the evolution of technology.</p><figure class="nk nl nm nn no np"><div class="os jp l fj"><div class="ot ou l"></div></div></figure><p id="057b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph nv nw gu nx b hs ny nz oa hv ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq gn bk">Fake and Bohnett are themselves founders of early popular platforms, and early in the discussion, the panelists highlighted the significance of founders’ values shaping the platforms, and how that trend continues today.</p><p id="b667" class="pw-post-body-paragraph nv nw gu nx b hs ny nz oa hv ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq gn bk">“You can do a lot to influence and change and manage how a community grows and develops from the outset,” Fake said. “And so much of it is based on the personalities of the founders: what they value, what they don’t value, how they design the software,” she said, also pointing out the important role of business models.</p><p id="a6e3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph nv nw gu nx b hs ny nz oa hv ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq gn bk">“I paid a lot of particular attention to the values of building communities of interest,” Bohnett added, highlighting that founders’ values also play a critical role in the inclusiveness of platforms. “Do the founders and the early settlers or participants in these communities value inclusiveness and diversity through their actions?” he asked. “That’s what helps foster it.”</p><p id="1e63" class="pw-post-body-paragraph nv nw gu nx b hs ny nz oa hv ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq gn bk">Baym, in turn, emphasized that values may be harmful in the long run. “They’re essential but I think that we see platforms over and over kind of lose their way when it becomes about the founder’s values,” she said. “And one of the ways I think that they go really wrong is that early on their users who are different from the founders who were running into real problems with those platforms and the users are going, ‘hello, there’s this really bad thing happening to me here.’ And the founders for whatever reasons are not fully able to absorb what they’re hearing about the dangers their platforms are posing. And I don’t mean to underestimate the technical and human labor demands of trying to deal with all of that adequately. They’re very, very hard problems.”</p><p id="ac7c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph nv nw gu nx b hs ny nz oa hv ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq gn bk">The discussants also talked about the shift from free services that run on users’ data towards fee-based platforms and how these business models may shape or inform user behavior and investment in the online communities.</p><p id="2682" class="pw-post-body-paragraph nv nw gu nx b hs ny nz oa hv ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq gn bk">“I do think that people are evolving into a kind of a paid model in reaction to a lot of the exploitation that they’ve suffered under for a long time. And as a result of that, I think, these are obviously very positive trends,” she said, citing Patreon and Substack as examples. “I do think Internet business models swing back and forth between the paid and the free and it’s a pendulum swing that many of us, I think that work in kind of online social systems actually welcome to a great degree. So, I do think that the behaviors are different on platforms that you pay for for all of the reasons David and Nancy have already kind of explained.”</p><p id="a78c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph nv nw gu nx b hs ny nz oa hv ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq gn bk">But the pay-to-play model is not an option for everyone, Baym noted. “I think the trick with platforms you have to pay for, of course, is that we want people who don’t have excess income to be able to participate in online communities,” she said. “So we have to think through how do you enable that so that people in poverty are not getting a third rate internet while the rich folks get the really good community, which of course exacerbates wealth and equity.”</p><p id="f09c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph nv nw gu nx b hs ny nz oa hv ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq gn bk"><em class="ov">A podcast version of the event is available </em><a class="af or" href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/events/hindsight-2020" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="ov">here</em></a><em class="ov">. For more BKC events, visit </em><a class="af or" href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/events" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="ov">our website</em></a><em class="ov"> and sign up for our </em><a class="af or" href="https://us10.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=ef13e6d75b74b1791f13115cd&id=4782a3c945" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="ov">events newsletter</em></a><em class="ov">.</em></p></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></article></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="ow ox ab jm"><div class="oy ab"><a class="oz ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/online-communities?source=post_page-----18bcab95b35c---------------------------------------"><div class="pa fj cx pb ge pc pd bf b bg z bk pe">Online Communities</div></a></div><div class="oy ab"><a class="oz ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/platforms?source=post_page-----18bcab95b35c---------------------------------------"><div class="pa fj cx pb ge 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How can we make sense of where we are today? What can we understand about the decisions that were made and the structures we had in place? And most importantly, how can the builders of new platforms that also intend to bring the world closer together, give everyone the power to create or organize the world’s information, do it better?”","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a9e364a96670_4":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a9e364a96670_4","name":"be0b","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"BKC fellow Jad Esber posed these overarching questions at the start of a Berkman Klein Center event that looked back on online platforms over the past 30 years. Caterina Fake, the founder of Flickr, David Bohnett, the founder of Geocities, and Nancy Baym, Sr. Principal Research Manager, Microsoft Research, joined Esber to reflect on early platforms, the state of newer platforms today, and what they could look like in the future. 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And I don’t mean to underestimate the technical and human labor demands of trying to deal with all of that adequately. They’re very, very hard problems.”","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a9e364a96670_10":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a9e364a96670_10","name":"ac7c","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"The discussants also talked about the shift from free services that run on users’ data towards fee-based platforms and how these business models may shape or inform user behavior and investment in the online communities.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a9e364a96670_11":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a9e364a96670_11","name":"2682","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"“I do think that people are evolving into a kind of a paid model in reaction to a lot of the exploitation that they’ve suffered under for a long time. And as a result of that, I think, these are obviously very positive trends,” she said, citing Patreon and Substack as examples. “I do think Internet business models swing back and forth between the paid and the free and it’s a pendulum swing that many of us, I think that work in kind of online social systems actually welcome to a great degree. So, I do think that the behaviors are different on platforms that you pay for for all of the reasons David and Nancy have already kind of explained.”","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a9e364a96670_12":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a9e364a96670_12","name":"a78c","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"But the pay-to-play model is not an option for everyone, Baym noted. “I think the trick with platforms you have to pay for, of course, is that we want people who don’t have excess income to be able to participate in online communities,” she said. “So we have to think through how do you enable that so that people in poverty are not getting a third rate internet while the rich folks get the really good community, which of course exacerbates wealth and equity.”","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a9e364a96670_13":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a9e364a96670_13","name":"f09c","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"A podcast version of the event is available here. 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