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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mackintosh's</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mackintosh_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mackintosh_logo.png/200px-Mackintosh_logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mackintosh_logo.png/300px-Mackintosh_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mackintosh_logo.png/400px-Mackintosh_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="182" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">Confectionery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1890<span class="noprint">; 134 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1890</span>)</span> in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax, Yorkshire">Halifax, Yorkshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent">John Mackintosh <br /> Violet Mackintosh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1969<span class="noprint">; 55 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1969</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Merged with <a href="/wiki/Rowntree%27s" title="Rowntree's">Rowntree's</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery" title="Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery">Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire" title="Halifax, West Yorkshire">Halifax, West Yorkshire</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh%27s_Toffee" title="Mackintosh's Toffee">Mackintosh's Toffee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Brands</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh%27s_Toffee" title="Mackintosh's Toffee">Mackintosh's Toffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramac" title="Caramac">Caramac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Street_(confectionery)" title="Quality Street (confectionery)">Quality Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolo" title="Rolo">Rolo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mackintosh's</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MAH</span>-kin-tosh-iz</i></a>) was a British <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a> firm founded in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire" title="Halifax, West Yorkshire">Halifax, West Yorkshire</a>, England. It was known for <a href="/wiki/Mackintosh%27s_Toffee" title="Mackintosh's Toffee">its toffee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Quality_Street_(confectionery)" title="Quality Street (confectionery)">Quality Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolo" title="Rolo">Rolo</a> brands. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mackintosh%27s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_and_violet_mackintosh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/John_and_violet_mackintosh.jpg/170px-John_and_violet_mackintosh.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/John_and_violet_mackintosh.jpg/255px-John_and_violet_mackintosh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/John_and_violet_mackintosh.jpg/340px-John_and_violet_mackintosh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="1294" /></a><figcaption>Founders John and Violet Mackintosh</figcaption></figure> <p>The firm was founded by John Mackintosh (1868–1920)<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his wife, Violet (née Taylor), who bought a pastry shop in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire" title="Halifax, West Yorkshire">Halifax</a> with their joint savings of £100 in 1890, the year that they married. Violet, who had been a confectioner's assistant before her marriage, ran the shop and her husband continued to work at a cotton mill.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To attract customers, they decided to sell a special toffee.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Violet developed a recipe which blended the traditional, brittle English butterscotch with soft, American caramel,<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they sold the toffee as <a href="/wiki/Mackintosh%27s_Toffee" title="Mackintosh's Toffee">Mackintosh's Celebrated Toffee</a>. The toffee's success enabled Mackintosh to expand the business beyond Halifax by 1894. Indeed, it was so successful that it "ultimately transformed popular understanding of the term 'toffee', previously a description of any sugar or boiled sweet".<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moving from retail to manufacture and wholesale, they first rented a small warehouse in Bond Street, Halifax, and in 1895, they commenced larger-scale production at bigger premises at Hope Street. The firm was converted into a limited liability company, John Mackintosh Ltd, in 1899 raising £11,000 and borrowing a further £4,000 to build a new works at Queen's Road. When the building was destroyed by fire in 1909, the insurance payout was used to purchase the vacant Albion Mills and the Queen's Road factory was rebuilt and 1912 expanded to begin chocolate manufacture.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1904, Mackintosh established his first overseas factory at <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Asbury Park, New Jersey">Asbury Park</a>, New Jersey which, however, soon failed. Undeterred, a factory was opened in 1906 at <a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a>, near Düsseldorf. By 1914, operations had been established in Australia and Canada and John Mackintosh Ltd employed some 1000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German factory was confiscated and the number of employees fell to 250 during the First World War.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1917 a new line was developed, a chocolate covered Toffee-De-Luxe, but all chocolate production ceased that year when a wartime conscription tribunal refused an exemption for a key manager.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Power_of_publicity">Power of publicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mackintosh%27s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Power of publicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mackintosh_toffee_king_ad_1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mackintosh_toffee_king_ad_1906.jpg/150px-Mackintosh_toffee_king_ad_1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mackintosh_toffee_king_ad_1906.jpg/225px-Mackintosh_toffee_king_ad_1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mackintosh_toffee_king_ad_1906.jpg/300px-Mackintosh_toffee_king_ad_1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1517" /></a><figcaption>John Mackintosh depicted on a 1906 ad, calling himself "The Toffee King"</figcaption></figure> <p>Mackintosh understood the power of marketing and publicity. He began with handbills advertising Mackintosh's Celebrated Toffee as a weekend treat targeting the Saturday afternoon market, when workers had a half-holiday and their weekly wage payment in hand.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1896, Mackintosh was calling himself the "Toffee King" <sup id="cite_ref-EC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his product "The King of All the Toffees".<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1902 the firm began consumer and coupon competitions and then national press marketing: the firm bought space in the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i>, Britain's most popular mass newspaper, and it used story lines, graphics and cartoons, while his competitors still limited themselves to wordy descriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar_restructure_and_growth">Postwar restructure and growth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mackintosh%27s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Postwar restructure and growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After John Mackintosh's death in 1920, his eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Mackintosh,_1st_Viscount_Mackintosh_of_Halifax" title="Harold Mackintosh, 1st Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax">Harold Mackintosh</a> took charge. The company was <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">floated</a> as John Mackintosh & Sons Ltd in March 1921. By paying the shareholders of the old company ordinary and preference shares in a sum greater than the issued capital of John Mackintosh Ltd., together with a substantial distribution, they<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2019)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> controlled some 93% of the new firm; two of the founders' sons, Harold and Douglas, controlled over half the ordinary shares.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> To pay estate duties, the public were offered some preference shares.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The family ownership was supplemented by some key management appointments: Harold Mackintosh, chairman and managing director, took charge of purchasing; (John) Harry Guy, a <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Price_Waterhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Price Waterhouse">Price Waterhouse</a> trained accountant, became finance director (from 1922 until his death in 1955); Frank Bottomley, an old school friend of Harold, became works manager (retiring from the firm in 1966); and marketing was overseen by E. L. Fletcher, who joined the firm from the advertising agency T. B. Browne, where he had worked on the Mackintosh account.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mackintosh%27s_Quality_Street_Tin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mackintosh%27s_Quality_Street_Tin.jpg/220px-Mackintosh%27s_Quality_Street_Tin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mackintosh%27s_Quality_Street_Tin.jpg/330px-Mackintosh%27s_Quality_Street_Tin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mackintosh%27s_Quality_Street_Tin.jpg/440px-Mackintosh%27s_Quality_Street_Tin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2511" data-file-height="1933" /></a><figcaption>Mackintosh's <a href="/wiki/Quality_Street_(confectionery)" title="Quality Street (confectionery)">Quality Street</a> (tin of chocolates), 1950s</figcaption></figure> <p>A series of surreal <a href="/wiki/Heath_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Heath Robinson">Heath Robinson</a> cartoons of "Toffee Town" began a memorable national newspaper marketing campaign in October 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the headquarters of the growing concern, Halifax became known as "Toffee Town".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EC_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mackintosh re-entered the United States market but by 1931, it entered into an agreement with another Yorkshire company whose Toronto subsidiary manufactured its toffees on a royalty basis and exported them over the border to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The North Kerry Manufacturing Company was acquired when the firm's sales in the new Irish Free State were affected by import duties in 1924 and, in 1931, they merged their interests, with Rowntree using a holding company: Associated Chocolate and Confectionery Company.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acquisitions were also made in the British market. In 1927, the purchase of two confectionery retailers, Meeson and Tuckshop, gave the firm direct access to consumers, some control over retail prices and diversification. In 1929, the Anglo-American Chewing Gum Ltd. (later renamed the Anglo-American Confectionery) expanded their product range and forestalled American entry into the British market with a rival chewing product.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caley_acquisition">Caley acquisition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mackintosh%27s&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Caley acquisition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert Jarman Caley had begun selling a range of mineral waters and soft drinks in <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a> in 1863. He diversified to produce cocoa (1883), chocolate (1886) and Christmas crackers (1898). The business was purchased in 1918 by the African and Eastern Trading Company and underwent expansion at Norwich and <a href="/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water">mineral water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">cider</a> factories in London, Ipswich, and <a href="/wiki/Banham,_Norfolk" title="Banham, Norfolk">Banham</a>. Caley's had become overcapitalised and unprofitable, and the new owner sought unsuccessfully to dispose of the business in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, <a href="/wiki/Lever_Brothers" title="Lever Brothers">Lever Brothers</a> acquired the Niger Company and in 1929, the United Africa Company was formed by a merger of the Niger Company and the African and Eastern Trading Company. In the same year, Unilever was formed when Lever Brothers merged with Dutch Margarine Unie.<sup id="cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of a lunchtime meeting at the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel" title="Savoy Hotel">Savoy Hotel</a>, Harold bought the A.J. Caley chocolate company in Norwich from <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a> in 1932, giving it access to chocolate production.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whilst continuing in their roles at the parent company, Eric Mackintosh (Harold's younger brother, the managing director of Mackintosh's from 1929) became chairman of Caley's, with Harry Guy taking control of finance and Frank Bottomley as works manager.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_developments">Later developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mackintosh%27s&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toffee-Crisp-Split.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Toffee-Crisp-Split.jpg/220px-Toffee-Crisp-Split.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Toffee-Crisp-Split.jpg/330px-Toffee-Crisp-Split.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Toffee-Crisp-Split.jpg/440px-Toffee-Crisp-Split.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Toffee Crisp cut in half</figcaption></figure> <p>Mackintosh's went on to develop brands such as <a href="/wiki/Quality_Street_(confectionery)" title="Quality Street (confectionery)">Quality Street</a> (1936), <a href="/wiki/Rolo" title="Rolo">Rolo</a> (1938), <a href="/wiki/Caramac" title="Caramac">Caramac</a> (1959) and <a href="/wiki/Toffee_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Toffee Crisp">Toffee Crisp</a> (1963).<sup id="cite_ref-EC_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969, the company merged with <a href="/wiki/Rowntree%27s" title="Rowntree's">Rowntree's</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery" title="Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery">Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery</a>, which was itself taken over by <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a> in 1988.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mackintosh%27s&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lyrics of <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>'s song "<a href="/wiki/Savoy_Truffle" title="Savoy Truffle">Savoy Truffle</a>", first recorded by <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_(album)" title="The Beatles (album)">their self-titled album</a> is a fanciful listing of flavours, some real and others imagined,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a box of Mackintosh's <i>Good News</i> Chocolates.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mackintosh%27s&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Fitzgerald, ‘Mackintosh, John (1868–1920)’, <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/38422,">accessed 29 January 2011</a> John Mackintosh (1868–1920): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F38422">10.1093/ref:odnb/38422</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fitzgerald, Robert (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240525051542/https://www.webcitation.org/5wRYFeto9?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/38422">"Mackintosh, John (1868–1920), confectionery manufacturer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F38422">10.1093/ref:odnb/38422</a>. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mackintosh%2C+John+%281868%E2%80%931920%29%2C+confectionery+manufacturer&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F38422&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F38422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMackintosh%27s" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EC_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EC_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EC_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EC_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.halifaxcourier.co.uk/features/His-creative-confections-earned-Halifax.4087475.jp">Toffee King John Mackintosh, 15 May 2008, Evening Courier.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JSTOR1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSTOR1_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Fitzgerald, "Markets, Management, and Merger: John Mackintosh & Sons, 1890-1969" (2000) 74 (no. 4) <i>The Business History Review</i> 555-609 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3116468">accessed 29 January 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article42707818">"TOFFEE TOWN"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cairns_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairns Post">Cairns Post (Qld. : 1909-1954)</a></i>. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 19 September 1950. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cairns+Post+%28Qld.+%3A+1909-1954%29&rft.atitle=TOFFEE+TOWN.&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1950-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article42707818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMackintosh%27s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eveningnews24.co.uk/content/Features/DerekJames/story.aspx?brand=ENOnline&category=DerekJames&tBrand=enonline&tCategory=DerekJames&itemid=NOED23%20Jun%202009%2010%3A17%3A39%3A353">The Caley's Story</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwich_Evening_News" title="Norwich Evening News">Norwich Evening News</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="/wiki/Black_Magic_(chocolates)" title="Black Magic (chocolates)">Black Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramac" title="Caramac">Caramac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale%27s" title="Gale's">Gale's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoadley%27s_Chocolates" title="Hoadley's Chocolates">Hoadley's</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Waffle" title="Polly Waffle">Polly Waffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Crumble" title="Violet Crumble">Violet Crumble</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Sam_Pretzels" title="Hot Sam Pretzels">Hot Sam Pretzels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Kat" title="Kit Kat">Kit Kat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Secord_Chocolates" title="Laura Secord Chocolates">Laura Secord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_(chocolate_bar)" title="Lion (chocolate bar)">Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchmakers" title="Matchmakers">Matchmakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menier_Chocolate" title="Menier Chocolate">Menier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_(confectionery)" 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Rowntree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mackintosh's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery" title="Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery">Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 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