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</style> </div><div id="c613241" class="csc-default" ><div class="tx-jfmulticontent-pi1"> <div class="subcolumns"> <div class="c75l"><div class="subcl"><div id="c613235" class="csc-default" ><div class="tx-dynalist-pi1"> <style> .swiper-container {width: 100%; max-width: 890px; height:390px; direction:ltr;} .swiper-slide {position: relative;} .swiper-slide div.info {bottom: 0; position: absolute; width:100%;} .swiper-slide .info-title {background-color: #fff; margin-bottom: 10px; opacity: 0.85; padding: 10px 20px; position: relative; width:100%;} .swiper-slide .info-title h1 {font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; margin: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 5px !important;} .swiper-slide .info-title h1 a {color: #000; text-decoration: none;} .swiper-slide .info-body {position: relative; padding-bottom:10px; font-size:1.25em;} .swiper-pagination-switch {background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #555555; border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; display: 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href='/fao-who-codexalimentarius/news-and-events/news-details/en/c/1732734/' title='CCNASWP17 / Interview with the Chairperson'>CCNASWP17 / Interview with the Chairperson</a> </h1>  </div> </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide"> <div class="item-image"><img src='fileadmin/user_upload/codexalimentarius/images/news/Slider - pub - black.jpg' width="890" alt="slide image" title="" style="top:{top}"></div> <div class="info"> <div class="info-title "><h1><a href='/fao-who-codexalimentarius/news-and-events/news-details/en/c/1732567/' title='Out now! Report on monitoring of standards by the “three sisters”'>Out now! Report on monitoring of standards by the “three sisters”</a> </h1>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pagination p-"></div> </div> <script> $(function() { $(".swiper-slide").each(function(){ var lnk = $(this).find('h1').find('a').attr('href'); $(this).find('.info-body').wrap('<a href="'+lnk +'" style="text-decoration:none; color:#000;"></a>') }); }); var mySwiper = new Swiper('.swiper-container',{ pagination: '.pagination', paginationClickable: true, autoplay: 0, speed: 350, loop: true }) </script> </div> </div></div></div> <div class="c25r"><div class="subcr"><div id="c613208" class="csc-default" ><div class="csc-header csc-header-n1"><h2 class="csc-firstHeader">Standards</h2></div><div class="tx-xinclude-pi1"> <h3 class="csc-firstHeader top-switch"><div id="pop-switch" class="switch-selected">Popular</div> <div id="latest-switch">Latest</div></h3><div id="stand-home-container"><p class="popular bodytext"><a>CXS 193-1995</a><br>General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed</p><p class="popular bodytext"><a>CXC 1-1969</a><br>General Principles of Food Hygiene</p><p class="popular bodytext"><a>CXS 1-1985</a><br>General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods</p><p class="popular bodytext"><a>CXG 2-1985</a><br>Guidelines on Nutrition Labelling</p><p class="popular bodytext"><a>CXM 2</a><br>Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and Risk Management Recommendations (RMRs) for Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods</p><p class="popular bodytext"><a>CXS 192-1995</a><br>General Standard for Food Additives</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXC 83-2024</a><br>Code of practice for the prevention or reduction of ciguatera poisoning</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXG 103-2024</a><br>Guidelines for food hygiene control measures in traditional markets for food</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXS 359-2024</a><br>Standard for dried or dehydrated roots, rhizomes and bulbs – Turmeric</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXS 356R-2023</a><br>Regional Standard for Fermented Noni Fruit Juice (North America and South West Pacific)</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXC 82-2023</a><br>Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Mycotoxins Contamination in Cassava and Cassava-Based Products </p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXG 101-2023</a><br>Guidelines on Recognition and Maintenance of Equivalence of National Food Control Systems (NFCS)</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXG 102-2023</a><br>Principles and Guidelines on the Use of Remote Audit and Inspection in Regulatory Frameworks</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXS 354R-2023</a><br>Regional Standard for Soybean Products Fermented with Bacillus Species (Asia)</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXS 355R-2023</a><br>Regional Standard for Cooked Rice Wrapped in Plant Leaves (Asia)</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXG 99-2023</a><br>Guidelines for the Control of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) in Raw Beef, Fresh Leafy Vegetables, Raw Milk and Raw Milk Cheeses, and Sprouts</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXG 100-2023</a><br>Guidelines for the Safe Use and Reuse of Water in Food Production and Processing</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXG 95-2022</a><br>Guidelines for ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF)</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXS 348-2022</a><br>Standard for Onions and Shallots</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXS 349-2022</a><br>Standard for Berry Fruits</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXC 81-2022</a><br>Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Cadmium Contamination in Cocoa Beans</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXG 97-2022</a><br>Guidelines for the Recognition of Active Substances or Authorized Uses of Active Substances of Low Public Health Concern that are Considered Exempted from the Establishment of Maximum Residue Limits or do not give rise to Residues</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXG 96-2022</a><br>Guidelines on the Management of Biological Foodborne Outbreaks</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXG 98-2022</a><br>Guidelines for Developing Harmonized Food Safety Legislation for the CCAFRICA Region</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXS 352-2022</a><br>Standard for Dried Seeds – Nutmeg</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXS 350R-2022</a><br>Regional Standard for Dried Meat (Africa)</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXS 353-2022</a><br>Standard for Dried or Dehydrated Chilli Pepper and Paprika</p><p class="latest-stand bodytext"><a>CXG 93-2021</a><br>Principles and Guidelines for the assessment and use of voluntary third-party assurance programmes</p></div><script> $(function(){ $(".latest-stand").hide(); $("#pop-switch").on("click",function(){ $(".latest-stand").hide(); $(".popular").show(); $(this).addClass("switch-selected"); $("#latest-switch").removeClass("switch-selected"); }); $("#latest-switch").on("click",function(){ $(".latest-stand").show(); $(".popular").hide(); $(this).addClass("switch-selected"); $("#pop-switch").removeClass("switch-selected"); }); }) </script> <style> #content h3.csc-firstHeader.top-switch{ padding-top:0; margin-bottom:0px; border:0; } #pop-switch, #latest-switch{ cursor: pointer; padding: 4px; width: 45%; } #pop-switch{ float: left; } #latest-switch{ float: right; } .switch-selected{ background-color: #EDEDF0; } #latest-switch{ } #stand-home-container{ padding: 6px; height: 317px; background-color: #EDEDF0; overflow-y:scroll; clear:both; } </style> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div><div id="c613232" class="csc-default" ><div id="cta">Protecting health, facilitating trade</div></div><div id="c746841" class="csc-default" ><style> #covid { background-color: #4688C8; color: white; width: 100%; font-size: 24px; padding-left: 5px; min-height: 54px; padding-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; } #covid a { color: white; } #covid a:hover { color: white; text-decoration: underline; } .fas fa-arrow-alt-circle-right { font-size: 24px; } </style> <div id="covid"><i class="fas fa-arrow-alt-circle-right"></i> <a href="https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/COVID-19/">All about COVID-19, CODEX and Food Safety</a></div></div><div id="c613225" class="csc-default" ><div class="tx-jfmulticontent-pi1"> <div class="subcolumns"> <div class="c38l"><div class="subcl"><div id="c613201" class="csc-default" ><h2><i class="fa fa-book"></i> What is the Codex Alimentarius?</h2> <p class="bodytext">The Codex Alimentarius, or "Food Code" is a collection of standards, guidelines and codes of practice adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The Commission, also known as CAC, is the central part of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme and was established by FAO and WHO to protect consumer health and promote fair practices in food trade. It held its first meeting in 1963. <span style="color: rgb(0, 59, 67); font-family: FrutigerLTW02-45Light, Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.008px; line-height: 18.2112px; ">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(13, 108, 172); font-family: FrutigerLTW02-45Light, Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.008px; line-height: 18.2112px; outline: none !important; "><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/about-codex/en/#c453333" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link" >... more</a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 59, 67); font-family: FrutigerLTW02-45Light, Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.008px; line-height: 18.2112px; ">]</span></p></div></div></div> <div class="c33l"><div class="subc"><div id="c613194" class="csc-default" ><h2><i class="fa fa-globe"></i> Why do we need Codex standards?</h2> <p class="bodytext">Codex standards ensure that food is safe and can be traded. The 188 Codex members have negotiated science based recommendations in all areas related to food safety and quality. Codex food safety texts are a reference in WTO trade disputes. <span style="color: rgb(0, 59, 67); font-family: FrutigerLTW02-45Light, Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.008px; line-height: 18.2112px; ">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(13, 108, 172); font-family: FrutigerLTW02-45Light, Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.008px; line-height: 18.2112px; outline: none !important; "><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/en/" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link" >... more</a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 59, 67); font-family: FrutigerLTW02-45Light, Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.008px; line-height: 18.2112px; ">]</span></p></div></div></div> <div class="c25r"><div class="subcr"><div id="c613146" class="csc-default" ><h2><i class="fa fa-question"></i> Common Questions</h2><ul><li><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/about-codex/faq/faq-detail/en/c/454750/" title="Opens internal link in current window" >What are Codex standards?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/about-codex/faq/faq-detail/en/c/454752/" title="Opens external link in new window" target="_blank">Who develops the standards?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/about-codex/faq/faq-detail/en/c/454763/" title="Opens external link in new window" target="_blank">How are standards used?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/about-codex/faq/faq-detail/en/c/454765/" title="Opens external link in new window" target="_blank">Where can I find Codex standards?</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div><div id="c613223" class="csc-default" ><div class="tx-jfmulticontent-pi1"> <div class="subcolumns"> <div class="c38l"><div class="subcl"><div id="c613217" class="csc-default" ><h2><i class="fa fa-info"></i> Codex and...</h2> <p class="bodytext"><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/animal-feed/en/#c437068" title="Opens internal link in current window" ><img height="40" width="40" src="/uploads/RTEmagicC_01_AnimalFeed_20.png.png" alt="" /></a> <a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/animal-feed/en/#c437068" title="Opens internal link in current window" ><b>Animal Feed</b></a> </p> <p class="bodytext">Good animal feeding plays a vital role in animal health & welfare and in the production of safe and quality products of animal origin. </p> <p class="bodytext"><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/antimicrobial-resistance/en/#c437070" title="Opens internal link in current window" ><img height="40" width="40" src="/uploads/RTEmagicC_03_AntiMicrobial_19.png.png" alt="" /> <b>Antimicrobial resistance</b></a> </p> <p class="bodytext">Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global threat of increasing concern to human and animal health. It also has implications for both food safety and food security and the economic well being of millions of farming households. </p> <p class="bodytext"><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/biotechnology/en/" title="Opens internal link in current window" ><img height="40" width="40" src="/uploads/RTEmagicC_04_Biotechnology_19.png.png" alt="" /> <b>Biotechnology</b></a> </p> <p class="bodytext">While there is little controversy about many aspects of biotechnology and its application, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are often the target of very intensive debate.</p></div></div></div> <div class="c33l"><div class="subc"><div id="c613211" class="csc-default" ><p class="bodytext"><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/contaminants/en/#c452833" title="Opens internal link in current window" ><img src="/uploads/RTEmagicC_05_Contaminants_13.png.png" width="40" height="40" alt="" /></a><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/contaminants/en/#c452833" title="Opens internal link in current window" ><b> Contaminants</b></a> </p> <p class="bodytext">Contaminants are chemical substances that have not been intentionally added to food or feed and may pose a risk to animal and human health. </p> <p class="bodytext"><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/nutrition-labelling/en/#c452837" title="Opens internal link in current window" ><img src="/uploads/RTEmagicC_02_Nutrition_18.png.png" width="40" height="40" alt="" /><b> Nutrition & Labelling</b></a> </p> <p class="bodytext">The food label is one of the most important tools consumers can use to make informed choices about healthy and safe foods. </p> <p class="bodytext"><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/pesticides/en/#c452840" title="Opens internal link in current window" ><img src="/uploads/RTEmagicC_06_Pesticides_18.png.png" width="40" height="40" alt="" /><b> Pesticides</b></a> </p> <p class="bodytext">Pesticides with public health uses are intended to limit the potential for disease. By their nature, many pesticides may pose some risk to humans, animals, or the environment.</p></div></div></div> <div class="c25r"><div class="subcr"><div id="c437761" class="csc-default" ><h2><i class="fa fa-flask"></i> Scientific Approach</h2> <p class="bodytext">Codex committees, when developing standards, need to analyze risk. Independent scientific advice is provided to Codex by expert bodies organized by FAO/WHO. These bodies also give direct advice to Member Governments. [<a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/about-codex/science/en/#c437476" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link" >... more</a>]</p></div></div><div class="subcr"><div id="c460159" class="csc-default" ><h2><i class="fa fa-video-camera"></i> Sound Science</h2> <iframe width="280" height="158" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dyOvx5DoK98" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div><div id="c613209" class="csc-default" ><div class="tx-jfmulticontent-pi1"> <div class="subcolumns"> <div class="c75l"><div class="subcl"><div id="c613184" class="csc-default" ><h2><i class="fa fa-users"></i> Upcoming Meetings</h2></div></div><div class="subcl"><div id="c613181" class="csc-default" ><div class="tx-xinclude-pi1"> <table id="upcoming-meeting-table" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr><td><span ses="#23@" class="item-acronym linked" ><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/meetings/detail/en/?meeting=CCFFV&session=23" >CCFFV23</a></span><br> Codex Committee on Fresh Fruits and Vegetables</td><td class="">Mexico City<br>Mexico</td><td class="CLdate">25/02/2025</td><td class="CLdate">01/03/2025</td></tr><tr><td><span ses="#55@" class="item-acronym linked" ><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/meetings/detail/en/?meeting=CCFA&session=55" >CCFA55</a></span><br> Codex Committee on Food Additives</td><td class="">Seoul<br>Republic of Korea</td><td class="CLdate">24/03/2025</td><td class="CLdate">28/03/2025</td></tr><tr><td><span ses="#44@" class="item-acronym not-linked" >CCMAS44</span><br> Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling</td><td class="">Budapest<br>Hungary</td><td class="CLdate">05/05/2025</td><td class="CLdate">09/05/2025</td></tr><tr><td><span ses="#56@" class="item-acronym not-linked" >CCPR56</span><br> Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues</td><td class=""><br></td><td class="CLdate">19/05/2025</td><td class="CLdate">24/05/2025</td></tr><tr><td><span ses="#34@" class="item-acronym not-linked" >CCGP34</span><br> Codex Committee on General Principles</td><td class="">Lille<br>France</td><td class="CLdate">02/06/2025</td><td class="CLdate">06/06/2025</td></tr><tr><td><span ses="#18@" class="item-acronym not-linked" >CCCF18</span><br> Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods</td><td class="">Bangkok<br>Thailand</td><td class="CLdate">23/06/2025</td><td class="CLdate">27/06/2025</td></tr><tr><td><span ses="#88@" class="item-acronym not-linked" >CCEXEC88</span><br> Executive Committee of the Codex Alimentarius Commission</td><td class=""><br></td><td class="CLdate">14/07/2025</td><td class="CLdate">18/07/2025</td></tr><tr><td><span ses="#8@" class="item-acronym not-linked" >CCSCH8</span><br> Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs</td><td class="">Kochi, Kerala<br>India</td><td class="CLdate">13/10/2025</td><td class="CLdate">17/10/2025</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div></div><div class="subcl"></div></div> <div class="c25r"><div class="subcr"></div><div class="subcr"><div id="c968580" class="csc-default" ><a class="twitter-timeline" data-width="300" data-height="400" href="https://twitter.com/FAOWHOCodex"></a><script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div></div><div class="subcr"></div></div> </div> </div> </div><div class="styledBox codex-emeraldBox" id="c613178"><div class="tx-jfmulticontent-pi1"> <div class="subcolumns"> <div class="c60l"><div class="subcl"><div id="c613176" class="csc-default" ><h2 class="showcase"> Publications</h2> <p class="bodytext"><a href="https://doi.org/10.4060/cd2280en" target="new" ><img src="/uploads/RTEmagicC_1e3b9173da.jpg.jpg" width="160" style="padding-right: 25px; padding-bottom: 25px; float: left;" height="227" alt="" /></a>The Procedural Manual (PM) of the Codex Alimentarius Commission sets out the basic Rules of Procedure, procedures for the elaboration of Codex standards and related texts, and basic definitions and guidelines for the operation of Codex committees. The PM helps national delegations and international organizations attending as observers, participate effectively in the work of Codex. </p> <p class="bodytext"> </p> <p class="bodytext">Updates to this edition include: amendments to the section on commodity standards dealing with non-retail containers, text on committees working by correspondence, and a new annex on extrapolation of maximum residue limits of veterinary drugs. </p> <p class="bodytext"><a href="https://doi.org/10.4060/cd2280en" title="Download the PM" target="_blank" class="external-link-new-window" >Download</a> </p> <p class="bodytext"> </p> <p class="bodytext"> </p></div></div></div> <div class="c40r"><div class="subcr"><div id="c613166" class="csc-default" ><p class="bodytext"><br /><br /> </p><blockquote style="margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;"><p class="bodytext">An important step forward and a great gift for the 60th anniversary of the Codex Alimentarius Commission!</p></blockquote><div class="align-right"><p class="bodytext"><i>Jean-Luc Angot, France<br />Chairperson Codex Committee on General Principles</i></p></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div><div id="c613163" class="csc-default" ><div class="tx-jfmulticontent-pi1"> <div class="subcolumns"> <div class="c50l"><div class="subcl"><div id="c613160" class="csc-default" ><h2><i class="fa fa-video-camera"></i> Latest video</h2></div></div><div class="subcl"><div id="c613155" class="csc-default" ><div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/44Hl8gcieco?rel=0&showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>  </div></div></div></div> <div class="c50r"><div class="subcr"><div id="c613154" class="csc-default" ><div class="csc-textpic csc-textpic-center csc-textpic-below"><div class="csc-textpic-text"><h2><i class="fa fa-commenting"></i> Codex and SDGs</h2> <p class="bodytext">On September 25th 2015, countries adopted a set of goals to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. How is Codex working to achieve these goals? [<a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sdgs/en/#c459191" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link" >... more</a>]</p></div><div class="csc-textpic-imagewrap csc-textpic-single-image" style="width:480px;"><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sdgs/en/#c459191" ><img src="/typo3temp/pics/5f7ae30c5c.png" width="480" height="240" alt="" /></a></div></div><div class="csc-textpic-clear"></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div></div> </section>   <footer> <div id="system-links"><div id="c434526" class="csc-default" ><ul> <li><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/about-codex/en/#c453333" class="internal-link" >About us</a></li><li><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/about-codex/en/#c453328" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link" >Contact us</a></li> <li><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/about-codex/faq/en/#c454876" title="Opens internal link in current window" target="_top" class="internal-link" >FAQs</a></li></ul><ul> <li><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/resources/circular-letters/en/" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link" >Circular Letters</a></li><li><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sitemap/en/" target="_top" class="internal-link" >Sitemap</a></li><li><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/help/en/" target="_top" >Help</a></li></ul><ul><li><a href="https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/data_protection/en/" target="_top" >Data Protection and Privacy Notice</a></li> <li><a href="/contact-us/terms/" class="internal-link" >Copyright / Disclaimer</a></li><li><a href="/fao-who-codexalimentarius/registration/CAF_connector/en/?caslogin=login" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link" >Login</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="social-networks"><div id="c434553" class="csc-default" ><div class="csc-header csc-header-n1"><h4 class="csc-firstHeader">Follow us on</h4></div><p class="bodytext"> <a href="https://x.com/FAOWHOCodex" target="_blank" class="external-link-new-window" ><img height="32" width="32" title="Twitter" alt="Twitter" src="/uploads/RTEmagicC_1122a933c0.png.png" /></a>   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6uGYyXexzM&list=PLzp5NgJ2-dK69ov7NL8Zt0mO1iJqxYeW9" target="_blank" class="external-link-new-window" > <img height="32" width="32" title="YouTube" alt="YouTube" src="/uploads/RTEmagicC_youtube_73.png.png" /></a></p></div></div> <div id="copyright"><div class="en">© FAO/WHO, 2025</div></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c245967" class="csc-default" > <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','_gaTracker'); 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