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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trasporto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Trasporto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trasporto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizzo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizzo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Utilizzo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizzo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Commercio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Energia elettrica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 66 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طاقة كهربائية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طاقة كهربائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_ll%C3%A9trico" title="Enerxía llétrico - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enerxía llétrico" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_enerjisi" title="Elektrik enerjisi - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektrik enerjisi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="الکتریک انرژیسی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکتریک انرژیسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Электраэнергія - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электраэнергія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Электраэнэргія - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Электраэнэргія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Електрическа енергия - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електрическа енергия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বৈদ্যুতিক শক্তি - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বৈদ্যুতিক শক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_energija" title="Električna energija - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Električna energija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_el%C3%A8ctrica" title="Energia elèctrica - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Energia elèctrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A1_energie" title="Elektrická energie - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektrická energie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Электроэнерги - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электроэнерги" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_energi" title="Elektrisk energi - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektrisk energi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Energie" title="Elektrische Energie - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrische Energie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ηλεκτρική ενέργεια - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρική ενέργεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energy" title="Electrical energy - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electrical energy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_energio" title="Elektra energio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektra energio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Energía eléctrica - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Energía eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrienergia" title="Elektrienergia - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektrienergia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_elektriko" title="Energia elektriko - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Energia elektriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="انرژی الکتریکی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انرژی الکتریکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergie_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Énergie électrique - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Énergie électrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_werk" title="Elektrisk werk - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Elektrisk werk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Enerxía eléctrica - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enerxía eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="विद्युत ऊर्जा - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत ऊर्जा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_energija" title="Električna energija - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Električna energija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A7%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Էլեկտրաէներգիա - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրաէներգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi_listrik" title="Energi listrik - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Energi listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektral_energio" title="Elektral energio - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Elektral energio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F" title="電力量 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電力量" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%A0%A5%EB%9F%89" title="전력량 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전력량" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroener%C4%A3ija" title="Elektroenerģija - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektroenerģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Електрична енергија - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електрична енергија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="विद्युत स्थितीज ऊर्जा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विद्युत स्थितीज ऊर्जा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenaga_elektrik" title="Tenaga elektrik - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tenaga elektrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအင် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_energie" title="Elektrische energie - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektrische energie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_energi" title="Elektrisk energi - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisk energi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_energi" title="Elektrisk energi - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisk energi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬਿਜਲਈ ਊਰਜਾ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਜਲਈ ਊਰਜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_elektryczna" title="Energia elektryczna - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Energia elektryczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="برقی توانائی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برقی توانائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_el%C3%A9trica" title="Energia elétrica - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Energia elétrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energie_electric%C4%83" title="Energie electrică - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Energie electrică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Электроэнергия - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электроэнергия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrihkala%C5%A1_energiija" title="Elektrihkalaš energiija - sami del nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Elektrihkalaš energiija" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_energija" title="Električna energija - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Električna energija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energy" title="Electrical energy - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electrical energy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A1_energia" title="Elektrická energia - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrická energia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_energija" title="Električna energija - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Električna energija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energjia_elektrike" title="Energjia elektrike - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Energjia elektrike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Електрична енергија - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електрична енергија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_energi" title="Elektrisk energi - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektrisk energi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்னிலையாற்றல் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்னிலையாற்றல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="విద్యుత్ శక్తి - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విద్యుత్ శక్తి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enje%C3%B1aria_elektro" title="Enjeñaria elektro - tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Enjeñaria elektro" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_enerjisi" title="Elektrik enerjisi - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektrik enerjisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Електрична енергія - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електрична енергія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="برقی توانائی - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی توانائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr_energiyasi" title="Elektr energiyasi - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektr energiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Năng lượng điện - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Năng lượng điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0ttanug_mb%C3%ABj" title="Kàttanug mbëj - wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kàttanug mbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%83%BD" title="电能 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电能" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%83%BD" title="电能 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="电能" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%83%BD" title="電能 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電能" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>L'<b>energia elettrica</b> è, nell'accezione più comune del termine, l'<a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> di una <a href="/wiki/Corrente_elettrica" title="Corrente elettrica">corrente elettrica</a>. Più in generale nell'ambito della <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a> l'energia elettrica è l'energia associata all'<a href="/wiki/Elettricit%C3%A0" title="Elettricità">elettricità</a>, in particolare si parla di <a href="/wiki/Energia_potenziale_elettrica" title="Energia potenziale elettrica">energia potenziale elettrica</a> quando ci si riferisce a quella posseduta da una distribuzione fissa di <a href="/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica">cariche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'energia elettrica è una <a href="/wiki/Fonte_di_energia_secondaria" title="Fonte di energia secondaria">fonte di energia secondaria</a> ed è ricavata dai <a href="/wiki/Generatore_elettrico" title="Generatore elettrico">generatori elettrici</a> attraverso la trasformazione delle <a href="/wiki/Fonte_di_energia_primaria" title="Fonte di energia primaria">fonti energetiche primarie</a>. Le fonti maggiormente impiegate per la <a href="/wiki/Produzione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Produzione di energia elettrica">produzione di energia elettrica</a> sono l'<a href="/wiki/Energia_chimica" title="Energia chimica">energia chimica</a> contenuta nei <a href="/wiki/Combustibile_fossile" title="Combustibile fossile">combustibili fossili</a> e nelle <a href="/wiki/Biomassa" title="Biomassa">biomasse</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Energia_nucleare" title="Energia nucleare">energia nucleare</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Energia_idraulica" title="Energia idraulica">energia idraulica</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Energia_eolica" title="Energia eolica">energia eolica</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Energia_solare" title="Energia solare">energia solare</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Energia_geotermica" title="Energia geotermica">energia geotermica</a>. Dopo essere stata prodotta l'energia elettrica può essere immessa nella <a href="/wiki/Rete_elettrica" title="Rete elettrica">rete elettrica</a> dove viene <a href="/wiki/Trasmissione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Trasmissione di energia elettrica">trasmessa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Distribuzione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Distribuzione di energia elettrica">distribuita</a> attraverso le <a href="/wiki/Linea_elettrica" title="Linea elettrica">linee elettriche</a> agli utilizzatori finali.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'energia elettrica è ampiamente utilizzata in quanto può essere facilmente convertita con un alto <a href="/wiki/Rendimento_(termodinamica)" title="Rendimento (termodinamica)">rendimento</a> in <a href="/wiki/Energia_meccanica" title="Energia meccanica">energia meccanica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energia_luminosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Energia luminosa">luminosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energia_termica" title="Energia termica">termica</a> e di altro tipo, oltre ad essere indispensabile per tutte le applicazioni nel campo dell'<a href="/wiki/Informatica" title="Informatica">informatica</a> e delle <a href="/wiki/Telecomunicazione" title="Telecomunicazione">telecomunicazioni</a>. Il principale inconveniente di questa fonte energetica è la difficoltà nello stoccaggio, pertanto deve essere prodotta nello stesso momento in cui è richiesta. I principali <a href="/wiki/Accumulatore_elettrico" title="Accumulatore elettrico">accumulatori</a> impiegati sono le <a href="/wiki/Batteria_ricaricabile" title="Batteria ricaricabile">batterie</a>, per piccole quantità, e le <a href="/wiki/Stazione_di_pompaggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Stazione di pompaggio">centrali idroelettriche di pompaggio</a> per quantità maggiori.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'energia elettrica è solitamente misurata in <a href="/wiki/Chilowattora" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilowattora">chilowattora</a> (simbolo kWh), unità che indica l'energia complessivamente fornita da una <a href="/wiki/Potenza_elettrica" title="Potenza elettrica">potenza elettrica</a> di un <a href="/wiki/Chilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilowatt">chilowatt</a> in un'<a href="/wiki/Ora" title="Ora">ora</a> ed è quindi equivalente a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006360000000000000♠"></span>3,6 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">MJ</a></span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produzione">Produzione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Produzione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Produzione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Produzione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Produzione di energia elettrica">Produzione di energia elettrica</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turbogenerator01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Turbogenerator01.jpg/220px-Turbogenerator01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Turbogenerator01.jpg/330px-Turbogenerator01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Turbogenerator01.jpg/440px-Turbogenerator01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1519" /></a><figcaption>Una <a href="/wiki/Turbina_a_vapore" title="Turbina a vapore">turbina a vapore</a> per la generazione di energia elettrica.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'energia elettrica, se si eccettua l'<a href="/wiki/Elettricit%C3%A0" title="Elettricità">elettricità</a> atmosferica dei <a href="/wiki/Fulmine" title="Fulmine">fulmini</a> e il potenziale debolmente negativo della <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a>, non è una <a href="/wiki/Fonte_di_energia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fonte di energia">fonte di energia</a> primaria sulla <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a> per cui deve essere prodotta per trasformazione a partire da una fonte di energia primaria, risultando così una <a href="/wiki/Fonte_di_energia_secondaria" title="Fonte di energia secondaria">fonte di energia secondaria</a>. Il processo di trasformazione, a <a href="/wiki/Rendimento_(termodinamica)" title="Rendimento (termodinamica)">rendimento</a> sempre inferiore al 100%, avviene all'interno di <a href="/wiki/Centrale_elettrica" title="Centrale elettrica">centrali elettriche</a>. In queste, escludendo il <a href="/wiki/Impianto_fotovoltaico" title="Impianto fotovoltaico">fotovoltaico</a>, qualunque altra sia la fonte da cui si intende generare energia, tre sono le macchine indispensabili allo scopo che si vuole ottenere: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Turbina" title="Turbina">turbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternatore" title="Alternatore">alternatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasformatore" title="Trasformatore">trasformatore</a></li></ol> <p>Altro elemento del quale non si poteva fare a meno per produrre energia elettrica è l'<a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a>, in forma liquida (come nelle <a href="/wiki/Centrale_idroelettrica" title="Centrale idroelettrica">centrali idroelettriche</a>) o di <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">vapore</a> (nelle <a href="/wiki/Centrale_termoelettrica" title="Centrale termoelettrica">centrali termoelettriche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centrale_geotermica" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrale geotermica">geotermoelettriche</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Centrale_nucleare" title="Centrale nucleare">fissione nucleare</a> ed a <a href="/wiki/Solare_termodinamico" class="mw-redirect" title="Solare termodinamico">solare termodinamico</a>), ma sempre ad alta pressione, allo scopo di far girare le turbine ad un numero di giri tale da produrre in maniera il più possibile costante la <a href="/wiki/Corrente_alternata" title="Corrente alternata">corrente alternata</a> per mezzo dell'alternatore. </p><p>L'utilizzo di acqua che, in quasi tutti i casi, deve essere riscaldata fino a divenire <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">vapore</a> presenta due ordini di problemi: </p> <ul><li>reperibilità dell'acqua.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquinamento_termico" title="Inquinamento termico">inquinamento termico</a> dell'acqua che, se non viene recuperata in impianti di <a href="/wiki/Teleriscaldamento" title="Teleriscaldamento">teleriscaldamento</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cogenerazione" title="Cogenerazione">cogenerazione</a>), viene dispersa in atmosfera sotto forma di <a href="/wiki/Vapore_acqueo" title="Vapore acqueo">vapore acqueo</a> oppure reimmessa nei recipienti (laghi, fiumi, mare), da cui è di solito prelevata, a temperature superiori.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trasporto">Trasporto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Trasporto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Trasporto"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Trasmissione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Trasmissione di energia elettrica">Trasmissione di energia elettrica</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Distribuzione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Distribuzione di energia elettrica">Distribuzione di energia elettrica</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transmission_towers_at_sunset_in_East_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Transmission_towers_at_sunset_in_East_Texas.jpg/220px-Transmission_towers_at_sunset_in_East_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Transmission_towers_at_sunset_in_East_Texas.jpg/330px-Transmission_towers_at_sunset_in_East_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Transmission_towers_at_sunset_in_East_Texas.jpg/440px-Transmission_towers_at_sunset_in_East_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1832" data-file-height="1222" /></a><figcaption>Linee di trasmissione dell'energia elettrica.</figcaption></figure> <p>Una volta prodotta l'energia elettrica attraverso i vari sistemi di <a href="/wiki/Produzione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Produzione di energia elettrica">produzione</a>, il suo trasporto su vasta scala e la sua distribuzione dalle centrali fino agli utenti finali avviene attraverso la <a href="/wiki/Trasmissione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Trasmissione di energia elettrica">rete di trasmissione</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Distribuzione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Distribuzione di energia elettrica">rete di distribuzione</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizzo">Utilizzo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Utilizzo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizzo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TorchCuttingCloseup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TorchCuttingCloseup.jpg/220px-TorchCuttingCloseup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TorchCuttingCloseup.jpg/330px-TorchCuttingCloseup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TorchCuttingCloseup.jpg/440px-TorchCuttingCloseup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1895" /></a><figcaption>Energia elettrica direttamente impiegata per il <a href="/wiki/Taglio_al_plasma" title="Taglio al plasma">taglio al plasma</a></figcaption></figure> <p>L'utilizzo dell'energia elettrica è diffusissimo nella società moderna attraverso l'allaccio alla rete elettrica oppure tramite <a href="/wiki/Batteria_(chimica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batteria (chimica)">batterie</a> o <a href="/wiki/Batteria_ricaricabile" title="Batteria ricaricabile">accumulatori</a>: basta pensare all'uso nell'<a href="/wiki/Illuminazione" title="Illuminazione">illuminazione</a> di edifici (pubblici e privati) e strade, nell'<a href="/wiki/Alimentazione_elettrica" title="Alimentazione elettrica">alimentazione elettrica</a> degli <a href="/wiki/Elettrodomestico" title="Elettrodomestico">elettrodomestici</a> e dei <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> nonché nei processi produttivi-industriali ovvero nelle <a href="/wiki/Macchina_elettrica" title="Macchina elettrica">macchine elettriche</a> quali i <a href="/wiki/Motore_elettrico" title="Motore elettrico">motori elettrici</a>. </p><p>Il consumo mondiale di energia elettrica è cresciuto costantemente nell'ultimo mezzo secolo, raggiungendo circa 25 500 terawattora nel 2022. Tra il 1980 e il 2022, il consumo di energia elettrica è più che triplicato, mentre la popolazione mondiale ha raggiunto quasi otto miliardi di persone. La crescita dell'industrializzazione e dell'accesso all'energia elettrica in tutto il mondo ha ulteriormente incrementato la domanda di energia elettrica.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La sua scoperta ha rappresentato una rivoluzione tecnologica, economica e sociale innescando una forte e irreversibile dipendenza/pervasività grazie ai suoi vantaggi rispetto all'<a href="/wiki/Energia_meccanica" title="Energia meccanica">energia meccanica</a> prodotta dai <a href="/wiki/Motore_endotermico" class="mw-redirect" title="Motore endotermico">motori endotermici</a>. Tra questi si ricorda il fatto di poter essere facilmente trasportata a distanza, il basso rumore di esercizio delle apparecchiature elettriche, l'assenza di fumi di scarico nei luoghi di utilizzo e il minor ingombro di una macchina elettrica rispetto ad altre. </p><p>Tra gli svantaggi si annovera invece proprio il fatto di non essere una fonte primaria e quindi la necessità di una infrastruttura di conversione che inevitabilmente introduce una perdita di efficienza nel processo di conversione a monte e nel trasporto lungo le <a href="/wiki/Linea_elettrica" title="Linea elettrica">linee</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercio">Commercio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Commercio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Commercio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il commercio dell'energia elettrica avviene a livello centralizzato o sul <a href="/wiki/Mercato_elettrico" title="Mercato elettrico">mercato elettrico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_energia-elettrica" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/energia-elettrica"><span style="font-style:italic;">Energia elettrica</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. <small>URL consultato il 1º novembre 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFFaletti,_Chizzolini">Faletti, Chizzolini</a>, 65</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a href="/wiki/Statista_(sito_web)" title="Statista (sito web)">STATISTA</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/280704/world-power-consumption/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Net electricity consumption worldwide in select years from 1980 to 2022(in terawatt-hours)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">statista.com</span>, 2024. <small>URL consultato l'8 marzo 2024</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231124144822/https://www.statista.com/statistics/280704/world-power-consumption/">archiviato</a> il 24 novembre 2023)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Peter Cramton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watermark.silverchair.com/grx041.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAsQwggLABgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKxMIICrQIBADCCAqYGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMg_SnX5TxB7RBFNZMAgEQgIICd5QKGvFodO35oM3iXYqCWR382_70d-pRwtfp-2hAv5iZZvfIbkGgSKRltuOAGRK5SyxdRWBRKkHeefp3NVdM6Ad9Sr_gi05RIdRymVrjfioxuwWhHZy_V81bz6J0oFDBauat7e8ZVwaXibt4XqXljSWNqCwGQRMgYvaYpf8iwRf2tj02v8O63TpIADiekgJAxuTdIZF_Vm6R3-ZtVBxLAkdQaBCX_nftGlTKWk-nVMpdKDf8yy6xT9OJGsNLj8Dm4-BycXjxAy41KpvyIOjdPfjHxsB-2F43N9rVkFHXgGTs02gYej1Is2HyjdI3FfTB2CPNYNEIOvCa9cW1vf1WRmzNK3hKXiForzPstGykKziSMLx7LY86Qd2pgIafyV7_88kUIb2zxoTDGTKj3x7pNHvYqIiOeS-lsUWkRfcmRJaredW_hl7Hr2xS5JaeHWM1zpstPWVJibJK-JdloE8mRoP8Fwfk7DtXsnLyFzirL3M0t0yKvJ6E5L0I3RpAUtQruUwCqtRRA5-46OoJWDhahNUDlFcPSG0-yGUJtP9YJGw6ZKslD86C11QKlZtVGdIt2FWqhsqeZePKd_Wq9-ZQofjKOeDnI2D4Pj_56q-YBuH8MSouyoGD_I65CVzw1VaoDmPM3KxZRJ_bSqcmI1QNhwzgXGWgI6yT9iEyLq3G8mb0bgjlO62LtIoUHqd-w3XCT899Lu7xtmUYRA2Yb9aw7_PgSByUSUoddxVSeYZEEbSryG2YLlyUsubEMTMQqwSE-9b20ABP9XtZ4nIYxlxIJxsa5xS2ZM8bdVvvgcbsAuMGOiR4emUtjqQSLq98Kyr6ZIvRbWp5aR8"><span style="font-style:italic;">Electricity market design</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Oxford Review of Economic Policy</span>, vol. 33, n. 4, 2017, pp. 589-612.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFFaletti,_Chizzolini" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Noverino Faletti e Paolo Chizzolini, <span style="font-style:italic;">Trasmissione e distribuzione dell'energia elettrica</span>, vol. 1, Bologna, Pàtron Editore, 2004, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-555-2776-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-555-2776-7">978-88-555-2776-7</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energia_potenziale_elettrica" title="Energia potenziale elettrica">Energia potenziale elettrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribuzione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Distribuzione di energia elettrica">Distribuzione di energia elettrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasmissione_di_energia_elettrica" title="Trasmissione di energia elettrica">Trasmissione di energia elettrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattora" title="Wattora">Wattora</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/L%27energia_elettrica_(elementari)" class="extiw" title="v:L'energia elettrica (elementari)">Wikiversità</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Electricity"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electricity?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiversità"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiversità" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/18px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/36px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversità</a> contiene risorse sull'<b><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/L%27energia_elettrica_(elementari)" class="extiw" title="v:L'energia elettrica (elementari)">energia elettrica</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sull'<b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electricity?uselang=it">energia elettrica</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_elettrica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_energia-elettrica" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/energia-elettrica"><span style="font-style:italic;">Energia elettrica</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.</cite></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikinotizie"><img alt="Collabora a Wikinotizie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/18px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/36px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikinews.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="n:">Wikinotizie</a> contiene l'articolo <b><a href="https://it.wikinews.org/wiki/MIT_e_Intel_creano_energia_elettrica_senza_fili" class="extiw" title="n:MIT e Intel creano energia elettrica senza fili">MIT e Intel creano energia elettrica senza fili</a></b>, 23 agosto 2008</li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Im-jabber.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Elettrotecnica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Im-jabber.png/25px-Im-jabber.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Im-jabber.png/38px-Im-jabber.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Im-jabber.png/50px-Im-jabber.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Elettrotecnica" title="Portale:Elettrotecnica">Portale Elettrotecnica</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal128-energy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Energia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Crystal128-energy.svg/25px-Crystal128-energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Crystal128-energy.svg/38px-Crystal128-energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Crystal128-energy.svg/50px-Crystal128-energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Energia" title="Portale:Energia">Portale Energia</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fisica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Fisica" title="Portale:Fisica">Portale Fisica</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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