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class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Almidoi" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Almidoi" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Almidoi" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Almidoi" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia_eta_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia_eta_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia eta historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia_eta_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landareen_energia_biltegia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landareen_energia_biltegia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Landareen energia biltegia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landareen_energia_biltegia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propietateak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propietateak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Propietateak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Propietateak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Propietateak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Propietateak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egitura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egitura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Egitura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egitura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidrolisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrolisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hidrolisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrolisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Test_kimikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Test_kimikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Test kimikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Test_kimikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funtzioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funtzioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Funtzioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funtzioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industria_mailako_ekoizpena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industria_mailako_ekoizpena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Industria mailako ekoizpena</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Industria_mailako_ekoizpena-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Industria mailako ekoizpena azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Industria_mailako_ekoizpena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elikagaiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elikagaiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Elikagaiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elikagaiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Farmazia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farmazia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Farmazia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farmazia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erabilerak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erabilerak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Erabilerak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Erabilerak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Erabilerak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Erabilerak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Papergintza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papergintza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Papergintza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papergintza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arropak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arropak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Arropak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arropak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Almidoi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 94 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4rke" title="Stärke – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stärke" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amel%C3%B3n" title="Amelón – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Amelón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="نشا – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نشا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almid%C3%B3n" title="Almidón – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Almidón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%9Fasta" title="Nişasta – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nişasta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87" title="نشاسته – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نشاسته" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Крахмал – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Крахмал" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Крухмал – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крухмал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Крухмал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крухмал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Нишесте – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нишесте" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="শ্বেতসার – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শ্বেতসার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0krob" title="Škrob – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Škrob" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid%C3%B3" title="Midó – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Midó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95" title="نیشاستە – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیشاستە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0krob" title="Škrob – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Škrob" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stivelse" title="Stivelse – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stivelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4rke" title="Stärke – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stärke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Άμυλο – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άμυλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch" title="Starch – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Starch" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelo" title="Amelo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almid%C3%B3n" title="Almidón – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Almidón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4rklis" title="Tärklis – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tärklis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87" title="نشاسته – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشاسته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4rkkelys" title="Tärkkelys – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tärkkelys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amidon" title="Amidon – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amidon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiselmoal" title="Stiselmoal – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stiselmoal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1irse" title="Stáirse – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stáirse" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amid%C3%B3n" title="Amidón – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amidón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramir%C3%B5" title="Aramirõ – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Aramirõ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F" title="עמילן – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמילן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="मंड – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मंड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0krob" title="Škrob – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Škrob" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kem%C3%A9ny%C3%ADt%C5%91" title="Keményítő – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Keményítő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Օսլա – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսլա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amilum" title="Amilum – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amilum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amilo" title="Amilo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterkja" title="Sterkja – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sterkja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amido" title="Amido – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amido" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%B3" title="デンプン – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デンプン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathi" title="Pathi – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pathi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სახამებელი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სახამებელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Крахмал – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Крахмал" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F" title="ಪಿಷ್ಟ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಿಷ್ಟ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EB%A7%90" title="녹말 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="녹말" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylum" title="Amylum – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amylum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A8tmael" title="Zètmael – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zètmael" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammido" title="Ammido – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ammido" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amed" title="Amed – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Amed" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakmolas" title="Krakmolas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krakmolas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciete" title="Ciete – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ciete" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavolo" title="Tavolo – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tavolo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Скроб – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Скроб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%82" title="അന്നജം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്നജം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Цардуул – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цардуул" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE" title="ကစီ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကစီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posema" title="Posema – napoliera" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Posema" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zetmeel" title="Zetmeel – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zetmeel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stive" title="Stive – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stive" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stivelse" title="Stivelse – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stivelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amidon" title="Amidon – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Amidon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhamsa" title="Dhamsa – oromoera" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhamsa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A" title="ਸਟਾਰਚ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਟਾਰਚ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrobia" title="Skrobia – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skrobia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="نشاستا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نشاستا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amido" title="Amido – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miqu" title="Miqu – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Miqu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amidon" title="Amidon – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amidon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Крахмал – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крахмал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stairch" title="Stairch – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Stairch" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stearkalas" title="Stearkalas – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Stearkalas" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0krob" title="Škrob – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Škrob" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch" title="Starch – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Starch" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0krob" title="Škrob – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Škrob" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0krob" title="Škrob – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Škrob" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niseshte" title="Niseshte – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Niseshte" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Скроб – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Скроб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aci" title="Aci – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aci" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4rkelse" title="Stärkelse – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stärkelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanga" title="Wanga – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wanga" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="மாப்பொருள் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாப்பொருள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3)" title="แป้ง (สารอาหาร) – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แป้ง (สารอาหาร)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawgaw" title="Gawgaw – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gawgaw" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%9Fasta" title="Nişasta – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nişasta" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraxmal" title="Kraxmal – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Kraxmal" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Крохмаль – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крохмаль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81" title="نشاستہ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نشاستہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraxmal" title="Kraxmal – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kraxmal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinh_b%E1%BB%99t" title="Tinh bột – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tinh bột" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almirol" title="Almirol – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Almirol" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%80%E7%B2%89" title="淀粉 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="淀粉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%9C" title="קראכמל – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קראכמל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%80%E7%B2%89" title="淀粉 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="淀粉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B1%E7%B2%89" title="澱粉 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="澱粉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41534#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Almidoi" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Almidoi&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Almidoi"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Almidoi" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Almidoi" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&oldid=9389020" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Almidoi&id=9389020&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlmidoi"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlmidoi"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Almidoi"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Almidoi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Starch" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41534" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #f8eaba;">Almidoi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Amylopektin_Sessel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Amylopektin_Sessel.svg/190px-Amylopektin_Sessel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Amylopektin_Sessel.svg/285px-Amylopektin_Sessel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Amylopektin_Sessel.svg/380px-Amylopektin_Sessel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="359" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Potato_starch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Potato_starch.jpg/285px-Potato_starch.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Potato_starch.jpg/428px-Potato_starch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Potato_starch.jpg/570px-Potato_starch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="483" /></a></span><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Starch" title="c:Category:Starch"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/10px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Starch" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Starch">Irudi gehiago</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Konposizioa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigeno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono">karbono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amilopektina" title="Amilopektina">Amilopektina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Amilosa" title="Amilosa">Amilosa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mota</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polisakarido" title="Polisakarido">polisakarido</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukaldaritzako_osagai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukaldaritzako osagai (sortu gabe)">sukaldaritzako osagai</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primary_metabolite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primary metabolite (sortu gabe)">primary metabolite</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3333419?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #f8eaba;">Ezaugarriak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Dentsitatea</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="text-align:start;">1.450 kg/m³ </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Sublimazio-tenperatura</th><td class="infobox-data">410 °C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lurrun-presioa</th><td class="infobox-data">0 mmHg (20 °C)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #f8eaba;">Arriskuak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Denboran ponderatutako esposizio muga</th><td class="infobox-data">5 mg/m³ (10 h, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Ameriketako Estatu Batuak</a>)<br />10 mg/m³ (10 h, baliorik ez)<br />15 mg/m³ (8 h, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Ameriketako Estatu Batuak</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lehergarritasun gutxieneko kontzentrazioa</th><td class="infobox-data">50</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Eragin dezake</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starch_exposure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starch exposure (sortu gabe)">starch exposure</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21175313?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #f8eaba;">Identifikatzaileak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">CAS zenbakia</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/9005-25-8">9005-25-8</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Gmelin</th><td class="infobox-data">28017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">RTECS zenbakia</th><td class="infobox-data">GM5090000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">ZVG</th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=679&url_prefix=http://gestis-en.itrust.de/nxt/gateway.dll?f=id$t=default.htm$vid=gestiseng:sdbeng$id=&id=12160">12160</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">DSSTox zenbakia</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/GM5090000">GM5090000</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">EC zenbakia</th><td class="infobox-data">232-679-6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">ECHA</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.029.696">100.029.696</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">CosIng</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=74532">74532</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">MeSH</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/#/record/ui?ui=D013213">D013213</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">UNII</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/unii/24SC3U704I">24SC3U704I</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/unii/4DGK8B7I3S">4DGK8B7I3S</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/unii/79QS2MG2LP">79QS2MG2LP</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/unii/8I089SAH3T">8I089SAH3T</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/unii/904CE6697V">904CE6697V</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/unii/O8232NY3SJ">O8232NY3SJ</a> eta <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/unii/YAQ9FOE480">YAQ9FOE480</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">KEGG</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C00369">C00369</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Potato_starch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="patata-almidoia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Potato_starch.jpg/220px-Potato_starch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Potato_starch.jpg/330px-Potato_starch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Potato_starch.jpg/440px-Potato_starch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>Patata-almidoia</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Almidoia</b> landareetan dagoen <a href="/wiki/Polisakarido" title="Polisakarido">polisakaridoa</a> da, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b79333175c8b3f0840bfb4ec41b8072c83ea88d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.488ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha }"></span> glukosa molekulez osatua. <a href="/wiki/Landare_zelula" title="Landare zelula">Landare-zelularen</a> energia-biltegia da, eta ugaria da oinarrizko elikagai diren <a href="/wiki/Gari" title="Gari">garia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arroz" title="Arroz">arroza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arto" title="Arto">artoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Patata" title="Patata">patatan</a>. </p><p>Almidoi purua hauts zuri zaporegabea eta usaingabea da, eta ez da disolbatzen ur hotzetan edo alkoholetan. Bi molekula mota ditu: <a href="/wiki/Amilosa" title="Amilosa">amilosa</a> lineala eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helikoidal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helikoidal (sortu gabe)">helikoidala</a> dena, eta <a href="/wiki/Amilopektina" title="Amilopektina">amilopektina</a> adarkatua dena. Landarearen arabera, almidoiaren pisuaren % 20-25 amilosa da, eta % 75-80 amilopektina. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Glukogeno" title="Glukogeno">Glukogenoa,</a> animalien energia-erreserba, amilopektinaren bertsio adarkatuago bat da. </p><p>Industria-mailan <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanola</a> ekoizteko, almidoia azukre bihurtu eta <a href="/wiki/Hartzidura" title="Hartzidura">hartzitu</a> egiten da, <a href="/wiki/Garagardo" title="Garagardo">garagardoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whiski" title="Whiski">whiskia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bioerregai" title="Bioerregai">bioerregaiak</a> ekoizteko. Almidoi gehienak substantziak loditzeko edo gogortzeko, edota objektuak itsasteko erabil daitezke, ur beroarekin nahastuz gero. Hori dela eta, almidoia itsasgarri gisa erabiltzen da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papergintza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papergintza (sortu gabe)">papergintzan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia_eta_historia">Etimologia eta historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etimologia eta historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia eta historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almidoi hitza <a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieratik</a> heldu zen euskarara, arabierako hiztunek "<i>al amidum</i>" izendatzen baitzuten. Haiek <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinetik</a> hartua zuten (<i>"amidum"</i>) eta erromatarrek aldiz <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">grezieratik</a> mailegatu zuten hitza.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grekeran "<i>amylon</i>" (<i>ἄμυλον</i>) baliatzen zen, <i>myle</i> hitza (<a href="/wiki/Zaparri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaparri">zaparri</a>) eta <i>a-</i> aurrizkia (gabe) elkartuz sortua.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Izan ere, almidoia lortzeko haziak uretan beratzen ziren, irina lortzeko zapaldu beharrik gabe. Almidoiaren eratorriak diren <a href="/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono">5-karbonoko</a> zenbait konposatu izendatzeko, <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">grekotik</a> datorren "amylon" terminoa erabiltzen da oraindik ere (amidak, esaterako). <a href="/wiki/Euskara" title="Euskara">Euskaraz</a>, gainera, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Euskal_Herria" title="Ipar Euskal Herria">Iparraldean</a>, <b>amirun</b> deitzen zaio.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ingelesaren kasuan, jatorria Stärke termino <a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">germaniarra</a> da,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta esanahi hauek ditu: “gogorra, zurruna, indartua”. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lezka" title="Lezka">Typha-ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Errizoma" title="Errizoma">errizomen</a> almidoi-aleak (isatsak, dorretxoak) identifikatu dira duela 30.000 urteko Europan<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Errotarri" title="Errotarri">ehotze</a>-harrietatik abiatuta. <a href="/wiki/Basarto" title="Basarto">Basartoko</a> almidoi-pikorrak duela 100.000 urteko <a href="/wiki/Ngaliema" title="Ngaliema">Ngalueko</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mozambike" title="Mozambike">Mozambike</a>) kobazuloetako ehotze-harrietan aurkitu dira.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gari puruzko almidoi-pasta <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Egipto" title="Antzinako Egipto">Antzinako Egipton</a> erabiltzen zen, seguruenik <a href="/wiki/Papiro" title="Papiro">papiroa</a> itsasteko.<sup id="cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almidoiaren erauzketa lehen aldiz deskribatu zen Plinio Zaharraren <a href="/wiki/Historia_natural" title="Historia natural"><i>Natural History</i></a> lanean, 77–79 urte-tartean.<sup id="cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erromatarrek krema <a href="/wiki/Kosmetiko" title="Kosmetiko">kosmetikoetan</a> ere erabiltzen zuten almidoia, ilea hautseztatzeko eta saltsak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loditzeko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loditzeko (sortu gabe)">loditzeko</a>. Arroz-almidoia Txinako paperaren ekoizpenean erabiltzen zen 700. urteaz geroztik.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landareen_energia_biltegia">Landareen energia biltegia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Landareen energia biltegia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Landareen energia biltegia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landare berde gehienek almidoi gisa gordetzen dute energia, eta erdi kristal diren pikorretan biltzen da<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Glukosa estra almidoi bihurtzen da, landareek sortzen duten glukosa baino konplexuagoa dena. Landare gazteak beren sustraietan, hazietan eta fruituetan gordetako energia horretatik bizi dira hazteko lur egokia aurkitu arte<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">asterazeoen</a> familia salbuespena da (asterrak, bitxiloreak eta ekiloreak), non almidoia <a href="/wiki/Inulina" title="Inulina">inulina</a> frutadunez aldatzen den. Inulinaren antzeko fruktanoak ere badaude garia, tipulak, baratxuriak, bananak eta zainzuriak bezalako grasetan. </p><p>Fotosintesian, landareek energia arina erabiltzen dute karbono dioxidotik glukosa sortzeko. Glukosa metabolismo orokorrerako behar den energia kimikoa sortzeko erabiltzen da, azido nukleikoak, lipidoak, proteinak eta zelulosa bezalako egiturazko polisakaridoak bezalako konposatu organikoak egiteko, edo almidoi-pikor forman biltegiratzen da amiloplastoetan. Hazten ari den urtaroaren amaieran, almidoia pilatzen da kimu ondoko zuhaitz-adarretan. Frutek, haziek, errizomek eta tuberkuluek almidoia gordetzen dute hurrengo hazkunderako prestatzeko. </p><p>Alga berdeek eta lehorreko landareek <a href="/wiki/Plastidio" title="Plastidio">plastidioetan</a> gordetzen dute almidoia, eta <a href="/wiki/Zitosol" title="Zitosol">zitosol</a> edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periplasto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periplasto (sortu gabe)">periplastoan</a> biltzen dute <a href="/wiki/Alga_gorri" title="Alga gorri">alga gorriak</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaukofito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glaukofito (sortu gabe)">glaukofito</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriptofita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriptofita (sortu gabe)">kriptofita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinoflagelatu" title="Dinoflagelatu">dinoflagelatuak</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicomplexa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apicomplexa (sortu gabe)">apicomplexa</a> parasitikoak floridear almidoia deritzon antzeko <a href="/wiki/Polisakarido" title="Polisakarido">polisakarido</a> mota bat<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">Glukosa</a> disolbagarria da uretan, <a href="/wiki/Hidrofilo" title="Hidrofilo">hidrofilikoa</a>, urarekin lotzen da, eta, gero, espazio asko hartzen du, eta, <a href="/wiki/Osmosi" title="Osmosi">osmotikoki</a>, aktiboa da; glukosa almidoi forman, aldiz, ez da disolbagarria, eta, beraz, osmotikoki inaktiboa da, eta askoz trinkoago gorde daiteke. Pikor erdi zirkularrak, oro har, <a href="/wiki/Amigdalina" title="Amigdalina">amigdalina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Amilopektina" title="Amilopektina">amilopektinazko</a> geruza kontzentrikoak izaten dira, landarearen zelula-eskariaren gainean bioeskuragarri jar daitezkeenak<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Glukosa-molekulak almidoian lotzen dira <a href="/wiki/Alfa" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Alfa">alfa</a> hidrolizatuaren bidez. Animalia-erreserban <a href="/wiki/Glukogeno" title="Glukogeno">glukogeno</a> <a href="/wiki/Polisakarido" title="Polisakarido">polisakarido</a> lotura mota bera dago. Hori ez dator bat egiturazko polisakarido askorekin, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Kitina" title="Kitina">kitina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zelulosa" title="Zelulosa">zelulosa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Peptidoglikano" title="Peptidoglikano">peptidoglikanoarekin</a>, beta loturen bidez lotuta daudenak eta <a href="/wiki/Hidrolisi" title="Hidrolisi">hidrolisiari</a> askoz ere erresistenteagoak direnak<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propietateak">Propietateak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Propietateak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Propietateak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egitura">Egitura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Egitura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Egitura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Amylose2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Amylose2.svg/252px-Amylose2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="252" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Amylose2.svg/378px-Amylose2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Amylose2.svg/504px-Amylose2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="188" /></a><figcaption>Amilosa molekularen egitura</figcaption></figure> <p>Almidoiaren formula (C6H10O5)n da, n aldakorra izanik (<100.000) <a href="/wiki/Pisu_molekular" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisu molekular">pisu molekularra</a> ere aldakorra da eta, gehienetan, oso handia (zenbait milioi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalton (sortu gabe)">dalton</a>). </p><p>Almidoia bi <a href="/wiki/Polimero" title="Polimero">polimeroren</a> nahasketaz osatuta dago: amilosa eta amilopektina. </p> <ul><li>Amilosak kate lineal luzea eratzen du, ez adarkatua, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b79333175c8b3f0840bfb4ec41b8072c83ea88d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.488ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha }"></span> glukosaz osatua.</li></ul> <ul><li>Amilopektinaren kateak, berriz, adarkadura asko ditu, hots, ez da lineala.</li></ul> <p>Almidoi gehienetan amilosaren proportzioa % 25 ingurukoa da, eta amilopektinarena % 75ekoa. </p><p>Amilosak adarkatzerik ez zuela uste bazen ere, orain jakina da molekula batzuek adarkatze-puntu batzuk badituztela. Amilosa amilopektina baino askoz molekula txikiagoa da. Landareetan metatutako almidoi-masaren laurdena, gutxi gorabehera, amilosa da, nahiz eta amilosa molekulen kopurua amilopektinaren molekulen baino 150 aldiz handiagoa den . </p><p>Landareen barruan metatutako almidoia pikor erdikristalinoetan gordetzen da. Landare-espezie bakoitzak almidoi-pikor tamaina bakarra du: arroz-almidoia nahiko txikia da (2 <a href="/wiki/Mikrometro_(unitatea)" title="Mikrometro (unitatea)">μm</a> ingurukoa), eta, patata-fekulek pikor handiagoak dituzte (100 μm artekoak).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrolisia">Hidrolisia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hidrolisia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Hidrolisia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almidoia deskonposatu edo azukre eratzaileetan <a href="/wiki/Hidrolisi" title="Hidrolisi">hidrolizatzen</a> duten <a href="/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima">entzimei</a> amilasa deritze. </p><p>Landare eta animalietan amilasak daude. Giza <a href="/wiki/Listu" title="Listu">listuak</a> ere amilasa ugari du, eta <a href="/wiki/Pankrea" title="Pankrea">pankreak</a> ere jariatzen du entzima hori. Almidoi ugariko dieta duten populazioetako indibiduoek amilasa-gene gehiago izaten dituzte almidoi gutxiko dietak dituztenek baino.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amilasak almidoia <a href="/wiki/Maltosa" title="Maltosa">maltosazko</a> unitateetan mozten du. Prozesu hori garrantzitsua da almidoiaren digestiorako, eta <a href="/wiki/Garagardogintza" title="Garagardogintza">garagardogintzan</a> ere erabiltzen da, non hazi-aleen azaleko amilasak almidoia maltosa bihurtzea eragiten duen. </p><p>Hidrolisi erreakzioak 30 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule">kJ</a> (7,2 <a href="/wiki/Kilokaloria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilokaloria">kcal</a>) askatzen ditu mol bakoitzeko, edo 166 J (40 cal) glukosa <a href="/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo">gramo</a> bakoitzeko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Test_kimikoak">Test kimikoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Test kimikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Test kimikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Potassium_iodide_starch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Potassium_iodide_starch.jpg/220px-Potassium_iodide_starch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Potassium_iodide_starch.jpg/330px-Potassium_iodide_starch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Potassium_iodide_starch.jpg/440px-Potassium_iodide_starch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Triiodurozko soluzioak</figcaption></figure> <p>Almidoiaren presentzia determinatzeko, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triioduro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triioduro (sortu gabe)">triiodurozko</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {I3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>I</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {I3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c8d81e1f32a88ca08be8aefa6012f41e1f1bb751" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:1.894ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {I3}}}"></span>) soluzio bat erabiltzen da, <a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo">iodoz</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio">potasio</a> <a href="/wiki/Ioduro" title="Ioduro">ioduroz</a> osatuta dagoena; kolore urdin ilunak almidoiaren presentzia erakusten du.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kolore urdinaren indarra dagoen amilosa kantitatearen araberakoa da. Amilosa gutxi edo batere ez duten almidoi disoluzioek kolore gorria dute. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_eta_Fehling_testak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benedict eta Fehling testak (sortu gabe)">Benedict eta Fehling testak</a> ere almidoiaren presentzia determinatzeko egiten dira. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi_adierazle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almidoi adierazle (sortu gabe)">Almidoi-adierazle</a> den ura almidoiaren eta ioduroaren nahastearen <a href="/wiki/Erredox_erreakzio" title="Erredox erreakzio">erredox</a> erreakzioetan erabiltzen da maiz: <a href="/wiki/Oxidatzaile" title="Oxidatzaile">agente oxidatzaile</a> baten aurrean disoluzioa urdin jartzen da, eta <a href="/wiki/Erredukzio" class="mw-redirect" title="Erredukzio">erreduzitzaile</a> baten aurrean, aldiz, kolore urdina desagertu egiten da, triioduro ioiak (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {I3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>I</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {I3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c8d81e1f32a88ca08be8aefa6012f41e1f1bb751" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:1.894ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {I3}}}"></span>) hiru iodurotan banatu eta, almidoi-iodo konplexua apurtu egiten baita.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funtzioa">Funtzioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Funtzioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Funtzioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almidoia landarearen energia-erreserba da, eta almidoiaren erabateko hidrolisiak <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a> ematen duenez, <a href="/wiki/Fotosintesi" title="Fotosintesi">fotosintesian</a> sortzen den glukosa gehiena almidoi moduan gordetzen dute landareek.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fotosintesian, landareek argi-energia erabiltzen dute <a href="/wiki/Karbono_dioxido" title="Karbono dioxido">karbono dioxidotik</a> glukosa sortzeko. Glukosa hori, <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">metabolismo orokorrerako</a> behar den energia kimikoa sortzeko, eta konposatu kimikoak fabrikatzeko erabiltzen da, hala nola, <a href="/wiki/Azido_nukleiko" title="Azido nukleiko">azido nukleikoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipido" title="Lipido">lipidoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proteina" title="Proteina">proteinak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zelulosa" title="Zelulosa">zelulosa</a>. </p><p>Landareak glukosaren beharra ez badu, almidoi-pikor gisa biltegiratzen da <a href="/wiki/Amiloplasto" title="Amiloplasto">amiloplastoetan</a>. Landare gazteek, haziera-etaparen amaieran, almidoia <a href="/wiki/Sustrai" title="Sustrai">sustraietan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazi" title="Hazi">hazietan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Fruitu" title="Fruitu">fruituetan</a> metatu, eta bildutako energia bizirauteko erabiltzen dute. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industria_mailako_ekoizpena">Industria mailako ekoizpena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Industria mailako ekoizpena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Industria mailako ekoizpena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almidoiaren industriak hazi, sustrai eta <a href="/wiki/Tuberkulu" title="Tuberkulu">tuberkuluen</a> almidoiak atera eta birfintzen ditu, ehotze hezearen, garbiketaren, kolorazioaren eta lehorketaren bidez. Gaur egun, almidoi komertzial findu nagusiak arto-fekula, <a href="/wiki/Tapioka" title="Tapioka">tapioka</a>, eta gari, arroz eta patata-almidoiak<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dira. Orain arte, 50 landare mota baino gehiagotatik ateratzen da almidoia. </p><p>Elikagaiak prozesatzeko gehigarri gisa, elikagaien almidoiak lodigarri eta egonkortzaile gisa erabili ohi dira <a href="/wiki/Zopa" title="Zopa">zopak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saltsa" title="Saltsa">saltsak,</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ziriol" title="Ziriol">fideoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Pasta_(orea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasta (orea)">pastak</a> egiteko. Lodigarri, hedatzaile eta emultsio-egonkortzaile gisa funtzionatzen dute, eta <a href="/wiki/Haragi" title="Haragi">haragi</a> prozesatuetarako aglomeratzaile bikainak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elikagaiak">Elikagaiak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Elikagaiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Elikagaiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almidoia karbohidrato arruntena da giza dietan, eta oinarrizko elikagai askotan dago. Mundu osoan almidoi-iturri nagusiak dira arroza, garia eta artoa bezalako <a href="/wiki/Zereal" title="Zereal">zerealak</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Sustrai_jangarri" title="Sustrai jangarri">sustrai-barazkiak</a>, hala nola, patata edo <a href="/wiki/Juka" title="Juka">juka</a><sup id="cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Almidoidun beste elikagai asko landatzen dira, batzuk <a href="/wiki/Klima" title="Klima">klima</a> berezietan bakarrik, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Ezkur" title="Ezkur">ezkurrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">platanoak</a>, garagarra, <a href="/wiki/Osoko_ogi" title="Osoko ogi">ogi integrala</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Gaztaina" title="Gaztaina">gaztainak</a>. </p><p>Gaur egungo dietetan, oso prozesatutako elikagaiak errazago digeritzen dira eta glukosa gehiago askatzen dute <a href="/wiki/Heste_mehar" title="Heste mehar">heste meharrean</a>: almidoi gutxiago iristen da <a href="/wiki/Heste_lodi" title="Heste lodi">heste lodira,</a> eta energia gehiago xurgatzen du gorputzak. Elikagai prozesatu gehiago jatearen ondorioz gertatzen den energia-entregaren aldaketa hori <a href="/wiki/Obesitate" title="Obesitate">obesitatea</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetea</a> garatzen laguntzen duten faktoreetako bat izan daitekeela uste da.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Farmazia">Farmazia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Farmazia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Farmazia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Farmazia-industrian, almidoia <a href="/wiki/Eszipiente" title="Eszipiente">eszipiente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilula" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilula">pilula</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Aglutinatzaile_(pintura)" title="Aglutinatzaile (pintura)">aglutinatzaile</a> gisa ere erabiltzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erabilerak">Erabilerak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erabilerak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Erabilerak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papergintza">Papergintza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Papergintza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Papergintza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elikagaien esparrutik kanpo, almidoia papergintzan erabiltzen da batez ere.<sup id="cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kopia-paperezko orri tipiko baten almidoi-edukia % 8ra irits daiteke. Estalitako papera almidoiari esker leunagoa, gogorragoa, zuriagoa eta distiratsuagoa da, eta inprimaketaren ezaugarriak hobetzen ditu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arropak">Arropak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arropak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Arropak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arropa-almidoia landare-almidoia urarekin nahastuz prestatutako likidoa da eta arropa garbitzeko erabiltzen da. Almidoia asko erabili zen Europan XVI. eta XVII. mendeetan, egindako arropen lepoak eta lepo meheak gogortzeko. </p><p>XIX. mendean eta XX. mendearen hasieran, gizonen alkandoretako <a href="/wiki/Mahuka" title="Mahuka">mahukak</a> gogortzeko erabiltzen zen, baita emakumeen <a href="/wiki/Gona" title="Gona">gonak</a> gogortzeko ere, arropa garbia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisatu (sortu gabe)">lisatu</a> baino lehen. Almidoiak beste helburu praktiko bat ere bazuen garbiketan, arroparen zikinkeria eta izerdia almidoiari itsasten baitzaizkio. Hortaz, zikinkeria almidoiarekin batera garbitzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBrown2005">Brown, William Henry.  (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57452895"><i>Introduction to organic chemistry.. </i></a> (3rd ed.. argitaraldia) Wiley <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-471-44451-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-471-44451-0">0-471-44451-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=57452895">57452895</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etimologias.dechile.net/?almido.n">«ALMIDÓN»</a> <i>Etimologías de Chile - Diccionario que explica el origen de las palabras</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-01)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lalanguefrancaise.com/dictionnaire/definition/amidon">«Définition de amidon | Dictionnaire français»</a> <i>La langue française</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-01)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nolaerran.org/?h=amidon&z=lit">«amidon»</a> <i>Nola Erran</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-03-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLesley.1994">Lesley., Brown,.  (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/783979379"><i>The new shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles. </i></a> Clarendon Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-19-861271-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-19-861271-0">0-19-861271-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=783979379">783979379</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRevedinArangurenBecattiniLongo2010-11-02">Revedin, Anna; Aranguren, Biancamaria; Becattini, Roberto; Longo, Laura; Marconi, Emanuele; Lippi, Marta Mariotti; Skakun, Natalia; Sinitsyn, Andrey <i>et al</i>..  (2010-11-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1006993107">«Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing»</a> <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> 107 (44): 18815–18819.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1006993107">10.1073/pnas.1006993107</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20956317">20956317</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC2973873">PMC2973873</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/6834609/Porridge-was-eaten-100000-years-ago.html">«Porridge was eaten 100,000 years ago»</a> <i>www.telegraph.co.uk</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-1-8">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-1_8-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-1_8-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pliny_the_Elder&oldid=1114410353"><i>Pliny the Elder. </i></a> 2022-10-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHunter1978">Hunter, Dard.  (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4077165"><i>Papermaking : the history and technique of an ancient craft. </i></a> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-486-23619-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-486-23619-6">0-486-23619-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4077165">4077165</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Alemanez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Alemanez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFZobel1988">Zobel, H. F..  (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/star.19880400203">«Molecules to Granules: A Comprehensive Starch Review»</a> <i>Starch - Stärke</i> 40 (2): 44–50.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fstar.19880400203">10.1002/star.19880400203</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-02-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBaileyLong1916">Bailey, E. H. S.; Long, W. S..  (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3624346">«On the Occurrence of Starch in Green Fruits»</a> <i>Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-)</i> 28: 153–155.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F3624346">10.2307/3624346</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0022-8443">0022-8443</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-02-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDauvilléeDeschampsRalPlancke2009-12-15">Dauvillée, David; Deschamps, Philippe; Ral, Jean-Philippe; Plancke, Charlotte; Putaux, Jean-Luc; Devassine, Jimi; Durand-Terrasson, Amandine; Devin, Aline <i>et al</i>..  (2009-12-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19940244/">«Genetic dissection of floridean starch synthesis in the cytosol of the model dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii»</a> <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i> 106 (50): 21126–21130.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0907424106">10.1073/pnas.0907424106</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490">1091-6490</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940244">19940244</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2795531">2795531</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-02-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBlennowEngelsen2010-04-01">Blennow, Andreas; Engelsen, Søren B..  (2010-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cell.com/trends/plant-science/abstract/S1360-1385(10)00021-X">«Helix-breaking news: fighting crystalline starch energy deposits in the cell»</a> <i>Trends in Plant Science</i> 15 (4): 236–240.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tplants.2010.01.009">10.1016/j.tplants.2010.01.009</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1360-1385">1360-1385</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20149714">20149714</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-02-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFZeemanKossmannSmith2010-06-02">Zeeman, Samuel C.; Kossmann, Jens; Smith, Alison M..  (2010-06-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112301">«Starch: Its Metabolism, Evolution, and Biotechnological Modification in Plants»</a> <i>Annual Review of Plant Biology</i> 61 (1): 209–234.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-arplant-042809-112301">10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112301</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1543-5008">1543-5008</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-02-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLINEBACK1986">LINEBACK, David R..  (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5458/jag1972.33.80">«Current concepts of starch structure and its impact on properties.»</a> <i>Journal of the Japanese Society of Starch Science</i> 33 (1): 80–88.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5458%2Fjag1972.33.80">10.5458/jag1972.33.80</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1884-488X">1884-488X</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPerryDominyClawLee2007-09-09">Perry, George H; Dominy, Nathaniel J; Claw, Katrina G; Lee, Arthur S; Fiegler, Heike; Redon, Richard; Werner, John; Villanea, Fernando A <i>et al</i>..  (2007-09-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377015">«Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation»</a> <i>Nature Genetics</i> 39 (10): 1256–1260.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fng2123">10.1038/ng2123</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1061-4036">1061-4036</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMadhuEvansDoan‐NguyenLabram2016-07-04">Madhu, Sheri; Evans, Hayden A.; Doan‐Nguyen, Vicky V. 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(2016-07-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.201601585">«Infinite Polyiodide Chains in the Pyrroloperylene–Iodine Complex: Insights into the Starch–Iodine and Perylene–Iodine Complexes»</a> <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i> 55 (28): 8032–8035.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.201601585">10.1002/anie.201601585</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1433-7851">1433-7851</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studia.ubbcluj.ro/arhiva/abstract_en.php?editie=CHEMIA&nr=2&an=2015&id_art=13422">«STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS - Abstract»</a> <i>www.studia.ubbcluj.ro</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Alemanez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Alemanez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFZobel1988">Zobel, H. F..  (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/star.19880400203">«Molecules to Granules: A Comprehensive Starch Review»</a> <i>Starch - Stärke</i> 40 (2): 44–50.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fstar.19880400203">10.1002/star.19880400203</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDauvilléeDeschampsRalPlancke2009-12-15">Dauvillée, David; Deschamps, Philippe; Ral, Jean-Philippe; Plancke, Charlotte; Putaux, Jean-Luc; Devassine, Jimi; Durand-Terrasson, Amandine; Devin, Aline <i>et al</i>..  (2009-12-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19940244/">«Genetic dissection of floridean starch synthesis in the cytosol of the model dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii»</a> <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i> 106 (50): 21126–21130.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0907424106">10.1073/pnas.0907424106</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490">1091-6490</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940244">19940244</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2795531">2795531</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/arrowroot">«Arrowroot recipes»</a> <i>BBC Food</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-2-22">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-2_22-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Zl-2_22-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/560138252"><i>Starch in food : structure, function and applications. </i></a> Woodhead Pub 2004 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/1-85573-909-7" title="Berezi:BookSources/1-85573-909-7">1-85573-909-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=560138252">560138252</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWalterLey2011-06-01">Walter, Jens; Ley, Ruth.  (2011-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/foodsciefacpub/369">«The Human Gut Microbiome: Ecology and Recent Evolutionary Changes»</a> <i>Faculty Publications in Food Science and Technology</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidoi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41534" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q41534">Q41534</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Starch">Starch</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q41534%22">Q41534</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12048827f">12048827f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12048827f">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4182793-4">4182793-4</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85127386">sh85127386</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph335377">ph335377</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300012959">300012959</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/starch">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013213">D013213</a></span></li> <li><b>Kimikako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_erregistro_zenbakia" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS erregistro zenbakia">CAS erregistro zenbakia</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=9005-25-8">9005-25-8</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/RTECS" class="mw-redirect" title="RTECS">RTECS</a>:</span> <span class="uid">GM5090000</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEBI (sortu gabe)">ChEBI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28017">28017</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unique_Ingredient_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier (sortu gabe)">UNII</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/24SC3U704I">24SC3U704I</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KEGG (sortu gabe)">KEGG</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C00369">C00369</a></span></li> <li><b>Biologiako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouse_Genome_Informatics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouse Genome Informatics (sortu gabe)">MGI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=9005-25-8">9005-25-8</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41534" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q41534">Q41534</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Starch">Starch</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q41534%22">Q41534</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse" style="clear: both; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 0; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; color: #111; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 0;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100%" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: #FFE4B5"><a href="/wiki/Karbono_hidrato" title="Karbono hidrato">Karbono hidratoak</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0.5em 1em; background:white"> <div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><center><a href="/wiki/Monosakarido" title="Monosakarido">Monosakaridoak</a></center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Diosa" title="Diosa">Diosak</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Aldosak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Glikolaldehido" title="Glikolaldehido">Glikolaldehidoa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Triosa" title="Triosa">Triosak</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Aldosak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Glizeraldehido" title="Glizeraldehido">Glizeraldehidoa</a><br /><b>Zetosak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Dihidroxiazetona" title="Dihidroxiazetona">Dihidroxiazetona</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Tetrosa" title="Tetrosa">Tetrosak</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Aldosak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Eritrosa" title="Eritrosa">Eritrosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Treosa" title="Treosa">Treosa</a><br /><b>Zetosak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Eritrulosa" title="Eritrulosa">Eritrulosa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Pentosa" title="Pentosa">Pentosak</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Aldosak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Arabinosa" title="Arabinosa">Arabinosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erribosa" title="Erribosa">Erribosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lixosa" title="Lixosa">Lixosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xilosa" title="Xilosa">Xilosa</a><br /><b>Zetosak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Erribulosa" title="Erribulosa">Erribulosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xilulosa" title="Xilulosa">Xilulosa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Hexosa" title="Hexosa">Hexosak</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Aldosak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Alosa_(monosakaridoa)" title="Alosa (monosakaridoa)">Alosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Altrosa" title="Altrosa">Altrosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Galaktosa" title="Galaktosa">Galaktosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">Glukosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gulosa" title="Gulosa">Gulosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Idosa" title="Idosa">Idosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manosa" title="Manosa">Manosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Talosa" title="Talosa">Talosa</a><br /><b>Zetosak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">Fruktosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Psikosa" title="Psikosa">Psikosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sorbosa" title="Sorbosa">Sorbosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tagatosa" title="Tagatosa">Tagatosa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Heptosa" title="Heptosa">Heptosak</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Zetosak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Manoheptulosa" title="Manoheptulosa">Manoheptulosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sedoheptulosa" title="Sedoheptulosa">Sedoheptulosa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center>Deribatuak</center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center>Desoxiazukreak</center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Desoxirribosa" title="Desoxirribosa">Desoxirribosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ramnosa" title="Ramnosa">Ramnosa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center>Aminoazukreak</center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Galaktosamina" title="Galaktosamina">Galaktosamina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glukosamina" title="Glukosamina">Glukosamina</a> • <a href="/wiki/N-Azetilgalaktosamina" title="N-Azetilgalaktosamina">N-Azetilgalaktosamina</a> • <a href="/wiki/N-Azetilglukosamina" title="N-Azetilglukosamina">N-Azetilglukosamina</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center>Azukre azidoak</center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Azido_galakturoniko" title="Azido galakturoniko">Azido galakturonikoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Azido_glukoniko" title="Azido glukoniko">Azido glukonikoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Azido_glukuroniko" title="Azido glukuroniko">Azido glukuronikoa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center>Azukre alkoholikoak</center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arabitol" title="Arabitol">Arabitola</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glizerol" class="mw-redirect" title="Glizerol">Glizerola</a> • <a href="/wiki/Inositol" title="Inositol">Inositola</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manitol" title="Manitol">Manitola</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sorbitol" title="Sorbitol">Sorbitola</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><center><a href="/wiki/Oligosakarido" title="Oligosakarido">Oligosakaridoak</a></center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Disakarido" title="Disakarido">Disakaridoak</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Isomaltosa" title="Isomaltosa">Isomaltosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kitobiosa" title="Kitobiosa">Kitobiosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laktosa" title="Laktosa">Laktosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laktulosa" title="Laktulosa">Laktulosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maltosa" title="Maltosa">Maltosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sakarosa" title="Sakarosa">Sakarosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Trehalosa" title="Trehalosa">Trehalosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turanosa" title="Turanosa">Turanosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zelobiosa" title="Zelobiosa">Zelobiosa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Trisakarido" title="Trisakarido">Trisakaridoak</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Errafinosa" title="Errafinosa">Errafinosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maltotriosa" title="Maltotriosa">Maltotriosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Melezitosa" title="Melezitosa">Melezitosa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center>Gainerakoak</center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Destrina" title="Destrina">Destrina</a> (+ <a href="/wiki/Maltodestrina" title="Maltodestrina">Maltodestrina</a>+ <a href="/wiki/Ziklodestrina" title="Ziklodestrina">Ziklodestrina</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Estakiosa" title="Estakiosa">Estakiosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fruktooligosakarido" title="Fruktooligosakarido">Fruktooligosakaridoak</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><center><a href="/wiki/Polisakarido" title="Polisakarido">Polisakaridoak</a></center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Homopolisakarido" title="Homopolisakarido">Homopolisakaridoak</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Almidoia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amilosa" title="Amilosa">Amilosa</a> + <a href="/wiki/Amilopektina" title="Amilopektina">Amilopektina</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Glukogeno" title="Glukogeno">Glukogenoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kitina" title="Kitina">Kitina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kitosano" title="Kitosano">Kitosanoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zelulosa" title="Zelulosa">Zelulosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Inulina" title="Inulina">Inulina</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Polisakarido" title="Polisakarido">Heteropolisakaridoak</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Agar-agar" title="Agar-agar">Agar-agarra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Azido_hialuroniko" title="Azido hialuroniko">Azido hialuronikoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glikosaminglukano" title="Glikosaminglukano">Glikosaminglukanoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hemizelulosa" title="Hemizelulosa">Hemizelulosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heparina" title="Heparina">Heparina</a> • <a 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