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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sonar rootpage-Sonar skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Sonar" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Sonar" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Sonar" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Sonar" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Errendimendu_faktoreak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Errendimendu_faktoreak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Errendimendu faktoreak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Errendimendu_faktoreak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Errendimendu faktoreak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Errendimendu_faktoreak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soinuaren_propagazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soinuaren_propagazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Soinuaren propagazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soinuaren_propagazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sonar_aktiboa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sonar_aktiboa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sonar aktiboa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sonar_aktiboa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sonar_pasiboa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sonar_pasiboa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sonar pasiboa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sonar_pasiboa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Sonar pasiboa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sonar_pasiboa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soinu_iturrien_identifikazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soinu_iturrien_identifikazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Soinu iturrien identifikazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soinu_iturrien_identifikazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sonar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 78 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سونار – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سونار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سونار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سونار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сонар – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сонар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%83%E1%8F%B4%E1%8F%A8_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%A3%E1%8F%98%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎤᏃᏴᏨ ᎠᏣᏘᏍᎩ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏃᏴᏨ ᎠᏣᏘᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سۆنار – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سۆنار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сонар – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сонар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81" title="Σόναρ – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σόναρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonaro" title="Sonaro – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sonaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سونار – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سونار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaikuluotaus" title="Kaikuluotaus – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaikuluotaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son%C3%B3ir" title="Sonóir – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sonóir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E7%B4%8D" title="聲納 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="聲納" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0_(%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%95)" title="સોનાર (ટેકનીક) – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સોનાર (ટેકનીક)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8" title="סונאר – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סונאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95)" title="सोनार (तकनीक) – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सोनार (तकनीक)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sona" title="Sona – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sona" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szon%C3%A1r" title="Szonár – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szonár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BF" title="Էխոլոտ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էխոլոտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC" title="ソナー – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソナー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suonaar" title="Suonaar – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Suonaar" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гидролокация – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гидролокация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸೋನಾರ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೋನಾರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%82%98" title="소나 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Гидролокатор – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гидролокатор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echometrum" title="Echometrum – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Echometrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonaras" title="Sonaras – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sonaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrolokators" title="Hidrolokators – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hidrolokators" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сонар – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сонар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="സോണാർ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സോണാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC" title="ဆိုနာ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆိုနာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸੋਨਾਰ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੋਨਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Гидролокатор – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гидролокатор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonari" title="Sonari – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sonari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сонар – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сонар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="ஒலிச் செலுத்துவழி மற்றும் வீச்சளவு – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒலிச் செலுத்துவழி மற்றும் வீச்சளவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸೋನಾರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸೋನಾರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="โซนาร์ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โซนาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Гідролокатор – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гідролокатор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سونار – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سونار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exolot" title="Exolot – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Exolot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E7%BA%B3" title="声纳 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="声纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%91%90" title="声呐 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="声呐" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sonar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E7%B4%8D" title="聲納 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聲納" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133220#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Sonar" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sonar"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sonar"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Sonar" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Sonar" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&oldid=9541608" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Sonar&id=9541608&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSonar"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSonar"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sonar"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sonar&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sonar" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" 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dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Sonar_Principle_EU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sonar_Principle_EU.svg/350px-Sonar_Principle_EU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sonar_Principle_EU.svg/525px-Sonar_Principle_EU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sonar_Principle_EU.svg/700px-Sonar_Principle_EU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Sonar baten eskema</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sonarra</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesezko</a> <i>SONAR</i>, <i><b>So</b>und <b>N</b>avigation <b>A</b>nd <b>R</b>anging</i> hitzen laburdura, <a href="/wiki/Euskara" title="Euskara">euskaraz</a> “soinu nabigazio eta oszilazioa”) itsaspekoak, minak eta ur azpiko bestelako objektuak detektatzeko tresna da, <a href="/wiki/Ultrasoinu" title="Ultrasoinu">soinu-uhinak</a> baliatzen dituena objektuak lokalizatu eta identifikatzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soinuaren urpeko hedapenaz baliatzen da ur azpiko objektuak detektatzeko. <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radarrak</a> bezala funtzionatzen du, baina irrati-uhinen ordez soinu-uhinak baliatzen ditu, soinu-uhinak oso ondo hedatzen baitira uretan. Ultrasoinu-sorgailu batek soinu-sorta bat igortzen du; zerbaitek (<a href="/wiki/Itsaspeko" title="Itsaspeko">itsaspeko</a> batek, arrain-sarda batek, itsas hondoak...) islatzen dituenean, uhinak sonarrera<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> itzultzen dira, eta igortze-unearen eta jasotze-unearen arteko denbora neurtuz jakin daiteke zer distantzia dagoen sonarraren eta objektuaren artean. Sonarrak orientazioa ere ematen duenez, objektuaren kokapen zehatza ematen du. </p><p>Sonarra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokapen_akustiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokapen akustiko (sortu gabe)">kokapen akustikorako</a> bitarteko gisa erabil daiteke, radarraren antzera funtzionatuz, <a href="/wiki/Uhin_elektromagnetiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Uhin elektromagnetiko">uhin elektromagnetikoak</a> igorri beharrean bulkada soinudunak erabiltzen baititu. Izan ere, kokapen akustikoa GPSa baino lehenago erabili zen airean, eta oraindik <a href="/wiki/Sodar" title="Sodar">SODAR</a> (sonar bidezko aireko miaketa bertikala) aplikagarria da ikerketa atmosferikorako. </p><p>«Sonar» terminoa izaera <a href="/wiki/Infrasoinuak" title="Infrasoinuak">infrasonoroko</a> soinua sortzeko eta jasotzeko erabilitako ekipoa aipatzeko ere erabiltzen da. Sonar sistemetan erabiltzen diren maiztasunak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intrasoniko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intrasoniko (sortu gabe)">intrasonikoetatik</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrasoniko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrasoniko (sortu gabe)">extrasonikoetara</a> (20 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a> eta 20.000 Hz artean) doaz, giza belarriaren gaitasuna. Hala ere, kasu honetan <a href="/wiki/Hidrofono" title="Hidrofono">hidrofono</a> bat aipatu beharko litzateke eta ez sonar bat. Sonarrak bi gaitasun ditu: hidrofono edo sonar gisa erabil daiteke. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Errendimendu_faktoreak">Errendimendu faktoreak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Errendimendu faktoreak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Errendimendu faktoreak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sonar baten detekzioa, sailkapena eta kokapena errendimendua ingurunearen eta ekipo hartzailearen mende dago, baita sonar aktibo baten emisio-ekipoaren edo sonar pasibo batean objektiboak erradiatutako zarataren mende ere. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" style="width:250px;" data-durationhint="4" data-mwtitle="Sonar_pings.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:Sonar_pings.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Sonar_pings.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/Sonar_pings.ogg/Sonar_pings.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Sonar baten oihartzuna</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soinuaren_propagazioa">Soinuaren propagazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Soinuaren propagazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Soinuaren propagazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soinuaren abiaduraren aldaketek eragiten diote sonarraren funtzionamenduari, batez ere plano bertikalean. Soinuak motelago bidaiatzen du ur gezan ur gazian baino, eta elastikotasun-moduluaren eta masa-dentsitatearen arabera aldatzen da. Elastikotasun-modulua sentikorra da tenperaturarekiko, disolbatutako ezpurutasun-kontzentrazioarekiko (normalean gazitasuna) eta presioarekiko, eta dentsitatearen eragina txikiagoa da. Mackenzieren <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>arabera, itsasoko uretan c (m/s) soinuaren abiadura honako hau da, gutxi gorabehera: </p><p><small><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c=1448.96+4.591T-5.304\cdot 10^{-2}T^{2}+2.374\cdot 10^{-4.2}T^{3}+1.340(S-35)+1.630\cdot 10^{-2}D+1.675\cdot 10^{-7}D^{2}-1.025\cdot 10^{-2}T(S-35)-7.139\cdot 10^{-13}TD^{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1448.96</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4.591</mn> <mi>T</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5.304</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2.374</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>4.2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.340</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>35</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.630</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>D</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.675</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1.025</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>35</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>7.139</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>T</mi> <msup> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c=1448.96+4.591T-5.304\cdot 10^{-2}T^{2}+2.374\cdot 10^{-4.2}T^{3}+1.340(S-35)+1.630\cdot 10^{-2}D+1.675\cdot 10^{-7}D^{2}-1.025\cdot 10^{-2}T(S-35)-7.139\cdot 10^{-13}TD^{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c622e247330ec3ed3c55545f253bb812ed1add9a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:152.232ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c=1448.96+4.591T-5.304\cdot 10^{-2}T^{2}+2.374\cdot 10^{-4.2}T^{3}+1.340(S-35)+1.630\cdot 10^{-2}D+1.675\cdot 10^{-7}D^{2}-1.025\cdot 10^{-2}T(S-35)-7.139\cdot 10^{-13}TD^{3}}"></span></small> </p><p>Non T tenperatura den (<a href="/wiki/Celsius_gradu" title="Celsius gradu">Celsius graduetan</a>, 2 eta 30ºC arteko balioetarako), S <a href="/wiki/Gazitasun" title="Gazitasun">gazitasuna</a> (milako zatitan, 25etik 40ra bitarteko balioetarako) eta D sakonera metrotan (0 eta 8000 m arteko balioetarako). Ekuazio enpiriko hau nahiko zehatza da adierazitako mailetarako. Ozeanoaren tenperatura aldatu egiten da sakonerarekin batera, baina 30 eta 100 m artean aldaketa nabarmena izaten da askotan, <a href="/wiki/Termoklina" title="Termoklina">termoklina</a> izenekoa. Horrek sonarraren eragina zaildu dezake, termoklinaren alde batean sortzen den soinuak kurbatzeko edo <a href="/wiki/Errefrakzio" title="Errefrakzio">errefraktatzeko</a> joera baitu hura gurutzatzean. Termoklina hain sakonak ez diren kostaldeko uretan egon daiteke, baina olatuen eraginak sarritan nahasten du ur-zutabea, eta kendu egiten du. Uraren presioak soinua hutsean hedatzeari ere eragiten dio, biskositatea presio handiagoetara handituz, eta, ondorioz, soinu-uhinek atzera egiten dute biskositate handieneko eremutik aldenduz. Errefrakzio-eredu matematikoari <a href="/wiki/Snellen_lege" title="Snellen lege">Snellen Legea</a> deritzo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sonar_aktiboa">Sonar aktiboa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sonar aktiboa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sonar aktiboa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sonar aktiboak soinu igorle bat eta hargailu bat erabiltzen ditu. Biak leku berean daudenean, funtzionamendu monoestatiko esaten zaio. Aldiz, igorlea eta hartzailea bereizita daudenean, funtzionamendu biestatiko deritzo. Igorle edo hargailu gehiago erabiltzen direnean, espazialki bereizita, funtzionamendu multiestatiko esaten zaio. Sonar ekipo gehienak monoestatikoak dira, eta matrize bera erabiltzen da igorpen eta harrerarako; hala ere, plataforma mugimenduan dagoenean, beharrezkoa izan daiteke antolaketa horrek biestatikoaz funtzionatzen duela pentsatzea. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonoboia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonoboia (sortu gabe)">Sonoboia</a> aktiboen eremuek multiestatikoki funtziona dezakete. </p><p>Sonar aktiboak soinu pultsu bat sortzen du, askotan «ping» deritzona, eta, orduan, horren <a href="/wiki/Islapen" title="Islapen">islapena</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oihartzun" title="Oihartzun">oihartzuna</a>) entzuten du. Soinu pultsu hori elektronikoki sortu ohi da, seinale sorgailu batek, potentzia anplifikadore batek eta transduktore edo matrize elektroakustiko batek (seguruenik sorta-konformadore batek) osatutako sonar proiektu bat erabiliz. Hala ere, beste bide batzuetatik sor daiteke, kimikoki adibidez, lehergailuak erabiliz, edo termikoki bero-iturrien bidez. Infrasoinuaren bidez ere sor daiteke. </p><p>Objektu batekiko distantzia kalkulatzeko, pultsua igortzen denetik oihartzuna jasotzen den arteko denbora neurtzen da eta soinuaren abiadura ezagutuz luzera bihurtzen da. <a href="/wiki/Norabide_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Norabide (argipena)">Norabidea</a> neurtzeko hainbat hidrofono erabiltzen dira, multzo osoa bakoitzari dagokion heltze-denbora neurtuz, edo hidrofono matrize bat, sorten anplitude erlatiboa sorta-konformazio izeneko prozesu baten bidez neurtuz. Matrize baten erabilerak espazioaren erantzuna murrizten du, estaldura zabala lortzeko sorta anitzeko sistemak erabiltzen baitira. Zuriaren seinalea (baldin badago), zaratarekin batera, seinale-prozesatu baten menpean jartzen da, eta hori, ekipo sinpleentzat, potentziaren neurketa bat baino ezin da izan. Irteera seinaletzat edo zaratatzat jotzen duen erabaki-gailuren bati aurkezten zaio emaitza. Gailu hau entzungailuak dituen operadore bat edo pantaila bat izan daiteke, ekipo sofistikatuenetan software espezifiko bat. Eragiketa gehigarriak egin daitezke zuria sailkatzeko eta aurkitzeko, bai eta abiadura neurtzeko ere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sonar_pasiboa">Sonar pasiboa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sonar pasiboa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sonar pasiboa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soinu pasiboak igorri gabe detektatzen du. Askotan instalazio militarretan erabiltzen da, eta aplikazio zientifikoak ere baditu; hala nola, hainbat ur-ingurunetan arrainik ez dagoen edo arrainen presentzia hautematea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soinu_iturrien_identifikazioa">Soinu iturrien identifikazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Soinu iturrien identifikazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Soinu iturrien identifikazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sonar pasiboak hautemandako soinu baten iturria identifikatzeko teknika ugari ditu. Adibidez, ontzi estatubatuarrek 60 Hz-eko <a href="/wiki/Korronte_aldizkatzaile" class="mw-redirect" title="Korronte aldizkatzaile">korronte alternako</a> motorrak izaten dituzte. <a href="/wiki/Transformadore" title="Transformadore">Transformadoreak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Sorgailu_elektriko" title="Sorgailu elektriko">sorgailuak</a> kaskoa behar bezala isolatu gabe muntatzen badira edo urez betetzen badira, motorraren 60 Hz-eko soinua ontziak igorri dezake, eta horrek haien nazionalitatea identifikatzen lagun dezake, Europako itsaspeko gehienek 50 Hz-eko sistemak baitituzte. Aldizkako soinu-iturriak (adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Giltza_ingelesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Giltza ingelesa">giltza ingeles</a> baten erorketa) ere detekta daitezke soinu pasiboko ekipoekin. Duela gutxi, operadore batek identifikatzen zuen seinalea, bere esperientziaren eta entrenamenduaren arabera, baina gaur egun ordenagailuak erabiltzen dira horretarako. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780850451634" title="Berezi:BookSources/9780850451634">9780850451634</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFASALERAE">ASALE, RAE-; RAE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dle.rae.es/sonar">«sonar | Diccionario de la lengua española»</a> <i>«Diccionario de la lengua española» - Edición del Tricentenario</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-12-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110502034656/http://www.npl.co.uk/acoustics/acoustic-technical-guides">«Acoustic Technical Guides : Acoustics : Science + Technology : National Physical Laboratory»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2011-05-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uhin_elektromagnetiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Uhin elektromagnetiko">Uhin elektomagnetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrasoinu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infrasoinu (sortu gabe)">Infrasoinu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Azala?uselang=eu">Wikimedia Commons</a>en</span> badira fitxategi gehiago, gai hau dutenak: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Open_Whisper_Systems" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Open Whisper Systems">Sonar</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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/></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q133220">Q133220</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sonar">Sonar</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" 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role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ontzi_terminologiaren_aurkibidea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Sail_types&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ontzi_terminologiaren_aurkibidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ontzi terminologiaren aurkibidea</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aparailu_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aparailu (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Aparailuak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korain" title="Korain">Aborin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aingura" title="Aingura">Aingura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albako_duke_(portuak)" title="Albako duke (portuak)">Albako duke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alboko_argi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alboko argi (sortu gabe)">Alboko argi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarradura" title="Amarradura">Amarradura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu" title="Amu">Amu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argindar-hartune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argindar-hartune (sortu gabe)">Argindar-hartune</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arranpla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arranpla (sortu gabe)">Arranpla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraun" title="Arraun">Arraun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baliza" title="Baliza">Baliza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baskula" title="Baskula">Baskula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_(nautika)" title="Bela (nautika)">Bela</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bermudar_bela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bermudar bela (sortu gabe)">Bermudar bela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berun_hari" title="Berun hari">Berun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brankako_lotura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brankako lotura (sortu gabe)">Brankako lotura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buia_(nautika)" title="Buia (nautika)">Buia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorretxo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorretxo (sortu gabe)">Dorretxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driza" title="Driza">Driza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esparbel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esparbel (sortu gabe)">Esparbel/Txinga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esprader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esprader (sortu gabe)">Esprader</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasogailu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jasogailu (sortu gabe)">Jasogailu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garabi" title="Garabi">Garabi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_(ontzietakoa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kable (ontzietakoa) (sortu gabe)">Kable</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalapatxa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalapatxa (sortu gabe)">Kalapatxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanabera_(arrantza)" title="Kanabera (arrantza)">Kanabera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate" title="Kate">Kate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan_(arrantza)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazan (arrantza) (sortu gabe)">kazan/xaxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizki" title="Kizki">Kizki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulubiza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulubiza (sortu gabe)">Kulubiza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasta" title="Lasta">Lasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai" title="Kai">Moila</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moilaertz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moilaertz (sortu gabe)">Moilaertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiloi" title="Mutiloi">Mutiloi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pita_(arrantza)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pita (arrantza) (sortu gabe)">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sare_(arrantza)" title="Sare (arrantza)">Sare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itsas_semaforo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itsas semaforo (sortu gabe)">Semaforo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soka" title="Soka">Soka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tolet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tolet (sortu gabe)">Tolet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txikot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txikot (sortu gabe)">Txikot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polea" title="Polea">Txirrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tretza" title="Tretza">Tretza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur_gaineko_dike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ur gaineko dike (sortu gabe)">Ur gaineko dike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Itsasontzi" title="Itsasontzi">Ontzi atalak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ababor_eta_istribor" title="Ababor eta istribor">Ababor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amula" title="Amula">Ababorreko amula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albo_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albo (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Albo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altuera_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altuera (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Altuera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubi_(ontzia)" title="Zubi (ontzia)">Aginte zubia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amula" title="Amula">Amula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_(nautika)" title="Bela (nautika)">Bela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belazurrun" title="Belazurrun">Belazurrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biltegi" title="Biltegi">Biltegi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizkar_(nautika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizkar (nautika)">Bizkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branka" title="Branka">Branka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bular_(itsasontzietan)" title="Bular (itsasontzietan)">Bular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errun_(nautika)" title="Errun (nautika)">Errun/Zabalera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esprin_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esprin (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Esprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estaia" title="Estaia">Estaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estanpa_(nautika)" title="Estanpa (nautika)">Estanpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estropu" title="Estropu">Estropu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainegitura_(nautika)" title="Gainegitura (nautika)">Gainegitura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_(nautika)" title="Gila (nautika)">Gila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haizealdea_eta_haizebea" title="Haizealdea eta haizebea">Haizealde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haizealdea_eta_haizebea" title="Haizealdea eta haizebea">Haizebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegal_(itsasontziarena)" title="Hegal (itsasontziarena)">Hegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helize_(mekanika)" title="Helize (mekanika)">Helize</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hondo_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hondo (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Hondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idi-begi" title="Idi-begi">Idi-begi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilabe (sortu gabe)">Ilabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ababor_eta_istribor" title="Ababor eta istribor">Istribor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amula" title="Amula">Istriborreko amula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel" title="Karel">Karel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelez_kanpoko_motor" title="Karelez kanpoko motor">Karelez kanpoko motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindurtza" title="Kindurtza">Kindurtza/Saia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korasta" title="Korasta">Korasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korasta_lema" title="Korasta lema">Korasta lema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krosko" title="Krosko">Krosko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krosko_bikoitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krosko bikoitz (sortu gabe)">Krosko bikoitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lema" title="Lema">Lema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzera_(nautika)" title="Luzera (nautika)">Luzera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masta" title="Masta">Masta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mastaburuko_argi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mastaburuko argi (sortu gabe)">Mastaburuko argi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masta" title="Masta">Masteria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurketa_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurketa (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Neurketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontziratzeko_pasabide" title="Ontziratzeko pasabide">Ontziratzeko pasabide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontza" title="Pontza">Pontza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porturatzeko_buia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porturatzeko buia (sortu gabe)">Porturatzeko buia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puntal" title="Puntal">Puntal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saihets_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saihets (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Saihets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soto" title="Soto">Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosta" title="Tosta">Tosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txopa" title="Txopa">Txopa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txopako_argi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txopako argi (sortu gabe)">Txopako argi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txopako_lotura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txopako lotura (sortu gabe)">Txopako lotura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urgaineko_alde" title="Urgaineko alde">Urgaineko alde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urpeko_alde" title="Urpeko alde">Urpeko alde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaldain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaldain (sortu gabe)">Zaldain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingo" title="Zingo">Zingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maniobrak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainguratze" title="Ainguratze">Ainguratze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrantza" title="Arrantza">Arrantza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alturako_arrantza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alturako arrantza">Alturako arrantza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarratu" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarratu">Amarratu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrain" title="Arrain">Arrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarda" title="Sarda">Arrain-sarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraste" title="Arraste">Arraste</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arraun_egin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arraun egin (sortu gabe)">Arraun egin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraunlari" title="Arraunlari">Arraunlari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atrakatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atrakatu (sortu gabe)">Atrakatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurtzaka" title="Aurtzaka">Aurtzaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brankari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brankari (sortu gabe)">Aurreko/Brankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badia" title="Badia">Badia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsasbazterreko_arrantza" title="Itsasbazterreko arrantza">Baxurako arrantza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beideratu_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beideratu (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Bideratu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biratu_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biratu (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Bidatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boga" title="Boga">Boga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokale" title="Bokale">Bokale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bultzada_(nautika)" title="Bultzada (nautika)">Bultzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deriba" title="Deriba">Deriba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desatrakatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desatrakatu (sortu gabe)">Desatrakatu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desegite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desegite (sortu gabe)">Desegite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desplazamendu_(nautika)" title="Desplazamendu (nautika)">Desplazamendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enbata" title="Enbata">Enbata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erriatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erriatu (sortu gabe)">Erriatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskifaia" title="Eskifaia">Eskifaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskora" title="Eskora">Eskora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traineru_estropada" title="Traineru estropada">Estropada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezkutuko_bidaiari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ezkutuko bidaiari (sortu gabe)">Ezkutuko bidaiari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurutzaldi-abiadura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurutzaldi-abiadura (sortu gabe)">Gurutzaldi-abiadura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hankeko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hankeko (sortu gabe)">Hankeko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hondartze" title="Hondartze">Hondartze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hondoratu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hondoratu (sortu gabe)">Hondoratu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsasbazterreko_arrantza" title="Itsasbazterreko arrantza">Itsasbazterreko arrantza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabotaje" title="Kabotaje">Kabotaje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai" title="Kai">Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubide" title="Ubide">Kanal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingurasareko_arrantza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingurasareko arrantza (sortu gabe)">Ingurasareko arrantza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iparrorratz" title="Iparrorratz">Iparrorratz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsasargi" title="Itsasargi">Itsasargi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itsas_garraio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itsas garraio (sortu gabe)">Itsas garraio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsas_salbamendu" class="mw-redirect" title="Itsas salbamendu">Itsas salbamendu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itsasbide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itsasbide (sortu gabe)">Itsasbide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsaslabar" title="Itsaslabar">Itsaslabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_(arrantza)" title="Kala (arrantza)">Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofradia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kofradia">Kofradia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korapilo_(abiadura_unitatea)" title="Korapilo (abiadura unitatea)">Korapilo (abiadura unitatea)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krosko-zulo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krosko-zulo (sortu gabe)">Krosko-zulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsas_milia" title="Itsas milia">Itsas milia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lasta-abiadura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lasta-abiadura (sortu gabe)">Lasta-abiadura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lehorreratu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lehorreratu (sortu gabe)">Lehorreratu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurmutur" title="Lurmutur">Lurmutur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lurreko_garraio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lurreko garraio (sortu gabe)">Lurreko garraio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merkatzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merkatzia (sortu gabe)">Merkatzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabigazio_hondakin" title="Nabigazio hondakin">Nabigazio hondakin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahitaezko_porturatze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahitaezko porturatze (sortu gabe)">Nahitaezko porturatze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naufragio" title="Naufragio">Naufragio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norabide_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norabide (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Norabide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oin_(unitatea)" title="Oin (unitatea)">Oin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okertu_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okertu (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Okertu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontzi-hondar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontzi-hondar (sortu gabe)">Ontzi-hondar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontzialdaketa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontzialdaketa (sortu gabe)">Ontzialdaketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontziola" title="Ontziola">Ontziola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontziratu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontziratu (sortu gabe)">Ontziratu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontzitegi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontzitegi (sortu gabe)">Ontzitegi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantalan" title="Pantalan">Pantalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patroi_(arraunketa)" title="Patroi (arraunketa)">Patroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portu" title="Portu">Portu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porturatze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porturatze (sortu gabe)">Porturatze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saihetsetik_lotu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saihetsetik lotu (sortu gabe)">Saihetsetik lotu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sendotu_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sendotu (nautika) (sortu gabe)">Sendotu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tona" title="Tona">Tona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troba" title="Troba">Troba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeremoniazko_ontzi_uretaratzea" title="Zeremoniazko ontzi uretaratzea">Zeremoniazko ontzi uretaratzea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur-hartune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ur-hartune (sortu gabe)">Ur-hartune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zia_(nautika)" title="Zia (nautika)">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaboga" title="Ziaboga">Ziaboga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaitu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaitu (sortu gabe)">Zaitu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ontzi motak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoiontzi" title="Atoiontzi">Atoiontzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrantza-ontzi" title="Arrantza-ontzi">Arrantza-ontzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraste-ontzi" title="Arraste-ontzi">Arraste-ontzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atunontzi" title="Atunontzi">Atunontzi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-ontzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auto-ontzi (sortu gabe)">Auto-ontzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakailao-ontzi" title="Bakailao-ontzi">Bakailao-ontzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baleontzi" title="Baleontzi">Baleontzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batel" title="Batel">Batel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bateliko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bateliko (sortu gabe)">Bateliko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaontzi" title="Belaontzi">Belaontzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidaiari-ontzi" title="Bidaiari-ontzi">Bidaiari-ontzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bou" title="Bou">Bou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruktore" title="Destruktore">Destruktore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draga" title="Draga">Draga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anezka" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Anezka">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragata_(ontzia)" title="Fragata (ontzia)">Fragata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabarra" title="Gabarra">Gabarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangil" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangil">Gangil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goleta" title="Goleta">Goleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurutzaontzi_(bidaiari-ontzia)" title="Gurutzaontzi (bidaiari-ontzia)">Gurutzaontzi (bidaiari-ontzia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurutzaontzi_(gerraontzia)" title="Gurutzaontzi (gerraontzia)">Gurutzaontzi (gerraontzia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegazkin-ontzi" title="Hegazkin-ontzi">Hegazkin-ontzi</a></li> <li><a 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