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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">超弦理論</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。32种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D8%A9" title="نظرية الأوتار الفائقة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظرية الأوتار الفائقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="سوپرسیزیم تئوریسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوپرسیزیم تئوریسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Тэорыя суперструн – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэорыя суперструн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Теория на суперструните – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Теория на суперструните" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorie_superstrun" title="Teorie superstrun – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teorie superstrun" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstring_theory" title="Superstring theory – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Superstring theory" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_de_supercuerdas" title="Teoría de supercuerdas – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teoría de supercuerdas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstringiteooria" title="Superstringiteooria – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Superstringiteooria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نظریه ابرریسمان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نظریه ابرریسمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supers%C3%A4ieteoria" title="Supersäieteoria – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Supersäieteoria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_des_supercordes" title="Théorie des supercordes – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Théorie des supercordes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A8" title="תורת העל-מיתר – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תורת העל-מיתר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teori_adibenang" title="Teori adibenang – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teori adibenang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorio_di_superkordi" title="Teorio di superkordi – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Teorio di superkordi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_delle_superstringhe" title="Teoria delle superstringhe – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teoria delle superstringhe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="超弦理論 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="超弦理論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EB%81%88_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="초끈 이론 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초끈 이론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstyg%C5%B3_teorija" title="Superstygų teorija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Superstygų teorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superst%C4%ABgu_teorija" title="Superstīgu teorija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Superstīgu teorija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Теорија на суперструните – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Теорија на суперструните" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="സൂപ്പർ സ്ട്രിങ്ങ് സിദ്ധാന്തം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൂപ്പർ സ്ട്രിങ്ങ് സിദ്ധാന്തം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstrengteori" title="Superstrengteori – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Superstrengteori" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstrengteori" title="Superstrengteori – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Superstrengteori" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਸੁਪਰ-ਸਟਰਿੰਗ ਥਿਊਰੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁਪਰ-ਸਟਰਿੰਗ ਥਿਊਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_superstrun" title="Teoria superstrun – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teoria 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.side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right" style="width: 250px;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E7%9A%84%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="未解決的物理學問題">未解決的物理學問題</a>：</b>請問<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="弦論">弦論</a>、<b>超弦理論</b>或<a href="/wiki/M%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="M理論">M理論</a>等等類似理論，是否向萬有理論的康莊大道邁上一大步，還是一條死胡同？</div> <div class="side-box-imageright"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_mark2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Question_mark2.svg/40px-Question_mark2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Question_mark2.svg/60px-Question_mark2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Question_mark2.svg/80px-Question_mark2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="71" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <p><b>超弦理论</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Superstring Theory</span>），属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="弦理论">弦理论</a>的一种，有五個不同的超弦理論。超弦理論旨在探尋一可統一各基本作用力及解釋基本物質的理論，透過嚴謹的數學框架來定義和賦予物質質量、解釋萬物運行規則。也指狭义的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="弦理论">弦理论</a>。是一種引進了<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="超對稱">超對稱</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="弦論">弦論</a>，其中指物質的基石為<b>至少九維時空</b>中的弦。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="理論基礎"><span id=".E7.90.86.E8.AB.96.E5.9F.BA.E7.A4.8E"></span>理論基礎</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：理論基礎"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>十一維時空（十維空間加一維时間）</li></ul> <p>为了将<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="玻色子">玻色子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="费米子">费米子</a>统一，科学家预言了这种粒子，由于实验条件的限制，人们很难找到这种能够证明弦理论的粒子。超弦理论作为最为艰深的理论之一，吸引着很多理论研究者对它进行研究，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%9C%89%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="萬有理論">萬有理論</a>的候選者之一(指小至可來解釋我們所知的一切作用力，大至於解釋宇宙所有物理奧秘的全面性理論)。 </p> <ul><li>超弦理論將<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="次原子粒子">次原子粒子</a>都被視為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%97%E6%BF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="受激（页面不存在）">受激</a>而<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AF%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="振動">振動</a>的多維<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88" title="迴圈">迴圈</a>（開頭所提的10維空間）。</li> <li>超弦理論與傳統的量子力學一樣，將<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="不確定性">不確定性</a>視為真正的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="隨機">隨機</a>。</li> <li>以膜理論解釋弦與三維空間和多維度空間的關係。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="弦理论中的超对称"><span id=".E5.BC.A6.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E8.B6.85.E5.AF.B9.E7.A7.B0"></span>弦理论中的超对称</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：弦理论中的超对称"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StringTheoryDualities.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/StringTheoryDualities.svg/220px-StringTheoryDualities.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/StringTheoryDualities.svg/330px-StringTheoryDualities.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/StringTheoryDualities.svg/440px-StringTheoryDualities.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>弦論的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6%E6%80%A7_(%E5%BC%A6%E8%AB%96)" title="對偶性 (弦論)">對偶性</a>：黃色箭頭為<a href="/wiki/S%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6" title="S對偶">S對偶</a>，藍色箭頭為<a href="/wiki/T%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6" title="T對偶">T對偶</a>，而<a href="/wiki/IIA%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="IIA型弦">IIA型弦</a>與<a href="/wiki/E%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%9C%E5%BC%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="E型雜弦">E型雜弦</a>則亦可與<a href="/wiki/M%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="M理論">M理論</a>有對偶聯繫（此對偶又可稱之為<a href="/wiki/U%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6" title="U對偶">U對偶</a>）</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="弦理论">弦理论</a>是我们知道的唯一能融合<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="广义相对论">广义相对论</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子力学</a>的方式，但只有超对称的弦理论才能避免<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E5%AD%90" title="快子">快子</a>问题，才能包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="费米子">费米子</a>振动模式从而才能说明组成我们世界的物质粒子。为了实现引力的量子力学，也为了一切力和物质的大统一，超对称性与弦理论手拉手地走来了。假如弦理论是对的，物理学家希望超对称性也是对的。<br /> </p><p>主要類型有： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="第一型弦理論">I型弦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="第二型弦理論">IIA型弦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="第二型弦理論">IIB型弦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="混合弦理論">O型雜弦</a>（SO(32)）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="混合弦理論">E型雜弦</a>（E8×E8）。</li></ul> <p>若納入<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6%E6%80%A7_(%E5%BC%A6%E8%AB%96)" title="對偶性 (弦論)">對偶性</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="超重力">超重力</a>，則可統一出<a href="/wiki/M%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="M理論">M理論</a>的框架，常見的對偶有<a href="/wiki/T%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6" title="T對偶">T對偶</a>、<a href="/wiki/S%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6" title="S對偶">S對偶</a>、<a href="/wiki/U%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6" title="U對偶">U對偶</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="懷疑論"><span id=".E6.87.B7.E7.96.91.E8.AB.96"></span>懷疑論</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：懷疑論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>弦論最致命弱點是它需要極高時空維度如11維度才能成立，與我們的四維時空不符，卡魯扎-克萊因理論是五維理論就因與四維時空不符而被拋棄，弦論的超高維度更是匪夷所思，尤其值得注意的是廣義和狹義相對論都是四維時空理論，11維的弦論能否和相對論相容令人懷疑，另外弦論預測的重力子和超伴子等在LHC 等實驗觀測一無所獲，因此弦論使學界深深懷疑。 </p> <ul><li>1979年諾貝爾獎得主、美國物理學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%82%96" title="谢尔登·格拉肖">谢尔登·格拉肖</a>（Sheldon Lee Glashow）是超弦理论的怀疑者，因为其不能提供<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="实验">实验</a>可检验的预言。他曾经试图阻止超弦理论家进入<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="哈佛大學">哈佛大學</a>物理系，但是哈佛大學还是接受了超弦理论，于是他选择了离开。<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 在約十分钟《弦论这件事》（《优雅的宇宙》第二部分）的采访中，他认为超弦是一门与<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="物理">物理</a>没有关系的学科，并且说：“...你可以把它称为肿瘤...”<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-newyorker-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newyorker_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606234307/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002crat_atlarge">Jim Holt, "Unstrung", <i>The New Yorker</i>, October 2, 2006</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-28</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002crat_atlarge">原始内容</a>存档于2011-06-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&rft.btitle=Jim+Holt%2C+%22Unstrung%22%2C+The+New+Yorker%2C+October+2%2C+2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Farchive%2F2006%2F10%2F02%2F061002crat_atlarge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"there ain't no experiment that could be done nor is there any observation that could be made that would say, `You guys are wrong.' The theory is safe, permanently safe." He also said, "Is this a theory of Physics or Philosophy? I ask you" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/view-glashow.html">NOVA interview</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110830121816/http://pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/view-glashow.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Kaku, Michio. Introduction to Superstring and M-Theory 2nd edition. <a href="/wiki/New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Springer-Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer-Verlag">Springer-Verlag</a>. 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&rft.aufirst=Michio&rft.aulast=Kaku&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Superstring+and+M-Theory&rft.date=1999&rft.edition=2nd+edition&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+USA&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Shen, Sinyan. Introduction to Superfluidity 2nd edition. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beijing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing（页面不存在）">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science Press（页面不存在）">Science Press</a>. 1982.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&rft.aufirst=Sinyan&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Superfluidity&rft.date=1982&rft.edition=2nd+edition&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Beijing%2C+China&rft.pub=Science+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Greene, Brian. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Elegant_Universe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Elegant Universe（页面不存在）">The Elegant Universe</a>: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Random House">Random House</a> Inc. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.btitle=The+Elegant+Universe%3A+Superstrings%2C+Hidden+Dimensions%2C+and+the+Quest+for+the+Ultimate+Theory&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Random+House+Inc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Greene, Brian. <i>The Elegant Universe</i>（台灣中文譯本《優雅的宇宙》或大陸中文譯本《宇宙的琴弦》）. W.W. Norton and Co. New York,NY. c1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780375708114" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-375-70811-4</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參閲"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E9.96.B2"></span>參閲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參閲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6%E6%80%A7_(%E5%BC%A6%E8%AB%96)" title="對偶性 (弦論)">對偶性 (弦論)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="第一型弦理論">第一型弦理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="第二型弦理論">第二型弦理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="混合弦理論">混合弦理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="超對稱">超對稱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%9C%89%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="萬有理論">萬有理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="M理論">M理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="F理論">F理論</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.phys.ntu.edu.tw/physhistory/spacetime/vol_28/v28_p71.pdf">超弦发展史</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160305113331/http://web.phys.ntu.edu.tw/physhistory/spacetime/vol_28/v28_p71.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.phys.ntu.edu.tw/physhistory/spacetime/vol_26/v26_p52.pdf">訪費因曼談超弦論</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210421163003/http://web.phys.ntu.edu.tw/physhistory/spacetime/vol_26/v26_p52.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="弦理論" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 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style="width:1%">基本对象</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="弦 (物理學)">弦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%9C_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="膜 (物理學)">膜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%E8%86%9C" title="D膜">D膜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="S膜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="S-brane"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S膜（页面不存在）">S膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-brane" class="extiw" title="en:S-brane"><span lang="en" dir="auto">S-brane</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS5%E8%86%9C" title="NS5膜">NS5膜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2%E8%86%9C" title="M2膜">M2膜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M5%E8%86%9C" title="M5膜">M5膜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑膜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Black brane"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑膜（页面不存在）">黑膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_brane" class="extiw" title="en:Black brane"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Black brane</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%EF%BC%8D%E4%B8%98%E6%B5%81%E5%BD%A2" title="卡拉比－丘流形"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Calabi-Yau-alternate.png/220px-Calabi-Yau-alternate.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Calabi-Yau-alternate.png/330px-Calabi-Yau-alternate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Calabi-Yau-alternate.png/440px-Calabi-Yau-alternate.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="765" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">背景理論</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8-%E5%90%8E%E8%97%A4%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南部-后藤作用量（页面不存在）">南部-后藤作用量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%8A%E9%87%8C%E9%9B%85%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E9%87%8F" title="泊里雅科夫作用量">泊里雅科夫作用量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3-%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="陳-西蒙斯理論">陳-西蒙斯理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%BD%A2%E5%A0%B4%E8%AB%96" title="共形場論">共形场论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="量子引力">量子引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%AD%AF%E6%89%8E-%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E5%9B%A0%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="卡魯扎-克萊因理論">卡鲁扎-克莱因理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%83%8F%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="全像原理">全像原理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="万有理论">万有理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A-%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="楊-米爾斯理論">杨-米尔斯理论</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">微扰弦理论</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="玻色弦理論">玻色弦理論</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">超弦理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="第一型弦理論">第一型弦理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="第二型弦理論">第二型弦理論</a>（第二A型<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 第二B型）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="混合弦理論">混合弦理論</a>（SO(32)雜弦<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i>E</i><sub>8</sub>x<i>E</i><sub>8</sub>雜弦）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91" title="弦拓扑">弦拓扑</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="扭量弦理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Twistor string theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%AD%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扭量弦理論（页面不存在）">扭量弦理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twistor_string_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Twistor string theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Twistor string theory</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非微扰结果</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="弦场论">弦場論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6%E6%80%A7_(%E5%BC%A6%E8%AB%96)" title="對偶性 (弦論)">弦論對偶性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6" title="S對偶">S對偶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6" title="T對偶">T對偶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6" title="U對偶">U對偶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0_(%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA)" title="镜像对称 (弦理论)">镜像对称性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="M理论">M理论</a>（<a href="/wiki/M%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" title="M理論入門">入門</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AdS/CFT%E5%AF%B9%E5%81%B6" title="AdS/CFT对偶">AdS/CFT对偶</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现象学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E5%94%AF%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="弦唯象学">弦唯象学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8" title="弦宇宙學">弦宇宙學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E8%AB%96%E5%9C%B0%E6%99%AF" title="弦論地景">弦論地景</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%9C%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8" title="膜宇宙學">膜宇宙學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">数学方法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E2%80%93%E6%80%95%E5%90%9E%E5%9B%A0%E7%B4%A0" title="陈–怕吞因素">陈–怕吞因素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%8A%A8%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="摄动理论">摄动理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97-%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%AF%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="巴塔林-维尔可维斯基代数">巴塔林-維爾可維斯基代數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%BB%95%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="格尔斯滕哈伯代数">格爾斯滕哈伯代數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E9%BB%9E%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%90%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B8" title="頂點算子代數">顶点算子代数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BF%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="维拉宿代数">維拉宿代數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%8C%A8-%E7%A9%86%E8%BF%AA%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="卡茨-穆迪代数">卡茨-穆迪代數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1/N%E5%B1%95%E5%BC%80" title="1/N展开">1/N展开</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">几何</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RNS体系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="RNS formalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNS%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNS体系（页面不存在）">RNS体系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNS_formalism" class="extiw" title="en:RNS formalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">RNS formalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GS体系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="GS formalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GS%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GS体系（页面不存在）">GS体系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GS_formalism" class="extiw" title="en:GS formalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">GS formalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GSO映射" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="GSO projection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSO%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSO映射（页面不存在）">GSO映射</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSO_projection" class="extiw" title="en:GSO projection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">GSO projection</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E2%80%93%E4%B8%98%E6%B5%81%E5%BD%A2" title="卡拉比–丘流形">卡拉比-丘流形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K3%E6%9B%B2%E9%9D%A2" title="K3曲面">K3曲面</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="G2流形" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="G2 manifold"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G2%E6%B5%81%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G2流形（页面不存在）">G2流形</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2_manifold" class="extiw" title="en:G2 manifold"><span lang="en" dir="auto">G2 manifold</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A7%E5%8C%96" title="紧化">紧化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軌形" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="orbifold"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E5%BD%A2" title="轨形">軌形</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/orbifold" class="extiw" title="en:orbifold"><span lang="en" dir="auto">orbifold</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="定向形" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="orientifold"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定向形（页面不存在）">定向形</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/orientifold" class="extiw" title="en:orientifold"><span lang="en" dir="auto">orientifold</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="錐形(弦论)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="conifold"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%90%E5%BD%A2(%E5%BC%A6%E8%AE%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錐形(弦论)（页面不存在）">錐形(弦论)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conifold" class="extiw" title="en:conifold"><span lang="en" dir="auto">conifold</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC-%E7%B6%AD%E9%A8%B0%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="塞伯格-維騰理論">塞伯格-維騰理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC-%E7%B6%AD%E9%A8%B0%E4%B8%8D%E8%AE%8A%E9%87%8F" title="塞伯格-維騰不變量">塞伯格-維騰不變量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC-%E7%B6%AD%E9%A8%B0%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" title="塞伯格-維騰映射">塞伯格-維騰映射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E5%AD%90%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A" title="快子凝聚">快子凝聚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%89%B0%E5%8F%8D%E5%B8%B8" title="微扰反常">微扰反常</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O(N)%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="O(N)模型">O(N)模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%CF%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="非线性σ模型">非线性σ模型</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="规范场论">规范场论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3-%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E6%96%AF%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F" title="陳-西蒙斯形式">陈-西蒙斯形式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A-%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="楊-米爾斯理論">楊-米爾斯理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wess-Zumino-Witten%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="Wess-Zumino-Witten模型">Wess-Zumino-Witten模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B5%90%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="紐結理論">纽结理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9E%AC%E5%AD%90" title="瞬子">瞬子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRST%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96" title="BRST量子化">BRST量子化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPS%E6%85%8B" title="BPS態">BPS態</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8D%95%E6%9E%81%E5%AD%90" title="磁单极子">磁单极子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0" title="超对称">超对称</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="超引力">超引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="超空間">超空間</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="李超群" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lie Supergroup"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E8%B6%85%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="李超群（页面不存在）">李超群</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_Supergroup" class="extiw" title="en:Lie Supergroup"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lie Supergroup</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E6%A5%8A-%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="超對稱楊-米爾斯理論">超對稱楊-米爾斯理論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">理论家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E9%A9%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC-%E5%93%88%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7" title="尼马·阿尔卡尼-哈米德">阿尔卡尼-哈米德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A" title="迈克尔·阿蒂亚">迈克尔·阿蒂亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="湯姆·班克斯">湯姆·班克斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E7%9C%81%E8%BA%AB" title="陈省身">陈省身</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E5%85%8B%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="罗贝特·戴克赫拉夫">戴克赫拉夫</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥克·朵夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michael_Duff_(physicist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%9C%B5%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥克·朵夫（页面不存在）">朵夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Duff_(physicist)" class="extiw" title="en:Michael Duff (physicist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michael_Duff_(physicist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Willy Fischler" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Willy Fischler"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Fischler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willy Fischler（页面不存在）">費斯勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Fischler" class="extiw" title="en:Willy Fischler"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Willy Fischler</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%B9" title="丹尼爾·弗里丹">丹尼爾·弗里丹</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="席維斯特·約翰·蓋茲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sylvester_James_Gates"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%AD%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%93%8B%E8%8C%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="席維斯特·約翰·蓋茲（页面不存在）">蓋茲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" class="extiw" title="en:Sylvester James Gates"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sylvester_James_Gates</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ferdinando Gliozzi" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ferdinando Gliozzi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinando_Gliozzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinando Gliozzi（页面不存在）">Gliozzi</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinando_Gliozzi" class="extiw" title="en:Ferdinando Gliozzi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ferdinando Gliozzi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="迈克尔·格林 (物理学家)">迈克尔·格林 (物理学家)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%96%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97" title="布赖恩·格林">布莱恩·葛林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%A8%84%E6%96%AF" title="戴维·格娄斯">戴维·格娄斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Steven Gubser" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Steven Gubser"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Gubser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Gubser（页面不存在）">葛布澤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Gubser" class="extiw" title="en:Steven Gubser"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Steven Gubser</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Jeffrey A. Harvey" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jeffrey A. Harvey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_A._Harvey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey A. Harvey（页面不存在）">哈維</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Harvey" class="extiw" title="en:Jeffrey A. Harvey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jeffrey A. Harvey</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彼得·霍扎瓦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Petr_Hořava_(physicist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%89%8E%E7%93%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·霍扎瓦（页面不存在）">霍扎瓦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Ho%C5%99ava_(physicist)" class="extiw" title="en:Petr Hořava (physicist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Petr_Hořava_(physicist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E4%BE%86%E9%81%93%E9%9B%84" title="加來道雄">加来道雄</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Igor Klebanov" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Igor Klebanov"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igor_Klebanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igor Klebanov（页面不存在）">Klebanov</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Klebanov" class="extiw" title="en:Igor Klebanov"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Igor Klebanov</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E9%98%B3%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E" title="南部阳一郎">南部阳一郎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%AD%94%E9%87%87%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="马克西姆·孔采维奇">孔采维奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%A3" title="胡安·马尔达西那">胡安·马尔达西那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E5%A7%86" title="斯坦利·曼德尔施塔姆">曼德尔施塔姆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Emil Martinec" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Emil Martinec"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Martinec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emil Martinec（页面不存在）">Martinec</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Martinec" class="extiw" title="en:Emil Martinec"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Emil Martinec</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%88%BE" title="格雷·穆爾">格雷·穆爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE" title="盧博斯·莫特爾">莫特爾</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Nikita Nekrasov" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nikita Nekrasov"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikita_Nekrasov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikita Nekrasov（页面不存在）">Nekrasov</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Nekrasov" class="extiw" title="en:Nikita Nekrasov"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nikita Nekrasov</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="André Neveu" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="André Neveu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Neveu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Neveu（页面不存在）">Neveu</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Neveu" class="extiw" title="en:André Neveu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">André Neveu</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大衛·奧利佛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="David_Olive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大衛·奧利佛（页面不存在）">奧利佛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Olive" class="extiw" title="en:David Olive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">David_Olive</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E9%92%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="约瑟夫·波尔钦斯基">波尔钦斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="亚历山大·马尔科维奇·波利亚科夫">泊里雅科夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E4%BE%86%E9%81%93%E9%9B%84" title="加來道雄">加來道雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%97%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E8%97%8D%E9%81%93%E7%88%BE" title="麗莎·藍道爾">麗莎·藍道爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%92%99" title="皮埃尔·拉蒙">皮埃尔·拉蒙</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ryan Rohm" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ryan Rohm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryan_Rohm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryan Rohm（页面不存在）">Rohm</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Rohm" class="extiw" title="en:Ryan Rohm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ryan Rohm</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Joël Scherk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Joël Scherk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C3%ABl_Scherk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joël Scherk（页面不存在）">Scherk</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Scherk" class="extiw" title="en:Joël Scherk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Joël Scherk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E8%8C%A8" title="约翰·施瓦茨">约翰·施瓦茨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="内森·塞伯格">内森·塞伯格</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ashoke Sen" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ashoke Sen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashoke_Sen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashoke Sen（页面不存在）">Sen</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoke_Sen" class="extiw" title="en:Ashoke Sen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ashoke Sen</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Đàm Thanh Sơn" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Đàm Thanh Sơn"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%C3%A0m_Thanh_S%C6%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đàm Thanh Sơn（页面不存在）">Sơn</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0m_Thanh_S%C6%A1n" class="extiw" title="en:Đàm Thanh Sơn"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Đàm Thanh Sơn</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E6%98%8E%E6%A0%BC" title="安德鲁·施特罗明格">安德鲁·施特罗明格</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉曼·桑壯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Raman Sundrum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%A3%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉曼·桑壯（页面不存在）">桑壯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_Sundrum" class="extiw" title="en:Raman Sundrum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Raman Sundrum</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%A7%E7%B4%8D%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%98%87%E5%A3%AB%E4%BE%83" title="李奧納特·蘇士侃">萨斯坎德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9" title="杰拉德·特·胡夫特">特·胡夫特</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Paul Townsend" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paul Townsend"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Townsend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Townsend（页面不存在）">Townsend</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Townsend" class="extiw" title="en:Paul Townsend"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paul Townsend</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E6%9C%97%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E6%B3%95" title="卡姆朗·瓦法">瓦法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E8%8E%B1%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%86%85%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA" title="加布里埃莱·韦内齐亚诺">韦内齐亚诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="埃里克·韦尔兰德">埃·弗尔林德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赫尔曼·韦尔兰德" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Herman_Verlinde"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫尔曼·韦尔兰德（页面不存在）">赫·弗尔林德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Verlinde" class="extiw" title="en:Herman Verlinde"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Herman_Verlinde</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E6%BB%95" title="爱德华·威滕">爱德华·威滕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%8C%AF%E5%AE%81" title="杨振宁">杨振宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E6%88%90%E6%A1%90" title="丘成桐">丘成桐</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Eric Zaslow" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eric Zaslow"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Zaslow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Zaslow（页面不存在）">Zaslow</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Zaslow" class="extiw" title="en:Eric Zaslow"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eric Zaslow</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%88%87%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗克·韦尔切克">弗朗克·韦尔切克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%B0%8F%E5%88%9A" title="文小刚">文小刚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E4%B8%80%E9%B4%BB" title="徐一鴻">徐一鴻</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="padding-top:0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弦理论历史（页面不存在）">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弦理论词汇表（页面不存在）">词汇</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="量子重力" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Quantum_gravity" title="Template:Quantum gravity"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Quantum_gravity" title="Template talk:Quantum gravity"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Quantum_gravity" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Quantum gravity"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="量子重力" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="量子引力">量子重力</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">核心概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdS/CFT%E5%AF%B9%E5%81%B6" title="AdS/CFT对偶">AdS/CFT对偶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="因果鋪片" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Causal patch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E9%8B%AA%E7%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="因果鋪片（页面不存在）">因果鋪片</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_patch" class="extiw" title="en:Causal patch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Causal patch</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="重力規範反常" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gravitational anomaly"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E5%8F%8D%E5%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重力規範反常（页面不存在）">重力規範反常</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_anomaly" class="extiw" title="en:Gravitational anomaly"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gravitational anomaly</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%90" title="引力子">引力子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E8%82%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%8A%E9%99%90" title="貝肯斯坦上限">貝肯斯坦上限</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%83%8F%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="全像原理">全像原理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="紅外/紫外混合" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="IR/UV mixing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紅外/紫外混合（页面不存在）">紅外/紫外混合</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IR/UV_mixing" class="extiw" title="en:IR/UV mixing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">IR/UV mixing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6" title="普朗克尺度">普朗克尺度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB" title="量子泡沫">量子泡沫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A0%E2%80%93%E9%AB%98%E6%9F%B3%E7%8C%9C%E6%83%B3" title="笠–高柳猜想">笠–高柳猜想</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="跨普朗克問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trans-Planckian problem"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%A8%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跨普朗克問題（页面不存在）">跨普朗克問題</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Planckian_problem" class="extiw" title="en:Trans-Planckian problem"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trans-Planckian problem</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="溫伯格-維騰理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Weinberg–Witten theorem"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC-%E7%B6%AD%E9%A8%B0%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫伯格-維騰理論（页面不存在）">溫伯格-維騰理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinberg%E2%80%93Witten_theorem" class="extiw" title="en:Weinberg–Witten theorem"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Weinberg–Witten theorem</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">模型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3-%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="陳-西蒙斯理論">陳-西蒙斯理論</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2+1維拓樸重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2+1D topological gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2%2B1%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%93%E6%A8%B8%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2+1維拓樸重力（页面不存在）">2+1維拓樸重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2B1D_topological_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:2+1D topological gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2+1D topological gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CGHS模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CGHS model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGHS%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGHS模型（页面不存在）">CGHS模型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGHS_model" class="extiw" title="en:CGHS model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CGHS model</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Jackiw-Teitelboim重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackiw-Teitelboim%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jackiw-Teitelboim重力（页面不存在）">Jackiw-Teitelboim重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackiw%E2%80%93Teitelboim_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="劉維爾重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liouville gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉維爾重力（页面不存在）">劉維爾重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Liouville gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liouville gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RST模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="RST model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RST%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RST模型（页面不存在）">RST模型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RST_model" class="extiw" title="en:RST model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">RST model</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E6%92%B2%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%A0%B4%E8%AB%96" title="拓撲量子場論">拓撲量子場論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="黑洞">黑洞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑洞互補原理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Black hole complementarity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E%E4%BA%92%E8%A3%9C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑洞互補原理（页面不存在）">黑洞互補原理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_complementarity" class="extiw" title="en:Black hole complementarity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Black hole complementarity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%82%96%E8%AB%96" title="黑洞資訊悖論">黑洞資訊悖論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="黑洞热力学">黑洞热力学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布索全像邊界" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bousso's holographic bound"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E7%B4%A2%E5%85%A8%E5%83%8F%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布索全像邊界（页面不存在）">布索全像邊界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bousso%27s_holographic_bound" class="extiw" title="en:Bousso's holographic bound"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bousso's holographic bound</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%A5%87%E7%82%B9" title="引力奇点">引力奇点</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8E%E6%9B%B2%E6%99%82%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%A0%B4%E8%AB%96" title="彎曲時空中的量子場論">彎曲時空中的量子場論</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="邦奇-戴維斯真空" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bunch–Davies vacuum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E5%A5%87-%E6%88%B4%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦奇-戴維斯真空（页面不存在）">邦奇-戴維斯真空</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunch%E2%80%93Davies_vacuum" class="extiw" title="en:Bunch–Davies vacuum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bunch–Davies vacuum</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E9%87%91%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="霍金輻射">霍金輻射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="半经典引力">半经典引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%AD%AF%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="安魯效應">安魯效應</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">理論方法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="弦理論">弦理論</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="玻色子弦理論">玻色子弦理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="M理论">M理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="超引力">超引力</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">超弦理論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="正則量子重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Canonical quantum gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E5%89%87%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正則量子重力（页面不存在）">正則量子重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_quantum_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Canonical quantum gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Canonical quantum gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="迴圈量子重力">迴圈量子重力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E5%8B%92-%E5%BE%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="惠勒-德威特方程式">惠勒-德威特方程式</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐幾里德量子重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Euclidean quantum gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E5%B9%BE%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐幾里德量子重力（页面不存在）">歐幾里德量子重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_quantum_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Euclidean quantum gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Euclidean quantum gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈妥-霍金態" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hartle–Hawking state"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%A6%A5-%E9%9C%8D%E9%87%91%E6%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈妥-霍金態（页面不存在）">哈妥-霍金態</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartle%E2%80%93Hawking_state" class="extiw" title="en:Hartle–Hawking state"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hartle–Hawking state</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它理論</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="因果動力學三角剖分" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Causal dynamical triangulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%89%96%E5%88%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="因果動力學三角剖分（页面不存在）">因果動力學三角剖分</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_dynamical_triangulation" class="extiw" title="en:Causal dynamical triangulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Causal dynamical triangulation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="因果集" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Causal sets"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="因果集（页面不存在）">因果集</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_sets" class="extiw" title="en:Causal sets"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Causal sets</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95" title="非交換幾何">非交換幾何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB" title="自旋泡沫">自旋泡沫</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超流體真空理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Superfluid vacuum theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超流體真空理論（页面不存在）">超流體真空理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid_vacuum_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Superfluid vacuum theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Superfluid vacuum theory</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AD%E9%87%8F%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="扭量理论">扭量理论</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">應用領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="量子宇宙學" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8" title="量子宇宙學">量子宇宙學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="永恆暴脹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eternal inflation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E6%81%86%E6%9A%B4%E8%84%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永恆暴脹（页面不存在）">永恆暴脹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_inflation" class="extiw" title="en:Eternal inflation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eternal inflation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" class="mw-disambig" title="平行宇宙">平行宇宙</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="FRW/CFT對偶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="FRW/CFT duality"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FRW/CFT%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FRW/CFT對偶（页面不存在）">FRW/CFT對偶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRW/CFT_duality" class="extiw" title="en:FRW/CFT duality"><span lang="en" dir="auto">FRW/CFT duality</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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