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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tonnage" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tonnage" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Current_maritime_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_maritime_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Current maritime units</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_maritime_units-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current maritime units subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_maritime_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gross_tonnage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gross_tonnage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gross tonnage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gross_tonnage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Net_tonnage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Net_tonnage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Net tonnage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net_tonnage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panama_Canal/UMS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panama_Canal/UMS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Panama Canal/UMS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panama_Canal/UMS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suez_Canal_Net_Tonnage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suez_Canal_Net_Tonnage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Suez Canal Net Tonnage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suez_Canal_Net_Tonnage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thames_measurement_tonnage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thames_measurement_tonnage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Thames measurement tonnage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thames_measurement_tonnage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_maritime_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_maritime_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historical maritime units</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_maritime_units-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical maritime units subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_maritime_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional_casks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_casks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Traditional casks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_casks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose_of_measuring_tonnage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose_of_measuring_tonnage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Purpose of measuring tonnage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose_of_measuring_tonnage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Method_of_measuring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Method_of_measuring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Method of measuring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Method_of_measuring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gross_register_tonnage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gross_register_tonnage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Gross register tonnage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gross_register_tonnage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Net_register_tonnage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Net_register_tonnage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Net register tonnage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net_register_tonnage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9" title="حمولة السفينة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمولة السفينة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Танаж – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Танаж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Тонаж (морски термин) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тонаж (морски термин)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueig" title="Arqueig – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arqueig" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton%C3%A1%C5%BE_(lodn%C3%AD_p%C5%99eprava)" title="Tonáž (lodní přeprava) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tonáž (lodní přeprava)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tonnage" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tonnage" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahutavus_(laevandus)" title="Mahutavus (laevandus) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mahutavus (laevandus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Χωρητικότητα πλοίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χωρητικότητα πλοίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonelaje" title="Tonelaje – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tonelaje" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%98" title="تناژ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تناژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tonnage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A4%EC%88%98" title="톤수 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="톤수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stazza" title="Stazza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stazza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94" title="תפוסה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תפוסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="ടണ്ണേജ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടണ്ണേജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanan" title="Tanan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tanan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnenmaat" title="Tonnenmaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tonnenmaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E6%95%B0" title="トン数 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トン数" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnasje" title="Tonnasje – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tonnasje" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tonnage" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tona%C5%BC" title="Tonaż – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tonaż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquea%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Arqueação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arqueação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Тоннаж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тоннаж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tona%C5%BEa_(ladja)" title="Tonaža (ladja) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tonaža (ladja)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetoisuus" title="Vetoisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vetoisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tonnage" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Тоннаж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тоннаж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%99%B8%E4%BD%8D" title="噸位 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="噸位" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q491774#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Measure of the volumetric capacity of a ship</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">Ton</a>.</div> <p><b>Tonnage</b> <a href="/wiki/Ship_measurements" title="Ship measurements">is a measure of</a> the capacity of a <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ship</a>, and is commonly used to assess <a href="/wiki/Fee" title="Fee">fees</a> on <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commercial</a> <a href="/wiki/Shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipping">shipping</a>. The term derives from the taxation paid on <i><a href="/wiki/Tun_(unit)" title="Tun (unit)">tuns</a></i> or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship. Although tonnage (volume) should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displacement</a> (the actual mass of the vessel), the <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long ton</a> (or imperial ton) of 2,240 lb is derived from the fact that a "<a href="/wiki/Tun_(unit)" title="Tun (unit)">tun</a>" of wine typically weighed that much. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_maritime_units">Current maritime units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Current maritime units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tonnage measurements are governed by an <a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">IMO</a> Convention (International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 (London-Rules)), which initially applied to all ships built after July 1982, and to older ships from July 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Convention_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convention-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A commonly defined measurement system is important, since a ship's registration fee, harbour dues, safety and manning rules, and the like may be based on its gross tonnage (GT) or net tonnage (NT). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gross_tonnage">Gross tonnage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gross tonnage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gross_tonnage" title="Gross tonnage">Gross tonnage</a></div> <p>Gross tonnage (GT) is a function of the volume of all of a ship's enclosed spaces (from <a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">keel</a> to <a href="/wiki/Funnel_(ship)" title="Funnel (ship)">funnel</a>) measured to the outside of the hull framing. The numerical value for a ship's GT is always smaller than the numerical values of <i>gross register tonnage (GRT).</i> Gross tonnage is therefore a kind of capacity-derived index that is used to rank a ship for purposes of determining manning, safety, and other statutory requirements and is expressed simply as GT, which is a unitless entity, even though it derives from the volumetric capacity in cubic metres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Net_tonnage">Net tonnage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Net tonnage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Net_tonnage" title="Net tonnage">Net tonnage</a></div> <p>Net tonnage (NT) is based on a calculation of the volume of all cargo spaces of the ship. It indicates a vessel's earning space and is a function of the moulded volume of all cargo spaces of the ship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panama_Canal/UMS"><span id="Panama_Canal.2FUMS"></span>Panama Canal/UMS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Panama Canal/UMS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a></div> <p>The Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) is based on net tonnage modified for <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> purposes. PC/UMS is based on a mathematical formula to calculate a vessel's total volume; one PC/UMS net ton is equivalent to 100 cubic feet (2.83 m<sup>3</sup>) of capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suez_Canal_Net_Tonnage">Suez Canal Net Tonnage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Suez Canal Net Tonnage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></div> <p>The Suez Canal Net Tonnage (SCNT) is derived with a number of modifications from the former net register tonnage of the <a href="/wiki/Moorsom_System" title="Moorsom System">Moorsom System</a> and was established by the International Commission of Constantinople in its Protocol of 18 December 1873. It is still in use, as amended by the <i>Rules of Navigation</i> of the Suez Canal Authority and is registered in the Suez Canal Tonnage Certificate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thames_measurement_tonnage">Thames measurement tonnage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Thames measurement tonnage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thames_Measurement" title="Thames Measurement">Thames Measurement</a></div> <p>Thames measurement tonnage (TM) is another volumetric system, generally used for small vessels such as <a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">yachts</a>; it uses a formula based on the vessel's length and beam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_maritime_units">Historical maritime units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Historical maritime units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_casks">Traditional casks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Traditional casks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:English_wine_cask_units.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/English_wine_cask_units.jpg/590px-English_wine_cask_units.jpg" decoding="async" width="590" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/English_wine_cask_units.jpg/885px-English_wine_cask_units.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/English_wine_cask_units.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Traditional English wine cask units</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>, tunnage was the medieval import duty on <a href="/wiki/Tun_(unit)" title="Tun (unit)">tuns</a> of wine. A tun was a large size of <a href="/wiki/Cask" class="mw-redirect" title="Cask">casks</a> used for <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>), used in the wine trade. The number of tuns that a ship could carry was used as a measure of the size of the ship. </p><p>The wine trade to England originated in France, which is where the tuns were made. A French standard tun cask size was established about 1450.<sup id="cite_ref-Grenier_et_al_v2_2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenier_et_al_v2_2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 9">: 9 </span></sup> The 15th century Bordeaux wine tun was between 240 and 252 imperial gallons (1,090 and 1,150 L; 288 and 303 US gal).<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_and_Stone_2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones_and_Stone_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 378–379">: 378–379 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When measuring the tonnage of a ship, the approximately cylindrical cask would have air space around it when stowed in a ship. Therefore the volume of hold space required for several tuns was greater than the total of the capacity of those tuns. 252 imperial gallons is just over 40 cubic feet (1.1 m<sup>3</sup>). British practice by the 19th century was for a ton of cargo volume to be 50 cubic feet (1.4 m<sup>3</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-MacGregor_1983_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGregor_1983-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13">: 13 </span></sup> This is derived from an estimate of the hull space needed to fit the roughly cylindrical tun and is broadly consistent with the much earlier French definition given below. </p><p>The Bordeaux tun was used as a measurement elsewhere in Europe. By the 16th century, multi-decked ships which were loaded through hatchways (as opposed to earlier undecked or single decked ships) found it more convenient to use a smaller size of standard barrel. This was the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">barrique bordelaise</i></span>, measuring a quarter of the size of the tun (in English, this barrel was termed a hogshead<sup id="cite_ref-Salisbury_1966_pt_1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salisbury_1966_pt_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). For instance, <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque</a> ships engaged in 16th century whaling in <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a> used this size of barrel (with the name <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">barrica</i></span>). The French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">tonneau de mer</i></span> was legally defined, in 1681, as the cubic space into which four <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">barrique bordelaise</i></span> fitted, with the casks aligned two directly above the two below (so not optimising the layout). This redefined ton worked out as 42 cubic <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pieds de roi</i></span> (1.44 cubic metres (51 cu ft). The difference between this measure and, for instance, the Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">toneladas</i></span> was calculated by recognised adjustment factors.<sup id="cite_ref-Grenier_et_al_v2_2007_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenier_et_al_v2_2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9, 43">: 9, 43 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purpose_of_measuring_tonnage">Purpose of measuring tonnage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Purpose of measuring tonnage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tonnage measurement was important for an increasing number of reasons through history. In England in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, ships were often impressed by the crown for military use. To do this in an efficient and speedy manner, a measurement of size was needed. The payment to the owner of the requisitioned ship was based on the tonnage. Port dues and various licences were based on tonnage, and it was a useful measure for a ship builder who needed to build a vessel that met the new owner's requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-Salisbury_1966_pt_1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salisbury_1966_pt_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Tudor period</a> a bounty per ton was paid for the construction of larger ships, so the threshold for that payment had to be determined, as well as the amount paid for those qualifying.<sup id="cite_ref-Salisbury_1966_pt_1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salisbury_1966_pt_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Method_of_measuring">Method of measuring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Method of measuring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the middle ages, the normal way of discovering the tonnage of a ship was to load her with wine and see how many tuns could be fitted in. There is an instance of the owner of a new ship, in 1459, being challenged that his safe-conduct was for a 400 ton vessel, whilst he had already loaded more than 600 tons. The excuse was accepted that he had no idea of her tonnage until she was loaded. In another case, in 1456, a dispute over the actual tonnage of a ship had to be resolved by having coopers part load her with (presumably empty) barrels to estimate what she could carry.<sup id="cite_ref-Salisbury_1966_pt_1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salisbury_1966_pt_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tudor bounty paid for the construction of larger ship was apparently paid without any measurement system to confirm the actual size. The presumption is that it was taken from the amount of cargo unloaded after the first voyage (which would be recorded in the customs records of the relevant port). </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Register_tonnage"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gross_register_tonnage">Gross register tonnage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gross register tonnage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">Gross register tonnage</a></div> <p>Gross register tonnage (GRT) represents the total internal <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> of a vessel, where one register ton is equal to a volume of 100 <a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot" title="Cubic foot">cubic feet</a> (2.83 <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre" title="Cubic metre">m<sup>3</sup></a>); a volume that, if filled with fresh water, would weigh around 2.83 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>. The definition and calculation of the internal volume is complex; for instance, a ship's hold may be assessed for <a href="/wiki/Bulk_cargo" title="Bulk cargo">bulk grain</a> (accounting for all the air space in the hold) or for <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bale#Etymology_3" class="extiw" title="wikt:bale">bales</a> (omitting the spaces into which bulk, but not baled cargo, would spill). Gross register tonnage was replaced by <i>gross tonnage</i> in 1982 under the Tonnage Measurement convention of 1969, with all ships measured in GRT either scrapped or re-measured in GT by 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Convention_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convention-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Net_register_tonnage">Net register tonnage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Net register tonnage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Net_register_tonnage" title="Net register tonnage">Net register tonnage</a></div> <p>Net register tonnage (NRT) is the volume of cargo the vessel can carry—that is, the gross register tonnage less the volume of spaces that do not hold <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">cargo</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">engine</a> compartment, <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_wheel" title="Ship's wheel">helm</a> station, and <a href="/wiki/Crew" title="Crew">crew</a> spaces, again with differences depending on which <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a> or <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">country</a> does the calculations). It represents the volume of the ship available for transporting <a href="/wiki/Freight" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight">freight</a> or <a href="/wiki/Passenger" title="Passenger">passengers</a>. It was replaced by <i>net tonnage</i> in 1994, under the Tonnage Measurement convention of 1969. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Non-maritime_usage_of_the_term_''tonnage''"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_Old_Measurement" title="Builder's Old Measurement">Builder's Old Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">Displacement (ship)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_ships_by_gross_tonnage" title="List of largest ships by gross tonnage">List of largest ships by gross tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">Long ton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">Short ton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">Ton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">Tonne</a> (or 'metric ton')</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One complexity with understanding the actual volume of the medieval wine tun was that there was a wine gallon of 232 cubic inches (3.80 L) compared to the imperial gallon of 277 cubic inches (4.54 L).<sup id="cite_ref-Salisbury_1966_pt_1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salisbury_1966_pt_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Convention-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Convention_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Convention_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imo.org/Conventions/contents.asp?topic_id=259&doc_id=685"><i>International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080116151225/http://www.imo.org/Conventions/contents.asp?topic_id=259&doc_id=685">Archived</a> 2008-01-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, International Maritime Organisation. Retrieved May 10, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pancanal.com/eng/general/peajes-en-el-canal.html"><i>Panama Canal Tolls</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916113752/http://www.pancanal.com/eng/general/peajes-en-el-canal.html">Archived</a> 2008-09-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Authority" title="Panama Canal Authority">Panama Canal Authority</a>. Retrieved May 10, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grenier_et_al_v2_2007-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grenier_et_al_v2_2007_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grenier_et_al_v2_2007_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrenier2007" class="citation book cs1">Grenier, Robert (2007). Grenier, Robert; Bernier, Marc-Andre; Stevens, Willis (eds.). <i>The Underwater Archaeology of Red Bay. Vol. 2: Material Culture</i>. Ottawa: Parks Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780660196527" title="Special:BookSources/9780660196527"><bdi>9780660196527</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Underwater+Archaeology+of+Red+Bay.+Vol.+2%3A+Material+Culture&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pub=Parks+Canada&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780660196527&rft.aulast=Grenier&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonnage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones_and_Stone_2018-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_and_Stone_2018_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesStone2018" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Evan T.; Stone, Richard (2018). <i>The World of the Newport Medieval Ship: Trade, Politics and Shipping in the Mid-Fifteenth Century</i> (Kindle ed.). Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78683-146-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78683-146-0"><bdi>978-1-78683-146-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Newport+Medieval+Ship%3A+Trade%2C+Politics+and+Shipping+in+the+Mid-Fifteenth+Century&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pages=379&rft.edition=Kindle&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-78683-146-0&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Evan+T.&rft.au=Stone%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonnage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salisbury_1966_pt_1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salisbury_1966_pt_1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salisbury_1966_pt_1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salisbury_1966_pt_1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salisbury_1966_pt_1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salisbury_1966_pt_1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalisbury1966" class="citation web cs1">Salisbury, William (2 February 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snr.org.uk/early-tonnage-measurement-england-part/">"Early Tonnage Measurement in England Part I"</a>. <i>SNR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SNR&rft.atitle=Early+Tonnage+Measurement+in+England+Part+I&rft.date=1966-02-02&rft.aulast=Salisbury&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnr.org.uk%2Fearly-tonnage-measurement-england-part%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonnage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacGregor_1983-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacGregor_1983_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacGregor1983" class="citation book cs1">MacGregor, David R. (1983). <i>The Tea Clippers, Their History and Development 1833-1875</i>. Conway Maritime Press Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-256-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-256-0"><bdi>0-85177-256-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tea+Clippers%2C+Their+History+and+Development+1833-1875&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press+Limited&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-85177-256-0&rft.aulast=MacGregor&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonnage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/figis/servlet/static?dom=ontology&xml=sectionL.xml"><i>CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards</i></a>. Retrieved May 10, 2006.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonnage&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Oxford Companion To Ships & The Sea</i>, by I. C. B. Dear and Peter Kemp. Oxford University Press, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860616-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860616-8">0-19-860616-8</a></li> <li><i>Ship Design and Construction, Volume II</i>; Thomas Lamb, Editor. Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99909-0-620-3" title="Special:BookSources/99909-0-620-3">99909-0-620-3</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane1964" class="citation journal cs1">Lane, Frederic C. (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2593003">"Tonnages, Medieval and Modern"</a>. <i>The Economic History Review</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 213–233. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0117">0013-0117</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2593003">2593003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+History+Review&rft.atitle=Tonnages%2C+Medieval+and+Modern&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=213-233&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2593003%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0013-0117&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Frederic+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2593003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonnage" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ship_measurements" title="Template:Ship measurements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ship_measurements" title="Template talk:Ship measurements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ship_measurements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ship measurements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ship_measurements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ship_measurements" title="Ship measurements">Ship measurements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Length</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">Length overall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Length_between_perpendiculars" title="Length between perpendiculars">Length between perpendiculars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterline_length" title="Waterline length">Length at the waterline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breadth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">Beam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)#Metrics" title="Hull (watercraft)">Moulded depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeboard_(nautical)" title="Freeboard (nautical)">Freeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Load_line_(watercraft)" title="Load line (watercraft)">Load line (Plimsoll Line)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_keel_clearance" title="Under keel clearance">Under keel clearance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Height</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_draft" title="Air draft">Air draft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_tonnage" title="Gross tonnage">Gross tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensated_gross_tonnage" title="Compensated gross tonnage">Compensated gross tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_tonnage" title="Net tonnage">Net tonnage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Measurement" title="Thames Measurement">Thames measurement tonnage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Archaic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">Gross register tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_register_tonnage" title="Net register tonnage">Net register tonnage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capacity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">Deadweight tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">Twenty-foot equivalent unit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">Intermodal containers</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Archaic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_Old_Measurement" title="Builder's Old Measurement">Builder's Old Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorsom_System" title="Moorsom System">Moorsom System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">Displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Loaded_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">Loaded displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Standard_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">Standard displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Light_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">Light displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Normal_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">Normal displacement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stability</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclining_test" title="Inclining test">Inclining test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_list" title="Angle of list">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_loll" title="Angle of loll">Angle of loll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacentric_height" title="Metacentric height">Metacentric height (GM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship#Size_categories" title="Cargo ship">Limits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aframax" title="Aframax">Aframax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimax" title="Baltimax">Baltimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capesize" title="Capesize">Capesize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinamax" title="Chinamax">Chinamax</a></li> <li><a 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