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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBM_subsidiary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>IBM subsidiary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBM_subsidiary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fedora_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fedora_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fedora Project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fedora_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Business model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programs_and_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs_and_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Programs and projects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programs_and_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programs and projects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programs_and_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-One_Laptop_per_Child" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#One_Laptop_per_Child"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>One Laptop per Child</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-One_Laptop_per_Child-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-KVM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KVM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>KVM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KVM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNOME" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNOME"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>GNOME</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNOME-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-systemd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#systemd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>systemd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-systemd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PulseAudio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PulseAudio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>PulseAudio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PulseAudio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dogtail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dogtail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Dogtail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dogtail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MRG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MRG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>MRG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MRG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opensource.com" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opensource.com"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Opensource.com</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opensource.com-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Red_Hat_Exchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Red_Hat_Exchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Red Hat Exchange</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Red_Hat_Exchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Red_Hat_build_of_Keycloak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Red_Hat_build_of_Keycloak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Red Hat build of Keycloak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Red_Hat_build_of_Keycloak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Red_Hat_Subscription_Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Red_Hat_Subscription_Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Red Hat Subscription Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Red_Hat_Subscription_Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceph_Storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceph_Storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Ceph Storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceph_Storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OpenShift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OpenShift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>OpenShift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OpenShift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OpenStack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OpenStack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>OpenStack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OpenStack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CloudForms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CloudForms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>CloudForms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CloudForms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CoreOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CoreOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>CoreOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CoreOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LibreOffice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LibreOffice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>LibreOffice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LibreOffice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_FOSS_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_FOSS_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.18</span> <span>Other FOSS projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_FOSS_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xorg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xorg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.19</span> <span>Xorg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xorg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities_and_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities_and_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.20</span> <span>Utilities and tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities_and_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Subsidiaries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subsidiaries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subsidiaries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Red_Hat_Czech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Red_Hat_Czech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Red Hat Czech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Red_Hat_Czech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Red_Hat_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Red_Hat_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Red Hat India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Red_Hat_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mergers_and_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mergers_and_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mergers and acquisitions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mergers_and_acquisitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mergers and acquisitions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mergers_and_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Acquisitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divestitures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divestitures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Divestitures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divestitures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="mw-page-title-main">Red Hat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ريد هات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريد هات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%AA" title="رد هت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رد هت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F" title="রেড হ্যাট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেড হ্যাট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Red Hat (компания) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Red Hat (компания)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%AA" title="رد هت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رد هت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%93%9C%ED%96%87" title="레드햇 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레드햇" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F" title="रेड हैट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेड हैट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ರೆಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೆಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="റെഡ് ഹാറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റെഡ് ഹാറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F" title="रेड हॅट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेड हॅट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="レッドハット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レッドハット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F" title="ਰੈੱਡ ਹੈਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੈੱਡ ਹੈਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat,_Inc." title="Red Hat, Inc. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Red Hat, Inc." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%D8%AF_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ڕێد ھات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێد ھات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="ரெட் ஹட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரெட் ஹட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="రెడ్ హ్యాట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రెడ్ హ్యాట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%95" title="เรดแฮต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรดแฮต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Red Hat" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the company. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Red Hat (disambiguation)">Red Hat (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Red Hat, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Hat_Logo_2019.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Red_Hat_Logo_2019.svg/220px-Red_Hat_Logo_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Red_Hat_Logo_2019.svg/330px-Red_Hat_Logo_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Red_Hat_Logo_2019.svg/440px-Red_Hat_Logo_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="145" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Hat_Tower_(formerly_headquarters_of_Progress_Energy_Inc.)_--_20_May_2012_(panoramio.com)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Red_Hat_Tower_%28formerly_headquarters_of_Progress_Energy_Inc.%29_--_20_May_2012_%28panoramio.com%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Red_Hat_Tower_%28formerly_headquarters_of_Progress_Energy_Inc.%29_--_20_May_2012_%28panoramio.com%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Red_Hat_Tower_%28formerly_headquarters_of_Progress_Energy_Inc.%29_--_20_May_2012_%28panoramio.com%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Red_Hat_Tower_%28formerly_headquarters_of_Progress_Energy_Inc.%29_--_20_May_2012_%28panoramio.com%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Red_Hat_Tower_%28formerly_headquarters_of_Progress_Energy_Inc.%29_--_20_May_2012_%28panoramio.com%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Red_Hat_Tower_%28formerly_headquarters_of_Progress_Energy_Inc.%29_--_20_May_2012_%28panoramio.com%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="1384" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Tower" title="Red Hat Tower">Red Hat Tower</a>, the headquarters of Red Hat</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a> (independent)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Computer_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer software">Computer software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Container_Linux" title="Container Linux">Container Linux</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Solutions" title="Cygnus Solutions">Cygnus Solutions</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485593?uselang=en#P155" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">March 1993<span class="noprint">; 32 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1993-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Young_(businessman)" title="Bob Young (businessman)">Bob Young</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Ewing" title="Marc Ewing">Marc Ewing</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matt_Hicks_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matt Hicks (engineer) (page does not exist)">Matt Hicks</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cormier_(engineer)" title="Paul Cormier (engineer)">Paul Cormier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairman</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Directory_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hat Directory Server">Red Hat Directory Server</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Linux</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_(software)" title="Satellite (software)">Satellite</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization">Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Storage_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hat Storage Server">Red Hat Storage Server</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/JBoss_Enterprise_Application_Platform" title="JBoss Enterprise Application Platform">JBoss EAP</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Red Hat Single Sign On </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ansible_(software)" title="Ansible (software)">Ansible</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="#CloudForms">CloudForms</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure for Virtualization </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Certificate_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hat Certificate System">Red Hat Certificate System</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Red Hat <a href="/wiki/Fuse_Message_Broker" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse Message Broker">AMQ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Red Hat Insights<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>3.4 billion</span> (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-sec19_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sec19-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$512 million</span> (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-xbrlus_1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xbrlus_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$434 million</span> (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-sec19_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sec19-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$5.588 billion</span> (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-sec19_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sec19-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.613 billion</span> (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-sec19_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sec19-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19,000<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> (2019–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="#Red_Hat_Czech">§ Red Hat Czech</a></li><li><a href="#Red_Hat_India">§ Red Hat India</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redhat.com">redhat.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Red Hat, Inc.</b> (formerly Red Hat Software, Inc.) is an American <a href="/wiki/Software_company" title="Software company">software company</a> that provides <a href="/wiki/Open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source software">open source software</a> products to enterprises<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiary</a> of <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. Founded in 1993, Red Hat has its <a href="/wiki/Corporate_headquarters" title="Corporate headquarters">corporate headquarters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>, with other offices worldwide. </p><p>Red Hat has become associated to a large extent with its <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">enterprise operating system</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a>. With the acquisition of open-source enterprise <a href="/wiki/Middleware_(distributed_applications)" title="Middleware (distributed applications)">middleware</a> vendor JBoss, Red Hat also offers <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Virtualization" title="Red Hat Virtualization">Red Hat Virtualization</a> (RHV), an enterprise virtualization product. Red Hat provides storage, operating system platforms, middleware, applications, management products, support, training, and <a href="/wiki/Consultant" title="Consultant">consulting services</a>. </p><p>Red Hat creates, maintains, and contributes to many free software projects. It has acquired the <a href="/wiki/Codebase" title="Codebase">codebases</a> of several <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary software</a> products through <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">corporate mergers and acquisitions</a>, and has released such software under <a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">open source licenses</a>. As of March 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Red Hat is the second largest corporate contributor to the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> version 4.14 after <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 28, 2018, IBM announced its intent to acquire Red Hat for $34 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acquisition closed on July 9, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-RH_acquisition_release_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RH_acquisition_release-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It now operates as an independent subsidiary.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RH_acquisition_release_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RH_acquisition_release-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1993, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Young_(businessman)" title="Bob Young (businessman)">Bob Young</a> incorporated the ACC Corporation, a <a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">catalog</a> <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a> that sold Linux and <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> software accessories. In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Ewing" title="Marc Ewing">Marc Ewing</a> created his own Linux distribution, which he named <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat Linux</a><sup id="cite_ref-history_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (associated with the time Ewing wore a red <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">lacrosse</a> hat, given to him by his grandfather, while attending <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Ewing released the software in October, and it became known as the Halloween release. Young bought Ewing's business in 1995,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2013)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the two merged to become Red Hat Software, with Young serving as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> (CEO). </p><p>Red Hat <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">went public</a> on August 11, 1999, achieving—at the time—the eighth-biggest first-day gain in the history of <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Szulik" title="Matthew Szulik">Matthew Szulik</a> succeeded <a href="/wiki/Bob_Young_(businessman)" title="Bob Young (businessman)">Bob Young</a> as CEO in December of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Young_(businessman)" title="Bob Young (businessman)">Bob Young</a> went on to found the online <a href="/wiki/Print_on_demand" title="Print on demand">print on demand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Self-publishing" title="Self-publishing">self-publishing</a> company, <a href="/wiki/Lulu_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulu (company)">Lulu</a> in 2002. </p><p>On November 15, 1999, Red Hat acquired <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Solutions" title="Cygnus Solutions">Cygnus Solutions</a>. Cygnus provided commercial support for <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> and housed maintainers of <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a> software products such as the <a href="/wiki/GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">GNU Debugger</a> and <a href="/wiki/GNU_Binutils" title="GNU Binutils">GNU Binutils</a>. One of the founders of Cygnus, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tiemann" title="Michael Tiemann">Michael Tiemann</a>, became the <a href="/wiki/Chief_technical_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief technical officer">chief technical officer</a> of Red Hat and by 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the vice president of open-source affairs. Later Red Hat acquired WireSpeed, <a href="/wiki/C2Net" title="C2Net">C2Net</a>, Hell's Kitchen Systems, and Akopia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2000, <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i> awarded Red Hat its fourth consecutive "Operating System Product of the Year" award for Red Hat Linux 6.1.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red Hat acquired Planning Technologies, Inc. in 2001 and <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>'s <a href="/wiki/IPlanet" title="IPlanet">iPlanet</a> directory and certificate-server software in 2004. </p><p>Red Hat moved its headquarters from <a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham</a> to <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_State_University" title="North Carolina State University">North Carolina State University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Centennial Campus">Centennial Campus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a> in February 2002. In the following month Red Hat introduced Red Hat Linux Advanced Server,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later renamed <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a> (RHEL). <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> announced their support of the platform.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2005, <i>CIO Insight</i> magazine conducted its annual "Vendor Value Survey", in which Red Hat ranked #1 in value for the second year in a row.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red Hat stock became part of the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ-100" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ-100">NASDAQ-100</a> on December 19, 2005. </p><p>Red Hat acquired open-source middleware provider JBoss on June 5, 2006, and JBoss became a division of Red Hat. On September 18, 2006, Red Hat released the Red Hat Application Stack, which integrated the JBoss technology and which was certified by other well-known software vendors.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 12, 2006, Red Hat stock moved from trading on <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> (RHAT) to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> (RHT). In 2007 Red Hat acquired <a href="/wiki/MetaMatrix" title="MetaMatrix">MetaMatrix</a> and made an agreement with Exadel to distribute its software. </p><p>On March 15, 2007, Red Hat released Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and in June acquired <a href="/wiki/Mobicents" title="Mobicents">Mobicents</a>. On March 13, 2008, Red Hat acquired Amentra, a provider of systems integration services for <a href="/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture" title="Service-oriented architecture">service-oriented architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_process_management" title="Business process management">business process management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Systems_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems development">systems development</a>, and enterprise data services. </p><p>On July 27, 2009, Red Hat replaced <a href="/wiki/CIT_Group" title="CIT Group">CIT Group</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">Standard and Poor's 500 stock index</a>, a diversified index of 500 leading companies of the U.S. economy.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was reported as a major milestone for Linux.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 15, 2009, it was reported that Red Hat will pay <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$8.8 million</span> to settle a class action lawsuit related to the restatement of financial results from July 2004. The suit had been pending in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina">U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina</a>. Red Hat reached the proposed settlement agreement and recorded a one-time charge of <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$8.8 million</span> for the quarter that ended Nov. 30.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 10, 2011, Red Hat announced that it would expand its headquarters in two phases, adding 540 employees to the Raleigh operation, and investing over <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$109 million</span>. The state of North Carolina is offering up to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$15 million</span> in incentives. The second phase involves "expansion into new technologies such as software virtualization and technology cloud offerings".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Hat_headquarters_at_Raleigh,_North_Carolina,_US_--_9_November_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Red_Hat_headquarters_at_Raleigh%2C_North_Carolina%2C_US_--_9_November_2013.jpg/200px-Red_Hat_headquarters_at_Raleigh%2C_North_Carolina%2C_US_--_9_November_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Red_Hat_headquarters_at_Raleigh%2C_North_Carolina%2C_US_--_9_November_2013.jpg/300px-Red_Hat_headquarters_at_Raleigh%2C_North_Carolina%2C_US_--_9_November_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Red_Hat_headquarters_at_Raleigh%2C_North_Carolina%2C_US_--_9_November_2013.jpg/400px-Red_Hat_headquarters_at_Raleigh%2C_North_Carolina%2C_US_--_9_November_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="1230" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Hat_Tower_--_15_February_2017_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Red_Hat_Tower_--_15_February_2017_%28cropped%29.jpeg/200px-Red_Hat_Tower_--_15_February_2017_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Red_Hat_Tower_--_15_February_2017_%28cropped%29.jpeg/300px-Red_Hat_Tower_--_15_February_2017_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Red_Hat_Tower_--_15_February_2017_%28cropped%29.jpeg/400px-Red_Hat_Tower_--_15_February_2017_%28cropped%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="981" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Tower" title="Red Hat Tower">Red Hat Tower</a> with earlier company logo</div></div></div></div> <p>On August 25, 2011, Red Hat announced it would move about 600 employees from the <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Campus_of_North_Carolina_State_University" title="Centennial Campus of North Carolina State University">N.C. State Centennial Campus</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Two_Progress_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Progress Plaza">Two Progress Plaza</a> building.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A ribbon cutting ceremony was held on June 24, 2013, in the re-branded Red Hat Headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Red Hat became the first one-billion dollar open-source company, reaching <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.13 billion</span> in annual revenue during its fiscal year.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red Hat passed the $2 billion benchmark in 2015. As of February 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the company's annual revenue was nearly $3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 16, 2015, Red Hat announced its acquisition of IT automation startup <a href="/wiki/Ansible_(software)" title="Ansible (software)">Ansible</a>, rumored for an estimated US$100 million.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2017, Red Hat announced Red Hat <a href="/wiki/Hyper-converged_infrastructure" title="Hyper-converged infrastructure">Hyperconverged</a> Infrastructure (RHHI) 1.0 software product.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2018, Red Hat acquired <a href="/wiki/CoreOS" class="mw-redirect" title="CoreOS">CoreOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Red Hat's links to Israel's military and professed support for Israel have also led to some controversy and calls for boycott during the ongoing conflict in Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IBM_subsidiary">IBM subsidiary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: IBM subsidiary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 28, 2018, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> announced its intent to acquire Red Hat for US$34 billion, in one of its largest-ever acquisitions. The company will operate out of IBM's Hybrid Cloud division.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Six months later, on May 3, 2019, the US Department of Justice concluded its review of IBM's proposed Red Hat acquisition,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and according to Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols "essentially approved the IBM/Red Hat deal".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acquisition was closed on July 9, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fedora_Project">Fedora Project</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fedora Project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fedora_logo_(2021).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fedora_logo_%282021%29.svg/220px-Fedora_logo_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fedora_logo_%282021%29.svg/330px-Fedora_logo_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fedora_logo_%282021%29.svg/440px-Fedora_logo_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="144" /></a><figcaption>Fedora Project logo</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fedora_Project" title="Fedora Project">Fedora Project</a></div> <p>Red Hat is the primary sponsor of the Fedora Project, a community-supported free software project that aims to promote the rapid progress of <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> and content.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_model">Business model</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Business model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat operates on a <a href="/wiki/Business_model" title="Business model">business model</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a>, development within a community, professional <a href="/wiki/Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">quality assurance</a>, and subscription-based <a href="/wiki/Customer_support" title="Customer support">customer support</a>. They produce open-source code so that more programmers can make adaptations and improvements. </p><p>Red Hat sells subscriptions for the support, training, and integration services that help customers in using their open-source software products. Customers pay one set price for unlimited access to services such as <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Network" title="Red Hat Network">Red Hat Network</a> and up to <a href="/wiki/24/7" class="mw-redirect" title="24/7">24/7</a> support.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2014, however, CEO <a href="/wiki/Jim_Whitehurst" title="Jim Whitehurst">Jim Whitehurst</a> announced that Red Hat was "in the midst of a major shift from client-server to cloud-mobile".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rich Bynum, a member of Red Hat's legal team, attributes Linux's success and rapid development partially to open-source business models, including Red Hat's.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs_and_projects">Programs and projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Programs and projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Red_Hat" title="Special:EditPage/Red Hat">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Red+Hat%22">"Red Hat"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Red+Hat%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Red+Hat%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Red+Hat%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Red+Hat%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Red+Hat%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Hat_Summit_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Red_Hat_Summit_2019.jpg/220px-Red_Hat_Summit_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Red_Hat_Summit_2019.jpg/330px-Red_Hat_Summit_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Red_Hat_Summit_2019.jpg/440px-Red_Hat_Summit_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Red Hat Summit is an annual conference, here seen in 2019.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="One_Laptop_per_Child">One Laptop per Child</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: One Laptop per Child"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat engineers worked with the <a href="/wiki/One_Laptop_per_Child" title="One Laptop per Child">One Laptop per Child</a> initiative (a <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit organization</a> established by members of the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Media_Lab" title="MIT Media Lab">MIT Media Lab</a>) to design and produce an inexpensive laptop and try to provide every child in the world with access to open communication, open knowledge, and <a href="/wiki/Open_learning" title="Open learning">open learning</a>. The <a href="/wiki/OLPC_XO-1" class="mw-redirect" title="OLPC XO-1">XO-4</a> laptop, the last machine the project produced (in 2012), runs a slimmed-down version of <a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora 17</a> as its operating system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="KVM"><a href="/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" title="Kernel-based Virtual Machine">KVM</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: KVM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Avi_Kivity" title="Avi Kivity">Avi Kivity</a> began the development of KVM in mid-2006 at <a href="/wiki/Qumranet" title="Qumranet">Qumranet</a>, a technology <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup company</a> that was acquired by Red Hat in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNOME">GNOME</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: GNOME"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat is the largest contributor to the <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> desktop environment. It has several employees working full-time on <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Evolution" title="GNOME Evolution">Evolution</a>, the official <a href="/wiki/Personal_information_manager" title="Personal information manager">personal information manager</a> for GNOME. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="systemd"><a href="/wiki/Systemd" title="Systemd">systemd</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: systemd"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Init system and system/service manager for Linux systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PulseAudio"><a href="/wiki/PulseAudio" title="PulseAudio">PulseAudio</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: PulseAudio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Network-capable <a href="/wiki/Sound_server" title="Sound server">sound server</a> program distributed via the <a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a> project. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dogtail">Dogtail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dogtail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dogtail, an open-source automated <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) test framework initially developed by Red Hat, consists of free software released under the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> (GPL) and is written in <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>. It allows developers to build and test their applications. Red Hat announced the release of Dogtail at the 2006 Red Hat Summit.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MRG">MRG</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: MRG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat MRG is a <a href="/wiki/Cluster_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster (computing)">clustering</a> product intended for integrated <a href="/wiki/High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">high-performance computing</a> (HPC). The <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> MRG stands for "Messaging Realtime Grid". </p><p>Red Hat Enterprise MRG replaces the kernel of Red Hat Enterprise Linux <a href="/wiki/RHEL" class="mw-redirect" title="RHEL">RHEL</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distribution</a> developed by Red Hat, to provide extra support for <a href="/wiki/Real-time_computing" title="Real-time computing">real-time computing</a>, together with middleware support for <a href="/wiki/Message_broker" title="Message broker">message brokerage</a> and scheduling workload to local or remote <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grid_computing" title="Grid computing">grid computing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Red Hat works with the <a href="/wiki/Condor_High-Throughput_Computing_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Condor High-Throughput Computing System">Condor High-Throughput Computing System</a> community and also provides support for the software.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tuna performance-monitoring tool runs in the MRG environment.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opensource.com">Opensource.com</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Opensource.com"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat produced the online publication Opensource.com since January 20, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Huger_&_others,_Red_Hat,_2020_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huger_&_others,_Red_Hat,_2020-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site highlights ways <a href="/wiki/Open-source_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source model">open-source</a> principles apply in domains other than software development. The site tracks the application of open-source philosophy to business, education, government, law, health, and life. </p><p>The company originally produced a newsletter called Under the Brim. Wide Open magazine first appeared in March 2004, as a means for Red Hat to share technical content with subscribers regularly. The Under the Brim newsletter and Wide Open magazine merged in November 2004, to become <i>Red Hat Magazine</i>. In January 2010, <i>Red Hat Magazine</i> became Opensource.com.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2023 Red Hat went through company layoffs and laid off the team maintaining Opensource.com.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Red_Hat_Exchange"><span class="anchor" id="EXCHANGE"></span>Red Hat Exchange</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Red Hat Exchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, Red Hat announced that it had reached an agreement with some <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> (FOSS) companies that allowed it to make a distribution portal called Red Hat Exchange, reselling FOSS software with the original branding intact.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by 2010, Red Hat had abandoned the Exchange program to focus their efforts more on their Open Source Channel Alliance which began in April 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Red_Hat_build_of_Keycloak"><span class="anchor" id="Red_Hat_build_of_Keycloak"></span> Red Hat build of Keycloak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Red Hat build of Keycloak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat build of Keycloak<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (formerly known as Red Hat Single Sign-On<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a software product to allow single sign-on with Identity Management and Access Management aimed at modern applications and services. It is based on the open-source project <a href="/wiki/Keycloak" title="Keycloak">Keycloak</a>, which acts as an <a href="/wiki/Upstream_(software_development)" title="Upstream (software development)">upstream</a> project. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Red_Hat_Subscription_Management"><span class="anchor" id="RHSM"></span>Red Hat Subscription Management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Red Hat Subscription Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat Subscription Management (RHSM)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> combines content delivery with <a href="/wiki/Subscription_business_model" title="Subscription business model">subscription</a> management.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceph_Storage">Ceph Storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ceph Storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat is the largest contributor to the <a href="/wiki/Ceph_(software)" title="Ceph (software)">Ceph Storage</a> <a href="/wiki/Software-defined_storage" title="Software-defined storage">SDS</a> project : Block, File & Object Storage which runs on industry-standard x86 servers and Ethernet IP as well as ARM, InfiniBand, and other technologies. </p><p>Ceph aims primarily for completely distributed operation without a single point of failure, scalable to the exabyte level. </p><p>Ceph replicates data and makes it fault-tolerant, using commodity hardware and requiring no specific hardware support. Ceph's system offers disaster recovery and data redundancy through techniques such as replication, erasure coding, snapshots and storage cloning. As a result of its design, the system is both self-healing and self-managing, aiming to minimize administration time and other costs. </p><p>In this way, administrators have a single, consolidated system that avoids silos and collects the storage within a common management framework. Ceph consolidates several storage use cases and improves resource utilization. It also lets an organization deploy servers where needed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OpenShift">OpenShift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: OpenShift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat operates <a href="/wiki/OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> <a href="/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service">platform as a service</a>, supporting applications written in <a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_Platform,_Enterprise_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Platform, Enterprise Edition">JavaEE</a> and more.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 31, 2018, Red Hat announced the release of Istio 1.0, a microservices management program used in tandem with the <a href="/wiki/Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> platform. The software purports to provide "traffic management, service identity and security, policy enforcement and telemetry" services in order to streamline Kubernetes use under the various <a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a>-based operating systems. Red Hat's Brian Redbeard Harring described Istio as "aiming to be a control plane, similar to the Kubernetes control plane, for configuring a series of proxy servers that get injected between application components".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also Red Hat is the second largest contributor to Kubernetes code itself, after Google.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OpenStack">OpenStack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: OpenStack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat markets a version of <a href="/wiki/OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a> which helps manage a <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data center</a> in the manner of cloud computing.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CloudForms">CloudForms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: CloudForms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat CloudForms provides management of <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machines</a>, instances and <a href="/wiki/Operating-system-level_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating-system-level virtualization">containers</a> based on VMware vSphere, Red Hat Virtualization, Microsoft Hyper-V, OpenStack, Amazon EC2, Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_OpenShift" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hat OpenShift">Red Hat OpenShift</a>. CloudForms is based on the <a href="/wiki/ManageIQ" title="ManageIQ">ManageIQ</a> project that Red Hat open sourced. Code in ManageIQ is from the over <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$100 million</span> acquisition of ManageIQ in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CoreOS">CoreOS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: CoreOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Container Linux (formerly CoreOS Linux) is a discontinued open-source lightweight operating system based on the Linux kernel and designed for providing infrastructure to clustered deployments. As an operating system, Container Linux provided only the minimal functionality required for deploying applications inside software containers, together with built-in mechanisms for service discovery and configuration sharing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: LibreOffice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat contributed, with several software developers, to <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open-source">free and open-source</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Office suite">office suite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2023, Red Hat announced they were not going to include LibreOffice in RHEL 10, citing the ability to download LibreOffice from <a href="/wiki/Flatpak" title="Flatpak">Flatpak</a> on RHEL desktops.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_FOSS_projects">Other FOSS projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other FOSS projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat also organises "Open Source Day" events<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where multiple partners show their open-source technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xorg"><a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">Xorg</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Xorg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat is one of the largest contributors to the <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities_and_tools">Utilities and tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Utilities and tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subscribers have access to: </p> <ul><li>Red Hat Developer Toolset (DTS)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – performance analysis and development tools<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Red Hat Software Collections (RHSCL) <sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Over and above Red Hat's major products and acquisitions, Red Hat programmers have produced software programming-tools and <a href="/wiki/Utility_software" title="Utility software">utilities</a> to supplement standard Unix and Linux software. Some of these Red Hat "products" have found their way from specifically Red Hat operating environments via open-source channels to a wider community. Such utilities include: </p> <ul><li>Disk Druid – for disk partitioning<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPM_Package_Manager" title="RPM Package Manager">rpm</a> – for package management</li> <li>sos (son of <code>sysreport</code>) – tools for collecting information on system hardware and configuration.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>sosreport – reports system hardware and configuration details<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="wider community (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SystemTap" title="SystemTap">SystemTap</a> – tracing tool for Linux kernels, developed with IBM, Hitachi, Oracle<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Intel<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetworkManager" title="NetworkManager">NetworkManager</a></li></ul> <p>The Red Hat website lists the organization's major involvements in free and open-source software projects.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Community projects under the aegis of Red Hat include: </p> <ul><li>the Pulp application for <a href="/wiki/Software_repository" title="Software repository">software repository</a> management.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Red_Hat_Czech">Red Hat Czech</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Red Hat Czech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242257876" /><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Red Hat Czech</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Hat_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Red_Hat_logo.svg/220px-Red_Hat_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Red_Hat_logo.svg/330px-Red_Hat_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Red_Hat_logo.svg/440px-Red_Hat_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="146" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Headquarter_of_Red_Hat_Czech_in_Brno,_Czech_Republic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Headquarter_of_Red_Hat_Czech_in_Brno%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg/220px-Headquarter_of_Red_Hat_Czech_in_Brno%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Headquarter_of_Red_Hat_Czech_in_Brno%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg/330px-Headquarter_of_Red_Hat_Czech_in_Brno%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Headquarter_of_Red_Hat_Czech_in_Brno%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg/440px-Headquarter_of_Red_Hat_Czech_in_Brno%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Red Hat building in <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Spole%C4%8Dnost_s_ru%C4%8Den%C3%ADm_omezen%C3%BDm" title="Společnost s ručením omezeným">Společnost s ručením omezeným</a> (Limited Liability Company)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Container_Linux" title="Container Linux">Container Linux</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Solutions" title="Cygnus Solutions">Cygnus Solutions</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485593?uselang=en#P155" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2006<span class="noprint">; 19 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2006</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> CZK 1,002 million (FY 2016)</li><li>CZK 806 million (FY 2015)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> CZK 123 million (FY 2016)</li><li>CZK 39 million (FY 2015)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> CZK 420 million (FY 2016)</li><li>CZK 325 million (FY 2015)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1180 (2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Red Hat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://redhat.com/en/global/czech-republic">redhat<wbr />.com<wbr />/en<wbr />/global<wbr />/czech-republic</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Footnotes / references</b><br /><sup id="cite_ref-auto_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Red Hat Czech <a href="/wiki/Spole%C4%8Dnost_s_ru%C4%8Den%C3%ADm_omezen%C3%BDm" title="Společnost s ručením omezeným">s.r.o.</a> is a research and development arm of Red Hat, based in <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsidiary was formed in 2006 and has 1,180 employees (2019).<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red Hat chose to enter the Czech Republic in 2006 over other locations due to the country's embrace of <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_advocacy" title="Open-source software advocacy">open-source</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsidiary expanded in 2017 to a second location in the Brno Technology Park to accommodate an additional 350 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Red Hat Czech reported revenue of CZK 1,002 million (FY 2016), and net income of CZK 123 million (FY 2016), with assets of CZK 420 million (FY 2016)|CZK 325 million (FY 2015). </p><p>The group was named the "Most progressive employer of the year" in the Czech Republic in 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the "Best Employer in the Czech Republic" for large scale companies in 2011 by <a href="/wiki/Aon_(company)" title="Aon (company)">Aon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Red_Hat_India">Red Hat India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Red Hat India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2000, Red Hat created the subsidiary <b>Red Hat India</b> to deliver Red Hat software, support, and services to Indian customers.<sup id="cite_ref-expandtoindia_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expandtoindia-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colin Tenwick, former vice president and general manager of Red Hat <a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East_and_Africa" title="Europe, the Middle East and Africa">EMEA</a>, said Red Hat India was opened "in response to the rapid adoption of Red Hat Linux in the subcontinent. Demand for open-source solutions from the Indian markets is rising and Red Hat wants to play a major role in this region."<sup id="cite_ref-expandtoindia_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expandtoindia-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red Hat India has worked with local companies to enable the adoption of open-source technology in both government<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and education.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Red Hat India had a distribution network of more than 70 channel partners spanning 27 cities across India.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red Hat India's channel partners included MarkCraft Solutions, Ashtech Infotech Pvt Ltd., Efensys Technologies, Embee Software, Allied Digital Services, and Softcell Technologies. Distributors include Integra Micro Systems<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ingram_Micro" title="Ingram Micro">Ingram Micro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mergers_and_acquisitions">Mergers and acquisitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Mergers and acquisitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Hat's first major acquisition involved Delix Computer GmbH-Linux Div, the <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>-based operating-system division of Delix Computer, a German computer company, on July 30, 1999. </p><p>Red Hat acquired <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Solutions" title="Cygnus Solutions">Cygnus Solutions</a>, a company that provided commercial support for <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>, on January 11, 2000 – it was the company's largest acquisition, for <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$674 million</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tiemann" title="Michael Tiemann">Michael Tiemann</a>, co-founder of Cygnus, served as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_technical_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief technical officer">chief technical officer</a> of Red Hat after the acquisition. Red Hat made the most acquisitions in 2000 with five: Cygnus Solutions, <a href="/wiki/Bluecurve" title="Bluecurve">Bluecurve</a>, Wirespeed Communications, Hell's Kitchen Systems, and <a href="/wiki/C2Net" title="C2Net">C2Net</a>. On June 5, 2006, Red Hat acquired <a href="/wiki/Open-source_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source model">open-source</a> middleware provider JBoss for <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$420 million</span> and integrated it as its own division of Red Hat. </p><p>On December 14, 1998, Red Hat made its first <a href="/wiki/Divestment" title="Divestment">divestment</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a> acquired undisclosed minority stakes in the company. The next year, on March 9, 1999, <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> each acquired undisclosed minority stakes in Red Hat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisitions">Acquisitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Acquisitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date </th> <th>Company </th> <th>Business </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Value (<a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a>) </th> <th class="unsortable">References </th></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001999-07-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 13, 1999</span> </td> <td>Atomic Vision </td> <td>Website design </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001999-07-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 30, 1999</span> </td> <td>Delix Computer GmbH<br />-Linux Div<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Computers and software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Germany </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002000-01-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 11, 2000</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Solutions" title="Cygnus Solutions">Cygnus Solutions</a> Limited </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GCC_Compiler" class="mw-redirect" title="GCC Compiler">gcc</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">gdb</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNU_Binutils" title="GNU Binutils">binutils</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7008674444000000000♠">674,444,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002000-05-26-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 26, 2000</span> </td> <td>Bluecurve </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> management software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7007371070000000000♠">37,107,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002000-08-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 1, 2000</span> </td> <td>Wirespeed Communications </td> <td>Internet software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7007839630000000000♠">83,963,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002000-08-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 15, 2000</span> </td> <td>Hell's Kitchen Systems </td> <td>Internet software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7007856240000000000♠">85,624,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002000-09-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 13, 2000</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C2Net" title="C2Net">C2Net</a> </td> <td>Internet software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7007399830000000000♠">39,983,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-02-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 5, 2001</span> </td> <td>Akopia </td> <td>Ecommerce software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-02-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 28, 2001</span> </td> <td>Planning Technologies </td> <td>Consulting </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7007470000000000000♠">47,000,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002002-02-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 11, 2002</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ArsDigita" title="ArsDigita">ArsDigita</a> </td> <td>Assets and employees </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002002-10-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 15, 2002</span> </td> <td>NOCpulse </td> <td>Software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002003-12-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 18, 2003</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sistina_Software" title="Sistina Software">Sistina Software</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Global_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Global File System">GFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)" title="Logical Volume Manager (Linux)">LVM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Device_mapper" title="Device mapper">DM</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7007310000000000000♠">31,000,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002004-09-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 30, 2004</span> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a> Security<br />-Certain Asts<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Certain assets </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002006-06-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 5, 2006</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/JBoss_(company)" title="JBoss (company)">JBoss</a> </td> <td>Middleware </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7008420000000000000♠">420,000,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002007-06-06-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 6, 2007</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MetaMatrix" title="MetaMatrix">MetaMatrix</a> </td> <td>Information management software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002007-06-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 19, 2007</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mobicents" title="Mobicents">Mobicents</a> </td> <td>Telecommunications software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002008-03-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 13, 2008</span> </td> <td>Amentra </td> <td>Consulting </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002008-06-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 4, 2008</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Identix_Incorporated" title="Identix Incorporated">Identyx</a> </td> <td>Software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002008-09-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 4, 2008</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qumranet" title="Qumranet">Qumranet</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" title="Kernel-based Virtual Machine">KVM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization">RHEV</a>, <a href="/wiki/SPICE_(protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="SPICE (protocol)">SPICE</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Israel </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7008107000000000000♠">107,000,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002010-11-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 30, 2010</span> </td> <td>Makara </td> <td>Enterprise software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002011-10-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 4, 2011</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gluster" title="Gluster">Gluster</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GlusterFS" class="mw-redirect" title="GlusterFS">GlusterFS</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7008136000000000000♠">136,000,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002012-06-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 27, 2012</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/FUSE_ESB" class="mw-redirect" title="FUSE ESB">FuseSource</a> </td> <td>Enterprise integration software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002012-08-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 28, 2012</span> </td> <td>Polymita </td> <td>Enterprise software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Spain </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002012-12-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 20, 2012</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ManageIQ" title="ManageIQ">ManageIQ</a> </td> <td>Orchestration software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7008104000000000000♠">104,000,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002014-01-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 7, 2014</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CentOS" title="CentOS">The CentOS Project</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002014-04-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 30, 2014</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inktank_Storage" title="Inktank Storage">Inktank Storage</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceph_(software)" title="Ceph (software)">Ceph</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7008175000000000000♠">175,000,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002014-06-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 18, 2014</span> </td> <td>eNovance </td> <td><a href="/wiki/OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a> Integration Services </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7007950000000000000♠">95,000,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002014-09-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 18, 2014</span> </td> <td>FeedHenry </td> <td>Mobile Application Platform </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ireland </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7007820000000000000♠">82,000,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002015-10-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 16, 2015</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ansible_(software)" title="Ansible (software)">Ansible</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Configuration_management" title="Configuration management">Configuration management</a>, Orchestration engine </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002016-06-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 22, 2016</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3scale" title="3scale">3scale</a> </td> <td>API management </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-05-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 25, 2017</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Codenvy" class="mw-redirect" title="Codenvy">Codenvy</a> </td> <td>Cloud software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-07-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 31, 2017</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Permabit" title="Permabit">Permabit</a> </td> <td>Data deduplication and compression </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002018-01-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 30, 2018</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CoreOS" class="mw-redirect" title="CoreOS">CoreOS</a> </td> <td>Management of containerized application:<br /><a href="/wiki/Container_Linux_by_CoreOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Container Linux by CoreOS">Container Linux by CoreOS</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td align="right">$<span data-sort-value="7008250000000000000♠">250,000,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002018-11-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 28, 2018</span> </td> <td>NooBaa </td> <td>Cloud storage technology </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Israel </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 7, 2021 </td> <td>StackRox </td> <td>Container management software </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divestitures">Divestitures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Divestitures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date </th> <th>Acquirer </th> <th>Target company </th> <th>Target business </th> <th>Acquirer country </th> <th>Value (<a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a>) </th> <th class="unsortable">References </th></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001998-12-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 14, 1998</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation">Intel Corporation</a> </td> <td>Red Hat<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Open-source software </td> <td align="right"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001999-03-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 9, 1999</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a> </td> <td>Red Hat<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Open-source software </td> <td align="right"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001999-03-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 9, 1999</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td> <td>Red Hat<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Open-source software </td> <td align="right"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001999-03-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 9, 1999</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> </td> <td>Red Hat<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Open-source software </td> <td align="right"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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minority stake in Red Hat.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a> acquired a minority stake in Red Hat.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> acquired a minority stake in Red Hat.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> acquired a minority stake in Red Hat</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-names-matt-hicks-president-and-chief-executive-officer">"Red Hat Names Matt Hicks President and Chief Executive Officer"</a>. July 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Names+Matt+Hicks+President+and+Chief+Executive+Officer&rft.date=2022-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fred-hat-names-matt-hicks-president-and-chief-executive-officer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200406151430/https://www.redhat.com/en/about/company/management/paul-cormier">"Paul Cormier"</a>. Red Hat. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Top 10: Google, Red Hat, VMware, Microsoft, IBM, Huawei, Fujitsu, Intel, CNCF</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=k8s.devstats.cncf.io&rft.atitle=Grafana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fk8s.devstats.cncf.io%2Fd%2F9%2Fcompanies-table%3ForgId%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies">"Open source technologies for the enterprise"</a>. <i>www.redhat.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.redhat.com&rft.atitle=Open+source+technologies+for+the+enterprise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Ftechnologies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://access.redhat.com/products/red-hat-cloudforms">"Red Hat CloudForms"</a>. <i>Red Hat Customer Portal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Red+Hat+Customer+Portal&rft.atitle=Red+Hat+CloudForms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faccess.redhat.com%2Fproducts%2Fred-hat-cloudforms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/investors">"Red Hat Investor Relations"</a>. <i>www.redhat.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.redhat.com&rft.atitle=Red+Hat+Investor+Relations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Finvestors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Red_Hat_contributions#LibreOffice_developers">"Red Hat contributions - Fedora Project Wiki"</a>. <i>fedoraproject.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fedoraproject.org&rft.atitle=Red+Hat+contributions+-+Fedora+Project+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffedoraproject.org%2Fwiki%2FRed_Hat_contributions%23LibreOffice_developers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProven2023" class="citation web cs1">Proven, Liam (June 7, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2023/06/07/red_hat_drops_libreoffice/">"Red Hat to stop packaging LibreOffice for RHEL"</a>. <i>The Register</i>. Situation Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Red+Hat+to+stop+packaging+LibreOffice+for+RHEL&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft.aulast=Proven&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2023%2F06%2F07%2Fred_hat_drops_libreoffice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about/events">"Events"</a>. <i>www.redhat.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.redhat.com&rft.atitle=Events&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fevents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Such as BPM, <a href="/wiki/OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ansible_(software)" title="Ansible (software)">Ansible</a>, <a href="/wiki/BRMS" class="mw-redirect" title="BRMS">BRMS</a>, ADS, <a href="/wiki/Alfresco_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfresco (software)">Alfresco</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=B-Cloud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B-Cloud (page does not exist)">B-Cloud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Business-e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Business-e (page does not exist)">Business-e</a>, <a href="/wiki/CISCO" class="mw-redirect" title="CISCO">CISCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delphis" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphis">Delphis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elasticsearch" title="Elasticsearch">Elastic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurotech_(company)" title="Eurotech (company)">Eurotech</a>, Extra, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extraordy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extraordy (page does not exist)">Extraordy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/IKS_magazine" title="IKS magazine">IKS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiratech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiratech (page does not exist)">Kiratech</a>, <a href="/wiki/MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a>, Nuage, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partec (page does not exist)">Partec</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plurimidia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plurimidia (page does not exist)">Plurimidia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scalix" title="Scalix">Scalix</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorint (page does not exist)">Sorint</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zextras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zextras (page does not exist)">Zextras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbra" title="Zimbra">Zimbra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuse_ESB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse ESB">Fuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/DataGrid" class="mw-redirect" title="DataGrid">DataGrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceph_(software)" title="Ceph (software)">Ceph</a>, <a href="/wiki/CloudForms" class="mw-redirect" title="CloudForms">CloudForms</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=x_server_contributors&num=1">"Companies, Developers Contributing To The X Server - Phoronix"</a>. <i>www.phoronix.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.phoronix.com&rft.atitle=Companies%2C+Developers+Contributing+To+The+X+Server+-+Phoronix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Darticle%26item%3Dx_server_contributors%26num%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Red_Hat_contributions#Xorg">"Red Hat contributions - Fedora Project Wiki"</a>. <i>fedoraproject.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fedoraproject.org&rft.atitle=Red+Hat+contributions+-+Fedora+Project+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffedoraproject.org%2Fwiki%2FRed_Hat_contributions%23Xorg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.redhat.com/products/developertoolset/overview">"Red Hat Developer Toolset"</a>. <i>Red Hat Developer</i>. November 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Red+Hat+Developer&rft.atitle=Red+Hat+Developer+Toolset&rft.date=2018-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopers.redhat.com%2Fproducts%2Fdevelopertoolset%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118223045/https://www.redhat.com/cms/managed-files/red-hat-developer-toolset-techbrief-v2-inc0329727lw-201605-en.pdf">"Red Hat Developer Toolset: Technology Brief"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Red Hat. 2015. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/cms/managed-files/red-hat-developer-toolset-techbrief-v2-inc0329727lw-201605-en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2016</span>. <q>Red Hat Developer Toolset is for developers on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux platform. It is a set of development and performance analysis tools that can be installed and used on multiple versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. 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November 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Red+Hat+Developer&rft.atitle=Red+Hat+Software+Collections+Overview&rft.date=2018-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopers.redhat.com%2Fproducts%2Fsoftwarecollections%2Foverview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150114183356/http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/9/html/Installation_Guide/sn-disk-druid.html">"Disk Druid"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/9/html/Installation_Guide/sn-disk-druid.html">the original</a> on January 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2007</span>. <q>Open source leader enables a low-cost path to service-oriented architectures</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Red+Hat+Completes+Acquisition+of+JBoss&rft.date=2006-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fpress-archive%2F2006%2F6%2Fjboss-final&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129224744/http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/Red_Hat_Inc_acquires_MetaMatrix_Inc-1861838020">"Red Hat Inc acquires MetaMatrix Inc (2007/06/06)"</a>. Thomson Financial. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/Red_Hat_Inc_acquires_MetaMatrix_Inc-1861838020">the original</a> on January 29, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Inc+acquires+MetaMatrix+Inc+%282007%2F06%2F06%29&rft.pub=Thomson+Financial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alacrastore.com%2Fstorecontent%2FThomson_M%2526A%2FRed_Hat_Inc_acquires_MetaMatrix_Inc-1861838020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhat.com/about/news/prarchive/2007/telco.html">"Red Hat Expands Footprint in Telecommunications to Support Next-Generation Communications"</a>. Red Hat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Expands+Footprint+in+Telecommunications+to+Support+Next-Generation+Communications&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fprarchive%2F2007%2Ftelco.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207070709/http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/Red_Hat_Inc_acquires_Amentra_Inc-1960695020">"Red Hat Inc acquires Amentra Inc (2008/03/13)"</a>. Thomson Financial. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/Red_Hat_Inc_acquires_Amentra_Inc-1960695020">the original</a> on February 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Inc+acquires+Amentra+Inc+%282008%2F03%2F13%29&rft.pub=Thomson+Financial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alacrastore.com%2Fstorecontent%2FThomson_M%2526A%2FRed_Hat_Inc_acquires_Amentra_Inc-1960695020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhat.com/about/companyprofile/history/">"Red Hat History"</a>. Red Hat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+History&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fabout%2Fcompanyprofile%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416140544/http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/Red_Hat_Inc_acquires_Qumranet_Inc-2009562020">"Red Hat Inc acquires Qumranet Inc (2008/09/04)"</a>. Thomson Financial. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/Red_Hat_Inc_acquires_Qumranet_Inc-2009562020">the original</a> on April 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Inc+acquires+Qumranet+Inc+%282008%2F09%2F04%29&rft.pub=Thomson+Financial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alacrastore.com%2Fstorecontent%2FThomson_M%2526A%2FRed_Hat_Inc_acquires_Qumranet_Inc-2009562020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhat.com/about/news/prarchive/2010/makara.html">"Red Hat Accelerates PaaS Strategy with Acquisition of Makara"</a>. Red Hat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Accelerates+PaaS+Strategy+with+Acquisition+of+Makara&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fprarchive%2F2010%2Fmakara.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530203435/http://www.redhat.com/promo/storage/press-release.html">"Red Hat to Acquire Gluster"</a>. Red Hat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhat.com/promo/storage/press-release.html">the original</a> on May 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+to+Acquire+Gluster&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fpromo%2Fstorage%2Fpress-release.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/about/news/press-archive/2012/6/red-hat-to-acquire-fusesource">"Red Hat to Acquire FuseSource"</a>. Red Hat. June 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+to+Acquire+FuseSource&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2012-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fpress-archive%2F2012%2F6%2Fred-hat-to-acquire-fusesource&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/about/news/press-archive/2012/8/red-hat-acquires-bpm-technology-from-polymita">"Red Hat Acquires BPM Technology from Polymita"</a>. Red Hat. August 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Acquires+BPM+Technology+from+Polymita&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2012-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fpress-archive%2F2012%2F8%2Fred-hat-acquires-bpm-technology-from-polymita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130102175430/https://www.redhat.com/about/news/press-archive/2012/12/red-hat-signs-definitive-agreement-to-acquire-manageiq">"Red Hat Signs Definitive Agreement to Acquire ManageIQ"</a>. Red Hat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhat.com/about/news/press-archive/2012/12/red-hat-signs-definitive-agreement-to-acquire-manageiq">the original</a> on January 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Signs+Definitive+Agreement+to+Acquire+ManageIQ&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fpress-archive%2F2012%2F12%2Fred-hat-signs-definitive-agreement-to-acquire-manageiq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2014-January/020100.html">"CentOS Project joins forces with Red Hat"</a>. Red Hat. January 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CentOS+Project+joins+forces+with+Red+Hat&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2014-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flists.centos.org%2Fpipermail%2Fcentos-announce%2F2014-January%2F020100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhat.com/about/news/press-archive/2014/1/red-hat-and-centos-join-forces">"Red Hat and the CentOS Project Join Forces to Speed Open Source Innovation"</a>. CentOS mailing list. January 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+and+the+CentOS+Project+Join+Forces+to+Speed+Open+Source+Innovation&rft.pub=CentOS+mailing+list&rft.date=2014-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fpress-archive%2F2014%2F1%2Fred-hat-and-centos-join-forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501235626/http://www.redhat.com/about/news/press-archive/2014/4/red-hat-to-acquire-inktank-provider-of-ceph">"Red Hat to Acquire Inktank, Provider of Ceph"</a>. Red Hat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhat.com/about/news/press-archive/2014/4/red-hat-to-acquire-inktank-provider-of-ceph">the original</a> on May 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+to+Acquire+Inktank%2C+Provider+of+Ceph&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fpress-archive%2F2014%2F4%2Fred-hat-to-acquire-inktank-provider-of-ceph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhat.com/about/news/press-archive/2014/6/red-hat-to-acquire-enovance">"Red Hat to Acquire eNovance, a Leader in OpenStack Integration Services"</a>. Red Hat. June 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+to+Acquire+eNovance%2C+a+Leader+in+OpenStack+Integration+Services&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fpress-archive%2F2014%2F6%2Fred-hat-to-acquire-enovance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-acquire-feedhenry-adds-enterprise-mobile-application-platform">"Red Hat to Acquire FeedHenry, Adds Enterprise Mobile Application Platform"</a>. Red Hat. September 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+to+Acquire+FeedHenry%2C+Adds+Enterprise+Mobile+Application+Platform&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fred-hat-acquire-feedhenry-adds-enterprise-mobile-application-platform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-acquire-it-automation-and-devops-leader-ansible">"Red Hat to Acquire IT Automation and DevOps Leader Ansible"</a>. Red Hat. October 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+to+Acquire+IT+Automation+and+DevOps+Leader+Ansible&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2015-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fred-hat-acquire-it-automation-and-devops-leader-ansible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-acquire-api-management-leader-3scale">"Red Hat to Acquire API Management Leader 3scale"</a>. Red Hat. June 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+to+Acquire+API+Management+Leader+3scale&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2016-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fred-hat-acquire-api-management-leader-3scale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-acquire-codenvy-provider-agile-and-cloud-native-development-tools">"Red Hat to Acquire Codenvy, Provider of Agile and Cloud-Native Development Tools"</a>. Red Hat. May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+to+Acquire+Codenvy%2C+Provider+of+Agile+and+Cloud-Native+Development+Tools&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2017-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fred-hat-acquire-codenvy-provider-agile-and-cloud-native-development-tools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-acquires-permabit-assets-eases-barriers-cloud-portability-data-deduplication-technology">"Red Hat Acquires Permabit Assets, Eases Barriers to Cloud Portability with Data Deduplication Technology"</a>. Red Hat. July 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Acquires+Permabit+Assets%2C+Eases+Barriers+to+Cloud+Portability+with+Data+Deduplication+Technology&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2017-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fred-hat-acquires-permabit-assets-eases-barriers-cloud-portability-data-deduplication-technology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-acquire-coreos-expanding-its-kubernetes-and-containers-leadership">"Red Hat to Acquire CoreOS, Expanding its Kubernetes and Containers Leadership"</a>. Red Hat. January 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+to+Acquire+CoreOS%2C+Expanding+its+Kubernetes+and+Containers+Leadership&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2018-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fred-hat-acquire-coreos-expanding-its-kubernetes-and-containers-leadership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-acquires-hybrid-cloud-data-management-provider-noobaa">"Red Hat Acquires Hybrid Cloud Data Management Provider NooBaa"</a>. Red Hat. November 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Acquires+Hybrid+Cloud+Data+Management+Provider+NooBaa&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fred-hat-acquires-hybrid-cloud-data-management-provider-noobaa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-acquire-kubernetes-native-security-leader-stackrox">"Red Hat to Acquire Kubernetes-Native Security Leader StackRox"</a>. <i>www.redhat.com</i>. January 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.redhat.com&rft.atitle=Red+Hat+to+Acquire+Kubernetes-Native+Security+Leader+StackRox&rft.date=2021-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fred-hat-acquire-kubernetes-native-security-leader-stackrox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928125204/http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M&A/Intel_Corp_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-828823020">"Intel Corp acquires a minority stake in Red Hat Inc (1998/12/14)"</a>. Thomson Financial. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M&A/Intel_Corp_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-828823020">the original</a> on September 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel+Corp+acquires+a+minority+stake+in+Red+Hat+Inc+%281998%2F12%2F14%29&rft.pub=Thomson+Financial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alacrastore.com%2Fstorecontent%2FThomson_M%26A%2FIntel_Corp_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-828823020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928131957/http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M&A/Compaq_Computer_Corp_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-859986020">"Compaq Computer Corp acquires a minority stake in Red Hat Inc (1999/03/09)"</a>. Thomson Financial. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M&A/Compaq_Computer_Corp_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-859986020">the original</a> on September 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Compaq+Computer+Corp+acquires+a+minority+stake+in+Red+Hat+Inc+%281999%2F03%2F09%29&rft.pub=Thomson+Financial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alacrastore.com%2Fstorecontent%2FThomson_M%26A%2FCompaq_Computer_Corp_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-859986020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101002133303/http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/IBM_Corp_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-859978020">"IBM Corp acquires a minority stake in Red Hat Inc (1999/03/09)"</a>. Thomson Financial. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M&A/IBM_Corp_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-859978020">the original</a> on October 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Corp+acquires+a+minority+stake+in+Red+Hat+Inc+%281999%2F03%2F09%29&rft.pub=Thomson+Financial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alacrastore.com%2Fstorecontent%2FThomson_M%26A%2FIBM_Corp_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-859978020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523112459/http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/Novell_Inc_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-859992020">"Novell Inc acquires a minority stake in Red Hat Inc (1999/03/09)"</a>. Thomson Financial. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M&A/Novell_Inc_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-859992020">the original</a> on May 23, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novell+Inc+acquires+a+minority+stake+in+Red+Hat+Inc+%281999%2F03%2F09%29&rft.pub=Thomson+Financial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alacrastore.com%2Fstorecontent%2FThomson_M%26A%2FNovell_Inc_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Red_Hat_Inc-859992020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Hat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/WildFly" title="WildFly">WildFly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Machine_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual Machine Manager">Virtual Machine Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceph_(software)" title="Ceph (software)">Ceph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_(software)" title="Satellite (software)">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Protocol_for_Independent_Computing_Environments" title="Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environments">Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansible_(software)" title="Ansible (software)">Ansible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Network" title="Red Hat Network">Network</a></li> <li><a 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Whitehurst" title="Jim Whitehurst">Jim Whitehurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Szulik" title="Matthew Szulik">Matthew Szulik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Young_(businessman)" title="Bob Young (businessman)">Bob Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Ewing" title="Marc Ewing">Marc Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tiemann" title="Michael Tiemann">Michael Tiemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cormier_(engineer)" title="Paul Cormier (engineer)">Paul Cormier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mergers and acquisitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C2Net" title="C2Net">C2Net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Solutions" title="Cygnus Solutions">Cygnus Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluster" title="Gluster">Gluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inktank_Storage" title="Inktank Storage">Inktank Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetaMatrix" title="MetaMatrix">MetaMatrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumranet" title="Qumranet">Qumranet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Certification_Program" title="Red Hat Certification Program">Certification Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_derivatives" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux derivatives">Enterprise Linux derivatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Tower" title="Red Hat Tower">Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Linux_distributions729" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linux_distributions" title="Template:Linux distributions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linux_distributions" title="Template talk:Linux distributions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linux_distributions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linux distributions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Linux_distributions729" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LineageOS" title="LineageOS">LineageOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//e/_(operating_system)" title="/e/ (operating system)">/e/</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CalyxOS" title="CalyxOS">CalyxOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrDroid" title="CrDroid">CrDroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iod%C3%A9OS" title="IodéOS">iodéOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicant_(operating_system)" title="Replicant (operating system)">Replicant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android-x86" title="Android-x86">Android-x86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android-x86#Project_Celadon" title="Android-x86">Celadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorOS" title="ColorOS">ColorOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_OS" title="Fire OS">Fire OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GrapheneOS" title="GrapheneOS">GrapheneOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiOS" title="HiOS">HiOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_UI" title="One UI">One UI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranoid_Android_(operating_system)" title="Paranoid Android (operating system)">Paranoid Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_Remix_OS" title="Resurrection Remix OS">Resurrection Remix OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniROM" title="OmniROM">OmniROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XOS_(operating_system)" title="XOS (operating system)">XOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaomi_HyperOS" title="Xiaomi HyperOS">Xiaomi HyperOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArchBang" title="ArchBang">ArchBang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artix_Linux" title="Artix Linux">Artix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackArch" title="BlackArch">BlackArch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EndeavourOS" title="EndeavourOS">EndeavourOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frugalware_Linux" title="Frugalware Linux">Frugalware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Linux" title="Garuda Linux">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbola_GNU/Linux-libre" title="Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre">Hyperbola GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinHES" title="LinHES">LinHES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjaro" title="Manjaro">Manjaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabola_GNU/Linux-libre" title="Parabola GNU/Linux-libre">Parabola GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a> (3.0 onwards)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SystemRescue" title="SystemRescue">SystemRescue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Official: <a href="/wiki/Edubuntu" title="Edubuntu">Edubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubuntu" title="Kubuntu">Kubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubuntu" title="Lubuntu">Lubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Budgie" title="Ubuntu Budgie">Ubuntu Budgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Cinnamon" title="Ubuntu Cinnamon">Ubuntu Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Kylin" title="Ubuntu Kylin">Ubuntu Kylin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_MATE" title="Ubuntu MATE">Ubuntu MATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Studio" title="Ubuntu Studio">Ubuntu Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Unity" title="Ubuntu Unity">Ubuntu Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xubuntu" title="Xubuntu">Xubuntu</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Derivatives: <a href="/wiki/BackBox" title="BackBox">BackBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Linux" title="Bodhi Linux">Bodhi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_OS" title="Elementary OS">elementary OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmabunt%C3%BCs" title="Emmabuntüs">Emmabuntüs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_neon" title="KDE neon">KDE neon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freespire" title="Freespire">Freespire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Lite" title="Linux Lite">Linux Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Mint" title="Linux Mint">Linux Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXLE_Linux" title="LXLE Linux">LXLE Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(operating_system)" title="Nova (operating system)">Nova OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppermint_OS" title="Peppermint OS">Peppermint OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop!_OS" title="Pop! OS">Pop! OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisquel" title="Trisquel">Trisquel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruk_GNU/Linux" title="Uruk GNU/Linux">Uruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubuntu" title="Wubuntu">Wubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorin_OS" title="Zorin OS">Zorin OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AntiX" title="AntiX">antiX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Linux" title="Astra Linux">Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Operating_System_Solutions" title="Bharat Operating System Solutions">Bharat Operating System Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlankOn_Linux" title="BlankOn Linux">BlankOn Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_OS" title="Commodore OS">Commodore OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damn_Small_Linux" title="Damn Small Linux">Damn Small Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepin" title="Deepin">deepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devuan" title="Devuan">Devuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elive" title="Elive">Elive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endless_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Endless OS">Endless OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomBox" title="FreedomBox">FreedomBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisen_Linux" title="Kaisen Linux">Kaisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Linux" title="Kali Linux">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanotix" title="Kanotix">Kanotix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoppix" title="Knoppix">Knoppix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX_Linux" title="MX Linux">MX Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrot_OS" title="Parrot OS">Parrot OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi_OS" title="Raspberry Pi OS">Raspberry Pi OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q4OS" title="Q4OS">Q4OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slax" title="Slax">Slax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SparkyLinux" title="SparkyLinux">SparkyLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolydXK" title="SolydXK">SolydXK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tails_(operating_system)" title="Tails (operating system)">Tails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Operating_System" title="Unity Operating System">UOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whonix" title="Whonix">Whonix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CentOS_Stream" title="CentOS Stream">CentOS Stream</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlmaLinux" title="AlmaLinux">AlmaLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EulerOS" title="EulerOS">EulerOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Linux" title="Miracle Linux">MIRACLE LINUX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Linux" title="Oracle Linux">Oracle Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Linux" title="Rocky Linux">Rocky Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asahi_Linux" title="Asahi Linux">Asahi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Security_Toolkit" title="Network Security Toolkit">Network Security Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobara_Linux" title="Nobara Linux">Nobara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubes_OS" title="Qubes OS">Qubes OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Star_OS" title="Red Star OS">Red Star OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculate_Linux" title="Calculate Linux">Calculate Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromiumOS" title="ChromiumOS">ChromiumOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentoo" title="Pentoo">Pentoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandrake_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandrake Linux">Mandrake</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALT_Linux" title="ALT Linux">ALT Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCLinuxOS" title="PCLinuxOS">PCLinuxOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandriva_Linux" title="Mandriva Linux">Mandriva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mageia" title="Mageia">Mageia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenMandriva_Lx" title="OpenMandriva Lx">OpenMandriva Lx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROSA_Linux" title="ROSA Linux">ROSA Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slackware" title="Slackware">Slackware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrumi_Linux" title="Austrumi Linux">Austrumi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteus_(operating_system)" title="Porteus (operating system)">Porteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salix_OS" title="Salix OS">Salix OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slax" title="Slax">Slax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenwalk" title="Zenwalk">Zenwalk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux">SUSE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenSUSE" title="OpenSUSE">openSUSE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux_Enterprise" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise">SUSE Linux Enterprise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_Enterprise_Server" title="Open Enterprise Server">Open Enterprise Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeckoLinux" title="GeckoLinux">GeckoLinux</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4MLinux" title="4MLinux">4MLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Linux" title="Alpine Linux">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHAOS_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHAOS (operating system)">CHAOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_Linux" title="Chimera Linux">Chimera Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Linux_OS" title="Clear Linux OS">Clear Linux OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRUX" title="CRUX">CRUX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwort_Linux" title="Kwort Linux">Kwort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoboLinux" title="GoboLinux">GoboLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Guix_System" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU Guix System">Guix SD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KaiOS" title="KaiOS">KaiOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KaOS" title="KaOS">KaOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NixOS" title="NixOS">NixOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_Linux" title="Puppy Linux">Puppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Mage" title="Source Mage">Source Mage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solus_(operating_system)" title="Solus (operating system)">Solus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T2_SDE" title="T2 SDE">T2 SDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Core_Linux" title="Tiny Core Linux">Tiny Core Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Void_Linux" title="Void Linux">Void</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Discontinued</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CyanogenMod" title="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DivestOS" title="DivestOS">DivestOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIUI" title="MIUI">MIUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PixelExperience" title="PixelExperience">PixelExperience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix_OS" title="Remix OS">Remix OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArchLabs" title="ArchLabs">ArchLabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antergos" title="Antergos">Antergos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(operating_system)" title="Chakra (operating system)">Chakra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ubuntu: <a href="/wiki/Asturix" title="Asturix">Asturix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lab_Linux" title="Black Lab Linux">Black Lab Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cub_Linux" title="Cub Linux">Cub Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobuntu" title="Gobuntu">Gobuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOS_(operating_system)" title="GOS (operating system)">gOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Caixa_M%C3%A1gica" title="Linux Caixa Mágica">Linux Caixa Mágica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinuxTLE" title="LinuxTLE">LinuxTLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinguy_OS" title="Pinguy OS">Pinguy OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabily" title="Sabily">Sabily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_GNOME" title="Ubuntu GNOME">Ubuntu GNOME</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other derivatives: <a href="/wiki/BackTrack" title="BackTrack">BackTrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corel_Linux" title="Corel Linux">Corel Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrunchBang_Linux" title="CrunchBang Linux">CrunchBang Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoudouLinux" title="DoudouLinux">DoudouLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamlinux" title="Dreamlinux">Dreamlinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Feather Linux">Feather Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNewSense" title="GNewSense">gNewSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HandyLinux" title="HandyLinux">HandyLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libranet" title="Libranet">Libranet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musix_GNU%2BLinux" title="Musix GNU+Linux">Musix GNU+Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsix" title="Parsix">Parsix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a> (1.0–2.0)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwah_Linux" title="Sunwah Linux">Sunwah Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Container_Linux" title="Container Linux">Container Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabayon_Linux" title="Sabayon Linux">Sabayon Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XB_Machine" title="XB Machine">xB Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BLAG_Linux_and_GNU" title="BLAG Linux and GNU">BLAG Linux and GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClearOS" title="ClearOS">ClearOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linpus_Linux" title="Linpus Linux">Linpus Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korora_(operating_system)" title="Korora (operating system)">Korora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_for_PlayStation_2" title="Linux for PlayStation 2">Linux for PlayStation 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Linux" title="Scientific Linux">Scientific Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocks_Cluster_Distribution" title="Rocks Cluster Distribution">Rocks Cluster Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_Blue_Linux" title="Think Blue Linux">Think Blue Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbolinux" title="Turbolinux">Turbolinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_Linux" title="Vine Linux">Vine Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Dog_Linux" title="Yellow Dog Linux">Yellow Dog Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slackware" title="Slackware">Slackware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Linux" title="Absolute Linux">Absolute Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioSLAX" title="BioSLAX">BioSLAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damn_Vulnerable_Linux" title="Damn Vulnerable Linux">Damn Vulnerable Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KateOS" title="KateOS">KateOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongoni_(operating_system)" title="Kongoni (operating system)">Kongoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NimbleX" title="NimbleX">NimbleX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platypux" title="Platypux">Platypux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TopologiLinux" title="TopologiLinux">TopologiLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VectorLinux" title="VectorLinux">VectorLinux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux">SUSE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Studio" title="SUSE Studio">SUSE Studio Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera_OpenLinux" title="Caldera OpenLinux">Caldera OpenLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DemoLinux" title="DemoLinux">DemoLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar_Linux" title="Familiar Linux">Familiar Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS#B2G_OS" title="Firefox OS">B2G OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppyfw" title="Floppyfw">Floppyfw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foresight_Linux" title="Foresight Linux">Foresight Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunix" title="Immunix">Immunix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurix" title="Jurix">Jurix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Router_Project" title="Linux Router Project">Linux Router Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCC_Interim_Linux" title="MCC Interim Linux">MCC Interim Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mer_(software_distribution)" title="Mer (software distribution)">Mer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilinux" title="Mobilinux">Mobilinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitix" title="Nitix">Nitix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenELEC" title="OpenELEC">OpenELEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softlanding_Linux_System" title="Softlanding Linux System">Softlanding Linux System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splashtop_OS" title="Splashtop OS">Splashtop OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkix" title="Turkix">Turkix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions" title="List of Linux distributions">List</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/12px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/19px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/25px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_na_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-article page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/16px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/23px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/31px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of Linux distributions">Comparison</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Linux_distributions" title="Category:Linux distributions">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="IBM941" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM" title="Template:IBM"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IBM" title="Template talk:IBM"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IBM" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IBM"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="IBM941" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_IBM" title="History of IBM">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_IBM" title="History of IBM">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_IBM" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by IBM">Mergers and acquisitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_the_IBM_PC_business_by_Lenovo" title="Acquisition of the IBM PC business by Lenovo">PC business acquisition by Lenovo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IBM_products" title="List of IBM products">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_mainframe" title="IBM mainframe">Mainframe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Z" title="IBM Z">IBM Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Power_microprocessors" title="IBM Power microprocessors">Power microprocessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Power_Systems" title="IBM Power Systems">Power Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_storage" title="IBM storage">Storage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_FlashSystem" title="IBM FlashSystem">FlashSystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_DS8000_series" title="IBM DS8000 series">DS8000</a></li></ul></li> <li>Quantum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Q_System_One" title="IBM Q System One">Q System One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Q_System_Two" title="IBM Q System Two">Q System Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Eagle" title="IBM Eagle">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Osprey" title="IBM Osprey">Osprey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Heron" title="IBM Heron">Heron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Condor" title="IBM Condor">Condor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Blue_Gene" title="IBM Blue Gene">Blue Gene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(processor)" title="Cell (processor)">Cell microprocessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrange_computer" title="Midrange computer">Midrange computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">Personal Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Selectric" title="IBM Selectric">Selectric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThinkPad" title="ThinkPad">ThinkPad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_Design_System" title="Carbon Design System">Carbon Design System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloudant" title="Cloudant">Cloudant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cognos_Analytics" title="IBM Cognos Analytics">Cognos Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Connections" title="HCL Connections">Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Reduction_Utilising_Statistical_History" title="Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History">Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILOG" title="ILOG">ILOG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Information_Management_Software" title="IBM Information Management Software">Information Management Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Software" title="Lotus Software">Lotus Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_IBM_mainframe_operating_systems" title="History of IBM mainframe operating systems">Mainframe operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Mashup_Center" title="IBM Mashup Center">Mashup Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Planning_Analytics" title="IBM Planning Analytics">Planning Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_PureQuery" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PureQuery">PureQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Quantum_Platform" title="IBM Quantum Platform">Quantum Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qiskit" title="Qiskit">Qiskit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenQASM" title="OpenQASM">OpenQASM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Software" title="Rational Software">Rational Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPSS" title="SPSS">SPSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivoli_Software" title="Tivoli Software">Tivoli Software</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tivoli_Service_Automation_Manager" title="Tivoli Service Automation Manager">Service Automation Manager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Watson" title="IBM Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Watsonx" title="IBM Watsonx">Watsonx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Granite" title="IBM Granite">Granite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_WebSphere" title="IBM WebSphere">WebSphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apptio" title="Apptio">Apptio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Center_for_The_Business_of_Government" title="IBM Center for The Business of Government">Center for The Business of Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Consulting" title="IBM Consulting">Consulting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Promontory_Financial_Group" title="Promontory Financial Group">Promontory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenexa" title="Kenexa">Kenexa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_subsidiaries_of_IBM" title="List of international subsidiaries of IBM">International subsidiaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_India" title="IBM India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Press" title="IBM Press">Press</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Red Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Research" title="IBM Research">Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdStar" title="AdStar">AdStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaleida_Labs" title="Kaleida Labs">Kaleida Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambra_Computer_Corporation" title="Ambra Computer Corporation">Ambra Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognos" title="Cognos">Cognos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EduQuest" title="EduQuest">EduQuest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyndryl" title="Kyndryl">Kyndryl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexmark" title="Lexmark">Lexmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merative" title="Merative">Merative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Microelectronics" title="IBM Microelectronics">Microelectronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Product_Center" title="IBM Product Center">Product Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Research_Associates" title="Science Research Associates">Science Research Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Bureau_Corporation" title="Service Bureau Corporation">Service Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Company" title="The Weather Company">The Weather Company</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground_(weather_service)" title="Weather Underground (weather service)">Weather Underground</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Towers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1250_Ren%C3%A9-L%C3%A9vesque" title="1250 René-Lévesque">1250 René-Lévesque</a>, Montreal, QC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Atlantic_Center" title="One Atlantic Center">One Atlantic Center</a>, Atlanta, GA</li></ul></li> <li>Software Labs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Rome_Software_Lab" title="IBM Rome Software Lab">Rome Software Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Toronto_Software_Lab" title="IBM Toronto Software Lab">Toronto Software Lab</a></li></ul></li> <li>IBM Buildings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/330_North_Wabash" title="330 North Wabash">330 North Wabash</a>, Chicago, IL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Building,_Honolulu" title="IBM Building, Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1200_Fifth" title="1200 Fifth">Seattle</a></li></ul></li> <li>Facilities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center" title="Thomas J. Watson Research Center">Thomas J. Watson Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Hakozaki_Facility" title="IBM Hakozaki Facility">Hakozaki Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Yamato_Facility" title="IBM Yamato Facility">Yamato Facility</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Scientific_Center" title="Cambridge Scientific Center">Cambridge Scientific Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Hursley" title="IBM Hursley">IBM Hursley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Canada_Head_Office_Building" title="IBM Canada Head Office Building">Canada Head Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Rochester" title="IBM Rochester">IBM Rochester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Academy of Technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Deep_Thunder" title="IBM Deep Thunder">Deep Thunder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Develothon" title="Develothon">Develothon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Fellow" title="IBM Fellow">Fellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM%27s_The_Great_Mind_Challenge" title="IBM's The Great Mind Challenge">The Great Mind Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Technology_Center" title="Linux Technology Center">Linux Technology Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_SkillsBuild" title="IBM SkillsBuild">SkillsBuild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarter_Planet" title="Smarter Planet">Smarter Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Virtual_Universe_Community" title="IBM Virtual Universe Community">Virtual Universe Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Community_Grid" title="World Community Grid">World Community Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Think_conference" title="IBM Think conference">Think conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">Automated teller machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynefin_framework" title="Cynefin framework">Cynefin framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keypunch" title="Keypunch">Electronic keypunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">Magnetic stripe card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_model" title="Relational model">Relational model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabre_(travel_reservation_system)" title="Sabre (travel reservation system)">Sabre airline reservation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscope" title="Scanning tunneling microscope">Scanning tunneling microscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swap_(finance)" title="Swap (finance)">Financial swaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Product_Code" title="Universal Product Code">Universal Product Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Blue">Big Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Processing_Workload" title="Commercial Processing Workload">Commercial Processing Workload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customer_engineer" title="Customer engineer">Customer engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globally_integrated_enterprise" title="Globally integrated enterprise">Globally integrated enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_business" title="Electronic business">e-business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_(slogan)" title="Think (slogan)">Think slogan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IBM_CEOs" title="List of IBM CEOs">CEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson" title="Thomas J. Watson">Thomas J. Watson</a> (1914–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Jr." title="Thomas J. Watson Jr.">Thomas Watson Jr.</a> (1956–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Vincent_Learson" title="T. Vincent Learson">T. Vincent Learson</a> (1971–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_T._Cary" title="Frank T. Cary">Frank T. Cary</a> (1973–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Opel" title="John R. Opel">John R. Opel</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fellows_Akers" title="John Fellows Akers">John Fellows Akers</a> (1985–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Gerstner" title="Lou Gerstner">Louis V. Gerstner Jr.</a> (1993–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Palmisano" title="Samuel J. Palmisano">Samuel J. Palmisano</a> (2002–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Rometty" title="Ginni Rometty">Ginni Rometty</a> (2012–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Krishna" title="Arvind Krishna">Arvind Krishna</a> (since 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of<br />directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Buberl" title="Thomas Buberl">Thomas Buberl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farr_(businessman)" title="David Farr (businessman)">David Farr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Gorsky" title="Alex Gorsky">Alex Gorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Howard" title="Michelle Howard">Michelle J. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Krishna" title="Arvind Krishna">Arvind Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Liveris" title="Andrew Liveris">Andrew Liveris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_E._Pollack" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha E. Pollack">Martha E. Pollack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Swedish" title="Joseph R. Swedish">Joseph R. Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Voser" title="Peter Voser">Peter R. Voser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Boy_and_His_Atom" title="A Boy and His Atom">A Boy and His Atom</a></i></li> <li>Big Blue sports teams <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Big_Blue_(X-League)" title="IBM Big Blue (X-League)">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Big_Blue_(rugby_union)" title="IBM Big Blue (rugby union)">Rugby union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Public_License" title="Common Public License">Common Public License</a>/<a href="/wiki/IBM_Public_License" title="IBM Public License">IBM Public License</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wallace_v._International_Business_Machines_Corp." title="Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp.">Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp.</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Thought_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Thought (chess computer)">Deep Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_infrastructure" title="Dynamic infrastructure">Dynamic infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUIDE_International" title="GUIDE International">GUIDE International</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IBM_and_the_Holocaust" title="IBM and the Holocaust">IBM and the Holocaust</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_international_chess_tournament" title="IBM international chess tournament">International chess tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(cipher)" title="Lucifer (cipher)">Lucifer cipher</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mathematica:_A_World_of_Numbers..._and_Beyond" title="Mathematica: A World of Numbers... and Beyond">Mathematica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Plex" title="IBM Plex">IBM Plex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHARE_(computing)" title="SHARE (computing)">SHARE computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScicomP" title="ScicomP">ScicomP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_and_unions" title="IBM and unions">Unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:IBM" title="Category:IBM">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/IBM" class="extiw" title="commons:IBM">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485593#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1228" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485593#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485593#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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