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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residential_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Residential areas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residential_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Lebanon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanitarian_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanitarian_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Humanitarian aid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanitarian_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flour_massacre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flour_massacre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 Flour massacre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flour_massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Central_Kitchen_drone_strikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Central_Kitchen_drone_strikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.2 World Central Kitchen drone strikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Central_Kitchen_drone_strikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_executions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_executions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Summary executions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Summary_executions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Summary executions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Summary_executions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mass_graves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_graves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Mass graves </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_graves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Assassinations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_destruction_of_mosques,_churches,_cultural_and_historic_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_destruction_of_mosques,_churches,_cultural_and_historic_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Israeli destruction of mosques, churches, cultural and historic sites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_destruction_of_mosques,_churches,_cultural_and_historic_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destruction_of_cemeteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction_of_cemeteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Destruction of cemeteries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction_of_cemeteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collective_punishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collective_punishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Collective punishment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Collective_punishment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Collective punishment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Collective_punishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_access" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Water access </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Starvation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Starvation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Starvation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Starvation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violations_of_medical_neutrality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violations_of_medical_neutrality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Violations of medical neutrality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violations_of_medical_neutrality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protected_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Protected status </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Targeting_of_journalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Targeting_of_journalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Targeting of journalists </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Targeting_of_journalists-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Targeting of journalists subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Targeting_of_journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Killing_of_Issam_Abdallah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Killing_of_Issam_Abdallah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Killing of Issam Abdallah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Killing_of_Issam_Abdallah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forced_evacuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forced_evacuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Forced evacuation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forced_evacuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buffer_zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buffer_zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Buffer zone </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buffer_zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Looting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Looting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Looting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Looting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_theaters_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_theaters_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Additional theaters of war </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Additional_theaters_of_war-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Additional theaters of war subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Additional_theaters_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lebanon_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Lebanon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Killing_of_Lebanese_civilians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Killing_of_Lebanese_civilians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.1 Killing of Lebanese civilians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Killing_of_Lebanese_civilians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Targeting_of_journalists_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Targeting_of_journalists_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.2 Targeting of journalists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Targeting_of_journalists_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IDF's_use_of_white_phosphorus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IDF's_use_of_white_phosphorus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.3 IDF's use of white phosphorus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IDF's_use_of_white_phosphorus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Targeting_of_medical_and_religious_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Targeting_of_medical_and_religious_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.4 Targeting of medical and religious sites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Targeting_of_medical_and_religious_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_booby-trapped_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_booby-trapped_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.5 Use of booby-trapped devices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_booby-trapped_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Bank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Bank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 West Bank </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Bank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_white_phosphorus_on_civilians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_white_phosphorus_on_civilians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Use of white phosphorus on civilians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_white_phosphorus_on_civilians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Killing_of_surrendered_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Killing_of_surrendered_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Killing of surrendered people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Killing_of_surrendered_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Killing of surrendered people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Killing_of_surrendered_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Surrendered_Palestinians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surrendered_Palestinians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Surrendered Palestinians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surrendered_Palestinians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surrendered_Israeli_hostages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surrendered_Israeli_hostages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Surrendered Israeli hostages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surrendered_Israeli_hostages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perfidy_by_the_IDF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perfidy_by_the_IDF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Perfidy by the IDF </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perfidy_by_the_IDF-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Perfidy by the IDF subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Perfidy_by_the_IDF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israeli_forces_disguised_as_civilians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_forces_disguised_as_civilians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Israeli forces disguised as civilians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_forces_disguised_as_civilians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_human_shields" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_human_shields"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Use of human shields </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_human_shields-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abuse_and_humiliation_of_detainees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abuse_and_humiliation_of_detainees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Abuse and humiliation of detainees </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Abuse_and_humiliation_of_detainees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Abuse and humiliation of detainees subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Abuse_and_humiliation_of_detainees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sexual_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Sexual violence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Genocide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms_transfers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms_transfers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Arms transfers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms_transfers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 International reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1 Governments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heads_of_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heads_of_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1.1 Heads of state </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heads_of_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1.2 Foreign ministers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1.3 Other officials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanitarian_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanitarian_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.2 Humanitarian organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanitarian_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.3 United Nations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuits_and_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuits_and_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Lawsuits and investigations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lawsuits_and_investigations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Lawsuits and investigations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Lawsuits_and_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.1 Investigations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2 Lawsuits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ICC_lawsuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ICC_lawsuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2.1 ICC lawsuits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ICC_lawsuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ICJ_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ICJ_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2.2 ICJ lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ICJ_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CCR_lawsuit_against_Joe_Biden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CCR_lawsuit_against_Joe_Biden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2.3 CCR lawsuit against Joe Biden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CCR_lawsuit_against_Joe_Biden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hague_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hague_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2.4 Hague lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hague_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_Court_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Court_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2.5 High Court lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_Court_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Court_of_Australia_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Court_of_Australia_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2.6 Federal Court of Australia lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Court_of_Australia_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canadian_Global_Affairs_Ministry_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_Global_Affairs_Ministry_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2.7 Canadian Global Affairs Ministry lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_Global_Affairs_Ministry_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2.8 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 22 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 23 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 24 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Israeli war crimes during the Israel–Hamas war. For war crimes committed by all parties during the war, see <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war</a>. For Israeli war crimes committed since 1948, see <a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes" title="Israeli war crimes">Israeli war crimes</a>. For the case brought by South Africa before the International Court of Justice, see <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa's genocide case against Israel</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg/305px-World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg/458px-World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg/610px-World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen" title="World Central Kitchen">World Central Kitchen</a> car after <a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen_aid_convoy_attack" title="World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack">IDF strike</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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war"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Israel–Hamas war"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israel–Hamas_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Timeline of the Israel–Hamas war">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Outline of the Israel–Hamas war">Outline</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="List of military engagements during the Israel–Hamas war">Military engagements</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Re%27im" title="Battle of Re'im">Re'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sderot" title="Battle of Sderot">Sderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sufa" title="Battle of Sufa">Sufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Oz_attack" title="Nahal Oz attack">Nahal Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ofakim" title="Battle of Ofakim">Ofakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikim_attack" title="Zikim attack">Zikim</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Civilian attacks</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Re%27im_music_festival_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Re'im music festival massacre">Re'im music festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Shani_Louk" title="Killing of Shani Louk">Killing of Shani Louk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netiv_HaAsara_massacre" title="Netiv HaAsara massacre">Netiv HaAsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alumim_massacre" title="Alumim massacre">Alumim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%27eri_massacre" title="Be'eri massacre">Be'eri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Holit" title="Attack on Holit">Holit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Aza_massacre" title="Kfar Aza massacre">Kfar Aza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissufim_massacre" title="Kissufim massacre">Kissufim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Oz_attack" title="Nir Oz attack">Nir Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Yitzhak_attack" title="Nir Yitzhak attack">Nir Yitzhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirim_attack" title="Nirim attack">Nirim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="List of military engagements during the Israel–Hamas war">Military engagements</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beit_Hanoun" title="Battle of Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaza_City" title="Siege of Gaza City">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jabalia" title="Battle of Jabalia">Jabalia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Khan_Yunis" title="Siege of Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Al-Qarara" title="Siege of Al-Qarara">Al-Qarara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shuja%27iyya_(2023)" title="Battle of Shuja'iyya (2023)">Shuja'iyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuja%27iyya_ambush" title="Shuja'iyya ambush">Shuja'iyya ambush</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Shuja%27iyya_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Shuja'iyya (2024)">Shuja'iyya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Gaza_Strip" title="Insurgency in the North Gaza Strip">Insurgency in the North Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_City_incursion" title="Hamad City incursion">Hamad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zana_ambush" title="Zana ambush">Zana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_Khan_Yunis" title="Second battle of Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_battle_of_Khan_Yunis" title="Third battle of Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_North_Gaza" title="Siege of North Gaza">North Gaza</a></li> <li>West Bank <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_the_West_Bank_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Israel–Hamas war">Israeli incursions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_Tulkarm" title="Israeli incursions in Tulkarm">Tulkarm I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_military_operation_in_the_northern_West_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Israeli military operation in the northern West Bank">Operation Summer Camps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_July_2024_Tulkarm_confrontations" title="26 July 2024 Tulkarm confrontations">Tulkarm II</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Civilian attacks</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">Bombing of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_camp_airstrikes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Refugee camp airstrikes in the Israel–Hamas war">Refugee camps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabalia_refugee_camp_airstrikes_(2023%E2%80%932024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabalia refugee camp airstrikes (2023–2024)">Jabalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31_October_2023_Jabalia_refugee_camp_airstrike" title="31 October 2023 Jabalia refugee camp airstrike">31 October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fakhoora_school_airstrikes" title="Al-Fakhoora school airstrikes">Al-Fakhoora school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_refugee_camp_airstrikes" title="Al-Shati refugee camp airstrikes">Al-Shati refugee camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_attacks_on_Al-Maghazi_refugee_camp" title="Israeli attacks on Al-Maghazi refugee camp">Al-Maghazi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_schools_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on schools during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Schools</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Palestinians_evacuating_Gaza_City" title="Attacks on Palestinians evacuating Gaza City">Palestinians evacuating Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war">Health facilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital_explosion" title="Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion">Al-Ahli Arab Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital_siege" title="Al-Shifa Hospital siege">Al-Shifa Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_ambulance_airstrike" title="Al-Shifa ambulance airstrike">Ambulance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_Hospital_siege" title="Nasser Hospital siege">Nasser Hospital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_religious_sites_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on religious sites during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Attacks on religious sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_February_2024_Rafah_strikes" title="12 February 2024 Rafah strikes">Rafah strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_massacre" title="Flour massacre">Flour massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Roundabout_mass_killings" title="Kuwait Roundabout mass killings">Kuwait Roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_journalists_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Attacks on journalists during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Attack on journalists in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Friendly fire during the Israel–Hamas war">Friendly fire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alon_Shamriz,_Yotam_Haim,_and_Samer_Talalka" title="Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka">IDF killing of hostages in Shuja'iyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Sultan_attack" title="Tel al-Sultan attack">Tel al-Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="May 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sardi_school_attack" title="Al-Sardi school attack">Al-Sardi school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_refugee_camp_massacre" title="Nuseirat refugee camp massacre">Nuseirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="June 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (June)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_northern_Gaza_City_airstrikes" title="June 2024 northern Gaza City airstrikes">Al-Shati and Tuffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_July_2024_Gaza_attacks" title="9 July 2024 Gaza attacks">9 July 2024 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_School_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Awda School massacre">Al-Awda school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_July_2024_al-Mawasi_attack" title="13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack">Al-Mawasi (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2024_al-Shati_refugee_camp_attack" title="July 2024 al-Shati refugee camp attack">Al-Shati (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_July_2024_Khan_Yunis_attack" title="22 July 2024 Khan Yunis attack">Khan Yunis (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadija_School_airstrike" title="Khadija School airstrike">Khadija school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamama_School_bombing" title="Hamama School bombing">Hamama school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tabaeen_school_attack" title="Al-Tabaeen school attack">Al-Tabaeen school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Deir_el-Balah_attacks" title="August 2024 Deir el-Balah attacks">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (September)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Jawni_School_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Jawni School attack">Al-Jawni school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tulkarm_Camp_airstrike" title="2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike">Tulkarm Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Deir_al-Balah_mosque_bombing" title="October 2024 Deir al-Balah mosque bombing">Deir al-Balah mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Rufaida_school_attack" title="October 2024 Rufaida school attack">Rufaida school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Hospital_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Hospital massacre">Al-Aqsa hospital</a> (<a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Shaban_al-Dalou" title="Killing of Shaban al-Dalou">Killing of Shaban al-Dalou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Abu_Hussein_school_attack" title="October 2024 Abu Hussein school attack">Abu Hussein school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_October_2024_Beit_Lahia_attacks" title="19 October 2024 Beit Lahia attacks">Beit Lahia (19 October)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_October_2024_Beit_Lahia_airstrike" title="29 October 2024 Beit Lahia airstrike">Beit Lahia (29 October)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Israel–Hamas war">Other theaters</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_MV_Maersk_Hangzhou" title="Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou">Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_missile_strikes_in_Yemen" title="2024 missile strikes in Yemen">Operation Poseidon Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Luanda_missile_strike" title="Marlin Luanda missile strike">Marlin Luanda missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aspides" title="Operation Aspides">Operation Aspides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Rubymar" title="MV Rubymar">Sinking of the MV Rubymar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_MV_Tutor" title="Attacks on the MV Tutor">Attacks on the MV Tutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tel_Aviv_drone_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Tel Aviv drone attack">2024 Tel Aviv drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_2024_Israeli_attack_on_Yemen" title="20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen">20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_Sounion" title="Attacks on the Sounion">Attacks on the Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_September_2024_Israeli_attacks_on_Yemen" title="29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen">29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq,_Jordan,_and_Syria_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war">Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Syria, and Jordan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Iranian_missile_strikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria">Iranian airstrikes in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_22_drone_attack" title="Tower 22 drone attack">Tower 22 drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Homs_airstrikes" title="2024 Homs airstrikes">2024 Homs airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrike_on_the_Iranian_consulate_in_Damascus" title="Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus">Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Masyaf_raid" title="2024 Masyaf raid">2024 Masyaf raid</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon" title="2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon">Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Odaisseh_clashes" title="2024 Odaisseh clashes">Odaisseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maroun_al-Ras_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maroun al-Ras (2024)">Maroun al-Ras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ayta_ash_Shab_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Ayta ash Shab clashes">Ayta ash-Shab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kafr_Kila_clashes" title="2024 Kafr Kila clashes">Kafr Kila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ramyah_clashes" title="2024 Ramyah clashes">Ramyah</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2024 Iran–Israel conflict">2024 Iran–Israel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_assassinations" title="List of Israeli assassinations">Assassinations</a> and deaths of prominent individuals</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Marwan_Issa" title="Assassination of Marwan Issa">Marwan Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Fuad_Shukr" title="Assassination of Fuad Shukr">Fuad Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_September_2024_Beirut_attack" title="20 September 2024 Beirut attack">Ibrahim Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Hassan_Nasrallah" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Hashem_Safieddine" title="Assassination of Hashem Safieddine">Hashem Safieddine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Yahya_Sinwar" title="Killing of Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>See also</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Background to the Israel–Hamas war">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Diplomatic impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Diplomatic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Economic impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of the Israel–Hamas war">Effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Gaza humanitarian crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gaza_Strip_healthcare_collapse" title="Timeline of the Gaza Strip healthcare collapse">Healthcare collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_on_children_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Effect of the Israel–Hamas war on children in the Gaza Strip">Children</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Gaza_Strip_preterm_births" title="2023–2024 Gaza Strip preterm births">Premature babies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">Famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_hostage_crisis" title="Israel–Hamas war hostage crisis">Hostage crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_prisoner_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange">Prisoner exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_shields_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Human shields in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Human shields in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip">Israeli blockade of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_public_diplomacy_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israeli public diplomacy in the Israel–Hamas war">Israeli public diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_war_crimes" title="Hamas war crimes">Hamas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa v. Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war#Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory_report" title="Diplomatic impact of the Israel–Hamas war">War crimes and crimes against humanity report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Torture during the Israel–Hamas war">Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executions_and_assassinations_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Executions and assassinations during the Israel–Hamas war">Executions and assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_journalists_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Killing of journalists in the Israel–Hamas war">Killing of journalists in the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="List of journalists killed in the Israel–Hamas war">List of journalists killed in the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2023" title="List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2023">Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Wider regional conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_ceasefire" title="2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire">2023 ceasefire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calls_for_a_ceasefire_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Calls for a ceasefire during the Israel–Hamas war">Calls for a ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-phase_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_ceasefire_proposal" title="Three-phase Israel–Hamas war ceasefire proposal">Three-phase proposal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Antisemitism during the Israel–Hamas war">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Anti-Palestinianism during the Israel–Hamas war">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Mass detentions in the Israel–Hamas war">Mass detentions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war">Misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests" title="Israel–Hamas war protests">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses">university campuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Aysenur_Eygi" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Aysenur Eygi">Killing of Aysenur Eygi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_and_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Qatar and the Israel–Hamas war">Qatar and the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AI-assisted_targeting_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="AI-assisted targeting in the Gaza Strip">AI-assisted targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_mass_graves" title="Gaza Strip mass graves">Gaza Strip mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Eyes_on_Rafah" title="All Eyes on Rafah">All Eyes on Rafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_secret_document_leak_scandal" title="2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal">Israeli document leak scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli figures">ICC arrest warrants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gaza–Israel_conflict" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Template:Campaignbox Gaza–Israel conflict"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Gaza–Israel conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Gaza–Israel conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gaza–Israel_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrikes_on_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli airstrikes on the Gaza Strip">Israeli airstrikes on the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes" title="Israeli war crimes">Israeli war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_war_crimes" title="Hamas war crimes">Hamas war crimes</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Rafah_massacre" title="1956 Rafah massacre">1956 Rafah massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre" title="Khan Yunis massacre">Khan Yunis massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza_cross-border_raid" title="2006 Gaza cross-border raid">Gaza cross-border raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict">Summer Rains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun">Autumn Clouds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_shelling_of_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun">2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_breach_of_the_Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_border" title="2008 breach of the Egypt–Gaza border">Gaza–Egypt border breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter">Hot Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">2008–2009 Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2010_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_clashes" title="March 2010 Israel–Gaza clashes">March 2010 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">2010 Palestinian militancy campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">Southern Israel cross-border attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes">March 2012 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Gaza_War" title="2012 Gaza War">2012 Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Gaza War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shuja%27iyya_(2014)" title="Battle of Shuja'iyya (2014)">Shuja'iyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_war_beach_bombing_incidents" title="2014 Gaza war beach bombing incidents">Beach bombing incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deif_family_killings" title="Deif family killings">Deif family killings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">2018–2019 border protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">November 2018 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">May 2019 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">November 2019 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 Israel–Palestine crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes">2022 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes">May 2023 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">7 October attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> Since the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> in 2023, the Israeli military and authorities have been charged with committing <a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes" title="Israeli war crimes">war crimes</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Indiscriminate_attack" title="Indiscriminate attack">indiscriminate attacks</a> on civilians in densely populated areas (including <a href="/wiki/Israeli_bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip">bombings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war">hospitals and medical facilities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugee_camp_airstrikes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Refugee camp airstrikes in the Israel–Hamas war">refugee camps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_schools_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on schools during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">schools and educational institutions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_airstrikes_on_municipal_services_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israeli airstrikes on municipal services in the Gaza Strip">municipal services</a>); <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">genocide</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_evacuations" title="Gaza Strip evacuations">forced evacuations</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Torture during the Israel–Hamas war">torture</a> and executions of civilians; <a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_against_Palestinians_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinians during the Israel–Hamas war">sexual violence</a>; destruction of <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_2023_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the 2023 Israeli invasion of Gaza">cultural heritage</a>; <a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a>; and the mistreatment and torture of <a href="/wiki/Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Mass detentions in the Israel–Hamas war">Palestinian prisoners</a>. Humanitarian organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%27tselem" class="mw-redirect" title="B'tselem">B'tselem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a>, as well as human rights groups and experts, including the <a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory">UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_special_rapporteur" title="United Nations special rapporteur">United Nations special rapporteurs</a>, have documented these actions.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Israel has faced legal charges for its conduct in the war. At the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>, Israel was charged with <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">committing genocide in Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Powell_2024_g408-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In May 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court">Chief Prosecutor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> (ICC) stated that he was seeking arrest warrants against Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> and Israeli defence minister <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a> for war crimes and <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>, including using <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">starvation</a> as a weapon of war.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> While Israel has faced international condemnation for its alleged war crimes, it has also maintained continued support from the United States.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In October 2023, U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> indicated the <a href="/wiki/Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden administration">Biden administration</a> had no <a href="/wiki/Red_line_(phrase)" title="Red line (phrase)">red lines</a> for Israeli actions.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> As Israel's largest supplier of <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">military support</a>, the U.S. has been <a href="/wiki/Accusations_of_United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Accusations of United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">accused of complicity</a> in Israel's war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proportionality_and_distinction">Proportionality and distinction</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023.jpg/220px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023.jpg/330px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023.jpg/440px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Palestine Tower destroyed in Gaza, October 2023.</figcaption></figure> Israel's adherence to the principles of <a href="/wiki/Distinction_(law)" title="Distinction (law)">discrimination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proportionality_(law)#International_humanitarian_law" title="Proportionality (law)">proportionality</a> as required by the laws of war has been questioned.<a href="#cite_note-:03-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> has stated that the overall civilian death toll, and Israel's use of powerful weapons in Gaza's densely-populated neighbourhoods, raised "serious questions" about the legality of Israel's conduct.<a href="#cite_note-:13-10">[10]</a> Human Rights Watch further argued that a higher proportion of casualties among women and children is indicative of a lack of proportionality, demonstrating what they describe as "a disregard toward Palestinian lives".<a href="#cite_note-:13-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> accused Israel of war crimes in a report where it analyzed five incidents between 7 and 12 October where the IDF targeted residential areas in Gaza. It found that in several cases the IDF struck targets with no evidence of military activity and that these attacks were "indiscriminate" in nature. Anonymous IDF officials cited in a report by <a href="/wiki/%2B972_Magazine" title="+972 Magazine">+972 Magazine</a> indicated a "loosening of constraints" in the rules of engagement, and that in numerous cases the IDF struck targets despite no evidence of military activity. The report claims that the rationale behind such attacks was "to harm Palestinian civil society" and, according to one source cited by the report, to "lead civilians to put pressure on Hamas".<a href="#cite_note-972yuval-11">[11]</a> Experts cited by <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> argue that certain Israeli airstrikes show that Israel has a tolerance for civilian casualties "orders of magnitude greater" than that of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">US in its war against ISIS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> United Nations officials and human rights groups have argued that Israel has not done enough to protect civilians.<a href="#cite_note-:13-10">[10]</a> In March 2024, the United Nations said that more children were killed in Gaza in four months than in four years of worldwide wars.<a href="#cite_note-Nataliya-13">[13]</a> Philippe Lazzarini, head of the UN’s agency for Palestinian refugees, declared: "This war is a war on children".<a href="#cite_note-Nataliya-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_23.jpg/220px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_23.jpg/330px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_23.jpg/440px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Three men carry a dead woman to the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Hospital" title="Indonesia Hospital">Indonesia Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jabalia_refugee_camp" title="Jabalia refugee camp">Jabalia refugee camp</a>, October 2023.</figcaption></figure> Emanuela-Chiara Gillard, an associate fellow at <a href="/wiki/Chatham_House" title="Chatham House">Chatham House</a>, argued that, given the size and nature of the 7 October attacks, Israel has a right of self-defence that could include its stated military aim of destroying Hamas, which has threatened to repeat its assault and eradicate the state of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-:13-10">[10]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, the law of armed conflict (LOAC) and international humanitarian law (IHL) grant Israel flexibility when it comes to taking military action against Hamas, but in its view, Israel's "definition of military targets is being stretched to breaking-point".<a href="#cite_note-:03-9">[9]</a> Amichai Cohen, an Israeli lawyer, alleges that Israel does not deliberately target civilians but that Hamas's tactics make it hard to take action without affecting civilians.<a href="#cite_note-:03-9">[9]</a> Jill Goldenziel, a professor at the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_University" title="National Defense University">National Defense University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_University" title="Marine Corps University">Marine Corps University</a>, states that if Israel conducted every strike legally and with utmost precision, civilian casualties in war would remain, and the goal of a proportionality analysis is to decide whether they are excessive.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Israeli security officials state that their proportionality criteria in this conflict are unchanged and that they receive legal advice in relation to strikes.<a href="#cite_note-:13-10">[10]</a> Other Israeli officials, speaking anonymously, acknowledged that Israel has struck "private residences and public structures, like the Gaza Parliament and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza" title="Islamic University of Gaza">Islamic University</a>", which would not previously have been considered valuable enough to justify the risk to civilian life.<a href="#cite_note-:13-10">[10]</a> In April 2024, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> found that Israel violated international law by <a href="/wiki/Engineer%27s_Building_strike_and_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineer's Building strike and massacre">launching an airstrike on an apartment building</a> in Gaza, killing 106 people, including 54 children, as there were no viable military targets in the area.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In June 2024, the UN Human Rights Office described possible violations of the rules of proportionality and distinction during the <a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_refugee_camp_massacre" title="Nuseirat refugee camp massacre">Nuseirat refugee camp massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Later the same month, the UN Human Rights Office released a report on six Israeli attacks in which the IDF may have "systematically violated the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precautions in attack".<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabaeen_school_attack" title="Al-Tabaeen school attack">Al-Tabaeen school attack</a>, Tariq Kenney-Shawa, a policy fellow at <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaka,_The_Palestinian_Policy_Network" title="Al-Shabaka, The Palestinian Policy Network">Al-Shabaka</a> suggested the attack violated the laws of proportionality.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In response to an Israeli social media campaign that stated "there are no innocent civilians" in Gaza, Mark Kersten, a professor at <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Fraser_Valley" title="University of the Fraser Valley">University of the Fraser Valley</a>, stated, "It is exactly what atrocity perpetrators say".<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In June 2024, a <a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory">UN Commission of Inquiry</a> found the scale of Israel's killing of Palestinians constituted a crime against humanity.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> By August 2024, reported data from Gaza indicated the war was one of the deadliest of the twenty-first century.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> suggested Israel's attacks on Lebanon and Gaza were disproportionate.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indiscriminate_attacks">Indiscriminate attacks</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of the Gaza Strip">Bombing of the Gaza Strip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_religious_sites_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on religious sites during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Attacks on religious sites during the Israeli invasion of Gaza</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war">Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_airstrikes_on_municipal_services_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israeli airstrikes on municipal services in the Gaza Strip">2023 Israeli airstrikes on municipal services in the Gaza Strip</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Sultan_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel al-Sultan massacre">Tel al-Sultan massacre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_16.jpg/220px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_16.jpg/330px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_16.jpg/440px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A mosque destroyed by an Israeli airstrike, <a href="/wiki/Khan_Younis" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Younis">Khan Younis</a>, 8 October</figcaption></figure> In the first week of the war, the IDF carried out 6,000 airstrikes across Gaza, killing over 3,300 civilians and injuring over 12,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The strikes hit specifically protected locations, including hospitals, markets, refugee camps, mosques, educational facilities, and entire neighbourhoods.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> A group of <a href="/wiki/UN_special_rapporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="UN special rapporteur">UN special rapporteurs</a> asserted that Israel's airstrikes are indiscriminate, stating that the airstrikes are "absolutely prohibited under international law and amounts to a war crime".<a href="#cite_note-UN_experts-26">[26]</a> During two airstrikes on 10 and 22 October 2023, the IDF used <a href="/wiki/Joint_Direct_Attack_Munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Direct Attack Munitions">Joint Direct Attack Munitions</a> in attacks described by Amnesty International as "either direct attacks on civilians" or "indiscriminate attacks".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> On 24 October, UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> called for an immediate <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a>, after stating Israel had committed "clear violations" of international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> On 13 November 2023, Israel shelled the Gaza Reconstruction Committee, leading three Arab states to condemn the attack, with <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> calling it "a heinous war crime to add to Israel's criminal record."<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> On 12 January 2024, the spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_U.N._High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> stated Israel's attacks were failing to account for distinction, proportionality and precautions, thus leaving Israeli exposed to liability for war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In February 2024, the IDF bombed and destroyed the Belgium government's Gaza development office.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In response, Belgium summoned the Israeli ambassador and condemned the "destruction of civilian infrastructure" as a violation of international law.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[a]</a> On 6 February, the UN stated an Israeli assault on <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a> could lead to war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> On 22 March 2024, Al Jazeera released a video retrieved from an Israeli drone showing four unarmed Palestinians in Khan Younis who were brutally killed by Israeli air attacks. Two were killed instantly, and the others were killed while trying to stumble and crawl away.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera_2024_f955-37">[36]</a> Al-Jazeera reported that “it is clear from the pictures that these Palestinians were unarmed and posed no threat to anything or anyone”.<a href="#cite_note-The_Jerusalem_Post_2024_p344-38">[37]</a> This footage was described by the UN's special rapporteur Francesca Albanese as a part of the “colossal amount of evidence” of war crimes committed in Gaza by Israel. The IDF started the investigation of the footage and said that they had encountered militants in civilian clothes retrieving previously hidden weapons in that area.<a href="#cite_note-The_Telegraph_2024_a516-39">[38]</a> Amnesty International called Israel's indiscriminate attacks illegal and a violation of international law. Secretary General of Amnesty International <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Callamard" title="Agnès Callamard">Agnès Callamard</a> said the 16-year-old "illegal blockade has made Gaza the world's biggest open-air prison", and the international community must now act to avert it from becoming a giant cemetery.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Human Rights Watch reported that Israel has completely shut down communications and put lives at risk in Gaza by carrying out relentless airstrikes and damage to the main communications infrastructure, electricity cuts, fuel blockades, and deliberate shutdowns through technical measures. <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Brown" title="Deborah Brown">Deborah Brown</a>, senior technology researcher at Human Rights Watch, said a deliberate shutdown, or restriction of Internet access, is a human rights violation and can be deadly during a crisis. A complete disruption of communications, such as that experienced in Gaza, can provide cover for crimes and impunity, while further undermining humanitarian efforts and putting lives at risk.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Following reports about Israel's use of <a href="/wiki/AI-assisted_targeting_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="AI-assisted targeting in the Gaza Strip">automated systems for target selection</a>, experts in international humanitarian law stated they were alarmed by accounts that the IDF was accepting "damage ratios as high as 20 civilians", even for lower-ranking militants.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> In May 2024, Amnesty International called for war crimes investigations into three Israeli airstrikes that had killed 44 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> The same month, Finnish Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Elina_Valtonen" title="Elina Valtonen">Elina Valtonen</a> stated "ICJ orders and international humanitarian law must be respected" following the <a href="/wiki/May_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="May 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In June 2024, UNRWA chief <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lazzarini" title="Philippe Lazzarini">Philippe Lazzarini</a> termed the destruction of UNRWA's Gaza headquarters as "blatant disregard of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> In June 2024, <a href="/wiki/Doctors_Without_Borders" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors Without Borders">Doctors Without Borders</a> suggested Israel was violating international humanitarian law, stating, "We can no longer accept the statement that Israel is taking 'all precautions'".<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> warned Israel in August 2024 that "targeting critical life-saving infrastructure constitutes a war crime".<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> The IDF suspected a breach of international law following an Army Commanders' order to destroy a water reservoir in Rafah.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[b]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refugee_camps">Refugee camps</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Refugee_camp_airstrikes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Refugee camp airstrikes in the Israel–Hamas war">Refugee camp airstrikes in the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_refugee_camp_massacre" title="Nuseirat refugee camp massacre">Nuseirat refugee camp massacre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C.jpg/220px-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C.jpg/330px-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C.jpg/440px-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Damaged buildings in the Gaza Strip on 12 November 2023</figcaption></figure> On 9 October 2023, the IDF carried out a mass-casualty airstrike on the <a href="/wiki/Jabalia_camp_market_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabalia camp market airstrike">Jabalia refugee camp market</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[49]</a> The attack resulted in the deaths of over sixty civilians and extensive damage to the market.<a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[49]</a> As a result of Israeli airstrikes in other areas, displaced individuals sought refuge in the camp, causing the market to be densely populated at the time of the strike.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> An airstrike on 31 October 2023 that killed 106 civilians near the <a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_refugee_camp" title="Nuseirat refugee camp">Nuseirat refugee camp</a> was deemed an apparent war crime by Human Rights Watch.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> On 1 November, following two airstrikes on the <a href="/wiki/Jabalia_refugee_camp_airstrikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabalia refugee camp airstrikes">Jabalia refugee camp</a>, the United Nations Human Rights Office stated, "We have serious concerns that these are disproportionate attacks that could amount to war crimes."<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> On the same day, the IDF carried out an airstrike on the densely populated <a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_refugee_camp" title="Al-Shati refugee camp">Al-Shati refugee camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> Palestinian media reported that this strike resulted in numerous civilian casualties and the destruction of four mosques, including the al-Gharbi mosque, Yassin mosque, and al-Sousi mosque, all of which were confirmed destroyed by satellite footage.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> The airstrikes in the Al-Shati camp were described as a "massacre against an entire neighborhood" by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Palestine)" title="Ministry of Health (Palestine)">Ministry of Health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> On 24 December 2023, 68 people were killed in an <a href="/wiki/Al-Maghazi_refugee_camp_airstrikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maghazi refugee camp airstrikes">airstrike</a> in the Al-Maghazi refugee camp. According to Al Jazeera reporter Tareq Abu Azzoum, the vast majority of victims were civilians. Azzoum also noted that the camp was one of the areas the IDF had previously told Gazans to evacuate to. Hamas called the attack a "massacre" and a "war crime".<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> Israel later determined that incorrect munitions were used in the attack and expressed regret that non-combatants were harmed.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools_and_shelters">Schools and shelters</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/School_airstrikes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="School airstrikes in the Israel–Hamas war">School airstrikes in the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Al-Sardi_school_attack" title="Al-Sardi school attack">Al-Sardi school attack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabaeen_school_attack" title="Al-Tabaeen school attack">Al-Tabaeen school attack</a></div> On 17 October 2023, according to <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a>, an Israeli airstrike hit a UNRWA school sheltering 4,000 refugees in the <a href="/wiki/Maghazi_(camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghazi (camp)">Al-Maghazi refugee camp</a>, killing six and injuring dozens. <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lazzarini" title="Philippe Lazzarini">Philippe Lazzarini</a>, the UNRWA Commissioner-General, called it "outrageous" and said that it showed "a flagrant disregard for the lives of civilians".<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> The UN accused Israel of lethally bombing three UN shelters on 2 November 2023.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> On 27 December 2023, the UN stated Israel had killed 142 UN employees in Gaza thus far.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> On 12 January 2024, the UN Secretary-General for Human Rights stated that at least 319 internally displaced persons were killed and 1,135 injured in UNRWA shelters.<a href="#cite_note-auto-65">[63]</a> On 24 January 2024, the UN accused Israel of firing two tank shells into a refugee facility in Khan Younis, killing nine people and wounding 75.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> Israel denied bombing the facility.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[c]</a> Thomas White, a senior UN official in Gaza, called the attack part of "a consistent failure to uphold the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Ministry_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Ministry of Education">Palestinian Ministry of Education</a> reported that 65 UN schools in Gaza had been damaged or destroyed, which the <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a> Israel-Palestine director called "beyond unconscionable".<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> In June 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Jordan)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Jordan)">Foreign Ministry of Jordan</a> condemned the <a href="/wiki/Al-Sardi_school_attack" title="Al-Sardi school attack">Al-Sardi school attack</a>, stating, "These actions and crimes… contradict all human and moral values and represent war crimes against the international community as a whole."<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> In response to the Al-Sardi school attack, UNRWA chief <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lazzarini" title="Philippe Lazzarini">Philippe Lazzarini</a> stated that attacking UN buildings showed a "blatant disregard of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabaeen_school_attack" title="Al-Tabaeen school attack">Al-Tabaeen school attack</a> in August 2024, the foreign ministry of Jordan called it a "a flagrant violation of international law and of all humanitarian values," while the government of Turkey stated it was a "crime against humanity".<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> In September 2024, an Israeli airstrike <a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Jawni_School_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Jawni School attack">killed six UN employees</a> at a shelter for displaced people, leading UN secretary general Antonio Guterres to call it a "dramatic violation" of international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> Analyses by <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> all found that Israel had bombed areas it had previously told civilians to evacuate to. The Sky News investigation also concluded that Israel's evacuation orders had been "chaotic and contradictory",<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> NYT found that Israel had dropped 2,000-pound bombs in those areas,<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> while CNN stated it had verified at least three locations Israel bombed after telling civilians it was safe to go there.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> An NBC news investigation found Palestinians were killed in airstrikes in seven areas that the military had designated as safe zones.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_of_worship">Places of worship</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_religious_sites_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on religious sites during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Attacks on religious sites during the Israeli invasion of Gaza</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Porphyrius_airstrike" title="Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike">Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike</a></div> Under the Rome Statute, it is a war crime to intentionally attack <a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">places of worship</a> in non-international conflict, as long as they are not "used by a party to a conflict for acts harmful to the enemy".<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> On 19 October, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> damaged the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Porphyrius_airstrike" title="Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike">Church of Saint Porphyrius</a> in an attack which targeted a nearby command-and-control center, according to the IDF.<a href="#cite_note-theart-84">[81]</a> Hundreds of Christians and Muslims were sheltering in the church and the strike killed 16 people.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a> condemned it as "a war crime that cannot be ignored".<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Following an investigation, Amnesty International stated the church strike was indiscriminate and should be investigated as a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> On 16 December 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a> stated the Israeli army had <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Naheda_and_Samr_Anton" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Naheda and Samr Anton">killed two women</a> sheltering at the Holy Family Parish, stating, "They were shot in cold blood inside the premises of the Parish, where there are no belligerents."<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> described the Israeli attack on the church as <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residential_areas">Residential areas</h3></div> An independent United Nations expert said that Israel's widespread bombing of homes and civilian sites in Gaza and the indiscriminate firing of rockets by Hamas are "war crimes". Balakrishnan Rajagopal stated Israeli strikes had destroyed or damaged 45% of homes in the Palestinian territory, causing "enormous cost in human lives". The UN Special Rapporteur stated targeting of residential areas is strictly prohibited under international law. He further stated that engaging in military actions with the knowledge that it will result in the deliberate destruction of civilian residences and infrastructure, leading to the uninhabitability of an entire city like Gaza City, constitutes a violation of international law.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> A <a href="/wiki/%2B972_Magazine" title="+972 Magazine">+972 Magazine</a> investigation found the IDF had expanded authorization for bombing non-military targets.<a href="#cite_note-972yuval-11">[11]</a> Research conducted by Dr. Yagil Levy at the <a href="/wiki/Open_University_of_Israel" title="Open University of Israel">Open University of Israel</a> confirmed the +972 report, stating Israel was "deliberately targeting residential blocks to cause mass civilian casualties".<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)</a></div> On 5 November, an Israeli airstrike hit a car near Ainata, Lebanon, killing three children and their grandmother, and injuring their mother. The Israeli military admitted to striking the vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-APNews_Ainata-92">[89]</a> Human Rights Watch stated that their killings should be investigated as an apparent war crime.<a href="#cite_note-HRW_Ainata-93">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati</a>, Lebanon's caretaker prime minister, called the attack a "heinous crime" and said that Lebanon would file a complaint to the U.N. Security Council.<a href="#cite_note-APNews_Ainata-92">[89]</a> Following an <a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrike_on_the_Iranian_consulate_in_Damascus" title="Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus">Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Emigrants_(Lebanon)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants (Lebanon)">Lebanese Foreign Ministry</a> called it a "breach of international law and a serious violation of the Vienna agreements for diplomatic and consular relations".<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> The UN Human Rights Office said the attack "violated the prohibition on the use of armed force against another state".<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humanitarian_aid">Humanitarian aid</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war#Killing_of_aid_workers" title="Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war">Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war § Killing of aid workers</a></div> From 7 October to 17 December 2023, 135 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> relief workers were killed in the Gaza Strip, making it the deadliest conflict for UN workers in world history.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> By March 2024, at least 165 United Nations staff had been killed in Gaza since 7 October and more than 150 facilities attacked.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> Following the death of one of their aid workers — the fifth American aid worker killed in Gaza — the <a href="/wiki/American_Near_East_Refugee_Aid" title="American Near East Refugee Aid">American Near East Refugee Aid</a> released a statement: "We demand an independent investigation into his death, which threatens our team’s ability to function safely and deliver aid to civilians facing starvation".<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> In March 2024, Israel bombed a United Nations food distribution center, killing one UN staff member and wounding 22 others.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[d]</a> It was one of the UN's last remaining distribution centers, leading UN humanitarian aid chief <a href="/wiki/Martin_Griffiths" title="Martin Griffiths">Martin Griffiths</a> to state the UN's aid teams "must be protected".<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> A New York Times investigation showed six Western aid groups had humanitarian sites hit by Israeli strikes, even though the locations were shared with the IDF.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> In April 2024, Belgium recalled its ambassador to Israel after an <a href="/wiki/Enabel" title="Enabel">Enabel</a> aid worker and his son were killed by an Israel airstrike, with Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Hadja_Lahbib" title="Hadja Lahbib">Hadja Lahbib</a> stating, "Bombing civilian areas and populations is contrary to international law."<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> A report by the <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Institute_for_Responsible_Statecraft" title="Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft">Quincy Institute</a> found fourteen incidents where Israel attacked humanitarian aid workers, despite being identified as civilians.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flour_massacre">Flour massacre</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flour_massacre" title="Flour massacre">Flour massacre</a></div> On 29 February 2024, more than 100 people seeking aid were killed in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a> during an incident that became known as the <a href="/wiki/Flour_massacre" title="Flour massacre">flour massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> Belgian Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Petra_de_Sutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Petra de Sutter">Petra de Sutter</a> stated the massacre was a "flagrant violation of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-:11-110">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a> stated it was a serious violation of international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> called the attack a <a href="/wiki/Crime_against_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime against humanity">crime against humanity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Ministry_(Oman)" title="Foreign Ministry (Oman)">Omani Foreign Ministry</a> called the attack a violation of international law.<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> announced it was launching an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> The United Nations Human Rights Office also called for an investigation, stating it had "recorded at least 14 incidents involving shooting and shelling of people gathered to receive desperately needed supplies".<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_Central_Kitchen_drone_strikes">World Central Kitchen drone strikes</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen_aid_convoy_attack" title="World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack">World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_2.jpg/220px-World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_2.jpg/330px-World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_2.jpg/440px-World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>WCK car after IDF strike, April 2024</figcaption></figure> On 1 April 2024, an <a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen_aid_convoy_attack" title="World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack">Israeli drone fired three consecutive missiles</a> at three cars belonging to the <a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen" title="World Central Kitchen">World Central Kitchen</a> (WCK), killing seven aid workers who had been distributing food in the northern <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> According to UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guterres" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Guterres">Antonio Guterres</a>, the strikes brought the total number of aid workers killed since 7 October to 196 people.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> The president of <a href="/wiki/Refugees_International" title="Refugees International">Refugees International</a> called the killings "part of a clear pattern" and a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctors_Without_Borders" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors Without Borders">Doctors Without Borders</a> stated the killings were an example of how "international humanitarian law is not respected".<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Polish_Foreign_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Foreign Ministry">Polish Foreign Ministry</a> stated, "Poland objects to the disregard for international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Cyprus)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Cyprus)">Cyprus Foreign Ministry</a> stated, "[International humanitarian law] principles are absolute: humanitarian aid workers must always be respected and protected."<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Saul" title="Ben Saul">Ben Saul</a>, a UN special rapporteur, stated, "It could well be a violation of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jose_Andres" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Andres">Jose Andres</a>, the founder of World Central Kitchen, stated Israel needed "to stop this indiscriminate killing."<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_executions">Summary executions</h2></div> <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a> stated on 20 December it had received allegations of Israeli soldiers summarily killing at least eleven unarmed men in <a href="/wiki/Rimal" title="Rimal">Rimal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> Al Jazeera reported that the number <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summarily executed</a> was 15, killed during an apartment raid. The execution was witnessed by the families of the men.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex University</a> professor <a href="/wiki/William_Schabas" title="William Schabas">William Schabas</a> stated, "It's not really important to demonstrate that they're civilians. Summary executions even of fighters, even of combatants is a war crime."<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_Human_Rights_Monitor" title="Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor">Euro-Med Monitor</a> told Al Jazeera they believe there is a pattern of "systematic" killing, that "In at least 13 of field executions, we corroborated that it was arbitrary on the part of the Israeli forces."<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera_2024_g408-127">[123]</a> On 26 December 2023, Euro-Med Monitor submitted a file to the International Criminal Court and United Nations special rapporteurs documenting dozens of cases of field executions carried out by Israeli forces and calling for an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> In March 2024, video of an IDF soldier bragging about killing an elderly deaf man hiding under his bed was released, leading the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_American-Islamic_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Council on American-Islamic Relations">Council on American-Islamic Relations</a> to condemn the killing as an execution and war crime.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> The Israeli military stated they would begin a probe into the incident.<a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> Defense officials told Haaretz that the Israeli army had created <a href="/wiki/Kill_zone" title="Kill zone">kill zones</a> in Gaza, in which any person who crossed an "invisible line" was killed.<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> Israeli soldiers gave testimony to +972 Magazine stating soldiers were given authorization to shoot Palestinian civilians at will.<a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> Dr. Mark Perlmutter, an American doctor working in Gaza, stated Israeli snipers were targeting children, stating, "No toddler gets shot twice by mistake by the 'world's best sniper.' And they're dead-center shots."<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> In a letter addressed to Joe Biden, a group of U.S. doctors and nurses returning from Gaza stated, "Every one of us on a daily basis treated pre-teen children who were shot in the head and chest".<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> In October 2024, The New York Times reported compiled testimony from 44 doctors, nurses, and paramedics who treated multiple cases of <a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_on_children_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Effect of the Israel–Hamas war on children in the Gaza Strip">preteen children</a> with gunshot wounds to the head or chest in Gaza. Inquiries sent to the IDF regarding the experiences of these health care workers received a statement from a spokesperson that did not directly confirm whether investigations into the shootings of preteen children had been conducted or if any soldiers faced disciplinary action for firing at them.<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> In response to claims alleging that the report was based on "fabricated evidence", The New York Times issued a statement defending the integrity of the piece, emphasizing that it had undergone rigorous editing and verification, including consultations with experts and the use of supporting photographs, which they deemed "too horrific for publication."<a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a>, Dr. Feroze Sidhwa explained the circumstances of the childrens' death, stating, "On the occasion when the child survived long enough and there was family... to ask what happened—they would say, the kids were just playing. I never heard from a family that they were in a crossfire".<a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_graves">Mass graves</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gaza_mass_graves" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza mass graves">Gaza mass graves</a></div> A mass grave with 283 bodies was uncovered in April 2024 at Khan Younis's Nasser medical complex in the southern Gaza city. 30 bodies were buried in two graves in the courtyard of Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> Reportedly, bodies were found with their hands and feet tied.<a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> Following the discovery of the mass graves, UN human rights chief <a href="/wiki/Volker_T%C3%BCrk" title="Volker Türk">Volker Türk</a> called for an independent investigation on the intentional killing of civilians by the IDF and stated the "intentional killing of civilians, detainees, and others who are hors de combat is a war crime."<a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> A spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/U.N._High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights">U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> described the discoveries, stating, "Some of them had their hands tied, which of course indicates serious violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and these need to be subjected to further investigations".<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Schabas" title="William Schabas">William Schabas</a>, a Canadian expert on international human rights law, stated mass graves have "always been an indication that war crimes have been committed".<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assassinations">Assassinations</h3></div> Following the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh">assassination of Ismail Haniyeh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_foreign_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi foreign ministry">Iraqi foreign ministry</a> stated the killing was a "flagrant violation of international law and a threat to security and stability in the region".<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Israeli_destruction_of_mosques,_churches,_cultural_and_historic_sites">Israeli destruction of mosques, churches, cultural and historic sites</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_2023_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the 2023 Israeli invasion of Gaza">Destruction of cultural heritage during the 2023 Israeli invasion of Gaza</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_(Omari_Mosque).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg/220px-Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg/330px-Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg/440px-Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="3033" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Omari_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Omari Mosque">Great Omari Mosque</a>, which Israel destroyed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Family_Church_in_Gaza_City_(Catholic_Church)_-_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Holy_Family_Church_in_Gaza_City_%28Catholic_Church%29_-_interior.jpg/220px-Holy_Family_Church_in_Gaza_City_%28Catholic_Church%29_-_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Holy_Family_Church_in_Gaza_City_%28Catholic_Church%29_-_interior.jpg/330px-Holy_Family_Church_in_Gaza_City_%28Catholic_Church%29_-_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Holy_Family_Church_in_Gaza_City_%28Catholic_Church%29_-_interior.jpg/440px-Holy_Family_Church_in_Gaza_City_%28Catholic_Church%29_-_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family_Church,_Gaza" title="Holy Family Church, Gaza">Holy Family Church</a>, which Israel damaged</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/220px-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/330px-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/440px-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Basha" title="Qasr al-Basha">Qasr al-Basha</a> (Pasha's Palace) Museum, which Israel damaged</figcaption></figure> A report in early November 2023 listed over 100 significant archeological and antiquities sites, libraries, religious sites and places of ancient historical importance that Israel had partly or completely destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-149">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-libraries-150">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-theart:2-151">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-gilad1-152">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> In January 2024, The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Awqaf_and_Religious_Affairs_(Palestine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs (Palestine)">Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs</a> in Gaza estimated that 104 mosques had been damaged or destroyed since the start of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a> BBC has verified 74 cases where religious sites were damaged or destroyed, of which 72 were mosques and two were churches.<a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a> In October 2024 the Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs in Gaza stated that 814 mosques and three churches were destroyed since the war started and a further 148 mosques damaged with the repair costs of over 350 million dollars.<a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a> wrote that the destruction of the Great Omari Mosque in particular, originally a fifth-century <a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">Byzantine church</a>, was "a crime against cultural heritage. But more importantly... part of a campaign of total annihilation... a deliberate element of the Israeli campaign to erase all traces of Palestinian life.".<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> Some notable places that Israel destroyed or damaged are:<a href="#cite_note-gilad1-152">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Dated to </th> <th>Damage </th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ahmed Yassin mosque <a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_refugee_camp" title="Al-Shati refugee camp">Al-Shati</a>, Gaza City</td> <td>mosque</td> <td></td> <td>destroyed</td> <td>9 October 2023<a href="#cite_note-cnn-mosques-159">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Al Amin Muhammad Mosque, <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></td> <td>mosque</td> <td></td> <td>destroyed</td> <td>20 October 2023<a href="#cite_note-Werbeck_Batrawy_Kenyon_Rizkallah_2023_s022-160">[156]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthedon_(Palestine)" title="Anthedon (Palestine)">Anthedon</a> Harbour</td> <td>historic</td> <td>800 BCE</td> <td>destroyed</td> <td>unknown date </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:110%;">Ard-al-Moharbeen Roman cemetery, northern Gaza discovered 2022 containing 125+ tombs and two rare lead sarcophagi</td> <td>historic</td> <td>1st c. CE</td> <td>Almost completely destroyed (bombardment)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a> museum</td> <td>cultural</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gaza Municipal Library<a href="#cite_note-libraries-150">[146]</a></td> <td>cultural</td> <td>1999</td> <td>destroyed</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Al-Gharbi mosque, <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a></td> <td>mosque</td> <td></td> <td>destroyed</td> <td>9 October 2023<a href="#cite_note-cnn-mosques-159">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Omari_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Omari Mosque">Great Omari Mosque</a></td> <td>cultural/mosque</td> <td>1277</td> <td>destroyed</td> <td>8 December 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family_Church,_Gaza" title="Holy Family Church, Gaza">Holy Family Church</a></td> <td>church</td> <td>1974</td> <td>Damaged</td> <td>4 November 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a> Byzantine Church</td> <td>church</td> <td>444 CE</td> <td>destroyed</td> <td>Oct. 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jaffa Mosque in <a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a></td> <td>mosque</td> <td></td> <td>Destroyed</td> <td>Dec. 2023<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Al_Mat%27haf" title="Al Mat'haf">Al-Mathaf al-Funduq</a> museum</td> <td>cultural</td> <td>2008</td> <td>destroyed</td> <td>3 November 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Othman bin Qashqar mosque</td> <td>mosque</td> <td>1220</td> <td>damaged</td> <td>7 December 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:110%;">Qalaat Barquq<a href="#cite_note-heritage-149">[145]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a> Sultan <a href="/wiki/Barquq" title="Barquq">Barquq</a>'s Fort, Khan Yunis</td> <td>historic</td> <td>1387</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Al_Qarara_Cultural_Museum" title="Al Qarara Cultural Museum">Al-Qarara Cultural Museum</a></td> <td>cultural</td> <td>2016</td> <td>destroyed</td> <td>Oct. 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Basha" title="Qasr al-Basha">Qasr al-Basha</a> (Radwan Castle, Pasha's Palace Museum)</td> <td>historic</td> <td>1200s</td> <td>damaged</td> <td>11 December 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Shawa_Cultural_Center" title="Rashad Shawa Cultural Center">Rashad El Shawa Cultural Center</a></td> <td>cultural</td> <td>1988</td> <td>destroyed</td> <td>unknown date </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Sammara" title="Hamam al-Sammara">Al-Sammara Hamam</a></td> <td>historic</td> <td>pre-Islam</td> <td>destroyed</td> <td>8 December 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sayed al-Hashim Mosque</td> <td>mosque</td> <td>1100s</td> <td>Damaged</td> <td>Oct. 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Hilarion_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Hilarion Monastery">St. Hilarion Monastery</a> (Tell Umm Amer)</td> <td>church</td> <td>ca. 340 CE</td> <td>Damaged</td> <td>unknown date </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Porphyrius_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Porphyrius Church">St. Porphyrius Church</a></td> <td>church</td> <td>425 CE</td> <td>Damaged</td> <td>18 October 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Ajjul" title="Tell el-Ajjul">Tell el-Ajjul</a> fortified city</td> <td>historic</td> <td>2000–1800 BCE</td> <td>Damaged</td> <td>unknown date </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Destruction_of_cemeteries">Destruction of cemeteries</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_razing_of_cemeteries_and_necroviolence_against_Palestinians" title="Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians">Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians</a></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 352px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 350px; height: 250px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -25px; left: -px; width: 350px"><div class="noresize"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap" style="width:350px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:350px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:350px"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_Gaza.png" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Location_map_Gaza.png/350px-Location_map_Gaza.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Location_map_Gaza.png/525px-Location_map_Gaza.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Location_map_Gaza.png/700px-Location_map_Gaza.png 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="975" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.982%;left:55.819%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Tunisian Cemetery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div> Tunisian Cemetery</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.029%;left:32.753%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Al-Batsh*" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Al-Batsh*</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.437%;left:49.522%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="↑ Shajaiye small*" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>↑ Shajaiye small*</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.791%;left:9.88%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Sheikh Ijlin*" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Sheikh Ijlin*</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.652%;left:49.633%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Sheikh Radwan*" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Sheikh Radwan*</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.375%;left:33.691%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Sheikh Shaaban" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Sheikh Shaaban</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.313%;left:43.26%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="St. Por- phyrius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>St. Por- phyrius</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.303%;left:55.948%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Al-Tuffah*" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Al-Tuffah*</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.575%;left:52.426%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Ali ibn-Marwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Ali ibn-Marwan</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.364%;left:68.833%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Al-Falouja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Al-Falouja</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.997%;left:97.395%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Beit Hanoun*" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Beit Hanoun*</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.222%;left:76.089%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Beit Lahia*" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Beit Lahia*</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:122.167%;left:-5.786%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="New Bureij" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>New Bureij</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:198.315%;left:-90.663%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Khan Yunis Central" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Khan Yunis Central</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:199.687%;left:-69.604%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Bani Suheila* 1.7km east of Khan Younis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Bani Suheila* 1.7km east of Khan Younis</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> </a></div>Map of the 12 northernmost cemeteries that Israel has damaged or destroyed in the Gaza Strip so far during the war. *approximate location </div> </div> </div> Israel has damaged or destroyed at least sixteen cemeteries across the Gaza Strip,<a href="#cite_note-cnn1-163">[159]</a> in some cases, creating dirt roads across them or establishing military positions. The intentional destruction of religious sites without military necessity is a possible war crime.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> In October 2024 the Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs in Gaza stated that 19 cemeteries were destroyed since the start of the war, the ministry also stated that the IDF was guilty of desecrating graves, exhuming bodies and committing acts of violence against those who died, such as stealing their remains and mutilating them.<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> On 21 December, bulldozers destroyed a cemetery in the Al-Saha neighborhood in eastern Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> On 6 January 2024, Palestinians in <a href="/wiki/Tuffah" title="Tuffah">Tuffah</a> reburied bodies after the Israeli army reportedly exhumed them and smashed their graves.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> Gazans in Khan Younis reported the Israeli army raided a cemetery and took corpses.<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> The Khan Younis cemetery was reportedly bulldozed over, tombstones crushed, and human remains were visible.<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> Muna Haddad, a lawyer on the treatment of the dead, stated, "What is happening is... considered a war crime of 'committing outrages upon personal dignity' under the Rome Statute."<a href="#cite_note-cnn1-163">[159]</a> On 27 January 2024, Israeli forces escorted CNN into Gaza in an attempt to explain the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Bani_Suheila" title="Bani Suheila">Bani Suheila</a> cemetery, through which a tunnel ran, according to the IDF; but during the three hour visit, Israeli commanders failed to prove their claim.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> Moreover, the IDF did not permit CNN to see any alleged entrance to the tunnel inside the cemetery, and later provided drone footage of two tunnel entrances, both located outside the cemetery. CNN broadcast footage of completely destroyed, and dug-up cemetery grounds.<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> On 3 of October 2024, the Israeli air force bombed a cemetery in Lebanon's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashoura,_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bashoura, Lebanon (page does not exist)">Bashoura</a> neighbourhood, destroying it.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collective_punishment">Collective punishment</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip">2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Structural_abuse" title="Structural abuse">Structural abuse</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;">It is an entire nation out there that is responsible. It is not true this rhetoric about civilians not being aware, not involved. It's absolutely not true. They could have risen up. They could have fought against that evil regime which took over Gaza in a coup d'etat.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Several actions taken by the Israeli army, including its <a href="/wiki/October_2023_Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade</a> on electricity, food, fuel and water, were characterized as <a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a>, a war crime prohibited by <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> in both international and non-international armed conflicts, more specifically Common Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> and Additional Protocol II.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> Israel's president <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> accused the residents of Gaza of <a href="/wiki/Collective_responsibility" title="Collective responsibility">collective responsibility</a> for the war.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctors_Without_Borders" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors Without Borders">Doctors Without Borders</a> international president <a href="/wiki/Christos_Christou" title="Christos Christou">Christos Christou</a> said millions of civilians in Gaza faced "collective punishment" due to Israel's blockade on fuel and medicine.<a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>, human rights expert Sari Bashi noted the historical uniqueness of Israeli officials openly admitting they are engaging in collective punishment.<a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a> On 18 October, UN Secretary-General António Guterres stated Hamas' attacks "cannot justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people."<a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a> On 24 October, Human Rights Watch criticized Israel's refusal to allow fuel or water into a Gaza, terming it a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a> On 29 October, Karim Ahmad Khan stated Israel's impeding aid to Gaza may constitute a crime under the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> On 7 December, Khan again stated "wilfully impeding relief supplies" may constitute a war crime under the Rome Statute.<a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> On 20 January 2024, the IDF dropped leaflets with hostages' images on Rafah, stating, "Do you want to return home? Please make the call if you recognise one of them."<a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a> On 25 January 2024, the Gaza Health Ministry reported that Israeli troops had fired upon and killed twenty civilians seeking humanitarian aid in Gaza City.<a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a> On 31 January 2024, Haaretz reported that Israeli army commanders were ordering troops to burn down and destroy unoccupied buildings in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> According to Human Rights Watch: "Unlawful and wanton excessive destruction of property that is not militarily justified, is also a war crime."<a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a> On 16 April 2024, a spokesperson for the UN Human Rights Office stated, "Israel continues to impose unlawful restrictions on the entry and distribution of humanitarian assistance, and to carry out widespread destruction of civilian infrastructure".<a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a> The Irish foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a> called Israel's actions "fully disproportionate and... a breach of humanitarian law in terms of the destruction of Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_access">Water access</h3></div> As part of Israel's blockade on Gaza, water supplies from Israel were cut off.<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a> Article 51 of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Rules_on_Water_Resources" title="Berlin Rules on Water Resources">Berlin Rules on Water Resources</a> bars combatants from removing water or <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_network" title="Water supply network">water infrastructure</a> to cause death or force its movement.<a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a> The EU's chief diplomat <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a> called Israel's cutting off water, electricity and food as "not in accordance with international law".<a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a> On 14 October, the UNRWA announced Gaza no longer had clean drinking water, and two million people were at risk of death from dehydration.<a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a> On 15 October, Israel announced it had resumed supplying water to a single location in southern Gaza to "encourage" movement.<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a> Aid workers in Gaza refuted water was available.<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a> By 16 October, civilians drank seawater and water contaminated with sewage to survive.<a href="#cite_note-drinking_salty_water-205">[200]</a> In July 2024, <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> published a report titled Water War Crimes in which it started that Israel was "systematically weaponizing water against Palestinians" in violation of international law.<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Starvation">Starvation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">Gaza Strip famine</a></div> Israel imposed a "complete siege" on Gaza in the first ten days of the war, due to alleged security concerns that weapons, fuel, and armaments would be transferred to Hamas in the guise of humanitarian aid.<a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[203]</a> Israel later allowed the delivery of limited humanitarian aid following security checks.<a href="#cite_note-209">[204]</a> Israel's restriction of the flow of food, fuel, water, and other humanitarian aid was criticized as a war crime by human rights organizations and termed a "targeted starvation campaign" by United Nations rights experts.<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Dannenbaum" title="Tom Dannenbaum">Tom Dannenbaum</a>, co-director of the Center for International Law & Governance at the <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_School_at_Tufts_University" title="Fletcher School at Tufts University">Fletcher School at Tufts University</a>, wrote that the order "commands the starvation of civilians as a method of warfare, which is a violation of international humanitarian law and a war crime".<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> issued a statement that accused Israel of using starvation as a weapon of war, saying "<a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">International Humanitarian Law</a> (IHL) strictly prohibits the use of starvation as a method of warfare and as the occupying power in Gaza, Israel is bound by IHL obligations to provide for the needs and protection of the population of Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> Oxfam further stated that <a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrikes_on_municipal_services_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli airstrikes on municipal services in the Gaza Strip">attacks on civilian infrastructure</a> were part of the crime of using starvation as a weapon of war.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> Geoffrey S. Corn, Chair of Criminal Law and Director of the Center for Military Law and Policy at <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University_School_of_Law" title="Texas Tech University School of Law">Texas Tech University School of Law</a>, and Sean Watts, professor in the Department of Law at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_at_West_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Academy at West Point">United States Military Academy at West Point</a>, write that sieges are subject to the same laws of war as other military tactics such as <a href="/wiki/Distinction_(law)" title="Distinction (law)">distinction</a> and proportionality.<a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> Watts previously wrote that Article 23 of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a> "requires that parties to a conflict allow passage of a limited class of relief supplies for civilians...only if the parties are satisfied no advantage will result 'to the military efforts or economy of the enemy'", but that if the law is interpreted to allow "incidental" starvation of civilians proportional to anticipated military advantage, it "reduces the rule's humanitarian effect, perhaps to the vanishing point".<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> In March 2024, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s top diplomat, Josep Borrell, stated Israel was using starvation as a weapon of war.<a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> Similarly, the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights, <a href="/wiki/Volker_T%C3%BCrk" title="Volker Türk">Volker Türk</a>, stated, "The extent of Israel’s continued restrictions on entry of aid into Gaza, together with the manner in which it continues to conduct hostilities, may amount to the use of starvation as a method of war, which is a war crime".<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> Human Rights Watch stated Israel was committing a war crime by using starvation as a method of warfare.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alex_de_Waal" title="Alex de Waal">Alex de Waal</a> stated it was the worst man-made <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">famine</a> in 75 years.<a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Moreno_Ocampo" title="Luis Moreno Ocampo">Luis Moreno Ocampo</a>, the former chief prosecutor for the ICC, stated, "Stopping aid in particular to destroy civilian life – with intention to destroy a historical community – is genocide."<a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> In April 2024, the United Nations human rights office stated Israel was placing "unlawful restrictions" on humanitarian aid.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_Human_Rights_Monitor" title="Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor">EuroMed Monitor</a> described the situation as a war of starvation against civilians in the Gaza Strip. EuroMed noted living conditions had reached catastrophic levels by Israel cutting off all food supplies to the Northern half, and bombing and destroying factories, bakeries, food stores, water stations, and tanks throughout the entire enclave. EuroMed additionally noted Israel deliberately focused its attacks on targeting electrical generators and solar energy units, on which commercial facilities and restaurants depend, to maintain the minimum possible level of their work. Israel also targeted the agricultural areas east of Gaza, flour stores, and fishermen's boats, as well as relief organizations' centers, including those belonging to the UNRWA. As a result, over 90% of the children in Gaza suffered from varying health issues, including malnutrition, anemia, and weakened immunity.<a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a> Israeli snipers reportedly targeted people waiting for humanitarian aid.<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> The ICJ ruled as part of the interim measures that Israel facilitate the flow of aid and lessen humanitarian suffering in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-7V4Vi-225">[220]</a> In its March 2024 interim ruling, the ICJ stated, "The court observes that Palestinians in Gaza are no longer facing only a risk of famine (...) but that famine is setting in."<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> Aid groups complain about the level of aid, blaming harsh war conditions, strict inspections and limits on the number of crossing points while Israel says that the restrictions are necessary to ensure that weapons and supplies do not fall into the hands of Hamas.<a href="#cite_note-227">[222]</a> Three reports, a leaked internal State Department memorandum, an internal assessment by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and the report of the Independent Task Force on the Application of National Security Memorandum-20 to Israel, confirm that Israel's blocking of humanitarian aid has triggered the legal requirement to halt military aid.<a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a> A report from Refugees International revealed that Israeli authorities have "erected unnecessary hurdles, complicated logistical processes, and an unpredictable vetting system, rendering the inspection regime overwhelmingly burdensome with layers of bureaucracy and inspection and limited working hours".<a href="#cite_note-7V4Vi-225">[220]</a> Israeli professor <a href="/wiki/Neve_Gordon" title="Neve Gordon">Neve Gordon</a> wrote of Israel’s history of restricting food access in the Gaza Strip "controlling and managing the population through food insecurity."<a href="#cite_note-229">[224]</a> The UN and Human Rights Watch said the Israeli government is using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare in the Gaza Strip, a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violations_of_medical_neutrality">Violations of medical neutrality</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_destruction_of_the_Gaza_Strip_healthcare_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israeli destruction of the Gaza Strip healthcare system (page does not exist)">Israeli destruction of the Gaza Strip healthcare system</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war">Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_health_workers_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Killing of health workers in the Israel–Hamas war">Killing of health workers in the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_ambulance_strike.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palestine_ambulance_strike.png/220px-Palestine_ambulance_strike.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palestine_ambulance_strike.png/330px-Palestine_ambulance_strike.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palestine_ambulance_strike.png/440px-Palestine_ambulance_strike.png 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="835" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Red_Crescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Red Crescent">Palestine Red Crescent</a> ambulance destroyed by an Israeli airstrike</figcaption></figure> Israel is alleged to have broken <a href="/wiki/Medical_neutrality" title="Medical neutrality">medical neutrality</a>, a war crime under the Geneva Conventions as hospitals are given special protection under international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a> These attacks have been carried out in a manner that aid groups and international bodies are increasingly referring to as systematic.<a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> According to Gaza officials, the IDF deliberately targeted ambulances and health facilities with airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_HEALTH-235">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a> In a statement, the Palestine Red Crescent demanded "accountability for this war crime".<a href="#cite_note-237">[232]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies</a>, UNRWA, and <a href="/wiki/Medecins_Sans_Frontieres" class="mw-redirect" title="Medecins Sans Frontieres">Medecins Sans Frontieres</a> reported the deaths of their medical personnel.<a href="#cite_note-ifrc-gaza-238">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-ajmedic-239">[234]</a> On 14 October, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> said the killing of health care workers and the destruction of health facilities "denies civilians the basic human right of life-saving health" and is prohibited by International Humanitarian Law.<a href="#cite_note-Evacuation_orders_by_Israel-240">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[236]</a> On 17 October, WHO stated 51 health facilities had been attacked by Israel.<a href="#cite_note-242">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[238]</a> On 4 November, the Gaza Health Ministry stated 105 medical facilities had been deliberately targeted.<a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a> On 21 October, the Ministry of Health noted Israel had attacked 69 health facilities, 24 ambulances, put 7 hospitals out of commission, and killed 37 medical staff.<a href="#cite_note-245">[240]</a> Health workers and aid groups said several hospitals in Gaza were hit by airstrikes and shelling. The <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Red_Crescent_Society" title="Palestine Red Crescent Society">Palestine Red Crescent Society</a> accused Israel of "deliberately" carrying out airstrikes "directly around" Gaza's second-largest hospital, <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Hospital" title="Al-Quds Hospital">al-Quds Hospital</a>, in north Gaza, to force them to evacuate the facility. The World Health Organization (WHO) found it impossible to evacuate the hospital. According to CNN, even those who evacuated south have not been safe.<a href="#cite_note-246">[241]</a> On 30 October 2023, a <a href="/wiki/Turkish-Palestinian_Friendship_Hospital" title="Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital">Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital</a>, located in the south of Gaza, was struck by a "direct hit", causing damage and injuries.<a href="#cite_note-247">[242]</a> On 3 November, an Israeli <a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_ambulance_airstrike" title="Al-Shifa ambulance airstrike">airstrike hit an ambulance convoy</a> departing from <a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital" title="Al-Shifa Hospital">al-Shifa Hospital</a> carrying, according to a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Health_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Health Ministry">Palestinian Health Ministry</a> spokesman, 15-20 critically injured patients.<a href="#cite_note-niaha-248">[243]</a> The Israeli military confirmed the strike, saying one of the ambulances was being used by a "Hamas terrorist cell", and was close to their position.<a href="#cite_note-imcit-249">[244]</a> In response, <a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Yanis Varoufakis</a> noted, "Even if the ambulance was carrying a Hamas overlord, bombing it violates the Geneva Convention."<a href="#cite_note-250">[245]</a> UN chief António Guterres stated he was "horrified" by the attack.<a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a> In prior weeks, Israel had released an animated video stating Al-Shifa hospital contained a hidden, top-secret underground military center.<a href="#cite_note-252">[247]</a> This was flatly denied, with Hamas stating Israel was using "prefabricated" evidence to pre-empt a military strike on a hospital.<a href="#cite_note-253">[248]</a> Laws of war provide limited protections to medical facilities used in such capacities.<a href="#cite_note-254">[249]</a> HRW stated the strikes were apparently unlawful and should be investigated as a possible war crime.<a href="#cite_note-255">[250]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaza_City" title="Siege of Gaza City">Siege of Gaza City</a>, Israeli snipers reportedly fired on the intensive care unit in Al-Quds Hospital, killing one person and wounding 28.<a href="#cite_note-256">[251]</a> Doctors in Al-Shifa Hospital reported snipers at the outskirts of the complex were firing at "any moving person".<a href="#cite_note-257">[252]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Carbone" title="Fabrizio Carbone">Fabrizio Carbone</a>, the Middle East regional head of the International Committee of the Red Cross, stated Israel's attacks on al-Shifa Hospital could not continue, stressing patients and hospital staff should be "protected in line with the laws of war".<a href="#cite_note-258">[253]</a> In response to the <a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital_siege" title="Al-Shifa Hospital siege">Al-Shifa Hospital siege</a>, Human Rights Watch stated Israel's actions against hospitals need to be investigated as war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a> Jennifer Cassidy, a legal expert at University of Oxford, stated Israel's siege on al-Shifa was a war crime "plain and simple".<a href="#cite_note-260">[255]</a> Following an Israeli attack on <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Hospital" title="Indonesia Hospital">Indonesia Hospital</a>, the Indonesian Foreign Minister called it a clear violation of international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-261">[256]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest,_25_November_2023_142309_(redacted).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg/330px-Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg/440px-Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Photos of Palestinian healthcare workers killed during fighting in Gaza, 25 November 2023</figcaption></figure> On 18 November 2023, two people were killed while traveling in a clearly identified Doctors Without Borders evacuation convoy in Gaza City.<a href="#cite_note-262">[257]</a> Doctors Without Borders termed it a "deliberate attack."<a href="#cite_note-263">[258]</a> On 16 December, the <a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_Human_Rights_Monitor" title="Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor">Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor</a> called for an international investigation into Israeli war crimes at the Kamal Adwan Hospital.<a href="#cite_note-264">[259]</a> On 17 January 2024, Israeli fire damaged the Jordanian field hospital, leading the Jordanian army to call it a "flagrant breach of international law".<a href="#cite_note-265">[260]</a> On 19 January, Jordan stated Israel had "deliberately" targeted the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-266">[261]</a> The World Health Organization stated on 24 January it had recorded 660 Israel attacks on healthcare facilities, calling them "a flagrant violation of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-267">[262]</a> On 31 January, Doctors Without Borders stated Israel had conducted "systematic attacks on health facilities" which they stated was unprecedented for their organization.<a href="#cite_note-268">[263]</a> On 8 February 2024, the Palestinian Red Crescent accused the IDF of deliberately killing one of their paramedics.<a href="#cite_note-269">[264]</a> On 11 February, the Red Crescent accused the IDF of deliberately targeting and killing two of their paramedics sent to rescue <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Hind_Rajab" title="Killing of Hind Rajab">Hind Rajab</a>, calling the killing a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-270">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[266]</a> In response to an Israeli attack at the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Hospital">Al-Aqsa Hospital</a> on 31 March 2024, WHO chief <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a> stated, "The ongoing attacks and militarisation of hospitals must stop. International humanitarian law must be respected."<a href="#cite_note-272">[267]</a> In May 2024, the Palestinian Red Crescent stated an Israeli attack on their ambulances near Rafah was a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-273">[268]</a> Following the attack, WHO stated, "Health workers are protected under international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-274">[269]</a> In June 2024, the UN Human Rights Office discussed the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_health_workers_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Killing of health workers in the Israel–Hamas war">killing of health workers in Gaza</a>, stating, "These killings have occurred against the backdrop of systematic attacks on hospitals and other medical facilities in violation of the laws of war".<a href="#cite_note-275">[270]</a> In July 2024, the government of Turkey stated that images showing Israel using the <a href="/wiki/Turkish-Palestinian_Friendship_Hospital" title="Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital">Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital</a> as a military base indicated violations of international humanitarian law and threatened to take Israel to court.<a href="#cite_note-276">[271]</a> In October 2024, a UN inquiry accused Israel of "committing war crimes and the crime against humanity of extermination with relentless and deliberate attacks on medical personnel and facilities", as well as accusing the IDF of deliberately killing and torturing medical personnel, targeting medical vehicles, and restricting patients from leaving Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-277">[272]</a> The chair of the UN Human Rights Council-appointed team, <a href="/wiki/Navi_Pillay" title="Navi Pillay">Navi Pillay</a>, stated that Israel's destruction and targeting was part of an Israeli policy to destroy Gaza's healthcare system.<a href="#cite_note-278">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protected_status">Protected status</h3></div> Israel alleges medical facilities are used to store weapons and have been used as a base of fire, and that hospitals' special protection is lost if that is the case.<a href="#cite_note-CNNHospitalSchoolTunnel-279">[274]</a> However, the IDF has not presented hard evidence to support their claims.<a href="#cite_note-Israeli_military-280">[275]</a> Israel also does not have the power to unilaterally decide if a hospital has lost protected status.<a href="#cite_note-Israeli_military-280">[275]</a> According to International Criminal Court prosecutor Karim Khan, the <a href="/wiki/Burden_of_proof_(law)" title="Burden of proof (law)">bar for evidence</a> that a hospital, school, or place of worship is being used for military purposes is very high.<a href="#cite_note-281">[276]</a> The burden of proof also lays with the Israelis.<a href="#cite_note-hospitals_have_special_protection-282">[277]</a> Jessica Wolfendale, an expert in military ethics at <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a>, stated that even if Israel had been able to prove Shifa concealed a military operation, international law remains in place, as, "Steps need to be taken to protect the innocent."<a href="#cite_note-hospitals_have_special_protection-282">[277]</a> A hospital attack is also still illegal under international law if it harms civilians disproportionately to the military objective.<a href="#cite_note-hospitals_have_special_protection-282">[277]</a> Ardi Imseis, an international law expert at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University at Kingston</a>, stated, "Until such time that the Israelis provide proof that it has been converted into a military object, the civilian nature of the object does not change."<a href="#cite_note-283">[278]</a> Human Rights Watch stated, "The Israeli government has put forward no evidence that would justify stripping hospitals of their special protections."<a href="#cite_note-284">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[281]</a> The <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a> stated, "Even if Israel contends that a medical facility has lost its protection... it must nevertheless comply with the principles of precautions and proportionality."<a href="#cite_note-287">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Targeting_of_journalists">Targeting of journalists</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_journalists_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Killing of journalists in the Israel–Hamas war">Killing of journalists in the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> On 1 November 2023, <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> asked the International Criminal Court to begin a priority war crimes investigation into the killing of nine journalists.<a href="#cite_note-288">[283]</a> RSF noted that of the 41 journalists killed in the first month of the conflict, 36 among them were Palestinian reporters killed by Israeli strikes in the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-289">[284]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, Jodie Ginsberg, the president of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_to_Protect_Journalists" title="Committee to Protect Journalists">Committee to Protect Journalists</a>, called for an ICC investigation into the killing of journalists in Gaza, stating the killings "appear to have been targeted".<a href="#cite_note-290">[285]</a> On 27 January 2024, the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Journalists" title="International Federation of Journalists">International Federation of Journalists</a> wrote an open-letter to Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant stating they would take Israel to court if it did not comply with the ICJ's order to avoid targeting journalists.<a href="#cite_note-291">[286]</a> In February 2024, the deputy director of the International Federation of Journalists stated, "There appears to have been a systematic campaign to kill and terrify and maim journalists in Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-292">[287]</a> On 13 February 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera Media Network</a> stated Israel had attacked two of its journalists in Gaza, calling it "a full-fledged crime added to Israel's crimes against journalists, and a new part in the series of the deliberate targeting of Al Jazeera's journalists".<a href="#cite_note-293">[288]</a> A representative from <a href="/wiki/Media_Defence" title="Media Defence">Media Defence</a> stated, "Journalists are civilians so they are entitled to all the protections that civilians should have in times of conflict".<a href="#cite_note-294">[289]</a> The director of the <a href="/wiki/International_Press_Institute" title="International Press Institute">International Press Institute</a> stated, "We see journalists clearly targeted… Our organisation has been monitoring press freedom for almost 75 years and this is the worst attack we have seen on journalists in any conflict".<a href="#cite_note-295">[290]</a> Following the Israeli killing of <a href="/wiki/Samer_Abu_Daqqa" title="Samer Abu Daqqa">Samer Abu Daqqa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> stated it was referring the incident to the International Criminal Court.<a href="#cite_note-296">[291]</a> In June 2024, an journalistic investigation into Israel's killing of journalists suggested that some of the killings were deliberate.<a href="#cite_note-297">[292]</a> The investigation further found that Israeli tanks were likely responsible for an attack on the <a href="/wiki/Agence_France_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Agence France Press">Agence France Press</a> building in Gaza, described by investigators as "likely targeted".<a href="#cite_note-298">[293]</a> In September 2024, Reporters Without Borders stated there were 31 credible cases where journalists were directly targeted by the Israeli army.<a href="#cite_note-299">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Killing_of_Issam_Abdallah">Killing of Issam Abdallah</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Issam_Abdallah#Death" title="Issam Abdallah">Issam Abdallah § Death</a></div> Reporters Without Borders conducted a preliminary investigation into the killing of <a href="/wiki/Issam_Abdallah" title="Issam Abdallah">Issam Abdallah</a>, a Reuters photojournalist killed in Lebanon, and found that the strike on a clearly marked vehicle marked "Press" was purposely targeted and that the fire had come from Israel.<a href="#cite_note-300">[295]</a> An investigation by the <a href="/wiki/Agence_France_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Agence France Press">Agence France Press</a> found Abdallah's killing was used with tank shells of Israeli origin and were deliberate and targeted.<a href="#cite_note-301">[296]</a> Amnesty International stated the attack was a likely war crime and that "Israel must not be allowed to kill and attack journalists with impunity."<a href="#cite_note-302">[297]</a> Human Rights Watch stated the attack was apparently deliberate and a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-303">[298]</a> A study by the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Organisation_for_Applied_Scientific_Research" title="Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research">Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research</a> found it likely "that a Merkava tank, after firing two tank rounds, also used its machine gun against the location of the journalists".<a href="#cite_note-304">[299]</a> A February 2024 report by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Force_in_Lebanon" title="United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon">United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon</a> concluded that an Israeli tank killed Abadallah when it fired at "clearly identifiable journalists", and that this broke international law.<a href="#cite_note-Bassam-305">[300]</a> The report "assessed that there was no exchange of fire across the Blue Line at the time of the incident", with no records of any exchange of fire across the border for the 40 minutes before the tank firing.<a href="#cite_note-Bassam-305">[300]</a> The Israel Defense Forces responded to the United Nations report by claiming that Hezbollah attacked them, so tank fire was used to retaliate.<a href="#cite_note-Bassam-305">[300]</a> The report concluded that the attack was a violation of <a href="/wiki/UNSCR_1701" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSCR 1701">UNSCR 1701</a> and international law.<a href="#cite_note-306">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forced_evacuation">Forced evacuation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_evacuations" title="Gaza Strip evacuations">Gaza Strip evacuations</a></div> On 13 October, the Israeli army ordered the <a href="/wiki/2023_Gaza_Strip_evacuations" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Gaza Strip evacuations">evacuation</a> of 1.1 million people from north Gaza, saying that they needed to separate the civilian population from the militants embedded among them, and that the population would be allowed to return after the war.<a href="#cite_note-307">[302]</a> Gazan officials initially asked residents to ignore the order, with the <a href="/wiki/Interior_Minister_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Interior Minister of the Gaza Strip">Interior Ministry</a> stating Israel sought to "displace us once again from our land".<a href="#cite_note-308">[303]</a> The evacuation was characterized as a <a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">forcible transfer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Egeland" title="Jan Egeland">Jan Egeland</a>, a Norwegian diplomat involved with the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accord" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo Accord">Oslo Accord</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gazans_stream_south-309">[304]</a> Egeland stated, "There are hundreds of thousands of people fleeing for their life — [that is] not something that should be called an evacuation. It is a forcible transfer of people from all of northern Gaza, which according to the Geneva Convention is a war crime."<a href="#cite_note-Gazans_stream_south-309">[304]</a> UN Special rapporteur <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Albanese" title="Francesca Albanese">Francesca Albanese</a> warned of a mass <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-310">[305]</a> Israeli historian <a href="/wiki/Raz_Segal" title="Raz Segal">Raz Segal</a> termed it a "textbook case of <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>."<a href="#cite_note-311">[306]</a> The action was condemned by the UN, Doctors Without Borders, <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">IRC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-312">[307]</a> On 14 October, the World Health Organization issued a statement condemning Israel's order to evacuate 22 hospitals in northern Gaza, calling it a "death sentence".<a href="#cite_note-313">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[309]</a> Doctors noted both the southern Gaza Strip's lack of hospital beds and the impossibility of transporting patients, such as <a href="/wiki/2023_Gaza_Strip_preterm_births" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Gaza Strip preterm births">newborns in incubators</a> and patients on <a href="/wiki/Ventilators" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventilators">ventilators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[310]</a> Nevertheless, on 22 October, the IDF dropped leaflets in northern Gaza stating anyone who did not comply with the evacuation would be considered a "terrorist".<a href="#cite_note-316">[311]</a> On 20 December, Human Rights Watch stated the risk of <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">forced displacement</a> was growing.<a href="#cite_note-317">[312]</a> On 12 January, the Assistant Secretary General for Human Rights stated that Israel's compelled evacuations had failed to ensure protections required under international law, thus constituting a potential war crime.<a href="#cite_note-auto-65">[63]</a> In March 2024, <a href="/wiki/Forensic_Architecture" title="Forensic Architecture">Forensic Architecture</a> stated that Israel's "humanitarian evacuations" might amount to the war crime of forced displacement.<a href="#cite_note-318">[313]</a> In March 2024, Paula Gaviria Betancur, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_special_rapporteur" title="United Nations special rapporteur">UN Special Rapporteur</a> on the rights of internally displaced persons, stated ahead of Israel's planned <a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah offensive</a>: "Any evacuation order imposed on Rafah under the current circumstances, with the rest of Gaza reduced to rubble, would be a flagrant violation of international humanitarian and human rights law."<a href="#cite_note-319">[314]</a> French president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> told Netanyahu that a forced transfer of the population from Rafah would be a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-320">[315]</a> In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Volker_T%C3%BCrk" title="Volker Türk">Volker Türk</a> condemned Israel's evacuation orders in Rafah, stating, "This is inhumane. It runs contrary to the basic principles of international humanitarian and human rights laws".<a href="#cite_note-321">[316]</a> A UNOCHA spokesperson said of the Rafah evacuation: "There are strong indications that this is being conducted in violation of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-322">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buffer_zone">Buffer zone</h2></div> Israel sought to create an expanded <a href="/wiki/Buffer_zone" title="Buffer zone">buffer zone</a> in Gaza. Satellite analysis by researchers at <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a> found the buffer zone was already in advanced stages.<a href="#cite_note-323">[318]</a> By January 2024, Israel had destroyed more than 1,000 buildings for the planned zone.<a href="#cite_note-324">[319]</a> In April 2024, <a href="/wiki/UNOSAT" title="UNOSAT">UNOSAT</a> found that around 90 percent of the 4,000 buildings on Gaza's eastern border had been damaged or destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-325">[320]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Center_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Center for Human Rights">Palestinian Center for Human Rights</a> stated such civilian properties were protected under international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-326">[321]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shaul_Arieli" title="Shaul Arieli">Shaul Arieli</a>, a former IDF colonel and expert on Israeli borders, stated that the creation of a permanent buffer zone was illegal, since Israel is prohibited from altering the boundaries of Gaza as an occupying power.<a href="#cite_note-327">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Nice" title="Geoffrey Nice">Geoffrey Nice</a>, a war crimes prosecutor, stated, "It is unjustified, by any view, under international law."<a href="#cite_note-328">[323]</a> Volker Türk, the UN human rights chief, stated, "Extensive destruction of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly, amounts to a grave breach of the Fourth Geneva Convention, and a war crime."<a href="#cite_note-329">[324]</a> An analysis by Haaretz found the buffer zone could occupy as much as 16 percent of Gaza's overall territory.<a href="#cite_note-330">[325]</a> A May 2024 Al Jazeera investigation found the buffer zone had taken 32 percent of Gaza's territory.<a href="#cite_note-331">[326]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Looting">Looting</h2></div> During the war, soldiers <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">looted</a> Palestinian homes in Gaza, reportedly taking "whatever is easy and accessible".<a href="#cite_note-332">[327]</a> On 21 February 2024, <a href="/wiki/Yifat_Tomer-Yerushalmi" title="Yifat Tomer-Yerushalmi">Yifat Tomer-Yerushalmi</a>, the IDF's <a href="/wiki/Military_Advocate_General" title="Military Advocate General">Military Advocate General</a>, stated that some soldiers' actions — including looting and the removal of private property — had "crossed the criminal threshold".<a href="#cite_note-333">[328]</a> Tomer-Yerushalmi stated such cases were under investigation.<a href="#cite_note-334">[329]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Council_on_American-Islamic_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Council on American-Islamic Relations">Council on American-Islamic Relations</a> called the looting a war crime and demanded the Biden administration to condemn them.<a href="#cite_note-335">[330]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a> of 1949 explicitly prohibits the looting of civilian property during wartime.<a href="#cite_note-ICRC-336">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-gen-338">[333]</a> In August 2024, Yuval Green, an IDF paratrooper returning from Gaza, stated he had witnessed widespread abuses against Palestinians in Gaza, including looting and the destruction of homes.<a href="#cite_note-339">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_theaters_of_war">Additional theaters of war</h2></div> In July 2024, Israel <a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Israeli strikes on Yemen">bombed</a> the <a href="/wiki/Al_Hudaydah" title="Al Hudaydah">Hodeidah port</a> during its <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">conflict with the Houthis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> termed the strikes a possible war crime, as they appeared to be an indiscriminate or disproportionate attack on civilians.<a href="#cite_note-340">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebanon_2">Lebanon</h3></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)#Israeli_war_crimes" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) § Israeli war crimes</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)&action=edit#Israeli_war_crimes">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Killing_of_Lebanese_civilians">Killing of Lebanese civilians</h4></div> In September 2024, thousands of <a href="/wiki/2024_Lebanon_pager_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Lebanon pager explosions">wireless communication devices exploded</a> throughout Lebanon and Syria in an attack attributed to Israel, killing dozens of people, including civilians and Hezbollah militants. Lama Fakih, a director of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, said that the explosions would constitute an <a href="/wiki/Indiscriminate_attack" title="Indiscriminate attack">indiscriminate attack</a> if the IDF had no way of accurately determining the location of the explosive devices since there would be no distinction between civilians and military targets. <a href="/wiki/UN_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="UN High Commissioner for Human Rights">UN High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> <a href="/wiki/Volker_T%C3%BCrk" title="Volker Türk">Volker Türk</a> said that the attacks violated international human rights since the IDF did not have knowledge regarding the users of the devices or their location and surroundings during the explosions.<a href="#cite_note-341">[336]</a> According to the Syrian Observatory for Human rights, 232 Syrian refugees were killed by the IDF in Lebanon since the start of the Israel-Hamas war.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_syrianrefugees-342">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Targeting_of_journalists_2">Targeting of journalists</h4></div> According to the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, the intentional targeting of journalists constitutes a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-343">[338]</a> During the conflict, <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> (RSF) claimed that the Israeli army had deliberately targeted journalists.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_RSF-344">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[341]</a> An RSF investigation said that Israel had targeted journalists in two missile strikes on 13 October 2023 that killed Reuters reporter <a href="/wiki/Issam_Abdallah" title="Issam Abdallah">Issam Abdallah</a> and injured four others. These two strikes, 30 seconds apart, hit a group of seven journalists in southern Lebanon who were reporting on the border fighting between Israel and Hezbollah. In a video, the journalists are seen wearing vests and helmets identifying them as "PRESS". The marking was also present on the roof of their car, which exploded after being hit by the second missile.<a href="#cite_note-347">[342]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Organisation_for_Applied_Scientific_Research" title="Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research">Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research</a>, which tests and analyses munitions and weapons, assisted Reuters by examining the material collected at the site of the explosion and found that a piece of metal was the fin of a 120 mm tank round fired 1.34 km away from the border from a <a href="/wiki/Tank_gun" title="Tank gun">smoothbore tank gun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_reuters20231207-348">[343]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IDF's_use_of_white_phosphorus">IDF's use of white phosphorus</h4></div> On 31 October 2023, after an investigation, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> stated that an Israeli white phosphorus attack on 16 October was indiscriminate, unlawful, and "must be investigated as a war crime", due to its use on the populated Lebanese town of Dhayra, which injured at least nine civilians.<a href="#cite_note-349">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_AmnestyLebanonWP-350">[345]</a> On 2 November, Amnesty International stated its investigations into four incidents on 10, 11, 16 and 17 October showed Israel had used white phosphorus munitions.<a href="#cite_note-351">[346]</a> The claim was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>, which identified two white phosphorus shell casings made in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-352">[347]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> verified IDF's use of white phosphorus in at least 17 municipalities in Lebanon, including five municipalities where airburst munitions were used over residential areas.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_Human-Rights-Watch-2024-353">[348]</a> It also called on the Lebanese government to file a declaration to enable investigations in the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_Human-Rights-Watch-2024-353">[348]</a> In southern Lebanon, Israel's white phosphorus bombs have destroyed over 4,500 hectares (45,000,000 m2) of forest with economic loses being valued at US$20 million.<a href="#cite_note-354">[349]</a> The American University of Beirut estimated use of white phosphorus has led to more than 134 forest fires as of June 2024 burning 1,500 hectares (15,000,000 m2) of land.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_wildfires-in-northern-israel-ignited-by-hezbollah-rockets-355">[350]</a> As of 28 May 2024, the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health said that exposure to white phosphorus had injured at least 173 people.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_Human-Rights-Watch-2024-353">[348]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Targeting_of_medical_and_religious_sites">Targeting of medical and religious sites</h4></div> The targeting of hospitals, as well as religious sites, constitutes a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-356">[351]</a> Lebanese health minister <a href="/wiki/Firass_Abiad" title="Firass Abiad">Firass Abiad</a> said that 163 rescuers and health workers were killed and 273 others were injured in Lebanon since the start of Israel-Hezbollah conflict.<a href="#cite_note-357">[352]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> stated that Israel's "repeated" attacks on medical workers and healthcare facilities were apparent war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-358">[353]</a> The IDF shelled <a href="/wiki/Meiss_Ej_Jabal_Hospital" title="Meiss Ej Jabal Hospital">Meiss Ej Jabal Hospital</a>, injuring a doctor on 10 November 2023. The missiles did not explode but caused damage to the emergency department and several cars. Lebanon's Ministry of Public Health condemned the attack, saying that "Israeli authorities were fully responsible for this unjustifiable act, which would have led to catastrophic results", and called for an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_arabnews20231111-359">[354]</a> Days before, four people were reportedly injured after an Israeli bombing that hit two ambulances. The Lebanese <a href="/wiki/The_National_News_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="The National News Agency">National News Agency</a> said that an Israeli drone strike hit two ambulances belonging to the Risala Scout Association, which is affiliated with the Amal Movement.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_macaubusiness20231105-360">[355]</a> On 26 December 2023, an anti-tank missile shot by <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> fighters from Lebanon damaged a shed in a church compound in <a href="/wiki/Iqrit" title="Iqrit">Iqrit</a>, but not the church itself, wounding an elderly civilian.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_hizb-361">[356]</a> As IDF troops and medical services were working to evacuate him, they were hit by further missiles, which resulted in nine soldiers being wounded, one of them seriously.<a href="#cite_note-362">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[358]</a> On 11 January 2024, the IDF conducted strikes in the town of <a href="/wiki/Hanine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanine">Hanine</a> and targeted an emergency center affiliated with the Hezbollah-linked <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Health_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Health Committee (page does not exist)">Islamic Health Authority</a>. The attack killed two workers from the rescue force and destroyed an ambulance.<a href="#cite_note-364">[359]</a> Other attacks on Islamic Health Authority centers occurred in <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kila,_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafr Kila, Lebanon">Kafr Kila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odaisseh" class="mw-redirect" title="Odaisseh">Odaisseh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blida,_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Blida, Lebanon">Blida</a> killed 7 paramedic and rescue workers and destroyed 17 ambulances.<a href="#cite_note-365">[360]</a> On 27 March 2024, an Israeli airstrike targeted a paramedic center affiliated with the Islamic Group in <a href="/wiki/Hebbariye" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebbariye">Hebbariye</a>, killing seven volunteer paramedics. The airstrike was condemned by the Lebanese Ministry of Health.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_Al-Jazeera-20240327-366">[361]</a> Later in the day, Israeli airstrikes in <a href="/wiki/Tayr_Harfa" title="Tayr Harfa">Tayr Harfa</a> killed two paramedics from the Islamic Health Society, while strikes in Naqoura killed one from the Amal Movement-affiliated Islamic Risala Scout Association.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_AP-News-2024-367">[362]</a> On 7 May 2024, Human Rights Watch declared the 27 March incident as an unlawful attack on civilians and said that they did not find any evidence of military targets at the site that was targeted. Investigations also showed that the IDF used an <a href="/wiki/MPR500" title="MPR500">MPR 500</a> missile to conduct the raid.<a href="#cite_note-368">[363]</a> On 27 May 2024, an Israeli airstrike near Salah Ghandour Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Bint_Jbeil" title="Bint Jbeil">Bint Jbeil</a> killed three civilians. WHO in Lebanon condemned the attack and called for the protection of hospitals and healthcare workers.<a href="#cite_note-369">[364]</a> In October 2024, the head of Lebanon's Civil Defence in the south said Israel was specifically attacking health workers, stating, "We have had 40 ambulances which have been completely destroyed. On top of that 24 rescuing stations have been hit - just in this area."<a href="#cite_note-370">[365]</a> Lebanese health officials stated on 5 October 2024 that fifty health officials had been killed in the prior 72 hours.<a href="#cite_note-371">[366]</a> Lebanon's health minister <a href="/wiki/Firas_Abiad" class="mw-redirect" title="Firas Abiad">Firas Abiad</a> stated the attacks were war crimes and part of Israel's systematic targeting of Lebanon's healthcare system.<a href="#cite_note-372">[367]</a> A November 2024 investigation found Israel had struck in "lethal proximity" to nineteen different hospitals in Lebanon.<a href="#cite_note-373">[368]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Use_of_booby-trapped_devices">Use of booby-trapped devices</h4></div> Experts warned the <a href="/wiki/2024_Lebanon_pager_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Lebanon pager explosions">2024 Lebanon pager explosions</a> potentially violated international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-374">[369]</a> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a>, the European Union's <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a>, questioned the legality of the <a href="/wiki/Pager_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Pager attacks">pager attacks</a> due to their high collateral damage among civilians, including the deaths of children. <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Hennis-Plasschaert" title="Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert">Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Coordinator_for_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon">United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon</a>, also raised concerns that the attacks were illegal. Belgian deputy prime minister <a href="/wiki/Petra_De_Sutter" title="Petra De Sutter">Petra De Sutter</a> went further, calling it a "terror attack."<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_OliphantConfino-375">[370]</a> <a href="/wiki/Volker_Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Volker Turk">Volker Turk</a>, the UN human rights chief, stated, "International humanitarian law prohibits the use of booby-trap devices in the form of apparently harmless portable objects".<a href="#cite_note-376">[371]</a> <a href="/wiki/Booby_traps" class="mw-redirect" title="Booby traps">Booby traps</a> are mostly outlawed under the <a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Mines,_Booby-Traps_and_Other_Devices" title="Protocol on Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices">Protocol on Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices</a> ("Amended Protocol II") of the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Certain_Conventional_Weapons" title="Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons">Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons</a>,<a href="#cite_note-OliphantConfino-377">[372]</a> to which Israel is a party.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_Boothby-378">[373]</a> Article 7, paragraph 2 of Amended Protocol II prohibits the use of "booby-traps or other devices in the form of apparently harmless portable objects which are specifically designed and constructed to contain explosive material."<a href="#cite_note-OliphantConfino-377">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boothby-379">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[375]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_engagement" title="Rules of engagement">rules of engagement</a> of some countries, such as the United Kingdom, also ban explosive devices disguised as harmless items.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_mod-2004-381">[376]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> Law of War Manual gives watches, cameras, tobacco pipes, and headphones as examples of such items,<a href="#cite_note-Boothby-379">[374]</a> which are prohibited to "prevent the production of large quantities of dangerous objects that can be scattered around and are likely to be attractive to civilians, especially children".<a href="#cite_note-OliphantConfino-377">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[377]</a> On 22 September 2024, Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> denied any Israeli involvement in the explosions.<a href="#cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_independent20240922-383">[378]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Bank">West Bank</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_the_West_Bank_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Israel–Hamas war">Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> During the war, the Israeli military was increasingly active in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>. According to Amnesty International, Israel violated international humanitarian law by using disproportionate force during arrest raids, blocking medical assistance to people with life-threatening injuries, attacking paramedics, and conducting unlawful killings.<a href="#cite_note-384">[379]</a> <a href="/wiki/Erika_Guevara_Rosas" title="Erika Guevara Rosas">Erika Guevara Rosas</a>, Amnesty's director of global research, stated, "These unlawful killings are in blatant violation of international human rights law and are committed with impunity".<a href="#cite_note-385">[380]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Saul" title="Ben Saul">Ben Saul</a>, UN special rapporteur on human rights, stated that a November 2023 IDF killing of two boys appeared to be a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-386">[381]</a> On 5 March 2024, the Palestinian Red Crescent stated that it had recorded 427 violations against its medical mission by Israel in the West Bank, terming these a violation of international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-387">[382]</a> Following the demolition of a Palestinian activist's family home in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> — part of a broader wave of forced displacement in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[f]</a> — the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_External_Action_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union External Action Service">European Union External Action Service</a> stated, "Such acts are in violation of International Humanitarian Law".<a href="#cite_note-390">[384]</a> George Noll, head of the U.S. Office of Palestinian Affairs, condemned the demolition.<a href="#cite_note-391">[385]</a> Following the Israeli approval of around 3,500 new illegal settlements in the West Bank, UN human rights chief Volker Türk stated the transfer of Israel's population into the occupied territories was a "war crime under international law".<a href="#cite_note-392">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[387]</a> Following the announcement that Israel was seizing 800 hectares of Palestinian land in the West Bank, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Foreign_Office" title="Federal Foreign Office">Federal Foreign Office</a> stated, "The settlements violate international law and fuel further tensions in this extremely fragile situation."<a href="#cite_note-394">[388]</a> French president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> condemned the expanded settlements, stating they "are contrary to international law".<a href="#cite_note-395">[389]</a> The <a href="/wiki/UN_Human_Rights_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Human Rights Office">UN Human Rights Office</a> stated they were "alarmed" by Israel's expanded settlements and stated they "fly in the face of international law".<a href="#cite_note-396">[390]</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> reported in May 2024 that 11 soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Kfir_Brigade" title="Kfir Brigade">Kfir Brigade</a> (which is primarily active in the West Bank) posted on social media 45 photos and videos showing detained Palestinians; the Israeli Defence Forces did not respond when asked about the individual incidents or individual soldiers involved and identified, instead broadly stating: "In the event of unacceptable behavior, soldiers were disciplined and even suspended from reserve duty."<a href="#cite_note-Merlyn-397">[391]</a> BBC News further reported that the soldiers did not obscure their identities, with some of them posting under names of Yohai Vazana, Ofer Bobrov, Sammy Ben, and Ori Dahbash.<a href="#cite_note-Merlyn-397">[391]</a> According to BBC News, the "detained Palestinians are frequently shown blindfolded and restrained, having been forced to either lie on the floor, or squat, with their hands bound behind their backs", with some detainees being covered in Israeli flags.<a href="#cite_note-Merlyn-397">[391]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Egeland" title="Jan Egeland">Jan Egeland</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">Norwegian Refugee Council</a>, stated, "The failure to hold Israel accountable has allowed its forces to violate IHL [international humanitarian law] without consequence".<a href="#cite_note-398">[392]</a> In September 2024, Israeli soldiers pushed three corpses from a rooftop during a raid on <a href="/wiki/Qabatiya" title="Qabatiya">Qabatiya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-399">[393]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_white_phosphorus_on_civilians">Use of white phosphorus on civilians</h2></div> Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International's Crisis Evidence Lab shared evidence that Israeli military units striking in Gaza and Lebanon have employed <a href="/wiki/White_phosphorus_munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="White phosphorus munitions">white phosphorus artillery rounds</a>; Israel denied the report, calling the accusation "unequivocally false", although it has since admitted to its use.<a href="#cite_note-TimeWP-400">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-APNews_White_Phosphorus-401">[395]</a> White phosphorus munitions are allowed on battlefields for specific purposes such as creating <a href="/wiki/Smoke_screen" title="Smoke screen">smokescreens</a>, generating <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_illumination" title="Battlefield illumination">illumination</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Targeting_(warfare)" title="Targeting (warfare)">marking targets</a>. They are not banned as chemical weapons under international conventions due to these legitimate uses.<a href="#cite_note-TimeWP-400">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[396]</a> However, white phosphorus is also considered an <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">incendiary weapon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Incendiary_Weapons" title="Protocol on Incendiary Weapons">Protocol III</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Certain_Conventional_Weapons" title="Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons">Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons</a> prohibits their use against military targets located among civilians, although Israel is not a signatory.<a href="#cite_note-403">[397]</a> White phosphorus ignites when exposed to atmospheric oxygen, and on contact can <a href="/wiki/White_phosphorus_munitions#Physiological_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="White phosphorus munitions">cause deep and severe injuries</a>, potentially leading to multiple organ failure, and even minor burns can be fatal. According to Human Rights Watch, the use of white phosphorus is "unlawfully indiscriminate when airburst in populated urban areas, where it can burn down houses and cause egregious harm to civilians", and "violates the requirement under international humanitarian law to take all feasible precautions to avoid civilian injury and loss of life".<a href="#cite_note-404">[398]</a> According to Amnesty International weapons investigator <a href="/wiki/Brian_Castner" title="Brian Castner">Brian Castner</a>, whether employing white phosphorus constitutes a war crime depends on the intended target and intended use, but that "generally, any attacks that fail to discriminate between civilians and military forces can potentially be a violation of the laws of war".<a href="#cite_note-405">[399]</a> On 31 October, after an investigation, Amnesty International stated that an 16 October Israeli white phosphorus attack was indiscriminate, unlawful, and "must be investigated as a war crime", due to its use on the populated Lebanese town of Dhayra, which injured at least nine civilians.<a href="#cite_note-406">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[401]</a> On 2 November, Amnesty International stated its investigations into four incidents on 10, 11, 16 and 17 October showed Israel had used white phosphorus munitions.<a href="#cite_note-408">[402]</a> In Lebanon, Israel's white phosphorus bombs have destroyed over 4.5 million sq m of forest in southern Lebanon with the economic loses being valued at nearly 20 million dollars.<a href="#cite_note-409">[403]</a> An investigation by the Washington Post uncovered that white phosphorus used in an October attack that injured 9 people in Lebanon were supplied by the US.<a href="#cite_note-410">[404]</a> In June 2024, Human Rights Watch verified the unlawful use of white phosphorus munitions over five populated residential municipalities.<a href="#cite_note-411">[405]</a> According to the Lebanese Health Ministry, at least 173 people have needed medical intervention for white phosphorus exposure.<a href="#cite_note-APNews_White_Phosphorus-401">[395]</a> In October 2024, a leaked UN report stated the Israeli military entered a <a href="/wiki/Unifil" class="mw-redirect" title="Unifil">Unifil</a> base and used white phosphorus, injuring 15 peacekeepers.<a href="#cite_note-412">[406]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Killing_of_surrendered_people">Killing of surrendered people</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surrendered_Palestinians">Surrendered Palestinians</h3></div> On 10 October, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defence_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defence Force">Israeli Defence Force</a> published a video that appeared to show IDF soldiers shooting four surrendering Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-Israeli_army_tweets_video_that_appears_to_show-413">[407]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[408]</a> Footage analysis indicated the men appeared to be surrendering, with three men getting on the ground with their arms raised, one waving a piece of white clothing. None of them appeared to be armed at the time of the shooting, while a subsequent video showed the bodies had been moved, with weapons placed near them on the ground. The analysis concluded the four men were unarmed Palestinians who left Gaza through a breach in the separation wall.<a href="#cite_note-Israeli_army_tweets_video_that_appears_to_show-413">[407]</a> An IDF spokesman said he had no comment.<a href="#cite_note-Israeli_army_tweets_video_that_appears_to_show-413">[407]</a> Killing surrendered civilians or combatants is a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-415">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[410]</a> In video footage dated 8 December 2023, the Israeli military is seen killing two Palestinians from the West Bank's <a href="/wiki/Far%27a" title="Far'a">Far'a refugee camp</a> in what <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> described as "illegal executions". One man holding a canister was shot, and was then gunned down while he laid bleeding on the ground. A second man, who was completely unarmed and hiding under a car, was shot and killed instantly. The Israeli military later said they would investigate the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-417">[411]</a> Human rights groups documented multiple instances of civilians in Gaza being shot by Israeli soldiers while waving <a href="/wiki/White_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="White flags">white flags</a>.<a href="#cite_note-418">[412]</a> The Human Rights Watch Israel-Palestine director stated Israel had a "track record of unlawfully firing at unarmed people who pose no threat with impunity – even those waving white flags".<a href="#cite_note-419">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-421">[g]</a> In early January, a video surfaced dating to 12 November showing displaced Palestinians evacuating Gaza City, including a woman and her child. Despite the group clearly carrying white flags, the woman was reportedly shot and killed by an Israeli sniper.<a href="#cite_note-422">[415]</a> On 24 January 2024, British network <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> released footage of an Israeli sniper shooting and killing a man carrying a white flag whom the journalist had interviewed only moments before his death.<a href="#cite_note-423">[416]</a> Both the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">Norwegian Refugee Council</a> and Amnesty International termed it a possible war crime.<a href="#cite_note-424">[417]</a> An IDF senior commander later stated, "There are mistakes, it is war."<a href="#cite_note-425">[418]</a> According to a witness interviewed by Al Jazeera, the corpses of 30 people were found on 31 January 2024 inside a schoolyard in northern Gaza, with the bodies reportedly blindfolded, and their legs and hands tied.<a href="#cite_note-426">[419]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[421]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Council_on_American-Islamic_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Council on American-Islamic Relations">Council on American-Islamic Relations</a> said the incident should be probed and added to South Africa's ICJ case against Israel.<a href="#cite_note-429">[422]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine)">Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> called it a "violation of all relevant international norms and laws".<a href="#cite_note-430">[423]</a> The Canadian-Palestinian former peace negotiator <a href="/wiki/Diana_Buttu" title="Diana Buttu">Diana Buttu</a> stated the incident was "clearly a war crime".<a href="#cite_note-431">[424]</a> In March 2024, a man in <a href="/wiki/Zeitoun,_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeitoun, Gaza">Zeitoun</a> was deliberately run over by an Israeli tank while handcuffed, according to the Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor.<a href="#cite_note-432">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[426]</a> Footage obtained by Al Jazeera English showed two men waving white flags being killed by Israeli forces, then buried by army bulldozers.<a href="#cite_note-434">[427]</a> The IDF confirmed the killing of the two men, stating they had been acting in a "suspicious manner" and didn't respond to warning shots; they said they buried them with bulldozers as they feared they were carrying explosives.<a href="#cite_note-435">[428]</a> The Palestine Red Crescent Society condemned Israel's actions as "extrajudicial killings".<a href="#cite_note-436">[429]</a> The Council on American-Islamic Relations called the killings a "heinous war crime".<a href="#cite_note-437">[430]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surrendered_Israeli_hostages">Surrendered Israeli hostages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alon_Shamriz,_Yotam_Haim,_and_Samer_Talalka" title="Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka">Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka</a></div> On 15 December, the IDF released a statement announcing that they had killed three of their own hostages by <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a>. According to the Israeli military, they "mistakenly identified three Israeli hostages as a threat" during operations in <a href="/wiki/Shuja%27iyya" title="Shuja'iyya">Shuja'iyya</a> and subsequently fired at them, killing them.<a href="#cite_note-438">[431]</a><a href="#cite_note-439">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-440">[433]</a> According to an Israeli military official on 16 December, the three hostages were shirtless and waving a <a href="/wiki/White_flag" title="White flag">white flag</a>. The official claimed that one soldier responded to this by "open[ing] fire" and "declar[ing] that they're terrorists"; more Israeli forces fired, killing two hostages "immediately" and wounding the third hostage, who appealed for help in Hebrew.<a href="#cite_note-441">[434]</a> The wounded hostage was pursued into a nearby building by IDF soldiers, where he was killed despite continued pleas for help.<a href="#cite_note-442">[435]</a> Though he claimed that the soldiers were "under pressure" when this happened, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Herzi_Halevi" title="Herzi Halevi">Herzi Halevi</a> also stated that "It is forbidden to shoot at someone who raises a white flag and seeks to surrender", a sentiment echoed by the former head of <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-443">[436]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nahum_Barnea" title="Nahum Barnea">Nahum Barnea</a> wrote that the killing of the hostages, unarmed and waving a white flag, was a "war crime" and that "international law is very clear on the issue".<a href="#cite_note-444">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-445">[438]</a> A preliminary IDF investigation found the soldiers were told to open fire on all fighting-age men who approached them, after a number of incidents where militants disguised themselves as civilians to approach soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-446">[439]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perfidy_by_the_IDF">Perfidy by the IDF</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Perfidy" title="Perfidy">Perfidy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_forces_disguised_as_civilians">Israeli forces disguised as civilians</h3></div> On 30 January 2024, Israeli forces entered the <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sina_Specialized_Hospital" title="Ibn Sina Specialized Hospital">Ibn Sina hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a> disguised as medics and civilians while carrying concealed rifles.<a href="#cite_note-447">[440]</a> After entering the hospital they drew their weapons and killed three militants — one member of <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and two members of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a> — one of whom was a patient.<a href="#cite_note-448">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[442]</a><a href="#cite_note-450">[443]</a> The International Committee of the Red Cross expressed concern that the raid was a violation of international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-451">[444]</a> Aurel Sari, a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a>, stated, "By disguising themselves as civilians and as medical personnel, the Israeli forces involved in the operation appear to have resorted to <a href="/wiki/Perfidy" title="Perfidy">perfidy</a> in violation of the applicable rules."<a href="#cite_note-452">[445]</a> Tom Dannenbaum, a professor of international law, stated, "Someone who is paralyzed is incapacitated in that respect, so an attack on that individual would be prohibited. Violating that prohibition would be a war crime."<a href="#cite_note-453">[446]</a> The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs called the shootings a <a href="/wiki/Crime_against_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime against humanity">crime against humanity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-454">[447]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent_Commission_for_Human_Rights" title="The Independent Commission for Human Rights">The Independent Commission for Human Rights</a> called the attack "an assault on an institution protected by international law".<a href="#cite_note-455">[448]</a> <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a> stated it was a "seemingly planned <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_execution" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial execution">extrajudicial execution</a>."<a href="#cite_note-456">[449]</a> The IDF initially said the raid had been a "joint IDF, ISA, and Israel Police counterterrorism activity", and later said that none of their soldiers were physically present during the raid.<a href="#cite_note-457">[450]</a> A panel of human rights experts appointed by the <a href="/wiki/UN_Human_Rights_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Human Rights Council">UN Human Rights Council</a> stated the raid could constitute a war crime and recommended an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-458">[451]</a> In June 2024, UN experts condemned Israel's use of perfidy during the <a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_refugee_camp_massacre" title="Nuseirat refugee camp massacre">Nuseirat refugee camp massacre</a>, stating Israeli forces "entered Nuseirat disguised as displaced persons and aid workers in a humanitarian truck. They violently raided the area, assaulting residents with intense ground and air attacks that spread terror, death and despair."<a href="#cite_note-459">[452]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_human_shields">Use of human shields</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Human_shields_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict#2023–2024_Israel–Hamas_war" title="Human shields in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Human shields in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict § 2023–2024 Israel–Hamas war</a></div> On 17 January 2024, Israeli soldiers were recorded using a Palestinian shop-owner in <a href="/wiki/Dura,_Hebron" title="Dura, Hebron">Dura, Hebron</a>, West Bank, as a human shield.<a href="#cite_note-460">[453]</a><a href="#cite_note-461">[454]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, the shop-owner stated, "He (the first soldier) told me that he will use me as a human shield, that young people shouldn't hurl stones."<a href="#cite_note-462">[455]</a> On 9 February, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Red_Crescent_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Red Crescent Society">Palestinian Red Crescent Society</a> stated that an ambulance crew in <a href="/wiki/Beita,_Nablus" title="Beita, Nablus">Beita, Nablus</a>, West Bank had been detained by Israeli forces and used as human shields.<a href="#cite_note-463">[456]</a> A 21-year-old man from <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a> stated to Al Jazeera that he had been used as a human shield by Israeli forces.<a href="#cite_note-464">[457]</a> In June 2024, Israeli forces tied a wounded man to the front of their jeep, eliciting condemnation for the IDF's use of Palestinian human shields.<a href="#cite_note-465">[458]</a> In July 2024, footage showed Israeli soldiers apparently using Palestinian human shields to enter buildings.<a href="#cite_note-466">[459]</a> In August 2024, sources stated that Israeli forces were using Palestinians as human shields when they entered tunnels and buildings in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-467">[460]</a> An investigation found that Israeli regularly used Palestinian human shields in the Gaza Strip to avoid putting Israeli soldiers in danger.<a href="#cite_note-468">[461]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abuse_and_humiliation_of_detainees">Abuse and humiliation of detainees</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Torture during the Israel–Hamas war">Torture during the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> Video evidence surfaced of what was described as a "flagrant violation of international laws related to the protection of civilians" by Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor. Israeli soldiers were shown surrounding detainees in <a href="/wiki/Yatta,_Hebron" title="Yatta, Hebron">Yatta, Hebron</a> who were being dragged and assaulted by the Israeli soldiers. Many of the detainees had been stripped naked, having both their arms and feet bound, and beaten with the butts of rifles and trampled.<a href="#cite_note-469">[462]</a> Video evidence depicting degradation towards detainees shows Israeli soldiers transporting Palestinians from Ofer prison, all of whom are blindfolded and stripped completely naked.<a href="#cite_note-470">[463]</a> In another video uploaded by an Israeli soldier, a blindfolded and bound Palestinian is shown kneeling on the ground. The soldier taunts him in Arabic, telling him "صباح الخير يا قحبة" (Good morning, whore) before repeatedly kicking and spitting on him.<a href="#cite_note-471">[464]</a> On 11 December, Human Rights Watch director, Omar Shakir, stated the blindfolding and stripping of Palestinian detainees represented a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-472">[465]</a><a href="#cite_note-473">[466]</a> On 20 December 2023, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> called for an investigation into mass detentions, disappearances, inhumane treatment, and detainee deaths.<a href="#cite_note-474">[467]</a> In February 2024, the BBC published a report detailing documented instances of Israeli soldiers abusing and humiliating Palestinian detainees, which <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ellis_(lawyer)" title="Mark Ellis (lawyer)">Mark Ellis</a>, an expert on international criminal tribunals, said showed possible violations of laws regarding prisoners of war.<a href="#cite_note-475">[468]</a> After the IDF dismissed one of the reservists shown in the video, Sir <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Nice" title="Geoffrey Nice">Geoffrey Nice</a>, an expert on war crimes, stated a wider investigation was needed beyond the dismissal.<a href="#cite_note-476">[469]</a> In March 2024, the United Nations stated that Israel had detained and tortured its employees in Gaza, extracting forced confessions.<a href="#cite_note-477">[470]</a><a href="#cite_note-478">[471]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a> analysis found instances of a collection of images and videos showing the IDF degrading Palestinian detainees, which <a href="/wiki/Queen%E2%80%99s_University_Belfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen’s University Belfast">Queen’s University Belfast</a> war crimes professor Luke Moffett stated showed potential war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-479">[472]</a> CNN reported of an Israeli military base in the <a href="/wiki/Negev_desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Negev desert">Negev desert</a> that functions as a detention center for Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-u077-480">[473]</a> In July 2024, Amnesty International stated Israel needed to end the indefinite detention of Palestinian prisoners without trial, stating it was a "flagrant violation of international law".<a href="#cite_note-481">[474]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_violence">Sexual violence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_against_Palestinians_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinians during the Israel–Hamas war">Sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinians during the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> On 19 February 2024, a report co-authored by <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Albanese" title="Francesca Albanese">Francesca Albanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reem_Alsalem" title="Reem Alsalem">Reem Alsalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_special_rapporteur" title="United Nations special rapporteur">United Nations special rapporteurs</a>, urged an inquiry into allegations of serious <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations">human rights violations</a> against <a href="/wiki/Palestinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian">Palestinian</a> women and girls in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> by <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defence Forces">Israeli forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greyman-482">[475]</a> The allegations involve rape and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">sexual violence</a>. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a press release on 19 February, citing those claims and referring to photos allegedly taken by Israeli troops showing female detainees in degrading circumstances posted online.<a href="#cite_note-483">[476]</a> In an interview, Alsalem described the allegations as based on "reasonably credible information" and cited <a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_Human_Rights_Monitor" title="Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor">Euro-Med Monitor</a> as their source.<a href="#cite_note-Greyman-482">[475]</a> The report stated, "Palestinian women and girls in detention have also been subjected to multiple forms of sexual assault, such as being stripped naked and searched by male Israeli army officers. At least two female Palestinian detainees were reportedly raped".<a href="#cite_note-484">[477]</a> In response to the report, a spokesman for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> said, "Civilians and detainees must be treated humanely, and in accordance with international humanitarian law."<a href="#cite_note-485">[478]</a> <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Human_Rights-Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Physicians for Human Rights-Israel">Physicians for Human Rights-Israel</a> also described the sexual humiliation of detainees, including sexual insults and urination on prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-486">[479]</a> The Palestinian Prisoner's Society stated men had been subjected to severe sexual assault, including attempted rape and violating strip searches.<a href="#cite_note-487">[480]</a> A story originally reported by <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> of alleged rape of Palestinian women by IDF soldiers at <a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital" title="Al-Shifa Hospital">Al-Shifa Hospital</a> was later retracted as a fabrication.<a href="#cite_note-488">[481]</a> A June 2024 The New York Times investigation detailed allegations stating that Israeli interrogators in the <a href="/wiki/Sde_Teiman_detention_camp" title="Sde Teiman detention camp">Sde Teiman detention camp</a> had inserted hot metal sticks inside detainee's anuses. One detainee reportedly died from the resultant injuries.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-prisoner-abuse-489">[482]</a> An April 2024 Haaretz investigation found that prisoners in <a href="/wiki/Ktzi%27ot_Prison" title="Ktzi'ot Prison">Ktzi'ot Prison</a> were routinely stripped and humiliated, and they were also deliberately struck in the testicles while undergoing naked checks with a metal detector.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz-prisoner-abuse-490">[483]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reem_Alsalem" title="Reem Alsalem">Reem Alsalem</a>, the UN special rapporteur on violence against women and girls, criticized the underreporting of sexual violence against Palestinians, stating, "Rape and other forms of sexual violence can constitute war crimes, crimes against humanity or a constitutive act with respect to genocide! It must stop!"<a href="#cite_note-491">[484]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genocide">Genocide</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa's genocide case against Israel</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">Palestinian genocide accusation</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza_genocide&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg/220px-Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg/330px-Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg/440px-Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Palestinians with body bags, Gaza Strip, October 2023</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> has been accused of carrying out a <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian people</a> by experts, governments, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> agencies, and <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-governmental organisation">non-governmental organisations</a> during <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">its invasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of the Gaza Strip">bombing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> in the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ohchr-492">[485]</a><a href="#cite_note-493">[486]</a> Various observers, including the <a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Israeli_Practices_Affecting_the_Human_Rights_of_the_Palestinian_People" title="Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People">UN Special Committee to investigate Israeli practices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Albanese" title="Francesca Albanese">Francesca Albanese</a> (the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur_on_the_occupied_Palestinian_territories" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories">United Nations Special Rapporteur</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Albanese_anatomy_of_a_genocide-494">[487]</a> have cited statements by senior Israeli officials that may indicate an "<a href="/wiki/Genocidal_intent" title="Genocidal intent">intent to destroy</a>" (in whole or in part) Gaza's population, a necessary condition for the legal threshold of genocide to be met.<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ohchr-492">[485]</a><a href="#cite_note-495">[488]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_StateCrime-496">[489]</a> A majority of mostly US-based Middle East scholars believe Israel's actions in Gaza were intended to make it uninhabitable for Palestinians, and 75% of them say Israel's actions in Gaza constitute either genocide or "major war crimes akin to genocide".<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Brookings-497">[490]</a> In June 2024, the UN Human Rights Office condemned the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_health_workers_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Killing of health workers in the Israel–Hamas war">reported killing of 500 health workers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-498">[491]</a> As of August 2024, only 17 of Gaza's 36 hospitals were partially functional;<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_unocha2808-499">[492]</a> 84% of health centers in the region have been <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war">destroyed or suffered damage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-500">[493]</a> An <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip">enforced Israeli blockade</a> heavily contributed to <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">starvation</a> and the threat of famine in the Gaza Strip, while Israeli forces prevented <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war">humanitarian supplies</a> from reaching the Palestinian population, blocking or attacking humanitarian convoys. Early in the conflict, Israel cut off water and electricity supply from the Gaza Strip. Israel has also <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">destroyed numerous culturally significant buildings</a>, including 13 libraries,<a href="#cite_note-501">[494]</a><a href="#cite_note-502">[495]</a> all of Gaza's 12 universities and 80% of its schools,<a href="#cite_note-503">[496]</a><a href="#cite_note-504">[497]</a> dozens of mosques, three churches, and two museums.<a href="#cite_note-505">[498]</a><a href="#cite_note-506">[499]</a><a href="#cite_note-507">[500]</a> By mid-August 2024, after nine months of attacks, Israeli military action had resulted in over 40,000 confirmed Palestinian deaths—1 out of every 59 people in Gaza—averaging 148 deaths per day. Most of the victims are civilians,<a href="#cite_note-508">[501]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Tantesh_&_Graham-Harrison-509">[502]</a> of whom at least 50% are <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war#Gaza_Strip" title="Women in the Israel–Hamas war">women</a> and <a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_on_children_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Effect of the Israel–Hamas war on children in the Gaza Strip">children</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Spagat-May-510">[503]</a><a href="#cite_note-511">[504]</a> and more than <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_journalists_in_the_2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of journalists in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war">100 journalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-512">[505]</a><a href="#cite_note-513">[506]</a><a href="#cite_note-514">[507]</a> Thousands more dead bodies are thought to be under the rubble of destroyed buildings.<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Tantesh_&_Graham-Harrison-509">[502]</a><a href="#cite_note-515">[508]</a> The government of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> has instituted proceedings, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_v._Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa v. Israel">South Africa v. Israel</a>, against Israel at the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> (ICJ), alleging a violation of the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29-516">[509]</a> In an initial ruling, the ICJ held that South Africa was entitled to bring its case against Israel, while Palestinians were recognised to have "a plausible right to be protected from genocide"<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Donoghue-517">[510]</a> that faced a real risk of irreparable damage. The court ordered Israel to observe its obligations under the Genocide Convention by taking all measures within its power to prevent the commission of acts of genocide, to prevent and punish incitement to genocide, and to allow basic humanitarian services into Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ICJruling-518">[511]</a><a href="#cite_note-519">[512]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Casciani-520">[513]</a> The court also later ordered Israel to increase humanitarian aid into Gaza and to prevent genocidal acts during the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah offensive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-521">[514]</a><a href="#cite_note-522">[515]</a> The Israeli government rejected South Africa's allegations.<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Casciani-520">[513]</a> Israel's supporters say that accusing Israel of genocide is antisemitic,<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_NBC-2024-01-26-523">[516]</a><a href="#cite_note-524">[517]</a> but others argue that this is a <a href="/wiki/Weaponization_of_antisemitism" title="Weaponization of antisemitism">weaponization of antisemitism</a>, intended to shield Israel from such allegations.<a href="#cite_note-525">[518]</a><a href="#cite_note-526">[519]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms_transfers">Arms transfers</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</a></div> States transferring weapons to Israel faced charges of violations of international law. In February 2024, a group of more than a dozen <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_special_rapporteur" title="United Nations special rapporteur">United Nations special rapporteurs</a> stated that any export of weapons or munitions to Israel was "likely to violate international humanitarian law."<a href="#cite_note-527">[520]</a> The UN experts stated that parties signed to the <a href="/wiki/Arms_Trade_Treaty" title="Arms Trade Treaty">Arms Trade Treaty</a> have additional obligations to deny arms exports if the weapons could be used for serious violations of international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-528">[521]</a> The group called for an <a href="/wiki/Arms_embargo" title="Arms embargo">arms embargo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-529">[522]</a> In a statement, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> stated that the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s refusal to suspend arms transfer to Israel put it "at risk of failing to prevent and being complicit in serious violations of international law, including war crimes and crimes against humanity".<a href="#cite_note-530">[523]</a> In March 2024, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nicaragua" title="Government of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> filed a <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">lawsuit</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> against <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Germany">Germany</a>, stating that its financial and military support to Israel was facilitating genocide in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-531">[524]</a> Canadian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Joly" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanie Joly">Melanie Joly</a> was sued by the Canadian Lawyers for International Human Rights group for authorizing the export of weapons used by Israel to violate international law.<a href="#cite_note-532">[525]</a> Soon after, Joly stated the Canadian government was no longer issuing new weapons export licenses to the Israeli military.<a href="#cite_note-533">[526]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Denmark">Government of Denmark</a> was sued by Oxfam, Amnesty International, Action Aid, and Al-Haq for their arms transfers to Israel, with the organizations stating, "Denmark violates international rules on arms trade and risks becoming complicit in violations of international humanitarian law – including war crimes – and a plausible genocide."<a href="#cite_note-534">[527]</a> In March 2024, Human Rights Watch and <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> stated that Israel was committing violations of international humanitarian law with weapons provided by the United States.<a href="#cite_note-535">[528]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">UK Foreign Office</a> minister <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mitchell" title="Andrew Mitchell">Andrew Mitchell</a> stated Israeli compliance with international humanitarian law was under review, the UK shadow foreign secretary <a href="/wiki/David_Lammy" title="David Lammy">David Lammy</a> stated arms export licenses should be denied if "there is a clear risk that the items might be used to commit or facilitate a serious violation of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-536">[529]</a> 600 UK lawyers, including three former justices of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</a>, stated the UK's arming of Israel was a breach of international law.<a href="#cite_note-537">[530]</a> Following reports the UK Foreign Office found Israel had violated international humanitarian law, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Nice" title="Geoffrey Nice">Geoffrey Nice</a> stated, "Countries supplying arms to Israel may now be complicit in criminal warfare."<a href="#cite_note-538">[531]</a> In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> called on all states to cease weapons transfers to Israel and Palestine while there is "a risk they could be used to commit or facilitate serious violations of international law".<a href="#cite_note-539">[532]</a> In June 2024, a group of thirty UN experts stated arms and ammunitions manufacturers transferring weapons to Israel may be complicit in violations of international law.<a href="#cite_note-540">[533]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_reactions">International reactions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactions to the Israel–Hamas war">Reactions to the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governments">Governments</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Heads_of_state">Heads of state</h4></div> Numerous <a href="/wiki/Heads_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of state">heads of state</a> criticized Israel's war crimes. Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan criticized Western countries for their complicity as Israel committed war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-541">[534]</a> Colombian President <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a> termed Israel's campaign as a genocide.<a href="#cite_note-542">[535]</a> Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdel Fattah al-Sisi">Abdel Fattah al-Sisi</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Abdullah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="King Abdullah II">King Abdullah II</a> of Jordan both condemned the collective punishment of Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-543">[536]</a> Irish President <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a> demanded the <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital_explosion" title="Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion">al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion</a> be investigated as a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-547">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-548">[540]</a> Chilean President <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a> condemned Israel's "collective punishment" the Gazan civilian population<a href="#cite_note-549">[541]</a><a href="#cite_note-550">[542]</a> South African President <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> condemned the collective punishment of Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-551">[543]</a> Brazilian President <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a> stated, "It's not a war, it's a genocide."<a href="#cite_note-552">[544]</a> Belgian deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Petra_De_Sutter" title="Petra De Sutter">Petra De Sutter</a> called for sanctions against Israel and an EU ban on countries responsible for war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-553">[545]</a> On 10 November 2023, Norwegian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Jonas Gahr Støre</a> stated Israel's actions violated international laws of war.<a href="#cite_note-554">[546]</a> Spanish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sanchez" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Sanchez">Pedro Sanchez</a> described the Israeli actions in Gaza as "indiscriminate killing" and stated he had "serious doubts" Israel was following international law.<a href="#cite_note-555">[547]</a><a href="#cite_note-556">[548]</a> Palestinian president <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> called Israel actions in Gaza a genocide.<a href="#cite_note-557">[549]</a> Irish PM <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> stated Israel was committing collective punishment.<a href="#cite_note-558">[550]</a> Qatari prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani">Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani</a> called for an international investigation into Israeli war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-559">[551]</a><a href="#cite_note-560">[552]</a> On 12 December 2023, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> described Israel's attacks as "indiscriminate".<a href="#cite_note-561">[553]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_ministers">Foreign ministers</h4></div> Chinese Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a> stated Israel was collectively punishing Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-562">[554]</a> Indonesian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Retno_Marsudi" title="Retno Marsudi">Retno Marsudi</a> described Israeli actions in Gaza as crimes against humanity.<a href="#cite_note-563">[555]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdulla_Shahid" title="Abdulla Shahid">Abdulla Shahid</a>, Foreign Minister of the Maldives, warned the <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_northern_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Evacuation of northern Gaza">evacuation of northern Gaza</a> could amount to the "war crime of forcible transfer".<a href="#cite_note-564">[556]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Amirabdollahian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hossein Amirabdollahian">Hossein Amirabdollahian</a> described the events as genocide and a crime against humanity.<a href="#cite_note-565">[557]</a> Russian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> criticized Israel's "indiscriminate" force and "flagrant" violations of international humanitarian law, stating the conflict risked creating a crisis that would last "many decades, if not centuries".<a href="#cite_note-566">[558]</a><a href="#cite_note-567">[559]</a> Syrian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Mekdad" title="Faisal Mekdad">Faisal Mekdad</a> termed Israeli actions as a genocide.<a href="#cite_note-568">[560]</a> In a joint statement, the Foreign Ministers of nine Arab countries — the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, Jordan, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> — described Israeli actions as collective punishment.<a href="#cite_note-569">[561]</a> Oman's Foreign Minister, <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Badr_Albusaidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Badr Albusaidi">Sayyid Badr Albusaidi</a>, called for a war crimes investigation into Israeli action in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-570">[562]</a> Qatari foreign minister, Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani, stated Israel's Al-Shifa Hospital siege was a "war crime and a blatant violation of international laws".<a href="#cite_note-571">[563]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ayman_Safadi" title="Ayman Safadi">Ayman Safadi</a>, the Jordanian foreign minister, stated Israel's actions fit within the legal definition of genocide.<a href="#cite_note-572">[564]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)">Egyptian Foreign Ministry</a> stated Israel was engaged in collective punishment through its sieges, indiscriminate targeting of civilians, and starvation.<a href="#cite_note-573">[565]</a> On 9 January 2024, <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>, the British foreign secretary, stated he was "worried" Israel had breached international law in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-574">[566]</a> On 14 January 2024, Cameron said that "Israel is acting in self-defence" and denied that Israel is committing war crimes in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-575">[567]</a> On 14 February, Italian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Antonio Tajani</a> described Israel's attack on Gaza as disproportionate.<a href="#cite_note-576">[568]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a>, the Vatican's <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>, described Israel's response as disproportionate.<a href="#cite_note-577">[569]</a> Quoting <a href="/wiki/Giora_Eiland" title="Giora Eiland">Giora Eiland</a>, the EU's top diplomat <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a> stated Israel's objective appeared to be to "turn Gaza into a place that is temporarily or permanently impossible to live in".<a href="#cite_note-578">[570]</a> Borrell later suggested the EU should consider sanctions on Israeli ministers <a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Bezalel Smotrich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Itamar Ben-Gvir</a> for "incitement to war crimes".<a href="#cite_note-579">[571]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a>, the Irish foreign minister, stated the 7 October attacks and Israel's actions in Gaza both "represents the blatant violation of international humanitarian law on a mass scale".<a href="#cite_note-580">[572]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_officials">Other officials</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Ione_Belarra" title="Ione Belarra">Ione Belarra</a>, the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Social Affairs (Spain)">minister of social rights</a>, accused the EU and the US of "being complicit in Israel's war crimes."<a href="#cite_note-581">[573]</a> Belarra further called for Israel to be denounced before the International Criminal Court for genocide in the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-582">[574]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" title="Workers' Party (Brazil)">Workers Party</a> of Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva officially classified Israeli actions in Gaza as genocide.<a href="#cite_note-583">[575]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Parliament of Sri Lanka">Parliament of Sri Lanka</a> sent a letter to the UN secretary general, stating, Israel's "indiscriminate bombings in hospitals, amounts to a war crime under international law and the Geneva Convention."<a href="#cite_note-584">[576]</a> U.S. officials reported alarm at Israeli claims of the "inevitability" of civilian deaths, after they used the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a> as historical examples.<a href="#cite_note-585">[577]</a> On 20 December 2023, <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a> reported US officials were urging Switzerland against a Geneva Convention conference.<a href="#cite_note-586">[578]</a> Eran Etzion, the former deputy head of Israel's <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Israel)" title="National Security Council (Israel)">National Security Council</a>, stated, "If a soldier or an officer is expected to commit something that might be suspected as a war crime, they must refuse."<a href="#cite_note-587">[579]</a> U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Chris_Van_Hollen" title="Chris Van Hollen">Chris Van Hollen</a> accused Israel of committing "textbook war crimes".<a href="#cite_note-588">[580]</a> French Senator <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Gontard" title="Guillaume Gontard">Guillaume Gontard</a> stated that the Israeli prime minister was "using hunger as a weapon" in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-589">[581]</a> Australian Senator <a href="/wiki/Mehreen_Faruqi" title="Mehreen Faruqi">Mehreen Faruqi</a> stated, "Israel is committing war crime after war crime in broad daylight and is getting away with it."<a href="#cite_note-590">[582]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Frazier" title="Vanessa Frazier">Vanessa Frazier</a>, the Maltese ambassador to the UN, stated Israel's blocking of humanitarian aid "may amount to a crime against humanity and a war crime".<a href="#cite_note-591">[583]</a> Qatari diplomat Sheikha <a href="/wiki/Alya_Ahmed_Saif_Al-Thani" title="Alya Ahmed Saif Al-Thani">Alya Ahmed Saif Al-Thani</a> stated the Al-Shifa Hospital siege was a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-592">[584]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Nicolas de Rivière">Nicolas de Rivière</a>, the French ambassador to the United Nations, called for an immediate ceasefire, stating, "It has to stop. What’s happening right now is totally contrary to the Geneva Conventions."<a href="#cite_note-593">[585]</a> In a confidential memo, the Dutch defense attaché stated Israel was violating international law by "deliberately causing massive destruction to the infrastructure and civilian centers" of Gaza to restore deterrence against Iran and Hezbollah.<a href="#cite_note-594">[586]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humanitarian_organizations">Humanitarian organizations</h3></div> On 6 December, Oxfam stated the international community, and in particular, Israel's allies, were "complicit in the mass death, <a href="/wiki/Forcible_displacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Forcible displacement">forcible displacement</a>, starvation and deprivation being inflicted upon more than 2 million people."<a href="#cite_note-595">[587]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Human_Rights" title="International Federation for Human Rights">International Federation for Human Rights</a> stated Israel's actions in Gaza constituted an unfolding genocide and called for the arrest of Israeli government officials.<a href="#cite_note-596">[588]</a> A group of 31 Palestinian human rights organizations, led by <a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a>, wrote to UN chief António Guterres stating UN aid agencies were in breach of international law by aiding Israel's war objectives.<a href="#cite_note-597">[589]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">Norwegian Refugee Council</a> stated any push of Gazans into Egypt would be a war crime or crime against humanity.<a href="#cite_note-598">[590]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>, a body of 120 countries, issued a statement calling Israel's war on Gaza "illegal".<a href="#cite_note-599">[591]</a> In February 2024, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> warned that states arming Israel risked violating international law, stating, "By providing arms to Israel, EU states and the US are violating their responsibility to prevent genocide and contributing to war crimes and crimes against humanity."<a href="#cite_note-600">[592]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Callamard" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnes Callamard">Agnes Callamard</a>, the head of Amnesty, wrote for <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>, stating international law was in its "death throes" due to the "culmination of years of erosion of the international rule of law and global human rights system".<a href="#cite_note-601">[593]</a> The Israel-Palestine director for <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> stated that years of no accountability for Israel had led to "this flagrant disregard for the most basic principles" of international law.<a href="#cite_note-602">[594]</a> In March 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights" title="Palestinian Centre for Human Rights">Palestinian Centre for Human Rights</a> stated that Europe and the U.S. were allowing Israel to commit crimes "with the absence of mechanisms that would compel it to abide by the rules of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-603">[595]</a> <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Human_Rights%E2%80%93Israel" title="Physicians for Human Rights–Israel">Physicians for Human Rights–Israel</a> stated it was preparing to take the Israeli military to court for its "indiscriminate" <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Gaza">bombing of Gaza</a>, stating Israel was failing to fulfill its "obligation according to international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-604">[596]</a> In May 2024, the <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a> condemned Israel's "violations of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-605">[597]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> urged adherence to the Geneva Conventions in August 2024, stating they were being ignored in Gaza and elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-606">[598]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_special_rapporteur" title="United Nations special rapporteur">Independent United Nations experts</a><a href="#cite_note-608">[i]</a> condemned the IDF's actions in Gaza, saying Israel had resorted to "indiscriminate military attacks" and "<a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a>".<a href="#cite_note-609">[600]</a> Israeli authorities said that the airstrikes are intended to degrade the military infrastructure that is frequently constructed in close proximity to residential areas and civilian establishments.<a href="#cite_note-610">[601]</a> They also denounced the "deliberate and widespread killing and hostage-taking of innocent civilians" by Hamas, calling them "heinous violations of international law and international crimes".<a href="#cite_note-UNexpertsOct12-607">[599]</a> Israel's <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_northern_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Evacuation of northern Gaza">forced evacuation of northern Gaza</a> also drew international condemnation. On 13 October 2023, Paula Gaviria Betancur, UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights of <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced persons</a>, called it a "crime against humanity".<a href="#cite_note-ohchr-rescind-611">[602]</a> On 14 October, <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Albanese" title="Francesca Albanese">Francesca Albanese</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur_on_the_occupied_Palestinian_territories" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories">United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories</a>, characterized it as a "repeat of the 1948 <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a>", noting Israeli public officials' open advocacy for another Nakba.<a href="#cite_note-612">[603]</a> On 16 November, UN experts reported that "grave violations" committed by Israeli forces against the Palestinians of Gaza "point to a genocide in the making" and called on the international community to prevent this unfolding genocide.<a href="#cite_note-613">[604]</a> The <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a> expressed concern regarding reports of "mass detentions, ill-treatment and enforced disappearances of possibly thousands of Palestinians" in the north of Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-detainees_from_Gaza-614">[605]</a><a href="#cite_note-615">[606]</a> On 23 February 2024, the OHCHR stated that any transfer of weapons to Israel must be halted immediately as their use in Gaza is "likely to violate international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-616">[607]</a> On 27 March, Albanese stated that there are "reasonable grounds" to believe that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza through the use of unlawful weaponry, the destruction of civilian infrastructure and man made starvation, which has been accompanied by "a pervasive anti-Palestinian narrative and dehumanization emanating from the uppermost tiers of Israeli society."<a href="#cite_note-617">[608]</a> In March 2024, Betancur stated the world "must abandon the fiction that Israel will respect the principles of international humanitarian and human rights law in its military operations".<a href="#cite_note-618">[609]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balakrishnan_Rajagopal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balakrishnan Rajagopal (page does not exist)">Balakrishnan Rajagopal</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balakrishnan_Rajagopal" class="extiw" title="de:Balakrishnan Rajagopal">de</a>], the UN special rapporteur on the right to adequate housing, stated Israel's destruction of housing and civilian infrastructure amounted to a war crime and crime against humanity.<a href="#cite_note-619">[610]</a><a href="#cite_note-621">[j]</a> UN Human Rights chief Volker Türk stated Israel's collective punishment and forcible evacuation of Gazans were both war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-622">[612]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a>, its staff faced "torture, ill-treatment, abuse, and sexual exploitation" at the hands of Israeli authorities. The organization also accused Israel of extracting forced confessions from its staff of being involved with Hamas through torture.<a href="#cite_note-623">[613]</a><a href="#cite_note-624">[614]</a><a href="#cite_note-625">[615]</a> A group of UN experts warned of "a genocide in the making" in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-626">[616]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Arrojo-Agudo" title="Pedro Arrojo-Agudo">Pedro Arrojo-Agudo</a>, the UN special rapporteur on water and sanitation, stated that under Article 7 of the Rome Statute, cutting off basic supplies, such as water, was a crime against humanity.<a href="#cite_note-627">[617]</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Griffiths" title="Martin Griffiths">Martin Griffiths</a> stated the <a href="/wiki/2023_Gaza_humanitarian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Gaza humanitarian crisis">humanitarian crisis in Gaza</a> was intolerable and that "international humanitarian law appears to have been turned on its head".<a href="#cite_note-628">[618]</a> Philippe Lazzarini called Israel's killing of United Nations workers a "blatant disregard of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-629">[619]</a> The United Nations special rapporteurs on extrajudicial executions and torture signed a joint statement urging a war crimes investigation.<a href="#cite_note-630">[620]</a> The OHCHR stated it had "serious concerns" about Israel's compliance with international law.<a href="#cite_note-631">[621]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tlaleng_Mofokeng" title="Tlaleng Mofokeng">Tlaleng Mofokeng</a>, the special rapporteur on health, stated Israel had violated special medical protections in an "unrelenting war" on health.<a href="#cite_note-632">[622]</a> Speaking about Israel's planned <a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah offensive</a>, the UN secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guterres" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Guterres">Antonio Guterres</a> stated, "International humanitarian law lies in tatters".<a href="#cite_note-633">[623]</a> A week later, Guterres condemned Israel's blocking of humanitarian aid, stating, "Nothing justifies the collective punishment of the Palestinian people".<a href="#cite_note-634">[624]</a> In September 2024, Guterres stated Israel had committed "very dramatic violations of the international humanitarian law" and described a "total absence of an effective protection of civilians."<a href="#cite_note-635">[625]</a> On 8 June 2024, the United Nations added Israel, Hamas, and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad to a blacklist of countries and organizations that have committed abuses against children in armed conflict.<a href="#cite_note-636">[626]</a> Regarding Israel being put on the list, President Netanyahu said the United Nations had put itself on the "blacklist of history".<a href="#cite_note-637">[627]</a> <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_Israel_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations">Israel-UN Reperesentative</a> <a href="/wiki/Gilad_Erdan" title="Gilad Erdan">Gilad Erdan</a> also condemned the designation, describing it as "simply outrageous and wrong", despite Israel being responsible for overwhelming majority of civilian fatalities in the war, and having killed over 15,500 children by June.<a href="#cite_note-638">[628]</a><a href="#cite_note-639">[629]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Sidoti" title="Chris Sidoti">Chris Sidoti</a>, a member of the independent <a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory">United Nations Commission of Inquiry</a>, stated, "The only conclusion you can draw is that the Israeli army is one of the most criminal armies in the world".<a href="#cite_note-640">[630]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lawsuits_and_investigations">Lawsuits and investigations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investigations">Investigations</h3></div> The UK's <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office</a> opened an investigation into Israeli violations of international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-641">[631]</a> Court documents cited by Amnesty International indicated the UK office was unable to determine if Israel was in compliance with international law, but concluded there were "serious concerns" about legal breaches.<a href="#cite_note-642">[632]</a> In February 2024, the U.S. State Department announced it was investigating the <a href="/wiki/31_October_2023_Jabalia_refugee_camp_airstrike" title="31 October 2023 Jabalia refugee camp airstrike">31 October 2023 Jabalia refugee camp airstrike</a> and Israel's possible use of white phosphorus in Lebanon.<a href="#cite_note-643">[633]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alice_Jill_Edwards" title="Alice Jill Edwards">Alice Jill Edwards</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur_on_Torture_and_Other_Cruel,_Inhuman_or_Degrading_Treatment_or_Punishment" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment">United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture</a>, stated she was investigating torture and mistreatment of Palestinian detainees by the Israeli army.<a href="#cite_note-644">[634]</a> Following the release of footage showing airstrikes killing five Palestinian men walking along a dirt road in Gaza, the IDF announced the incident was being investigated by its "fact finding" body for potential crimes by its forces.<a href="#cite_note-645">[635]</a> A US State Department official said, "Israel has an obligation to investigate credible allegations of law of war violations".<a href="#cite_note-646">[636]</a> In April 2024, the U.S. Secretary of State denied it had "double-standards" regarding Israel, stating the U.S. was "looking at" alleged violations of international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-647">[637]</a> In an internal U.S. State Department memo, senior officials stated they did not find Israel's assurances that it's using U.S. weapons in accordance with international humanitarian law "credible or reliable".<a href="#cite_note-648">[638]</a> On 29 April, the United States reported a finding that five Israeli units committed human rights violations before the Gaza war.<a href="#cite_note-649">[639]</a> In May 2024, the U.S. State Department found it was "reasonable to assess" that U.S. made weapons had been used by Israel "in instances inconsistent" with international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-650">[640]</a> In June 2024, Israel's top military lawyer stated 70 possible legal violations were under investigation.<a href="#cite_note-651">[641]</a> The military did not disclose the full list of investigations.<a href="#cite_note-652">[642]</a> In July 2024, Israeli state prosecutors stated they were seeking a probe into National Security minister <a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Itamar Ben-Gvir</a>, as a measure to show the International Court of Justice it was complying with its orders to investigate individuals responsible for inciting genocide.<a href="#cite_note-653">[643]</a> In September 2024, <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" class="extiw" title="he:בחדרי חרדים">Behadrei Haredim</a>, an Israeli Orthodox news site, reported that Israeli officials had shared its investigatory findings related to 7 October with the United States, except for evidence collected from IDF soldiers, fearing the evidence could be used in The Hague.<a href="#cite_note-654">[644]</a> In October 2024, Belgium opened an investigation of one of its dual citizens suspected of committing war crimes in the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-655">[645]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawsuits">Lawsuits</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ICC_lawsuits">ICC lawsuits</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli figures">International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli figures</a></div> On 9 November 2023, three Palestinian civil rights groups filed a lawsuit against Israel with the International Criminal Court.<a href="#cite_note-656">[646]</a> The groups charged Israel with war crimes, <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, and genocide, calling for the ICC to issue arrest warrants for top Israeli officials.<a href="#cite_note-657">[647]</a> On 10 November, President Gustavo Petro announced Colombia was cosponsoring an <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algerian</a> ICC suit charging Israel with war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-658">[648]</a> On 14 November, Human Rights Watch called on the ICC to investigate Israeli attacks on hospitals and ambulances.<a href="#cite_note-659">[649]</a> A group of lawyers representing victims of Israeli attacks filed a suit in the ICC, charging Israel with genocide.<a href="#cite_note-660">[650]</a> South African foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Naledi_Pandor" title="Naledi Pandor">Naledi Pandor</a> called on the ICC to speed up its investigation of Israeli war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, and stated warrants of arrest should be issued for Benjamin Netanyahu.<a href="#cite_note-661">[651]</a> On 16 November, South African president Cyril Ramaphosa stated South Africa had referred Israel to the ICC for war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-662">[652]</a> On 17 November, Karim Ahmad Khan stated the ICC had received a joint request by South Africa, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> to investigate alleged Israeli war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-663">[653]</a> On 28 November, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan stated Israeli officials should stand trial in international courts for war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-664">[654]</a> On 20 December, <a href="/wiki/Democracy_for_the_Arab_World_Now" title="Democracy for the Arab World Now">DAWN</a> provided the ICC prosecutor with a list of 40 Israeli commanding officers to be charged with war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-665">[655]</a> On 22 December 2023, <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> filed an ICC complaint against Israel for "probable war crimes".<a href="#cite_note-666">[656]</a> On 6 January, a group of 100 Chilean lawyers filed a complaint at the ICC accusing Netanyahu of committing war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-667">[657]</a> On 18 January, the foreign ministries of <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Mexico)" title="Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Chile)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile)">Chile</a> referred Israel to the ICC for potential war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-668">[658]</a><a href="#cite_note-669">[659]</a><a href="#cite_note-670">[k]</a> In October 2024, a Dutch lawyer submitted the names of 1,000 IDF soldiers to the ICC, stating they had participated in war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-671">[660]</a> In April 2024, the government of Israel indicated concern that the ICC might soon issue arrest warrants for senior Israeli officials for alleged violations of international humanitarian law in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-672">[661]</a> In May 2024, prosecutors from the ICC reportedly interviewed two medics from <a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital" title="Al-Shifa Hospital">Al-Shifa Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nasser_Hospital" title="Nasser Hospital">Nasser Hospital</a> about possible crimes committed in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-673">[662]</a> Later the same month, Reporters Without Borders filed its third Gaza complaint at the ICC.<a href="#cite_note-674">[663]</a> The ICC chief prosecutor requested arrest warrants for Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> and defense minister <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a> in May 2024; however, the court accepted <a href="/wiki/Amicus_curiae" title="Amicus curiae">amicus curiae</a> observations on jurisdictional issues.<a href="#cite_note-675">[664]</a> In November 2024, it was announced that the ICC had issued arrest warrants for Netanyahu, Gallant, and a senior Hamas official, accusing them of war crimes during and after the October 7 attacks.<a href="#cite_note-676">[665]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ICJ_lawsuit">ICJ lawsuit</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_v._Israel_(Genocide_Convention)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)">South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide#International_Court_of_Justice_application" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide § International Court of Justice application</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza_genocide&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg/220px-International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg/330px-International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg/440px-International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Stances of states:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  South Africa</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries that have supported South Africa's case</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries that have opposed South Africa's case</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Israel</div></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> has instituted proceedings at the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a>, to which both Israel and South Africa are signatories, accusing Israel of committing genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity against Palestinians in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Chao-Fong_et_al.-677">[666]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29-516">[509]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_AP_News-South_Africa-678">[667]</a> South African president <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel_and_apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel and apartheid">compared Israel's actions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-679">[668]</a> South Africa's application was brought pursuant to Article IX of the convention.<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29-516">[509]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_v._Israel_(Genocide_Convention)#Other_international_responses" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)">human rights organisations, international organisations, and other nations</a><a href="#cite_note-719">[l]</a><a href="#cite_note-741">[m]</a> supported South Africa's suit.<a href="#cite_note-742">[729]</a><a href="#cite_note-743">[730]</a><a href="#cite_note-744">[731]</a> In an application filed on 29 December 2023, South Africa argued that Israel's actions "are genocidal in character because they are intended to bring about the destruction of a substantial part of the Palestinian national, racial and ethnical group".<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29-516">[509]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Corder-745">[732]</a> South Africa requested that the ICJ issue a legal order on an <a href="/wiki/Interim_order" title="Interim order">interim</a> basis (i.e., before hearing the merits of the application) requiring Israel to "immediately suspend its military operations in and against Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29-516">[509]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Corder-745">[732]</a> Adjudication of the merits of the case may take years, but such an order could be issued within weeks.<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_AP_News-South_Africa-678">[667]</a> In a statement to the ICJ during the proceedings, the South African ambassador to the Netherlands argued that the current assault on Gaza is not an individual event but the escalation of "Israel's 25-year apartheid, 56-year occupation, and 16-year siege imposed on the Gaza Strip".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanielian20242-746">[733]</a> <a href="/wiki/Balkees_Jarrah" title="Balkees Jarrah">Balkees Jarrah</a>, associate international justice director at <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, notes that the ICJ case is not a prosecution of individuals, and does not involve the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>, which is a separate body.<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_AP_News-South_Africa-678">[667]</a> Jarrah said that the case presents an opportunity to "provide clear, definitive answers on the question of whether Israel is committing genocide against the Palestinian people".<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_AP_News-South_Africa-678">[667]</a> On 6 March 2024, South Africa asked the ICJ to order additional measures against Israel because Gazans are facing mass starvation.<a href="#cite_note-747">[734]</a></div></div> In May 2024, the ICJ ordered Israel to avoid any attack on Rafah which threatened the people of Gaza in whole or in part. After Israel continued with its offensive on Rafah, Norway’s Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Espen_Barth_Eide" title="Espen Barth Eide">Espen Barth Eide</a> stated it was in "material breach" of the ICJ ruling and international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-748">[735]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CCR_lawsuit_against_Joe_Biden">CCR lawsuit against Joe Biden</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Defense_for_Children_International-Palestine_et_al_v._Biden_et_al" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense for Children International-Palestine et al v. Biden et al">Defense for Children International-Palestine et al v. Biden et al</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Accusations_of_United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Accusations of United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Gaza Strip">Accusations of United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Gaza Strip</a></div> On 13 November 2023, the New York-based <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Constitutional_Rights" title="Center for Constitutional Rights">Center for Constitutional Rights</a> (CCR) sued Joe Biden for allegedly failing in his duties, defined under national and international laws, to prevent Israel committing genocide in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianBiden-749">[736]</a> The complaint, filed on behalf of Palestinians in Gaza and the US, alleged that Israel's "mass killings", targeting of civilian infrastructure and forced expulsions amounted to genocide.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianBiden-749">[736]</a><a href="#cite_note-TIMEBiden-750">[737]</a> The CCR said that the US and other countries had a duty to do all they could to stop the killing. "As Israel's closest ally and strongest supporter, being its biggest provider of military assistance by a large margin and with Israel being the largest cumulative recipient of US foreign assistance since World War II, the United States has the means available to have a deterrent effect on Israeli officials now pursuing genocidal acts against the Palestinian people in Gaza," the complaint argued.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianBiden-749">[736]</a> The suit, filed in federal court in California, asked the court to bar the US from providing weapons, money and diplomatic support to Israel.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianBiden-749">[736]</a> It also sought a declaration that the president, the secretary of state, Antony Blinken, and the defense secretary, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>, were required "to take all measures within their power to prevent Israel's commission of genocidal acts against the Palestinian people of Gaza." Genocide scholar William Schabas said in a declaration in the lawsuit that in his view there was a "serious risk of genocide" and that the US was "in breach of its obligation" under the 1948 Genocide Convention and international law.<a href="#cite_note-TIMEBiden-750">[737]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNSBiden-751">[738]</a> On 31 January 2024, the case was dismissed. The judge said that the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">US Constitution</a> limited his actions, that he would have preferred to have issued the injunction and urged President Biden to rethink U.S. policy, writing "it is plausible that Israel's conduct amounts to genocide."<a href="#cite_note-752">[739]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hague_lawsuit">Hague lawsuit</h4></div> On 4 December 2023, Human rights organisations <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> Novib, PAX Nederland, and The Rights Forum had taken the Dutch State to court to stop the export of parts for F-35 fighter jets arguing that they contribute to violations of international law in Gaza. Oxfam argued that the export "made the Netherlands complicit in violations of the laws of war and the collective punishment of the civilian population of Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-753">[740]</a> On 15 December 2023, The Hague ruled that the state could keep exporting arms to Israel.<a href="#cite_note-754">[741]</a> On 12 February 2024, the court of appeal in The Hague ruled that "There is a clear risk that Israel's F-35 fighter jets might be used in the commission of serious violations of international humanitarian law." The judges wrote, "Israel does not take sufficient account of the consequences of its attacks for the civilian population. Israel's attacks on Gaza have resulted in a disproportionate number of civilian casualties, including thousands of children" and that, " The Netherlands is a party to several international regulations which stipulate that if a clear risk of serious violations of international humanitarian law exists, the Netherlands has the obligation to prevent the export of military equipment." The court ordered that deliveries must stop within seven days.<a href="#cite_note-755">[742]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="High_Court_lawsuit">High Court lawsuit</h4></div> On 6 December 2023, Palestinian human rights organisation Al-Haq and UK-based <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Legal_Action_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Legal Action Network (page does not exist)">Global Legal Action Network</a> (GLAN) have commenced legal proceedings against the UK after written requests to suspend arms sales to Israel, citing alleged breaches of international law and UK rules, were repeatedly ignored. The filed papers detail allegations of indiscriminate attacks on civilians, starvation, forced displacement, and the serious risk of genocide, including statements from members of the Knesset and military leaders. The action is supported by the <a href="/wiki/International_Centre_of_Justice_for_Palestinians" title="International Centre of Justice for Palestinians">International Centre of Justice for Palestinians</a> (ICJP) and a press briefing was held with GLAN, Al-Haq and ICJP and with <a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Arms_Trade" title="Campaign Against Arms Trade">Campaign Against Arms Trade</a> (CAAT) and a member from Oxfam.<a href="#cite_note-756">[743]</a><a href="#cite_note-757">[744]</a> The NGOs' lawyers submitted more than 100 pages of witness statements to the High Court in August 2024.<a href="#cite_note-758">[745]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_Court_of_Australia_lawsuit">Federal Court of Australia lawsuit</h4></div> On 5 December 2023, Palestinian human rights groups, Al-Haq, <a href="/wiki/Al_Mezan_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Al Mezan Center for Human Rights">Al Mezan Center for Human Rights</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights" title="Palestinian Centre for Human Rights">Palestinian Centre for Human Rights</a> (PCHR) have launched legal action in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Australia" title="Federal Court of Australia">Federal Court of Australia</a>. The human rights groups seek access to all permits allowing the export of arms and weapons to Israel that have been granted by the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Australia)" title="Minister for Defence (Australia)">Minister for Defence</a> since 7 October 2023. The application is supported by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Centre_for_International_Justice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian Centre for International Justice (page does not exist)">Australian Centre for International Justice</a> (ACIJ).<a href="#cite_note-759">[746]</a><a href="#cite_note-760">[747]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canadian_Global_Affairs_Ministry_lawsuit">Canadian Global Affairs Ministry lawsuit</h4></div> On 5 March 2024, Canadian Lawyers for International Human Rights (CLIHR), Al-Haq and a group of Palestinian-Canadians, have sued the Global Affairs Ministry for exporting military goods and technology to Israel during the Gaza conflict. They argue that the exports could be used in alleged human rights violations against Palestinians. The legal action accuses Canada's Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly of authorising the export of military goods and technology to Israel, amounting to at least at least C$28.5m ($21m), that could be used to commit violations of international law.<a href="#cite_note-761">[748]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4></div> In June 2024, a group of South Korean civil society organizations sued top Israeli government officials for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-762">[749]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Risk_factors_for_genocide" title="Risk factors for genocide">Risk factors for genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cleansing" title="Social cleansing">Social cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_and_genocide" title="War and genocide">War and genocide</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Two weeks after the bombing, the Belgian Minister of Development Cooperation <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Gennez" title="Caroline Gennez">Caroline Gennez</a> stated Israel had still not responded to a request for an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Mark Zeitoun, the director of <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Water_Hub" title="Geneva Water Hub">Geneva Water Hub</a>, stated the destruction of the Canada water reservoir was "certainly a breach of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> The following day, Thomas White, the affairs director of UNRWA, stated, "This is not an isolated incident. This is happening all across Khan Younis and has been a pattern in other parts of Gaza."<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> In reaction to news of the bombing, the US Secretary of State said that Israel should not bomb "clearly marked" humanitarian facilities.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> The Financial Times later silently deleted Herzog's quote from its article, cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231013224947/https://www.ft.com/content/8ea2374e-c21c-4232-bc69-615e36b26caa">archive</a> copy of the article from the evening of 13 October.<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> On 27 December 2023, UNOCHA stated that since 7 October, 1,208 people had been displaced due settler violence, 393 due to lacking Israeli building permits, 95 on punitive grounds, and 483 due to army demolitions.<a href="#cite_note-Flash_Update_#77-388">[383]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-421"><a href="#cite_ref-421">^</a> The director stated that in prior cases, "There were statements that they would be investigated but no one was held into account".<a href="#cite_note-420">[414]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-547"><a href="#cite_ref-547">^</a> The perpetrator of this alleged war crime is disputed. While not a definitive conclusion, as of 23 October 2023, independent analysts asserted the explosion was caused by an errant rocket fired from within Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-544">[537]</a><a href="#cite_note-545">[538]</a><a href="#cite_note-546">[539]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-608"><a href="#cite_ref-608">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Albanese" title="Francesca Albanese">Francesca Albanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Arrojo-Agudo" title="Pedro Arrojo-Agudo">Pedro Arrojo-Agudo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balakrishnan_Rajagopal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balakrishnan Rajagopal (page does not exist)">Balakrishnan Rajagopal</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balakrishnan_Rajagopal" class="extiw" title="de:Balakrishnan Rajagopal">de</a>], Aua Baldé, Gabriella Citroni, <a href="/wiki/Angkhana_Neelaphaijit" title="Angkhana Neelaphaijit">Angkhana Neelapaijit</a>, Grażyna Baranowska, Ana Lorena Delgadillo Pérez, <a href="/wiki/Reem_Alsalem" title="Reem Alsalem">Reem Alsalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mama_Fatima_Singhateh" title="Mama Fatima Singhateh">Mama Fatima Singhateh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Tidball-Binz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morris Tidball-Binz (page does not exist)">Morris Tidball-Binz</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_Tidball-Binz" class="extiw" title="de:Morris Tidball-Binz">de</a>], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Fry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Fry (page does not exist)">Ian Fry</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Fry" class="extiw" title="de:Ian Fry">de</a>], <a href="/wiki/Javaid_Rehman" title="Javaid Rehman">Javaid Rehman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siobh%C3%A1n_Mullally" title="Siobhán Mullally">Siobhán Mullally</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashwini_K._P.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashwini K. P. (page does not exist)">Ashwini K. P.</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashwini_K._P." class="extiw" title="de:Ashwini K. P.">de</a>], Tomoya Obokata, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernand_de_Varennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernand de Varennes (page does not exist)">Fernand de Varennes</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_de_Varennes" class="extiw" title="de:Fernand de Varennes">de</a>], <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fakhri" title="Michael Fakhri">Michael Fakhri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irene_Khan" title="Irene Khan">Irene Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lawlor_(human_rights_advocate)" title="Mary Lawlor (human rights advocate)">Mary Lawlor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Estrada-Tanck" title="Dorothy Estrada-Tanck">Dorothy Estrada-Tanck</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivana_Rada%C4%8Di%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivana Radačić (page does not exist)">Ivana Radačić</a> [<a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivana_Rada%C4%8Di%C4%87" class="extiw" title="hr:Ivana Radačić">hr</a>], <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Broderick" title="Elizabeth Broderick">Elizabeth Broderick</a>, Meskerem Geset Techane, <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Upreti" title="Melissa Upreti">Melissa Upreti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farida_Shaheed" title="Farida Shaheed">Farida Shaheed</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohamed_Abdelsalam_Babiker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohamed Abdelsalam Babiker (page does not exist)">Mohamed Abdelsalam Babiker</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Abdelsalam_Babiker" class="extiw" title="de:Mohamed Abdelsalam Babiker">de</a>], <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Nyaletsossi_Voule" title="Clément Nyaletsossi Voule">Clément Nyaletsossi Voule</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attiya_Waris" title="Attiya Waris">Attiya Waris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitit_Muntarbhorn" title="Vitit Muntarbhorn">Vitit Muntarbhorn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_G._Reynolds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara G. Reynolds (page does not exist)">Barbara G. Reynolds</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_G._Reynolds" class="extiw" title="de:Barbara G. Reynolds">de</a>], <a href="/wiki/Bina_D%27Costa" title="Bina D'Costa">Bina D'Costa</a>, Catherine S. Namakula, Dominique Day, Miriam Ekiudoko, <a href="/wiki/Isha_Dyfan" title="Isha Dyfan">Isha Dyfan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Xanthaki" title="Alexandra Xanthaki">Alexandra Xanthaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_Cal%C3%AD_Tzay" title="José Francisco Calí Tzay">José Francisco Calí Tzay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bennett_(Menschenrechtsexperte)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Bennett (Menschenrechtsexperte) (page does not exist)">Richard Bennett</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bennett_(Menschenrechtsexperte)" class="extiw" title="de:Richard Bennett (Menschenrechtsexperte)">de</a>], Obiora C. Okafor, <a href="/wiki/David_Richard_Boyd" title="David Richard Boyd">David Richard Boyd</a>, Livingstone Sewanyana, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Jill_Edwards" title="Alice Jill Edwards">Alice Jill Edwards</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muluka_Miti-Drummond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muluka Miti-Drummond (page does not exist)">Muluka-Anne Miti-Drummond</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muluka_Miti-Drummond" class="extiw" title="de:Muluka Miti-Drummond">de</a>], Ravindran Daniel, Sorcha MacLeod, Chris Kwaja, Carlos Salazar Couto, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surya_Deva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surya Deva (page does not exist)">Surya Deva</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surya_Deva" class="extiw" title="de:Surya Deva">de</a>].<a href="#cite_note-UNexpertsOct12-607">[599]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-621"><a href="#cite_ref-621">^</a> Rajagopal stated, "If the International Criminal Court does not act very soon, we need a special tribunal for Gaza and action by States".<a href="#cite_note-620">[611]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-670"><a href="#cite_ref-670">^</a> Both countries representatives stated the referral was in part due to the increased violence and previous numerous reports from the United Nations. </li> <li id="cite_note-719"><a href="#cite_ref-719">^</a> South Africa's case has been supported by the following states and international organisations: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li>Algeria<a href="#cite_note-680">[669]</a></li> <li>Bangladesh<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024-681">[670]</a></li> <li>Bolivia<a href="#cite_note-682">[671]</a><a href="#cite_note-683">[672]</a></li> <li>Brazil<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_CNBC01-684">[673]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_AlJazeera2609413-685">[674]</a><a href="#cite_note-686">[675]</a></li> <li>Chile<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_chileparaguay-687">[676]</a></li> <li>China<a href="#cite_note-688">[677]</a><a href="#cite_note-689">[678]</a></li> <li>Colombia<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_CNBC01-684">[673]</a><a href="#cite_note-690">[679]</a></li> <li>Comoros<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_djibouticomoros-691">[680]</a></li> <li>Cuba<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024-692">[681]</a></li> <li>Djibouti<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_djibouticomoros-691">[680]</a></li> <li>Egypt<a href="#cite_note-693">[682]</a></li> <li>Indonesia</li> <li>Iran</li> <li>Iraq<a href="#cite_note-694">[683]</a></li> <li>Ireland<a href="#cite_note-695">[684]</a></li> <li>Jordan<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_The_New_Arab_2024_o195-696">[685]</a></li> <li>Lebanon<a href="#cite_note-697">[686]</a></li> <li>Libya<a href="#cite_note-698">[687]</a></li> <li>Malaysia<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_CD-699">[688]</a></li> <li>Maldives<a href="#cite_note-700">[689]</a></li> <li>Mexico<a href="#cite_note-701">[690]</a></li> <li>Namibia<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024-681">[670]</a></li> <li>Nicaragua<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024-681">[670]</a></li> <li>Pakistan<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShamim2024-702">[691]</a></li> <li>Palestine<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024-681">[670]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-703">[692]</a></li> <li>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<a href="#cite_note-704">[693]</a></li> <li>Slovenia<a href="#cite_note-705">[694]</a><a href="#cite_note-706">[695]</a></li> <li>Spain<a href="#cite_note-707">[696]</a></li> <li>Syria<a href="#cite_note-708">[697]</a></li> <li>Turkey<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_CD-699">[688]</a></li> <li>Venezuela<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024-681">[670]</a></li> <li>Zimbabwe<a href="#cite_note-709">[698]</a><a href="#cite_note-710">[699]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a><a href="#cite_note-711">[700]</a><a href="#cite_note-712">[701]</a><a href="#cite_note-713">[702]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a><a href="#cite_note-714">[703]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Cooperation_2023_p.-715">[704]</a><a href="#cite_note-716">[705]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a><a href="#cite_note-717">[706]</a><a href="#cite_note-718">[707]</a></li></ul></div></li> <li id="cite_note-741"><a href="#cite_ref-741">^</a> The lawsuit has also been supported by hundreds of activist groups, NGOs, political parties, unions, and other organisations, with (as of mid-January 2024) over 1,400 showing support in the form of a letter organized by the newly-formed International Coalition to Stop Genocide in Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-720">[708]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024-721">[709]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Organizational_Sign-on_Letter-722">[710]</a> Some of that letter's signatories, and other supportive organisations, include: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Al-Haq-723">[711]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mezan_Center_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mezan Center for Human Rights">Al-Mezan Center for Human Rights</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Al-Haq-723">[711]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a><a href="#cite_note-724">[712]</a><a href="#cite_note-725">[713]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott_from_Within" title="Boycott from Within">Boycott from Within</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024-721">[709]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Organizational_Sign-on_Letter-722">[710]</a><a href="#cite_note-726">[714]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CodePink" class="mw-redirect" title="CodePink">CodePink</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Garriga-727">[715]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024-728">[716]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConley2024b-729">[717]</a></li> <li>De-Colonizer<a href="#cite_note-730">[718]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024-721">[709]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Organizational_Sign-on_Letter-722">[710]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024-721">[709]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a><a href="#cite_note-731">[719]</a><a href="#cite_note-732">[720]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024-681">[670]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_Anti-Zionist_Network" title="International Jewish Anti-Zionist Network">International Jewish Anti-Zionist Network</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024-721">[709]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Peoples%27_Assembly" title="International Peoples' Assembly">International Peoples' Assembly</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Weller-733">[721]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Committee_Against_House_Demolitions" title="Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions">Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024-721">[709]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Organizational_Sign-on_Letter-722">[710]</a><a href="#cite_note-734">[722]</a></li> <li>Israelis Against Apartheid<a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024-721">[709]</a><a href="#cite_note-735">[723]</a><a href="#cite_note-736">[724]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Peace" title="Jewish Voice for Peace">Jewish Voice for Peace</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024-721">[709]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Campesina" title="Via Campesina">La Via Campesina</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Weller-733">[721]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Lawyers_Guild" title="National Lawyers Guild">National Lawyers Guild</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024-728">[716]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Foundation" title="Nelson Mandela Foundation">Nelson Mandela Foundation</a><a href="#cite_note-737">[725]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">New Zealand Labour Party</a><a href="#cite_note-738">[726]</a><a href="#cite_note-739">[727]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights" title="Palestinian Centre for Human Rights">Palestinian Centre for Human Rights</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Al-Haq-723">[711]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_General_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Palestinian General Federation of Trade Unions">Palestinian General Federation of Trade Unions</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Weller-733">[721]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_NGOs_Network" title="Palestinian NGOs Network">Palestinian NGO Network</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Weller-733">[721]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">Progressive International</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Garriga-727">[715]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024-728">[716]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConley2024b-729">[717]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RootsAction" class="mw-redirect" title="RootsAction">RootsAction</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Garriga-727">[715]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024-728">[716]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConley2024b-729">[717]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Forum">People's Forum</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Garriga-727">[715]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024-728">[716]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConley2024b-729">[717]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_League_for_Peace_and_Freedom" title="Women's International League for Peace and Freedom">Women's 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Retrieved 6 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+suggests+Israel%E2%80%99s+actions+in+Gaza+and+Lebanon+are+disproportionate+and+immoral&rft.aulast=Winfield&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpope-israel-lebanon-hezbollah-72b592696627d1a671e7419e98e354b6%3Ftaid%3D66f9a034589661000183462a%26utm_campaign%3DTrueAnthem%26utm_medium%3DAP%26utm_source%3DTwitter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdel-Baqui" class="citation news cs1">Abdel-Baqui, Omar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip/card/israeli-air-force-says-it-has-dropped-6-000-bombs-on-gaza-QK1aSnupiGqytMVO86PU">"Israeli Air Force Says It Has Dropped 6,000 Bombs on Gaza"</a>. WSJ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019112444/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip/card/israeli-air-force-says-it-has-dropped-6-000-bombs-on-gaza-QK1aSnupiGqytMVO86PU">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WSJ&rft.atitle=Israeli+Air+Force+Says+It+Has+Dropped+6%2C000+Bombs+on+Gaza&rft.aulast=Abdel-Baqui&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Flivecoverage%2Fisrael-hamas-war-gaza-strip%2Fcard%2Fisraeli-air-force-says-it-has-dropped-6-000-bombs-on-gaza-QK1aSnupiGqytMVO86PU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttRealsBreen2023" class="citation news cs1">Ott, Haley; Reals, Tucker; Breen, Kerry (19 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/israel-hamas-war-palestinians-biden-speech-after-gaza-hospital-blast/">"Israel-Hamas war: More airstrikes on Gaza today as aid remains stuck in Egypt; Israeli troops told to "be ready" to invade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019235338/https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/israel-hamas-war-palestinians-biden-speech-after-gaza-hospital-blast/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel-Hamas+war%3A+More+airstrikes+on+Gaza+today+as+aid+remains+stuck+in+Egypt%3B+Israeli+troops+told+to+%22be+ready%22+to+invade&rft.date=2023-10-19&rft.aulast=Ott&rft.aufirst=Haley&rft.au=Reals%2C+Tucker&rft.au=Breen%2C+Kerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Flive-updates%2Fisrael-hamas-war-palestinians-biden-speech-after-gaza-hospital-blast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2023" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Elise (16 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/hamas-israel-war-crimes/">"Hamas's actions are war crimes. Israel should not respond with further war crimes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022011548/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/hamas-israel-war-crimes/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hamas%27s+actions+are+war+crimes.+Israel+should+not+respond+with+further+war+crimes.&rft.date=2023-10-16&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Elise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fblogs%2Fmenasource%2Fhamas-israel-war-crimes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_experts-26"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_experts_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/un-experts-say-israels-strikes-gaza-amount-collective-punishment-2023-10-12/">"UN experts say Israel's strikes on Gaza amount to 'collective punishment'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012232721/https://www.reuters.com/world/un-experts-say-israels-strikes-gaza-amount-collective-punishment-2023-10-12/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=UN+experts+say+Israel%27s+strikes+on+Gaza+amount+to+%27collective+punishment%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fun-experts-say-israels-strikes-gaza-amount-collective-punishment-2023-10-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/israelopt-us-made-munitions-killed-43-civilians-two-documented-israeli-air-strikes-gaza-new-investigation#:~:text=US%2Dmade%20Joint%20Direct%20Attack,new%20investigation%20into%20those%20strikes.">"US-made munitions killed 43 civilians in two documented Israeli air strikes in Gaza – new investigation"</a>. ReliefWeb. Amnesty International. 6 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324114804/https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/israelopt-us-made-munitions-killed-43-civilians-two-documented-israeli-air-strikes-gaza-new-investigation-enar#:~:text=US%2Dmade%20Joint%20Direct%20Attack,new%20investigation%20into%20those%20strikes.">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=US-made+munitions+killed+43+civilians+in+two+documented+Israeli+air+strikes+in+Gaza+%E2%80%93+new+investigation&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Fisraelopt-us-made-munitions-killed-43-civilians-two-documented-israeli-air-strikes-gaza-new-investigation%23%3A~%3Atext%3DUS%252Dmade%2520Joint%2520Direct%2520Attack%2Cnew%2520investigation%2520into%2520those%2520strikes.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammer2023" class="citation web cs1">Hammer, Matthias (5 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6342821/israel-airstrike-us-military-war-crimes/">"U.S. Military Equipment Traced to Possible War Crimes in Gaza, Report Finds"</a>. Time Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212141927/https://time.com/6342821/israel-airstrike-us-military-war-crimes/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=U.S.+Military+Equipment+Traced+to+Possible+War+Crimes+in+Gaza%2C+Report+Finds&rft.date=2023-12-05&rft.aulast=Hammer&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6342821%2Fisrael-airstrike-us-military-war-crimes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/j9jahf?update=2434460">"'Clear violations' of international law in Gaza: UN chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231024213223/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/10/23/israel-hamas-war-live-hundreds-killed-israeli-strikes-gaza?update=2434460">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27Clear+violations%27+of+international+law+in+Gaza%3A+UN+chief&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fj9jahf%3Fupdate%3D2434460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/jui07c?update=2483900">"Oman, Saudi Arabia and Jordan condemn Israeli shelling of Qatari organisation in Gaza"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324114637/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/13/israel-hamas-war-live-gazas-two-largest-hospitals-shut-amid-nonstop-raids?update=2483900">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Oman%2C+Saudi+Arabia+and+Jordan+condemn+Israeli+shelling+of+Qatari+organisation+in+Gaza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fjui07c%3Fupdate%3D2483900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTétrault-Farber" class="citation web cs1">Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/un-deplores-israels-systematic-refusal-grant-access-north-gaza-2024-01-12/#:~:text=%22We%27ve%20repeatedly%20highlighted%20Israel%27s,for%20Human%20Rights%20(OHCHR).">"UN deplores Israel's 'systematic' refusal to grant access to north Gaza"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 13 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=UN+deplores+Israel%27s+%27systematic%27+refusal+to+grant+access+to+north+Gaza&rft.aulast=T%C3%A9trault-Farber&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fun-deplores-israels-systematic-refusal-grant-access-north-gaza-2024-01-12%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3D%2522We%2527ve%2520repeatedly%2520highlighted%2520Israel%2527s%2Cfor%2520Human%2520Rights%2520%28OHCHR%29.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/belgium-summons-israeli-ambassador-after-agency-hit-in-gaza-72785245">"Belgium Summons Israeli Ambassador After Agency Hit In Gaza"</a>. Barron's. Agence France Presse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204012359/https://www.barrons.com/news/belgium-summons-israeli-ambassador-after-agency-hit-in-gaza-72785245">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Belgium+Summons+Israeli+Ambassador+After+Agency+Hit+In+Gaza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fbelgium-summons-israeli-ambassador-after-agency-hit-in-gaza-72785245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/news/belgium-summons-israeli-ambassador-and-strongly-condemns-bombing-belgian-development-agency-enabel">"Belgium summons Israeli ambassador and strongly condemns bombing of Belgian development agency Enabel"</a>. Kingdom of Belgium. 2 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204012400/https://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/news/belgium-summons-israeli-ambassador-and-strongly-condemns-bombing-belgian-development-agency-enabel">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kingdom+of+Belgium&rft.atitle=Belgium+summons+Israeli+ambassador+and+strongly+condemns+bombing+of+Belgian+development+agency+Enabel&rft.date=2024-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiplomatie.belgium.be%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fbelgium-summons-israeli-ambassador-and-strongly-condemns-bombing-belgian-development-agency-enabel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/12/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-planning-rafah-assault-as-talks-continue?update=2703330">"Belgium receives no clarification from Israel on Gaza building bombing"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240214025432/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/12/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-planning-rafah-assault-as-talks-continue?update=2703330">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Belgium+receives+no+clarification+from+Israel+on+Gaza+building+bombing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F12%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-planning-rafah-assault-as-talks-continue%3Fupdate%3D2703330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/02/1146242">"War crimes fears over Israeli ground invasion of Rafah"</a>. UN News. United Nations. 6 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240207054343/https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/02/1146242">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=War+crimes+fears+over+Israeli+ground+invasion+of+Rafah&rft.date=2024-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2024%2F02%2F1146242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al_Jazeera_2024_f955-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera_2024_f955_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2024/3/22/gaza-drone-video-shows-killing-of-palestinians-in-israeli-air-attack">"Gaza drone video shows killing of Palestinians in Israeli air attack"</a>. Al Jazeera. 22 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240322170319/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2024/3/22/gaza-drone-video-shows-killing-of-palestinians-in-israeli-air-attack">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Gaza+drone+video+shows+killing+of+Palestinians+in+Israeli+air+attack&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogram%2Fnewsfeed%2F2024%2F3%2F22%2Fgaza-drone-video-shows-killing-of-palestinians-in-israeli-air-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Jerusalem_Post_2024_p344-38"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Jerusalem_Post_2024_p344_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-793273">"IDF probes video of 'unarmed' Palestinians gunned down by drone in Gaza"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=IDF+probes+video+of+%27unarmed%27+Palestinians+gunned+down+by+drone+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-hamas-war%2Farticle-793273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Telegraph_2024_a516-39"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Telegraph_2024_a516_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/03/22/israel-drone-attack-palestine-gaza/">"Israel to investigate drone attack on unarmed Palestinians"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Israel+to+investigate+drone+attack+on+unarmed+Palestinians&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2024%2F03%2F22%2Fisrael-drone-attack-palestine-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/damning-evidence-of-war-crimes-as-israeli-attacks-wipe-out-entire-families-in-gaza/">"Damning evidence of war crimes as Israeli attacks wipe out entire families in Gaza"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Damning+evidence+of+war+crimes+as+Israeli+attacks+wipe+out+entire+families+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2Fdamning-evidence-of-war-crimes-as-israeli-attacks-wipe-out-entire-families-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/15/gaza-communications-blackout-imminent-due-fuel-shortage#:~:text=(Jerusalem)%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Israeli%20government's,Human%20Rights%20Watch%20said%20today.">"Gaza: Communications Blackout Imminent Due to Fuel Shortage"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 18 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240207091621/https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/15/gaza-communications-blackout-imminent-due-fuel-shortage#:~:text=(Jerusalem)%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Israeli%20government's,Human%20Rights%20Watch%20said%20today.">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+Communications+Blackout+Imminent+Due+to+Fuel+Shortage&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2F15%2Fgaza-communications-blackout-imminent-due-fuel-shortage%23%3A~%3Atext%3D%28Jerusalem%29%2520%25E2%2580%2593%2520The%2520Israeli%2520government%27s%2CHuman%2520Rights%2520Watch%2520said%2520today.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKernanDavies2024" class="citation news cs1">McKernan, Bethan; Davies, Harry (3 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/03/israel-gaza-ai-database-hamas-airstrikes">"'The machine did it coldly': Israel used AI to identify 37,000 Hamas targets"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27The+machine+did+it+coldly%27%3A+Israel+used+AI+to+identify+37%2C000+Hamas+targets&rft.date=2024-04-03&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.aufirst=Bethan&rft.au=Davies%2C+Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fapr%2F03%2Fisrael-gaza-ai-database-hamas-airstrikes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/05/israel-opt-israeli-air-strikes-that-killed-44-civilians-further-evidence-of-war-crimes-new-investigation/">"Israeli air strikes that killed 44 civilians further evidence of war crimes – new investigation"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israeli+Airstrike+Hits+Marketplace+in+Gazan+Refugee+Camp%2C+Killing+Dozens&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft.aulast=Abdulrahim&rft.aufirst=Raja&rft.au=Harouda%2C+Ameera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F09%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-gaza-market-air-strike-jabaliya.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulrahimHarouda2023" class="citation news cs1">Abdulrahim, Raja; Harouda, Ameera (9 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/09/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-market-air-strike-jabaliya.html">"Israeli Airstrike Hits Marketplace in Gazan Refugee Camp, Killing Dozens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009145027/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/09/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-market-air-strike-jabaliya.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israeli+Airstrike+Hits+Marketplace+in+Gazan+Refugee+Camp%2C+Killing+Dozens&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Abdulrahim&rft.aufirst=Raja&rft.au=Harouda%2C+Ameera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F09%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-gaza-market-air-strike-jabaliya.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/04/04/gaza-israeli-strike-killing-106-civilians-apparent-war-crime">"Gaza: Israeli Strike Killing 106 Civilians an Apparent War Crime"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+Israeli+Strike+Killing+106+Civilians+an+Apparent+War+Crime&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2024%2F04%2F04%2Fgaza-israeli-strike-killing-106-civilians-apparent-war-crime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/cevgx6?update=2455756">"UN Human Rights office says Jabalia strikes 'could amount to war crimes'"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=UN+Human+Rights+office+says+Jabalia+strikes+%27could+amount+to+war+crimes%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fcevgx6%3Fupdate%3D2455756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulrahimHarouda2023" class="citation news cs1">Abdulrahim, Raja; Harouda, Ameera (9 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/09/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-market-air-strike-jabaliya.html">"Israeli Airstrikes Hit Marketplace and Mosques in Gaza, Killing Dozens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009155140/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/09/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-market-air-strike-jabaliya.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2023. 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Retrieved 11 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=%27Nowhere+to+go%27%3A+Ordinary+Palestinians+live+in+fear+as+Israel+retaliates+against+Hamas&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.aulast=Dahman&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F10%2F08%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpalestine-israel-hamas-gaza-conflict-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/25/israeli-forces-massacre-at-least-70-people-in-gazas-maghazi-refugee-camp">"'Massacre' as Israel steps up Gaza bombardment for Christmas"</a>. aljazeera.com. 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Retrieved 29 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=Improper+munition+said+cause+of+high+death+toll+in+strike+on+Gaza%27s+Maghazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fimproper-munition-said-cause-of-high-death-toll-in-strike-on-gazas-maghazi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/gaza-unrwa-school-sheltering-displaced-families-hit">"Gaza: UNRWA School Sheltering Displaced Families is Hit"</a>. unrwa.org. 17 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018043659/https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/gaza-unrwa-school-sheltering-displaced-families-hit">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023. 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Retrieved 19 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=At+least+6+people+killed+in+Israeli+air+strike+on+UNRWA+school+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fleast-6-people-killed-israeli-air-strike-unrwa-school-gaza-2023-10-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegan2023" class="citation web cs1">Regan, Helen (2 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/02/middleeast/israel-gaza-hamas-war-jabalya-camp-strike-intl-hnk/index.html">"Airstrikes blast UN shelters, official says, as Israel announces complete encirclement of Gaza city"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Israel-UN+relations+plunge+to+new+low+as+Gaza+war+rages&rft.aulast=Cornish&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fc5104a4d-3468-4cda-9e00-0cbb6fa5520c%3FshareType%3Dnongift&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2024/01/asg-brands-kehris-briefs-security-council-on-situation-israel-occupied-palestinian-territory">"ASG Brands Kehris briefs Security Council on situation in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=UNRWA+official%3A+Israeli+assurances+%27not+followed+up%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F1%2F25%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-kills-9-in-un-shelter-sparking-outrage%3Fupdate%3D2648979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ochaopt.org/content/senior-un-official-gaza-civilians-trapped-amid-intensified-attacks-khan-younis">"Senior UN official in Gaza: civilians trapped amid intensified attacks in Khan Youni"</a>. UNOCHA. 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Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNOCHA&rft.atitle=Senior+UN+official+in+Gaza%3A+civilians+trapped+amid+intensified+attacks+in+Khan+Youni&rft.date=2024-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fcontent%2Fsenior-un-official-gaza-civilians-trapped-amid-intensified-attacks-khan-younis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/24/how-israel-has-destroyed-gazas-schools-and-universities">"How Israel has destroyed Gaza's schools and universities"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=How+Israel+has+destroyed+Gaza%27s+schools+and+universities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F1%2F24%2Fhow-israel-has-destroyed-gazas-schools-and-universities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/6/6/israels-war-on-gaza-live-relentless-israeli-strikes-kill-102-palestinians?update=2956414">"Jordan: Israeli attack contradicts 'all human and moral values'"</a>. Al Jazeera. 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Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Hamas+frees+U.S.+hostages+Judith+and+Natalie+Raanan+held+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-20&rft.aulast=Al-Mughrabi&rft.aufirst=Nidal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fbiden-seek-billions-military-aid-israel-invasion-gaza-nears-2023-10-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.jerusalem-patriarchate.info/blog/2023/10/20/the-patriarchate-of-jerusalem-condemns-israeli-airstrikes-targeting-humanitarian-institutions-in-gaza/">"The Patriarchate of Jerusalem condemns Israeli airstrikes targeting humanitarian institutions in Gaza"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Patriarchate+of+Jerusalem&rft.atitle=The+Patriarchate+of+Jerusalem+condemns+Israeli+airstrikes+targeting+humanitarian+institutions+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.jerusalem-patriarchate.info%2Fblog%2F2023%2F10%2F20%2Fthe-patriarchate-of-jerusalem-condemns-israeli-airstrikes-targeting-humanitarian-institutions-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-nowhere-safe-in-gaza-unlawful-israeli-strikes-illustrate-callous-disregard-for-palestinian-lives/">"'Nowhere safe in Gaza': Unlawful Israeli strikes illustrate callous disregard for Palestinian lives"</a>. Amnesty International. 20 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120105540/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-nowhere-safe-in-gaza-unlawful-israeli-strikes-illustrate-callous-disregard-for-palestinian-lives/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2023. 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Retrieved 17 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=IDF+kills+two+women+taking+shelter+at+Gaza+church%2C+Catholic+authorities+say&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2F12%2F16%2Fwomen-killed-at-holy-family-parish-gaza-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullella" class="citation web cs1">Pullella, Philip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/pope-francis-deplores-israeli-killings-civilians-gaza-church-2023-12-17/">"Pope Francis deplores Israeli killings of civilians in Gaza church"</a>. Reuters. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231209212750/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/09/civilian-toll-israeli-airstrikes-gaza-unprecedented-killing-study#:~:text=Haaretz%20published%20an%20analysis%20by,airstrikes%20hovered%20at%20about%2040%25.">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Civilians+make+up+61%25+of+Gaza+deaths+from+airstrikes%2C+Israeli+study+finds&rft.date=2023-12-09&rft.aulast=Borger&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fdec%2F09%2Fcivilian-toll-israeli-airstrikes-gaza-unprecedented-killing-study%23%3A~%3Atext%3DHaaretz%2520published%2520an%2520analysis%2520by%2Cairstrikes%2520hovered%2520at%2520about%252040%2525.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-APNews_Ainata-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APNews_Ainata_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-APNews_Ainata_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-hezbollah-civilians-killed-hamas-03a050045c6bf3f87e12086b63b40a1c">"A woman and 3 children are killed by an Israeli airstrike in south Lebanon, local officials say"</a>. apnews.com. 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Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apnews.com&rft.atitle=A+woman+and+3+children+are+killed+by+an+Israeli+airstrike+in+south+Lebanon%2C+local+officials+say&rft.date=2023-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flebanon-israel-hezbollah-civilians-killed-hamas-03a050045c6bf3f87e12086b63b40a1c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW_Ainata-93"><a href="#cite_ref-HRW_Ainata_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/14/lebanon-israeli-strike-apparent-war-crime">"Lebanon: Israeli Strike an Apparent War Crime"</a>. hrw.org. 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Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hrw.org&rft.atitle=Lebanon%3A+Israeli+Strike+an+Apparent+War+Crime&rft.date=2023-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2F14%2Flebanon-israeli-strike-apparent-war-crime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2812320">"Lebanon denounces Israeli attack on Iranian consulate in Syria"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240410043941/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2812320">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Lebanon+denounces+Israeli+attack+on+Iranian+consulate+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F4%2F2%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food%3Fupdate%3D2812320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/israel-and-iran-must-de-escalate-conflict-protect-human-rights-warn-un">"Israel and Iran must de-escalate conflict to protect human rights, warn UN experts"</a>. United Nations. 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Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Israel+and+Iran+must+de-escalate+conflict+to+protect+human+rights%2C+warn+UN+experts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2F04%2Fisrael-and-iran-must-de-escalate-conflict-protect-human-rights-warn-un&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/complete-communication-blackout-four-days-and-counting-makes-aid-distribution-gaza-near-impossible">"Complete communication blackout for four days and counting makes aid distribution in Gaza near impossible"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=Complete+communication+blackout+for+four+days+and+counting+makes+aid+distribution+in+Gaza+near+impossible&rft.date=2023-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Fcomplete-communication-blackout-four-days-and-counting-makes-aid-distribution-gaza-near-impossible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtay_Alam2023" class="citation web cs1">Atay Alam, Hande (14 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/14/middleeast/united-nations-staff-deaths-gaza-intl-hnk/index.html">"UN mourns the deaths of more than 100 aid workers in Gaza, the highest number killed in any conflict in its history"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231218234353/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/14/middleeast/united-nations-staff-deaths-gaza-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=UN+mourns+the+deaths+of+more+than+100+aid+workers+in+Gaza%2C+the+highest+number+killed+in+any+conflict+in+its+history&rft.date=2023-11-14&rft.aulast=Atay+Alam&rft.aufirst=Hande&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F11%2F14%2Fmiddleeast%2Funited-nations-staff-deaths-gaza-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure?update=2771982">"UNRWA spokeswoman says aid operation ongoing at targeted Rafah aid centre"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=UNRWA+spokeswoman+says+aid+operation+ongoing+at+targeted+Rafah+aid+centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F14%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure%3Fupdate%3D2771982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/10/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-is-restricting-lifesaving-aid-unrwa?update=2762711">"US charity demands independent probe into staff member's killing in Gaza"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=US+charity+demands+independent+probe+into+staff+member%27s+killing+in+Gaza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F10%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-is-restricting-lifesaving-aid-unrwa%3Fupdate%3D2762711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBesheer2024" class="citation web cs1">Besheer, Margaret (13 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/un-israeli-strike-on-gaza-food-distribution-center-kills-1-injures-22-/7526237.html">"UN: Israeli Strike on Gaza Food Distribution Center Kills 1, Injures 22"</a>. VOA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315025604/https://www.voanews.com/a/un-israeli-strike-on-gaza-food-distribution-center-kills-1-injures-22-/7526237.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VOA&rft.atitle=UN%3A+Israeli+Strike+on+Gaza+Food+Distribution+Center+Kills+1%2C+Injures+22&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft.aulast=Besheer&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fun-israeli-strike-on-gaza-food-distribution-center-kills-1-injures-22-%2F7526237.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/13/israels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-vows-to-finish-the-job-in-rafah?update=2770945">"Blinken comments on Israeli attack on UNRWA facility"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240316015538/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/13/israels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-vows-to-finish-the-job-in-rafah?update=2770945">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Blinken+comments+on+Israeli+attack+on+UNRWA+facility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F13%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-vows-to-finish-the-job-in-rafah%3Fupdate%3D2770945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/13/israels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-vows-to-finish-the-job-in-rafah?update=2770768">"Scenes of the aftermath of Israeli bombing of UNRWA distribution centre"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240316030642/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/13/israels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-vows-to-finish-the-job-in-rafah?update=2770768">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Scenes+of+the+aftermath+of+Israeli+bombing+of+UNRWA+distribution+centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F13%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-vows-to-finish-the-job-in-rafah%3Fupdate%3D2770768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/03/1147516">"Gaza: Aid missions constantly under threat, warns UN humanitarian chief"</a>. UN News. United Nations. 14 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240316030319/https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/03/1147516">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+Aid+missions+constantly+under+threat%2C+warns+UN+humanitarian+chief&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2024%2F03%2F1147516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillisSteinTiefenthälerReneau2024" class="citation news cs1">Willis, Haley; Stein, Robin; Tiefenthäler, Ainara; Reneau, Natalie; Byrd, Aaron; Patil, Anushka (25 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/100000009393031/aid-groups-gaza-israel.html">"Video: 'We're Aware of the Location': Aid Groups in Gaza Coordinated With I.D.F. but Still Came Under Fire"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 April 2024 – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Video%3A+%27We%27re+Aware+of+the+Location%27%3A+Aid+Groups+in+Gaza+Coordinated+With+I.D.F.+but+Still+Came+Under+Fire&rft.date=2024-04-25&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Haley&rft.au=Stein%2C+Robin&rft.au=Tiefenth%C3%A4ler%2C+Ainara&rft.au=Reneau%2C+Natalie&rft.au=Byrd%2C+Aaron&rft.au=Patil%2C+Anushka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fvideo%2Fworld%2F100000009393031%2Faid-groups-gaza-israel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlam2024" class="citation web cs1">Alam, Anam (26 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/news/aid-groups-gaza-targeted-israel-despite-coordination">"Aid groups in Gaza targeted by Israel despite coordination"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Arab&rft.atitle=Aid+groups+in+Gaza+targeted+by+Israel+despite+coordination&rft.date=2024-04-26&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=Anam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Faid-groups-gaza-targeted-israel-despite-coordination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/belgium-summons-israeli-ambassador-over-aid-worker-s-death-5194499d">"Belgium Summons Israeli Ambassador Over Aid Worker's Death"</a>. Barron's. 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Retrieved 30 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Belgium+Summons+Israeli+Ambassador+Over+Aid+Worker%27s+Death&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fbelgium-summons-israeli-ambassador-over-aid-worker-s-death-5194499d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemler" class="citation web cs1">Semler, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://responsiblestatecraft.org/israel-hamas-war-gaza/">"Is Israel intentionally attacking aid workers?"</a>. Responsible Statecraft. Retrieved 17 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Responsible+Statecraft&rft.atitle=Is+Israel+intentionally+attacking+aid+workers%3F&rft.aulast=Semler&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresponsiblestatecraft.org%2Fisrael-hamas-war-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/dozens-killed-injured-by-israeli-fire-in-gaza-while-collecting-food-aid">"'Massacre': Dozens killed by Israeli fire in Gaza while collecting food aid"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240229194025/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/dozens-killed-injured-by-israeli-fire-in-gaza-while-collecting-food-aid">Archived</a> from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27Massacre%27%3A+Dozens+killed+by+Israeli+fire+in+Gaza+while+collecting+food+aid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F2%2F29%2Fdozens-killed-injured-by-israeli-fire-in-gaza-while-collecting-food-aid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-110"><a href="#cite_ref-:11_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/heinous-deadly-israeli-attack-on-gaza-aid-seekers-condemned">"'Heinous': Deadly Israeli attack on Gaza aid-seekers condemned"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240229160619/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/heinous-deadly-israeli-attack-on-gaza-aid-seekers-condemned">Archived</a> from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27Heinous%27%3A+Deadly+Israeli+attack+on+Gaza+aid-seekers+condemned&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F2%2F29%2Fheinous-deadly-israeli-attack-on-gaza-aid-seekers-condemned&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/1/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-shooting-of-aid-seekers-condemned-globally?update=2741209">"Deaths of Palestinians seeking aid 'unacceptable': EU top diplomat"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301014654/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/1/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-shooting-of-aid-seekers-condemned-globally?update=2741209">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Deaths+of+Palestinians+seeking+aid+%27unacceptable%27%3A+EU+top+diplomat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F1%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-shooting-of-aid-seekers-condemned-globally%3Fupdate%3D2741209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/29/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-killing-of-children-in-slow-motion-ngo?update=2741016">"Turkey says Israel committed 'yet another crime against humanity'"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240229220536/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/29/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-killing-of-children-in-slow-motion-ngo?update=2741016">Archived</a> from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Turkey+says+Israel+committed+%27yet+another+crime+against+humanity%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F29%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-killing-of-children-in-slow-motion-ngo%3Fupdate%3D2741016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/29/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-killing-of-children-in-slow-motion-ngo?update=2740937">"Israeli attack on aid seekers continuation of 'extermination' policy: Oman"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301000318/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/29/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-killing-of-children-in-slow-motion-ngo?update=2740937">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israeli+attack+on+aid+seekers+continuation+of+%27extermination%27+policy%3A+Oman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F29%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-killing-of-children-in-slow-motion-ngo%3Fupdate%3D2740937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/29/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-killing-of-children-in-slow-motion-ngo?update=2741141">"Amnesty says investigating deadly Israeli attack on aid seekers"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301161839/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/29/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-killing-of-children-in-slow-motion-ngo?update=2741141">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Amnesty+says+investigating+deadly+Israeli+attack+on+aid+seekers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F29%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-mass-killing-of-children-in-slow-motion-ngo%3Fupdate%3D2741141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-opt-un-human-rights-office-strongly-deplores-killing-least-112-palestinians-during-food-aid-distribution-gaza-city-enar#:~:text=From%20mid%2DJanuary%20to%20the,a%20majority%20of%20these%20incidents">"UN Human Rights Office strongly deplores killing of at least 112 Palestinians during food aid distribution in Gaza City"</a>. ReliefWeb. OHCHR. March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240304061538/https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-opt-un-human-rights-office-strongly-deplores-killing-least-112-palestinians-during-food-aid-distribution-gaza-city-enar#:~:text=From%20mid%2DJanuary%20to%20the,a%20majority%20of%20these%20incidents">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=UN+Human+Rights+Office+strongly+deplores+killing+of+at+least+112+Palestinians+during+food+aid+distribution+in+Gaza+City&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Fun-human-rights-office-opt-un-human-rights-office-strongly-deplores-killing-least-112-palestinians-during-food-aid-distribution-gaza-city-enar%23%3A~%3Atext%3DFrom%2520mid%252DJanuary%2520to%2520the%2Ca%2520majority%2520of%2520these%2520incidents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalmazan2024" class="citation web cs1">Talmazan, Yuliya (2 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/world-central-kitchen-says-israeli-strike-kills-7-workers-halts-aid-rcna145976">"Israeli strike kills 7 aid workers in Gaza, World Central Kitchen halts operations"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240402171915/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/world-central-kitchen-says-israeli-strike-kills-7-workers-halts-aid-rcna145976">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Israeli+strike+kills+7+aid+workers+in+Gaza%2C+World+Central+Kitchen+halts+operations&rft.date=2024-04-02&rft.aulast=Talmazan&rft.aufirst=Yuliya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fworld-central-kitchen-says-israeli-strike-kills-7-workers-halts-aid-rcna145976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols" class="citation web cs1">Nichols, Michelle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-chief-hopes-israel-quickly-effectively-boost-gaza-aid-access-2024-04-05/">"UN chief to Israel: 196 aid workers have been killed, why?"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=UN+chief+to+Israel%3A+196+aid+workers+have+been+killed%2C+why%3F&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fun-chief-hopes-israel-quickly-effectively-boost-gaza-aid-access-2024-04-05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2813502">"'A clear war crime': President of Refugees International on killed aid workers"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240409205955/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2813502">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27A+clear+war+crime%27%3A+President+of+Refugees+International+on+killed+aid+workers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F4%2F2%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food%3Fupdate%3D2813502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2813109">"Aid workers 'part of collective punishment faced by Gaza civilians'"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240410014950/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2813109">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Aid+workers+%27part+of+collective+punishment+faced+by+Gaza+civilians%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F4%2F2%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food%3Fupdate%3D2813109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2812388">"Poland's Foreign Ministry reacts to killing of Polish aid volunteer"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240410040545/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2812388">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Poland%27s+Foreign+Ministry+reacts+to+killing+of+Polish+aid+volunteer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F4%2F2%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food%3Fupdate%3D2812388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2812164">"Cyprus condemns killings of World Central Kitchen workers"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510124442/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2812164">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Cyprus+condemns+killings+of+World+Central+Kitchen+workers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F4%2F2%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food%3Fupdate%3D2812164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2812143">"Targeting of aid workers a violation of international humanitarian law: Expert"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240410045323/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food?update=2812143">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Targeting+of+aid+workers+a+violation+of+international+humanitarian+law%3A+Expert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F4%2F2%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-five-aid-workers-killed-after-delivering-food%3Fupdate%3D2812143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazier" class="citation web cs1">Frazier, Kierra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/03/jose-andres-world-central-kitchen-gaza-00150314">"José Andrés calls on Israel to 'stop killing civilians and aid workers' after airstrike kills staff"</a>. Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240410051117/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/03/jose-andres-world-central-kitchen-gaza-00150314">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Jos%C3%A9+Andr%C3%A9s+calls+on+Israel+to+%27stop+killing+civilians+and+aid+workers%27+after+airstrike+kills+staff&rft.aulast=Frazier&rft.aufirst=Kierra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F04%2F03%2Fjose-andres-world-central-kitchen-gaza-00150314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-opt-unlawful-killings-gaza-city">"UN Human Rights Office - OPT: Unlawful killings in Gaza City"</a>. ReliefWeb. OHCHR. 20 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231224110520/https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-opt-unlawful-killings-gaza-city">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=UN+Human+Rights+Office+-+OPT%3A+Unlawful+killings+in+Gaza+City&rft.date=2023-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Fun-human-rights-office-opt-unlawful-killings-gaza-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2024/1/18/video-shows-aftermath-of-a-summary-execution-of-15-men-in-a-gaza-apartment">"Video shows aftermath of a summary execution of 15 men in a Gaza apartment"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240120020001/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2024/1/18/video-shows-aftermath-of-a-summary-execution-of-15-men-in-a-gaza-apartment">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Video+shows+aftermath+of+a+summary+execution+of+15+men+in+a+Gaza+apartment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogram%2Fnewsfeed%2F2024%2F1%2F18%2Fvideo-shows-aftermath-of-a-summary-execution-of-15-men-in-a-gaza-apartment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/19/israels-war-on-gaza-live-us-support-for-israel-ironclad-despite-rebuff?update=2634326">"'Summary execution is a war crime'"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119165218/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/19/israels-war-on-gaza-live-us-support-for-israel-ironclad-despite-rebuff?update=2634326">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27Summary+execution+is+a+war+crime%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F1%2F19%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-us-support-for-israel-ironclad-despite-rebuff%3Fupdate%3D2634326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al_Jazeera_2024_g408-127"><a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera_2024_g408_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/20/palestinians-accuse-israeli-forces-of-executing-19-civilians-in-gaza">"Palestinians accuse Israeli forces of executing 19 civilians in Gaza"</a>. Al Jazeera. 20 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240416111102/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/20/palestinians-accuse-israeli-forces-of-executing-19-civilians-in-gaza">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Palestinians+accuse+Israeli+forces+of+executing+19+civilians+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F1%2F20%2Fpalestinians-accuse-israeli-forces-of-executing-19-civilians-in-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231226-euro-med-submits-findings-on-israeli-army-executions-in-gaza-to-icc-un-calling-them-genocide/">"Euro-Med submits findings on Israeli army executions in Gaza to ICC, UN, calling them 'genocide' – Middle East Monitor"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104213949/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231226-euro-med-submits-findings-on-israeli-army-executions-in-gaza-to-icc-un-calling-them-genocide/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Euro-Med+submits+findings+on+Israeli+army+executions+in+Gaza+to+ICC%2C+UN%2C+calling+them+%27genocide%27+%E2%80%93+Middle+East+Monitor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20231226-euro-med-submits-findings-on-israeli-army-executions-in-gaza-to-icc-un-calling-them-genocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commondreams.org/news/israeli-executions">"Watchdog Submits Evidence of Israeli Executions of Gaza Civilians to UN, ICC"</a>. www.commondreams.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240213151431/https://www.commondreams.org/news/israeli-executions">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.commondreams.org&rft.atitle=Watchdog+Submits+Evidence+of+Israeli+Executions+of+Gaza+Civilians+to+UN%2C+ICC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commondreams.org%2Fnews%2Fisraeli-executions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alquds.com/en/posts/105179">"جريدة القدس"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324114657/https://www.alquds.com/en/posts/105179">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alquds.com%2Fen%2Fposts%2F105179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/9/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ceasefire-by-ramadan-looking-tough-biden-says?update=2761177">"Video of Israeli soldier bragging about killing elderly Palestinian condemned"</a>. 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423182757/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-rights-chief-horrified-by-mass-grave-reports-gaza-hospitals-2024-04-23/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=UN+rights+chief+%27horrified%27+by+mass+grave+reports+at+Gaza+hospitals&rft.aulast=Farge&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fun-rights-chief-horrified-by-mass-grave-reports-gaza-hospitals-2024-04-23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/21/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mother-child-among-killed-in-new-rafah-strike?update=2851884">"Mass graves 'an indication that war crimes have been committed'"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240424023955/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/21/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mother-child-among-killed-in-new-rafah-strike?update=2851884">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Mass+graves+%27an+indication+that+war+crimes+have+been+committed%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F4%2F21%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-mother-child-among-killed-in-new-rafah-strike%3Fupdate%3D2851884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/iraq-says-hamas-chief-killing-could-threaten-region-s-stability-68a0ad6a?refsec=topics_afp-news">"Iraq Says Hamas Chief Killing Could Threaten Region's Stability"</a>. Barron's. Agence France Presse. Retrieved 18 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Iraq+Says+Hamas+Chief+Killing+Could+Threaten+Region%27s+Stability&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Firaq-says-hamas-chief-killing-could-threaten-region-s-stability-68a0ad6a%3Frefsec%3Dtopics_afp-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-heritage-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_149-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritageforpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Report-of-the-effects-of-the-last-war-of-2023-on-the-cultural-heritage-in-Gaza-Strip-Palestine-english.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1adISTNx0oAWoqXuYDF0lCoxruPnP5dBylyFG7C0JmfATOiy0ciEK3Gyk">"Report on the Impact of the Recent War in 2023 on the Cultural Heritage in Gaza Strip - Palestine"</a> (PDF). Heritage for Peace. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114065536/http://www.heritageforpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Report-of-the-effects-of-the-last-war-of-2023-on-the-cultural-heritage-in-Gaza-Strip-Palestine-english.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1adISTNx0oAWoqXuYDF0lCoxruPnP5dBylyFG7C0JmfATOiy0ciEK3Gyk">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heritage+for+Peace&rft.atitle=Report+on+the+Impact+of+the+Recent+War+in+2023+on+the+Cultural+Heritage+in+Gaza+Strip+-+Palestine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritageforpeace.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F11%2FReport-of-the-effects-of-the-last-war-of-2023-on-the-cultural-heritage-in-Gaza-Strip-Palestine-english.pdf%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1adISTNx0oAWoqXuYDF0lCoxruPnP5dBylyFG7C0JmfATOiy0ciEK3Gyk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-libraries-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-libraries_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-libraries_150-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamaa2023" class="citation news cs1">Chamaa, Mohamad El (4 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/gaza-library-palestinian-culture/">"Gazans mourn loss of their libraries: Cultural beacons and communal spaces"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231229210059/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/gaza-library-palestinian-culture/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Gazans+mourn+loss+of+their+libraries%3A+Cultural+beacons+and+communal+spaces&rft.date=2023-12-04&rft.aulast=Chamaa&rft.aufirst=Mohamad+El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2F11%2F30%2Fgaza-library-palestinian-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theart:2-151"><a href="#cite_ref-theart:2_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/11/28/bombing-of-gaza-has-damaged-or-destroyed-more-than-100-heritage-sites-ngo-report-reveals">"Bombing of Gaza has damaged or destroyed more than 100 heritage sites, NGO report reveals"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper+-+International+art+news+and+events&rft.atitle=Bombing+of+Gaza+has+damaged+or+destroyed+more+than+100+heritage+sites%2C+NGO+report+reveals&rft.date=2023-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartnewspaper.com%2F2023%2F11%2F28%2Fbombing-of-gaza-has-damaged-or-destroyed-more-than-100-heritage-sites-ngo-report-reveals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gilad1-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gilad1_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gilad1_152-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilad2023" class="citation news cs1">Gilad, Moshe (26 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-12-26/ty-article-magazine/.premium/bombing-historical-sites-in-gaza-israel-is-destroying-everything-beautiful/0000018c-a565-df1f-a7bf-b7e53e8e0000">"Bombing Historical Sites in Gaza:'Israel Is Destroying Everything Beautiful': The 13th century Great Omari Mosque, the Church of Saint Porphyrius, the excavation site at the ancient port: Alongside thousands of dead and hundreds of thousands of displaced, dozens of heritage sites in the Gaza Strip have been destroyed by Israeli bombardment"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131242/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-12-26/ty-article-magazine/.premium/bombing-historical-sites-in-gaza-israel-is-destroying-everything-beautiful/0000018c-a565-df1f-a7bf-b7e53e8e0000">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Bombing+Historical+Sites+in+Gaza%3A%27Israel+Is+Destroying+Everything+Beautiful%27%3A+The+13th+century+Great+Omari+Mosque%2C+the+Church+of+Saint+Porphyrius%2C+the+excavation+site+at+the+ancient+port%3A+Alongside+thousands+of+dead+and+hundreds+of+thousands+of+displaced%2C+dozens+of+heritage+sites+in+the+Gaza+Strip+have+been+destroyed+by+Israeli+bombardment&rft.date=2023-12-26&rft.aulast=Gilad&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-12-26%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.premium%2Fbombing-historical-sites-in-gaza-israel-is-destroying-everything-beautiful%2F0000018c-a565-df1f-a7bf-b7e53e8e0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/12/03/1216200754/gaza-heritage-sites-destroyed-israel">"New report details 104 Gaza cultural landmarks destoyed or damaged"</a>. NPR. 3 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127172320/https://www.npr.org/2023/12/03/1216200754/gaza-heritage-sites-destroyed-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=New+report+details+104+Gaza+cultural+landmarks+destoyed+or+damaged&rft.date=2023-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F12%2F03%2F1216200754%2Fgaza-heritage-sites-destroyed-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaber" class="citation web cs1">Saber, Indlieb Farazi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/14/a-cultural-genocide-which-of-gazas-heritage-sites-have-been-destroyed">"A 'cultural genocide': Which of Gaza's heritage sites have been destroyed?"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127233431/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/14/a-cultural-genocide-which-of-gazas-heritage-sites-have-been-destroyed">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=A+%27cultural+genocide%27%3A+Which+of+Gaza%27s+heritage+sites+have+been+destroyed%3F&rft.aulast=Saber&rft.aufirst=Indlieb+Farazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F1%2F14%2Fa-cultural-genocide-which-of-gazas-heritage-sites-have-been-destroyed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKansaraNour2024" class="citation news cs1">Kansara, Reha; Nour, Ahmed (30 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67983018">"Israel-Gaza war: Counting the destruction of religious sites"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240201054751/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67983018">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Israel-Gaza+war%3A+Counting+the+destruction+of+religious+sites&rft.date=2024-01-30&rft.aulast=Kansara&rft.aufirst=Reha&rft.au=Nour%2C+Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-67983018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/3vwl57?update=3223479">"Israeli army destroys 814 mosques, 3 churches, 19 cemeteries"</a>. Al Jazeera. 5 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israeli+army+destroys+814+mosques%2C+3+churches%2C+19+cemeteries&rft.date=2024-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2F3vwl57%3Fupdate%3D3223479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2024" class="citation news cs1">Wagner, Kate (24 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/world/great-omari-mosque-urbicide-gaza/">"What Israel's Destruction of the Great Omari Mosque Means"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127063347/https://www.thenation.com/article/world/great-omari-mosque-urbicide-gaza/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+Israel%27s+Destruction+of+the+Great+Omari+Mosque+Means&rft.date=2024-01-24&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Fgreat-omari-mosque-urbicide-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaber" class="citation news cs1">Saber, Indlieb Farazi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/14/a-cultural-genocide-which-of-gazas-heritage-sites-have-been-destroyed">"A 'cultural genocide': Which of Gaza's heritage sites have been destroyed?"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127233431/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/14/a-cultural-genocide-which-of-gazas-heritage-sites-have-been-destroyed">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=A+%27cultural+genocide%27%3A+Which+of+Gaza%27s+heritage+sites+have+been+destroyed%3F&rft.aulast=Saber&rft.aufirst=Indlieb+Farazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F1%2F14%2Fa-cultural-genocide-which-of-gazas-heritage-sites-have-been-destroyed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn-mosques-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn-mosques_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn-mosques_159-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/10/world/gaza-mosque-before-after-images-dg/index.html">"Before and after images show Gaza mosque devastation"</a>. CNN. 10 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240128215552/https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/10/world/gaza-mosque-before-after-images-dg/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Before+and+after+images+show+Gaza+mosque+devastation&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F10%2F10%2Fworld%2Fgaza-mosque-before-after-images-dg%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Werbeck_Batrawy_Kenyon_Rizkallah_2023_s022-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Werbeck_Batrawy_Kenyon_Rizkallah_2023_s022_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerbeckBatrawyKenyonRizkallah2023" class="citation web cs1">Werbeck, Nicole; Batrawy, Aya; Kenyon, Peter; Rizkallah, Jawad; Mitre, Estefania; Widyatmadja, Grace (15 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2023/10/15/1206040971/photos-scenes-from-the-israel-gaza-war">"Photos: Scenes from the Israel-Hamas War"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418215617/https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2023/10/15/1206040971/photos-scenes-from-the-israel-gaza-war">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Photos%3A+Scenes+from+the+Israel-Hamas+War&rft.date=2023-10-15&rft.aulast=Werbeck&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.au=Batrawy%2C+Aya&rft.au=Kenyon%2C+Peter&rft.au=Rizkallah%2C+Jawad&rft.au=Mitre%2C+Estefania&rft.au=Widyatmadja%2C+Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fpictureshow%2F2023%2F10%2F15%2F1206040971%2Fphotos-scenes-from-the-israel-gaza-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaule2024" class="citation news cs1">Beaule, Victoria (25 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/israel-warned-gaza-civilians-evacuate-idf-bombs-struck/story?id=106406942#:~:text=Between%20Dec.%207%20and%208,destroyed%20walls%20of%20the%20hospital.">"As Israel warned Gaza civilians to evacuate, IDF bombs struck city described as sanctuary"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240128065550/https://abcnews.go.com/International/israel-warned-gaza-civilians-evacuate-idf-bombs-struck/story?id=106406942#:~:text=Between%20Dec.%207%20and%208,destroyed%20walls%20of%20the%20hospital.">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=As+Israel+warned+Gaza+civilians+to+evacuate%2C+IDF+bombs+struck+city+described+as+sanctuary&rft.date=2024-01-25&rft.aulast=Beaule&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fisrael-warned-gaza-civilians-evacuate-idf-bombs-struck%2Fstory%3Fid%3D106406942%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBetween%2520Dec.%25207%2520and%25208%2Cdestroyed%2520walls%2520of%2520the%2520hospital.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/trvz4m?update=2582569">"Mosque in central Gaza destroyed in Israeli attacks"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227162310/https://aje.io/trvz4m?update=2582569">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Mosque+in+central+Gaza+destroyed+in+Israeli+attacks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Ftrvz4m%3Fupdate%3D2582569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn1-163">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn1_163-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn1_163-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond2024" class="citation web cs1">Diamond, Jeremy (20 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/20/middleeast/israel-gaza-cemeteries-desecrated-investigation-intl-cmd/index.html">"At least 16 cemeteries in Gaza have been desecrated by Israeli forces, satellite imagery and videos reveal"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240120225627/https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/20/middleeast/israel-gaza-cemeteries-desecrated-investigation-intl-cmd/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=At+least+16+cemeteries+in+Gaza+have+been+desecrated+by+Israeli+forces%2C+satellite+imagery+and+videos+reveal&rft.date=2024-01-20&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F01%2F20%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-gaza-cemeteries-desecrated-investigation-intl-cmd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/14/world/middleeast/gaza-cemeteries-damage-israel.html">"Satellite Imagery and Video Shows Some Gazan Cemeteries Razed by Israeli Forces"</a>. The New York Times. 14 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216001940/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/14/world/middleeast/gaza-cemeteries-damage-israel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Satellite+Imagery+and+Video+Shows+Some+Gazan+Cemeteries+Razed+by+Israeli+Forces&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F12%2F14%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fgaza-cemeteries-damage-israel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2021-09/2021%20Factsheet%20-%20Destruction%20of%20Cemeteries.pdf">"Destruction of Cemeteries"</a> (PDF). United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415164700/https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2021-09/2021%20Factsheet%20-%20Destruction%20of%20Cemeteries.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Commission+on+International+Religious+Freedom&rft.atitle=Destruction+of+Cemeteries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscirf.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2021-09%2F2021%2520Factsheet%2520-%2520Destruction%2520of%2520Cemeteries.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/3vwl57?update=3223479">"Israeli army destroys 814 mosques, 3 churches, 19 cemeteries"</a>. Al Jazeera. 5 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israeli+army+destroys+814+mosques%2C+3+churches%2C+19+cemeteries&rft.date=2024-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2F3vwl57%3Fupdate%3D3223479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/world/israeli-forces-bulldoze-cemetery-in-eastern-gaza-crushing-the-dead/vi-AA1lQLMf#details">"Israeli forces bulldoze cemetery in eastern Gaza, crushing the dead"</a>. MSN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231222005956/https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/world/israeli-forces-bulldoze-cemetery-in-eastern-gaza-crushing-the-dead/vi-AA1lQLMf#details">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=Israeli+forces+bulldoze+cemetery+in+eastern+Gaza%2C+crushing+the+dead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-in%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fisraeli-forces-bulldoze-cemetery-in-eastern-gaza-crushing-the-dead%2Fvi-AA1lQLMf%23details&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison" class="citation web cs1">Allison, Ismail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cair.com/press_releases/cair-calls-israels-new-ethnic-cleansing-bulldozing-of-bodies-in-cemetery-forced-starvation-of-gaza-children-the-latest-israeli-war-crimes-of-the-day/">"CAIR Calls Israel's New Ethnic Cleansing, Bulldozing of Bodies in Cemetery, Forced Starvation of Gaza Children the Latest 'Israeli War Crimes of the Day'"</a>. Council on American Islamic Relations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231222005956/https://www.cair.com/press_releases/cair-calls-israels-new-ethnic-cleansing-bulldozing-of-bodies-in-cemetery-forced-starvation-of-gaza-children-the-latest-israeli-war-crimes-of-the-day/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+American+Islamic+Relations&rft.atitle=CAIR+Calls+Israel%27s+New+Ethnic+Cleansing%2C+Bulldozing+of+Bodies+in+Cemetery%2C+Forced+Starvation+of+Gaza+Children+the+Latest+%27Israeli+War+Crimes+of+the+Day%27&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Ismail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cair.com%2Fpress_releases%2Fcair-calls-israels-new-ethnic-cleansing-bulldozing-of-bodies-in-cemetery-forced-starvation-of-gaza-children-the-latest-israeli-war-crimes-of-the-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/palestinians-rebury-bodies-exhumed-from-gaza-cemetery-78208338">"Palestinians Rebury Bodies Exhumed From Gaza Cemetery"</a>. Barron's. Agence France Presse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107002054/https://www.barrons.com/news/palestinians-rebury-bodies-exhumed-from-gaza-cemetery-78208338">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Palestinians+Rebury+Bodies+Exhumed+From+Gaza+Cemetery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fpalestinians-rebury-bodies-exhumed-from-gaza-cemetery-78208338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalmazan2024" class="citation web cs1">Talmazan, Yuliya (18 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/live-blog/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-rcna134245/rcrd31194?canonicalCard=true">"Gazans in Khan Younis allege Israeli soldiers raided cemetery"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118035157/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/live-blog/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-rcna134245/rcrd31194?canonicalCard=true">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Gazans+in+Khan+Younis+allege+Israeli+soldiers+raided+cemetery&rft.date=2024-01-18&rft.aulast=Talmazan&rft.aufirst=Yuliya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Flive-blog%2Fisrael-hamas-war-live-updates-rcna134245%2Frcrd31194%3FcanonicalCard%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-95">"Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #95"</a>. UNOCHA. United Nations. 17 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119002114/https://www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-95">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNOCHA&rft.atitle=Hostilities+in+the+Gaza+Strip+and+Israel+Flash+Update+%2395&rft.date=2024-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fcontent%2Fhostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/middle-east-crisis-us-uk-launch-strikes-houthi-targets-israel-gaza-hamas-12978800?postid=7088248#liveblog-body">"Israeli military indicates it searched Gaza cemetery for bodies of hostages"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119031436/https://news.sky.com/story/middle-east-crisis-us-uk-launch-strikes-houthi-targets-israel-gaza-hamas-12978800?postid=7088248#liveblog-body">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Israeli+military+indicates+it+searched+Gaza+cemetery+for+bodies+of+hostages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fmiddle-east-crisis-us-uk-launch-strikes-houthi-targets-israel-gaza-hamas-12978800%3Fpostid%3D7088248%23liveblog-body&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond2024" class="citation news cs1">Diamond, Jeremy (29 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/29/world/israel-cemetery-bani-suheila-intl/index.html">"Israel claims a tunnel ran through this Gaza cemetery it destroyed. A visit to the site raised more questions than answers"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240201170334/https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/29/world/israel-cemetery-bani-suheila-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel+claims+a+tunnel+ran+through+this+Gaza+cemetery+it+destroyed.+A+visit+to+the+site+raised+more+questions+than+answers&rft.date=2024-01-29&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F01%2F29%2Fworld%2Fisrael-cemetery-bani-suheila-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond2024" class="citation news cs1">Diamond, Jeremy (29 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2024/01/29/idf-gaza-graveyard-destruction-diamond-pkg-lead-vpx.cnn">"IDF says they destroyed this Gaza graveyard because of Hamas activity. CNN can't find the evidence | CNN"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131143452/https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2024/01/29/idf-gaza-graveyard-destruction-diamond-pkg-lead-vpx.cnn">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=IDF+says+they+destroyed+this+Gaza+graveyard+because+of+Hamas+activity.+CNN+can%27t+find+the+evidence+%7C+CNN&rft.date=2024-01-29&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fworld%2F2024%2F01%2F29%2Fidf-gaza-graveyard-destruction-diamond-pkg-lead-vpx.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/l9o832?update=3219058">"Bashoura cemetery damaged due to Israeli attack"</a>. 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Black's Law Dictionary (8th ed.). St. Paul, MN: Thomson West. p. 280. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0314151995" title="Special:BookSources/978-0314151995"><bdi>978-0314151995</bdi></a>. <q>Collective punishment was outlawed in 1949 by the Geneva Convention.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black%27s+Law+Dictionary&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+MN&rft.pages=280&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Thomson+West&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0314151995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlocker" class="citation book cs1">Klocker, Cornelia. 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Barron's. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018171445/https://www.barrons.com/news/un-s-guterres-says-hamas-attacks-do-not-justify-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-d56430f0">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=UN%27s+Guterres+Says+Hamas+Attacks+Do+Not+Justify+%27Collective+Punishment%27+Of+Palestinians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fun-s-guterres-says-hamas-attacks-do-not-justify-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-d56430f0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/10/23/israel-hamas-war-live-hundreds-killed-israeli-strikes-gaza?update=2434221">"HRW slams Israel for committing war crimes against Palestinians"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231024213227/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/10/23/israel-hamas-war-live-hundreds-killed-israeli-strikes-gaza?update=2434221">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=HRW+slams+Israel+for+committing+war+crimes+against+Palestinians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F10%2F23%2Fisrael-hamas-war-live-hundreds-killed-israeli-strikes-gaza%3Fupdate%3D2434221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/10/28/israel-hamas-war-live-invasion-under-way-as-gaza-cut-off-from-the-world?update=2447182">"Impeding aid to Gaza may constitute crime under ICC jurisdiction"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231029225458/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/10/28/israel-hamas-war-live-invasion-under-way-as-gaza-cut-off-from-the-world?update=2447182">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2023. 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Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Gaza%27s+Health+Ministry+blames+Israeli+troops+for+deadly+shooting+as+crowd+waited+for+aid&rft.date=2024-01-25&rft.aulast=Jobain&rft.aufirst=Najib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-hamas-war-news-01-25-2024-e5592d58f88fd04a87363b0137025926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-hamas-war-gaza-idf-unrwa-shelter-khan-younis-hospitals-under-siege/">"U.N. slams Israel for deadly strike on Gaza shelter as war with Hamas leaves hospitals under siege"</a>. CBS News. 25 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126024701/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-hamas-war-gaza-idf-unrwa-shelter-khan-younis-hospitals-under-siege/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=U.N.+slams+Israel+for+deadly+strike+on+Gaza+shelter+as+war+with+Hamas+leaves+hospitals+under+siege&rft.date=2024-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fisrael-hamas-war-gaza-idf-unrwa-shelter-khan-younis-hospitals-under-siege%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubovich2024" class="citation news cs1">Kubovich, Yaniv (31 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-01-31/ty-article/.premium/israeli-army-occupies-gaza-homes-then-burns-them-down/0000018d-6021-d16e-a39f-7f3f01e30000">"Israeli Army Occupies Gaza Homes – Then Burns Them Down"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240201165613/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-01-31/ty-article/.premium/israeli-army-occupies-gaza-homes-then-burns-them-down/0000018d-6021-d16e-a39f-7f3f01e30000">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israeli+Army+Occupies+Gaza+Homes+%E2%80%93+Then+Burns+Them+Down&rft.date=2024-01-31&rft.aulast=Kubovich&rft.aufirst=Yaniv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2024-01-31%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fisraeli-army-occupies-gaza-homes-then-burns-them-down%2F0000018d-6021-d16e-a39f-7f3f01e30000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/03/18/ukraine-deadly-attacks-kill-injure-civilians-destroy-homes">"Deadly Attacks Kill, Injure Civilians, Destroy Homes"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Deadly+Attacks+Kill%2C+Injure+Civilians%2C+Destroy+Homes&rft.date=2022-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2022%2F03%2F18%2Fukraine-deadly-attacks-kill-injure-civilians-destroy-homes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarge" class="citation web cs1">Farge, Emma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-still-imposing-unlawful-restrictions-gaza-aid-un-rights-office-says-2024-04-16/#:~:text=%22Israel%20continues%20to%20impose%20unlawful,reiterating%20calls%20for%20unfettered%20access.">"Israel still imposing 'unlawful' restrictions on Gaza aid, UN rights office says"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Israel+still+imposing+%27unlawful%27+restrictions+on+Gaza+aid%2C+UN+rights+office+says&rft.aulast=Farge&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-still-imposing-unlawful-restrictions-gaza-aid-un-rights-office-says-2024-04-16%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3D%2522Israel%2520continues%2520to%2520impose%2520unlawful%2Creiterating%2520calls%2520for%2520unfettered%2520access.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2024" class="citation news cs1">Henderson, Cameron (22 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/04/22/israel-hamas-gaza-war-iran-latest-news-jerusalem-car-terror/">"Ireland accuses Israel of war crime in Gaza"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425004003/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/04/22/israel-hamas-gaza-war-iran-latest-news-jerusalem-car-terror/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ireland+accuses+Israel+of+war+crime+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-04-22&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2024%2F04%2F22%2Fisrael-hamas-gaza-war-iran-latest-news-jerusalem-car-terror%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShurafaKrauss" class="citation news cs1">Shurafa, Wafaa; Krauss, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/gaza-residents-struggle-to-follow-israeli-evacuation-order-amid-critical-water-shortage">"Gaza residents struggle to follow Israeli evacuation order amid critical water shortage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS_Newshour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Newshour">PBS Newshour</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015020157/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/gaza-residents-struggle-to-follow-israeli-evacuation-order-amid-critical-water-shortage">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+Newshour&rft.atitle=Gaza+residents+struggle+to+follow+Israeli+evacuation+order+amid+critical+water+shortage&rft.aulast=Shurafa&rft.aufirst=Wafaa&rft.au=Krauss%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fworld%2Fgaza-residents-struggle-to-follow-israeli-evacuation-order-amid-critical-water-shortage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehtaNicol2023" class="citation news cs1">Mehta, Lyla; Nicol, Alan (19 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/19/cutting-off-water-to-gaza-is-a-war">"Cutting off water to Gaza is a war crime"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019171300/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/19/cutting-off-water-to-gaza-is-a-war">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cutting+off+water+to+Gaza+is+a+war+crime&rft.date=2023-10-19&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Lyla&rft.au=Nicol%2C+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F19%2Fcutting-off-water-to-gaza-is-a-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/water-and-armed-conflicts">"Water and Armed Conflicts"</a>. Casebook. <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015200255/https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/water-and-armed-conflicts">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Casebook&rft.atitle=Water+and+Armed+Conflicts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasebook.icrc.org%2Fcase-study%2Fwater-and-armed-conflicts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Leary" class="citation news cs1">O'Leary, Naomi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/world/middle-east/2023/10/10/cutting-gaza-off-from-food-and-water-against-international-law-says-eu/">"Israel's move to cut Gaza off from food and water is against international law, says EU"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015185207/https://www.irishtimes.com/world/middle-east/2023/10/10/cutting-gaza-off-from-food-and-water-against-international-law-says-eu/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+move+to+cut+Gaza+off+from+food+and+water+is+against+international+law%2C+says+EU&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2F2023%2F10%2F10%2Fcutting-gaza-off-from-food-and-water-against-international-law-says-eu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/14/water-a-matter-of-life-and-death-for-gaza-strip-says-un-agency">"Water a 'matter of life and death' for Gaza after Israeli siege, says UN"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014215043/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/14/water-a-matter-of-life-and-death-for-gaza-strip-says-un-agency">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Water+a+%27matter+of+life+and+death%27+for+Gaza+after+Israeli+siege%2C+says+UN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F14%2Fwater-a-matter-of-life-and-death-for-gaza-strip-says-un-agency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpiroMagid2023" class="citation news cs1">Spiro, Amy; Magid, Jacob (15 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231016002435/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-says-it-is-restarting-water-supply-to-southern-gaza-strip/">"Israel says it is restarting water supply to southern Gaza Strip"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-says-it-is-restarting-water-supply-to-southern-gaza-strip/">the original</a> on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Israel+says+it+is+restarting+water+supply+to+southern+Gaza+Strip&rft.date=2023-10-15&rft.aulast=Spiro&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.au=Magid%2C+Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fisrael-says-it-is-restarting-water-supply-to-southern-gaza-strip%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliphant2023" class="citation news cs1">Oliphant, Roland (15 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/10/15/israel-gaza-hamas-evacuation-water-supply-south-encourage/">"Israel resumes water supply to south of Gaza to encourage evacuation"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324115256/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/10/15/israel-gaza-hamas-evacuation-water-supply-south-encourage/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Israel+resumes+water+supply+to+south+of+Gaza+to+encourage+evacuation&rft.date=2023-10-15&rft.aulast=Oliphant&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2023%2F10%2F15%2Fisrael-gaza-hamas-evacuation-water-supply-south-encourage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJobainKullab" class="citation news cs1">Jobain, Najib; Kullab, Samya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/water-runs-shelters-gaza-medics-fear-patients-israeli-103991022">"Water runs out at UN shelters in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022012056/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/water-runs-shelters-gaza-medics-fear-patients-israeli-103991022">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Water+runs+out+at+UN+shelters+in+Gaza&rft.aulast=Jobain&rft.aufirst=Najib&rft.au=Kullab%2C+Samya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fwater-runs-shelters-gaza-medics-fear-patients-israeli-103991022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-drinking_salty_water-205"><a href="#cite_ref-drinking_salty_water_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Mughrabi2023" class="citation news cs1">Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (16 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-people-resort-drinking-salty-water-garbage-piles-up-2023-10-16/">"In Gaza, people resort to drinking salty water, garbage piles up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022012057/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-people-resort-drinking-salty-water-garbage-piles-up-2023-10-16/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. 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Retrieved 6 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reliefweb.int&rft.atitle=Israel+is+Waging+an+Extensive+War+of+Starvation+against+Gaza%27s+Civilian+Population+%5BEN%2FAR%5D+-+occupied+Palestinian+territory+%7C+ReliefWeb&rft.date=2023-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Fisrael-waging-extensive-war-starvation-against-gazas-civilian-population-enar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_Azzoum" class="citation web cs1">Abu Azzoum, Tareq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-palestinians-fleeing-rafah-face-israeli-strikes?update=2716291">"Israel using starvation as 'weapon of war'"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel+using+starvation+as+%27weapon+of+war%27&rft.aulast=Abu+Azzoum&rft.aufirst=Tareq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F18%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-palestinians-fleeing-rafah-face-israeli-strikes%3Fupdate%3D2716291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7V4Vi-225">^ <a href="#cite_ref-7V4Vi_225-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-7V4Vi_225-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff" class="citation web cs1">Staff, Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/7/israels-blocking-of-aid-creating-apocalyptic-conditions-in-gaza">"Israel's blocking of aid creating 'apocalyptic' conditions in Gaza"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+blocking+of+aid+creating+%27apocalyptic%27+conditions+in+Gaza&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.aufirst=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F3%2F7%2Fisraels-blocking-of-aid-creating-apocalyptic-conditions-in-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/world-court-orders-israel-take-measures-ensure-food-gets-into-gaza-2024-03-28/">"World court orders Israel to take action to address Gaza famine | Reuters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=World+court+orders+Israel+to+take+action+to+address+Gaza+famine+%26%23124%3B+Reuters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fworld-court-orders-israel-take-measures-ensure-food-gets-into-gaza-2024-03-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershnerAbdulrahimRasgonClosson2024" class="citation news cs1">Kershner, Isabel; Abdulrahim, Raja; Rasgon, Adam; Closson, Troy (27 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/27/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-war-humanitarian-aid.html">"Aid Flows to Gaza Are Rising, U.N. 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Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=Health-care+and+relief+workers+killed+in+Gaza+as+humanitarian+groups+navigate+full+blockade&rft.aulast=Basu&rft.aufirst=Brishti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fhealth-workers-gaza-killed-1.6992828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2023/10/14/ambulances-hit-during-israeli-air-attack-in-gazavideo-shows-the-moment-a-co">"Ambulances hit during Israeli air attack in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014184414/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2023/10/14/ambulances-hit-during-israeli-air-attack-in-gazavideo-shows-the-moment-a-co">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Ambulances+hit+during+Israeli+air+attack+in+Gaza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogram%2Fnewsfeed%2F2023%2F10%2F14%2Fambulances-hit-during-israeli-air-attack-in-gazavideo-shows-the-moment-a-co&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_RiashMarsi" class="citation news cs1">Abu Riash, Abed; Marsi, Federica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities">"Gaza medics say Israel targeting ambulances, health facilities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022010523/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Gaza+medics+say+Israel+targeting+ambulances%2C+health+facilities&rft.aulast=Abu+Riash&rft.aufirst=Abed&rft.au=Marsi%2C+Federica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F12%2Fwar-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_Riash_and_Marsi2023" class="citation web cs1">Abu Riash and Marsi, Abed and Federica (12 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities">"Gaza medics say Israel targeting ambulances, health facilities"</a>. aljazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022010523/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera&rft.atitle=Gaza+medics+say+Israel+targeting+ambulances%2C+health+facilities&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft.aulast=Abu+Riash+and+Marsi&rft.aufirst=Abed+and+Federica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F12%2Fwar-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ifrc-gaza-238"><a href="#cite_ref-ifrc-gaza_238-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/nine-staffers-working-with-un-palestinian-refugee-agency-killed-air-strikes-gaza-2023-10-11/">"Eleven workers with UN refugee agency, five IFRC members killed in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 11 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011182301/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/nine-staffers-working-with-un-palestinian-refugee-agency-killed-air-strikes-gaza-2023-10-11/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Eleven+workers+with+UN+refugee+agency%2C+five+IFRC+members+killed+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fnine-staffers-working-with-un-palestinian-refugee-agency-killed-air-strikes-gaza-2023-10-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ajmedic-239"><a href="#cite_ref-ajmedic_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities">"Gaza medics say Israel targeting ambulances, health facilities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Aljazeera</a>. 12 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022010523/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aljazeera&rft.atitle=Gaza+medics+say+Israel+targeting+ambulances%2C+health+facilities&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F12%2Fwar-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evacuation_orders_by_Israel-240"><a href="#cite_ref-Evacuation_orders_by_Israel_240-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emro.who.int/media/news/evacuation-orders-by-israel-to-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-are-a-death-sentence-for-the-sick-and-injured.html">"Evacuation orders by Israel to hospitals in northern Gaza are a death sentence for the sick and injured"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022011030/https://www.emro.who.int/media/news/evacuation-orders-by-israel-to-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-are-a-death-sentence-for-the-sick-and-injured.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Evacuation+orders+by+Israel+to+hospitals+in+northern+Gaza+are+a+death+sentence+for+the+sick+and+injured&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emro.who.int%2Fmedia%2Fnews%2Fevacuation-orders-by-israel-to-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-are-a-death-sentence-for-the-sick-and-injured.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/10/1142347">"Gaza: Forcing patients to flee hospitals a 'death sentence' warns WHO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 14 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231017075513/https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/10/1142347">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2023. 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Retrieved 18 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=In+Gaza%27s+deadliest+day%2C+hospital+strike+kills+about+500&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fworld-news%2Fin-gazas-deadliest-day-hospital-strike-kills-about-500%2Farticleshow%2F104506456.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrtizBacon" class="citation news cs1">Ortiz, Jorge L.; Bacon, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2023/10/17/israel-hamas-war-live-updates/71212615007/">"After Gaza hospital bombing kills hundreds, Israel and Hamas blame each other: Updates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018133436/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2023/10/17/israel-hamas-war-live-updates/71212615007/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=After+Gaza+hospital+bombing+kills+hundreds%2C+Israel+and+Hamas+blame+each+other%3A+Updates&rft.aulast=Ortiz&rft.aufirst=Jorge+L.&rft.au=Bacon%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2023%2F10%2F17%2Fisrael-hamas-war-live-updates%2F71212615007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/ucn3l5?update=2461707">"105 medical facilities 'deliberately targeted' by Israeli forces: Health ministry"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=105+medical+facilities+%27deliberately+targeted%27+by+Israeli+forces%3A+Health+ministry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fucn3l5%3Fupdate%3D2461707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/tkd154?">"250 attacks on medical staff and health facilities: Health ministry"</a>. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106034840/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/29/middleeast/israel-second-stage-war-ground-forces-gaza-sunday-hnk-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Israeli+troops+advance+in+Gaza%2C+hostage+freed+and+%27impossible%27+hospital+evacuation%3A+What+to+know+Monday&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft.aulast=Paddison&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Michaelis%2C+Tamar&rft.au=Dahman%2C+Ibrahim&rft.au=Tal%2C+Amir&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Simone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F10%2F29%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-second-stage-war-ground-forces-gaza-sunday-hnk-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/10/31/israel-hamas-war-live-israeli-air-attacks-continue-across-gaza">"Israel-Hamas war live: Israeli attacks near Gaza City"</a>. 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Retrieved 31 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel-Hamas+war+live%3A+Israeli+attacks+near+Gaza+City&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F10%2F31%2Fisrael-hamas-war-live-israeli-air-attacks-continue-across-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-niaha-248"><a href="#cite_ref-niaha_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/news/israeli-strikes-hit-gazas-al-shifa-hospital-al-rashid-road">"New Israeli airstrikes hit Al-Shifa hospital, al-Rashid road as Israel's bombardment of the Gaza Strip continues"</a>. The New Arab. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107192212/https://www.newarab.com/news/israeli-strikes-hit-gazas-al-shifa-hospital-al-rashid-road">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Israeli+airstrikes+hit+Al-Shifa+hospital%2C+al-Rashid+road+as+Israel%27s+bombardment+of+the+Gaza+Strip+continues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Fisraeli-strikes-hit-gazas-al-shifa-hospital-al-rashid-road&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-imcit-249"><a href="#cite_ref-imcit_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/health-ministry-gaza-says-israel-targeted-convoy-ambulances-leaving-al-shifa-2023-11-03/#:~:text=GAZA%2C%20Nov%203%20(Reuters),the%20south%20of%20the%20territory.">"Israel strikes ambulance near Gaza hospital, 15 reported killed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 3 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103235417/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/health-ministry-gaza-says-israel-targeted-convoy-ambulances-leaving-al-shifa-2023-11-03/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Israel+strikes+ambulance+near+Gaza+hospital%2C+15+reported+killed&rft.date=2023-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fhealth-ministry-gaza-says-israel-targeted-convoy-ambulances-leaving-al-shifa-2023-11-03%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DGAZA%252C%2520Nov%25203%2520%28Reuters%29%2Cthe%2520south%2520of%2520the%2520territory.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/ucn3l5?update=2460653">"Even if the ambulance was carrying a Hamas overlord, bombing it violates the Geneva Convention"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324115319/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/4/israel-hamas-war-live-20-dead-in-israeli-attack-on-school-ministry?update=2460653">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Even+if+the+ambulance+was+carrying+a+Hamas+overlord%2C+bombing+it+violates+the+Geneva+Convention.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fucn3l5%3Fupdate%3D2460653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/ucn3l5?update=2460796">"UN secretary-general 'horrified' by Israel's attack on ambulances"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324115126/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/4/israel-hamas-war-live-20-dead-in-israeli-attack-on-school-ministry?update=2460796">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=UN+secretary-general+%27horrified%27+by+Israel%27s+attack+on+ambulances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fucn3l5%3Fupdate%3D2460796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCareyJohnFlower2023" class="citation news cs1">Carey, Andrew; John, Tara; Flower, Kevin (3 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/03/middleeast/casualties-gazas-shifa-hospital-idf/index.html">"Israel admits airstrike on ambulance near hospital that witnesses say killed and wounded dozens"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231104002513/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/03/middleeast/casualties-gazas-shifa-hospital-idf/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Israel+admits+airstrike+on+ambulance+near+hospital+that+witnesses+say+killed+and+wounded+dozens&rft.date=2023-11-03&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=John%2C+Tara&rft.au=Flower%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F11%2F03%2Fmiddleeast%2Fcasualties-gazas-shifa-hospital-idf%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/hamas-hospitals-israel">"How Hamas uses hospitals as shields during war"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324115321/https://nationalpost.com/news/hamas-hospitals-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Hamas+uses+hospitals+as+shields+during+war&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fhamas-hospitals-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBettini2014" class="citation news cs1">Bettini, Daniel (7 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4556016,00.html">"Foreign journalists reveal Hamas' false front"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231104081743/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4556016,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Foreign+journalists+reveal+Hamas%27+false+front&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft.aulast=Bettini&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4556016%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaumont2023" class="citation news cs1">Beaumont, Peter (30 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/30/human-shield-israel-claim-hamas-command-centre-under-hospital-palestinian-civilian-gaza-city">"What is a human shield and how has Hamas been accused of using them?"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107212606/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/30/human-shield-israel-claim-hamas-command-centre-under-hospital-palestinian-civilian-gaza-city">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+is+a+human+shield+and+how+has+Hamas+been+accused+of+using+them%3F&rft.date=2023-10-30&rft.aulast=Beaumont&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F30%2Fhuman-shield-israel-claim-hamas-command-centre-under-hospital-palestinian-civilian-gaza-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/27/hamas-rejects-israeli-claim-over-installations-under-al-shifa-hospital">"Hamas rejects Israeli claim over installations under al-Shifa hospital"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115182224/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/27/hamas-rejects-israeli-claim-over-installations-under-al-shifa-hospital">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Hamas+rejects+Israeli+claim+over+installations+under+al-Shifa+hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F27%2Fhamas-rejects-israeli-claim-over-installations-under-al-shifa-hospital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/customary-ihl/v2/rule28">"Practice relating to Rule 28. Medical Units I. Treaties"</a>. International Order of the Red Cross. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231104135422/https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/customary-ihl/v2/rule28">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Order+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.atitle=Practice+relating+to+Rule+28.+Medical+Units+I.+Treaties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fihl-databases.icrc.org%2Fen%2Fcustomary-ihl%2Fv2%2Frule28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/07/gaza-israeli-ambulance-strike-apparently-unlawful">"Gaza: Israeli Ambulance Strike Apparently Unlawful"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 7 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115152357/https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/07/gaza-israeli-ambulance-strike-apparently-unlawful">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+Israeli+Ambulance+Strike+Apparently+Unlawful&rft.date=2023-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2F07%2Fgaza-israeli-ambulance-strike-apparently-unlawful&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/nov/10/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-benjamin-netanyahu-gaza-fighting-pauses-un-palestine?CMP=share_btn_tw&page=with%3Ablock-654e637a8f08a95ef07ec2be#block-654e637a8f08a95ef07ec2be">"One person killed, many children wounded after Israeli snipers target al-Quds hospital, according to Palestinian Red Crescent"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116152921/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/nov/10/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-benjamin-netanyahu-gaza-fighting-pauses-un-palestine?CMP=share_btn_tw&page=with%3Ablock-654e637a8f08a95ef07ec2be#block-654e637a8f08a95ef07ec2be">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=One+person+killed%2C+many+children+wounded+after+Israeli+snipers+target+al-Quds+hospital%2C+according+to+Palestinian+Red+Crescent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Flive%2F2023%2Fnov%2F10%2Fisrael-hamas-war-live-updates-benjamin-netanyahu-gaza-fighting-pauses-un-palestine%3FCMP%3Dshare_btn_tw%26page%3Dwith%253Ablock-654e637a8f08a95ef07ec2be%23block-654e637a8f08a95ef07ec2be&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbsnews.net/hamas-israel-war/who-loses-contact-gazas-al-shifa-hospital-737686">"WHO loses contact with Gaza's al-Shifa Hospital"</a>. Business Standard. 12 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112080718/https://www.tbsnews.net/hamas-israel-war/who-loses-contact-gazas-al-shifa-hospital-737686">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard&rft.atitle=WHO+loses+contact+with+Gaza%27s+al-Shifa+Hospital&rft.date=2023-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbsnews.net%2Fhamas-israel-war%2Fwho-loses-contact-gazas-al-shifa-hospital-737686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/jmh2l8?update=2478828">"'Distressing' information coming from al-Shifa Hospital: ICRC"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324115330/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/11/israel-hamas-war-live-pleas-for-help-as-israel-bombards-gaza-hospitals?update=2478828">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27Distressing%27+information+coming+from+al-Shifa+Hospital%3A+ICRC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fjmh2l8%3Fupdate%3D2478828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoranGodfrey" class="citation web cs1">Moran, Mark; Godfrey, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2023/11/14/Israel-claims-evidence-of-Hamas-headquarters-in-Gaza-childrens-hospital/9471699948488/">"HRW: Israeli attacks on Gaza hospitals should be investigated as war crimes"</a>. UPI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114081653/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2023/11/14/Israel-claims-evidence-of-Hamas-headquarters-in-Gaza-childrens-hospital/9471699948488/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=HRW%3A+Israeli+attacks+on+Gaza+hospitals+should+be+investigated+as+war+crimes&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FWorld-News%2F2023%2F11%2F14%2FIsrael-claims-evidence-of-Hamas-headquarters-in-Gaza-childrens-hospital%2F9471699948488%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/rpfpqc?update=2489446">"Israel's hospital raid 'a war crime plain and simple'"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324115621/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/15/israel-hamas-war-live-israel-says-it-plans-to-raid-al-shifa-ministry?update=2489446">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+hospital+raid+%27a+war+crime+plain+and+simple%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Frpfpqc%3Fupdate%3D2489446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-774171">"Indonesia condemns Israeli 'attack' on Gaza hospital"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 20 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120142351/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-774171">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Indonesia+condemns+Israeli+%27attack%27+on+Gaza+hospital&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-774171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2023" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Nick (2 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/international/4338868-msf-attack-convoy-deliberate-demanding-investigation/#:~:text=On%20Nov.%2018%2C%20a%20convoy,the%20clinic%2C%20the%20organization%20said.">"Doctors Without Borders: Attack on organization's convoy 'deliberate,' calling for investigation"</a>. The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203012656/https://thehill.com/policy/international/4338868-msf-attack-convoy-deliberate-demanding-investigation/#:~:text=On%20Nov.%2018%2C%20a%20convoy,the%20clinic%2C%20the%20organization%20said.">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Doctors+Without+Borders%3A+Attack+on+organization%27s+convoy+%27deliberate%2C%27+calling+for+investigation&rft.date=2023-12-02&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Finternational%2F4338868-msf-attack-convoy-deliberate-demanding-investigation%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DOn%2520Nov.%252018%252C%2520a%2520convoy%2Cthe%2520clinic%252C%2520the%2520organization%2520said.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msf.org/msf-convoy-attacked-gaza-all-elements-point-israeli-army-responsibility">"MSF convoy attacked in Gaza: all elements point to Israeli army responsibility"</a>. Doctors Without Borders. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231202223835/https://www.msf.org/msf-convoy-attacked-gaza-all-elements-point-israeli-army-responsibility">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Doctors+Without+Borders&rft.atitle=MSF+convoy+attacked+in+Gaza%3A+all+elements+point+to+Israeli+army+responsibility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msf.org%2Fmsf-convoy-attacked-gaza-all-elements-point-israeli-army-responsibility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/6039/Urgent-int%E2%80%99l-investigation-needed-to-probe-Israeli-war-crimes-after-Palestinian-civilians-buried-alive-at-Gaza%E2%80%99s-Kamal-Adwan-Hospital">"Urgent int'l investigation needed to probe Israeli war crimes after Palestinian civilians buried alive at Gaza's Kamal Adwan Hospital"</a>. Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216224752/https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/6039/Urgent-int%E2%80%99l-investigation-needed-to-probe-Israeli-war-crimes-after-Palestinian-civilians-buried-alive-at-Gaza%E2%80%99s-Kamal-Adwan-Hospital">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euro-Med+Human+Rights+Monitor&rft.atitle=Urgent+int%27l+investigation+needed+to+probe+Israeli+war+crimes+after+Palestinian+civilians+buried+alive+at+Gaza%27s+Kamal+Adwan+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuromedmonitor.org%2Fen%2Farticle%2F6039%2FUrgent-int%25E2%2580%2599l-investigation-needed-to-probe-Israeli-war-crimes-after-Palestinian-civilians-buried-alive-at-Gaza%25E2%2580%2599s-Kamal-Adwan-Hospital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbakh" class="citation web cs1">Barbakh, Arafat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordan-says-southern-gaza-hospital-badly-damaged-by-israeli-shelling-nearby-2024-01-17/#:~:text=The%20Jordanian%20army%20said%20it,cell%22%20next%20to%20the%20hospital.">"Israel presses southern Gaza assault, Jordan decries damage to hospital"</a>. 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NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240120025517/https://www.npr.org/2024/01/19/1225623652/jordan-field-hospital-gaza-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Jordan+accuses+Israel+of+deliberately+targeting+its+Gaza+field+hospital&rft.aulast=Arraf&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F01%2F19%2F1225623652%2Fjordan-field-hospital-gaza-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChao-FongSedghiBelamAhmad2024" class="citation news cs1">Chao-Fong, Léonie; Sedghi, Amy; Belam, Martin; Ahmad, Reged (24 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/jan/24/middle-east-crisis-live-updates-us-military-strikes-houthi-rebels-yemen-red-sea-israel-gaza-war-hamas-hostages?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-65b11bf28f0898882cc4fbfe#block-65b11bf28f0898882cc4fbfe">"Israel continues to target health institutions in Gaza, says WHO regional director"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125000009/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/jan/24/middle-east-crisis-live-updates-us-military-strikes-houthi-rebels-yemen-red-sea-israel-gaza-war-hamas-hostages?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-65b11bf28f0898882cc4fbfe#block-65b11bf28f0898882cc4fbfe">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israel+continues+to+target+health+institutions+in+Gaza%2C+says+WHO+regional+director&rft.date=2024-01-24&rft.aulast=Chao-Fong&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9onie&rft.au=Sedghi%2C+Amy&rft.au=Belam%2C+Martin&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+Reged&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Flive%2F2024%2Fjan%2F24%2Fmiddle-east-crisis-live-updates-us-military-strikes-houthi-rebels-yemen-red-sea-israel-gaza-war-hamas-hostages%3FfilterKeyEvents%3Dfalse%26page%3Dwith%3Ablock-65b11bf28f0898882cc4fbfe%23block-65b11bf28f0898882cc4fbfe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-facing-a-massacre-in-gaza-msf-laments-limited-ability-to-help">"Facing a 'massacre' in Gaza, MSF laments limited ability to help"</a>. France24. 31 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131205209/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-facing-a-massacre-in-gaza-msf-laments-limited-ability-to-help">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France24&rft.atitle=Facing+a+%27massacre%27+in+Gaza%2C+MSF+laments+limited+ability+to+help&rft.date=2024-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20240131-facing-a-massacre-in-gaza-msf-laments-limited-ability-to-help&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/8/israels-war-on-gaza-live-us-says-space-for-truce-deal-israel-vows-war?update=2691193">"PRCS: Killing of paramedic was 'deliberate'"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208114341/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/8/israels-war-on-gaza-live-us-says-space-for-truce-deal-israel-vows-war?update=2691193">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=PRCS%3A+Killing+of+paramedic+was+%27deliberate%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F8%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-us-says-space-for-truce-deal-israel-vows-war%3Fupdate%3D2691193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-leaders-warn-of-catastrophe-if-rafah-invaded?update=2701166">"Attacking paramedics a 'war crime': Red Crescent"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240211215058/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-leaders-warn-of-catastrophe-if-rafah-invaded?update=2701166">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Attacking+paramedics+a+%27war+crime%27%3A+Red+Crescent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F11%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-leaders-warn-of-catastrophe-if-rafah-invaded%3Fupdate%3D2701166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/palestine-red-crescent-society-renews-its-calls-international-community-ensure-protection-its-personnel-and-facilities-and-provide-safe-humanitarian-space-enar">"The Palestine Red Crescent Society renews its calls to the international community to ensure the protection of its personnel and facilities and to provide a safe humanitarian space"</a>. ReliefWeb. Palestine Red Crescent Society. 12 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324115621/https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/palestine-red-crescent-society-renews-its-calls-international-community-ensure-protection-its-personnel-and-facilities-and-provide-safe-humanitarian-space-enar">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=The+Palestine+Red+Crescent+Society+renews+its+calls+to+the+international+community+to+ensure+the+protection+of+its+personnel+and+facilities+and+to+provide+a+safe+humanitarian+space&rft.date=2024-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Fpalestine-red-crescent-society-renews-its-calls-international-community-ensure-protection-its-personnel-and-facilities-and-provide-safe-humanitarian-space-enar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbualoufWright2024" class="citation news cs1">Abualouf, Rushdi; Wright, George (31 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68704280">"Journalists injured in al-Aqsa hospital air strike"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Turkey+%27threatens%27+Israel+with+legal+action+after+army+uses+Gaza+hospital+as+base&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Fturkey-threatens-israel-after-army-uses-gaza-hospital-base&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/10/un-commission-finds-war-crimes-and-crimes-against-humanity-israeli-attacks">"UN Commission finds war crimes and crimes against humanity in Israeli attacks on Gaza health facilities and treatment of detainees, hostages"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>. 10 October 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241012003905/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/10/un-commission-finds-war-crimes-and-crimes-against-humanity-israeli-attacks">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Commission+finds+war+crimes+and+crimes+against+humanity+in+Israeli+attacks+on+Gaza+health+facilities+and+treatment+of+detainees%2C+hostages&rft.date=2024-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2F10%2Fun-commission-finds-war-crimes-and-crimes-against-humanity-israeli-attacks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/un-inquiry-accuses-israel-of-deliberately-hitting-gaza-health-facilities">"UN inquiry accuses Israel of crime of 'extermination' in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a>. 10 October 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241011095557/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/un-inquiry-accuses-israel-of-deliberately-hitting-gaza-health-facilities">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=UN+inquiry+accuses+Israel+of+crime+of+%27extermination%27+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F10%2F10%2Fun-inquiry-accuses-israel-of-deliberately-hitting-gaza-health-facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedyDarwish2024" class="citation web cs1">Kennedy, Niamh; Darwish, Muhammad (11 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/11/middleeast/un-israel-war-crimes-gaza-health-system-intl/index.html">"UN inquiry accuses Israel of 'crime of extermination' through deliberate destruction of Gaza's health care system"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241012174219/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/11/middleeast/un-israel-war-crimes-gaza-health-system-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=UN+inquiry+accuses+Israel+of+%27crime+of+extermination%27+through+deliberate+destruction+of+Gaza%27s+health+care+system&rft.date=2024-10-11&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Niamh&rft.au=Darwish%2C+Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F10%2F11%2Fmiddleeast%2Fun-israel-war-crimes-gaza-health-system-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoulkes2024" class="citation web cs1">Foulkes, Imogen (10 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2lnw2gvllxo">"UN accuses Israel of war crimes over attacks on Gaza hospitals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241011105921/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2lnw2gvllxo">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=UN+accuses+Israel+of+war+crimes+over+attacks+on+Gaza+hospitals&rft.date=2024-10-10&rft.aulast=Foulkes&rft.aufirst=Imogen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc2lnw2gvllxo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarge2024" class="citation web cs1">Farge, Emma (10 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-inquiry-accuses-israel-crime-extermination-destruction-gaza-health-system-2024-10-10/">"UN inquiry accuses Israel of seeking to destroy Gaza healthcare system"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241010193354/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-inquiry-accuses-israel-crime-extermination-destruction-gaza-health-system-2024-10-10/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=UN+inquiry+accuses+Israel+of+seeking+to+destroy+Gaza+healthcare+system&rft.date=2024-10-10&rft.aulast=Farge&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fun-inquiry-accuses-israel-crime-extermination-destruction-gaza-health-system-2024-10-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/audio/2024/10/1156281">"Israel has 'concerted policy to destroy Gaza healthcare system': Independent UN report"</a>. UN News. Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Israel+has+%27concerted+policy+to+destroy+Gaza+healthcare+system%27%3A+Independent+UN+report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Faudio%2F2024%2F10%2F1156281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNHospitalSchoolTunnel-279"><a href="#cite_ref-CNNHospitalSchoolTunnel_279-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2023/11/13/cnn-inside-gaza-hospital-israel-defense-forces-hamas-robertson-pkg-src-vpx.cnn">"Israel shows CNN an underground tunnel between a school and hospital in Gaza | CNN"</a>. 14 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231124095513/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2023/11/13/cnn-inside-gaza-hospital-israel-defense-forces-hamas-robertson-pkg-src-vpx.cnn">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel+shows+CNN+an+underground+tunnel+between+a+school+and+hospital+in+Gaza+%7C+CNN&rft.date=2023-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fworld%2F2023%2F11%2F13%2Fcnn-inside-gaza-hospital-israel-defense-forces-hamas-robertson-pkg-src-vpx.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Israeli_military-280">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Israeli_military_280-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israeli_military_280-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/u0xc67?update=2487009">"Israeli military: Gaza hospitals risk losing protection"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115025853/https://aje.io/u0xc67?update=2487009">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israeli+military%3A+Gaza+hospitals+risk+losing+protection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fu0xc67%3Fupdate%3D2487009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2023" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Karim (10 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/nov/10/law-israel-hamas-international-criminal-court-icc">"We are witnessing a pandemic of inhumanity: to halt the spread, we must cling to the law"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114230514/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/nov/10/law-israel-hamas-international-criminal-court-icc">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=We+are+witnessing+a+pandemic+of+inhumanity%3A+to+halt+the+spread%2C+we+must+cling+to+the+law&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Karim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2023%2Fnov%2F10%2Flaw-israel-hamas-international-criminal-court-icc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hospitals_have_special_protection-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hospitals_have_special_protection_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hospitals_have_special_protection_282-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hospitals_have_special_protection_282-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebre2023" class="citation web cs1">Debre, Isabel (12 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/in-wars-hospitals-have-special-protection-under-international-law-how-does-that-apply-in-gaza#:~:text=International%20humanitarian%20law%20lends%20hospitals,of%20the%20Red%20Cross%20said.">"In wars, hospitals have special protection under international law. How does that apply in Gaza?"</a>. PBS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115025853/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/in-wars-hospitals-have-special-protection-under-international-law-how-does-that-apply-in-gaza#:~:text=International%20humanitarian%20law%20lends%20hospitals,of%20the%20Red%20Cross%20said.">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=In+wars%2C+hospitals+have+special+protection+under+international+law.+How+does+that+apply+in+Gaza%3F&rft.date=2023-11-12&rft.aulast=Debre&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fworld%2Fin-wars-hospitals-have-special-protection-under-international-law-how-does-that-apply-in-gaza%23%3A~%3Atext%3DInternational%2520humanitarian%2520law%2520lends%2520hospitals%2Cof%2520the%2520Red%2520Cross%2520said.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/rpfpqc?update=2487375">"What does the Geneva Convention say about the protection of civilians inside hospitals?"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324115623/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/15/israel-hamas-war-live-israel-says-it-plans-to-raid-al-shifa-ministry?update=2487375">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=What+does+the+Geneva+Convention+say+about+the+protection+of+civilians+inside+hospitals%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Frpfpqc%3Fupdate%3D2487375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/rpfpqc?update=2487320">"Gaza's hospitals under 'sustained, systematic assault': HRW"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324115720/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/15/israel-hamas-war-live-israel-says-it-plans-to-raid-al-shifa-ministry?update=2487320">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Gaza%27s+hospitals+under+%27sustained%2C+systematic+assault%27%3A+HRW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Frpfpqc%3Fupdate%3D2487320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivanChao-FongBanfield-NwachiLivingstone2023" class="citation news cs1">Sullivan, Helen; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Banfield-Nwachi, Mabel; Livingstone, Helen (17 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/nov/16/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-biden-ceasefire-israel-criticises-un-humanitarian-pauses?page=with:block-655641f58f08d1d922ef829e">"Human Rights Watch (HRW) have said images released by Israel showing what it said were weapons found inside Gaza's al-Shifa hospital were not sufficient to justify the hospital's status as protected by the laws of war"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231118095841/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/nov/16/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-biden-ceasefire-israel-criticises-un-humanitarian-pauses?page=with:block-655641f58f08d1d922ef829e">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2023. 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Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rescue.org&rft.atitle=Occupied+Palestinian+Territory%3A+The+IRC+calls+for+protection+of+civilians+and+upholding+of+International+Humanitarian+Law&rft.date=2023-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rescue.org%2Fpress-release%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory-irc-calls-protection-civilians-and-upholding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div>n </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Steff Danielle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/international/4256422-who-condemns-israel-gaza-evacuation-order/">"WHO condemns Israel's Gaza evacuation order as 'death sentence' for sick, injured"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022011035/https://thehill.com/policy/international/4256422-who-condemns-israel-gaza-evacuation-order/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. 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Retrieved 22 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Evacuation+orders+by+Israel+to+hospitals+in+northern+Gaza+are+a+death+sentence+for+the+sick+and+injured&rft.date=2023-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-who-int.translate.goog%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F14-10-2023-evacuation-orders-by-israel-to-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-are-a-death-sentence-for-the-sick-and-injured%3F_x_tr_sl%3Dfa%26_x_tr_tl%3Den%26_x_tr_hl%3Den%26_x_tr_pto%3Dwapp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTétrault-Farber2023" class="citation news cs1">Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (17 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/attack-gaza-hospital-unprecedented-scale-who-says-2023-10-17/">"Attack on Gaza hospital 'unprecedented' in scale, WHO says"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Almost+40%25+of+buildings+within+planned+Gaza+buffer+zone+said+demolished&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Falmost-40-of-buildings-within-planned-gaza-buffer-zone-said-demolished%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShotter" class="citation web cs1">Shotter, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/0694ab13-a291-4b4a-81c2-53ec91ae1cad">"Israel demolishes buildings to create buffer zone within Gaza"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126042136/https://www.ft.com/content/0694ab13-a291-4b4a-81c2-53ec91ae1cad">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+demolishes+buildings+to+create+buffer+zone+within+Gaza&rft.aulast=Shotter&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F0694ab13-a291-4b4a-81c2-53ec91ae1cad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-153-enarhe">"Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #153"</a>. ReliefWeb. UNOCHA. 15 April 2024. 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The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125060625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/01/24/israel-buffer-zone-gaza-war/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=What+to+know+about+Israel%27s+controversial+%27buffer+zone%27+in+Gaza&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2F01%2F24%2Fisrael-buffer-zone-gaza-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieber" class="citation news cs1">Lieber, Dov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-border-gaza-buffer-zone-4131020d">"Israel Builds Buffer Zone Along Gaza Border, Risking New Rift With U.S."</a> WSJ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125211342/https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-border-gaza-buffer-zone-4131020d">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2024. 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Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126042136/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/25/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-kills-9-in-un-shelter-sparking-outrage?update=2648250">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Gaza+landgrab+%27unjustified%2C+by+any+view%2C+under+international+law%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F1%2F25%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-kills-9-in-un-shelter-sparking-outrage%3Fupdate%3D2648250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/02/1146352">"Gaza 'buffer zone' possible war crime: UN human rights chief"</a>. UN News. United Nations. 8 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208164744/https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/02/1146352">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2024. 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The Times of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240223041151/https://www.timesofisrael.com/idfs-top-lawyer-warns-against-unacceptable-cases-of-conduct-by-troops-in-gaza/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=IDF%27s+top+lawyer+warns+against+%27cases+of+unacceptable+conduct%27+by+troops+in+Gaza&rft.aulast=Fabian&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fidfs-top-lawyer-warns-against-unacceptable-cases-of-conduct-by-troops-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/21/israels-war-on-gaza-live-us-ceasefire-veto-a-new-low-as-hunger-spreads?update=2721700">"US Muslim group condemns Israeli soldiers looting Gaza"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240223023611/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/21/israels-war-on-gaza-live-us-ceasefire-veto-a-new-low-as-hunger-spreads?update=2721700">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=US+Muslim+group+condemns+Israeli+soldiers+looting+Gaza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F21%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-us-ceasefire-veto-a-new-low-as-hunger-spreads%3Fupdate%3D2721700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICRC-336"><a href="#cite_ref-ICRC_336-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule52">Rule 52. Pillage is prohibited.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308140301/https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule52//">Archived</a> 8 March 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Customary IHL Database, <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (ICRC)/<a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907#Hague_Convention_of_1899" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Convention on the Law and Customs of War on Land</a> (Hague II), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/hague02.asp">article 28</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230804035218/https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/hague02.asp">Archived</a> 4 August 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-gen-338"><a href="#cite_ref-gen_338-0">^</a> E. 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Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+of+Europe&rft.atitle=Statement+by+the+Partner+Organisations+to+the+Safety+of+Journalists+Platform+on+the+one-year+anniversary+of+Russia%27s+invasion+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffom.coe.int%2Fen%2Fpagesspeciales%2Fdetail%2F72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_RSF-344"><a href="#cite_ref-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_RSF_344-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/rsf-video-investigation-death-reuters-reporter-issam-abdallah-lebanon-journalists-vehicle-was">"RSF video investigation into the death of Reuters reporter Issam Abdallah in Lebanon: the journalists' vehicle was explicitly targeted"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a>. 29 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231125110748/https://rsf.org/en/rsf-video-investigation-death-reuters-reporter-issam-abdallah-lebanon-journalists-vehicle-was">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reporters+Without+Borders&rft.atitle=RSF+video+investigation+into+the+death+of+Reuters+reporter+Issam+Abdallah+in+Lebanon%3A+the+journalists%27+vehicle+was+explicitly+targeted&rft.date=2023-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Frsf-video-investigation-death-reuters-reporter-issam-abdallah-lebanon-journalists-vehicle-was&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeill2023" class="citation web cs1">McNeill, Zane (10 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://truthout.org/articles/palestinian-journalists-targeted-killed-amid-israels-onslaught-on-gaza/">"Palestinian Journalists Targeted, Killed Amid Israel's Onslaught on Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Truthout" title="Truthout">Truthout</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231013205721/https://truthout.org/articles/palestinian-journalists-targeted-killed-amid-israels-onslaught-on-gaza/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Truthout&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Journalists+Targeted%2C+Killed+Amid+Israel%27s+Onslaught+on+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft.aulast=McNeill&rft.aufirst=Zane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftruthout.org%2Farticles%2Fpalestinian-journalists-targeted-killed-amid-israels-onslaught-on-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/13/israeli-strike-in-southern-lebanon-kills-journalist-wounds-several">"Israeli attack in southern Lebanon kills journalist, wounds several others"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israeli+attack+in+southern+Lebanon+kills+journalist%2C+wounds+several+others&rft.date=2023-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F13%2Fisraeli-strike-in-southern-lebanon-kills-journalist-wounds-several&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSallon2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sallon, Hélène (29 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2023/10/29/guerre-israel-hamas-selon-rsf-les-journalistes-victimes-de-frappes-au-liban-etaient-cibles_6197222_3210.html">"Guerre Israël-Hamas: selon RSF, les journalistes victimes de frappes au Liban étaient ciblés"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231030001544/https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2023/10/29/guerre-israel-hamas-selon-rsf-les-journalistes-victimes-de-frappes-au-liban-etaient-cibles_6197222_3210.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2023. 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Al Jazeera. 2 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240217064753/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/2/israel-hamas-war-live-195-killed-120-missing-in-jabalia-strikes?update=2458373">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Amnesty+International+says+Israel+used+white+phosphorus+in+Gaza%2C+Lebanon&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fk8y4b6%3Fupdate%3D2458373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_ChristouAlex_HortonMeg_Kelly2023" class="citation news cs1">William Christou; Alex Horton; Meg Kelly (11 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2023/12/11/israel-us-white-phosphorus-lebanon/">"Israel used U.S.-supplied white phosphorus in Lebanon attack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240210110114/https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2023/12/11/israel-us-white-phosphorus-lebanon/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2024. 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L'Orient Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231130144706/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1356622/israels-phosphorous-bombs-destroyed-over-45-million-sq-m-of-forest-in-southern-lebanon.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+phosphorous+bombs+destroyed+over+4.5+million+sq+m+of+forest+in+southern+Lebanon&rft.date=2023-11-08&rft.aulast=Baaklini&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1356622%2Fisraels-phosphorous-bombs-destroyed-over-45-million-sq-m-of-forest-in-southern-lebanon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_wildfires-in-northern-israel-ignited-by-hezbollah-rockets-355"><a href="#cite_ref-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_wildfires-in-northern-israel-ignited-by-hezbollah-rockets_355-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/news/over-2500-acres-burnt-north-israel-hezbollah-rockets">Wildfires in northern Israel ignited by Hezbollah rockets, burns over 2,500 acres</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_Arab" title="The New Arab">The New Arab</a> (4 June 2024) </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-prosecutor-international-criminal-court-fatou-bensouda-following-transfer-first">"Statement of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Fatou Bensouda, following the transfer of the first suspect in the Mali investigation: "Intentional attacks against historic monuments and buildings dedicated to religion are grave crimes""</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>. 26 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231228210045/https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-prosecutor-international-criminal-court-fatou-bensouda-following-transfer-first">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Criminal+Court&rft.atitle=Statement+of+the+Prosecutor+of+the+International+Criminal+Court%2C+Fatou+Bensouda%2C+following+the+transfer+of+the+first+suspect+in+the+Mali+investigation%3A+%22Intentional+attacks+against+historic+monuments+and+buildings+dedicated+to+religion+are+grave+crimes%22&rft.date=2015-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fnews%2Fstatement-prosecutor-international-criminal-court-fatou-bensouda-following-transfer-first&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wionews.com/world/over-160-rescuers-killed-in-year-long-israel-hezbollah-clashes-lebanons-health-minister-reports-770664">"Over 160 rescuers killed in year-long Israel-Hezbollah clashes, Lebanon's health minister reports"</a>. 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Arab News. 11 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231217095918/http://arab.news/55y9j">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2023. 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Retrieved 13 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.atitle=Two+members+of+Hezbollah-affiliated+rescue+force+in+Lebanon+killed+in+Israeli+strike&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2024%2F01%2F11%2FTwo-members-of-Hezbollah-affiliated-rescue-force-in-Lebanon-killed-in-Israeli-strike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lebanon24.com/news/lebanon/1171397/%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8C-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A-3-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%84%D9%80%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B1">"نعيٌ رسمي.. 3 شهداء لـالهيئة الصحية إثر غارة العديسة و الصحة تستنكر"</a> [Official obituary.. 3 martyrs of the "Health Authority" following the Al-Adaysah raid, and the "Health Authority" condemns]. 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Retrieved 27 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+launches+rocket+barrage+after+Israeli+strikes+on+Lebanon+kill+7&rft.date=2024-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F3%2F27%2Fhezbollah-launches-rocket-barrage-after-israeli-strikes-on-lebanon-kill-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_AP-News-2024-367"><a href="#cite_ref-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)_AP-News-2024_367-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-hebbariye-seven-paramedics-aljamaa-alislamiya-2761273e0942d6dda1577f284efd190d">"Israeli strikes in Lebanon kill 16, militant rockets kill 1 Israeli as cross-border violence soars"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Israel+accused+of+using+controversial+white+phosphorus+shells+in+Gaza+amid+war+with+Hamas&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=Emmett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fisrael-hamas-war-white-phosphorous-gaza-palestinians-amnesty-hrw-reports%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-403"><a href="#cite_ref-403">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/human-rights-watch-says-israel-used-white-phosphorous-gaza-lebanon-2023-10-12/">"Human Rights Watch says Israel used white phosphorus in Gaza, Lebanon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 13 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231013003409/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/human-rights-watch-says-israel-used-white-phosphorous-gaza-lebanon-2023-10-12/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Human+Rights+Watch+says+Israel+used+white+phosphorus+in+Gaza%2C+Lebanon&rft.date=2023-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fhuman-rights-watch-says-israel-used-white-phosphorous-gaza-lebanon-2023-10-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/12/israel-white-phosphorus-used-gaza-lebanon">"Israel: White Phosphorus Used in Gaza, Lebanon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 12 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012235517/https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/12/israel-white-phosphorus-used-gaza-lebanon">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Israel%3A+White+Phosphorus+Used+in+Gaza%2C+Lebanon&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F12%2Fisrael-white-phosphorus-used-gaza-lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly" class="citation news cs1">Kelly, Meg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/12/white-phosphorus-israel-gaza-strike-video/">"Israel appears to use white phosphorus in Gaza, video shows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231013003118/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/12/white-phosphorus-israel-gaza-strike-video/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2023. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israel-Hamas+War%3A+Update+from+Euan+Ward&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.au=null&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flive%2F2023%2F10%2F31%2Fworld%2Fisrael-hamas-war-gaza-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/lebanon-evidence-of-israels-unlawful-use-of-white-phosphorus-in-southern-lebanon-as-cross-border-hostilities-escalate/">"Evidence of Israel's unlawful use of white phosphorus in southern Lebanon as cross-border hostilities escalate"</a>. Amnesty International. 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+Israel%27s+unlawful+use+of+white+phosphorus+in+southern+Lebanon+as+cross-border+hostilities+escalate&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2Flebanon-evidence-of-israels-unlawful-use-of-white-phosphorus-in-southern-lebanon-as-cross-border-hostilities-escalate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/k8y4b6?update=2458373">"Amnesty International says Israel used white phosphorus in Gaza, Lebanon"</a>. Al Jazeera. 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The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Israel+used+U.S.-supplied+white+phosphorus+in+Lebanon+attack&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft.aulast=Christou&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Finvestigations%2F2023%2F12%2F11%2Fisrael-us-white-phosphorus-lebanon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/06/05/lebanon-israels-white-phosphorous-use-risks-civilian-harm">"Lebanon: Israel's White Phosphorous Use Risks Civilian Harm"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 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Retrieved 22 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Observers&rft.atitle=Israeli+army+tweets+video+that+appears+to+show+soldiers+shooting+Palestinians+who+surrendered&rft.date=2023-10-13&rft.aulast=Naffakh&rft.aufirst=Mahmoud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobservers.france24.com%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F20231013-israeli-army-tweets-video-that-appears-to-show-soldiers-shooting-palestinians-who-surrendered&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-414"><a href="#cite_ref-414">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/AJEnglish/status/1712907775301365989">"X post by Al Jazeera English"</a>. X. Al Jazeera English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022172824/https://twitter.com/AJEnglish/status/1712907775301365989">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X&rft.atitle=X+post+by+Al+Jazeera+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FAJEnglish%2Fstatus%2F1712907775301365989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGadzoRasheedRowlandsRegencia2023" class="citation web cs1">Gadzo, Mersiha; Rasheed, Zaheena; Rowlands, Lyndal; Regencia, Ted; Mohamed, Hamza; Pietromarchi, Virginia (10 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/10/10/israel-hamas-war-live-us-redoubles-israel-support-as-bombs-rain-on-gaza">"Israel-Hamas war updates: Hamas claims release of woman and children"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022225033/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/10/10/israel-hamas-war-live-us-redoubles-israel-support-as-bombs-rain-on-gaza">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel-Hamas+war+updates%3A+Hamas+claims+release+of+woman+and+children&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft.aulast=Gadzo&rft.aufirst=Mersiha&rft.au=Rasheed%2C+Zaheena&rft.au=Rowlands%2C+Lyndal&rft.au=Regencia%2C+Ted&rft.au=Mohamed%2C+Hamza&rft.au=Pietromarchi%2C+Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F10%2F10%2Fisrael-hamas-war-live-us-redoubles-israel-support-as-bombs-rain-on-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuroMedHR2023" class="citation web cs1">@EuroMedHR (October 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/EuroMedHR/status/1711987472358347201">"The crime scene has then been doctored & assault rifles appear to have been added to the bodies. These individuals may have been civilians who crossed the fence after its collapse. Their killing as they surrendered is an act of extrajudicial execution that constitutes a war crime"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+crime+scene+has+then+been+doctored+%26+assault+rifles+appear+to+have+been+added+to+the+bodies.+These+individuals+may+have+been+civilians+who+crossed+the+fence+after+its+collapse.+Their+killing+as+they+surrendered+is+an+act+of+extrajudicial+execution+that+constitutes+a+war+crime&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft.au=EuroMedHR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FEuroMedHR%2Fstatus%2F1711987472358347201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankel2023" class="citation web cs1">Frankel, Julia (15 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-west-bank-gaza-war-east-jerusalem-shooting-army-23338c903c08bdd3e5fade3e2a048ab1">"Israeli military opens probe after videos show Israeli forces killing 2 Palestinians at close range"</a>. 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Haaretz. Retrieved 8 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haaretz.com&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Released+From+Israeli+Prison+Describes+Beatings%2C+Sexual+Abuse+and+Torture&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft.au=Levac%2C+Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Ftwilight-zone%2F2024-04-28%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.premium%2Fpalestinian-released-from-israeli-prison-describes-beatings-sexual-abuse-and-torture%2F0000018f-15e9-d2e1-a7df-15efb6590000%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-491"><a href="#cite_ref-491">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/24/israels-war-on-gaza-live-19-killed-as-israel-again-fires-on-aid-seekers?update=2795432">"UN special rapporteurs decry underreporting of sexual violence against Palestinians"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=UN+special+rapporteurs+decry+underreporting+of+sexual+violence+against+Palestinians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F24%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-19-killed-as-israel-again-fires-on-aid-seekers%3Fupdate%3D2795432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ohchr-492">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_ohchr_492-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_ohchr_492-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231224050530/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/gaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against">"Gaza: UN experts call on international community to prevent genocide against the Palestinian people"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a>. 16 November 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/gaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against">the original</a> on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023. <q>Grave violations committed by Israel against Palestinians in the aftermath of 7 October, particularly in Gaza, point to a genocide in the making, UN experts said today. They illustrated evidence of increasing genocidal incitement, overt intent to "destroy the Palestinian people under occupation", loud calls for a 'second Nakba' in Gaza and the rest of the occupied Palestinian territory, and the use of powerful weaponry with inherently indiscriminate impacts, resulting in a colossal death toll and destruction of life-sustaining infrastructure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OHCHR&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+UN+experts+call+on+international+community+to+prevent+genocide+against+the+Palestinian+people&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F11%2Fgaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-493"><a href="#cite_ref-493">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurga2023">Burga 2023</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCorder2024">Corder 2024</a>; <a href="#CITEREFQuigley2024">Quigley 2024</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Albanese_anatomy_of_a_genocide-494"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Albanese_anatomy_of_a_genocide_494-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancesca_Albanese2024" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Albanese" title="Francesca Albanese">Francesca Albanese</a> (26 March 2024), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session55/advance-versions/a-hrc-55-73-auv.pdf">Anatomy of a Genocide – Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Francesca Albanese</a> (PDF), <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125152282" class="extiw" title="d:Q125152282">Q125152282</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240325191441/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session55/advance-versions/a-hrc-55-73-auv.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+a+Genocide+%E2%80%93+Report+of+the+Special+Rapporteur+on+the+situation+of+human+rights+in+the+Palestinian+territories+occupied+since+1967%2C+Francesca+Albanese&rft.pub=Office+of+the+United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Human+Rights&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft.au=Francesca+Albanese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fhrbodies%2Fhrcouncil%2Fsessions-regular%2Fsession55%2Fadvance-versions%2Fa-hrc-55-73-auv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-495"><a href="#cite_ref-495">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurga2023">Burga 2023</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSoni2023">Soni 2023</a>, p. 81 </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_StateCrime-496"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_StateCrime_496-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statecrime.org/international-expert-statement-on-israeli-state-crime">"International Expert Statement on Israeli State Crime"</a>. statecrime.org. <a href="/wiki/International_State_Crime_Initiative" title="International State Crime Initiative">International State Crime Initiative</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106140101/http://statecrime.org/international-expert-statement-on-israeli-state-crime">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2024. 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Retrieved 29 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gloom+about+the+%27day+after%27+the+Gaza+war+pervasive+among+Mideast+scholars&rft.pub=Brookings&rft.date=2024-06-20&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.au=Telhami%2C+Shibley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Farticles%2Fgloom-about-the-day-after-the-gaza-war-pervasive-among-mideast-scholars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-498"><a href="#cite_ref-498">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240710130330/https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-opt-statement-killing-and-arbitrary-detention-health-workers-gaza">"UN Human Rights Office - OPT: Statement on the killing and arbitrary detention of health workers in Gaza - occupied Palestinian territory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ReliefWeb" title="ReliefWeb">ReliefWeb</a>. 25 June 2024. 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Retrieved 10 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=UN+Human+Rights+Office+-+OPT%3A+Statement+on+the+killing+and+arbitrary+detention+of+health+workers+in+Gaza+-+occupied+Palestinian+territory&rft.date=2024-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Fun-human-rights-office-opt-statement-killing-and-arbitrary-detention-health-workers-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_unocha2808-499"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_unocha2808_499-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240904132506/https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-28-august-2024-1500">"Reported impact snapshot | Gaza Strip, 28 August 2024 at 15:00"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCHA" class="mw-redirect" title="OCHA">OCHA</a>. 28 August 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-28-august-2024-1500">the original</a> on 4 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OCHA&rft.atitle=Reported+impact+snapshot+%26%23124%3B+Gaza+Strip%2C+28+August+2024+at+15%3A00&rft.date=2024-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unocha.org%2Fpublications%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Freported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-28-august-2024-1500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-500"><a href="#cite_ref-500">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeumanBabaWood2024" class="citation news cs1">Neuman, Scott; Baba, Anas; Wood, Daniel (1 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240822170339/https://www.npr.org/2024/06/01/g-s1-1780/gaza-israel-infrastructure-water-schools-hospitals">"In Gaza, months of war have left Palestinians with barely the necessities to survive"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/06/01/g-s1-1780/gaza-israel-infrastructure-water-schools-hospitals">the original</a> on 22 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=In+Gaza%2C+months+of+war+have+left+Palestinians+with+barely+the+necessities+to+survive&rft.date=2024-06-01&rft.aulast=Neuman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.au=Baba%2C+Anas&rft.au=Wood%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F06%2F01%2Fg-s1-1780%2Fgaza-israel-infrastructure-water-schools-hospitals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-501"><a href="#cite_ref-501">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_Chamaa2023" class="citation news cs1">El Chamaa, Mohamad (1 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231130192807/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/gaza-library-palestinian-culture/">"Gazans mourn loss of their libraries: Cultural beacons and communal spaces"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/gaza-library-palestinian-culture/">the original</a> on 30 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Gazans+mourn+loss+of+their+libraries%3A+Cultural+beacons+and+communal+spaces&rft.date=2023-12-01&rft.aulast=El+Chamaa&rft.aufirst=Mohamad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2F11%2F30%2Fgaza-library-palestinian-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-502"><a href="#cite_ref-502">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoutafa2023" class="citation news cs1">Moutafa, Laila Hussein (12 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240808195337/https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2023-12-12/gaza-library-bombing">"Opinion: When libraries like Gaza's are destroyed, what's lost is far more than books"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2023-12-12/gaza-library-bombing">the original</a> on 8 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+When+libraries+like+Gaza%27s+are+destroyed%2C+what%27s+lost+is+far+more+than+books&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft.aulast=Moutafa&rft.aufirst=Laila+Hussein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fstory%2F2023-12-12%2Fgaza-library-bombing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-503"><a href="#cite_ref-503">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/un-experts-deeply-concerned-over-scholasticide-gaza">"UN experts deeply concerned over 'scholasticide' in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 18 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418145510/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/un-experts-deeply-concerned-over-scholasticide-gaza">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=UN+experts+deeply+concerned+over+%27scholasticide%27+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2F04%2Fun-experts-deeply-concerned-over-scholasticide-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-504"><a href="#cite_ref-504">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStackShbair2024" class="citation news cs1">Stack, Liam; Shbair, Bilal (6 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/06/world/middleeast/gaza-schools-damaged-destroyed.html">"With Schools in Ruins, Education in Gaza Will Be Hobbled for Years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240715234037/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/06/world/middleeast/gaza-schools-damaged-destroyed.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=With+Schools+in+Ruins%2C+Education+in+Gaza+Will+Be+Hobbled+for+Years&rft.date=2024-05-06&rft.aulast=Stack&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft.au=Shbair%2C+Bilal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F05%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fgaza-schools-damaged-destroyed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-505"><a href="#cite_ref-505">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240818091417/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-palestinians-hold-ramadan-prayers-by-ruins-mosque-2024-03-15/">"In Gaza, Palestinians hold Ramadan prayers by ruins of mosque"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 15 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-palestinians-hold-ramadan-prayers-by-ruins-mosque-2024-03-15/">the original</a> on 18 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=In+Gaza%2C+Palestinians+hold+Ramadan+prayers+by+ruins+of+mosque&rft.date=2024-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fgaza-palestinians-hold-ramadan-prayers-by-ruins-mosque-2024-03-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-506"><a href="#cite_ref-506">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKansaraNour2024" class="citation news cs1">Kansara, Reha; Nour, Ahmed (29 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240814180602/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67983018">"Israel-Gaza war: Counting the destruction of religious sites"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67983018">the original</a> on 14 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Israel-Gaza+war%3A+Counting+the+destruction+of+religious+sites&rft.date=2024-01-29&rft.aulast=Kansara&rft.aufirst=Reha&rft.au=Nour%2C+Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-67983018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-507"><a href="#cite_ref-507">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaber2024" class="citation news cs1">Saber, Indlieb Farazi (14 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240813215702/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/14/a-cultural-genocide-which-of-gazas-heritage-sites-have-been-destroyed">"A 'cultural genocide': Which of Gaza's heritage sites have been destroyed?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/14/a-cultural-genocide-which-of-gazas-heritage-sites-have-been-destroyed">the original</a> on 13 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=A+%27cultural+genocide%27%3A+Which+of+Gaza%27s+heritage+sites+have+been+destroyed%3F&rft.date=2024-01-14&rft.aulast=Saber&rft.aufirst=Indlieb+Farazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F1%2F14%2Fa-cultural-genocide-which-of-gazas-heritage-sites-have-been-destroyed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-508"><a href="#cite_ref-508">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schwarz, Franziska (16 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823051453/https://www.fr.de/politik/israel-news-nahost-gaza-krieg-tote-zahl-statistik-hamas-un-voelkerrecht-waffenruhe-geisel-freilassung-zr-93245254.html">""Düsterer Meilenstein": UN benennt Zahl der täglichen Toten im Gazastreifen"</a> ["Gloomy milestone": UN names number of daily deaths in the Gaza Strip]. <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Rundschau" title="Frankfurter Rundschau">Frankfurter Rundschau</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fr.de/politik/israel-news-nahost-gaza-krieg-tote-zahl-statistik-hamas-un-voelkerrecht-waffenruhe-geisel-freilassung-zr-93245254.html">the original</a> on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Rundschau&rft.atitle=%22D%C3%BCsterer+Meilenstein%22%3A+UN+benennt+Zahl+der+t%C3%A4glichen+Toten+im+Gazastreifen&rft.date=2024-08-16&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=Franziska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fr.de%2Fpolitik%2Fisrael-news-nahost-gaza-krieg-tote-zahl-statistik-hamas-un-voelkerrecht-waffenruhe-geisel-freilassung-zr-93245254.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Tantesh_&_Graham-Harrison-509">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Tantesh_&_Graham-Harrison_509-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Tantesh_&_Graham-Harrison_509-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanteshGraham-Harrison2024" class="citation news cs1">Tantesh, Malak A.; Graham-Harrison, Emma (15 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240822170140/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/15/gaza-death-toll-hits-40000-with-thousands-more-yet-to-be-counted">"Gaza rubble likely to conceal untold horrors to swell 40,000 death toll"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/15/gaza-death-toll-hits-40000-with-thousands-more-yet-to-be-counted">the original</a> on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gaza+rubble+likely+to+conceal+untold+horrors+to+swell+40%2C000+death+toll&rft.date=2024-08-15&rft.aulast=Tantesh&rft.aufirst=Malak+A.&rft.au=Graham-Harrison%2C+Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Faug%2F15%2Fgaza-death-toll-hits-40000-with-thousands-more-yet-to-be-counted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Spagat-May-510"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Spagat-May_510-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpagat2024" class="citation web cs1">Spagat, Mike (28 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710190121/https://aoav.org.uk/2024/gaza-ministry-of-health-releases-detailed-new-casualty-amidst-confusion-of-uns-death-numbers-in-gaza/">"Gaza Ministry of Health releases detailed new casualty data amidst confusion of UN's death numbers in Gaza"</a>. Action On Armed Violence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/gaza-ministry-of-health-releases-detailed-new-casualty-amidst-confusion-of-uns-death-numbers-in-gaza/">the original</a> on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Action+On+Armed+Violence&rft.atitle=Gaza+Ministry+of+Health+releases+detailed+new+casualty+data+amidst+confusion+of+UN%27s+death+numbers+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-05-28&rft.aulast=Spagat&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faoav.org.uk%2F2024%2Fgaza-ministry-of-health-releases-detailed-new-casualty-amidst-confusion-of-uns-death-numbers-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-511"><a href="#cite_ref-511">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham-Harrison2024" class="citation news cs1">Graham-Harrison, Emma (25 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227025505/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/25/gaza-death-toll-set-to-pass-30000-as-israel-prepares-assault-on-rafah">"Gaza death toll set to pass 30,000, as Israel prepares assault on Rafah"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/25/gaza-death-toll-set-to-pass-30000-as-israel-prepares-assault-on-rafah">the original</a> on 27 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gaza+death+toll+set+to+pass+30%2C000%2C+as+Israel+prepares+assault+on+Rafah&rft.date=2024-02-25&rft.aulast=Graham-Harrison&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Ffeb%2F25%2Fgaza-death-toll-set-to-pass-30000-as-israel-prepares-assault-on-rafah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-512"><a href="#cite_ref-512">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cpj.org/2024/07/journalist-casualties-in-the-israel-gaza-conflict/">"Journalist casualties in the Israel-Gaza war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Committee_to_Protect_Journalists" title="Committee to Protect Journalists">Committee to Protect Journalists</a>. 22 June 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240709035555/https://cpj.org/2024/07/journalist-casualties-in-the-israel-gaza-conflict/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/journalisten-in-gaza-arbeiten-in-der-todeszone-a-449a6940-b3ad-40ef-ab7a-d746c01ef0eb">the original</a> on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=%28S%2B%29+The+Gaza+Project%3A+Sie+berichten+aus+der+Todeszone+%E2%80%93+viele+kostet+das+ihr+Leben&rft.date=2024-06-25&rft.issn=2195-1349&rft.aulast=Buschek&rft.aufirst=Christo&rft.au=Christoph%2C+Maria&rft.au=Kalisch%2C+Muriel&rft.au=Kollig%2C+Dajana&rft.au=Obermaier%2C+Frederik&rft.au=Retter%2C+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fausland%2Fjournalisten-in-gaza-arbeiten-in-der-todeszone-a-449a6940-b3ad-40ef-ab7a-d746c01ef0eb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-514"><a href="#cite_ref-514">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231222091121/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-war-most-dangerous-ever-journalists-says-rights-group-2023-12-21/">"Gaza war 'most dangerous ever' for journalists, says rights group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 21 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-war-most-dangerous-ever-journalists-says-rights-group-2023-12-21/">the original</a> on 22 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Gaza+war+%27most+dangerous+ever%27+for+journalists%2C+says+rights+group&rft.date=2023-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fgaza-war-most-dangerous-ever-journalists-says-rights-group-2023-12-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-515"><a href="#cite_ref-515">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassoudFick2023" class="citation news cs1">Massoud, Bassam; Fick, Maggie (23 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114213315/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fight-keep-counting-dead-gaza-2023-12-21/">"Gaza death toll: why counting the dead has become a daily struggle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fight-keep-counting-dead-gaza-2023-12-21/">the original</a> on 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Gaza+death+toll%3A+why+counting+the+dead+has+become+a+daily+struggle&rft.date=2023-12-23&rft.aulast=Massoud&rft.aufirst=Bassam&rft.au=Fick%2C+Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Ffight-keep-counting-dead-gaza-2023-12-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29-516">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29_516-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29_516-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29_516-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29_516-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_ICJ-2023-12-29_516-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20231228-app-01-00-en.pdf">Application Instituting Proceedings</a> (PDF), <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_v._Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa v. Israel">Application of Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Crime of Genocide (S. Afr. v. Isr.)</a>, No. 192 (<a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">ICJ</a> 29 December 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105144115/https://www.icj-cij.org/index.php/node/203394">archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Donoghue-517"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Donoghue_517-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonoghue2024">Donoghue 2024</a>, 5:10 ("The court decided that the Palestinians had a plausible right to be protected from genocide, and that South Africa had the right to present that claim in the court."); <a href="#ICJ-order-2024-01-26">Order, S. Afr., No. 192 (ICJ 26 January 2024)</a>, ¶ 54 ("In the Court's view, the facts and circumstances mentioned above are sufficient to conclude that at least some of the rights claimed by South Africa and for which it is seeking protection are plausible. This is the case with respect to the right of the Palestinians in Gaza to be protected from acts of genocide and related prohibited acts identified in Article III, and the right of South Africa to seek Israel's compliance with the latter's obligations under the Convention."). </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_ICJruling-518"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_ICJruling_518-0">^</a> <a href="#ICJ-order-2024-01-26">Order, S. 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Retrieved 27 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Media+Watch&rft.atitle=Ep+38+-+Fog+of+War&rft.date=2023-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fmediawatch%2Fepisodes%2Fwar%2F103011298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-548"><a href="#cite_ref-548">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO’LearyMcGreevy" class="citation news cs1">O’Leary, Naomi; McGreevy, Ronan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2023/10/18/gaza-hospital-explosion-should-be-investigated-as-a-war-crime-higgins-says/">"Gaza hospital explosion should be 'investigated as a war crime' - Michael D Higgins"</a>. The Irish Times. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/gaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against">the original</a> on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023. <q>Grave violations committed by Israel against Palestinians in the aftermath of 7 October, particularly in Gaza, point to a genocide in the making, UN experts said today. They illustrated evidence of increasing genocidal incitement, overt intent to "destroy the Palestinian people under occupation", loud calls for a 'second Nakba' in Gaza and the rest of the occupied Palestinian territory, and the use of powerful weaponry with inherently indiscriminate impacts, resulting in a colossal death toll and destruction of life-sustaining infrastructure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OHCHR&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+UN+experts+call+on+international+community+to+prevent+genocide+against+the+Palestinian+people&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F11%2Fgaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-detainees_from_Gaza-614"><a href="#cite_ref-detainees_from_Gaza_614-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/12/urgently-investigate-inhumane-treatment-and-enforced-disappearance-of-palestinians-detainees-from-gaza/">"Urgently investigate inhumane treatment and enforced disappearance of Palestinians detainees from Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 20 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015304/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/12/urgently-investigate-inhumane-treatment-and-enforced-disappearance-of-palestinians-detainees-from-gaza/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/dec/29/israel-gaza-war-live-updates-hamas-egypt-delegation-ceasefire-cairo">the original</a> on 15 January 2024. 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Retrieved 30 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=South+Africa+accuses+Israel+of+genocide+in+a+U.N.+court.&rft.date=2023-12-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Carl&rft.aufirst=Traci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F12%2F29%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsouth-africa-israel-genocide.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-680"><a href="#cite_ref-680">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mfa.gov.dz/ar/press-and-information/video-news/speech-by-minister-ahmed-attaf-at-the-ministerial-preparatory-meeting-for-the-19th-summit-of-the-nam">"kalimat alwazir 'ahmad eataaf fi alaijtimae alwizarii altahdirii lilqimat altaasieat eashar liharakat eadam alainhiaz" <bdi lang="ar">كلمة الوزير أحمد عطاف في الاجتماع الوزاري التحضيري للقمة التاسعة عشر لحركة عدم الانحياز</bdi></a> [Minister Ahmed Attaf's speech at the ministerial preparatory meeting for the nineteenth Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement] (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240124181306/https://www.mfa.gov.dz/ar/press-and-information/video-news/speech-by-minister-ahmed-attaf-at-the-ministerial-preparatory-meeting-for-the-19th-summit-of-the-nam">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-781214">the original</a> on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Bolivia+to+support+South+Africa%27s+ICJ+genocide+case+against+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-781214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-683"><a href="#cite_ref-683">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108182738/https://en.irna.ir/news/85347422/Bolivia-backs-South-Africa-s-historic-ICJ-action-against-Israeli">"Bolivia backs South Africa's 'historic' ICJ action against Israeli regime"</a>. Islamic Republic News Agency. 8 January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.irna.ir/news/85347422/Bolivia-backs-South-Africa-s-historic-ICJ-action-against-Israeli">the original</a> on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Republic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Bolivia+backs+South+Africa%27s+%27historic%27+ICJ+action+against+Israeli+regime&rft.date=2024-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.irna.ir%2Fnews%2F85347422%2FBolivia-backs-South-Africa-s-historic-ICJ-action-against-Israeli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_CNBC01-684">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_CNBC01_684-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_CNBC01_684-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/11/israel-to-face-gaza-genocide-charges-at-world-court.html">"Israel to face Gaza genocide charges at World Court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. 11 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115071720/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/11/israel-to-face-gaza-genocide-charges-at-world-court.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Israel+to+face+Gaza+genocide+charges+at+World+Court&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2024%2F01%2F11%2Fisrael-to-face-gaza-genocide-charges-at-world-court.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_AlJazeera2609413-685"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_AlJazeera2609413_685-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/10/israels-war-on-gaza-us-laments-gaza-deaths-but-opposes-ceasefire?update=2609413">"Brazil's Lula expresses support for South Africa ICJ submission"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110233255/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/10/israels-war-on-gaza-us-laments-gaza-deaths-but-opposes-ceasefire?update=2609413">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Brazil%27s+Lula+expresses+support+for+South+Africa+ICJ+submission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F1%2F10%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-us-laments-gaza-deaths-but-opposes-ceasefire%3Fupdate%3D2609413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-686"><a href="#cite_ref-686">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6553912/israel-south-africa-icj-genocide/">"What to Know About South Africa's Genocide Case Against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a>. 10 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113110216/https://time.com/6553912/israel-south-africa-icj-genocide/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=What+to+Know+About+South+Africa%27s+Genocide+Case+Against+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6553912%2Fisrael-south-africa-icj-genocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_chileparaguay-687"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_chileparaguay_687-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/israel-palestina_chile-apoya-demanda-de-sud%C3%A1frica-contra-israel-por-genocidio-ante-la-cij/49120184">"Chile apoya demanda de Sudáfrica contra Israel por genocidio ante la CIJ"</a> [Chile supports South Africa's lawsuit against Israel for genocide before the ICJ] (in Spanish). 11 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114222316/https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/israel-palestina_chile-apoya-demanda-de-sud%C3%A1frica-contra-israel-por-genocidio-ante-la-cij/49120184">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chile+apoya+demanda+de+Sud%C3%A1frica+contra+Israel+por+genocidio+ante+la+CIJ&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Fspa%2Fisrael-palestina_chile-apoya-demanda-de-sud%25C3%25A1frica-contra-israel-por-genocidio-ante-la-cij%2F49120184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-688"><a href="#cite_ref-688">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421201200/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/22/china-tells-icj-justice-must-not-be-denied-to-palestinians">"China tells ICJ justice 'must not be denied' to Palestinians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 22 February 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/22/china-tells-icj-justice-must-not-be-denied-to-palestinians">the original</a> on 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=China+tells+ICJ+justice+%27must+not+be+denied%27+to+Palestinians&rft.date=2024-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F2%2F22%2Fchina-tells-icj-justice-must-not-be-denied-to-palestinians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-689"><a href="#cite_ref-689">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418023008/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240110-china-wants-israel-to-end-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-in-gaza/">"China wants Israel to end 'collective punishment' of Palestinians in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. 10 January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240110-china-wants-israel-to-end-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-in-gaza/">the original</a> on 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=China+wants+Israel+to+end+%27collective+punishment%27+of+Palestinians+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20240110-china-wants-israel-to-end-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-690"><a href="#cite_ref-690">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/newsroom/news/comunicado-demanda-presentada-sudafrica-israel-corte-internacional-justicia">"Comunicado sobre la demanda presentada por Sudáfrica contra Israel en la Corte Internacional de Justicia"</a> [Statement on the lawsuit filed by South Africa against Israel at the International Court of Justice]. www.cancilleria.gov.co (in Spanish). 10 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111021625/https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/newsroom/news/comunicado-demanda-presentada-sudafrica-israel-corte-internacional-justicia">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cancilleria.gov.co&rft.atitle=Comunicado+sobre+la+demanda+presentada+por+Sud%C3%A1frica+contra+Israel+en+la+Corte+Internacional+de+Justicia&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancilleria.gov.co%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews%2Fcomunicado-demanda-presentada-sudafrica-israel-corte-internacional-justicia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_djibouticomoros-691">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_djibouticomoros_691-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_djibouticomoros_691-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sharqpress.com/news/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85/">"ma hi alduwal alati tadeam qadiat al'iibadat aljamaeiat alati rafaeatha janub 'afriqia dida 'iisrayiyl fi mahkamat aleadl alduwaliati?" <bdi lang="ar">ما هي الدول التي تدعم قضية الإبادة الجماعية التي رفعتها جنوب أفريقيا ضد إسرائيل في محكمة العدل الدولية؟</bdi></a> [Which countries support South Africa's genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice?] (in Arabic). 9 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115170151/https://sharqpress.com/news/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ma+hi+alduwal+alati+tadeam+qadiat+al%27iibadat+aljamaeiat+alati+rafaeatha+janub+%27afriqia+dida+%27iisrayiyl+fi+mahkamat+aleadl+alduwaliati%3F+%D9%85%D8%A7+%D9%87%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85+%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7+%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8+%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%B6%D8%AF+%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%9F&rft.date=2024-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsharqpress.com%2Fnews%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2587%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585-%25D9%2582%25D8%25B6%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024-692"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024_692-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024">Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-693"><a href="#cite_ref-693">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotamediAdler" class="citation news cs1">Motamedi, Maziar; Adler, Nils. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/28/israels-war-on-gaza-live-aid-cuts-are-collective-punishment-unrwa">"Drone attack kills three US service members at Jordan base near Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240128151001/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/28/israels-war-on-gaza-live-aid-cuts-are-collective-punishment-unrwa">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Drone+attack+kills+three+US+service+members+at+Jordan+base+near+Syria&rft.aulast=Motamedi&rft.aufirst=Maziar&rft.au=Adler%2C+Nils&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F1%2F28%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-aid-cuts-are-collective-punishment-unrwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-694"><a href="#cite_ref-694">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-pounds-gaza-ahead-of-icj-genocide-hearing?update=2612364">"Iraq backs South Africa's case against Israel at ICJ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112001824/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-pounds-gaza-ahead-of-icj-genocide-hearing?update=2612364">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Iraq+backs+South+Africa%27s+case+against+Israel+at+ICJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F1%2F11%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-pounds-gaza-ahead-of-icj-genocide-hearing%3Fupdate%3D2612364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-695"><a href="#cite_ref-695">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/29/israels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-says-army-preparing-to-enter-rafah?update=2806505">"UN rapporteur welcomes Ireland joining South Africa in ICJ case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240405025946/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/29/israels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-says-army-preparing-to-enter-rafah?update=2806505">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=UN+rapporteur+welcomes+Ireland+joining+South+Africa+in+ICJ+case&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F29%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-says-army-preparing-to-enter-rafah%3Fupdate%3D2806505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_The_New_Arab_2024_o195-696"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_The_New_Arab_2024_o195_696-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/news/jordan-backs-south-africa-icj-genocide-file-against-israel">"Jordan backs South Africa ICJ genocide file against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Arab" title="The New Arab">The New Arab</a>. 5 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106101807/https://www.newarab.com/news/jordan-backs-south-africa-icj-genocide-file-against-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Jordan+backs+South+Africa+ICJ+genocide+file+against+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Fjordan-backs-south-africa-icj-genocide-file-against-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-697"><a href="#cite_ref-697">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon/746667/lbci-lebanon-article/ar">"alkharijiat tuelin tayidaha lidaewaa janub 'iifriqia dida 'iisrayiyl 'amam mahkamat aleadl alduwalia" <bdi lang="ar">الخارجية تعلن تأييدها لدعوى جنوب إفريقيا ضد إسرائيل أمام محكمة العدل الدولية</bdi></a> [The Foreign Ministry announces its support for South Africa's lawsuit against Israel before the International Court of Justice] (in Arabic). 11 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114224156/https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon/746667/lbci-lebanon-article/ar">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=alkharijiat+tuelin+tayidaha+lidaewaa+janub+%27iifriqia+dida+%27iisrayiyl+%27amam+mahkamat+aleadl+alduwalia+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%89+%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8+%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%B6%D8%AF+%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84+%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Flebanon%2F746667%2Flbci-lebanon-article%2Far&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-698"><a href="#cite_ref-698">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurasiareview.com/14012024-libya-supports-south-africa-in-case-against-israel-at-international-court-of-justice-oped/">"Libya Supports South Africa In Case Against Israel At International Court Of Justice – OpEd"</a>. 14 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114004633/https://www.eurasiareview.com/14012024-libya-supports-south-africa-in-case-against-israel-at-international-court-of-justice-oped/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Libya+Supports+South+Africa+In+Case+Against+Israel+At+International+Court+Of+Justice+%E2%80%93+OpEd&rft.date=2024-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasiareview.com%2F14012024-libya-supports-south-africa-in-case-against-israel-at-international-court-of-justice-oped%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_CD-699">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_CD_699-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_CD_699-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConley2024a" class="citation news cs1">Conley, Julia (3 January 2024a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103220207/https://www.commondreams.org/news/turkey-malaysia-genocide-icj">"Turkey, Malaysia Back South Africa's ICJ Genocide Case Against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Common_Dreams" title="Common Dreams">Common Dreams</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commondreams.org/news/turkey-malaysia-genocide-icj">the original</a> on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Common+Dreams&rft.atitle=Turkey%2C+Malaysia+Back+South+Africa%27s+ICJ+Genocide+Case+Against+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft.aulast=Conley&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commondreams.org%2Fnews%2Fturkey-malaysia-genocide-icj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-700"><a href="#cite_ref-700">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psmnews.mv/en/131048">"Maldives supports ICJ inquiry into alleged Israeli genocide"</a>. PSM News. 4 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115170103/https://psmnews.mv/en/131048">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PSM+News&rft.atitle=Maldives+supports+ICJ+inquiry+into+alleged+Israeli+genocide&rft.date=2024-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsmnews.mv%2Fen%2F131048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-701"><a href="#cite_ref-701">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStepanskyKestler-D'Amours2024" class="citation news cs1">Stepansky, Joseph; Kestler-D'Amours, Jillian (29 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712125040/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/29/israels-war-on-gaza-live-tent-cities-attacked-as-tanks-roll-into-rafah?update=2932761">"Israel's war on Gaza updates: 'Rafah is on fire' - Mexico seeks to join South Africa's genocide case against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/0o7ovr?update=2932761">the original</a> on 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+war+on+Gaza+updates%3A+%27Rafah+is+on+fire%27+-+Mexico+seeks+to+join+South+Africa%27s+genocide+case+against+Israel&rft.date=2024-05-29&rft.aulast=Stepansky&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Kestler-D%27Amours%2C+Jillian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2F0o7ovr%3Fupdate%3D2932761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShamim2024-702"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShamim2024_702-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShamim2024">Shamim 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-703"><a href="#cite_ref-703">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spsrasd.info/en/2024/01/27/2062.html">"SADR Government Welcomes the ICJ Ruling on South Africa vs. Israel"</a>. Sahara Press Service. 27 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240128003154/https://www.spsrasd.info/en/2024/01/27/2062.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sahara+Press+Service&rft.atitle=SADR+Government+Welcomes+the+ICJ+Ruling+on+South+Africa+vs.+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spsrasd.info%2Fen%2F2024%2F01%2F27%2F2062.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-704"><a href="#cite_ref-704">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guardian.co.tt/news/st-vincent-backs-south-africa-at-icj-against-israel-6.2.1897439.a2fa43732d">"St Vincent backs South Africa at ICJ against Israel"</a>. Trinidad & Tobago Guardian. 12 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114130502/https://www.guardian.co.tt/news/st-vincent-backs-south-africa-at-icj-against-israel-6.2.1897439.a2fa43732d">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trinidad+%26+Tobago+Guardian&rft.atitle=St+Vincent+backs+South+Africa+at+ICJ+against+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.tt%2Fnews%2Fst-vincent-backs-south-africa-at-icj-against-israel-6.2.1897439.a2fa43732d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-705"><a href="#cite_ref-705">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.si/en/news/2024-01-11-minister-fajon-slovenia-one-of-the-few-eu-member-states-in-the-icj-advisory-opinion-proceedings-against-israel/">"Minister Fajon: Slovenia one of the few EU Member States in the ICJ advisory opinion proceedings against Israel | GOV.SI"</a>. Portal GOV.SI. 11 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117190011/https://www.gov.si/en/news/2024-01-11-minister-fajon-slovenia-one-of-the-few-eu-member-states-in-the-icj-advisory-opinion-proceedings-against-israel/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024. <q>Slovenia supports the proceedings regarding the violation of the Genocide Convention, both in the case of Ukraine and Palestine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portal+GOV.SI&rft.atitle=Minister+Fajon%3A+Slovenia+one+of+the+few+EU+Member+States+in+the+ICJ+advisory+opinion+proceedings+against+Israel+%26%23124%3B+GOV.SI&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.si%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2024-01-11-minister-fajon-slovenia-one-of-the-few-eu-member-states-in-the-icj-advisory-opinion-proceedings-against-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-706"><a href="#cite_ref-706">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sloveniatimes.com/40138/slovenia-to-join-un-general-assembly-case-against-israel">"Slovenia to join UN General Assembly case against Israel"</a>. Slovenia Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112101011/https://sloveniatimes.com/40138/slovenia-to-join-un-general-assembly-case-against-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024. <q>Fajon hopes the court will call on Israel at an early stage of procedure to end the military operation because it could take several years for a final decision to be reached on the genocide accusation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slovenia+Times&rft.atitle=Slovenia+to+join+UN+General+Assembly+case+against+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsloveniatimes.com%2F40138%2Fslovenia-to-join-un-general-assembly-case-against-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-707"><a href="#cite_ref-707">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/internacional/espana-suma-procedimiento-israel-iniciado-sudafrica-corte-internacional-justicia_1_11426547.html">"España se suma al procedimiento contra Israel iniciado por Sudáfrica en la Corte Internacional de Justicia"</a> [Spain joins the proceeding against Israel initiated by South Africa at the International Court of Justice] (in Spanish). 6 June 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240606081752/https://www.eldiario.es/internacional/espana-suma-procedimiento-israel-iniciado-sudafrica-corte-internacional-justicia_1_11426547.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Espa%C3%B1a+se+suma+al+procedimiento+contra+Israel+iniciado+por+Sud%C3%A1frica+en+la+Corte+Internacional+de+Justicia&rft.date=2024-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Finternacional%2Fespana-suma-procedimiento-israel-iniciado-sudafrica-corte-internacional-justicia_1_11426547.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-708"><a href="#cite_ref-708">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sana.sy/en/?p=323468">"Syria condemns US-British aggression on Yemen"</a>. 12 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113023012/https://sana.sy/en/?p=323468">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+condemns+US-British+aggression+on+Yemen&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsana.sy%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D323468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-709"><a href="#cite_ref-709">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.herald.co.zw/zanu-pf-hails-sa-suit-against-israeli-genocide/amp/">"Zanu PF hails SA suit against Israeli genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Herald_(Zimbabwe)" title="The Herald (Zimbabwe)">The Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118164942/https://www.herald.co.zw/zanu-pf-hails-sa-suit-against-israeli-genocide/amp/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald&rft.atitle=Zanu+PF+hails+SA+suit+against+Israeli+genocide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.herald.co.zw%2Fzanu-pf-hails-sa-suit-against-israeli-genocide%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-710"><a href="#cite_ref-710">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200022103/zanu-pf-wades-into-gaza-conflict">"Zanu PF wades into Gaza conflict"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118231606/https://www.newsday.co.zw//local-news/article/200022103/zanu-pf-wades-into-gaza-conflict">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zanu+PF+wades+into+Gaza+conflict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.co.zw%2Flocal-news%2Farticle%2F200022103%2Fzanu-pf-wades-into-gaza-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-711"><a href="#cite_ref-711">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240824180009/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1365960/african-union-chief-welcomes-un-court-gaza-ruling-.html">"African Union chief 'welcomes' UN court Gaza ruling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/L%27Orient_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Orient Today">L'Orient Today</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 27 January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1365960/african-union-chief-welcomes-un-court-gaza-ruling-.html">the original</a> on 24 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&rft.atitle=African+Union+chief+%27welcomes%27+UN+court+Gaza+ruling&rft.date=2024-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1365960%2Fafrican-union-chief-welcomes-un-court-gaza-ruling-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-712"><a href="#cite_ref-712">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGadzoOsgood2024" class="citation news cs1">Gadzo, Mersiha; Osgood, Brian (27 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/27/israels-war-on-gaza-live-hospital-blackout-amid-khan-younis-assault?update=2653198">"African Union chief reacts to UN court Gaza ruling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127142818/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/27/israels-war-on-gaza-live-hospital-blackout-amid-khan-younis-assault?update=2653198">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=African+Union+chief+reacts+to+UN+court+Gaza+ruling&rft.date=2024-01-27&rft.aulast=Gadzo&rft.aufirst=Mersiha&rft.au=Osgood%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F1%2F27%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-hospital-blackout-amid-khan-younis-assault%3Fupdate%3D2653198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-713"><a href="#cite_ref-713">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/african-union-chief-welcomes-un-court-gaza-ruling-14707d49">"Gaza Ruling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barron%27s" title="Barron's">Barron's</a>. 27 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208201653/https://www.barrons.com/news/african-union-chief-welcomes-un-court-gaza-ruling-14707d49">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Gaza+Ruling&rft.date=2024-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fafrican-union-chief-welcomes-un-court-gaza-ruling-14707d49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-714"><a href="#cite_ref-714">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/en/news/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?RID=2541">"League of Arab States endorses South Africa's legal action against Israel"</a>. www.leagueofarabstates.net. 10 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111022023/http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/en/news/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?RID=2541">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.leagueofarabstates.net&rft.atitle=League+of+Arab+States+endorses+South+Africa%27s+legal+action+against+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leagueofarabstates.net%2Fen%2Fnews%2FPages%2FNewsDetails.aspx%3FRID%3D2541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Cooperation_2023_p.-715"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Cooperation_2023_p._715-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperation2023" class="citation journal cs1">Cooperation, Organization of Islamic (30 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oic-oci.org/topic/?t_id=40161&t_ref=26840&lan=en#:~:text=The%20Organization%20of%20Islamic%20Cooperation,by%20Israel,%20the%20occupying%20power">"OIC Welcomes South Africa's International Court of Justice Suit against Israel Over Genocide"</a>. The Fifth Islamic Conference of Labour Ministers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106135431/https://www.oic-oci.org/topic/?t_id=40161&t_ref=26840&lan=en#:~:text=The%20Organization%20of%20Islamic%20Cooperation,by%20Israel,%20the%20occupying%20power.">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fifth+Islamic+Conference+of+Labour+Ministers&rft.atitle=OIC+Welcomes+South+Africa%27s+International+Court+of+Justice+Suit+against+Israel+Over+Genocide&rft.date=2023-12-30&rft.aulast=Cooperation&rft.aufirst=Organization+of+Islamic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oic-oci.org%2Ftopic%2F%3Ft_id%3D40161%26t_ref%3D26840%26lan%3Den%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Organization%2520of%2520Islamic%2520Cooperation%2Cby%2520Israel%2C%2520the%2520occupying%2520power&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-716"><a href="#cite_ref-716">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalestine_Chronicle_Staff2024" class="citation news cs1">Palestine Chronicle Staff (5 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240109075331/https://www.palestinechronicle.com/turkiye-malaysia-oic-back-south-africas-case-against-israel-at-icj/">"Türkiye, Malaysia, OIC Back South Africa's Case Against Israel at ICJ"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Palestine_Chronicle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Palestine Chronicle (page does not exist)">The Palestine Chronicle</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palestinechronicle.com/turkiye-malaysia-oic-back-south-africas-case-against-israel-at-icj/">the original</a> on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Palestine+Chronicle&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrkiye%2C+Malaysia%2C+OIC+Back+South+Africa%27s+Case+Against+Israel+at+ICJ&rft.date=2024-01-05&rft.au=Palestine+Chronicle+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestinechronicle.com%2Fturkiye-malaysia-oic-back-south-africas-case-against-israel-at-icj%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-717"><a href="#cite_ref-717">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRédaction_AfricanewsAdu-Gyamfi2024" class="citation news cs1">Rédaction Africanews; Adu-Gyamfi, Kwabena (20 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240824175259/https://www.africanews.com/2024/01/20/african-leaders-criticize-israels-military-campaign-in-gaza-call-for-an-immediate-cease-fi/">"African leaders criticize Israel's military campaign in Gaza, call for an immediate cease-fire"</a>. Africa News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2024/01/20/african-leaders-criticize-israels-military-campaign-in-gaza-call-for-an-immediate-cease-fi/">the original</a> on 24 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Africa+News&rft.atitle=African+leaders+criticize+Israel%27s+military+campaign+in+Gaza%2C+call+for+an+immediate+cease-fire&rft.date=2024-01-20&rft.au=R%C3%A9daction+Africanews&rft.au=Adu-Gyamfi%2C+Kwabena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2024%2F01%2F20%2Fafrican-leaders-criticize-israels-military-campaign-in-gaza-call-for-an-immediate-cease-fi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-718"><a href="#cite_ref-718">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarb2024" class="citation news cs1">Harb, Ali (21 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/21/israels-war-on-gaza-live-deadly-israeli-attacks-across-gaza?update=2637040">"'End Israel's colonialism': Palestine welcomes ceasefire call"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240121100941/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/21/israels-war-on-gaza-live-deadly-israeli-attacks-across-gaza?update=2637040">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27End+Israel%27s+colonialism%27%3A+Palestine+welcomes+ceasefire+call&rft.date=2024-01-21&rft.aulast=Harb&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F1%2F21%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-deadly-israeli-attacks-across-gaza%3Fupdate%3D2637040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-720"><a href="#cite_ref-720">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJimoh2024">Jimoh 2024</a>; <a href="#CITEREFConley2024b">Conley 2024b</a>; <a href="#CITEREFThe_Palestine_Chronicle2024b">The Palestine Chronicle 2024b</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024-721">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024_721-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024_721-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024_721-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024_721-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024_721-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024_721-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024_721-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Progressive_International_2024_721-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://progressive.international/wire/2024-01-08-we-support-south-africas-genocide-convention-case-against-israel/en/">"We Support South Africa's Genocide Convention Case Against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">Progressive International</a>. 8 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108224921/https://progressive.international/wire/2024-01-08-we-support-south-africas-genocide-convention-case-against-israel/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+Support+South+Africa%27s+Genocide+Convention+Case+Against+Israel&rft.pub=Progressive+International&rft.date=2024-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprogressive.international%2Fwire%2F2024-01-08-we-support-south-africas-genocide-convention-case-against-israel%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Organizational_Sign-on_Letter-722">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Organizational_Sign-on_Letter_722-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Organizational_Sign-on_Letter_722-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Organizational_Sign-on_Letter_722-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Organizational_Sign-on_Letter_722-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSckfVUjnsu-ypbFsbczDRc6XxUoQ-5sVJPLQcVLnfRkkLpiyg/viewform">"Organizational Sign-on Letter Calling on States to Support South Africa's Genocide Convention Case Against Israel at the ICJ"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Forms&rft.atitle=Organizational+Sign-on+Letter+Calling+on+States+to+Support+South+Africa%27s+Genocide+Convention+Case+Against+Israel+at+the+ICJ&rft.date=2023-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fforms%2Fd%2Fe%2F1FAIpQLSckfVUjnsu-ypbFsbczDRc6XxUoQ-5sVJPLQcVLnfRkkLpiyg%2Fviewform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Al-Haq-723">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Al-Haq_723-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Al-Haq_723-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Al-Haq_723-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alhaq.org/advocacy/22456.html">"Welcoming South Africa's Principled Move to Pursue Justice for Israel's Genocide against Palestinians in Gaza at the International Court of Justice"</a>. Al-Haq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113203535/https://www.alhaq.org/advocacy/22456.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Haq&rft.atitle=Welcoming+South+Africa%27s+Principled+Move+to+Pursue+Justice+for+Israel%27s+Genocide+against+Palestinians+in+Gaza+at+the+International+Court+of+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alhaq.org%2Fadvocacy%2F22456.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-724"><a href="#cite_ref-724">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240124041621/https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/finland-news/domestic/24739-international-court-hearings-a-crucial-step-for-protecting-palestinian-civilians-says-amnesty.html">"International court hearings: A crucial step for protecting Palestinian civilians, says Amnesty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Times" title="Helsinki Times">Helsinki Times</a>. 12 January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/finland-news/domestic/24739-international-court-hearings-a-crucial-step-for-protecting-palestinian-civilians-says-amnesty.html">the original</a> on 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Helsinki+Times&rft.atitle=International+court+hearings%3A+A+crucial+step+for+protecting+Palestinian+civilians%2C+says+Amnesty&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinkitimes.fi%2Ffinland%2Ffinland-news%2Fdomestic%2F24739-international-court-hearings-a-crucial-step-for-protecting-palestinian-civilians-says-amnesty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-725"><a href="#cite_ref-725">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsaafinOsgoodHarb2024" class="citation news cs1">Alsaafin, Linah; Osgood, Brian; Harb, Ali (11 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-pounds-gaza-ahead-of-icj-genocide-hearing?update=2612254">"Amnesty International calls ICJ hearings 'vital step' to protect Palestinians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112003609/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-pounds-gaza-ahead-of-icj-genocide-hearing?update=2612254">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Amnesty+International+calls+ICJ+hearings+%27vital+step%27+to+protect+Palestinians&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft.aulast=Alsaafin&rft.aufirst=Linah&rft.au=Osgood%2C+Brian&rft.au=Harb%2C+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F1%2F11%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-pounds-gaza-ahead-of-icj-genocide-hearing%3Fupdate%3D2612254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-726"><a href="#cite_ref-726">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/BFW_IL/likes">"Boycott from Within Twitter Page: Likes"</a>. Twitter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115170304/https://twitter.com/BFW_IL/likes">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=Boycott+from+Within+Twitter+Page%3A+Likes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FBFW_IL%2Flikes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Garriga-727">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Garriga_727-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Garriga_727-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Garriga_727-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Garriga_727-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Garriga_727-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarriga2024" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Garriga, Melissa (2 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.codepink.org/icj_petition_delivery">"Peace Groups Urge Countries to Join South Africa in Charging Israel With Genocide"</a> (Press release). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/CodePink" class="mw-redirect" title="CodePink">CodePink</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103001846/https://www.codepink.org/icj_petition_delivery">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peace+Groups+Urge+Countries+to+Join+South+Africa+in+Charging+Israel+With+Genocide&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=CodePink&rft.date=2024-01-02&rft.aulast=Garriga&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.codepink.org%2Ficj_petition_delivery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024-728">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024_728-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024_728-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024_728-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024_728-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024_728-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJimoh2024_728-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFJimoh2024">Jimoh 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConley2024b-729">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConley2024b_729-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConley2024b_729-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConley2024b_729-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConley2024b_729-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConley2024b_729-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFConley2024b">Conley 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-730"><a href="#cite_ref-730">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe-Colonizer2024" class="citation web cs1">De-Colonizer (16 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/decolonizer/posts/pfbid0y1kA5e1ozRmMr8xJbQvnTmCVMUUikvGGA7qVFunmdVwiTRVdzySPA6kUiwQLxjPhll">"N/A"</a>. Facebook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119114006/https://www.facebook.com/decolonizer/posts/pfbid0y1kA5e1ozRmMr8xJbQvnTmCVMUUikvGGA7qVFunmdVwiTRVdzySPA6kUiwQLxjPhll">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=N%2FA&rft.date=2024-01-16&rft.au=De-Colonizer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fdecolonizer%2Fposts%2Fpfbid0y1kA5e1ozRmMr8xJbQvnTmCVMUUikvGGA7qVFunmdVwiTRVdzySPA6kUiwQLxjPhll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-731"><a href="#cite_ref-731">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-israel-un-court-palestinians-genocide-ffe672c4eb3e14a30128542eaa537b21">"South Africa launches case at top UN court accusing Israel of genocide in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 29 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240102144544/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-israel-un-court-palestinians-genocide-ffe672c4eb3e14a30128542eaa537b21">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=South+Africa+launches+case+at+top+UN+court+accusing+Israel+of+genocide+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsouth-africa-israel-un-court-palestinians-genocide-ffe672c4eb3e14a30128542eaa537b21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-732"><a href="#cite_ref-732">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/the-day-in-human-rights/2024/01/10">"Genocide Case against Israel at World Court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 10 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113161236/https://www.hrw.org/the-day-in-human-rights/2024/01/10">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Genocide+Case+against+Israel+at+World+Court&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fthe-day-in-human-rights%2F2024%2F01%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza_genocide_Weller-733">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Weller_733-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Weller_733-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Weller_733-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Weller_733-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza_genocide_Weller_733-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeller2024" class="citation web cs1">Weller, Marc (10 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ejiltalk.org/does-the-icj-have-the-legal-authority-to-pronounce-itself-on-the-right-to-self-defence/">"Does the ICJ have the Legal Authority to Pronounce itself on the Right to Self-Defence?"</a>. EJIL: Talk!. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118222559/https://www.ejiltalk.org/does-the-icj-have-the-legal-authority-to-pronounce-itself-on-the-right-to-self-defence/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2024. 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Facebook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114051745/https://www.facebook.com/ICAHDRebuilding/posts/pfbid02Vo7Ms9W7Te4q4S36e5kMqxZe6FSZF8MpGww66Y7YobpV6LFTvk5PPxYKiiUAQ465l">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=N%2FA&rft.date=2024-01-04&rft.au=Israeli+Committee+Against+House+Demolitions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FICAHDRebuilding%2Fposts%2Fpfbid02Vo7Ms9W7Te4q4S36e5kMqxZe6FSZF8MpGww66Y7YobpV6LFTvk5PPxYKiiUAQ465l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-735"><a href="#cite_ref-735">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeiman2024" class="citation web cs1">Neiman, Ofer (12 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ofer_n/status/1745799669517541813">"N/A"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=N%2FA&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft.aulast=Neiman&rft.aufirst=Ofer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fofer_n%2Fstatus%2F1745799669517541813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-736"><a href="#cite_ref-736">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoussi2024" class="citation news cs1">Soussi, Alasdair (11 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/11/who-is-israeli-mp-ofer-cassif-why-is-he-backing-south-africa-at-the-icj">"Who is Israeli MP Ofer Cassif, why is he backing South Africa at the ICJ?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114093746/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/11/who-is-israeli-mp-ofer-cassif-why-is-he-backing-south-africa-at-the-icj">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Who+is+Israeli+MP+Ofer+Cassif%2C+why+is+he+backing+South+Africa+at+the+ICJ%3F&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft.aulast=Soussi&rft.aufirst=Alasdair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F1%2F11%2Fwho-is-israeli-mp-ofer-cassif-why-is-he-backing-south-africa-at-the-icj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-737"><a href="#cite_ref-737">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinrich" class="citation news cs1">Heinrich, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515182529/https://www.reuters.com/world/reaction-south-africas-un-court-case-against-israels-war-gaza-2024-01-11/">"Reaction to South Africa's UN court case against Israel's war in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-seeks-international-court-justice-genocide-order-against-israel-2023-12-29/">the original</a> on 31 December 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/south-africas-genocide-case-israel-sets-high-stakes-106055104">the original</a> on 7 January 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-asks-world-court-more-measures-against-israel-2024-03-06/">the original</a> on 6 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=South+Africa+asks+World+Court+for+more+measures+against+Israel&rft.date=2024-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fsouth-africa-asks-world-court-more-measures-against-israel-2024-03-06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-748"><a href="#cite_ref-748">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/27/israels-war-on-gaza-live-news-35-killed-in-rafah-tent-bombings?update=2928769">"Continued attacks on Rafah are 'in breach of international humanitarian law': Norway's FM"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cubaminrex.cu/es/cuba-apoya-la-demanda-de-sudafrica-ante-la-corte-internacional-de-justicia-contra-el-genocidio-de">the original</a> on 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Cuba+apoya+la+demanda+de+Sud%C3%A1frica+ante+la+Corte+Internacional+de+Justicia+contra+el+genocidio+de+Israel+en+Palestina&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcubaminrex.cu%2Fes%2Fcuba-apoya-la-demanda-de-sudafrica-ante-la-corte-internacional-de-justicia-contra-el-genocidio-de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonoghue2024" class="citation interview cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Donoghue" title="Joan Donoghue">Donoghue, Joan</a> (25 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001yplc">"Joan Donoghue – Former President of the International Court of Justice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HARDtalk" title="HARDtalk">HARDtalk</a> (Interview). 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Retrieved 10 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=World+Court+to+hear+Genocide+Case+Against+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2024%2F01%2F10%2Fworld-court-hear-genocide-case-against-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJimoh2024" class="citation web cs1">Jimoh, Abdullahi (4 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newscentral.africa/over-100-global-organisations-rally-for-south-africas-genocide-case-against-israel-at-icj/">"Over 100 Global Organisations Rally for South Africa's Genocide Case Against Israel at ICJ"</a>. News Central TV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106123615/https://newscentral.africa/over-100-global-organisations-rally-for-south-africas-genocide-case-against-israel-at-icj/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+Central+TV&rft.atitle=Over+100+Global+Organisations+Rally+for+South+Africa%27s+Genocide+Case+Against+Israel+at+ICJ&rft.date=2024-01-04&rft.aulast=Jimoh&rft.aufirst=Abdullahi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewscentral.africa%2Fover-100-global-organisations-rally-for-south-africas-genocide-case-against-israel-at-icj%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Palestine_Chronicle2024b" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palestinechronicle.com/south-africas-icj-case-against-israel-backed-by-over-1000-organizations/">"South Africa's ICJ Case Against Israel Backed by Over 1,000 Organizations"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Palestine_Chronicle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Palestine Chronicle (page does not exist)">The Palestine Chronicle</a>. 10 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112210235/https://www.palestinechronicle.com/south-africas-icj-case-against-israel-backed-by-over-1000-organizations/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Palestine+Chronicle&rft.atitle=South+Africa%27s+ICJ+Case+Against+Israel+Backed+by+Over+1%2C000+Organizations&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestinechronicle.com%2Fsouth-africas-icj-case-against-israel-backed-by-over-1000-organizations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuigley2024" class="citation web cs1">Quigley, John (3 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240713161805/https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/the-lancet-and-genocide-by-slow-death-in-gaza/">"The Lancet and Genocide By "Slow Death" in Gaza"</a>. Arab Center Washington DC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/the-lancet-and-genocide-by-slow-death-in-gaza/">the original</a> on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+Center+Washington+DC&rft.atitle=The+Lancet+and+Genocide+By+%22Slow+Death%22+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-07-03&rft.aulast=Quigley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farabcenterdc.org%2Fresource%2Fthe-lancet-and-genocide-by-slow-death-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShamim2024" class="citation news cs1">Shamim, Sarah (11 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126071244/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/9/which-countries-back-south-africas-genocide-case-against-israel-at-icj">"Which countries back South Africa's genocide case against Israel at ICJ?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/9/which-countries-back-south-africas-genocide-case-against-israel-at-icj">the original</a> on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Which+countries+back+South+Africa%27s+genocide+case+against+Israel+at+ICJ%3F&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft.aulast=Shamim&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F1%2F9%2Fwhich-countries-back-south-africas-genocide-case-against-israel-at-icj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoni2023" class="citation journal cs1">Soni, S. 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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law. 16 (3): 80–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7196%2FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764">10.7196/SAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Journal+of+Bioethics+and+Law&rft.atitle=Gaza+and+international+law%3A+The+global+obligation+to+protect+life+and+health&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=80-81&rft.date=2023-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7196%2FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764&rft.aulast=Soni&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7196%252FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanielian2024" class="citation journal cs1">Tanielian, Melanie S. (5 February 2024). "The Silent Slow Killer of Famine: Humanitarian Management and Permanent Security". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>: 1–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2310866">10.1080/14623528.2024.2310866</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&rft.atitle=The+Silent+Slow+Killer+of+Famine%3A+Humanitarian+Management+and+Permanent+Security&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=2024-02-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2310866&rft.aulast=Tanielian&rft.aufirst=Melanie+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+war+crimes+in+the+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/a-cartography-of-genocide">A Cartography of Genocide</a>" via <a href="/wiki/Forensic_Architecture" title="Forensic Architecture">Forensic Architecture</a> (25 October 2024)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israel–Hamas_war" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Template:Israel–Hamas war"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Template talk:Israel–Hamas war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israel–Hamas war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israel–Hamas_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Timeline of the Israel–Hamas war">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Outline of the Israel–Hamas war">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="List of military engagements during the Israel–Hamas war">Engage- ments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Hamas-led attack on Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attacks on civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netiv_HaAsara_massacre" title="Netiv HaAsara massacre">Netiv HaAsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alumim_massacre" title="Alumim massacre">Alumim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%27eri_massacre" title="Be'eri massacre">Be'eri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elhanan_Team" title="Elhanan Team">Elhanan Team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Holit" title="Attack on Holit">Holit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Aza_massacre" title="Kfar Aza massacre">Kfar Aza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissufim_massacre" title="Kissufim massacre">Kissufim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Oz_attack" title="Nir Oz attack">Nir Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Yitzhak_attack" title="Nir Yitzhak attack">Nir Yitzhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Oz_attack" title="Nahal Oz attack">Nahal Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirim_attack" title="Nirim attack">Nirim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_music_festival_massacre" title="Nova music festival massacre">Nova music festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_Shelters" title="Death Shelters">Death Shelters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyduck_music_festival_massacre" title="Psyduck music festival massacre">Psyduck music festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Re%27im" title="Battle of Re'im">Re'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sderot" title="Battle of Sderot">Sderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sufa" title="Battle of Sufa">Sufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikim_attack" title="Zikim attack">Zikim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_female_tank_crew_fight" title="2023 Israeli female tank crew fight">Israeli female tank crew fight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Allegations of genocide in the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Allegations of genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA_and_Israel" title="UNRWA and Israel">Allegations of involvement of UNRWA employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Shelters" title="Death Shelters">Death Shelters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Denial of the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_in_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Sexual and gender-based violence in the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Sexual and gender-based violence</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Screams_Without_Words" title="Screams Without Words">Screams Without Words</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearing_Witness_(2023_film)" title="Bearing Witness (2023 film)">Bearing Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screams_Before_Silence" title="Screams Before Silence">Screams Before Silence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Israeli invasion of Gaza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beit_Hanoun" title="Battle of Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaza_City" title="Siege of Gaza City">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Khan_Yunis" title="Siege of Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_of_the_Rafah_offensive" title="Background of the Rafah offensive">Background</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Refugee_camp_airstrikes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Refugee camp airstrikes in the Israel–Hamas war">Attacks on refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Jabalia_refugee_camp_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Attacks on Jabalia refugee camp (2023–present)">Jabalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31_October_2023_Jabalia_refugee_camp_airstrike" title="31 October 2023 Jabalia refugee camp airstrike">31 October</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_refugee_camp_airstrikes" title="Al-Shati refugee camp airstrikes">Al-Shati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_northern_Gaza_City_airstrikes" title="June 2024 northern Gaza City airstrikes">Al-Shati and Tuffah dual airstrikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_attacks_on_Al-Maghazi_refugee_camp" title="Israeli attacks on Al-Maghazi refugee camp">Al-Maghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Sultan_attack" title="Tel al-Sultan attack">Tel al-Sultan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="May 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_refugee_camp_massacre" title="Nuseirat refugee camp massacre">Nuseirat refugee camp massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="June 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (June)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2024_al-Shati_refugee_camp_attack" title="July 2024 al-Shati refugee camp attack">Al-Shati (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Deir_el-Balah_attacks" title="August 2024 Deir el-Balah attacks">Deir el-Balah (August)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (September)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_schools_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on schools during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Attacks on schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fakhoora_school_airstrikes" title="Al-Fakhoora school airstrikes">Al-Fakhoora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadia_Abu_Ghazala_School_massacre" title="Shadia Abu Ghazala School massacre">Shadia Abu Ghazala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sardi_school_attack" title="Al-Sardi school attack">Al-Sardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_school_attack" title="Al-Awda school attack">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadija_School_airstrike" title="Khadija School airstrike">Khadija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamama_School_bombing" title="Hamama School bombing">Hamama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tabaeen_school_attack" title="Al-Tabaeen school attack">Al-Tabaeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Jawni_School_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Jawni School attack">Al-Jawni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Rufaida_school_attack" title="October 2024 Rufaida school attack">Rufaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Abu_Hussein_school_attack" title="October 2024 Abu Hussein school attack">Abu Hussein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war">Attacks on health facilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital_explosion" title="Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion">Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital_siege" title="Al-Shifa Hospital siege">Al-Shifa Hospital siege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alleged_military_use_of_al-Shifa_hospital" title="Alleged military use of al-Shifa hospital">alleged military use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_ambulance_airstrike" title="Al-Shifa ambulance airstrike">ambulance airstrike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_mass_graves" title="Gaza Strip mass graves">Gaza Strip mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Adwan_Hospital_sieges" title="Kamal Adwan Hospital sieges">Kamal Adwan Hospital sieges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_health_workers_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Killing of health workers in the Israel–Hamas war">Killing of health workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_Hospital_siege" title="Nasser Hospital siege">Nasser Hospital siege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_Hospital_mass_graves" title="Nasser Hospital mass graves">Nasser Hospital mass graves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_October_2024_Al-Aqsa_Hospital_attack" title="14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack">14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrikes_on_municipal_services_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli airstrikes on municipal services in the Gaza Strip">Airstrikes on municipal services in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_religious_sites_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on religious sites during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Attacks on religious sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer%27s_Building_airstrike" title="Engineer's Building airstrike">Engineer's Building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_February_2024_Rafah_strikes" title="12 February 2024 Rafah strikes">Rafah strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_massacre" title="Flour massacre">Flour massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Roundabout_mass_killings" title="Kuwait Roundabout mass killings">Kuwait Roundabout mass killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Palestinians_evacuating_Gaza_City" title="Attacks on Palestinians evacuating Gaza City">Palestinians evacuating Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen_aid_convoy_attack" title="World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack">World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_July_2024_Gaza_attacks" title="9 July 2024 Gaza attacks">9 July 2024 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_July_2024_al-Mawasi_attack" title="13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack">13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_July_2024_Khan_Yunis_attack" title="22 July 2024 Khan Yunis attack">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Deir_al-Balah_mosque_bombing" title="October 2024 Deir al-Balah mosque bombing">Deir al-Balah mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_October_2024_Beit_Lahia_attacks" title="19 October 2024 Beit Lahia attacks">Beit Lahia attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_October_2024_Beit_Lahia_airstrike" title="29 October 2024 Beit Lahia airstrike">Beit Lahia airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI-assisted_targeting_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="AI-assisted targeting in the Gaza Strip">AI-assisted targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip">Bombing of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_generals%27_plan" title="Israeli generals' plan">Israeli generals' plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Torture during the Israel–Hamas war">Torture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)">Other theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_the_West_Bank_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Israel–Hamas war">Israeli incursions in the West Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_military_operation_in_the_West_Bank" title="2024 Israeli military operation in the West Bank">2024 Israeli military operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Benjamin_Achimeir" title="Killing of Benjamin Achimeir">Killing of Benjamin Achimeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Israeli_settler_rampages" title="April 2024 Israeli settler rampages">April 2024 Israeli settler rampages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_Street_bombing" title="Lehi Street bombing">Lehi Street bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Givat_Shaul_shooting" title="2023 Givat Shaul shooting">Givat Shaul shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams_attack" title="Majdal Shams attack">Majdal Shams attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_22_drone_attack" title="Tower 22 drone attack">Tower 22 drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_Tulkarm" title="Israeli incursions in Tulkarm">Israeli incursions in Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Masyaf_raid" title="2024 Masyaf raid">2024 Masyaf raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Jaffa_shooting" title="2024 Jaffa shooting">2024 Jaffa shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tulkarm_Camp_airstrike" title="2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike">2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2024 Iran–Israel conflict">Iran–Israel conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrike_on_the_Iranian_consulate_in_Damascus" title="Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus">Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus</a></li> <li>Iranian strikes in Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">April 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">October 2024</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israeli strikes on Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">April 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">October 2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh">Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_journalists_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Attacks on journalists during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Attacks on journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_displacement_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict" title="Lebanese displacement during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict">Lebanese displacement</a></li> <li>Assassinations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hezbollah_headquarters_strike" title="2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike">Hezbollah headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_September_2024_Beirut_attack" title="20 September 2024 Beirut attack">Ibrahim Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Fuad_Shukr" title="Assassination of Fuad Shukr">Assassination of Fuad Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Nabatieh_attack" title="August 2024 Nabatieh attack">August 2024 Nabatieh attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Israel%E2%80%93Lebanon_strikes" title="August 2024 Israel–Lebanon strikes">August 2024 Israel–Lebanon strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lebanon_electronic_device_attacks" title="2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks">2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Israeli_attacks_against_Lebanon" title="September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon">September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon" title="2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon">Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Red_Sea_crisis" title="Timeline of the Red Sea crisis">Timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_MV_Maersk_Hangzhou" title="Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou">Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_missile_strikes_in_Yemen" title="2024 missile strikes in Yemen">2024 missile strikes in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Luanda_missile_strike" title="Marlin Luanda missile strike">Marlin Luanda missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Houthi_drone_attack_on_Israel" title="2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel">2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_2024_Israeli_attack_on_Yemen" title="20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen">Israeli attack on Yemen (July 2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_Sounion" title="Attacks on the Sounion">Attacks on the Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_September_2024_Israeli_attacks_on_Yemen" title="29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen">Israeli attacks on Yemen (September 2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_hostage_crisis" title="Israel–Hamas war hostage crisis">Hostages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_prisoner_exchange" title="Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange">Hostage–prisoner exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_from_Israel" title="Kidnapped from Israel">Kidnapped from Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostages_and_Missing_Families_Forum" title="Hostages and Missing Families Forum">Hostages and Missing Families Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostages_Square" title="Hostages Square">Hostages Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Captive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_the_Bibas_family" title="Kidnapping of the Bibas family">Bibas family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oded_Lifshitz" title="Oded Lifshitz">Oded Lifshitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Naama_Levy" title="Kidnapping of Naama Levy">Naama Levy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Rescued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Golden_Hand" title="Operation Golden Hand">Operation Golden Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_Ori_Megidish" title="Rescue of Ori Megidish"> Ori Megidish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nuseirat_rescue_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Nuseirat rescue operation">Nuseirat operation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Noa_Argamani" title="Kidnapping of Noa Argamani">Noa Argamani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_Qaid_Farhan_Al-Qadi" title="Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi">Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Released</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Edry_hostage_situation" title="Rachel Edry hostage situation">Rachel Edry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Yarden_Roman-Gat" title="Kidnapping of Yarden Roman-Gat">Yarden Roman-Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Mia_Schem" title="Kidnapping of Mia Schem">Mia Schem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Deceased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Dancyg" title="Alex Dancyg">Alex Dancyg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_and_killing_of_Hersh_Goldberg-Polin" title="Kidnapping and killing of Hersh Goldberg-Polin">Hersh Goldberg-Polin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alon_Shamriz,_Yotam_Haim,_and_Samer_Talalka" title="Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka">Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_ceasefire" title="2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire">Ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinator_of_Government_Activities_in_the_Territories" title="Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories">COGAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahiya_doctrine" title="Dahiya doctrine">Dahiya doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_on_children_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Effect of the Israel–Hamas war on children in the Gaza Strip">Effect on children in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Directive" title="Hannibal Directive">Hannibal Directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">International recognition of the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interrogation_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Interrogation in the Israel–Hamas war">Israeli interrogations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_advocacy_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Queer advocacy in the Israel–Hamas war">Queer advocacy in the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Women in the Israel–Hamas war">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict#Israel–Hamas_war" title="Wikipedia and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Wikipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Historical context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict">International law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Background to the Israel–Hamas war">Background to the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_freedom_of_movement" title="Palestinian freedom of movement">Palestinian freedom of movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_Israeli_attacks_on_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip">Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_against_Palestinians_by_Israel" title="Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel">Human rights violations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_shields_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Human shields in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Human shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_demolition_of_Palestinian_property" title="Israeli demolition of Palestinian property">Israeli demolition of Palestinian property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_Israeli_settlements" title="Legality of Israeli settlements">Legality of Israeli settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_outpost" title="Israeli outpost">Israeli outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">Israeli settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip">Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2023" title="List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2023">Palestinian rocket attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_tunnel_warfare_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip">Palestinian tunnel warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tunnel_barrier_along_the_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_border" title="Anti-tunnel barrier along the Gaza–Israel border">anti-tunnel barrier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing_by_Israel" title="Targeted killing by Israel">Israeli assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Women in the Israel–Hamas war">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of the Israel–Hamas war">Effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calls_for_the_destruction_of_Israel" title="Calls for the destruction of Israel">Calls for the destruction of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_government_response_to_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Israeli government response to the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Israeli government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_cabinet" title="Israeli war cabinet">Israeli war cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Mass detentions in the Israel–Hamas war">Mass detentions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Economic impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Environment impact in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Evacuations during the Israel–Hamas war">Evacuations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_evacuations" title="Gaza Strip evacuations">Gaza Strip evacuations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Humanitarian crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_floating_pier" title="Gaza floating pier">Gaza floating pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gaza_Strip_healthcare_collapse" title="Timeline of the Gaza Strip healthcare collapse">Healthcare collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Gaza_Strip_preterm_births" title="2023–2024 Gaza Strip preterm births">Premature baby crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_breakdown_in_the_Gaza_Strip_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Societal breakdown in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war">Societal breakdown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_public_diplomacy_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israeli public diplomacy in the Israel–Hamas war">Israeli public diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Media coverage of the Israel–Hamas war">Media coverage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_journalists_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Killing of journalists in the Israel–Hamas war">Violence against journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war">Misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallywood" title="Pallywood">Pallywood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">Palestinian genocide accusation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">United States complicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_against_Palestinians_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinians during the Israel–Hamas war">Sexual violence against Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_war_crimes" title="Hamas war crimes">Hamas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_razing_of_cemeteries_and_necroviolence_against_Palestinians" title="Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians">Cemetery destruction and necroviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_torture_in_the_occupied_territories" title="Israeli torture in the occupied territories">Israeli torture in the occupied territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_resettlement_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip">Proposed Israeli resettlement of Gaza</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="International reactions to the Israel–Hamas war">Reactions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calls_for_a_ceasefire_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Calls for a ceasefire during the Israel–Hamas war">Calls for a ceasefire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three-phase_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_ceasefire_proposal" title="Three-phase Israel–Hamas war ceasefire proposal">Three-phase proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Israel_hostage_deal_protests" title="September 2024 Israel hostage deal protests">September 2024 Israel hostage deal protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Diplomatic impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Diplomatic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_donors_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="University donors during the Israel–Hamas war">University donors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_reactions_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="European Union reactions to the Israel–Hamas war">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Islamic Summit Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Arab%E2%80%93Islamic_extraordinary_summit" title="2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit">Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurmat-e-Masjid_Aqsa_Conference" title="Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference">Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards" title="2023 MTV Europe Music Awards">Cancellation of the 2023 MTV EMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_resettlement_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip">Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Beijing_Declaration" title="2024 Beijing Declaration">2024 Beijing Declaration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Israel_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="List of military aid to Israel during the Israel–Hamas war">Military aid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">US support for Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United Kingdom support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">UK support for Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discrimination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Antisemitism during the Israel–Hamas war">Antisemitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_antisemitic_riots_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="2023 antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus">Riots in the North Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Anti-Palestinianism during the Israel–Hamas war">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Islamophobia during the Israel–Hamas war">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_incidents_in_reaction_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Violent incidents in reaction to the Israel–Hamas war">Violent incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Wadea_al-Fayoume" title="Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume">Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Paul_Kessler" title="Death of Paul Kessler">Death of Paul Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_shooting_of_Palestinian_students_in_Burlington,_Vermont" title="2023 shooting of Palestinian students in Burlington, Vermont">Vermont student shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests" title="Israel–Hamas war protests">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses">University campuses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations" title="2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupations">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sciences_Po_pro-Palestinian_occupation_protest" title="2024 Sciences Po pro-Palestinian occupation protest">Sciences Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of California, Los Angeles pro-Palestinian campus occupation">UCLA</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_for_the_Republic_and_Against_Antisemitism" title="March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism">March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bitung_clashes" title="2023 Bitung clashes">2023 Bitung clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_Israel" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_blockade_of_aid_delivery_to_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli blockade of aid delivery to the Gaza Strip">Humanitarian aid blockade</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_pro-Palestinian_strike_in_Spain" title="September 2024 pro-Palestinian strike in Spain">2024 pro-Palestinian strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_the_United_States" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists4Ceasefire" title="Artists4Ceasefire">Artists4Ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Democratic_National_Committee_protests" title="2023 Democratic National Committee protests">DNC protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Gaza" title="March on Washington for Gaza">March on Washington for Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Israel" title="March for Israel">March for Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_March_on_Washington:_Free_Palestine" title="National March on Washington: Free Palestine">National March on Washington: Free Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protest_vote_movements" title="Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements">Protest votes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-immolation_of_Aaron_Bushnell" title="Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell">Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D-Chowk_Dharna" title="D-Chowk Dharna">D-Chowk Dharna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Faizabad_sit-in" title="2024 Faizabad sit-in">2024 Faizabad sit-in</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-10/21" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/21">A/RES/ES-10/21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2712" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2712">S/RES/2712</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-10/22" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/22">A/RES/ES-10/22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2720" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2720">S/RES/2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2728" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2728">S/RES/2728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-10/23" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/23">A/RES/ES-10/23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2735" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2735">S/RES/2735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories#UN_General_Assembly_resolution" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">A/RES/ES-10/L.31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN inquiry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory">Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war#Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory_report" title="Diplomatic impact of the Israel–Hamas war">War crimes and crimes against humanity report</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">Legal Consequences of Israeli Policies and Practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_for_Children_International_%E2%80%93_Palestine_et_al_v._Biden_et_al" title="Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al">Defense for Children International – Palestine v. Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Casualties of the Israel–Hamas war">Casualties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alim_Abdallah" title="Alim Abdallah">Alim Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Bashat" title="Yitzhak Ben-Bashat">Yitzhak Ben-Bashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayar_Davidov" title="Jayar Davidov">Jayar Davidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Ginsberg" title="Eli Ginsberg">Eli Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Habaka" title="Salman Habaka">Salman Habaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Hamami" title="Asaf Hamami">Asaf Hamami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhar_Hofman" title="Yitzhar Hofman">Yitzhar Hofman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roi_Levy" title="Roi Levy">Roi Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhar_Peled" title="Izhar Peled">Izhar Peled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Steinberg" title="Yonatan Steinberg">Yonatan Steinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Daxa" title="Ehsan Daxa">Ehsan Daxa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lior_Asulin" title="Lior Asulin">Lior Asulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Yuval_Castleman" title="Killing of Yuval Castleman">Yuval Castleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayim_Katsman" title="Hayim Katsman">Hayim Katsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofir_Libstein" title="Ofir Libstein">Ofir Libstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Shani_Louk" title="Killing of Shani Louk">Shani Louk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Aner_Shapira" title="Death of Aner Shapira">Aner Shapira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Silver" title="Vivian Silver">Vivian Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahav_Winner" title="Yahav Winner">Yahav Winner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hamas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Fatah_Dukhan" title="Abdul Fatah Dukhan">Abdul Fatah Dukhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Dababish" title="Mohammed Dababish">Mohammed Dababish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissam_Farhat" title="Wissam Farhat">Wissam Farhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ghandour_(militant)" title="Ahmed Ghandour (militant)">Ahmed Ghandour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Issa" title="Marwan Issa">Marwan Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursan_Khalifa" title="Fursan Khalifa">Fursan Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafa_Salama" title="Rafa Salama">Rafa Salama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_Mazini" title="Osama Mazini">Osama Mazini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nofal" title="Ayman Nofal">Ayman Nofal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamila_Abdallah_Taha_al-Shanti" title="Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti">Jamila al-Shanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Al_Qadi" title="Ali Al Qadi">Ali Al Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaa_Shreiteh" title="Alaa Shreiteh">Alaa Shreiteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiq_Al-Mabhouh" title="Faiq Al-Mabhouh">Faiq Al-Mabhouh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other militants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fouad_Abu_Butihan" title="Fouad Abu Butihan">Fouad Abu Butihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Shehadeh" title="Jihad Shehadeh">Jihad Shehadeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tawfic_Abdel_Jabbar" title="Killing of Tawfic Abdel Jabbar">Tawfic Abdel Jabbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majed_Abu_Maraheel" title="Majed Abu Maraheel">Majed Abu Maraheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiba_Abu_Nada" title="Hiba Abu Nada">Hiba Abu Nada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refaat_Alareer" title="Refaat Alareer">Refaat Alareer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammam_Alloh" title="Hammam Alloh">Hammam Alloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nahida_and_Samar_Anton" title="Killing of Nahida and Samar Anton">Nahida and Samar Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Astal" title="Ibrahim al-Astal">Ibrahim al-Astal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Bahar_(Palestinian_politician)" title="Ahmad Bahar (Palestinian politician)">Ahmad Bahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Barakat_(footballer)" title="Mohammed Barakat (footballer)">Mohammed Barakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mohammad_Bhar" title="Killing of Mohammad Bhar">Mohammad Bhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_Ben_Avraham" title="Killing of David Ben Avraham">David Ben Avraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Bursh" title="Adnan al-Bursh">Adnan al-Bursh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Dabour" title="Rashid Dabour">Rashid Dabour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Dalou" title="Mohamed al-Dalou">Mohamed al-Dalou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awni_El-Dous" title="Awni El-Dous">Awni El-Dous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ferwana" title="Omar Ferwana">Omar Ferwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathi_Ghaben" title="Fathi Ghaben">Fathi Ghaben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihab_al-Ghussein" title="Ihab al-Ghussein">Ihab al-Ghussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medo_Halimy" title="Medo Halimy">Medo Halimy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sidra_Hassouna" title="Killing of Sidra Hassouna">Sidra Hassouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Yazan_al-Kafarneh" title="Death of Yazan al-Kafarneh">Yazan al-Kafarneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mohammad_Khdour" title="Killing of Mohammad Khdour">Mohammad Khdour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_Al-Masdar" title="Hani Al-Masdar">Hani Al-Masdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Qusaya" title="Ibrahim Qusaya">Ibrahim Qusaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Hind_Rajab" title="Killing of Hind Rajab">Hind Rajab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shabir" title="Mohammed Shabir">Mohammed Shabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Abu_Sakhila" title="Rashad Abu Sakhila">Rashad Abu Sakhila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abu_Shawish" title="Omar Abu Shawish">Omar Abu Shawish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufian_Tayeh" title="Sufian Tayeh">Sufian Tayeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Al_Zard" title="Wael Al Zard">Wael Al Zard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talal_Abu_Zarifa" title="Talal Abu Zarifa">Talal Abu Zarifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Shaban_al-Dalou" title="Killing of Shaban al-Dalou">Shaban al-Dalou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasen_al-Khateeb" title="Mahasen al-Khateeb">Mahasen al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagham_Abu_Samra" title="Nagham Abu Samra">Nagham Abu Samra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spillover</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hussein_Barji" title="Ali Hussein Barji">Ali Hussein Barji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waibhav_Anil_Kale" title="Waibhav Anil Kale">Waibhav Anil Kale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razi_Mousavi" title="Razi Mousavi">Razi Mousavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissam_al-Tawil" title="Wissam al-Tawil">Wissam al-Tawil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadegh_Omidzadeh" title="Sadegh Omidzadeh">Sadegh Omidzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushtaq_Talib_Al-Saeedi" title="Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi">Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Zahedi" title="Mohammad Reza Zahedi">Mohammad Reza Zahedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Shukr" title="Fuad Shukr">Fuad Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Aqil" title="Ibrahim Aqil">Ibrahim Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Karaki" title="Ali Karaki">Ali Karaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabil_Qaouk" title="Nabil Qaouk">Nabil Qaouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Nilforoushan" title="Abbas Nilforoushan">Abbas Nilforoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_Sharif" title="Fatah Sharif">Fatah Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashem_Safieddine" title="Hashem Safieddine">Hashem Safieddine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Afif" title="Mohammad Afif">Mohammad Afif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="List of journalists killed in the Israel–Hamas war">Journalists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Issam_Abdallah" title="Issam Abdallah">Issam Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samer_Abu_Daqqa" title="Samer Abu Daqqa">Samer Abu Daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ismail_al-Ghoul" title="Killing of Ismail al-Ghoul">Ismail al-Ghoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belal_Jadallah" title="Belal Jadallah">Belal Jadallah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Friendly fire during the Israel–Hamas war">Friendly fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Israelis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Aloni" title="Nimrod Aloni">Nimrod Aloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Goldberg-Polin" title="Rachel Goldberg-Polin">Rachel Goldberg-Polin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitan_Okun" title="Eitan Okun">Eitan Okun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagel_Oshri" title="Yagel Oshri">Yagel Oshri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbal_Rabin-Lieberman" title="Inbal Rabin-Lieberman">Inbal Rabin-Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Tibon" title="Amir Tibon">Amir Tibon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Palestinians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Al-Dahdouh" title="Wael Al-Dahdouh">Wael Al-Dahdouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plestia_Alaqad" title="Plestia Alaqad">Plestia Alaqad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motaz_Azaiza" title="Motaz Azaiza">Motaz Azaiza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisan_Owda" title="Bisan Owda">Bisan Owda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Moien_Ayyash" title="Mustafa Moien Ayyash">Mustafa Moien Ayyash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_secret_document_leak_scandal" title="2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal">2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdel_Khalek" title="Ahmed Abdel Khalek">Ahmed Abdel Khalek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saqqa_House" title="Al-Saqqa House">Al-Saqqa House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qarara_Cultural_Museum" title="Al Qarara Cultural Museum">Al Qarara Cultural Museum</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Eyes_on_Rafah" title="All Eyes on Rafah">All Eyes on Rafah</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq,_Jordan,_and_Syria_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war">Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockout_2024" title="Blockout 2024">Blockout 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Archives_of_Gaza_City" title="Central Archives of Gaza City">Central Archives of Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearing_Witness_(2023_film)" title="Bearing Witness (2023 film)">Bearing Witness</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/From_the_river_to_the_sea" title="From the river to the sea">From the river to the sea</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Daily" title="Gaza Daily">Gaza Daily</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Harbu_Darbu" title="Harbu Darbu">Harbu Darbu</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hind%27s_Hall" title="Hind's Hall">Hind's Hall</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hurricane_(Eden_Golan_song)" title="Hurricane (Eden Golan song)">Hurricane</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_demolition_of_Palestinian_property" title="Israeli demolition of Palestinian property">Israeli demolition of Palestinian property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_sports_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Options_for_a_policy_regarding_Gaza%27s_civilian_population" title="Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population">Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Nimbus" title="Project Nimbus">Project Nimbus</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rajieen" title="Rajieen">Rajieen</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mcbjw","wgBackendResponseTime":240,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"7.356","walltime":"7.813","ppvisitednodes":{"value":40185,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1893529,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":41664,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":62,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2881689,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 6990.437 1 -total"," 65.20% 4557.843 2 Template:Reflist"," 36.49% 2550.594 526 Template:Cite_web"," 19.53% 1365.572 3 Template:Excerpt"," 14.51% 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[\"CITEREFBorrell\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBubola\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurga2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCabanillas2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCallamard2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanales2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCareyJohnFlower2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChamaa2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChao-FongSedghiBelamAhmad2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChehayeb\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChiappa\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChotiner2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristou2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConley2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorder2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCornish\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDahman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanner2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebre\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebre2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond2024\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFDickey2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDitmars2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoctors_Without_Borders_-_USA2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDogan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonoghue2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEid2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl-Assasy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl-Kurd2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlanger2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEverett\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFabian\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahim\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarge\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFFarge2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoulkes2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrancis2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankel2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankelJeffery\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrazier\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGadzoRasheedRowlandsRegencia2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarner2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGauthier-VillarsBassamPerry2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilad2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiordano\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreyman-KennardJoffre2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGritten2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGumrukcu\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaque\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHardman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHasson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHelm\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenderson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolton\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHubler2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumaid\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHurwitz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngram\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIordache2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrvine\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJalabi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJimoh2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJobain2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJobainKullab\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJobainKullabNessman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKane\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKansaraNour2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasasira2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufman\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKeane\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeaten\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedyDarwish2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKershnerAbdulrahimRasgonClosson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhoury\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKim2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKingsleyShbair\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlocker\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKobowitzHauser\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKubovich\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKubovich2024\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFLe_PoidevinFleming-FarrellJadahHamadi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevyLevac\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewisPamuk\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLieber\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLister2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFListerGoodwinMezzofioreSalman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLjunggren\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLogan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLubell2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLyon\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaanit\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacaskill\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadani\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadry\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagid\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagome2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMansoor2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassoud2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGreal2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKernanDavies2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehtaNicol2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMian2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichaeliAvi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoranGodfrey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrisBerger\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaffakh2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNashed2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNereimBashir2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNgendakumana\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNichols\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFNissenbaum\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNobani\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFNolen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNortham2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Leary\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOdenheimerShbairKingsley\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOliphant2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrtizBacon\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOttRealsBreen2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO’LearyMcGreevy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPacchiani2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaddisonMichaelisDahmanTal2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPamuk\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPamukLanday\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParvaz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPillay\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowell2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPullella\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQiblawi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuigley2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRahaman_Sarkar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamaphosa\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReedSrivastava\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRegan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRegan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRueda\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaber\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSaidCloudKeller-Lynn2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalhani\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFSalmanDahmanLister2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchrader\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegal\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemler\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerhan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShahid\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShahid_Ahmed2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShamim2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharon2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShawer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShotter\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFShurafaKrauss\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiqueCoureaWintour\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSidhwa2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoni2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpecia2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSperi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpiroMagid2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrivastava\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrivastavaEngland\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinWillisJhaveriMiller2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockwellHaq\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSullivanChao-FongBanfield-NwachiLivingstone2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuter2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTabachnick2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTacchi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTalmazan2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTanielian2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanios\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Palestine_Chronicle2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFThomasRyanBrown2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTirawi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTufaha\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTétrault-Farber\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFTétrault-Farber2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTétrault-FarberFarge\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVasilyeva2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerdélio2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagner2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWerbeckBatrawyKenyonRizkallah2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWillisSteinTiefenthälerReneau2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinfield\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWintour\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWintour2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWintour2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYazbek2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeung\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYousif\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZerroukyAbreuLayanDelpuech\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhang\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZiv\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZiv2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFnull2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_den_Berg\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_der_MerweOliveEnokido-Lineham\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFברנע2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFלפקוביץ\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 8,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulletedlist\"] = 1,\n [\"CSS crop\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox 2023 Israel–Hamas war\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Gaza–Israel conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite SSRN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 132,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 475,\n [\"Coord\"] = 15,\n [\"Efn\"] = 11,\n [\"Excerpt\"] = 3,\n [\"Further\"] = 8,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Interlanguage link\"] = 12,\n [\"Israel–Hamas war\"] = 1,\n [\"Location map many\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 17,\n [\"More\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiref\"] = 3,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-extended\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rquote\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 12,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 6,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list citebundle\"] = 4,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 4,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n1 1 Francesca Albanese\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","1000","18.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","660","12.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","520","9.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","500","9.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","360","6.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","240","4.5"],["recursiveClone 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