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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Longitud+%28geografia%29" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Longitud+%28geografia%29" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la 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<span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Història-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Història</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-El_cronòmetre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_cronòmetre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>El cronòmetre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_cronòmetre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notació_i_càlcul_de_la_longitud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notació_i_càlcul_de_la_longitud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notació i càlcul de la longitud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notació_i_càlcul_de_la_longitud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moviment_de_plaques_i_longitud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moviment_de_plaques_i_longitud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Moviment de plaques i longitud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moviment_de_plaques_i_longitud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Càlcul_de_distància_respecte_d'un_grau_de_latitud_i_de_longitud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Càlcul_de_distància_respecte_d'un_grau_de_latitud_i_de_longitud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Càlcul de distància respecte d'un grau de latitud i de longitud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Càlcul_de_distància_respecte_d'un_grau_de_latitud_i_de_longitud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia_addicional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia_addicional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia addicional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia_addicional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Longitud (geografia)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 118 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengtegraad" title="Lengtegraad - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lengtegraad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografische_L%C3%A4nge" title="Geografische Länge - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geografische Länge" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonchitut_(cheograf%C3%ADa)" title="Lonchitut (cheografía) - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lonchitut (cheografía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84_(%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="طول (جغرافيا) - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طول (جغرافيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llonxit%C3%BA" title="Llonxitú - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llonxitú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="देशान्तर - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="देशान्तर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzunluq_dair%C9%99si" title="Uzunluq dairəsi - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Uzunluq dairəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%A1_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Оҙонлоҡ (координат) - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Оҙонлоҡ (координат)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Даўгата - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даўгата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Даўгата - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Даўгата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Географска дължина - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Географска дължина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="देशांतर - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="देशांतर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF" title="လောင်စီစျု - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လောင်စီစျု" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6" title="দ্রাঘিমাংশ - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্রাঘিমাংশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="གཞུང་ཐིག - tibetà" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གཞུང་ཐིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedred" title="Hedred - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hedred" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografska_du%C5%BEina" title="Geografska dužina - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Geografska dužina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ADng-d%C3%B4" title="Gĭng-dô - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gĭng-dô" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longhitud" title="Longhitud - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Longhitud" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%DA%B5%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C" title="ھێڵی درێژی - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێڵی درێژی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zem%C4%9Bpisn%C3%A1_d%C3%A9lka" title="Zeměpisná délka - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zeměpisná délka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D1%85_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Тăрăх (координат) - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăрăх (координат)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydred" title="Hydred - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hydred" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6ngdekreds" title="Længdekreds - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Længdekreds" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographische_L%C3%A4nge" title="Geographische Länge - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geographische Länge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridyen" title="Meridyen - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Meridyen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiska_dlinina" title="Geografiska dlinina - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Geografiska dlinina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BC%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Γεωγραφικό μήκος - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωγραφικό μήκος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Longitude" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudo" title="Longitudo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Longitudo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitud_(cartograf%C3%ADa)" title="Longitud (cartografía) - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Longitud (cartografía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograafiline_pikkus" title="Geograafiline pikkus - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Geograafiline pikkus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Longitude" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="طول جغرافیایی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طول جغرافیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituusaste" title="Pituusaste - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pituusaste" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Longitude" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograafisk_lengde" title="Geograafisk lengde - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Geograafisk lengde" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingtegraad" title="Lingtegraad - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lingtegraad" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domhanfhad" title="Domhanfhad - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Domhanfhad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonxitude_(cartograf%C3%ADa)" title="Lonxitude (cartografía) - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lonxitude (cartografía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9A" title="קו אורך - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קו אורך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="देशान्तर - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="देशान्तर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljopisna_du%C5%BEina" title="Zemljopisna dužina - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zemljopisna dužina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiska_do%C5%82hos%C4%87" title="Geografiska dołhosć - alt sòrab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Geografiska dołhosć" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alt sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonjitid" title="Lonjitid - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lonjitid" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աշխարհագրական երկայնություն - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աշխարհագրական երկայնություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garis_bujur" title="Garis bujur - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Garis bujur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Longitude" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitud" title="Longitud - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Longitud" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudo_(geografio)" title="Longitudo (geografio) - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Longitudo (geografio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengdargr%C3%A1%C3%B0a" title="Lengdargráða - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lengdargráða" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudine" title="Longitudine - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Longitudine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%8C%E5%BA%A6" title="経度 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="経度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garis_bujur" title="Garis bujur - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Garis bujur" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="გრძედი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრძედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Бойлық - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бойлық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EB%8F%84" title="경도 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="경도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AAl%C3%AElar" title="Hêlîlar - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hêlîlar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Узундук - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Узундук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudo_geographica" title="Longitudo geographica - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Longitudo geographica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographesch_L%C3%A4ngt" title="Geographesch Längt - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geographesch Längt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longit%C3%BCda" title="Longitüda - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Longitüda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monk%C9%94%CC%81l%C9%94%CC%81t%C9%94%CC%81_mola%C3%AD" title="Monkɔ́lɔ́tɔ́ molaí - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Monkɔ́lɔ́tɔ́ molaí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87" title="ເສັ້ນແວງ - laosià" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເສັ້ນແວງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilguma" title="Ilguma - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ilguma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A2eogr%C4%81fiskais_garums" title="Ģeogrāfiskais garums - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģeogrāfiskais garums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="देशान्तर - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="देशान्तर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laharan-jara_hasina" title="Laharan-jara hasina - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Laharan-jara hasina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Кутык - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кутык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Географска должина - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Географска должина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="രേഖാംശം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രേഖാംശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="रेखांश - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेखांश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitud" title="Longitud - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Longitud" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0" title="လောင်ဂျီကျူ - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လောင်ဂျီကျူ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengtegraod" title="Lengtegraod - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Lengtegraod" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="देशान्तर - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="देशान्तर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengtegraad" title="Lengtegraad - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lengtegraad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengdegrad" title="Lengdegrad - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lengdegrad" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengdegrad" title="Lengdegrad - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lengdegrad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitud" title="Longitud - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Longitud" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sararran_Gadee" title="Sararran Gadee - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sararran Gadee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%98%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE" title="ଦ୍ରାଘିମା - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଦ୍ରାଘିମା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Дæргъад - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дæргъад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%82ugo%C5%9B%C4%87_geograficzna" title="Długość geograficzna - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Długość geograficzna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF" title="طول بلد - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="طول بلد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Longitude" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudine" title="Longitudine - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Longitudine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Долгота - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Долгота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loncit%C3%B9dini" title="Loncitùdini - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Loncitùdini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografska_du%C5%BEina" title="Geografska dužina - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geografska dužina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Longitude" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemepisn%C3%A1_d%C4%BA%C5%BEka" title="Zemepisná dĺžka - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zemepisná dĺžka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF" title="طول بلد - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="طول بلد" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljepisna_dol%C5%BEina" title="Zemljepisna dolžina - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zemljepisna dolžina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitambariko_yeTaranyika" title="Mitambariko yeTaranyika - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mitambariko yeTaranyika" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhigaha" title="Dhigaha - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhigaha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjat%C3%ABsia_gjeografike" title="Gjatësia gjeografike - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjatësia gjeografike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Географска дужина - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Географска дужина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garis_Nangtung" title="Garis Nangtung - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Garis Nangtung" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitud" title="Longitud - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Longitud" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudo" title="Longitudo - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Longitudo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugo%C5%9B%C4%87_geograficzno" title="Dugość geograficzno - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Dugość geograficzno" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="நிலநிரைக்கோடு - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலநிரைக்கோடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="రేఖాంశం - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రేఖాంశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94" title="ลองจิจูด - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลองจิจูด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longhitud" title="Longhitud - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Longhitud" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boylam" title="Boylam - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boylam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Довгота - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Довгота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF" title="طول بلد - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طول بلد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudine" title="Longitudine - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Longitudine" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_%C4%91%E1%BB%99" title="Kinh độ - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengtegroad" title="Lengtegroad - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Lengtegroad" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitud" title="Longitud - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Longitud" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tus-wu-taxaw" title="Tus-wu-taxaw - wòlof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tus-wu-taxaw" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wòlof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="经度 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="经度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="经度 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="经度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keng-t%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Keng-tō͘ - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Keng-tō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93" title="經 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="經" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36477#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Longitud_(geografia)" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Longitud_(geografia)" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Longitud_(geografia)"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Longitud_(geografia)"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Longitud_(geografia)" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Longitud_(geografia)" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&oldid=34214530" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Longitud_%28geografia%29&id=34214530&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLongitud_%28geografia%29"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLongitud_%28geografia%29"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Longitud+%28geografia%29"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Longitud_%28geografia%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Longitudes" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36477" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>longitud</b>, de vegades representada per la lletra grega λ (<a href="/wiki/Lambda" title="Lambda">lambda</a>), descriu la localització d'un punt determinat de la <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a> respecte a una línia nord-sud anomenada <a href="/wiki/Meridi%C3%A0_de_Greenwich" title="Meridià de Greenwich">Meridià de Greenwich</a>, els punts poden ser a l'<a href="/wiki/Est" title="Est">est</a> o a l'<a href="/wiki/Oest" title="Oest">oest</a> d'aquesta línia.<sup id="cite_ref-gec_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dlc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dlc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La longitud es dona com una <a href="/wiki/Angle" title="Angle">mesura angular</a> que va de 0°, per als punts que són sobre la línia del Meridià de Greenwich, fins als +180° per als punts situats a l'est i fins als -180° per als punts situats a l'oest. Contràriament a la <a href="/wiki/Latitud" title="Latitud">latitud</a> que té a l'<a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnia_equatorial" title="Línia equatorial">equador</a> una línia natural de partida, en el cas de la longitud no existeix aquesta possibilitat i el <a href="/wiki/Meridi%C3%A0" title="Meridià">meridià</a> de partida ha de ser escollit de manera arbitrària. El <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a> la <i>Conferència Internacional del Meridià</i> va adoptar el Meridià de Greenwich com el meridià de referència, la longitud 0°. </p><p>Cada grau de longitud se subdivideix en 60 <a href="/wiki/Minut_d%27arc" title="Minut d'arc">minuts</a>, cadascun dividit en 60 segons d'arc. És a dir, la longitud s'expressa amb una notació <a href="/wiki/Sexagesimal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexagesimal">sexagesimal</a>, per exemple la longitud d'un punt s'escriuria com <i>2°10′ 17" E</i> (l'exemple és de la ciutat de <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>). </p><p>La longitud és una coordenada geogràfica que s'utilitza en cartografia i navegació. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_la_longitud" title="Història de la longitud">Història de la longitud</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Longitude_Vespucci.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Longitude_Vespucci.png/220px-Longitude_Vespucci.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Longitude_Vespucci.png/330px-Longitude_Vespucci.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Longitude_Vespucci.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>sistema de determinar la longitud d'Amerigo Vespucci</figcaption></figure> <p>El concepte de longitud va ser desenvolupat per primer cop pels astrònoms grecs antics. <a href="/wiki/Hiparc_de_Nicea" title="Hiparc de Nicea">Hiparc</a> (segle II aC) va utilitzar un sistema de coordenades que suposava una Terra esfèrica, i la va dividir en 360° com encara fem avui. El seu <a href="/wiki/Meridi%C3%A0_zero" title="Meridià zero">Meridià zero</a> va passar per <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dicks_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dicks-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> També va proposar un mètode per determinar la longitud comparant l'hora local d'un <a href="/wiki/Eclipsi_de_Lluna" title="Eclipsi de Lluna">eclipsi lunar</a> en dos llocs diferents, demostrant així una comprensió de la relació entre la longitud i el temps.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Claudi_Ptolemeu" title="Claudi Ptolemeu">Claudi Ptolemeu</a> (segle II d.C.) va desenvolupar un sistema de mapes utilitzant paral·lels corbes que reduïen la distorsió. També va recopilar dades de moltes ubicacions, des de la Gran Bretanya fins a l'Orient Mitjà. Va utilitzar un meridià principal a través de les illes Canàries, de manera que tots els valors de longitud fossin positius. Tot i que el sistema de Ptolemeu era sòlid, les dades que utilitzava sovint eren pobres, la qual cosa va provocar una sobreestimació bruta (aproximadament un 70%) de la longitud del Mediterrani.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bunbury_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bunbury-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Després de la caiguda de l'imperi romà, l'interès per la geografia va disminuir molt a Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright1925_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright1925-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els astrònoms hindús i musulmans van continuar desenvolupant aquestes idees, afegint moltes ubicacions noves i sovint millorant les dades de Ptolemeu.<sup id="cite_ref-Ragep_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ragep-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tibbett_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tibbett-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per exemple, <a href="/wiki/Al-Battan%C3%AD" title="Al-Battaní">Al-Battaní</a> va utilitzar observacions simultànies de dos eclipsis lunars per determinar la diferència de longitud entre <a href="/wiki/Antioquia" title="Antioquia">Antioquia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ar-Raqq%C3%A0" title="Ar-Raqqà">Ar-Raqqà</a> amb un error de menys d'1°. Es considera que això és el millor que es pot aconseguir amb els mètodes disponibles aleshores: observació de l'eclipsi a ull nu i determinació de l'hora local mitjançant un <a href="/wiki/Astrolabi" title="Astrolabi">astrolabi</a> per mesurar l'altitud d'una <i>estrella de rellotge</i> adequada.<sup id="cite_ref-Said2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Said2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A la Baixa Edat Mitjana, l'interès per la geografia va reviure a l'oest, a mesura que augmentaven els viatges i es va començar a conèixer l'erudició àrab a través del contacte amb Espanya i el nord d'Àfrica. Al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span>, es van preparar taules astronòmiques per a diverses ciutats europees, basades en el treball d’<a href="/wiki/Az-Zarqal%C3%AD" title="Az-Zarqalí">Az-Zarqalí</a> a <a href="/wiki/Toledo" title="Toledo">Toledo</a>. L'eclipsi lunar del 12 de setembre de 1178 es va utilitzar per establir les diferències de longitud entre Toledo, <a href="/wiki/Marsella" title="Marsella">Marsella</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright1923_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright1923-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B2for_Colom" title="Cristòfor Colom">Cristòfor Colom</a> va fer dos intents d'utilitzar els eclipsis lunars per descobrir la seva longitud, el primer a <a href="/wiki/Illa_Saona" title="Illa Saona">l'illa de Saona</a>, el 14 de setembre de 1494 (segon viatge), i el segon a <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> el 29 de febrer de 1504 (quart viatge). Se suposa que va utilitzar taules astronòmiques com a referència. Les seves determinacions de longitud van mostrar grans errors de 13° i 38° O respectivament.<sup id="cite_ref-Pickering_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pickering-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Randles (1985) documenta la mesura de la longitud dels portuguesos i espanyols entre 1514 i 1627 tant a Amèrica com a Àsia. Els errors oscil·laven entre 2° i 25°.<sup id="cite_ref-Randles_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Randles-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mentre la <a href="/wiki/Latitud" title="Latitud">latitud</a> es calculava segons la inclinació dels estels o el Sol fent servir un quadrant o un astrolabi, calia un altre sistema per la longitud i <a href="/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci" title="Amerigo Vespucci">Amerigo Vespucci</a> potser va ser el primer a proposar una solució observant la Lluna i Mart, però el seu mètode tenia moltes limitacions.<sup id="cite_ref-BandiniVespucci1745_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BandiniVespucci1745-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i></i> </p><p>El 1612, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> va proposar l'ús d'un rellotge universal. El telescopi es va inventar a principis del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span>. Inicialment, un dispositiu d'observació, els desenvolupaments durant el següent mig segle el van transformar en una eina de mesura precisa.<sup id="cite_ref-Pannekoek_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pannekoek-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Van_Helden_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_Helden-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El <a href="/wiki/Rellotge_de_p%C3%A8ndola" title="Rellotge de pèndola">rellotge de pèndol</a> va ser patentat per <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a> el 1657<sup id="cite_ref-Grimbergen_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grimbergen-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i va donar un augment de la precisió d'unes 30 vegades respecte als rellotges mecànics anteriors.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquests dos invents revolucionarien l'astronomia observacional i la cartografia.<sup id="cite_ref-Olmsted_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olmsted-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A terra, el període des del desenvolupament dels telescopis i rellotges de pèndol fins a mitjans del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span> va veure un augment constant del nombre de llocs la longitud dels quals s'havia determinat amb una precisió raonable, sovint amb errors de menys d'un grau, i gairebé sempre dins 2° a 3°. A la dècada de 1720 els errors eren constantment inferiors a 1°.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al mar durant el mateix període, la situació era molt diferent. Dos problemes van resultar insolubles. El primer va ser la necessitat d'un navegador per obtenir resultats immediats. El segon va ser el medi marí. Fer observacions precises en l'onatge oceànic és molt més difícil que a terra, i els rellotges de pèndol no funcionen bé en aquestes condicions. </p><p>El 1714 el govern britànic va establir un premi per a un cronòmetre utilitzable a bord dels vaixells. <a href="/wiki/John_Harrison" title="John Harrison">John Harrison</a>, va inventar aquest cronòmetre, però resultava molt car i es va continuar fent servir la distància de la Lluna. Els rellotges creats per l'anglès John Harrison, que en va a construir fins a 5 versions diferents, aconseguint premis del Board of longitude. Els tres primers no es podien utilitzar al mar amb mal temps, a causa de les seves grans dimensions i pes, aconseguint una precisió d'un terç de segon al dia. De totes maneres no hi havia dos cronòmetres que marquessin igual i es va optar per la redundància triple:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> de tres rellotges s'agafava la mitjana dels dos que estaven més a prop, i malgrat tenir els cronòmetres, fins a finals del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, tots els mariners van navegar per <a href="/wiki/Dist%C3%A0ncies_lunars" class="mw-redirect" title="Distàncies lunars">distàncies lunars</a> és a dir amb les Taules de Mendoza, pagades pel Baronet Banks, el que va sufragar les expedicions de Cook.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> es va combinar el cronòmetre amb el telègraf sense fils. Fins a l'adopció universal del <a href="/wiki/Meridi%C3%A0_de_Greenwich" title="Meridià de Greenwich">meridià de Greenwich</a> s'havien fet servir com a referència <a href="/wiki/El_Hierro" title="El Hierro">El Hierro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhaguen" title="Copenhaguen">Copenhaguen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant_Petersburg" title="Sant Petersburg">Sant Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a>, Filadèlfia (Pensilvània) i <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>. </p><p>Modernament, el problema del posicionament precís dels navilis s'ha solucionat gràcies al GPS. El sistema <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> (Global Positioning System) està basat en la localització mitjançant senyals que es reben d'un conjunt de satèl·lits artificials que orbiten al voltant de la Terra. El receptor rep els senyals d'aquests satèl·lits i mitjançant triangulació pot conèixer la seva posició amb només uns metres de marge d'error, el valor dels quals varia depenent principalment de condicions ambientals (nuvolositat, clima, pluja), tipus de relleu des del qual s'estigui mesurant com a fondalades, zones accidentades o boscos (cal rebre el senyal d'almenys tres satèl·lits) i de la qualitat de l'aparell receptor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="El_cronòmetre"><span id="El_cron.C3.B2metre"></span>El cronòmetre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: El cronòmetre"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Harrison_H4_clockwork_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Harrison_H4_clockwork_1.jpg/220px-Harrison_H4_clockwork_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Harrison_H4_clockwork_1.jpg/330px-Harrison_H4_clockwork_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Harrison_H4_clockwork_1.jpg/440px-Harrison_H4_clockwork_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption> El rellotge del <a href="/wiki/Cron%C3%B2metre_n%C3%A0utic" title="Cronòmetre nàutic">cronòmetre marí H4</a> de <a href="/wiki/John_Harrison" title="John Harrison">John Harrison</a> s'exhibeix al <a href="/wiki/Observatori_Reial_de_Greenwich" title="Observatori Reial de Greenwich">Observatori Reial de Greenwich</a></figcaption></figure> <p>En resposta als problemes de navegació, diverses potències marítimes europees van oferir premis per un mètode per determinar la longitud al mar. La més coneguda d'aquestes és la Longitude Act aprovada pel parlament britànic el 1714.<sup id="cite_ref-Siegel_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siegel-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oferia dos nivells de recompenses, per a solucions a 1° i 0,5°. Es van donar recompenses per dues solucions: les distàncies lunars, fetes practicables per les taules de <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Mayer" title="Tobias Mayer">Tobias Mayer</a><sup id="cite_ref-Forbes2006_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> desenvolupades en un <a href="/wiki/Almanac_n%C3%A0utic" title="Almanac nàutic">almanac nàutic</a> per l’<a href="/wiki/Astr%C3%B2nom_reial" title="Astrònom reial">Astrònom reial</a> <a href="/wiki/Nevil_Maskelyne" title="Nevil Maskelyne">Nevil Maskelyne</a>; i per als cronòmetres desenvolupats pel fuster i rellotger de Yorkshire <a href="/wiki/John_Harrison" title="John Harrison">John Harrison</a>. Harrison va construir cinc cronòmetres durant més de tres dècades. Aquest treball va ser recolzat i recompensat amb milers de lliures de la Junta de Longitud,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> però va lluitar per rebre diners fins a la màxima recompensa de 20.000 lliures, finalment va rebre un pagament addicional el 1773 després de la intervenció del parlament. Va passar un temps abans que qualsevol dels dos mètodes es fes servir àmpliament en la navegació. En els primers anys, els cronòmetres eren molt cars i els càlculs necessaris per a les distàncies lunars encara eren complexos i requerien molt de temps. Les distàncies lunars van entrar en ús general després de 1790.<sup id="cite_ref-Wess2015_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wess2015-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els cronòmetres tenien l'avantatge que tant les observacions com els càlculs eren més senzills, i a mesura que es van abaratir a principis del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> van començar a substituir els lunars, que poques vegades s'utilitzaven després de 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-Littlehales_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Littlehales-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els primers <a href="/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia">telègrafs</a> en funcionament van ser establerts a Gran Bretanya per <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Wheatstone</a> i Cooke el 1839, i als Estats Units per <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Morse</a> el 1844. Ràpidament es va adonar que el telègraf es podia utilitzar per transmetre un senyal de temps per a la determinació de la longitud.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_1850_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker_1850-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El mètode aviat es va utilitzar a la pràctica per a la determinació de la longitud, especialment a Amèrica del Nord, i a distàncies cada cop més llargues a mesura que la xarxa de telègrafs es va expandir, inclosa l'Europa occidental amb la finalització dels cables transatlàntics. El United States Coast Survey, rebatejat com a United States Coast and Geodetic Survey el 1878, va ser especialment actiu en aquest desenvolupament, i no només als Estats Units. L'investigació va establir cadenes de llocs cartografiats a través d'Amèrica Central i del Sud, i les Índies Occidentals, i fins al Japó i la Xina durant els anys 1874–90. Això va contribuir molt a la cartografia precisa d'aquestes zones.<sup id="cite_ref-Knox_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Green1883_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green1883-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tot i que els mariners es van beneficiar de les cartes precises, no van poder rebre senyals telegràfics mentre estaven en marxa, i per tant no van poder utilitzar el mètode per a la navegació. Això va canviar quan la telegrafia sense fil (ràdio) va estar disponible a principis del segle XX.<sup id="cite_ref-Munro1902_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munro1902-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els senyals horàries sense fil per a l'ús de vaixells es van transmetre des de <a href="/wiki/Halifax" title="Halifax">Halifax, Nova Escòcia</a>, a partir de 1907<sup id="cite_ref-Hutchnson_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutchnson-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i des de la <a href="/wiki/Torre_Eiffel" title="Torre Eiffel">Torre Eiffel</a> de París des de 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1913_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1913-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquests senyals permetien als navegants comprovar i ajustar els seus cronòmetres amb freqüència.<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmerman_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmerman-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els sistemes de radionavegació van entrar en ús general després de <a href="/wiki/Segona_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segona Guerra Mundial">la Segona Guerra Mundial</a>. Tots els sistemes depenien de transmissions de balises de navegació fixes. Un receptor a bord del vaixell va calcular la posició del vaixell a partir d'aquestes transmissions.<sup id="cite_ref-Pierce_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pierce-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van permetre una navegació precisa quan la mala visibilitat impedia les observacions astronòmiques i es va convertir en el mètode establert per a l'enviament comercial fins que va ser substituït pel <a href="/wiki/Sistema_de_posicionament_global" title="Sistema de posicionament global">GPS</a> a principis dels anys noranta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notació_i_càlcul_de_la_longitud"><span id="Notaci.C3.B3_i_c.C3.A0lcul_de_la_longitud"></span>Notació i càlcul de la longitud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Notació i càlcul de la longitud"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La longitud és donada per la mesura d'un angle entre 0° del <a href="/wiki/Meridi%C3%A0" title="Meridià">meridià</a> de referència i +180° cap a l'est i -180° cap a l'oest. </p><p>Cada grau de longitud es subdivideix entre 60 minuts d'arc i cadascun es subdivideix en 60 segons d'arc. Per a una precisió més gran els segons s'especifiquen en fraccions decimals. Una representació alternativa fa servir graus i minuts on les parts dels minuts s'expressen en notació decimal com per exemple: : <i>23.45833° E</i>. Expressat en radians s'expressa com una fracció del nombre pi (π) o de 2π. </p><p>En els càlculs es substitueix W/E per un signe negatiu. Essent preferible que el negatiu estigui en les longituds oest. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Latitud" title="Latitud">Latitud</a> d'un punt pot ser determinada a base de calcular la diferència de temps <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>. Essent les 24 hores del dia 360° en un cercle i el Sol es mou 15º per hora. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moviment_de_plaques_i_longitud">Moviment de plaques i longitud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Moviment de plaques i longitud"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cada placa terrestre es mou en direccions diferents amb velocitats d'uns 50 a 100 mm per any.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Com a resultat, per exemple, la a Uganda entre un punt de l'Equador a Uganda i un altre punt de l'Equador a Amèrica és de 0.0014 segons d'arc per any </p><p>Quan es fa servir referències com <a href="/wiki/WGS84" title="WGS84">WGS84</a> per minimitzar els canvis es fan servir marcs de referència en cada placa <a href="/w/index.php?title=NAD83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NAD83 (encara no existeix)">NAD83</a> per Amèrica del Nord o <a href="/wiki/ETRS89" class="mw-redirect" title="ETRS89">ETRS89</a> per a Europa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Càlcul_de_distància_respecte_d'un_grau_de_latitud_i_de_longitud"><span id="C.C3.A0lcul_de_dist.C3.A0ncia_respecte_d.27un_grau_de_latitud_i_de_longitud"></span>Càlcul de distància respecte d'un grau de latitud i de longitud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Càlcul de distància respecte d'un grau de latitud i de longitud"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Latitud</th> <th>Radi N-S<br />de curvatura<br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M\;\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M\;\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0bfcca9ebda43721362b2d2c3ac01fdb1d6bad32" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:3.087ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M\;\!}"></span></th> <th>Distància superficial<br /> per 1° de canvi<br /> en latitud</th> <th></th> <th>Radi E-W<br /> de curvatura<br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N\;\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N\;\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4571eb7a2ec0b21bd639f55bc5329f54c699a94a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.709ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N\;\!}"></span></th> <th>Distància superficial<br /> per 1° de canvi<br /> en longitud </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td>0°</td> <td>6335.44 km</td> <td>110.574 km</td> <td></td> <td>6378.14 km</td> <td>111.320 km </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td>15°</td> <td>6339.70 km</td> <td>110.649 km</td> <td></td> <td>6379.57 km</td> <td>107.551 km </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td>30°</td> <td>6351.38 km</td> <td>110.852 km</td> <td></td> <td>6383.48 km</td> <td>96.486 km </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td>45°</td> <td>6367.38 km</td> <td>111.132 km</td> <td></td> <td>6388.84 km</td> <td>78.847 km </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td>60°</td> <td>6383.45 km</td> <td>111.412 km</td> <td></td> <td>6394.21 km</td> <td>55.800 km </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td>75°</td> <td>6395.26 km</td> <td>111.618 km</td> <td></td> <td>6398.15 km</td> <td>28.902 km </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td>90°</td> <td>6399.59 km</td> <td>111.694 km</td> <td></td> <td>6399.59 km</td> <td>0.000 km </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gec-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gec_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/longitud">Longitud</a>».  Enciclopèdia Catalana. [Consulta: 24 maig 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dlc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dlc_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlc.iec.cat/Results?DecEntradaText=longitud">Longitud</a>». <i>Diccionari General de la Llengua Catalana</i>.  Institut d'Estudis Catalans. [Consulta: 24 maig 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dicks-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dicks_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF1953"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720566"><i></i></a> (Tesi), 1953.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethos.bl.uk%2FOrderDetails.do%3Fuin%3Duk.bl.ethos.720566"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414082903/https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720566">Arxivat</a> 2021-04-14 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHoffman2016"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hoffman</span>, Susanne M. «How time served to measure the geographical position since Hellenism». A: Arias. <i>The Science of Time</i>. 50.  Springer International, 2016, p. 25–36 (Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings). <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59909-0_4">10.1007/978-3-319-59909-0_4</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-3-319-59908-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-3-319-59908-3">ISBN 978-3-319-59908-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Time&rft.atitle=How+time+served+to+measure+the+geographical+position+since+Hellenism&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Susanne+M.&rft.date=2016&rft.pub=Springer+International&rft.pages=25%E2%80%9336&rft.series=Astrophysics+and+Space+Science+Proceedings&rft.isbn=978-3-319-59908-3&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2F978-3-319-59909-0_4"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMittenhuber2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mittenhuber</span>, Florian. «The Tradition of Texts and Maps in Ptolemy's Geography». A: Jones. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ptolemyperspecti00jone"><i>Ptolemy in Perspective: Use and Criticism of his Work from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century</i></a>. 23.  Dordrecht: Springer, 2010, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ptolemyperspecti00jone/page/n106">95</a>-119 (Archimedes). <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2788-7_4">10.1007/978-90-481-2788-7_4</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-90-481-2787-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-90-481-2787-0">ISBN 978-90-481-2787-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ptolemy+in+Perspective%3A+Use+and+Criticism+of+his+Work+from+Antiquity+to+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.atitle=The+Tradition+of+Texts+and+Maps+in+Ptolemy%27s+Geography&rft.aulast=Mittenhuber&rft.aufirst=Florian&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=Springer&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fptolemyperspecti00jone%2Fpage%2Fn106+95%5D-119&rft.series=Archimedes&rft.isbn=978-90-481-2787-0&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2F978-90-481-2788-7_4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fptolemyperspecti00jone"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bunbury-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bunbury_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBunbury1879"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bunbury</span>, E.H.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancientgeographybunburye.h.vol21879_648_H"><i>A History of Ancient Geography</i></a>. 2.  John Murray, 1879.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Geography&rft.aulast=Bunbury&rft.aufirst=E.H.&rft.date=1879&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofancientgeographybunburye.h.vol21879_648_H"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFShcheglov2016"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Shcheglov</span>, Dmitry A. <i>The Cartographic Journal</i>, 53, 1, 2016, pàg. 3–14. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016CartJ..53....3S">2016CartJ..53....3S</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1179%2F1743277414Y.0000000098">10.1179/1743277414Y.0000000098</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright1925-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wright1925_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWright1925"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Wright</span>, John Kirtland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geographicallore00wrig"><i>The geographical lore of the time of the Crusades: A study in the history of medieval science and tradition in Western Europe</i></a>.  American geographical society, 1925.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+geographical+lore+of+the+time+of+the+Crusades%3A+A+study+in+the+history+of+medieval+science+and+tradition+in+Western+Europe&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=John+Kirtland&rft.date=1925&rft.pub=American+geographical+society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeographicallore00wrig"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ragep-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ragep_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRagep2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ragep</span>, F.Jamil. «Islamic reactions to Ptolemy's imprecisions». A: Jones. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authors.library.caltech.edu/21360/"><i>Ptolemy in Perspective</i></a>. 23.  Dordrecht: Springer, 2010 (Archimedes). <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2788-7">10.1007/978-90-481-2788-7</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-90-481-2788-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-90-481-2788-7">ISBN 978-90-481-2788-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ptolemy+in+Perspective&rft.atitle=Islamic+reactions+to+Ptolemy%27s+imprecisions&rft.aulast=Ragep&rft.aufirst=F.Jamil&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=Springer&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.series=Archimedes&rft.isbn=978-90-481-2788-7&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2F978-90-481-2788-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fauthors.library.caltech.edu%2F21360%2F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707133906/https://authors.library.caltech.edu/21360/">Arxivat</a> 2022-07-07 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tibbett-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tibbett_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFTibbetts1992"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tibbetts</span>, Gerald R. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.uchicago.edu/books/HOC/HOC_V2_B1/HOC_VOLUME2_Book1_chapter4.pdf">The Beginnings of a Cartographic Tradition</a>». A: Harley. <i>The History of Cartography Vol. 2 Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies</i>.  University of Chicago Press, 1992.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Cartography+Vol.+2+Cartography+in+the+Traditional+Islamic+and+South+Asian+Societies&rft.atitle=The+Beginnings+of+a+Cartographic+Tradition&rft.aulast=Tibbetts&rft.aufirst=Gerald+R.&rft.date=1992&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Said2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Said2_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSaidStevenson1997"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Said</span>, S.S.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Stevenson</span>, F.R. <i>Journal for the History of Astronomy</i>, 28, 1, 1997, pàg. 29–48. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JHA....28...29S">1997JHA....28...29S</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F002182869702800103">10.1177/002182869702800103</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright1923-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wright1923_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWright1923"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Wright</span>, John Kirtland <i>Isis</i>, 5, 1, 1923. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1922nkll.book.....W">1922nkll.book.....W</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pickering-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pickering_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPickering1996"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pickering</span>, Keith <i>The Journal of Navigation</i>, 49, 1, 1996, pàg. 96–111. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996JNav...49...95P">1996JNav...49...95P</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS037346330001314X">10.1017/S037346330001314X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Randles-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Randles_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRandles1985"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Randles</span>, W.G.L. <i>Vistas in Astronomy</i>, 28, 1, 1985, pàg. 235–241. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985VA.....28..235R">1985VA.....28..235R</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0083-6656%2885%2990031-5">10.1016/0083-6656(85)90031-5</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BandiniVespucci1745-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BandiniVespucci1745_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Angelo Maria Bandini. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=2mY9AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA72"><i>Vita e lettere di Amerigo Vespucci: gentiluomo fiorentino, raccolte e illustrate dall'abate Angelo Maria Bandini</i></a>.  Nella stamperia all'insegna di Appolo, 1745, p. 72– [Consulta: 4 maig 2011].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vita+e+lettere+di+Amerigo+Vespucci%3A+gentiluomo+fiorentino%2C+raccolte+e+illustrate+dall%27abate+Angelo+Maria+Bandini&rft.au=Angelo+Maria+Bandini&rft.date=1745&rft.pub=Nella+stamperia+all%27insegna+di+Appolo&rft.pages=72%E2%80%93&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2mY9AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA72"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vespucci, Amerigo. "Letter from Seville to Lorenzo di Pier Francesco de' Medici, 1500." Pohl, Frederick J. <b>Amerigo Vespucci: Pilot Major</b>. Nova York: Columbia University Press, 1945. 76-90. Page 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pannekoek-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pannekoek_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPannekoek1989"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pannekoek</span>, Anton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofastrono0000pann"><i>A history of astronomy</i></a>.  Courier Corporation, 1989, p. 259–276.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+astronomy&rft.aulast=Pannekoek&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft.date=1989&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.pages=259%E2%80%93276&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofastrono0000pann"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_Helden-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Van_Helden_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFVan_Helden1974"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Van Helden</span>, Albert <i>Isis</i>, 65, 1, 1974, pàg. 38–58. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F351216">10.1086/351216</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/228880">228880</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grimbergen-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Grimbergen_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> (2004) "" a <i>Titan - From Discovery to Encounter</i>. </cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=proceeding&rft.btitle=&rft.atitle="> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBlumenthalNosonovsky2020"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Blumenthal</span>, Aaron S.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Nosonovsky</span>, Michael <i>Applied Mechanics</i>, 1, 2, 2020, pàg. 111–122. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fapplmech1020008">10.3390/applmech1020008</a> [Consulta: free].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olmsted-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Olmsted_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFOlmsted1960"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Olmsted</span>, J.W. <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>, 104, 6, 1960, pàg. 612–634. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/985537">985537</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Port Royal, Jamaica: <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHalley1722"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Halley</span>, Edmond <i>Philosophical Transactions</i>, 32, 370–380, 1722, pàg. 235–236.</span>; Buenos Aires: <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHalley1722"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Halley</span>, Edm. <i>Philosophical Transactions</i>, 32, 370–380, 1722, pàg. 2–4.</span>Santa Catarina, Brazil: <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLeggeAtwell1743"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Legge</span>, Edward; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Atwell</span>, Joseph <i>Philosophical Transactions</i>, 42, 462, 1743, pàg. 18–19.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBrooks1995"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Brooks</span>, Frederick J. <i>The Mythical Man-Month</i>, 1995, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythicalmonth00broo/page/64">64</a>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-201-83595-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-201-83595-3">ISBN 978-0-201-83595-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mythical+Man-Month&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Frederick+J.&rft.date=1995&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmythicalmonth00broo%2Fpage%2F64+64%5D&rft.isbn=978-0-201-83595-3"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520040104/http://www.irbs.com/lists/navigation/0107/0066.html">Re: Longitude as a Romance</a>».  Irbs.com, Navigation mailing list, 12-07-2001. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irbs.com/lists/navigation/0107/0066.html">original</a> el 20 de mayo de 2011. [Consulta: 16 febrer 2009].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">R. Fitzroy. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=F10.2&pageseq=41">Volume II: Proceedings of the Second Expedition</a>» p. 18.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siegel-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Siegel_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSiegel2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Siegel</span>, Jonathan R. <i>Tulane Law Review</i>, 84, 2009, pàg. 1–66.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes2006-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Forbes2006_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFForbes2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Forbes</span>, Eric Gray <i>Annals of Science</i>, 22, 2, 2006, pàg. 105–116. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F00033796600203075">10.1080/00033796600203075</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-3790">0003-3790</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122155948/https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/there-was-no-such-thing-longitude-prize">There was no such thing as the Longitude Prize</a>» (en anglès). <i>Royal Museums Greenwich</i>, 07-03-2012. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmg.co.uk/discover/behind-the-scenes/blog/there-was-no-such-thing-longitude-prize">original</a> el 2023-01-22. [Consulta: 27 gener 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wess2015-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wess2015_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWess2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Wess</span>, Jane. «Navigation and Mathematics: A Match Made in the Heavens?». A: Dunn. <i>Navigational Enterprises in Europe and its Empires, 1730-1850</i>.  Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015, p. 201–222. <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137520647_11">10.1057/9781137520647_11</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-349-56744-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-349-56744-7">ISBN 978-1-349-56744-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Navigational+Enterprises+in+Europe+and+its+Empires%2C+1730-1850&rft.atitle=Navigation+and+Mathematics%3A+A+Match+Made+in+the+Heavens%3F&rft.aulast=Wess&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2015&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.pages=201%E2%80%93222&rft.isbn=978-1-349-56744-7&rft_id=info:doi/10.1057%2F9781137520647_11"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Littlehales-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Littlehales_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLittlehales1909"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Littlehales</span>, G.W. <i>Bulletin of the American Geographical Society</i>, 41, 2, 1909, pàg. 83–86. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F200792">10.2307/200792</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/200792">200792</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker_1850-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Walker_1850_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWalker1850"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Walker</span>, Sears C <i>American Journal of Science and Arts</i>, 10, 28, 1850, pàg. 151–160.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knox-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Knox_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKnox1957"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Knox</span>, Robert W. <i>Geographical Review</i>, 47, 4, 1957, pàg. 555–563. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F211865">10.2307/211865</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/211865">211865</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green1883-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Green1883_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGreen1883"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Green</span>, Francis Mathews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177254"><i>Telegraphic Determination of Longitudes in Japan, China, and the East Indies: Embracing the Meridians of Yokohama, Nagasaki, Wladiwostok, Shanghai, Amoy, Hong-Kong, Manila, Cape St. James, Singapore, Batavia, and Madras, with the Latitude of the Several Stations</i></a>.  Washington: US Hydrographic Office, 1883.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Telegraphic+Determination+of+Longitudes+in+Japan%2C+China%2C+and+the+East+Indies%3A+Embracing+the+Meridians+of+Yokohama%2C+Nagasaki%2C+Wladiwostok%2C+Shanghai%2C+Amoy%2C+Hong-Kong%2C+Manila%2C+Cape+St.+James%2C+Singapore%2C+Batavia%2C+and+Madras%2C+with+the+Latitude+of+the+Several+Stations&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Francis+Mathews&rft.date=1883&rft.pub=US+Hydrographic+Office&rft.place=Washington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.177254"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Munro1902-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Munro1902_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMunro1902"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Munro</span>, John <i>Nature</i>, 66, 1713, 1902, pàg. 416. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1902Natur..66..416M">1902Natur..66..416M</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F066416d0">10.1038/066416d0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a> [Consulta: 26 setembre 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hutchnson-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hutchnson_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHutchinson1908"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hutchinson</span>, D.L. <i>Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada</i>, Ser. 3 Vol. 2, 1908, pàg. 153–154.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lockyer1913-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1913_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLockyer1913"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lockyer</span>, William J. S. <i>Nature</i>, 91, 2263, 1913, pàg. 33–36. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1913Natur..91...33L">1913Natur..91...33L</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F091033b0">10.1038/091033b0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a> [Consulta: free].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zimmerman-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zimmerman_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Zimmerman</span>, Arthur E. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200711122417/https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/50-the_first_wireless_time_signals_to_ships_at_sea.pdf">The first wireless time signals to ships at sea</a>». <i>antiquewireless.org</i>.  Antique Wireless Association. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/50-the_first_wireless_time_signals_to_ships_at_sea.pdf">original</a> el 11 juliol 2020. [Consulta: 9 juliol 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pierce-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pierce_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPierce1946"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pierce</span>, J.A. <i>Proceedings of the IRE</i>, 34, 5, 1946, pàg. 216–234. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109%2FJRPROC.1946.234564">10.1109/JRPROC.1946.234564</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Read HH, Watson Janet. <i>Introduction to Geology</i>.  Nova York: Halsted, 1975, p. 13–15.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Geology&rft.au=Read+HH%2C+Watson+Janet&rft.date=1975&rft.pub=Halsted&rft.place=Nova+York&rft.pages=13%E2%80%9315"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia_addicional">Bibliografia addicional</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia addicional"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Andrews</span>, William J. H.. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/questforlongitud0000long"><i>The Quest for Longitude</i></a>, 1996. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-9644329-0-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-9644329-0-1">ISBN 978-0-9644329-0-1</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/59617314">59617314</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quest+for+Longitude&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=William+J.+H.&rft.date=1996&rft.place=%5B%5BCambridge%2C+Massachusetts%5D%5D&rft.isbn=978-0-9644329-0-1&rft_id=info:oclcnum/59617314&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquestforlongitud0000long"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Howse</span>, Derek. Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greenwichtimedis0000hows"><i>Greenwich Time and the Discovery of the Longitude</i></a>, 1980. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-19-215948-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-19-215948-9">ISBN 978-0-19-215948-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greenwich+Time+and+the+Discovery+of+the+Longitude&rft.aulast=Howse&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-19-215948-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreenwichtimedis0000hows"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordenades_geogr%C3%A0fiques" title="Coordenades geogràfiques">Coordenades geogràfiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol_geogr%C3%A0fic" title="Pol geogràfic">Pol geogràfic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paral%C2%B7lel" title="Paral·lel">Paral·lel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Longitudes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Longitudes">Longitud</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080519082322/http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~cvm/latlon_find_location.html">Recursos per a determinar latitud i longitud</a>» (en anglès). Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~cvm/latlon_find_location.html">original</a> el 19 maig 2008.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181031190003/http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm">IAU/IAGGrup de treball sobre <i>Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites</i></a>» (en anglès). Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm">original</a> el 31 octubre 2018.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article5136819.ece">"Longitude forged": Un assaig sobre determinació de la longitud, de [http://www.the-tls.co.uk TLS</a>, 12 de novembre de 2008.]».</span></li></ul> <p><span style="display: none;" class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/longitud" class="extiw" title="wikt:longitud">Viccionari</a></span> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4576417">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4020221-5">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Txeca">NKC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph218874&CON_LNG=ENG">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&oldid=34214530">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longitud_(geografia)&oldid=34214530</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:L%C3%ADnies_de_longitud" title="Categoria:Línies de longitud">Línies de longitud</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Geod%C3%A8sia" title="Categoria:Geodèsia">Geodèsia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categories ocultes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Articles_amb_la_plantilla_Webarchive_amb_enlla%C3%A7_wayback" title="Categoria:Articles amb la plantilla Webarchive amb enllaç wayback">Articles amb la plantilla Webarchive amb enllaç wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_enlla%C3%A7_commonscat_des_de_Wikidata" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata">Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Control_d%27autoritats" title="Categoria:Control d'autoritats">Control d'autoritats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 9 nov 2024 a les 17:23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. 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