CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e8dc27ebe8a3dd8',cH: '88IZxe9eIcMzTBMSrPtnNzc.CKIznjFM3.GsNROj7jI-1732664806-1.2.1.1-xPL6mesN85A2xymxDbCc2kfjV3R.dM0Qd63JCTDHK7hTy8iE07G0di0VH5q1WP3Y',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1971.tb00660.x?__cf_chl_tk=WlLbW54D.y_tb1cWzBQBITwqDhLHmCKpSStCiNOr5Fc-1732664806-1.0.1.1-5k05ueJvnkuDwqJzmqbrvaeBQZ3uuPj3uAeWadPtQM0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732664806',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1971.tb00660.x?__cf_chl_f_tk=WlLbW54D.y_tb1cWzBQBITwqDhLHmCKpSStCiNOr5Fc-1732664806-1.0.1.1-5k05ueJvnkuDwqJzmqbrvaeBQZ3uuPj3uAeWadPtQM0",md: "MTZVANmdkGcWpoFSxgD.VS2qGtZs6iGI1ZCWQJGPqzA-1732664806-1.2.1.1-XDh_x1w_rkQ4hFguMzBs5zl92Qnd5kInD4SACrc8y3SSTAbvJatfObBqE2MUq_om3NL3tpWsUyOZMCRLMKRjgQC7kzKdRUCeR4yFkp_cGpoOfGyUKQbXLdSwLU_xMdn2Ka9mtTRUejqRzMjj6VW4GtJJSbPRDzqYnkRTcPHH0NRKbZv05btbUdDVZp4.dfFdTucvROv0Zu3D89A26a2GgFHB7e67xJQCxzzWzaHpzJ.Ju.9op7YFo89pK39t7UP8b.FbwPbc8mZ2EnJ4cZftConwLeYh9fpcm4cCr9K1AjqdmrKWu9ytX7goVG_wzLbWFxrsZQgHD8rglU7.q.GOoORxYaSjAUdp5eYx9DTPbCtmk3neNkr3kENfPG1ZMnTcXDzgIDw7lFTlf8CPY5ZZWAtsHU842OHBEFCCEBDkF_hlKsRmQ2NOVXb0yvQd09ElwuJm9ABFc4F3.hUNftNaZukyGbDOvzPgBpJvwFPoSv2oSCNjt3mbrPCLD5wdLv3AQYGFoer2H9Rd4UEOitF3PsB2M.SjS8enD7WBu_L_vbrg3KNO0wzPLKFIHEqLqeoVG5PaPhXtrUSk33AciBxyBJ6Gjl4QkfTDjRFraFOEu9A3z.ecpch7wgdZ2mVvOWU2GRdJoLf4aw5iez0zxvvA2779cEWOZ9h1JxyZ1Xmp3cWhsbNy9iQKwDsoA3jPgHX3xQz_QP7jAAQvFRuJys0M8R139zKGnWP7qmjuXzNZS7KmzQzRCZHej32vpLaUw6EC8HgxahIeH8myRe.oCGfvXM6w_d4bOQeomI.onAuiXodBss1uoIzo5Q5esT48Po3rdx9FH4KFS_Uh9Awr9co2pp8Pb2AGz.dbSip0TV624YHDqmRcmZ5dhOvy2jc_ch5Kv7VRnv3o6jkcT.UiZw1.nKIvN1ICK2.BqCMGALZmbsd6AvQbqImn_7tLuIN._HUdLBKgxU3goA9oe9c7QRoxAXgjj7tWokLKFAbNwdbtZVkdOXrn.179S9t53BnuMiave72rHW2EwtEW7SmpmlqOk9pKUfb35QyydxgNYJulQqiGgecJgVmPVwrNU6qHLPW5WAG8ZWos.ALVBWKwOFxsxI2.HzhM2OUV2yt4efSGn3RtCFpSNXdUlGeZOqplfAJa7ZU_UJBg9aW6RpCUfxsiZKFNi2FXV4hW74eZG6tq4BlJ5LKlMn5swOTgSOl7J1DUoNjnN1Mp_EWaoNBO6CWtXZ2zCELIqEvVXuyUNXQq5Ykmb_J6M5QP4bXW71HCaNRvNewE6UTcpWIvfsN2KPP_0ToczvMGe1xbYK2V_yf5oborPxw9eG5I3BtPuBbHRaGOVDPo8HLpz2ceFMixKGHlbfi2eLMVxBOKmETrebXzurwrBYtX8hCG2HVI.f_UMDy0mvadrjWCLRz10_1R6cSlvtUVwG7sxHJf2xpO93TtJKbPlpBsaMirkEQRhdZWDRJLIu4TH9esrfam7V7dDCBFKhacmh928pC64ZXhjOPjirPexvfU.IYq4St_JysTK.xDouU2dSKUue2OIoRx0_cI3lpTZguWk.rCPbSgyYy50qeXZQTinxX6eW8F266ATNVVeVDFQclMIwbnPlFUeUKZB4VOyVDyEEPJfhpuPztoQO2nofgmmWP_fsW0auBtZp63jRKfr.bp_rWvLbbazIZ.1l_I2KoRgqgMwJCZFxkk4wFO_qkbCcEgHycvjEmK1TfmcEXF0ktaSaoVjPBmPZhJtO6CTgaEshq7K3JZt90LqSjZVHp6RoyJMcU3Y9.c2pBm7c8hI.fum4bCdBGbziBFzDVbz8sbn2WvNVerrq_J.YzfQ5FkFrdjk3_92L9LVQJUSLMrlHaYGNfPg1m3VRSTCbFjsx2tlQZJC24KpNdMZolqOtLnKI0Ebt3PTta1XPKZcivQeCanc01nhngrH1STc8sGC8cGV5JDfPZlBOqyE43189Pj6ciGf.ZNlaqtHTTlWmUc9WQyCd4b7B.RRPJPv94qibrJx6xwzGlbhF7jATm5nW0AsmvGrnopO9LWcp.tjgADilyVWRoxHDUsy0BQRLU9lj7GamYZnlUCw9YQFArS1e7cgwB15xkdV7d3Hl0qXTxIe_d4k_qWVqI6DigpPWaJHs1QMjVGUG2vtjM.N61kMPm3TkjHXLU9v8NOxN0YwymNbKMvNkYHgY6EOBgY8Eglfp2jlCh_X5EjLlEowAW30yyucIiQf2M0gGLrJesc_eKCM4np.JimAxJBUYAM.UPukK5TvpP0wnB.X9UkH7yLrbX5qyh0oCn9MJjGxnXeUAfrdbrKHSnLJcl76sXv6dYNeXsrwAw0kQTqg_atRkY8JYZIjctVeFQORDX53qeYbSWUzKVPKJtOqaarJe6DyqpZwa5ka5gQtwK.g1bEPyycu0lImVd8x5y5i17.ygJwQXOuB6JvoRwJhLVdN.ImaT9MFl1Wntwv_ksZNo0YU_4CiwqsP2k858qvklq4IJ4F7Oj4ylJPK4gGicuRL6G87XpaWW8NaHto9XU8zGnKdR2X_6vZ9LA8072H58Deu6xKdg9wIPFR81f5cBK10fc4rK_e6vu.Wfa7s53K8J2NapDTFUuLnWwg3CTclcNIdFOceoqPUaFASxbbcXvIy8uSOLqTv0iSVUkRVMidoy14LcA4OgeNbiR.cKPEz6wMgfRp3hvbiGcG6YCjGNCvtmOb00kWEvcPUCUCHlx9EK9kY1EuyHK7O4cdolUSXtRk6rC2rqYrJINuM.1iGu9On9KYNPTyWvfAnmorzr3ridsZf2Nx26AuJtHAq4exAMjLQ0ayh4uYA1eOKQNVjJBxdTU5RMFucuthcmrbVW3w3p7TOFQF0HIGY15P8l1rBXhm7Q2tQIDlilb6SaHlbX1H_..WmE1fKVARWvcx8_m3RjpsHZrXojQ2ncdKpM.MvhB8_8acu8HLVPe.9uvbm76bVfdaZ.SdXEAg8BA3HSGR0tWapwrsOmKlAAr_Ok0YnyCbdWiJAkRoMm7MdrO2Sgc0gxscZA",mdrd: "TPmPELtd1JxDYxKPkpiTPfuYjqDfh9GOar3eHUG5RG8-1732664806-1.2.1.1-FtH2wmUP94NRzgAep2IzHEt3ail4.mFHPOuohEyxjbD2CYfo2pNtzLsWsT2kSeW9eJsj7Vz1o0GrTCWZ3imDh0Jw48OvSSEbSczlXprAM8y86tLW7p3Whh74T1ltV43of7oMhvIn0bnv9TNN82vPFtBjyMQhzhzPGVjF9kFmHleijGLHoapOx8n.KiTW82czVGZ8ZbVe0WKTRzm72XfVtRko5HqturYq5nDNZATKzpyB3DedsFJ.cgEpxEsEnpQ.vD1FdZBZIBoumzVlM0WSVgomLmcGT6A.J_NqXlyAoIBWBK1sbTZogLK9kcw1y6EpsRFRefVkuCTN7vFnjuFFZqXSzi3alVmOk7GYB479J4nL4hg0tyuZqtQkm2nbTBg6AycBN.hs6H1L2o7hLgrLLrqPLIbwM5bq2L5qVJDiiU9oa01vfCHnyd5dmR_CArJPUFqYIdhaE_Q2NlwY_wIewR5DdFTeg21bYDTfvDZWJUD5KLlpFS8tqspji5AwbnaxzC7sLDeVxnCOK8nXJfNt4W.ZeQimCSsBZncwqD3V23TobbaJSeaOC237D2GBv9VWK_0lA.oa7z472V7DMkDKTKhdu.oBU_Ay7wZueP2cMD5WU8eo2vPUPMYxkqielENPiYf6X1hTv_nisVjVfL8QMRsAUIF8F9CuoE_Mv7lidx4LGR0OWSPGTHDJmvanQP7BmPJe4Giz1NknXgqerrJBNb0RbgOaMc9osZJ73bSJi8hOe1J8Hi.ELx5X20hXq0bBHbXuV9qxN.WVTlitAu7Ig7tJK4SKapVKI4UdahX60jPEukiOfJ10g3xMnrkZ865IvO.uzkeK3TUg6vfp_iauL3txs7aVzVQTUG.gLJqzFOOiGoCbbZy6pChjXxLEg.j24hSfa3sWm.S_OWltoDCXI6X2xE9c4YJ8LJg.qCkJrhTlJdoQH4O9jjdwIIzNA1RH.NF497fpUVDSHjMsW88GEh.TgkIbleNZl7nf0Ry1h6.u_q6xBTfp5p.56sSUhPJbN4EYJ7_93lNERhPOvEdOQ9l.LUIzBLy0L6KVFBBsFCJrnLrsCUrzEgbjZEhcnDHil_qECPV6s3R1LMIUQstOd9n1i6vpPnZmEgSt1ABI5uEQM5MZzaJMgUay8wzv98X7vJhown4MDfg4C6olHvO3Py.RazHaiNYIurKPsDbno8tIGz8ia_IpllwpjY6hyP6.TzBDVl.hpZ4Uk5pEqnkinAIcXpnPj_8f5hu7eQK1en8QCWfFYMxn3.RZcBpGLup68Ygk44SSdKJD_yQJlB4WeUDiDrvs_s2d6sxTMjXhZZvf9zMS3dKyxf__.LON0Oav524iFo5udb94bdsf837pY_CNKuAXlCVAj0Si45p1BC9OtCq1rKHus2syS8DsipqL5NHcSLYvlcreYMOzTrcrm7eM09BV9VLCt4zfU8E1Derc1_6DXrGdsYuE1Vn0Fu34JbItVvP.ACCoVEFqXDV3CaOgGijJFylwfMCedsdwPMElt9oHyXkaZNoOhFjSSE_0VrHM7dvGOH8ny0ikiH50YDeQCIkeJvg8a4DeRdpo.dvqpOFCklC9JYUk57BkG2qAAvV.ww.eqcCwKw3.diEYlFTiV4UJoNP4ySuSaObsHXDlITbhIj1111Ges45fqCRnZpHfCyIaG0qN0qkhJTlx8Prv6v_EDefSlkDt8ZYSppKtu6jnsmod7FBcHzwOukAtgHXAckQenumUVp.olQthAMaAId6w0przhWBq_ylYUvR0KQQiuoiwvbn0wVl5B_Kg_erF.z5GOVVrkWW9MunRUUIPcfbCTL1ioZ26VXd_kX92hZcIDZCtpmO7jep211wSKxGQUU_VBl4tSulgV._ikkoxZdXtYNl.OmJ6VBGsKJTkAo8WG6kQAVQEb7voggUX_KtUECmA4eew5TpWQ5zlSu3xmRr4uDGlgISNw3KpEkE6DP153yC2vu6bc8DOQB7b"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e8dc27ebe8a3dd8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1971.tb00660.x?__cf_chl_rt_tk=WlLbW54D.y_tb1cWzBQBITwqDhLHmCKpSStCiNOr5Fc-1732664806-1.0.1.1-5k05ueJvnkuDwqJzmqbrvaeBQZ3uuPj3uAeWadPtQM0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>