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(DOC) A Woman's Touch: Women’s Empowerment and Contributions in Early Christianity | Jessica Imani - Academia.edu

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The earliest church was not an empire under patriarchal rule, but a society of equal brothers and sisters. In fact, it is almost certain that women constituted more than half of the membership of the church. The Letters of Paul, martyr texts, and other historical evidence of household leadership place women on a level of significance and enablement in the Christian community. Although there were many conflicts regarding the established leadership status of women in the new Christian religion due to long-standing Greco-Roman gender roles, early Christian literature and historical studies show that women were religiously, socially, and even politically empowered by Christianity.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"33962897"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"A Woman's Touch: Women’s Empowerment and Contributions in Early Christianity","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [9904542]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;swp-splash-paper-cover&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:33962897,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;docx&quot;}"><img alt="First page of “A Woman&#39;s Touch: Women’s Empowerment and Contributions in Early Christianity”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/33962897/mini_magick20190327-5886-12dla3w.png?1553710501" /><img alt="Academia Logo" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A-971495bd31377b9367f5ce5ca92bbc27dd8a843db989cbce3408389c670b62c0.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free DOCX</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">A Woman&#39;s Touch: Women’s Empowerment and Contributions in Early Christianity</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9904542" href="https://uci.academia.edu/JessicaImani"><img alt="Profile image of Jessica Imani" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/9904542/3079023/3622128/s65_jessica.imani.jpg" />Jessica Imani</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">7 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 7365703; 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A short introduction to the treatment of and theology surrounding women in the first few centuries of the Common Era. 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Are there exceptions to the male orthodox model as it developed, and if so are they a result of a reliance on the teachings of Jesus and the practice of the early communities, or are they novel developments?</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Using Mark, Q, M, L and the Seven Undisputed Letters of Paul as Case Studies: What can we learn of the role of women within the developing structures of the earliest Christian Communities?&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:53918574,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;docx&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/33961049/Using_Mark_Q_M_L_and_the_Seven_Undisputed_Letters_of_Paul_as_Case_Studies_What_can_we_learn_of_the_role_of_women_within_the_developing_structures_of_the_earliest_Christian_Communities&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33961049/Using_Mark_Q_M_L_and_the_Seven_Undisputed_Letters_of_Paul_as_Case_Studies_What_can_we_learn_of_the_role_of_women_within_the_developing_structures_of_the_earliest_Christian_Communities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="45013697" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45013697/I_am_a_Christian_Female_Identity_and_Authority_in_the_Early_Church">I am a Christian - Female Identity and Authority in the Early Church</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="98000337" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/GillLeFevre">Gill Le Fevre</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this paper, I argue that the martyrdom of Perpetua, recorded in The Passion of Perpetua and Felicity, demonstrates the growing challenge that early Christian women were perceived to present in Roman society through their creation of a redefined gender identity. My paper explores the interrelated dynamic of authority and gendered identity in Roman society, and the implications for the early Christian church.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;I am a Christian - Female Identity and Authority in the Early Church&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:65564118,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/45013697/I_am_a_Christian_Female_Identity_and_Authority_in_the_Early_Church&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45013697/I_am_a_Christian_Female_Identity_and_Authority_in_the_Early_Church"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="33592214" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33592214/The_Role_of_Women_in_the_First_Century_Church_A_Model_for_Today_1">The Role of Women in the First Century Church: A Model for Today 1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="65761886" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeAndrews14">George Andrews</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;The Role of Women in the First Century Church: A Model for Today 1&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:53613194,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/33592214/The_Role_of_Women_in_the_First_Century_Church_A_Model_for_Today_1&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33592214/The_Role_of_Women_in_the_First_Century_Church_A_Model_for_Today_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="50438339" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50438339/Women_in_Early_Christianity_A_four_part_bibliography">Women in Early Christianity: A four-part bibliography</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8576274" href="https://actea.academia.edu/JoshuaRobertBarron">Joshua Robert Barron</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This bibliography includes coverage of the Armenian, Coptic (Egyptian) Georgian, Greek, Latin, and Syriac (Syro-Persian) traditions; I have yet to find pertinent texts for Axum (Ethiopia) or Nubia (Sudan) or Ḥimyar (Yemen). (Remember that Christianity has never been merely an affair of the Roman Empire or, after its fall, of Europe.) As this is intended as an introductory bibliography, it is primarily limited to monographs and edited volumes. A few key chapters and articles, however, have been included. Entries are organized in four sections: — Secondary Sources from New Testament scholarship, — Primary Sources from the patristic period, — Secondary Sources examining the patristic period, — Contemporary Perspectives in dialogue with Scripture lastest revision: 16 February 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Women in Early Christianity: A four-part bibliography&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:106053885,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/50438339/Women_in_Early_Christianity_A_four_part_bibliography&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50438339/Women_in_Early_Christianity_A_four_part_bibliography"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="26795249" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26795249/The_Role_of_Women_in_the_New_Testament_and_Canonical_Gospels">The Role of Women in the New Testament and Canonical Gospels.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26382657" href="https://une-au.academia.edu/NicoleMeyerConner">Nicole Meyer Conner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Women played a vital role in the spread of Christianity in the first and second century CE. This paper will assess their contribution by examining the various functions and responsibilities held by women as described in the New Testament and Canonical Gospels. The assessment will commence with a brief description of the lives of women in the Greco-Roman world. This description of the cultural setting will serve as an introduction to Jesus’ attitude towards and interaction with women, who were among his first followers. Women continued to function in the early church in a variety of roles such as apostles, evangelists, prophets, teachers and house church leaders, using their skills to spread the message and further the impact of the fledgling religion. A close examination of these multifarious roles, drawing on the Canonical Gospels as primary source, will demonstrate the integral part women played in the dissemination of Christianity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;The Role of Women in the New Testament and Canonical Gospels.&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:47069959,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/26795249/The_Role_of_Women_in_the_New_Testament_and_Canonical_Gospels&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26795249/The_Role_of_Women_in_the_New_Testament_and_Canonical_Gospels"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="3674869" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3674869/An_assessment_of_the_ways_in_which_women_played_an_important_part_in_the_spread_of_Christianity_in_the_first_and_second_centuries_CE">An assessment of the ways in which women played an important part in the spread of Christianity in the first and second centuries CE.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2253934" href="https://une-au.academia.edu/ChristineVandor">Christine Vandor</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;An assessment of the ways in which women played an important part in the spread of Christianity in the first and second centuries CE.&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:31364374,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/3674869/An_assessment_of_the_ways_in_which_women_played_an_important_part_in_the_spread_of_Christianity_in_the_first_and_second_centuries_CE&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3674869/An_assessment_of_the_ways_in_which_women_played_an_important_part_in_the_spread_of_Christianity_in_the_first_and_second_centuries_CE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="107882811" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107882811/Christian_Women_in_the_Patristic_World_Their_Influence_Authority_and_Legacy_in_the_Second_through_Fifth_Centuries_by_Lynn_H_Cohick_and_Amy_Brown_Hughes">Christian Women in the Patristic World: Their Influence, Authority, and Legacy in the Second through Fifth Centuries, by Lynn H. Cohick and Amy Brown Hughes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="204584940" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CaultonJane">Jane Caulton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Pneuma, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Christian Women in the Patristic World: Their Influence, Authority, and Legacy in the Second through Fifth Centuries, by Lynn H. 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