CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: equivalence partition</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: equivalence partition"> <meta name="keywords" content="equivalence partition"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="equivalence partition" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="equivalence partition"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 264</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: equivalence partition</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">264</span> Minimizing Mutant Sets by Equivalence and Subsumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Alblwi">Samia Alblwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20Ayad"> Amani Ayad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mutation testing is the art of generating syntactic variations of a base program and checking whether a candidate test suite can identify all the mutants that are not semantically equivalent to the base: this technique is widely used by researchers to select quality test suites. One of the main obstacles to the widespread use of mutation testing is cost: even small pro-grams (a few dozen lines of code) can give rise to a large number of mutants (up to hundreds): this has created an incentive to seek to reduce the number of mutants while preserving their collective effectiveness. Two criteria have been used to reduce the size of mutant sets: equiva-lence, which aims to partition the set of mutants into equivalence classes modulo semantic equivalence, and selecting one representative per class; subsumption, which aims to define a partial ordering among mutants that ranks mutants by effectiveness and seeks to select maximal elements in this ordering. In this paper we analyze these two policies using analytical and em-pirical criteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation%20testing" title="mutation testing">mutation testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutant%20sets" title=" mutant sets"> mutant sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutant%20equivalence" title=" mutant equivalence"> mutant equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutant%20subsumption" title=" mutant subsumption"> mutant subsumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutant%20set%20minimization" title=" mutant set minimization"> mutant set minimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156274/minimizing-mutant-sets-by-equivalence-and-subsumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">263</span> Tracing the Concept of Equivalence in Translation Theories from the Linguistics Oriented Era to Present </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20%C3%9Clk%C3%BC%20Kavruk">Fatma Ülkü Kavruk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The comparison of the old and new approaches reveals that the concept of equivalence has been interpreted and categorized in different ways by different scholars throughout the history. The aim of this study is to trace the concept of equivalence in translation theories from the linguistics-oriented era to present, referring to various translation scholars and to provide a critical evaluation of the nature and applicability of the concept of equivalence in today’s world of translation studies. Within the study, various interpretations of equivalence proposed by international scholars in translation studies are to be presented. In order to find out the reflections of these scholars’ approaches to the Turkish scholars’ research, the interpretations of equivalence by various Turkish scholars are to be examined. At the end of the paper, the applicability of the concept of equivalence in real life is to be discussed in light of these approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20studies" title="translation studies">translation studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence" title=" equivalence"> equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20theories" title=" translation theories"> translation theories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35234/tracing-the-concept-of-equivalence-in-translation-theories-from-the-linguistics-oriented-era-to-present" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">262</span> Evaluation of Spatial Distribution Prediction for Site-Scale Soil Contaminants Based on Partition Interpolation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengwei%20Qiao">Pengwei Qiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sucai%20Yang"> Sucai Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenxia%20Wei"> Wenxia Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil pollution has become an important issue in China. Accurate spatial distribution prediction of pollutants with interpolation methods is the basis for soil remediation in the site. However, a relatively strong variability of pollutants would decrease the prediction accuracy. Theoretically, partition interpolation can result in accurate prediction results. In order to verify the applicability of partition interpolation for a site, benzo (b) fluoranthene (BbF) in four soil layers was adopted as the research object in this paper. IDW (inverse distance weighting)-, RBF (radial basis function)-and OK (ordinary kriging)-based partition interpolation accuracies were evaluated, and their influential factors were analyzed; then, the uncertainty and applicability of partition interpolation were determined. Three conclusions were drawn. (1) The prediction error of partitioned interpolation decreased by 70% compared to unpartitioned interpolation. (2) Partition interpolation reduced the impact of high CV (coefficient of variation) and high concentration value on the prediction accuracy. (3) The prediction accuracy of IDW-based partition interpolation was higher than that of RBF- and OK-based partition interpolation, and it was suitable for the identification of highly polluted areas at a contaminated site. These results provide a useful method to obtain relatively accurate spatial distribution information of pollutants and to identify highly polluted areas, which is important for soil pollution remediation in the site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title="accuracy">accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applicability" title=" applicability"> applicability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partition%20interpolation" title=" partition interpolation"> partition interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site" title=" site"> site</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20pollution" title=" soil pollution"> soil pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110125/evaluation-of-spatial-distribution-prediction-for-site-scale-soil-contaminants-based-on-partition-interpolation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">261</span> Modeling Generalization in the Acquired Equivalence Paradigm with the Successor Representation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Troy%20M.%20Houser">Troy M. Houser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The successor representation balances flexible and efficient reinforcement learning by learning to predict the future, given the present. As such, the successor representation models stimuli as what future states they lead to. Therefore, two stimuli that are perceptually dissimilar but lead to the same future state will come to be represented more similarly. This is very similar to an older behavioral paradigm -the acquired equivalence paradigm, which measures the generalization of learned associations. Here, we test via computational modeling the plausibility that the successor representation is the mechanism by which people generalize knowledge learned in the acquired equivalence paradigm. Computational evidence suggests that this is a plausible mechanism for acquired equivalence and thus can guide future empirical work on individual differences in associative-based generalization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquired%20equivalence" title="acquired equivalence">acquired equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successor%20representation" title=" successor representation"> successor representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalization" title=" generalization"> generalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190117/modeling-generalization-in-the-acquired-equivalence-paradigm-with-the-successor-representation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">260</span> Empirical Study of Partitions Similarity Measures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkrim%20Alfalah">Abdelkrim Alfalah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lahcen%20Ouarbya"> Lahcen Ouarbya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Howroyd"> John Howroyd</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates and compares the performance of four existing distances and similarity measures between partitions. The partition measures considered are Rand Index (RI), Adjusted Rand Index (ARI), Variation of Information (VI), and Normalised Variation of Information (NVI). This work investigates the ability of these partition measures to capture three predefined intuitions: the variation within randomly generated partitions, the sensitivity to small perturbations, and finally the independence from the dataset scale. It has been shown that the Adjusted Rand Index performed well overall, with regards to these three intuitions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title="clustering">clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparing%20partitions" title=" comparing partitions"> comparing partitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20measure" title=" similarity measure"> similarity measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partition%20distance" title=" partition distance"> partition distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partition%20metric" title=" partition metric"> partition metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20between%20partitions" title=" similarity between partitions"> similarity between partitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20comparison." title=" clustering comparison."> clustering comparison.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143607/empirical-study-of-partitions-similarity-measures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">259</span> A Historical Analysis of The Concept of Equivalence from Different Theoretical Perspectives in Translation Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amenador%20Kate%20Benedicta">Amenador Kate Benedicta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Zhiwei"> Wang Zhiwei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the later parts of the 20th century, the notion of equivalence continues to be a central and critical concept in the development of translation theory. After decades of arguments over word-for-word and free translations methods, scholars attempting to develop more systematic and efficient translation theories began to focus on fundamental translation concepts such as equivalence. Although the concept of equivalence has piqued the interest of many scholars, its definition, scope, and applicability have sparked contentious arguments within the discipline. As a result, several distinct theories and explanations on the concept of equivalence have been put forward over the last half-century. Thus, this study explores and discusses the evolution of the critical concept of equivalence in translation studies through a bibliometric method of investigation of manual and digital books and articles by analyzing different scholars' key contributions and limitations on equivalence from various theoretical perspectives. While analyzing them, emphasis is placed on the innovations that each theory has brought to the comprehension of equivalence. In order to achieve the aim of the study, the article began by discussing the contributions of linguistically motivated theories to the notion of equivalence in translation, followed by functionalist-oriented contributions, before moving on to more recent advancements in translation studies on the concept. Because equivalence is such a broad notion, it is impossible to discuss each researcher in depth. As a result, the most well-known names and their equivalent theories are compared and contrasted in this research. The study emphasizes the developmental progression in our comprehension of the equivalence concept and equivalent effect. It concluded that the various theoretical perspective's contributions to the notion of equivalence rather complement and make up for the limitations of each other. The study also highlighted how troublesome the equivalent concept might become in terms of identifying the nature of translation and how central and unavoidable the concept is in every translation action, despite its limitations. The significance of the study lies in its synthesis of the different contributions and limitations of the various theories offered by scholars on the notion of equivalence, lending literature to both student and scholars in the field, and providing insight on future theoretical development <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence" title="equivalence">equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionalist%20translation%20theories" title=" functionalist translation theories"> functionalist translation theories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20translation%20approaches" title=" linguistic translation approaches"> linguistic translation approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20theories" title=" translation theories"> translation theories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skopos" title=" Skopos"> Skopos</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147371/a-historical-analysis-of-the-concept-of-equivalence-from-different-theoretical-perspectives-in-translation-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">258</span> Investigating the Acquisition of English Emotion Terms by Moroccan EFL Learners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20El%20Asri">Khalid El Asri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Culture influences lexicalization of salient concepts in a society. Hence, languages often have different degrees of equivalence regarding lexical items of different fields. The present study focuses on the field of emotions in English and Moroccan Arabic. Findings of a comparative study that involved fifty English emotions revealed that Moroccan Arabic has equivalence of some English emotion terms, partial equivalence of some emotion terms, and no equivalence for some other terms. It is hypothesized then that emotion terms that have near equivalence in Moroccan Arabic will be easier to acquire for EFL learners, while partially equivalent terms will be difficult to acquire, and those that have no equivalence will be even more difficult to acquire. In order to test these hypotheses, the participants (104 advanced Moroccan EFL learners and 104 native speakers of English) were given two tests: the first is a receptive one in which the participants were asked to choose, among four emotion terms, the term that is appropriate to fill in the blanks for a given situation indicating certain kind of feelings. The second test is a productive one in which the participants were asked to give the emotion term that best described the feelings of the people in the situations given. The results showed that conceptually equivalent terms do not pose any problems for Moroccan EFL learners since they can link the concept to an already existing linguistic category; whereas the results concerning the acquisition of partially equivalent terms indicated that this type of emotion terms were difficult for Moroccan EFL learners to acquire, because they need to restructure the boundaries of the target linguistic categories by expanding them when the term includes other range of meanings that are not subsumed in the L1 term. Surprisingly however, the results concerning the case of non-equivalence revealed that Moroccan EFL learners could internalize the target L2 concepts that have no equivalence in their L1. Thus, it is the category of emotion terms that have partial equivalence in the learners’ L1 that pose problems for them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition" title="acquisition">acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20terms" title=" emotion terms"> emotion terms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexical%20equivalence" title=" lexical equivalence"> lexical equivalence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77812/investigating-the-acquisition-of-english-emotion-terms-by-moroccan-efl-learners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">257</span> Between Fiction and Reality: Reading the Silences in Partition History</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shazia%20Salam">Shazia Salam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on studying the literary reactions of selected Muslim women writers to the event of Partition of India in the north western region. It aims to explore how Muslim women experienced the Partition and how that experience was articulated through their writing. There is a serious dearth of research on the experience of Muslim women who had to witness the momentous event of the subcontinent. Since scholars have often questioned the silence around the historiography related to the experiences of Muslim women, this paper aims to explore if literature could provide insights that may be less readily available in other modes of narration. Using literature as an archival source, it aims to delve into the arenas of history that have been cloistered and closed. Muslim women have been silent about their experiences of Partition which at the cost of essentializing could be attributed to patriarchal constraints, and taboos, on speaking of intimate matters. These silences have consigned the question of their experience to a realm of anonymity. The lack of ethnographic research has in a way been compensated in the realm of literature, mainly poetry and fiction. Besides reportage, literature remains an important source of social history about Partition and how Muslim women lived through it. Where traditional history fails to record moments of rupture and dislocation, literature serves the crucial purpose. The central premise in this paper is that there is a need to revise the history of partition owing to the gaps in historiography. It looks into if literature can serve as a ground for developing new approaches to history since the question of the representation always confronts us--between what a text represents and how it represents it since imagination of the writer plays a great role in the construction of any text. With this approach as an entry point, this paper aims to unpack the questions of representation, the coalescing of history /literature and the gendered nature of partition history. It concludes that the gaps in the narratives of Partition and the memory of Partition can be addressed by way of suing literary as a source to fill in the cracks and fissures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history" title=" history"> history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature" title=" literature"> literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partition" title=" partition"> partition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56715/between-fiction-and-reality-reading-the-silences-in-partition-history" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">256</span> Earthquake Classification in Molluca Collision Zone Using Conventional Statistical Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Wattimanela">H. J. Wattimanela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20S.%20Passaribu"> U. S. Passaribu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20T.%20Puspito"> A. N. T. Puspito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Indratno"> S. W. Indratno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molluca Collision Zone is located at the junction of the Eurasian plate, Australian, Pacific, and the Philippines. Between the Sangihe arc, west of the collision zone, and to the east of Halmahera arc is active collision and convex toward the Molluca Sea. This research will analyze the behavior of earthquake occurrence in Molluca Collision Zone related to the distributions of an earthquake in each partition regions, determining the type of distribution of a occurrence earthquake of partition regions, and the mean occurrence of earthquakes each partition regions, and the correlation between the partitions region. We calculate number of earthquakes using partition method and its behavioral using conventional statistical methods. The data used is the data type of shallow earthquakes with magnitudes ≥ 4 SR for the period 1964-2013 in the Molluca Collision Zone. From the results, we can classify partitioned regions based on the correlation into two classes: strong and very strong. This classification can be used for early warning system in disaster management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molluca%20collision%20zone" title="molluca collision zone">molluca collision zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partition%20regions" title=" partition regions"> partition regions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20statistical%20methods" title=" conventional statistical methods"> conventional statistical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquakes" title=" earthquakes"> earthquakes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifications" title=" classifications"> classifications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20management" title=" disaster management"> disaster management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18499/earthquake-classification-in-molluca-collision-zone-using-conventional-statistical-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">255</span> Dependence of Autoignition Delay Period on Equivalence Ratio for i-Octane, Primary Reference Fuel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Verma">Sunil Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s world non-renewable sources are depleting quickly, so there is a need to produce efficient and unconventional engines to minimize the use of fuel. Also, there are many fatal accidents happening every year during extraction, distillation, transportation and storage of fuel. Reason for explosions of gaseous fuel is unwanted autoignition. Autoignition characterstics of fuel are mandatory to study to build efficient engines and to avoid accidents. This report is concerned with study of autoignition delay characteristics of iso-octane by using rapid compression machine. The paper clearly explains the dependence of ignition delay characteristics on variation of equivalence ratios from lean to rich mixtures. The equivalence ratio is varied from 0.3 to 1.2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoignition" title="autoignition">autoignition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iso-octane" title=" iso-octane"> iso-octane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20compression%20machine" title=" rapid compression machine"> rapid compression machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20ratio" title=" equivalence ratio"> equivalence ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ignition%20delay" title=" ignition delay"> ignition delay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12720/dependence-of-autoignition-delay-period-on-equivalence-ratio-for-i-octane-primary-reference-fuel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">254</span> Beyond ‘Mother India’ and ‘New Indian Woman’: Indian Educated Middle-Class Women in Partition Novels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Ziwei">Yan Ziwei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article attempts to restore the subjectivity of Indian-educated middle-class women during the partition period through three partition novels: Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day (1980), Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines (1988), and Vikram Seth’s A Suitable Boy (1993). Despite extensive research on women in partition, there is little focus on the group of educated middle-class women. In mainstream historical and political discourse, these women have consistently been constructed within the official discourse dominated by males. They are either ‘Mother India’, or the ‘new woman’ to meet the requirements of India’s changing political atmosphere. However, by delving into the particular historical context and personal experience of the educated middle-class women in the three novels, the article argues that they continuously subvert the essentialized identities imposed upon them by different versions of official discourse. As the embodiment of Shakti, they are distinct from the archetypes of ‘Mother India’ and the ‘new woman’. Instead, they create their ideal family spaces based on their personal cognition and transcend the homogeneous gender discourse to reflect the fluid and complex nature of female identity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20educated%20middle-class%20women" title="Indian educated middle-class women">Indian educated middle-class women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjectivity" title=" subjectivity"> subjectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partition%20novels" title=" partition novels"> partition novels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mother%20India" title=" Mother India"> Mother India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20woman" title=" new woman"> new woman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakti" title=" Shakti"> Shakti</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188833/beyond-mother-india-and-new-indian-woman-indian-educated-middle-class-women-in-partition-novels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">253</span> Basis Theorem of Equivalence of Explicit-Type Iterations for the Class of Multivalued Phi-Quasi-Contrative Maps in Modular Function Spaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hudson%20Akewe">Hudson Akewe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We prove that the convergence of explicit Mann, explicit Ishikawa, explicit Noor, explicit SP, explicit multistep and explicit multistep-SP fixed point iterative procedures are equivalent for the classes of multi-valued phi-contraction, phi-Zamfirescu and phi-quasi-contractive mappings in the framework of modular function spaces. Our results complement equivalence results on normed and metric spaces in the literature as they elegantly cut out the triangle inequality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multistep%20iterative%20procedures" title="multistep iterative procedures">multistep iterative procedures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivalued%20mappings" title=" multivalued mappings"> multivalued mappings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20results" title=" equivalence results"> equivalence results</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20point" title=" fixed point"> fixed point</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148112/basis-theorem-of-equivalence-of-explicit-type-iterations-for-the-class-of-multivalued-phi-quasi-contrative-maps-in-modular-function-spaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">252</span> Effect of Equivalence Ratio on Performance of Fluidized Bed Gasifier Run with Sized Biomass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Makwana">J. P. Makwana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Joshi"> A. K. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20N.%20Patel"> Rajesh N. Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darshil%20Patel"> Darshil Patel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, fluidized bed gasification becomes an attractive technology for power generation due to its higher efficiency. The main objective pursued in this work is to investigate the producer gas production potential from sized biomass (sawdust and pigeon pea) by applying the air gasification technique. The size of the biomass selected for the study was in the range of 0.40-0.84 mm. An experimental study was conducted using a fluidized bed gasifier with 210 mm diameter and 1600 mm height. During the experiments, the fuel properties and the effects of operating parameters such as gasification temperatures 700 to 900 °C, equivalence ratio 0.16 to 0.46 were studied. It was concluded that substantial amounts of producer gas (up to 1110 kcal/m3) could be produced utilizing biomass such as sawdust and pigeon pea by applying this fluidization technique. For both samples, the rise of temperature till 900 °C and equivalence ratio of 0.4 favored further gasification reactions and resulted into producer gas with calorific value 1110 kcal/m3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sized%20biomass" title="sized biomass">sized biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed%20gasifier" title=" fluidized bed gasifier"> fluidized bed gasifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20ratio" title=" equivalence ratio"> equivalence ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20profile" title=" temperature profile"> temperature profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20composition" title=" gas composition"> gas composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46520/effect-of-equivalence-ratio-on-performance-of-fluidized-bed-gasifier-run-with-sized-biomass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">251</span> Analysis of Experimentally Designed Soundproof Gypsum Partition Wall's Sections in Terms of Structural Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulkerim%20Ilgun">Abdulkerim Ilgun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Javid%20Zia"> Ahmad Javid Zia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In developing countries, the urban populations are increasing rapidly and with this increment the residential areas are experiencing major problems. Construction of high-rise buildings in confined spaces is one of the most practical solutions for this problem. However, by living in high-rise buildings and sharing common residential areas, residents will face many problems. Irritating sound problem which is known as noise is one of the major problems mentioned above. The second most important problem is the weight of the high-rise buildings which makes the structure more vulnerable to earthquakes. To decrease earthquake loads it’s very important to decrease the weight of the buildings. To solve the problem of noise and keep the building weight at minimum level, experimentally designed soundproof gypsum partition wall which has optimum thickness has been used in high-rise story building and the results have been compared with ordinary brick partition walls. In this compression the effect of weights of soundproof gypsum walls and ordinary brick walls in accordance to structural engineering have been investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellubor" title="cellubor">cellubor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gypsum%20board" title=" gypsum board"> gypsum board</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gypsum%20partition%20walls" title=" gypsum partition walls"> gypsum partition walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20partition%20walls" title=" light partition walls"> light partition walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise" title=" noise"> noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound" title=" sound"> sound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38732/analysis-of-experimentally-designed-soundproof-gypsum-partition-walls-sections-in-terms-of-structural-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> The Parallelization of Algorithm Based on Partition Principle for Association Rules Discovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadidja%20Belbachir">Khadidja Belbachir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafida%20Belbachir"> Hafida Belbachir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> subsequently the expansion of the physical supports storage and the needs ceaseless to accumulate several data, the sequential algorithms of associations’ rules research proved to be ineffective. Thus the introduction of the new parallel versions is imperative. We propose in this paper, a parallel version of a sequential algorithm “Partition”. This last is fundamentally different from the other sequential algorithms, because it scans the data base only twice to generate the significant association rules. By consequence, the parallel approach does not require much communication between the sites. The proposed approach was implemented for an experimental study. The obtained results, shows a great reduction in execution time compared to the sequential version and Count Distributed algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=association%20rules" title="association rules">association rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20data%20mining" title=" distributed data mining"> distributed data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partition" title=" partition"> partition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20algorithms" title=" parallel algorithms"> parallel algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34591/the-parallelization-of-algorithm-based-on-partition-principle-for-association-rules-discovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Nano Generalized Topology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Bakeir">M. Y. Bakeir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rough set theory is a recent approach for reasoning about data. It has achieved a large amount of applications in various real-life fields. The main idea of rough sets corresponds to the lower and upper set approximations. These two approximations are exactly the interior and the closure of the set with respect to a certain topology on a collection U of imprecise data acquired from any real-life field. The base of the topology is formed by equivalence classes of an equivalence relation E defined on U using the available information about data. The theory of generalized topology was studied by Cs´asz´ar. It is well known that generalized topology in the sense of Cs´asz´ar is a generalization of the topology on a set. On the other hand, many important collections of sets related with the topology on a set form a generalized topology. The notion of Nano topology was introduced by Lellis Thivagar, which was defined in terms of approximations and boundary region of a subset of an universe using an equivalence relation on it. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new generalized topology in terms of rough set called nano generalized topology <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20sets" title="rough sets">rough sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20space" title=" topological space"> topological space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20topology" title=" generalized topology"> generalized topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20topology" title=" nano topology "> nano topology </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28088/nano-generalized-topology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> Determining the Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient for Armchair Polyhex BN Nanotubes Using Topological Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Mohammadinasab">Esmat Mohammadinasab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to investigate theoretically and establish a predictive model for determination LogP of armchair polyhex BN nanotubes by using simple descriptors. The relationship between the octanol-water partition coefficient (LogP) and quantum chemical descriptors, electric moments, and topological indices of some armchair polyhex BN nanotubes with various lengths and fixed circumference are represented. Based on density functional theory (DFT) electric moments and physico-chemical properties of those nanotubes are calculated. The DFT method performed based on the Becke’s 3-parameter formulation with the Lee-Yang-Parr functional (B3LYP) method and 3-21G standard basis sets. For the first time, the relationship between partition coefficient and different properties of polyhex BN nanotubes is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20indices" title="topological indices">topological indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20descriptors" title=" quantum descriptors"> quantum descriptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT%20method" title=" DFT method"> DFT method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotubes" title=" nanotubes"> nanotubes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23476/determining-the-octanol-water-partition-coefficient-for-armchair-polyhex-bn-nanotubes-using-topological-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> A Computational Investigation of Knocking Tendency in a Hydrogen-Fueled SI Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammam%20Aljabri">Hammam Aljabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20G.%20Im"> Hong G. Im</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is a promising future fuel to support the transition of the energy sector toward carbon neutrality. The direct utilization of H2 in Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) is possible, and this technology faces mainly two challenges; high NOx emissions and severe knocking at mid to high loads. In this study, we numerically investigated the potential of H2 combustion in a truck-size engine operated in SI mode. To mitigate the knocking nature of H2 combustion, we have focused on studying the effects of three primary parameters; the compression ratio (CR), the air-fuel ratio, and the spark time. The baseline case was set using a CR of 16.5 and an equivalence ratio of 0.35. In simulations, the auto-ignition tendency was evaluated based on the maximum pressure rise rate and the local pressure fluctuations at the monitoring points set along the wall of the combustion chamber. To mitigate the auto-ignition tendency while enabling a wider range of engine operation, the effect of lowering the compression ratio was assessed. The results indicate that by lowering the compression ratio from 16.5:1 to 12.5:1, an indicated thermal efficiency of 47.5% can be achieved. Aiming to restrain the auto-ignition while maintaining good efficiency, a reduction in the equivalence ratio was examined under different compression ratios. The result indicates that higher compression ratios will require lower equivalence ratios, and due to practical limitations, a lower equivalence ratio of 0.25 was set as the limit. Using a compression ratio of 13.5 combined with an equivalence ratio of 0.3 resulted in an indicated thermal efficiency of 48.6%, that is, at a fixed spark time. It is found that under such lean conditions, the incomplete combustion losses and exhaust losses were high. Thus, advancing the spark time was assessed as a possible solution. The results demonstrated the advantages of advancing the spark time, where an indicated thermal efficiency exceeding 50% was achieved using a compression ratio of 14.5:1 and an equivalence ratio of 0.25. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title="hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20knock" title=" engine knock"> engine knock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SI%20engine" title=" SI engine"> SI engine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157284/a-computational-investigation-of-knocking-tendency-in-a-hydrogen-fueled-si-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> Correlations in the Ising Kagome Lattice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Aguilar%20Aguilar">Antonio Aguilar Aguilar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eliezer%20Braun%20Guitler"> Eliezer Braun Guitler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using a previously developed procedure and with the aid of algebraic software, a two-dimensional generalized Ising model with a 4×2 unitary cell (UC), we obtain a Kagome Lattice with twelve different spin-spin values of interaction, in order to determine the partition function per spin L(T). From the partition function we can study the magnetic behavior of the system. Because of the competition phenomenon between spins, a very complex behavior among them in a variety of magnetic states can be observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlations" title="correlations">correlations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ising" title=" Ising"> Ising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kagome" title=" Kagome"> Kagome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exact%20functions" title=" exact functions"> exact functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17208/correlations-in-the-ising-kagome-lattice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Translatability of Sylistic Devices in Poetry Across Language-Cultures: An Intercultural Rhetoric Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazel%20P.%20Atilano">Hazel P. Atilano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contrastive rhetoricians working on L2 writing are often unfamiliar with the theories and research of scholars in translation studies. Publications on translation studies give little or no attention to describing the translation strategies of translators, with a focus on the influence of their L1 on the language they produce. This descriptive qualitative study anchored on Eugene Nida’s Translation Theory employed stylistic, lexico-semantic, and grammatical analyses of the stylistic devices employed by poets across nine language cultures to reveal the translation strategies employed by translators and to establish the type of equivalence manifested in the translated texts. The corpus consists of 27 poems written in Bahasa Indonesia, Hiligaynon, Tagalog (Malayo-Polynesian languages), French, Italian, Spanish (Romance languages), German, Icelandic, and Norwegian (Germanic Languages), translated into English. Stylistic analysis reveals that both original texts and English translations share the same stylistic devices, suggesting that stylistic devices do not get lost in translation. Lexico-semantic and grammatical analyses showed that translators of Malayo-Polynesian languages employed idiomatic translation as a compensatory strategy, producing English translations that manifest Dynamic Equivalence or transparency; translators of Romance languages resorted to synonymous substitution or literal translation, suggesting Formal Equivalence or fidelity; and translators of Germanic languages used a combination of idiomatic and literal translation strategies, with noticeable preference for Dynamic Equivalence, evidenced by the prevalence of metaphorical translations as compensatory strategy. Implications on the intricate relationship between culture and language in the translation process were drawn based on the findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20strategy" title="translation strategy">translation strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20equivalence" title=" dynamic equivalence"> dynamic equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20equivalence" title=" formal equivalence"> formal equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20theory" title=" translation theory"> translation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparency" title=" transparency"> transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fidelity" title=" fidelity"> fidelity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175607/translatability-of-sylistic-devices-in-poetry-across-language-cultures-an-intercultural-rhetoric-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> An Experimental Study on the Measurement of Fuel to Air Ratio Using Flame Chemiluminescence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sewon%20Kim">Sewon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Yeop%20Lee"> Chang Yeop Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjun%20Kwon"> Minjun Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is aiming at establishing the relationship between the optical signal of flame and an equivalent ratio of flame. In this experiment, flame optical signal in a furnace is measured using photodiode. The combustion system which is composed of metal fiber burner and vertical furnace and flame chemiluminescence is measured at various experimental conditions. In this study, the flame chemiluminescence of laminar premixed flame is measured by using commercially available photodiode. It is experimentally investigated the relationship between equivalent ratio and photodiode signal. In addition, The strategy of combustion control method is proposed by using the optical signal and fuel pressure. The results showed that certain relationship between optical data of photodiode and equivalence ratio exists and this leads to the successful application of this system for instantaneous measurement of equivalence ration of the combustion system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20chemiluminescence" title="flame chemiluminescence">flame chemiluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo%20diode" title=" photo diode"> photo diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20ratio" title=" equivalence ratio"> equivalence ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20control" title=" combustion control"> combustion control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2626/an-experimental-study-on-the-measurement-of-fuel-to-air-ratio-using-flame-chemiluminescence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> Low NOx Combustion of Pulverized Petroleum Cokes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sewon%20Kim">Sewon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjun%20Kwon"> Minjun Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changyeop%20Lee"> Changyeop Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is aimed to study combustion characteristics of low NOx burner using petroleum cokes as fuel. The petroleum coke, which is produced through the oil refining process, is an attractive fuel in terms of its high heating value and low price. But petroleum coke is a challenging fuel because of its low volatile content, high sulfur and nitrogen content, which give rise to undesirable emission characteristics and low ignitability. Therefore, the research and development regarding the petroleum coke burner is needed for applying this industrial system. In this study, combustion and emission characteristics of petroleum cokes burner are experimentally investigated in an industrial steam boiler. The low NOx burner is designed to control fuel and air mixing to achieve staged combustion, which, in turn reduces both flame temperature and oxygen. Air distribution ratio of triple staged air are optimized experimentally. The result showed that NOx concentration is lowest when overfire air is used, and the burner function at a fuel rich condition. That is, the burner is operated at the equivalence ratio of 1.67 and overall equivalence ratio including overfire air is kept 0.87. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20cokes" title="petroleum cokes">petroleum cokes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20NOx" title=" low NOx"> low NOx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20ratio" title=" equivalence ratio"> equivalence ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29236/low-nox-combustion-of-pulverized-petroleum-cokes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">623</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> Temperature Field Measurement of Premixed Landfill Gas Laminar Flame in a Cylindrical Slot Burner Using Mach-Zehnder Interferometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahareh%20Najafian%20Ashrafi">Bahareh Najafian Ashrafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Zeidabadinejad"> Hossein Zeidabadinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Ashjaee"> Mehdi Ashjaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The temperature field is a key factor of flame heat transfer rate and therefore should be measured accurately. In this study, the Mach-Zehnder Interferometry method is applied to measure the temperature field of premixed air/landfill gas (LFG60:60% CH4+40% CO2) laminar flame. The three-dimensional flame of cylindrical slot burner can assume to be two-dimensional due to the high aspect ratio (L/W=10) of the rectangular slot. So, the method converts two-dimensional flame to closed isothermal curves called fringes and the outer fringes temperature is measured by thermocouples. The experiments are carried out for Reynolds numbers and equivalence ratios ranging from 100 to 400 and 1.0 to 1.4, respectively. Results show that by increasing the equivalence ratio or Reynolds number, the flame height increases. The maximum flame temperature decreases by increasing the equivalence ratio but does not change considerably by changing the Reynolds number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill%20gas" title="landfill gas">landfill gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mach-Zehender%20interferometry" title=" Mach-Zehender interferometry"> Mach-Zehender interferometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premix%20flame" title=" premix flame"> premix flame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot%20burner" title=" slot burner"> slot burner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20filed" title=" temperature filed "> temperature filed </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126018/temperature-field-measurement-of-premixed-landfill-gas-laminar-flame-in-a-cylindrical-slot-burner-using-mach-zehnder-interferometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> Design, Construction And Validation Of A Simple, Low-cost Phi Meter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabrielle%20Peck">Gabrielle Peck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20Hayes"> Ryan Hayes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of a phi meter allows for definition of equivalence ratio during a fire test. Previous phi meter designs have used expensive catalysts and had restricted portability due to the large furnace and requirement for pure oxygen. The new design of the phi meter did not require the use of a catalyst. The furnace design was based on the existing micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC) furnace and operating conditions based on the secondary oxidizer furnace used in the steady state tube furnace (SSTF). Preliminary tests were conducted to study the effects of varying furnace temperatures on combustion efficiency. The SSTF was chosen to validate the phi meter measurements as it can both pre-set and independently quantify the equivalence ratio during a test. The data were in agreement with the data obtained on the SSTF. It was also validated by a comparison of CO2 yields obtained from the SSTF oxidizer and those obtained by the phi meter. The phi meter designed and constructed in this work was proven to work effectively on a bench-scale. The phi meter was then used to measure the equivalence ratio on a series of large-scale ISO 9705 tests for numerous fire conditions. The materials used were a range of non-homogenous materials such as polyurethane. The measurements corresponded accurately to the data collected, showing the novel design can be used from bench to large-scale tests to measure equivalence ratio. This cheaper, more portable, safer and easier to use phi meter design will enable more widespread use and the ability to quantify fire conditions of tests, allowing for better understanding of flammability and smoke toxicity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phi%20meter" title="phi meter">phi meter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoke%20toxicity" title=" smoke toxicity"> smoke toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20condition" title=" fire condition"> fire condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO9705" title=" ISO9705"> ISO9705</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel%20equipment" title=" novel equipment"> novel equipment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174375/design-construction-and-validation-of-a-simple-low-cost-phi-meter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Fast Prediction Unit Partition Decision and Accelerating the Algorithm Using Cudafor Intra and Inter Prediction of HEVC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Zhang">Qiang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun%20Yuan"> Chun Yuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the PU (Prediction Unit) decision process is the most time consuming part of the emerging HEVC (High Efficient Video Coding) standardin intra and inter frame coding, this paper proposes the fast PU decision algorithm and speed up the algorithm using CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). In intra frame coding, the fast PU decision algorithm uses the texture features to skip intra-frame prediction or terminal the intra-frame prediction for smaller PU size. In inter frame coding of HEVC, the fast PU decision algorithm takes use of the similarity of its own two Nx2N size PU's motion vectors and the hierarchical structure of CU (Coding Unit) partition to skip some modes of PU partition, so as to reduce the motion estimation times. The accelerate algorithm using CUDA is based on the fast PU decision algorithm which uses the GPU to make the motion search and the gradient computation could be parallel computed. The proposed algorithm achieves up to 57% time saving compared to the HM 10.0 with little rate-distortion losses (0.043dB drop and 1.82% bitrate increase on average). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEVC" title="HEVC">HEVC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PU%20decision" title=" PU decision"> PU decision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter%20prediction" title=" inter prediction"> inter prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intra%20prediction" title=" intra prediction"> intra prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CUDA" title=" CUDA"> CUDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel" title=" parallel"> parallel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9627/fast-prediction-unit-partition-decision-and-accelerating-the-algorithm-using-cudafor-intra-and-inter-prediction-of-hevc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Allocation of Mobile Units in an Urban Emergency Service System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitra%20Alexiou">Dimitra Alexiou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an urban area the allocation placement of an emergency service mobile units, such as ambulances, police patrol must be designed so as to achieve a prompt response to demand locations. In this paper, a partition of a given urban network into distinct sub-networks is performed such that; the vertices in each component are close and simultaneously the difference of the sums of the corresponding population in the sub-networks is almost uniform. The objective here is to position appropriately in each sub-network a mobile emergency unit in order to reduce the response time to the demands. A mathematical model in the framework of graph theory is developed. In order to clarify the corresponding method a relevant numerical example is presented on a small network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20partition" title="graph partition">graph partition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20service" title=" emergency service"> emergency service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distances" title=" distances"> distances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=location" title=" location"> location</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19027/allocation-of-mobile-units-in-an-urban-emergency-service-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Determining the Most Efficient Test Available in Software Testing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qasim%20Zafar">Qasim Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Anderson"> Matthew Anderson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esteban%20Garcia"> Esteban Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Drager"> Steven Drager</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software failures can present an enormous detriment to people's lives and cost millions of dollars to repair when they are unexpectedly encountered in the wild. Despite a significant portion of the software development lifecycle and resources are dedicated to testing, software failures are a relatively frequent occurrence. Nevertheless, the evaluation of testing effectiveness remains at the forefront of ensuring high-quality software and software metrics play a critical role in providing valuable insights into quantifiable objectives to assess the level of assurance and confidence in the system. As the selection of appropriate metrics can be an arduous process, the goal of this paper is to shed light on the significance of software metrics by examining a range of testing techniques and metrics as well as identifying key areas for improvement. Additionally, through this investigation, readers will gain a deeper understanding of how metrics can help to drive informed decision-making on delivering high-quality software and facilitate continuous improvement in testing practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20testing" title="software testing">software testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20metrics" title=" software metrics"> software metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testing%20effectiveness" title=" testing effectiveness"> testing effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20box%20testing" title=" black box testing"> black box testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20testing" title=" random testing"> random testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20random%20testing" title=" adaptive random testing"> adaptive random testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combinatorial%20testing" title=" combinatorial testing"> combinatorial testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzz%20testing" title=" fuzz testing"> fuzz testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition" title=" equivalence partition"> equivalence partition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20value%20analysis" title=" boundary value analysis"> boundary value analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20box%20testing" title=" white box testing"> white box testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169666/determining-the-most-efficient-test-available-in-software-testing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Contrastive Linguistics as a Way to Improve Translation Equivalence in Interlingual Lexicography: The Case of Verbs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20S.%20Zacarias">R. A. S. Zacarias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interlingual is one of the most complex, and engaging one among the several perspectives in lexicography. This is because it involves contacts and contrasts between two or more languages. Considering the fact that translation equivalence goes beyond a mere fixed relation of correspondence, understanding the differences and similarities between linguistic categories by pairs of languages is the basis for effective translations. One of the theoretical approaches that have proved useful in finding improved solutions for enhance translation equivalents for bilingual dictionaries is contrastive linguistics. This paper presents an applied qualitative research based on exploratory and descriptive approaches. This is achieved through an error analysis of students’ errors as well as by a contrastive analysis of Portuguese and English verb systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingual%20lexicography" title="bilingual lexicography">bilingual lexicography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contrastive%20linguistics" title=" contrastive linguistics"> contrastive linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20equivalent" title=" translation equivalent"> translation equivalent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Portuguese-English" title=" Portuguese-English"> Portuguese-English</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16811/contrastive-linguistics-as-a-way-to-improve-translation-equivalence-in-interlingual-lexicography-the-case-of-verbs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> Einstein’s General Equation of the Gravitational Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benzian">A. Benzian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The generalization of relativistic theory of gravity based essentially on the principle of equivalence stipulates that for all bodies, the grave mass is equal to the inert mass which leads us to believe that gravitation is not a property of the bodies themselves, but of space, and the conclusion that the gravitational field must curved space-time what allows the abandonment of Minkowski space (because Minkowski space-time being nonetheless null curvature) to adopt Riemannian geometry as a mathematical framework in order to determine the curvature. Therefore the work presented in this paper begins with the evolution of the concept of gravity then tensor field which manifests by Riemannian geometry to formulate the general equation of the gravitational field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertia" title="inertia">inertia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20of%20equivalence" title=" principle of equivalence"> principle of equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensors" title=" tensors"> tensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riemannian%20geometry" title=" Riemannian geometry"> Riemannian geometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113632/einsteins-general-equation-of-the-gravitational-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> Islam and Democracy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasrollah%20Sekhavaty">Nasrollah Sekhavaty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This topic has many points, one of which could be "the relationship between Islam and democracy". In this paper we discuss the relationship between them. The logic has taught us that there is only one relationship between an object and itself. But if we have two things, there is one of the four relations between them; contradiction, equivalence, absolute generality & peculiarity or generality & peculiarity in some respect. To clarify the relationship between Islam and democracy, at first we must examine the meaning of Islam and Democracy. Islam is a religion which has ideas about politics and governance. The politics in Islam includes both individual and social affairs, to achieve worldly and heavenly blessings. With this assumption, Islam and democracy are not the same, or contrast, nor the absolute generality & peculiarity; but, the relationship between these two concepts is the generality & peculiarity in some respect. Conclusion: If one considers democracy as content, it does not accumulate with Islam which is content. But if democracy means a structure and style of governing, then its content could be Islam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contradiction" title=" contradiction"> contradiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence" title=" equivalence"> equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20generality" title=" absolute generality"> absolute generality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generality%20%26%20peculiarity" title=" generality & peculiarity"> generality & peculiarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20545/islam-and-democracy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>