CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Penelope - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d9714c76-8642-4bf9-8838-d0b4d2f79087","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Penelope","wgTitle":"Penelope","wgCurRevisionId":1280871273,"wgRevisionId":1280871273,"wgArticleId":49169,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","CS1: long volume value","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Greek-language text","Articles needing additional references from March 2025","All articles needing additional references","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Princesses in Greek mythology","Queens in Greek mythology","Characters in the Odyssey","Mythological Laconians","Textiles in folklore","Marriage in classical antiquity","Women of Odysseus"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Penelope","wgRelevantArticleId":49169,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q165769","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg/1200px-Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg/800px-Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg/640px-Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Penelope - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Penelope rootpage-Penelope skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Penelope" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Penelope" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Penelope" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Penelope" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_The_Odyssey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_The_Odyssey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Role in <i>The Odyssey</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_The_Odyssey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_other_myths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_other_myths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Role in other myths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_other_myths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iconography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Iconography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iconography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Latin tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feminist_retellings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feminist_retellings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Feminist retellings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Feminist_retellings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Feminist retellings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Feminist_retellings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penelope's_agency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penelope's_agency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Penelope's agency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penelope's_agency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_suitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_suitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>The suitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_suitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_geese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_geese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>The geese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_geese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_archery_contest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_archery_contest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>The archery contest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_archery_contest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conclusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conclusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Conclusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conclusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Secondary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Penelope</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope_(mitologie)" title="Penelope (mitologie) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Penelope (mitologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="بينيلوبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بينيلوبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopa_(mifologiya)" title="Penelopa (mifologiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Penelopa (mifologiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Пенелопа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пенелопа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%A8lope" title="Penèlope – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Penèlope" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Пенелопа – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пенелопа" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9nelop%C3%A9" title="Pénelopé – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pénelopé" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope_(Mythologie)" title="Penelope (Mythologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Penelope (Mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B7" title="Πηνελόπη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πηνελόπη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope" title="Penélope – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Penélope" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopo" title="Penelopo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Penelopo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope_(mitologia)" title="Penelope (mitologia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Penelope (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%87" title="پنلوپه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنلوپه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9n%C3%A9lope" title="Pénélope – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pénélope" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope" title="Penélope – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Penélope" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%84%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%8E%98" title="페넬로페 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페넬로페" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A5" title="Պենելոպե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պենելոպե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopa" title="Penelopa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Penelopa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="פנלופה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנלופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94" title="პენელოპე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პენელოპე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAnelop%C3%AA" title="Pênelopê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pênelopê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelop%C4%97" title="Penelopė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Penelopė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9nelop%C3%A9" title="Pénelopé – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pénelopé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Пенелопа (митологија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пенелопа (митологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89" title="بينيلوبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بينيلوبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC" title="ペーネロペー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペーネロペー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penel%C3%B2pa" title="Penelòpa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Penelòpa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopa" title="Penelopa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Penelopa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope" title="Penélope – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Penélope" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopa" title="Penelopa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Penelopa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Пенелопа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пенелопа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopa" title="Penelopa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Penelopa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopi" title="Penelopi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Penelopi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9nelop%C3%A9" title="Pénelopé – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pénelopé" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Пенелопа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пенелопа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopa" title="Penelopa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Penelopa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5" title="เพเนโลพี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เพเนโลพี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Пенелопа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пенелопа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Penelope" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope_(mitolohiya)" title="Penelope (mitolohiya) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Penelope (mitolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E5%A6%AE%E6%B4%9B%E6%99%AE" title="潘妮洛普 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="潘妮洛普" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E6%B6%85%E6%B4%9B%E4%BD%A9" title="佩涅洛佩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="佩涅洛佩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q165769#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penelope" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Penelope" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penelope"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penelope"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Penelope" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Penelope" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&oldid=1280871273" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Penelope&id=1280871273&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPenelope"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPenelope"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Penelope&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Penelope_(mythology)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q165769" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wife of Odysseus in Greek mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Penelope_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Penelope (disambiguation)">Penelope (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional character</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394594">.mw-parser-output .ib-character{border-spacing:2px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background-color:#DEDEE2}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-character"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme">Penelope</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_(51544789732).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg/220px-Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg/330px-Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg/440px-Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Penelope</i> by <a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Drosis" title="Leonidas Drosis">Leonidas Drosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Glyptotheque_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Glyptotheque of Greece">National Glyptotheque of Greece</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data">Queen of Ithaca</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Telegonus_(son_of_Odysseus)" title="Telegonus (son of Odysseus)">Telegonus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telemachus" title="Telemachus">Telemachus</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Poliporthes" title="Poliporthes">Poliporthes</a><br /> Arcesilaus<br /><a href="/wiki/Italus" title="Italus">Italus</a><br />Mamilia<br /><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a> (alternative versions)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Icarius_(Spartan)" title="Icarius (Spartan)">Icarius</a> (father)<br /><a href="/wiki/Asterodia" title="Asterodia">Asterodia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Periboea" title="Periboea">Periboea</a> (mother) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Iphthime" title="Iphthime">Iphthime</a> (sister)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">Greek</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolphe_Yvon_Penelope_(cropped_to_image).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Adolphe_Yvon_Penelope_%28cropped_to_image%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>Penelope. Drawing after Attic pottery figure.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresco_Macellum_Pompeya_06_(cropped_to_scene).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fresco_Macellum_Pompeya_06_%28cropped_to_scene%29.jpg/220px-Fresco_Macellum_Pompeya_06_%28cropped_to_scene%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fresco_Macellum_Pompeya_06_%28cropped_to_scene%29.jpg/330px-Fresco_Macellum_Pompeya_06_%28cropped_to_scene%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fresco_Macellum_Pompeya_06_%28cropped_to_scene%29.jpg/440px-Fresco_Macellum_Pompeya_06_%28cropped_to_scene%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3121" data-file-height="3100" /></a><figcaption>Penelope encounters the returned Odysseus posing as a beggar. From a mural in the Macellum of <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Penelope</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">pə-<span style="font-size:90%">NEL</span>-ə-pee</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: Πηνελόπεια, <i>Pēnelópeia</i>, or <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Πηνελόπη</span></span>, <i>Pēnelópē</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a character in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a>.</i> She was the queen of <a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Ithaca" title="Homer's Ithaca">Ithaca</a> and was the daughter of Spartan king <a href="/wiki/Icarius_(Spartan)" title="Icarius (Spartan)">Icarius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asterodia" title="Asterodia">Asterodia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penelope is known for her fidelity to her husband <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a>, despite the attention of more than a hundred <a href="/wiki/Suitors_of_Penelope" title="Suitors of Penelope">suitors</a> during his absence. In one source, Penelope's original name was Arnacia or Arnaea.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gloss_(annotation)" title="Gloss (annotation)">Glossed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Alexandria" title="Hesychius of Alexandria">Hesychius</a> as "some kind of bird"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (today arbitrarily identified with the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_wigeon" title="Eurasian wigeon">Eurasian wigeon</a>, to which <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a> gave the binomial <i>Anas penelope</i>), where <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">-elōps</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">-έλωψ</span></span>) is a common Pre-Greek suffix for predatory animals;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the semantic relation between the proper name and the gloss is not clear. In <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Pēnelopē</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πηνελόπη</span></span>) is usually understood to combine the Greek word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">pēnē</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πήνη</span></span>), "<a href="/wiki/Weft" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft">weft</a>", and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">ōps</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὤψ</span></span>), "face", which is considered the most appropriate for a cunning weaver whose motivation is hard to decipher.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">Robert S. P. Beekes</a> believed the name to be <a href="/wiki/Pre-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Greek">Pre-Greek</a> and related to <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">pēnelops</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πηνέλοψ</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">pēnelōps</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πηνέλωψ</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_The_Odyssey">Role in <i>The Odyssey</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Role in The Odyssey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simmons_-_Penelope_De_Young_Museum_1991.68_left_side.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Penelope by Franklin Simmons, marble, 1896." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Simmons_-_Penelope_De_Young_Museum_1991.68_left_side.JPG/170px-Simmons_-_Penelope_De_Young_Museum_1991.68_left_side.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Simmons_-_Penelope_De_Young_Museum_1991.68_left_side.JPG/255px-Simmons_-_Penelope_De_Young_Museum_1991.68_left_side.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Simmons_-_Penelope_De_Young_Museum_1991.68_left_side.JPG/340px-Simmons_-_Penelope_De_Young_Museum_1991.68_left_side.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1725" data-file-height="2265" /></a><figcaption><i>Penelope</i> by <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Simmons" title="Franklin Simmons">Franklin Simmons</a> (1896), marble. On display at the <a href="/wiki/De_Young_Museum" title="De Young Museum">De Young Museum</a> in San Francisco.</figcaption></figure> <p>Penelope is married to the main character, the king of <a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Ithaca" title="Homer's Ithaca">Ithaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> (Ulysses in Roman mythology), and daughter of <a href="/wiki/Icarius_(Spartan)" title="Icarius (Spartan)">Icarius</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Periboea" title="Periboea">Periboea</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Polycaste" title="Polycaste">Polycaste</a>). She only has one son with Odysseus, <a href="/wiki/Telemachus" title="Telemachus">Telemachus</a>, who was born just before Odysseus was called to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>. She waits twenty years for Odysseus' return, during which time she devises various cunning strategies to delay marrying any of the 108 <a href="/wiki/Suitors_of_Penelope" title="Suitors of Penelope">suitors</a> (led by <a href="/wiki/Antinous_son_of_Eupeithes" class="mw-redirect" title="Antinous son of Eupeithes">Antinous</a> and including <a href="/wiki/Agelaus" title="Agelaus">Agelaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphinomus" title="Amphinomus">Amphinomus</a>, Ctessippus, <a href="/wiki/Demoptolemus" title="Demoptolemus">Demoptolemus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elatus" title="Elatus">Elatus</a>, Euryades, <a href="/wiki/Eurymachus" title="Eurymachus">Eurymachus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peisander_(mythology)" title="Peisander (mythology)">Peisander</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penelope_and_the_Suitors_-_John_William_Waterhouse_-_ABDAG003035.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Penelope_and_the_Suitors_-_John_William_Waterhouse_-_ABDAG003035.jpg/250px-Penelope_and_the_Suitors_-_John_William_Waterhouse_-_ABDAG003035.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Penelope_and_the_Suitors_-_John_William_Waterhouse_-_ABDAG003035.jpg/330px-Penelope_and_the_Suitors_-_John_William_Waterhouse_-_ABDAG003035.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Penelope_and_the_Suitors_-_John_William_Waterhouse_-_ABDAG003035.jpg/500px-Penelope_and_the_Suitors_-_John_William_Waterhouse_-_ABDAG003035.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption><i>Penelope and the Suitors</i> by <a href="/wiki/John_William_Waterhouse" title="John William Waterhouse">John William Waterhouse</a> (1911-1912)</figcaption></figure> <p>On Odysseus's return, disguised as an old beggar, he finds that Penelope has remained faithful. She has devised cunning tricks to delay the suitors, one of which is to pretend to be weaving a burial shroud for Odysseus's elderly father <a href="/wiki/Laertes_(father_of_Odysseus)" title="Laertes (father of Odysseus)">Laertes</a> and claiming that she will choose a suitor when she has finished. Every night for three years, she undoes part of the shroud, until <a href="/wiki/Melantho" title="Melantho">Melantho</a>, a slave, discovers her chicanery and reveals it to the suitors.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antoine_Bourdelle_-_P%C3%A9n%C3%A9lope_1912_-_Montauban.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Antoine_Bourdelle_-_P%C3%A9n%C3%A9lope_1912_-_Montauban.jpg/170px-Antoine_Bourdelle_-_P%C3%A9n%C3%A9lope_1912_-_Montauban.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Antoine_Bourdelle_-_P%C3%A9n%C3%A9lope_1912_-_Montauban.jpg/255px-Antoine_Bourdelle_-_P%C3%A9n%C3%A9lope_1912_-_Montauban.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Antoine_Bourdelle_-_P%C3%A9n%C3%A9lope_1912_-_Montauban.jpg/340px-Antoine_Bourdelle_-_P%C3%A9n%C3%A9lope_1912_-_Montauban.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="6871" /></a><figcaption><i>Penelope</i>, bronze by <a href="/wiki/Emile-Antoine_Bourdelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Emile-Antoine Bourdelle">Emile-Antoine Bourdelle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Penelope's efforts to delay remarriage is often seen as a symbol of marital fidelity to her husband, Odysseus.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackail-1916_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackail-1916-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But because <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> wants her "to show herself to the wooers, that she might set their hearts a-flutter and win greater honor from her husband and her son than heretofore", Penelope does eventually appear before the suitors <sup id="cite_ref-Mackail-1916_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackail-1916-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: xviii 160−162">(<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">xviii</span> 160−162)</span></sup> Irene de Jong wrote </p> <blockquote><p> As so often, it is Athena who takes the initiative in giving the story a new direction ... Usually the motives of mortal and god coincide, here they do not: Athena wants Penelope to fan the Suitors’ desire for her and (thereby) make her more esteemed by her husband and son; Penelope has no real motive ... she simply feels an unprecedented impulse to meet the men she so loathes ... adding that she might take this opportunity to talk to <a href="/wiki/Telemachus" title="Telemachus">Telemachus</a> (which she will indeed do).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>It is important to consider the alternate perspective of Penelope entertaining, and even enjoying the attention of, her suitors. Italian philosophy historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giula_Sissa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giula Sissa (page does not exist)">Giula Sissa</a> offers a unique perspective which supports this idea. The Odyssey allows room for Penelope’s identity free of being Ulysses’ wife. As she awaits his return, she makes a plan to deal with her suitors while also responding to her desires. Sissa discusses how Penelope gives her suitors the opportunity to demonstrate themselves as the best candidate for her attention. Sissa writes, </p> <blockquote><p>Penelope innovates. And she does so because she responds in the same register to the desires of the men who have been awaiting her verdict for three years. This is an erotic desire to which she reacts, first, with seductive wiles of messages and promises, and then by inviting them to demonstrate their excellence, not in terms of wealth and social prestige, but in terms of something extremely personal and physical. In order to please Penelope, they have to be on par with Ulysses in showing the might of their bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>She is ambivalent, variously asking <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> to kill her and apparently considering marrying one of the suitors. When the disguised Odysseus returns, she announces in her long interview with him that whoever can string Odysseus's rigid bow and shoot an arrow through twelve axe heads may have her hand. "For the plot of the <i>Odyssey</i>, of course, her decision is the turning point, the move that makes possible the long-predicted triumph of the returning hero".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is debate as to whether Penelope knows that it is Odysseus. Penelope and the suitors know that Odysseus (were he in fact present) would easily surpass them all in any test of masculine skill, so she may have started the contest as an opportunity for him to reveal his identity. On the other hand, because Odysseus seems to be the only person (except, perhaps, Telemachus) who can actually use the bow, she could just be further delaying her marriage to one of the suitors.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ring_Penelope_CdM_Luynes_515.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ring_Penelope_CdM_Luynes_515.jpg/170px-Ring_Penelope_CdM_Luynes_515.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ring_Penelope_CdM_Luynes_515.jpg/255px-Ring_Penelope_CdM_Luynes_515.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ring_Penelope_CdM_Luynes_515.jpg/340px-Ring_Penelope_CdM_Luynes_515.jpg 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption>Gold <a href="/wiki/Intaglio_(jewellery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intaglio (jewellery)">intaglio</a> ring, Syria, last quarter of the 5th century BC (<a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre Museum</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>When the contest of the bow begins, none of the suitors are able to string the bow, except Odysseus who wins the contest. Having done so, he proceeds to slaughter the suitors – beginning with Antinous whom he finds drinking from his cup – with help from Telemachus, Athena and the slaves <a href="/wiki/Eumaeus" title="Eumaeus">Eumaeus</a> the swineherd and <a href="/wiki/Philoetius" title="Philoetius">Philoetius</a> the cowherd. Odysseus has now revealed himself in all his glory (with a little makeover by Athena); yet Penelope cannot believe that her husband has really returned – she fears that it is perhaps some god in disguise, as in the story of <a href="/wiki/Alcmene" title="Alcmene">Alcmene</a> – and tests him by ordering her slave <a href="/wiki/Euryclea" class="mw-redirect" title="Euryclea">Eurycleia</a> to move the bed in their bridal-chamber. Odysseus protests that this cannot be done, since he made the bed himself and knows that one of its legs is a living <a href="/wiki/Olive_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive tree">olive tree</a>. Penelope finally accepts that he truly is Odysseus, a moment that highlights their <i>homophrosýnē</i> (<span class="texhtml">ὁμοφροσύνη</span>, "like-mindedness").<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homer implies that from then on Odysseus would live a long and happy life together with Penelope and Telemachus, wisely ruling his kingdom, and enjoying wide respect and much success.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_other_myths">Role in other myths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role in other myths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penelope also appears in the lost Greek epic <i><a href="/wiki/Telegony" title="Telegony">Telegony</a></i> that does not survive except in a summary, but that was attributed to <a href="/wiki/Eugamon" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugamon">Eugamon</a> or Eugammon of Cyrene and written as a sequel to the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>. According to this epic, Odysseus had a son called Telegonus with <a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a> when he was in her island. When Telegonus had grown to manhood, Circe sent him in search of Odysseus. Shipwrecked on Ithaca by a storm, Telegonus misidentified the island and, assailed by hunger, began plundering it. Odysseus and his oldest son, <a href="/wiki/Telemachus" title="Telemachus">Telemachus</a>, defended their city and, in the ensuing melée, Telegonus accidentally killed his father with a lance tipped with the venomous spine of a <a href="/wiki/Common_stingray" title="Common stingray">stingray</a>. After discovering the identity of his father, Telegonus brought Telemachus and Penelope to Circe's island. Here, Athena ordered the marriage of Telemachus to Telegonus' mother, the enchantress Circe, while Telegonus married the new widowed Penelope. After burying Odysseus, Circe made the other three immortal.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, Penelope and Telegonus had a son called <a href="/wiki/Italus" title="Italus">Italus</a> who, according to some accounts, gave his name to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This legend inspired <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a> lost tragedy <i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_Acanthoplex" title="Odysseus Acanthoplex">Odysseus Acanthoplex</a></i>. </p><p>In some early sources such as <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a>'s parents are <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> and Penelope.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all describe Hermes and Penelope as his parents. <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> records the story that Penelope had in fact been unfaithful to Odysseus, who banished her to Mantineia upon his return. In the 5th century AD <a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> names Pan's mother as Penelope of <a href="/wiki/Mantineia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantineia">Mantineia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a>. Other sources<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> report that Penelope had slept with all 108 suitors in Odysseus' absence, and gave birth to Pan as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This myth reflects the <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> that equates Pan's name (<span class="texhtml">Πάν</span>) with the Greek word for "all" (<span class="texhtml">πᾶν</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Odyssey</i> carefully suppresses this variant tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iconography">Iconography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Iconography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EB1911_Tapestry_-_Fig._3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/EB1911_Tapestry_-_Fig._3.png/220px-EB1911_Tapestry_-_Fig._3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/EB1911_Tapestry_-_Fig._3.png/330px-EB1911_Tapestry_-_Fig._3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/EB1911_Tapestry_-_Fig._3.png/440px-EB1911_Tapestry_-_Fig._3.png 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of a depiction on an Ancient Greek pottery vessel. Penelope sits before a tapestry on a <a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">warp-weighted loom</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Penelope is recognizable in Greek and Roman works, from Attic vase-paintings—the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Penelope_Painter" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Penelope Painter">Penelope Painter</a> is recognized by his representations of her—to Roman sculptures copying or improvising upon classical Greek models, by her seated pose, by her reflective gesture of leaning her cheek on her hand, and by her protectively crossed legs, reflecting her long chastity in Odysseus' absence, an unusual pose in any other figure.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latin_tradition">Latin tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Latin tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin references to Penelope revolved around her sexual loyalty to the absent Odysseus. It suited the marital aspect of Roman society representing the tranquility of the worthy family.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is mentioned by various classical authors including <a href="/wiki/Plautus" title="Plautus">Plautus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martial" title="Martial">Martial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a>. The use of Penelope in Latin texts provided a basis for her ongoing use in the Middle Ages and Renaissance as a representation of a chaste wife. This was reinforced by her being named by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Jerome" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Jerome">Saint Jerome</a> among pagan women famed for their chastity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feminist_retellings">Feminist retellings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Feminist retellings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely upon a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Penelope" title="Talk:Penelope">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit">improve this article</a> by introducing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to additional sources at this section.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In many modern-day interpretations, Penelope is traditionally viewed as a chaste and faithful wife throughout Homeric literature and is referred to as such by other characters in Greek myth such as Agamemnon and her husband Odysseus.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is due to her dedication to her sexless marriage and resistance to finding a new husband.  Many scholars and popular retellings continue to emphasize this unwavering commitment to her husband and desire for no one else due to these notions. Typical interpretations of Penelope, however, have begun to evolve due from introductions of complex feminist retellings, and because of this, she did not have as much nuance as she typically does today. Many modern-day interpretations portray Penelope as a much more complex character that embodies sensuality in her interactions with the suitors.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This recent view has been adopted for many reasons such as ambiguity within interactions between Penelope and the suitors. </p><p>The Weaving Trick is a key example of such an ambiguity. In Book 2, Penelope promises the suitors that once she has finished weaving a shroud for her father-in-law, Laertes, she will choose a suitor.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, this promise serves as a deception where each night she would undo the day’s work to gain control over the situation and postpone her unwanted marriage. While this shows an attempt to delay the suitors, there is still the issue of Penelope sending letters to each of the suitors. Scholars like Guilia Sissa claim the reasoning behind this could should an ambiguous sensuality between the two parties.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is still the perspective that these letters Penelope sends are to satiate her suitors but in the narrative, they are already content to wait for her to continue weaving until they are told otherwise by one of Penelope’s handmaids. </p><p>Besides the Weaving trick, Penelope has an extremely insightful dream. In her dream she imagines 20 Geese whom she takes care of (who are take the place of the suitors) and one day as she is tending to them an eagle swoops down and kills all of them with the eagle revealed to be Odysseus.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But instead of happiness for the return of her long-lost husband, she only expresses grief at the loss of her beloved birds. She laments in her dream and awakes out of distress. Penelope’s sadness at the loss of the suitors shows that someone she still enjoyed their company and presence within her life; to what end no one can be sure.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there are alternative interpretations that may suggest her tears stem from a fear of death and the mutilation that occurred. </p><p>Another moment that Penelope’s lust can be interpreted is within the archery challenge.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penelope promises to finally choose a suitor to whoever is able to complete her challenge, and this shows her willingness to finally move on. But when she finally thinks about leaving her husband, her main thoughts aren’t that she will not be married to him anymore, but she is saddened by the fact she will have to leave her luxurious home. Penelope’s test itself shows that if she had to pick a new husband, he must be as strong and skillful as her presumed late husband and shows she would only pick someone who would be similar to him, lest she pick someone unworthy of her.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also no real reason presented in the text for Penelope to not restate her loyalty to Odysseus and her desire to not remarry.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the text Penelope shows her agency and ability to delay but never decides to make the concrete decision to not get remarried because she hints that she does not want to be alone for the remainder of her life. Contrary to Penelope’s perceptions as a perfect wife incapable of lust or desire of people other than her husband, she shows a sensual desire to the suitors as shown in her interactions within the weaving, dream, and bow challenge. </p><p>Feminist retellings of <i>The Odyssey</i> have greatly impacted this typical perception of Penelope. These retellings portray her with more nuance and agency than older beliefs and give an opportunity for multiple perspectives.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other works such as <i>The Penelopiad</i> continue to present an alternative to the long-standing beliefs that Penelope was a passive and dutiful wife, renowned for her chaste and faithfulness.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feminist scholars instead highlight her intelligence and cunning within this male-dominated world, emphasizing her ability to manipulate the standards of women during that time that were placed upon her, such as in the example of the Weaving Trick and Bow challenge. These interpretations suggest that her fidelity is not just a matter of blind devotion to her husband but more of a deliberate and strategic choice which can be seen with the many tricks she uses in the same manner as Odysseus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penelope's_agency"><span id="Penelope.27s_agency"></span>Penelope's agency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Penelope's agency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Classics scholars tend to de-center Penelope from the narrative of the Odyssey. Despite playing a central role in Homer’s epic, academics lump Penelope’s choices as reactions to Odysseus’ absence. However, scholars like Giulia Sissa have re-established Penelope’s agency in the Odyssey. Sissa analyzes Penelope’s autonomy in her piece Sex and Sensuality in the Ancient World. Especially in a male-dominated field, we must illuminate female scholars, like Giulia Sissa, in the field of classics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_suitors">The suitors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The suitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sissa adopts a provocative interpretation of Penelope’s character. She notes that most scholars identify Penelope as “the good wife” in ancient myths. Odysseus was gone for 20 years on his journey in the Odyssey. The typical interpretation of Penelope is that she maintained her chastity to her husband. Even when Odysseus took up lovers, like Circe and Calypso, Penelope remained loyal to her husband. Compared to other wives in antiquity, like Medea, Penelope embodied the gender expectations of a wife in ancient Greece. For example, Medea killed her husband’s lover (Glauce) and her lover’s family (King Creon) in addition to killing her two sons to prevent her husband from continuing his legacy through inheritance. The accepted notion was that Penelope was loyal even when Odysseus wasn’t. Penelope was not a wicked, evil wife, like Medea, but a faithful, submissive partner. Thus, her character is often typecasted as a passive wife. Sissa refutes this conventional understanding with her "alternative narrative". Specifically, Sissa emphasizes how Penelope desired the suitors who filled Odysseus’ absence. The typical understanding of Penelope is that she is "free from desires" and is unyielding to her husband, Odysseus. But Sissa argues that Penelope considered taking a second husband. She was not "the perfect wife" blindly following her husband’s will. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_geese">The geese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The geese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Book 19, Penelope talks to Odysseus, who is disguised as a beggar/peasant. Penelope poses questions to Odysseus, unknowingly talking to her husband. Penelope shares a dream she had with him. In her dream, twenty geese were eating in the courtyard. Instantly, an eagle flies down to kill all of the geese. The eagle tells Penelope that her husband will return and retaliate against the suitors. Thus, the geese symbolize the suitors and the eagle represents Odysseus. Odysseus, still disguised as a beggar, believes the dream has meaning. He agrees with the eagle’s prophecy that Penelope’s husband will return. However, Penelope disagrees with his interpretation. She maintains her doubts about Odysseus' return and ultimately decides to follow through with a contest to choose her next husband. Penelope was skeptical of her dream and studied it on her own accord. Dreams were often seen as a divine prophecy cast down to mortals. Penelope rejects this notion by dismissing the dream. Even when a man, who is unknowingly Odysseus, agrees with the prophecy, she remains steadfast in her interpretation. Sissa's provocative interpretation of Penelope contrasts with her conventional narrative. This specific moment in Book 19 embodies Penelope’s intelligence and agency. She chooses to make her own decisions, regardless of the gods or what men in her life suggest. Her decisions are hers and hers alone. This is true because Penelope has desires. Penelope does not solely exist as an object for Odyseeus' mantle. She is her own person and considers the idea of having a second husband. This moment encapsulates her desire and decision-making capabilities, which clashes with the typical understanding that Penelope is a devoted housewife to Odysseus. Sissa notes that although the audience knows the end of the Odyssey, where Odysseus does come back, that does not negate the decision Penelope makes in Book 19. Her choice still has meaning even if the plot reveals a different outcome. This choice demonstrates Penelope’s assertions. She wanted a second husband and decided to follow through with that decision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_archery_contest">The archery contest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The archery contest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Penelope decides to take a second husband, she conducts a contest to find her next partner. In Book 21, Penelope hosts an archery contest. Each contestant must string Odysseus’ bow and shoot an arrow through twelve axe heads. Sissa asserts that Penelope wants a husband of the same caliber as Odysseus. Thus, she does not want to settle for anything less than what she deserves. Even the concept of the archery contest itself emphasizes Penelope’s intelligence. Sissa notes that Penelope was already an “outsider” in Odysseus’ house. If Odysseus does not return, it is expected of Penelope to follow her new husband or return to her father. But, Penelope’s clever archery contest skips the extra step of returning to her father’s house as she can leave directly with the winner. Thus, Penelope’s archery contest asserts her independence as she takes control over her fate. Her future does not lie with her father or husband. Instead, as Sissa corroborates, Penelope’s decision to host the contest embodies her desire and decision-making process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conclusion">Conclusion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Conclusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Sissa argues, Penelope is not a passive “perfect” wife. She has desires which she fulfills through her choices throughout the Odyssey (823). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Odysseus spends ten years in the Trojan War, and ten years <a href="/wiki/Nostos" title="Nostos">travelling home</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymn to Pan</a> is the earliest known example of such wordplay: It suggests that <a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a>’s name was based on the fact that he delighted “<i>all</i>” of the gods.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2000). "Penelope". <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (2nd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-36467-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-36467-1"><bdi>0-582-36467-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Penelope&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-582-36467-1&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=penelope-bio-1">"A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Penelope"</a>. <i>www.perseus.tufts.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.perseus.tufts.edu&rft.atitle=A+Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+biography+and+mythology%2C+Penelope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aentry%3Dpenelope-bio-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDindorf1855" class="citation book cs1">Dindorf, W. (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scholiagrcainho01homegoog/page/n313/mode/2up"><i>Scholia Graeca in Homeri Odysseam</i></a>. Oxford Academic Press. 4.797.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scholia+Graeca+in+Homeri+Odysseam&rft.pages=4.797&rft.pub=Oxford+Academic+Press&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Dindorf&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscholiagrcainho01homegoog%2Fpage%2Fn313%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lycophron" title="Lycophron">Lycophron</a>, <i>Alexandra</i> 792</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF543%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B9/%CE%A0">Γλῶσσαι</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeno.org/Pape-1880/A/%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%B1%CE%BB%E1%BD%BD%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%BE">Zeno.org lemma</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211212525/http://www.zeno.org/Pape-1880/A/%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%B1%CE%BB%E1%BD%BD%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%BE">Archived</a> 2008-12-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> relating <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πηνέλωψ</span></span> (gen. <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πηνέλοπος</span></span>) and <a class="external text" href="https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B9/%CE%A7"><<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">χην(ά)λοπες</span></span>>· <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὄρνεα</span></span> (predators) <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ποιά. ὅπερ ἔνιοι <χηναλώπεκες></span></span></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211193804/http://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B9/%CE%A7">Archived</a> 2008-12-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the mythology of weaving, see <a href="/wiki/Weaving_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weaving (mythology)">Weaving (mythology)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFR._S._P._Beekes2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">R. S. P. Beekes</a> (2009). <i>Etymological Dictionary of Greek</i>. Brill. p. 1186.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek&rft.pages=1186&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.au=R.+S.+P.+Beekes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHomer2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> (2008). "The Odyssey". <i>The Iliad & The Odyssey</i>. Vol. Book XVI. Translated by Butler, Samuel. Penguin. p. 628. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4351-1043-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4351-1043-4"><bdi>978-1-4351-1043-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Odyssey&rft.btitle=The+Iliad+%26+The+Odyssey&rft.pages=628&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4351-1043-4&rft.au=Homer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSt._Clair2018" class="citation book cs1">St. Clair, Kassia (2018). <i>The Golden Thread: How fabric changed history</i>. London, UK: John Murray. pp. <span class="nowrap">11–</span>12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4736-5903-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4736-5903-2"><bdi>978-1-4736-5903-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1057250632">1057250632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Thread%3A+How+fabric+changed+history&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1057250632&rft.isbn=978-1-4736-5903-2&rft.aulast=St.+Clair&rft.aufirst=Kassia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackail-1916-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mackail-1916_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackail-1916_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMackail1916" class="citation book cs1">Mackail, J.W. (1916). <i>Penelope in the Odyssey</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penelope+in+the+Odyssey&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Mackail&rft.aufirst=J.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFde_Jong2001" class="citation book cs1">de Jong, Irene (2001). <i>A Narratological Commentary on the Odyssey</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 445. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-46844-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-46844-2"><bdi>0-521-46844-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Narratological+Commentary+on+the+Odyssey&rft.pages=445&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-521-46844-2&rft.aulast=de+Jong&rft.aufirst=Irene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSissa2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Giulia_Sissa" title="Giulia Sissa">Sissa, Giulia</a> (2008). <i>Eros tiranno: sessualità e sensualità nel mondo antico</i> [<i>Sex and sensuality in the ancient world.</i>] (in Italian). Translated by Staunton, George. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eros+tiranno%3A+sessualit%C3%A0+e+sensualit%C3%A0+nel+mondo+antico&rft.pub=New+Haven+and+London%3A+Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Sissa&rft.aufirst=Giulia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKnox1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Knox" title="Bernard Knox">Knox, B.</a> (1996). "Introduction". <i>The Odyssey</i>. p. 55. <q>translation by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fagles" title="Robert Fagles">Robert Fagles</a></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Odyssey&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReece2011" class="citation journal cs1">Reece, Steve (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/30640742">"Penelope's 'early recognition' of Odysseus from a neoanalytic and oral perspective"</a>. <i>College Literature</i>. <b>38</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">101–</span>117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Flit.2011.0017">10.1353/lit.2011.0017</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170743678">170743678</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240525100043/https://www.academia.edu/30640742">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+Literature&rft.atitle=Penelope%27s+%27early+recognition%27+of+Odysseus+from+a+neoanalytic+and+oral+perspective&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E101-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Flit.2011.0017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170743678%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Reece&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F30640742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAustin1975" class="citation book cs1">Austin, Norman (1975). <i>Archery at the Dark of the Moon: Poetic problems in Homer's Odyssey</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 231.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archery+at+the+Dark+of+the+Moon%3A+Poetic+problems+in+Homer%27s+Odyssey&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawallPattersonSpacks1984" class="citation book cs1">Lawall, Thalman; Patterson, James; Spacks (1984). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey" class="mw-redirect" title="The Odyssey">The Odyssey</a></i>. The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. New York, NY / London, UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Odyssey&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY+%2F+London%2C+UK&rft.series=The+Norton+Anthology+of+Western+Literature&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Lawall&rft.aufirst=Thalman&rft.au=Patterson%2C+James&rft.au=Spacks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apollodorus, Epitome 7.37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hyginus, <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206#127">127</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329161255/https://topostext.org/work/206#127">Archived</a> 2019-03-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPindar" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bowra" title="Maurice Bowra">Bowra, Maurice</a> (ed.). <i>Fragment 90</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fragment+90&rft.au=Pindar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerodotus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">Historíai̯</a></i>. 2.145.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histor%C3%ADai%CC%AF&rft.pages=2.145&rft.au=Herodotus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCicero" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/De_Natura_Deorum" title="De Natura Deorum">De Natura Deorum</a></i>. 3.22.56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Natura+Deorum&rft.pages=3.22.56&rft.au=Cicero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPseudo-Apollodorus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Pseudo-Apollodorus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)</a></i>. 7.38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliotheca+%28Pseudo-Apollodorus%29&rft.pages=7.38&rft.au=Pseudo-Apollodorus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaius_Julius_Hyginus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Gaius Julius Hyginus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i>. 224.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fabulae&rft.pages=224&rft.au=Gaius+Julius+Hyginus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPausanias" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Greece" title="Description of Greece">Description of Greece</a></i>. 8.12.5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+of+Greece&rft.pages=8.12.5&rft.au=Pausanias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNonnus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i>. 14.92.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dionysiaca&rft.pages=14.92&rft.au=Nonnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Duris_of_Samos" title="Duris of Samos">Duris of Samos</a>;<br /><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Maurus Servius Honoratus</a> (commentator on <a href="/wiki/Vergil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergil">Vergil</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPseudo-Apollodorus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)#Pseudo-Apollodorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Pseudo-Apollodorus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QKMNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA305">"[footnote]"</a>. In Capps, E.; Page, T.E.; Rouse, W.H.D. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a></i> [<i>The Library</i>]. Webster Collection of Social Anthropology. p. 305 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%5Bfootnote%5D&rft.btitle=Bibliotheca&rft.series=Webster+Collection+of+Social+Anthropology&rft.pages=305&rft.au=Pseudo-Apollodorus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQKMNAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNelson2021" class="citation journal cs1">Nelson, Thomas J. (2021-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/yago/5/1/article-p25_2.xml">"Intertextual Agōnes in Archaic Greek Epic: Penelope vs. the Catalogue of Women"</a>. <i>Yearbook of Ancient Greek Epic Online</i>. <b>5</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">42–</span>43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F24688487-00501002">10.1163/24688487-00501002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2405-450X">2405-450X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220509195732/https://brill.com/view/journals/yago/5/1/article-p25_2.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yearbook+of+Ancient+Greek+Epic+Online&rft.atitle=Intertextual+Ag%C5%8Dnes+in+Archaic+Greek+Epic%3A+Penelope+vs.+the+Catalogue+of+Women&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.date=2021-11-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F24688487-00501002&rft.issn=2405-450X&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fyago%2F5%2F1%2Farticle-p25_2.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">But compare, for an unusual exception, the seated <i>aulos</i> player on the "<a href="/wiki/Ludovisi_Throne" title="Ludovisi Throne">Ludovisi Throne</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMactoux1975" class="citation book cs1">Mactoux, Marie-Madeleine (1975). <i>Pénélope: Légende et Mythe</i>. Paris: Annales Litteraires de L'Universite de Basancon. pp. <span class="nowrap">129–</span>30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=P%C3%A9n%C3%A9lope%3A+L%C3%A9gende+et+Mythe&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E129-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.pub=Annales+Litteraires+de+L%27Universite+de+Basancon&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Mactoux&rft.aufirst=Marie-Madeleine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNixon1968" class="citation book cs1">Nixon, Paul (1968). <i>Plautus</i>. London: William Heinemann Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plautus&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Heinemann+Ltd&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span> She is mentioned in the opening lines of the play Stychus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPropertius2004" class="citation book cs1">Propertius (2004). <i>Complete Elegies of Propertius</i>. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Elegies+of+Propertius&rft.place=Princeton+and+Oxford&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Propertius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span>see Elegies 2.6; 2.9 and 3.12. Propertius was one of the few Latin authors to mention Penelope's weaving ruse.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/homer/the-odyssey/william-cullen-bryant/text">"The Odyssey - Table of Contents"</a>. <i>standardebooks.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=standardebooks.org&rft.atitle=The+Odyssey+-+Table+of+Contents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstandardebooks.org%2Febooks%2Fhomer%2Fthe-odyssey%2Fwilliam-cullen-bryant%2Ftext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300108804/sex-and-sensuality-in-the-ancient-world/">"Sex and Sensuality in the Ancient World"</a>. <i>Yale University Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yale+University+Press&rft.atitle=Sex+and+Sensuality+in+the+Ancient+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyalebooks.yale.edu%2Fbook%2F9780300108804%2Fsex-and-sensuality-in-the-ancient-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groveatlantic.com/book/the-penelopiad/">"The Penelopiad"</a>. <i>Grove Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grove+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Penelopiad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroveatlantic.com%2Fbook%2Fthe-penelopiad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenelope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Homer, <i>Odyssey</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i>Heroides I</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactantius_Placidus" title="Lactantius Placidus">Lactantius Placidus</a>, <i>Commentarii in <a href="/wiki/Publius_Papinius_Statius" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Papinius Statius">Statii</a> <a href="/wiki/Thebaid_(Latin_poem)" title="Thebaid (Latin poem)">Thebaida</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <i>The Library</i> with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99135-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99135-4">0-674-99135-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021">Greek text available from the same website</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Gaius Julius Hyginus</a>, <i>Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus</i> translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Secondary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Amory, Anne (1963), ‘The reunion of Odysseus and Penelope’, in Charles H. Taylor (ed.) <i>Essays on the Odyssey: Selected Modern Criticism</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 100–36.</li> <li>Clayton, Barbara (2004), <i>A Penelopean Poetics: Reweaving the Feminine in Homer's Odyssey</i>. Lanham, Maryland and Oxford: Lexington Books.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Cohen" title="Beth Cohen">Cohen, Beth</a> (1995, ed.), <i>The Distaff Side: Representing the Female in Homer's Odyssey</i>. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Doherty, Lillian E. (1995), <i>Siren Songs: Gender, Audiences, and Narrators in the Odyssey</i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Felson" title="Nancy Felson">Felson, Nancy</a> (1994). Regarding Penelope: From Character to Poetics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.</li> <li>Finley, M.I. <i>The World of Odysseus</i>, London. Pelican Books (1962).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Hall" title="Edith Hall">Hall, Edith</a> (2008), <i>The Return of Ulysses: A Cultural History of Homer's Odyssey</i>. London and New York: I. B. Tauris.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Gold_Heilbrun" title="Carolyn Gold Heilbrun">Heilbrun, Carolyn G.</a> (1991), ‘What was Penelope unweaving?’, in Heilbrun, <i>Hamlet's Mother and Other Women: Feminist Essays on Literature</i>. London: The Women's Press, pp. 103–11.</li> <li>Heitman, Richard (2005), Taking her Seriously: Penelope and the Plot of Homer's Odyssey. Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-11489-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-11489-1">0-472-11489-1</a>.</li> <li>Katz, Marylin Arthur (1991), <i>Penelope's Renown: Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press.</li> <li>Marquardt, Patricia A. (1985), ‘Penelope “ΠΟΛΥΤΡΟΠΟΣ”’, <i>American Journal of Philology</i> 106, 32-48.</li> <li>Nelson, Thomas J. (2021), ‘Intertextual Agōnes in Archaic Greek Epic: Penelope vs. the Catalogue of Women’, <i>Yearbook of Ancient Greek Epic</i> 5, 25–57.</li> <li>Reece, Steve, "Penelope's ‘Early Recognition’ of Odysseus from a Neoanalytic and Oral Perspective," <i>College Literature</i> 38.2 (2011) 101-117. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/30640742/Penelopes_Early_Recognition_of_Odysseus_from_a_Neoanalytic_and_Oral_Perspective">Penelopes_Early_Recognition_of_Odysseus</a></li> <li>Roisman, Hanna M. (1987), ‘Penelope's indignation’, <i>Transactions of the American Philological Association</i> 117, 59-68.</li> <li>Schein, Seth L. (1996, ed.), Reading the Odyssey: Selected Interpretive Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-04440-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-04440-6">0-691-04440-6</a></li> <li>Wohl, Victoria Josselyn (1993), ‘Standing by the stathmos: the creation of sexual ideology in the <i>Odyssey</i>’, <i>Arethusa</i> 26, 19-50.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froma_Zeitlin" title="Froma Zeitlin">Zeitlin, Froma</a> (1996). 'Figuring fidelity in Homer's <i>Odyssey</i> in Froma Zeitlin, <i>Playing the Other: Gender and Society in Classical Greek Literature</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 19–52.</li> <li>Zerba, Michelle (2009), ‘What Penelope knew: doubt and scepticism in the <i>Odyssey</i>’, <i>Classical Quarterly</i> 59, 295-316.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelope&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Penelope_(mythology)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Penelope (mythology)">Penelope (mythology)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1921 <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's Encyclopedia</a></i> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Penelope" class="extiw" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Penelope">Penelope</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136"><i>Odyssey</i> in English on the Perseus Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070517031628/http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=930&handle=li"><i>Penelope Unravelling Her Web</i></a> – a painting of Penelope by Joseph Wright of Derby (from the Getty Museum)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325174836/http://beckydaroff.com/stories/details.php?recordID=173"><i>Penelope and the Suitors</i>, a painting by John William Waterhouse; explore other paintings depicting Penelope</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Homer&#039;s_Odyssey344" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Odyssey" title="Template:Odyssey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Odyssey" title="Template talk:Odyssey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Odyssey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Odyssey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Homer&#039;s_Odyssey344" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Homeric_characters" title="List of Homeric characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penelope</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemachus" title="Telemachus">Telemachus</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctimene" title="Ctimene">Ctimene</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticlea" title="Anticlea">Anticlea</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laertes_(father_of_Odysseus)" title="Laertes (father of Odysseus)">Laertes</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus" title="Autolycus">Autolycus</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurycleia_of_Ithaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurycleia of Ithaca">Eurycleia</a> (chief servant)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentor_(Odyssey)" title="Mentor (Odyssey)">Mentor</a> (advisor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phemius" title="Phemius">Phemius</a> (musician)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumaeus" title="Eumaeus">Eumaeus</a> (swineherd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philoetius" title="Philoetius">Philoetius</a> (cowherd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanthius_(Odyssey)" title="Melanthius (Odyssey)">Melanthius</a> (goatherd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melantho_(Odyssey)" title="Melantho (Odyssey)">Melantho</a> (maid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medon_(mythology)" title="Medon (mythology)">Medon</a> (herald)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argos_(dog)" title="Argos (dog)">Argos</a> (pet dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other monarchs<br />and royals</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcinous" title="Alcinous">Alcinous</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scheria" title="Scheria">Phaeacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphates" title="Antiphates">Antiphates</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Laestrygonians" title="Laestrygonians">Laestrygones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretus" title="Aretus">Aretus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete_(mythology)" title="Arete (mythology)"> Arete</a> of Phaeacia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deucalion_of_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Deucalion of Crete">Deucalion of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echetus" title="Echetus">Echetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">Pylos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echephron" title="Echephron">Echephron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_(son_of_Nestor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus (son of Nestor)">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratichus" title="Stratichus">Stratichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peisistratus_(Odyssey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peisistratus (Odyssey)">Peisistratus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a></li> <li>Princess <a href="/wiki/Nausicaa" title="Nausicaa">Nausicaa</a> of Phaeacia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodamas" title="Laodamas">Laodamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idomeneus" class="mw-redirect" title="Idomeneus">Idomeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentes_(King_of_the_Taphians)" title="Mentes (King of the Taphians)">Mentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasymedes_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrasymedes (mythology)">Thrasymedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolus" title="Aeolus">Aeolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)" title="Calypso (mythology)">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothea" title="Leucothea">Leucothea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ino_(Greek_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ino (Greek mythology)">Ino</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_of_the_Sea" title="Old Man of the Sea">Old Man of the Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suitors_of_Penelope" title="Suitors of Penelope">Suitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agelaus" title="Agelaus">Agelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphimedon" title="Amphimedon">Amphimedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphinomus" title="Amphinomus">Amphinomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antinous_of_Ithaca" title="Antinous of Ithaca">Antinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesippus" title="Ctesippus">Ctesippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demoptolemus" title="Demoptolemus">Demoptolemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurymachus" title="Eurymachus">Eurymachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leodes" title="Leodes">Leodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perimedes" title="Perimedes">Perimedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticlus" title="Anticlus">Anticlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphus" title="Antiphus">Antiphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopes" title="Cyclopes">Cyclopes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polyphemus" title="Polyphemus">Polyphemus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demodocus_(Odyssey_character)" title="Demodocus (Odyssey character)">Demodocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolius" title="Dolius">Dolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpenor" title="Elpenor">Elpenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupeithes" title="Eupeithes">Eupeithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euryalus" title="Euryalus">Euryalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurylochus" title="Eurylochus">Eurylochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halitherses" title="Halitherses">Halitherses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles#Hero_or_god" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaeus" title="Arnaeus">Irus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicones" title="Cicones">Kikonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestrygonians" title="Laestrygonians">Laestrygones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesaulius" title="Mesaulius">Mesaulius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polites_(friend_of_Odysseus)" title="Polites (friend of Odysseus)">Polites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydamna" title="Polydamna">Polydamna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charybdis" title="Charybdis">Charybdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Sirens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoclymenus" title="Theoclymenus">Theoclymenus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Odyssey" title="Geography of the Odyssey">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeaea" title="Aeaea">Aeaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolia_(mythical_island)" title="Aeolia (mythical island)">Aeolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismarus_(Thrace)" title="Ismarus (Thrace)">Ismarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Ithaca" title="Homer's Ithaca">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogygia" title="Ogygia">Ogygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheria" title="Scheria">Scheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepylos" title="Telepylos">Telepylos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrinacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrinacia">Thrinacia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_scholarship" title="Homeric scholarship">Homeric scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Laughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Laughter">Homeric Laughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Question" title="Homeric Question">Homeric Question</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorizontes" title="Chorizontes">Chorizontes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgensen%27s_law" title="Jørgensen's law">Jørgensen's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Iliad" title="Historicity of the Iliad">Historicity of the Iliad</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_Unbound" title="Odysseus Unbound">Odysseus Unbound</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Ithaca" title="Homer's Ithaca">Homer's Ithaca</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Cave_of_the_Nymphs_in_the_Odyssey" title="On the Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey">On the Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rediscovering_Homer" title="Rediscovering Homer">Rediscovering Homer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermoniakos%27_Iliad" title="Hermoniakos' Iliad">Hermoniakos' Iliad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysteron_proteron" title="Hysteron proteron">Hysteron proteron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithets_in_Homer" title="Epithets in Homer">Epithets in Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactylic_hexameter" title="Dactylic hexameter">Dactylic hexameter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_translations_of_Homer" title="English translations of Homer">Translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Translating_Homer" title="On Translating Homer">On Translating Homer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(George_Chapman_translation)" title="Odyssey (George Chapman translation)">Chapman</a> (1614–1615)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(Alexander_Pope_translation)" title="Odyssey (Alexander Pope translation)">Pope</a> (1725–1726)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(Richmond_Lattimore_translation)" title="Odyssey (Richmond Lattimore translation)">Lattimore</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(Emily_Wilson_translation)" title="Odyssey (Emily Wilson translation)">Wilson</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_medias_res" title="In medias res">In medias res</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_Scylla_and_Charybdis" title="Between Scylla and Charybdis">Between Scylla and Charybdis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Odissea_(1911_film)" title="L'Odissea (1911 film)">L'Odissea</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(1954_film)" title="Ulysses (1954 film)">Ulysses</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Ringo" title="The Return of Ringo">The Return of Ringo</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nostos:_The_Return" title="Nostos: The Return">Nostos: The Return</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses%27_Gaze" title="Ulysses' Gaze">Ulysses' Gaze</a></i> (1995 Greek)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sans_plomb_(film)" title="Sans plomb (film)">Sans plomb</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O_Brother,_Where_Art_Thou%3F" title="O Brother, Where Art Thou?">O Brother, Where Art Thou?</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_(film)" title="Keyhole (film)">Keyhole</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_(2024_film)" title="The Return (2024 film)">The Return</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(2026_film)" title="The Odyssey (2026 film)">The Odyssey</a></i> (2026)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(1968_miniseries)" title="The Odyssey (1968 miniseries)">The Odyssey</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_31" title="Ulysses 31">Ulysses 31</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(1997_miniseries)" title="The Odyssey (1997 miniseries)">The Odyssey</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_Odyssey" title="Mission Odyssey">Mission Odyssey</a></i> (2002–2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_and_the_Isle_of_the_Mists" title="Odysseus and the Isle of the Mists">Odysseus and the Isle of the Mists</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Odyssey" title="Star Trek: Odyssey">Star Trek: Odyssey</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prose fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_True_Story" title="A True Story">A True Story</a></i> (2nd century AD)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Aventures_de_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9maque" title="Les Aventures de Télémaque">Les Aventures de Télémaque</a></i> (1699)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Desire" title="The World's Desire">The World's Desire</a></i> (1890)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Human_Comedy_(novel)" title="The Human Comedy (novel)">The Human Comedy</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Ithaca_(novel)" title="Return to Ithaca (novel)">Return to Ithaca</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Daughter" title="Homer's Daughter">Homer's Daughter</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Fish:_A_Novel_of_Mythic_Proportions" title="Big Fish: A Novel of Mythic Proportions">Big Fish: A Novel of Mythic Proportions</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Penelopiad" title="The Penelopiad">The Penelopiad</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Books_of_the_Odyssey" title="The Lost Books of the Odyssey">The Lost Books of the Odyssey</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Circe_(novel)" title="Circe (novel)">Circe</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/On_First_Looking_into_Chapman%27s_Homer" title="On First Looking into Chapman's Homer">On First Looking into Chapman's Homer</a>" (1816)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(poem)" title="Ulysses (poem)">Ulysses</a>" (1842)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ithaca_(poem)" title="Ithaca (poem)">Ithaca</a>" (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey:_A_Modern_Sequel" title="The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel">The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cantos" title="The Cantos">The Cantos</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Operetta" title="Pagan Operetta">Pagan Operetta</a></i> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Current_Nobody" title="Current Nobody">Current Nobody</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyclops_(play)" title="Cyclops (play)">Cyclops</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ithaka_(play)" title="Ithaka (play)">Ithaka</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_ritorno_d%27Ulisse_in_patria" title="Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria">Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria</a></i> (opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Apple_(musical)" title="The Golden Apple (musical)">The Golden Apple</a></i> (musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glam_Slam_Ulysses" title="Glam Slam Ulysses">Glam Slam Ulysses</a></i> (musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_Sweet_Homer_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Sweet Homer (musical)">Home Sweet Homer</a></i> (musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus,_Verbrecher" title="Odysseus, Verbrecher">Odysseus, Verbrecher</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penelope_(Enda_Walsh_play)" title="Penelope (Enda Walsh play)">Penelope</a></i> (play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epic:_The_Musical" title="Epic: The Musical">Epic: The Musical</a></i> (album series)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Brave_Ulysses" title="Tales of Brave Ulysses">Tales of Brave Ulysses</a>" (song)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(album)" title="The Odyssey (album)">The Odyssey</a></i> (album)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jar_(pelike)_with_Odysseus_and_Elpenor" title="Jar (pelike) with Odysseus and Elpenor">Jar with Odysseus and Elpenor</a> (c. 440 B.C.)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_on_the_Island_of_the_Phaecians" title="Odysseus on the Island of the Phaecians">Odysseus on the Island of the Phaecians</a></i> (c. 1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telemachus_and_the_Nymphs_of_Calypso" title="Telemachus and the Nymphs of Calypso">Telemachus and the Nymphs of Calypso</a></i> (1782)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorrow_of_Telemachus" title="The Sorrow of Telemachus">The Sorrow of Telemachus</a></i> (1783)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_at_the_Court_of_Alcinous" title="Odysseus at the Court of Alcinous">Odysseus at the Court of Alcinous</a></i> (1816)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Homer_(Ingres)" title="The Apotheosis of Homer (Ingres)">The Apotheosis of Homer</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_Deriding_Polyphemus" title="Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus">Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sirens_and_Ulysses" title="The Sirens and Ulysses">The Sirens and Ulysses</a></i> (1837)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Circe_Offering_the_Cup_to_Ulysses" title="Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses">Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_and_the_Sirens_(Waterhouse)" title="Ulysses and the Sirens (Waterhouse)">Ulysses and the Sirens</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_and_Polyphemus_(B%C3%B6cklin)" title="Odysseus and Polyphemus (Böcklin)">Odysseus and Polyphemus</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_and_the_Sirens_(Draper)" title="Ulysses and the Sirens (Draper)">Ulysses and the Sirens</a></i> (1909)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey:_The_Search_for_Ulysses" title="Odyssey: The Search for Ulysses">Odyssey: The Search for Ulysses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_and_the_Amazing_Odyssey" title="Wishbone and the Amazing Odyssey">Wishbone and the Amazing Odyssey</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Homer" title="Apotheosis of Homer">Apotheosis of Homer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekyia" title="Nekyia">Nekyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostos" title="Nostos">Nostos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outis" title="Outis">Outis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns_from_Troy" title="Returns from Troy">Returns from Troy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telemachy" title="Telemachy">Telemachy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse" title="Trojan Horse">Trojan Horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Odyssey" title="Category:Odyssey">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165769#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1752" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165769#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1752" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165769#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/47558096">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/203028075">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49151776766718012004">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjvPMHJ6RcRVqgp48Yy7h3">WorldCat</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjKcy4mF9GcKfvFd88qDC3">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118790277">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2018071028">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124806442">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124806442">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX546519">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810676520305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987011425240305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620064906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118790277">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034007202">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penelope&oldid=1280871273">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penelope&oldid=1280871273</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Princesses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Category:Princesses in Greek mythology">Princesses in Greek mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Queens_in_Greek_mythology" title="Category:Queens in Greek mythology">Queens in Greek mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Characters_in_the_Odyssey" title="Category:Characters in the Odyssey">Characters in the Odyssey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythological_Laconians" title="Category:Mythological Laconians">Mythological Laconians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Textiles_in_folklore" title="Category:Textiles in folklore">Textiles in folklore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marriage_in_classical_antiquity" title="Category:Marriage in classical antiquity">Marriage in classical antiquity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_of_Odysseus" title="Category:Women of Odysseus">Women of Odysseus</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2025" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2025">Articles needing additional references from March 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 March 2025, at 23:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penelope&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Penelope</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>56 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-dd5c8cc7b-w68dr","wgBackendResponseTime":197,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.882","walltime":"1.135","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4384,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":113863,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4508,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":126025,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 972.462 1 -total"," 31.45% 305.880 2 Template:Reflist"," 21.46% 208.724 22 Template:Cite_book"," 14.98% 145.650 12 Template:Lang"," 11.19% 108.832 1 Template:Cite_LPD"," 9.03% 87.812 2 Template:Short_description"," 8.46% 82.242 1 Template:Characters_in_the_Odyssey"," 8.39% 81.619 2 Template:Navbox"," 7.41% 72.066 1 Template:Infobox_character"," 6.20% 60.254 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.573","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17469827,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-8669bc5c8-4r7xj","timestamp":"20250318154931","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Penelope","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penelope","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q165769","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q165769","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-04-15T09:23:24Z","dateModified":"2025-03-16T23:00:30Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b3\/Exposition_Paris-Ath%C3%A8nes_au_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_%C3%A0_Paris_-parisathenes_%2851544789732%29.jpg","headline":"wife of Odysseus in Greek mythology"}</script> </body> </html>