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card"><div class="d-block position-relative mb-3 rounded-2 tease-thumbnail overflow-hidden"><img width="800" height="425" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?resize=800%2C425" class="tease-thumbnail__img d-block width-full height-auto aspect-ratio-1032-548 object-fit-cover" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?w=516 516w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></div><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/get-started" class="d-block mb-2 f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold card__link">Get started with GitHub documentation</a><p 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</li> <li id="menu-item-78868" class="p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-8 col-4 color-bg-subtle card"><div class="d-block position-relative mb-3 rounded-2 tease-thumbnail overflow-hidden"><img width="800" height="425" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.42.45 AM.png?resize=800%2C425" class="tease-thumbnail__img d-block width-full height-auto aspect-ratio-1032-548 object-fit-cover" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.42.45 AM.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.42.45 AM.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.42.45 AM.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.42.45 AM.png?w=516 516w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></div><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/how-we-use-github-to-be-more-productive-collaborative-and-secure/" class="d-block mb-2 f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold card__link">How we use GitHub to be more productive, collaborative, and secure</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Our engineering and security teams do some incredible work. Let’s take a look at how we use GitHub to be more productive, build collaboratively, and shift security left.</p><span class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center" role="presentation">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1 mt-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></span></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-78832"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-3 f4-mktg text-bold js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-78832-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Enterprise software<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon d-block ml-1 mt-1 color-fg-muted" role="presentation"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 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color-fg-muted">Explore how to write, build, and deploy enterprise software at scale.</p></div> <ul class="d-flex flex-wrap list-style-none" aria-label="Enterprise software sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-78833" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/automation/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Automation</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Automating your way to faster and more secure ships.</p></li> <li id="menu-item-78834" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/ci-cd/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">CI/CD</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Guides on continuous integration and delivery.</p></li> <li id="menu-item-78835" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a 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https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.43.47 AM.png?w=516 516w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></div><a href="https://resources.github.com/artificial-intelligence/how-enterprise-engineering-teams-can-successfully-adopt-ai/" class="d-block mb-2 f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold card__link">How enterprise engineering teams can successfully adopt AI</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how to bring AI to your engineering teams and maximize the value that you get from it.</p><span class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center" role="presentation">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1 mt-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></span></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-78840"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/" 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href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/governance-and-compliance/">Governance & compliance</a></span></span></div> <h1 class="h3-mktg lh-condensed mb-3 color-fg-default">Demonstrating end-to-end traceability with pull requests</h1> <div class="f4-mktg"> <p>Reduce developer and auditor friction involved in demonstrating compliance and maintaining end-to-end traceability by focusing your efforts around the pull request.</p> </div> </div> <div class="offset-lg-1 col-lg-10"> <div class="position-relative overflow-hidden rounded-2 z-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" width="1032" height="548" class=" d-block width-full height-auto" role="presentation"></svg> <img width="1200" height="640" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/This-Grid-1200x640-10.png?resize=1200%2C640" class="d-block cover-image wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/This-Grid-1200x640-10.png?w=1200 1200w, 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Holleran" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Philip Holleran</a><span class="mx-2">·</span><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/pholleran" class="Link--primary" aria-label="GitHub profile of pholleran">@pholleran</a> </span> </span> </div> </div> <div data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light_tritanopia" class="d-flex flex-column flex-md-row text-mono color-fg-muted"> <time datetime="2023-07-11" class="d-block"> July 11, 2023 </time> <span class="d-none d-md-block mx-3">|</span> <time datetime="2023-07-12" class="d-block mt-1 mt-md-0"> Updated July 12, 2023 </time> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center mt-2 mt-md-0"> <span class="d-none d-md-block mx-3">|</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="mr-2"> <path fill="currentcolor" d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm7-3.25v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 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status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-enterprise-software category-governance-and-compliance tag-compliance tag-developer-experience tag-github-enterprise tag-pull-requests"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>Understanding what was changed and why is vital to understanding the state of any system. This is especially true for software teams in regulated industries, as they are required to demonstrate compliance with various standards and regulations to internal and external auditors. While each standard varies a bit depending on the issuer and/or industry, most share several common requirements, including a need to demonstrate end-to-end traceability of deployed changes as part of a standard change control process.</p> <p>In many companies, “compliance” and “traceability” can be synonymous with phrases like “high friction,” “onerous processes,” and “additional tooling.” GitHub provides companies with the necessary capabilities to design standards-compliant workflows and demonstrate their compliance to auditors while keeping the developer experience centered around something developers use every day—<a href="https://docs.github.com/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/about-pull-requests">the pull request</a>.</p> <p>Even if your organization isn’t required to meet a particular compliance standard, following these practices can help to build confidence in your process and provide greater transparency into all deployed changes by:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Making it easier to troubleshoot production issues</strong>. The ability to explicitly understand what was changed, when it was deployed, and the reasons for the change help engineers and response teams efficiently triage issues, identify problems, and work toward resolution.</li> <li><strong>Tracking the business impact of changes</strong>. Mapping business requirements to production changes greatly improves the ability to analyze whether or not the change resulted in the desired impact.</li> <li><strong>Minimizing the effort and cost associated with internal investigation and audits</strong>. A <a href="https://resources.github.com/forrester/">recent Forrester report</a> notes GitHub customers building compliance into their workflow saved significant time and expense preparing for audits. When workflows are automated, standardized, and easily traceable the time required to prepare and perform an audit or investigation goes down significantly.</li> <li><strong>Improving the developer experience</strong>. A single, agreed-upon source of truth for developer workflows helps keep business teams, ops, security, and development all on the same page and empowers them to have more effective, informed discussions.</li> </ul> <div class="content-table-wrap"><table style="border: 1px black"> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Read more about how you can support developer-enabled compliance in your business.</strong> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.blog/2023-01-26-setting-the-foundations-for-compliance/">Setting the foundations for compliance</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.blog/2023-02-24-3-ways-to-meet-compliance-needs-without-slowing-down-agility/">Meeting compliance needs without slowing down agility</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.blog/2023-04-13-ensuring-compliance-in-developer-workflows/">Ensuring compliance in developer workflows</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.blog/2023-04-11-generative-ai-enabled-compliance-for-software-development/">Using generative AI to optimize compliance</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> <h4 id="a-note-on-compliance-standards">A note on compliance standards<a href="#a-note-on-compliance-standards" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="A note on compliance standards"></a></h4> <p>When creating compliant workflows, it is important to remember compliance is assessed against your overall process and is not a simple pass-through from a vendor. Standards achieved by vendors are indicative of the vendor’s internal processes. Non-compliant workflows can be built with tools from a “compliant” vendor and compliant workflows can often be built from tools whose vendors may not meet the standard for their internal processes. It all depends on the context of the service provided.</p> <p>It’s equally important to consider the applicability of the standard. For instance, standards that apply to the storage and maintenance of protected data, such as Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and Personal Health Information (PHI), require certain guarantees of your deployment targets and data stores that don’t apply to systems managing source code and work tracking. Neither of these systems should ever contain such information.</p> <h2 id="looking-to-the-standards">Looking to the standards<a href="#looking-to-the-standards" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="Looking to the standards"></a></h2> <p>When discussing software changes, standards often focus on the ability to link deployed changes to:</p> <ul> <li>An initial request (which may include detailed requirements)</li> <li>Authorship of the code</li> <li>Review and approval by the appropriate person(s)</li> <li>Test and build artifacts</li> </ul> <p>Let’s take a look at few examples:</p> <p>Requirement 6.5.1 of the <a href="https://docs-prv.pcisecuritystandards.org/PCI%20DSS/Standard/PCI-DSS-v4_0.pdf">PCI/DSS standard</a> requires every change be made through an established procedure that includes:</p> <ul> <li>The reason for, and description of, the change</li> <li>Documentation of security impact of the change</li> <li>Documented approval by authorized parties</li> <li>Compliance with secure development processes</li> <li>Security testing</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/27001">ISO 27001</a> A.12.1.2 calls for formal change management process that includes:</p> <ul> <li>The request for change</li> <li>An evaluation of the change</li> <li>Approval of the change</li> <li>Implementation of the change</li> </ul> <p>It is expanded upon in A.14.2 to further include:</p> <ul> <li>Formal change control procedures for all systems in the development lifecycle (A.14.2.2)</li> <li>Review and testing to ensure no adverse impact on security (A.14.2.3)</li> </ul> <p>The <a href="https://www.isaca.org/resources/cobit">COBIT framework</a>, commonly used by companies to define and audit their internal processes, can be mapped to many common compliance standards. COBIT’s practice description for BAI06.01 specifically calls for organizations to:</p> <blockquote><p>“Evaluate all requests for change to determine the impact on business processes and I&T services, and to assess whether change will adversely affect the operational environment and introduce unacceptable risk. Ensure that changes are logged, prioritized, categorized, assessed, authorized, planned and scheduled.”</p></blockquote> <h2 id="starting-from-the-pull-request">Starting from the pull request<a href="#starting-from-the-pull-request" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="Starting from the pull request"></a></h2> <p>Each of the above common compliance standards and frameworks focus on ensuring proper controls exist for all deployed changes. GitHub has a construct specifically designed around evaluating “requests for change”—the pull request. Committed code is discussed, reviewed, tested, analyzed for security issues, approved, and deployed within the context of a pull request, making them the logical place to center your audit and traceability efforts.</p> <h3 id="tracing-back-from-the-pull-request-to-planning">Tracing back from the pull request to planning<a href="#tracing-back-from-the-pull-request-to-planning" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="Tracing back from the pull request to planning"></a></h3> <p>GitHub Issues are where the pre-work of development happens. They capture feature requests, bugs, requirements, and discussions about possible implementation patterns. Pull requests can be <a href="https://docs.github.com/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/linking-a-pull-request-to-an-issue">linked</a> to one or more GitHub Issues by referencing them in the description or in a commit message.</p> <p class="has-image"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-72810 width-fit" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image3.jpg?w=778&resize=778%2C364" alt='Screenshot of a pull request called "update documentation" that notes "Successfully merging a pull request may close this issue."' width="778" height="364" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image3.jpg?w=778 778w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image3.jpg?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image3.jpg?w=768 768w" sizes="(max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px" /></p> <p>Issues and pull requests are managed in GitHub Projects. Using GitHub Projects, teams can efficiently plan, prioritize, assign, schedule, and track their work. The flexible nature of projects enables teams to create multiple, tailored views into their activity.</p> <p class="has-image"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-72811 width-fit" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image1-4.png?w=1024&resize=1024%2C497" alt='Screenshot of a GitHub Project board for the the repo "OctArcade Invaders." The open pull request "update documentation" is highlighted in the list of open items for Squad 2.' width="1024" height="497" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image1-4.png?w=1999 1999w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image1-4.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image1-4.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image1-4.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image1-4.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></p> <p>Unplanned work happens. Typos, minor UI corrections, and small bug fixes may not have associated issues when they are addressed. Since pull requests can be tracked and planned in GitHub Projects and can include rich context, just like issues, you may find requiring every change to have an associated issue to be redundant. Looking back to the ISO 27001 A.12.1 requirement, a pull request includes:</p> <ul> <li>The request for change (after all, this is what a pull request is)</li> <li>Evaluation of the change (via human review and automated testing)</li> <li>Approval of the change (via human review of the change and/or deployment after required tests have passed)</li> <li>Implementation of the change (via a deployment)</li> </ul> <p>For those cases when you desire a required link back to at least one issue, you can use GitHub Actions to check for, and require, linked issues. The community-maintained <a href="https://github.com/nearform-actions/github-action-check-linked-issues">nearform-actions/github-action-check-linked-issues</a> can check for issues linked via the pull request description.</p> <h3 id="tracing-within-the-pull-request-to-approvals">Tracing within the pull request to approvals<a href="#tracing-within-the-pull-request-to-approvals" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="Tracing within the pull request to approvals"></a></h3> <p>Approvals from both human reviewers and automated systems are surfaced directly within the pull request, greatly aiding traceability.</p> <h4 id="human-review-and-approval">Human review and approval<a href="#human-review-and-approval" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="Human review and approval"></a></h4> <p>GitHub provides repository owners with the ability to enforce <a href="https://docs.github.com/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/about-pull-request-reviews">code reviews</a> before a change can be merged, and use <a href="https://docs.github.com/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/customizing-your-repository/about-code-owners">CODEOWNERS</a> to explicitly state from which teams or individuals review is required based on the content modified. Reviews received, and whether or not the reviewer approved the change, are logged to the pull request. Repository owners can also specify that approving reviewers must not have contributed to the pull request, which can help satisfy separation of duties requirements between authors and reviewers.</p> <p class="has-image"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-72812 width-fit" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image2-6.png?w=1024&resize=1024%2C125" alt="Screenshot of a message reporting that user RaydioFM has approved the changes in the related pull request." width="1024" height="125" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image2-6.png?w=1768 1768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image2-6.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image2-6.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image2-6.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image2-6.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></p> <h3 id="automated-review">Automated review<a href="#automated-review" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="Automated review"></a></h3> <p>Automated testing is crucial to ensuring proposed changes will not “adversely affect the operational environment and introduce unacceptable risk” (COBIT BAI06.01) and doesn’t “adversely impact system security.” (PCI DSS 4.0 – 6.5.1)</p> <p>With GitHub Actions users can run their automated test suites and require successful completion before a change can proceed toward production. The status of all automated workflow runs is reported directly in the pull request. This same approach can be applied to security testing through the use of GitHub code scanning. Repository owners can require that tests pass prior to pull requests being mergeable.</p> <p class="has-image"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-72813 width-fit" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image4-3.png?w=1024&resize=1024%2C742" alt="Screenshot of the list of tests related to an open pull request indicating that all required statuses must pass before it can be merged." width="1024" height="742" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image4-3.png?w=1760 1760w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image4-3.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image4-3.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image4-3.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image4-3.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></p> <h3 id="tracing-forward-from-the-pull-request-to-deployments">Tracing forward from the pull request to deployments<a href="#tracing-forward-from-the-pull-request-to-deployments" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="Tracing forward from the pull request to deployments"></a></h3> <p>Pull requests <a href="https://docs.github.com/actions/deployment/about-deployments/deploying-with-github-actions">deployed</a> by GitHub Actions log all corresponding events directly to the pull request timeline.</p> <p class="has-image"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-72814 width-fit" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image6-2.png?w=1024&resize=1024%2C534" alt="Screenshot of the pull request timeline showing that a branch has been successfully deployed." width="1024" height="534" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image6-2.png?w=1804 1804w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image6-2.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image6-2.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image6-2.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image6-2.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></p> <p>Deployments can <a href="https://docs.github.com/enterprise-cloud@latest/actions/deployment/targeting-different-environments/using-environments-for-deployment">require review from specified individuals and/or teams</a> before code is deployed into an environment. This is also logged to the associated workflow run.</p> <p class="has-image"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-72815 width-fit" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image5-2.png?w=1024&resize=1024%2C599" alt="Screenshot of a workflow run associated with a pull request, showing that it has been approved by user PHolleran." width="1024" height="599" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image5-2.png?w=1999 1999w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image5-2.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image5-2.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image5-2.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image5-2.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></p> <h4 id="batched-deployments">Batched deployments<a href="#batched-deployments" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="Batched deployments"></a></h4> <p>When a single deployment must be linked to the many pull requests constituting the entire deployment, data retrieval can be a challenge. Getting the list of commits in the deployment and linking them to their associated pull requests is possible via the GitHub API, but takes some effort and needs to be scripted into your deployment process. Thankfully, there is an easier way: GitHub releases.</p> <p>GitHub <a href="https://docs.github.com/repositories/releasing-projects-on-github/about-releases">releases</a> allow you to associate a tag in your git repository with a release of your software, store and/or link off to any assets, and provide detailed release notes. GitHub can even auto-generate your release notes, including:</p> <ul> <li>All merged pull requests that are part of the release</li> <li>All committers to the release</li> <li>A complete changelog</li> </ul> <p>A <a href="https://docs.github.com/rest/releases">complete API</a> is available to integrate the creation of a GitHub release, complete with auto-generated release notes, into your deployment process.</p> <h2 id="data-retention">Data retention<a href="#data-retention" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="Data retention"></a></h2> <p>One of the best things about focusing audit and traceability around the pull request is that <a href="https://ben.balter.com/2015/11/12/why-urls/">everything has a URL</a>. An auditor, when granted access to the repository, can follow along in the pull request, viewing every step of the process and linking out to other assets and systems when necessary.</p> <p>GitHub retains your pull requests for as long as your repository is stored with us, including all timeline events. Checks data, including which checks passed and failed, are <a href="https://github.blog/changelog/2022-01-14-updates-to-the-checks-data-retention-policy/">retained for 400 days</a>. Retention of logs generated by GitHub Actions workflows can be <a href="https://docs.github.com/organizations/managing-organization-settings/configuring-the-retention-period-for-github-actions-artifacts-and-logs-in-your-organization">configured</a> for a period up to 400 days.</p> <p>If you need to retain data in a separate location, or for a longer period of time, much of it can be obtained directly from your <a href="https://docs.github.com/enterprise-cloud@latest/organizations/keeping-your-organization-secure/managing-security-settings-for-your-organization/reviewing-the-audit-log-for-your-organization">audit log</a>, which can be <a href="https://docs.github.com/enterprise-cloud@latest/admin/monitoring-activity-in-your-enterprise/reviewing-audit-logs-for-your-enterprise/streaming-the-audit-log-for-your-enterprise">streamed</a> to a location of your choice. Additional information, if desired, can be captured from GitHub using <a href="https://docs.github.com/webhooks-and-events/webhooks/about-webhooks">webhooks</a> to notify your internal system of events and the GitHub <a href="https://docs.github.com/rest">API</a> to retrieve detailed information.</p> <h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion<a href="#conclusion" class="heading-link pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-label="Conclusion"></a></h2> <p>GitHub makes it easy to demonstrate, and document, end-to-end traceability across your software projects. Building audit and traceability around pull requests keeps compliance work within existing developer workflows, reducing friction for both development teams and auditors.</p> </body></html> <section class="my-6 my-md-8 mt-md-0"> <hr class="post-tags-separator border-0 mt-0 mb-2" /> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <h2 class="text-mono f4-mktg py-1 mr-3">Tags:</h2> <ul class="d-flex flex-wrap px-0 my-0 list-style-none post-tags"> <li class="my-0"> <a href="https://github.blog/tag/compliance/" class="d-block border py-2 px-3 f5 lh-condensed-ultra text-semibold Link--primary" rel="tag"> compliance </a> </li> <li class="my-0"> <a href="https://github.blog/tag/developer-experience/" class="d-block border py-2 px-3 f5 lh-condensed-ultra text-semibold Link--primary" rel="tag"> developer experience </a> </li> <li class="my-0"> <a href="https://github.blog/tag/github-enterprise/" class="d-block border py-2 px-3 f5 lh-condensed-ultra text-semibold Link--primary" rel="tag"> GitHub Enterprise </a> </li> <li class="my-0"> <a href="https://github.blog/tag/pull-requests/" class="d-block border py-2 px-3 f5 lh-condensed-ultra text-semibold Link--primary" rel="tag"> pull requests </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mt-8 mb-8 mb-md-0"> <h2 class="h5-mktg"> Written by </h2> <div class="gradient-separator mt-3 mb-4"></div> <article class="author-bio mb-5 mb-md-4"> <div class="author-bio__content"> <div class="author-bio__avatar"> <picture> <source srcset="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4007128?v=4&s=200" width="120" height="120" media="(min-width: 768px)" /> <img class="d-block circle" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4007128?v=4&s=200" alt="Philip Holleran" width="80" height="80" loading="lazy" decoding="async" > </picture> </div> <header class="author-bio__header"> <h3 class="f3-mktg text-bold mb-1"> <a href="https://github.blog/author/pholleran/" class="Link--primary color-fg-default">Philip Holleran</a> </h3> <p class="mb-0 f4 lh-condensed"> <a href="https://github.com/pholleran" target="_blank">@pholleran</a> </p> </header> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside id="sidebar" class="col-12 col-md-4 col-lg-3 post__sidebar" aria-label="Sidebar"> <section aria-label="Tags"> <ul class="d-none d-md-flex flex-items-start flex-wrap list-style-none mt-4 mt-md-0 mb-6 mb-md-8 post-tags"> <li class="my-0"> <a href="https://github.blog/tag/compliance/" class="d-block border py-2 px-3 f5 lh-condensed-ultra text-semibold Link--primary" rel="tag"> compliance </a> </li> <li class="my-0"> <a href="https://github.blog/tag/developer-experience/" class="d-block border py-2 px-3 f5 lh-condensed-ultra text-semibold Link--primary" rel="tag"> developer experience </a> </li> <li class="my-0"> <a href="https://github.blog/tag/github-enterprise/" class="d-block border py-2 px-3 f5 lh-condensed-ultra text-semibold Link--primary" rel="tag"> GitHub Enterprise </a> </li> <li class="my-0"> <a href="https://github.blog/tag/pull-requests/" class="d-block border py-2 px-3 f5 lh-condensed-ultra text-semibold Link--primary" rel="tag"> pull requests </a> </li> </ul> </section> <div class="position-sticky top-md-scroll"> <div class="d-none d-md-block"> </div> <section aria-labelledby="compliance-related-posts-title" class="mb-7 mb-md-8 mt-7 mt-md-0"><h2 class="h5-mktg aside-heading pb-3 border-bottom color-fg-muted color-border-muted" id="compliance-related-posts-title">More on <a href="https://github.blog/tag/compliance/" class="Link--primary">compliance</a></h2><article class="py-4 d-flex flex-column"><div class="col-12 tease-text"><h3 class="h6-mktg mb-12px"><a href="https://github.blog/security/application-security/scaling-vulnerability-management-across-thousands-of-services-and-more-than-150-million-findings/" class="Link--primary">Scaling vulnerability management across thousands of services and more than 150 million findings</a></h3><div class="f4-mktg color-fg-muted"><p>Learn about how we run a scalable vulnerability management program built on top of GitHub. </p> </div><div class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-6px"> <span> <span class="text-bold"> <a href="https://github.blog/author/stephanmiehe/" title="Posts by Stephan Miehe" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Stephan Miehe</a> </span> </span> </div> </div></article><article class="py-4 d-flex flex-column border-top"><div class="col-12 tease-text"><h3 class="h6-mktg mb-12px"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/company-news/github-achieves-iso-iec-277012019-270182019-and-csa-star-certifications/" class="Link--primary">GitHub achieves ISO/IEC 27701:2019, 27018:2019, and CSA STAR certifications</a></h3><div class="f4-mktg color-fg-muted"><p>GitHub’s Information Security and Privacy Management System (ISPMS) has been certified against ISO/IEC 27701:2019 (PII Processor) and 27018:2019 standards, as well as the Cloud Controls Matrix (CCM). These standards and frameworks are internationally recognized for security and privacy program best practices.</p> </div><div class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-6px"> <span> <span class="text-bold"> <a href="https://github.blog/author/griffeth/" title="Posts by Brandon Griffeth" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Brandon Griffeth</a> & <a href="https://github.blog/author/privacyglory/" title="Posts by Glory Francke" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Glory Francke</a> </span> </span> </div> </div></article></section> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <section class="container-xl p-responsive-blog mx-auto mt-12 mb-8"> <h2 class="h5-mktg mb-4 mb-lg-7 pb-3 border-bottom color-border-subtle"> Related posts </h2> <div class="post-columns post-columns--3-3"> <article class="color-border-muted card"> <div class="d-flex flex-column"> <div class="d-block col-12 position-relative rounded-2 mb-3 overflow-hidden tease-thumbnail" target="_self"> <svg aria-hidden="true" width="1032" height="548" class="width-full height-auto d-block" role="presentation"></svg> <img width="400" height="212" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Enterprise-LightMode-1-1.png?resize=400%2C212" class="d-block cover-image tease-thumbnail__img wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Enterprise-LightMode-1-1.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Enterprise-LightMode-1-1.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Enterprise-LightMode-1-1.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Enterprise-LightMode-1-1.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Enterprise-LightMode-1-1.png?w=516 516w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Enterprise-LightMode-1-1.png?zoom=3&resize=400%2C212 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /> </div> <div class="mb-1"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/ci-cd/" class="f5-mktg text-gradient-purple-coral text-bold pb-1 position-relative z-2">CI/CD</a></div> <h3 class="h6-mktg mb-2"> <a class="Link--primary card__link" href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/ci-cd/streamlining-your-mlops-pipeline-with-github-actions-and-arm64-runners/" target="_self"> Streamlining your MLOps pipeline with GitHub Actions and Arm64 runners </a> </h3> <div class="f4-mktg color-fg-muted"> <p>Explore how Arm’s optimized performance and cost-efficient architecture, coupled with PyTorch, can enhance machine learning operations, from model training to deployment and learn how to leverage CI/CD for machine learning workflows, while reducing time, cost, and errors in the process.</p> </div> <footer> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-6px"> <span> <span class="text-bold"> <a href="https://github.blog/author/scottarbeit/" title="Posts by Scott Arbeit" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Scott Arbeit</a> </span> </span> </div> </footer> </div> </article> <article class="color-border-muted card"> <div class="d-flex flex-column"> <div class="d-block col-12 position-relative rounded-2 mb-3 overflow-hidden tease-thumbnail" target="_self"> <svg aria-hidden="true" width="1032" height="548" class="width-full height-auto d-block" role="presentation"></svg> <img width="400" height="212" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Enterprise-LightMode-4.png?resize=400%2C212" class="d-block cover-image tease-thumbnail__img wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Enterprise-LightMode-4.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Enterprise-LightMode-4.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Enterprise-LightMode-4.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Enterprise-LightMode-4.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Enterprise-LightMode-4.png?w=516 516w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Enterprise-LightMode-4.png?zoom=3&resize=400%2C212 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /> </div> <div class="mb-1"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/collaboration/" class="f5-mktg text-gradient-purple-coral text-bold pb-1 position-relative z-2">Collaboration</a></div> <h3 class="h6-mktg mb-2"> <a class="Link--primary card__link" href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/collaboration/github-enterprise-the-best-migration-path-from-aws-codecommit/" target="_self"> GitHub Enterprise: The best migration path from AWS CodeCommit </a> </h3> <div class="f4-mktg color-fg-muted"> <p>AWS CodeCommit is discontinuing new customer access and will no longer introduce new features. 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