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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>KEGG GLYCAN Database</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/kegg25.css"> <style> div.list dt { width: 75px; margin-left: 10px; } .indent ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 10px; } .indent li { margin-left: 20px; list-style: none; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="topnav" ontouchstart=""> <div class="navlist"> <a href="/kegg/">KEGG</a> </div> <div class="dropdown"> Databases <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul> <li><a href="/kegg/pathway.html">Pathway</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/brite.html">Brite</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/ko.html">KO</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/genes.html">Genes</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/compound/">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/disease/">Disease</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/drug/">Drug</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/medicus.html">Medicus</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown"> Tools <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul> <li><a href="/kegg/mapper/">Mapper</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/webapp/">Web Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/syntax/">Syntax</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown"> Auto annotation <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.kegg.jp/blastkoala/">BlastKOALA</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.kegg.jp/ghostkoala/">GhostKOALA</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="navlist"> <a href="https://www.kanehisa.jp/">Kanehisa Lab</a> </div> </div> <div id="header"> <div class="logo"> <a href="/kegg/"><img src="/Fig/kegg128.gif" alt="KEGG icon"></a> </div> <div class="title"> <h2 class="txt2">KEGG GLYCAN Database</h2> <h5>Glycans integrated with genomics</h5> </div> </div> <div id="dbnav" class="bar2"> <ul> <li><a href="/kegg/kegg2.html">KEGG2</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/pathway.html">PATHWAY</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/brite.html">BRITE</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/module.html">MODULE</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/ko.html">KO</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/compound/">COMPOUND</a></li> <li><span class="current">GLYCAN</span></li> <li><a href="/kegg/reaction/">REACTION</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/reaction/rmodule.html">RModule</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="content">  <div class="searchbox"> <form action="https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/search_ligand"> <span class="small">Search GLYCAN by G number, name and composition</span> <br> <input type="search" name="query" size="40"> <input type="hidden" name="column" value="entry+name+composition"> <input type="hidden" name="DATABASE" value="glycan"> <input type="submit" value="Go"> </form> </div> <div class="main"> <hr class="frame2"> <h4 class="txt2">Glycan Structures</h4> <div class="indent"> <b>KEGG GLYCAN</b> is a collection of glycan structures, first created in 2003 by taking unique structures from CarbBank. Since then it has been expanded with other structures based on published materials, especially those structures present in KEGG pathways. Each structure is identified by the G number, such as <a href="/entry/G00242">G00242</a> for sialyl Lewis x, and displayed with predefined monosaccharide codes shown below. The structure may also be converted to the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/glycans/snfg.html">SNFG (Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans)</a> representation by clicking on the SNFG button. <ul> <li><a href="/kegg/catalog/codes2.html">Monosaccharide codes and SNFG</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr class="frame2"> <h4 class="txt2">Glycan Biosynthesis and Metabolism</h4> <div class="indent"> <b>KEGG GLYCAN</b> is tightly integrated with other KEGG resources, including <a href="/kegg/pathway.html">KEGG PATHWAY</a>, <a href="/kegg/module.html">KEGG MODULE</a>, <a href="/kegg/network.html">KEGG NETWORK</a> and <a href="/kegg/disease/">KEGG DISEASE</a>. In the KEGG PATHWAY database the section of: <ul> <li><a href="/kegg/pathway.html#glycan">Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism</a></li> </ul> contains metabolic pathway maps for glycans. In addition to the regular pathway map representation, a different representation of glycan biosynthesis or degradation is sometimes presented. It is called the "glycan structure map", showing genes (or KOs) responsible for bond formation or breakage are shown. For example, N-glycan biosynthesis is shown both as a regular pathway map and a structure map in <a href="/pathway/map00510">map00510</a>. <br><br> The following datasets indicate relationships among pathways, structures and biosynthetic genes. <div class="list"> <dl> <dt>br08020</dt><dd><a href="/kegg/tables/br08020.html">Nucleotide sugars</a></dd> <dt>map01250</dt><dd><a href="/pathway/map01250">Biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars</a></dd> <dt>map00520</dt><dd><a href="/pathway/map00520">Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism</a></dd> <dt>map00541</dt><dd><a href="/pathway/map00541">Biosynthesis of various nucleotide sugars</a></dd> </dl> <div class="clear"></div> <dl> <dt>ko01003</dt><dd><a href="/brite/ko01003">Glycosyltransferases</a></dd> <dt>ko01005</dt><dd><a href="/brite/ko01005">Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins</a></dd> <dt>map00540</dt><dd><a href="/pathway/map00540">Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis</a></dd> <dt>map00542</dt><dd><a href="/pathway/map00542">O-Antigen repeat unit biosynthesis</a></dd> <dt>br08120</dt><dd><a href="/brite/br08120">O-Antigens</a></dd> </dl> <div class="clear"></div> <dl> <dt>br08110</dt><dd><a href="/kegg/tables/br08110.html">Blood groups and carbohydrate antigens</a></dd> <dt>nt06035</dt><dd><a href="/network/nt06035">Blood group carbohydrate antigen biosynthesis</a></dd> </dl> <div class="clear"></div> <dl> <dt>ko01011</dt><dd><a href="/brite/ko01011">Peptidoglycan biosynthesis and degradation proteins</a></dd> <dt>map00550</dt><dd><a href="/pathway/map00550">Peptidoglycan biosynthesis</a></dd> </dl> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <hr class="frame2"> <h4 class="txt2">Glycans in Other Pathways</h4> <div class="indent"> The roles of glycans in various cellular processes may be examined with other types of pathway maps in the KEGG PATHWAY database, such as in <a href="/kegg/pathway.html#environmental">Signaling molecules and interaction</a>, <a href="/kegg/pathway.html#cellular">Cell communication and Immune system</a>. <br><br> Different types of glycans and glycan binding proteins are classified in: <div class="list"> <dl> <dt>ko00535</dt><dd><a href="/brite/ko00535">Proteoglycans</a></dd> <dt>ko00536</dt><dd><a href="/brite/ko00536">Glycosaminoglycan binding proteins</a></dd> <dt>ko00537</dt><dd><a href="/brite/ko00537">Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins</a></dd> <dt>ko04091</dt><dd><a href="/brite/ko04091">Lectins</a></dd> </dl> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <h4 class="txt2">Glycans and Diseases</h4> <div class="indent"> Human diseases associated with glycan biosynthesis and metabolism are being accumulated in the <a href="/kegg/network.html">KEGG NETWORK database</a>. For example, the network variation map <a href="/network/nt06015">nt06015</a> for N-Glycan biosynthesis contains gene variants associated with congenital disorders of glycosylation, <a href="/entry/H00118">H00118</a> and <a href="/entry/H00119">H00119</a>. <br><br> The network variation maps are the basis for developing a KEGG original disease classification system. <div class="list"> <dl> <dt>br08402</dt><dd><a href="/brite/br08402">Pathway-based classification of diseases</a></dd> </dl> <div class="clear"></div> </div> The roles of glycans in cancers are represented in the following datasets. <div class="list"> <dl> <dt>hsa05205</dt><dd><a href="/pathway/hsa05205">Proteoglycans in cancer</a></dd> <dt>br08441</dt><dd><a href="/kegg/disease/br08441.html">Cancer-associated carbohydrates</a></dd> </dl> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <hr class="frame2"> <h4 class="txt2">KCaM Search Tool</h4> <div class="indent"> <b>KCaM</b> is a database search program for similar glycan structures. It can be used to search against KEGG GLYCAN or CarbBank. A query glycan structure may be entered with the KegDraw tool. <ul> <li><a href="https://www.genome.jp/tools/kcam/">KCaM search</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr class="frame2"> <b class="txt2">References</b> <ol> <li>Hashimoto, K., Goto, S., Kawano, S., Aoki-Kinoshita, K.F., Ueda, N., Hamajima, M., Kawasaki, T., and Kanehisa, M.; KEGG as a glycome informatics resource. Glycobiology 16, 63R-70R (2006). [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16014746">pubmed</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwj010">pdf</a>] </li> <li>Kanehisa, M.; KEGG GLYCAN. In "A Practical Guide to Using Glycomics Databases" (Aoki-Kinoshita, K.F., ed.), pp. 177-193, Springer (2017). </li> <li>Hashimoto, K., Kawano, S., Goto, S., Aoki-Kinoshita, K., Kawashima, M., and Kanehisa, M.; A global representation of the carbohydrate structures: a tool for the analysis of glycan. Genome Informatics 16(1), 214-222 (2005). [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16362924">pubmed</a>] </li> <li>Hashimoto, K., Tokimatsu, T., Kawano, S., Yoshizawa, A.C., Okuda, S., Goto, S., and Kanehisa, M.; Comprehensive analysis of glycosyltransferases in eukaryotic genomes for structural and functional characterization of glycans. Carbohydr. Res. 344, 881-887 (2009). [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19327755">pubmed</a>] </li> <li>Aoki, K.F., Yamaguchi, A., Ueda, N., Akutsu, T., Mamitsuka, H., Goto, S., and Kanehisa, M.; KCaM (KEGG Carbohydrate Matcher): a software tool for analyzing the structures of carbohydrate sugar chains. Nucleic Acids Res. 32, W267-W272 (2004). [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15215393">pubmed</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh473">pdf</a>] </li>  </ol> <hr class="frame2"> <i>Last updated: December 26, 2024</i> </div>  </div> </body> </html>