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The city's name is derived from the [[Bina River (India)|Bina River]] that flows near the city. Bina is the fastest growing city in Madhya Pradesh. It is a center of economic and industrial activity in the state. [[Bina Refinery]] is there, as well as [[Jaypee Group]]'s 500;[[Megawatt|MW]] Jaypee Bina [[thermal plant ]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| title=Bharat Oman Refineries Limited|url=https://borl.in/ |website=Bharat Oman Refineries Limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214045711/http://www.borl.in/|archive-date=14 December 2007}}</ref> This region is known for its high-quality wheat, which is exported inter-nationally.<ref>{{Cite web|title =Profile of Bina, History of Bina, Facts About Bina |url=https://bina.etawa.mponline.in.com|url-status=|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071214045711/https://bina.etawa.mponline.in.com|archive-date=14 December 2007|access-date =23 April 2024|website=bina-etawa.mponline.in}}</ref> == Geography == Five rivers flow through the surrounding area. In addition to Bina River, they include: * Motichur – location of the city's Katra temple * [[Betwa River|Betwa]] – forms the border of the Bina and [[Ashoknagar district]]s * Narayani – flows between Bina and [[Lalitpur, India|Lalitpur]] * Silar Bina is close to the ancient city of Eran. Eran was the capital of Airikina Pradesha, an administrative division of the [[Gupta Empire]]. Bina sits between [[Bhopal]] and [[Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh]]. It is among the oldest cities in the region and the oldest in the state. The [[Bina River (India)|Bina]] and [[Betwa River]]s are the major water sources.<ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |title=Profile of Bina Etawa, History of Bina, Facts About Bina |url=https://bina-etawa.mponline.in/city-guide/about-bina-etawa |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=bina-etawa.mponline.in}}</ref> == History == Bina was formerly known as Etawa, the name of an earlier village in the area. In 1923, the Bina Railway Junction was established, deriving it name from the river. The first Member of the Legislative Assembly of the [[Bina Assembly constituency]] was Ram Lal Nayak, elected in 1957. The name Bina-Etawa was unofficially used to remove any ambiguity between [[Itawah]] (located in [[Uttar Pradesh]]) and Etawa. Later, the city was officially renamed as Bina. [[File:Khimlasa Bina.jpg|thumb|180px|Khimlasa Bina]] Located near the city, Khimlasa Fort is of historical interest. The fort is said to have been founded by a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] noble and was the ''Mahal'' (palace) in the [[Sarkar (administrative division)|''Sarkar'']] of [[Raisen]] of [[Malwa Subah]]. The town of [[Khimlasa]] is enclosed within a fortified wall built of stone rubble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sagar.nic.in/places.htm |title=Places of Interest at Sagar District |access-date=2013-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114222831/http://sagar.nic.in/places.htm |archive-date=14 January 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> == Industry and economy == {{Update section|date=March 2024}}[[File:BinaRefinery.jpg|thumb|Bina Refinery]] [[Bharat Oman Refinery Limited]] owns a major oil refinery near Bina, "the only petroleum refinery in Central India" with a capacity of 7.8 [billion [[tonnes]] per year.<ref name=":0" /> Bina Refinery is designed to process Arab [[crude oil]] (65% Arab [[Light crude oil|light]] and 35% Arab [[Heavy crude oil|heavy]]). It can process other crude oil. The project includes a [[Coke (fuel)|coke]]-based [[cogeneration power plant]] of 99&nbsp;MW (33 x 3).<ref name=":0" /> [[Bina Thermal Power Plant]] was under construction as of November 2013. A section of the power plant currently operates with a capacity of 500&nbsp;MW, although this will scale to 1200&nbsp;MW when the plant reaches capacity. A cement manufacturing plant was proposed by the Jaypee Group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jaypee Group &#124; Businesses-Power |url=http://www.jalindia.com/thermalpower.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125223730/http://www.jalindia.com/thermalpower.htm |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=2013-11-04 |df=dmy}}</ref> A 1200&nbsp;[[kilovolt|kV]] National Test Station is located in Bina, as well as the [[Power Grid Corporation of India]]'s corporate office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Power Grid – Company Overview |url=http://www.powergridindia.com/_layouts/PowerGrid/User/ContentPage.aspx?Id=76 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515145935/http://www.powergridindia.com/_layouts/PowerGrid/User/ContentPage.aspx?Id=76 |archive-date=15 May 2013 |access-date=4 November 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Madhya Pradesh regional government planned to build an investment corridor between Bina and Bhopal, naming it the Bina-Bhopal Investment Corridor. The project was expected to catalyze investment of around [[United States dollar|$]]1{{Nbsp}}billion to upgrade local industry, aiding the production of electrical equipment, fabricated metal, machinery, and equipment. Along with it, integrated township projects were proposed near the city.<ref>http://www.investmp.com/a-corridors.html{{dead link|date=November 2016|bot=Internet Archive Bot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Bina's first solar power plant, to be used for operating trains and the lighting system for Bina Junction, was established in 2020. A [[MEMU]] (mainline electric multiple unit) car shed for operating local and high-speed MEMU trains in Madhya Pradesh and neighbouring states was established in 2021 by the [[Bhopal railway division]]. The region has agricultural produce processing units and agricultural machinery manufacturing plants and wheat cultivation. The agricultural land consists primarily of [[vertisol|black soil]]. Seven railway [[overbridge]]s (ROBs) were to be constructed; four ROBs have been completed.{{when|date=February 2024}} Work is ongoing on the remaining three ROBs, as well as a 36&nbsp;km long [[ring road]]. During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], a 1000-bed hospital was established in Bina near the refinery. Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] laid the foundation stone for the redevelopment of Bina Refinery with an investment of 50,000 crore [[Indian rupee|rupees]]. == Climate == The winter season lasts from November to February, and the summer season lasts from March to mid-June. The minimum recorded temperature is 1&nbsp;°C in January. The maximum temperature is 48&nbsp;°C. Average precipitation is around 1235&nbsp;mm annually. In the monsoon season, the wind direction is from the southwest; in winter, the wind direction is from the northeast.<ref name="Profile" /> == Education == Bina has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average. It has two centers for higher education: a government college for post-graduate and graduate courses and a government girls' college providing graduate courses. A government law college was inaugurated near the city. Many private colleges for [[Bachelor of Education]] degrees and [[Industrial training institute|ITIs]] are operated in the city for students. A government ITI and a private nursing college in the city, and one private [[MBA]] college (GNIMR{{Snd}}Gomti Nandan Institute of Management and Research) offers courses in the city. Kendriya Vidyalaya and Nirmal Jyoti Senior Secondary School are two high schools in the region. Bina Public Higher Secondary School operates there. Three state government schools are there. Apart from that, one government model higher secondary school. Many private [[English-medium school]]s are there and a [[D.A.V. College Managing Committee|DAV]] higher secondary school is located at the refinery. The [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]-affiliated Sardar Patel Higher Secondary School and a private ITI are located in the Jaypee Bina thermal plant premises and run by Jaypee Group.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} == Religious sites == [[File:NisaiJiBina.jpg|thumb|180px|Nisai Ji]] The main religious site is the Shri Katara Swami, a temple of [[Hanuman]]. The city is home to several temples and other historical sites. [[Hindu temple]]s, include Jatashankar temple, Gayatri temple, Moti Maharaj temple, Shani Dev temple, Hare Ram temple, Maruti Hanuman temple, and Panchmukhi temple (Nai basti) and Galaus Sankatmochan temple are located in the outskirts of the city. [[Jain temple]]s in the city include the Nabhinandan Digambar Jain temple (as much as 1000 years old), Mandir Shantinath Digambar Jain temple, Taaran Taran Digambar Jain temple, and Kund-kund Digambar Jain temple. Nisai Ji, a [[Digambar Jain]] temple, is located near the [[Betwa river]]. The samadhi state of [[Taran Svami]], founder of the [[Taran Panth]] sect of [[Jainism]], is located there.{{Clarify|reason=What is meant by the location of the samadhi state? Is this where Svami attained samadhi?|date=February 2024}} Anekant Gyan Mandir, a Jain center, preserves some of the oldest manuscripts related to Jainism.<ref>{{cite web |title=Online Hand-Written Digamber Jain Books (Manuscripts) |url=http://www.idjo.org/old_idjo/ManuscriptsAGM.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131104205848/http://www.idjo.org/old_idjo/ManuscriptsAGM.asp |archive-date=4 November 2013 |access-date=26 January 2022 |website=www.idjo.org}}</ref> Shrutdham Jain temple is a Jain attraction. == Popular culture == Some scenes of [[Raj Kapoor]]'s Bollywood movie ''[[Teesri Kasam]]'' (1966) were filmed in and nearby the city, and the song "Sajan re jhooth mat bolo" sung by [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] was filmed near Khimlasa, 25&nbsp;km from Bina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-shooting-of-film-teesri-kasam-in-bihar-news-hindi-5425226-PHO.html |title=यहां हुई थी फिल्म 'तीसरी कसम' की शूटिंग, रिलीज को हुए 50 साल पूरे- m.bhaskar.com |access-date=28 November 2021 |archive-date=10 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210025155/http://m.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-shooting-of-film-teesri-kasam-in-bihar-news-hindi-5425226-PHO.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-29 |title=When Waheeda sat on Raj |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/when-waheeda-sat-on-raj/cid/1669478 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> == See also == * [[Bina Junction railway station]] * [[Sagar District]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{Sagar Division}} [[Category:Sagar, Madhya Pradesh]] [[Category:Cities and towns in Sagar district]] [[Category:Tehsils of Sagar district]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> 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