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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem_pendinginan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_pendinginan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sistem pendinginan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sistem_pendinginan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sistem pendinginan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sistem_pendinginan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pendinginan_udara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendinginan_udara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pendinginan udara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendinginan_udara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendinginan_air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendinginan_air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pendinginan air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendinginan_air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paip_haba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paip_haba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Paip haba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paip_haba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pendinginan komputer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 25 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8" title="تبريد الحاسوب – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تبريد الحاسوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendinginan_komputer" title="Pendinginan komputer – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pendinginan komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlazen%C3%AD_po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8De" title="Chlazení počítače – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chlazení počítače" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerk%C3%B8ling" title="Computerkøling – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Computerkøling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protsessori_jahutuss%C3%BCsteem" title="Protsessori jahutussüsteem – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Protsessori jahutussüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_cooling" title="Computer cooling – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Computer cooling" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfriamiento_de_computadoras" title="Enfriamiento de computadoras – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enfriamiento de computadoras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="خنک کاری رایانه – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خنک کاری رایانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9thodes_de_refroidissement_pour_ordinateur" title="Méthodes de refroidissement pour ordinateur – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Méthodes de refroidissement pour ordinateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EB%83%89%EA%B0%81" title="컴퓨터 냉각 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컴퓨터 냉각" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91" title="מערכת קירור של מחשב – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת קירור של מחשב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU%E3%81%AE%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%B4%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE" title="CPUの冷却装置 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="CPUの冷却装置" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80.%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80.%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸੀ.ਪੀ.ਯੂ ਕੂਲਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀ.ਪੀ.ਯੂ ਕੂਲਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%82odzenie_procesora" title="Chłodzenie procesora – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chłodzenie procesora" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resfriamento_do_computador" title="Resfriamento do computador – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Resfriamento do computador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Система охлаждения компьютера – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Система охлаждения компьютера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="පරිගණක සිසිලනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිගණක සිසිලනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_cooling" title="Computer cooling – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Computer cooling" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietokoneen_j%C3%A4%C3%A4hdytys" title="Tietokoneen jäähdytys – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tietokoneen jäähdytys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="คอมพิวเตอร์คูลลิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอมพิวเตอร์คูลลิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A3n_nhi%E1%BB%87t_trong_m%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh" title="Tản nhiệt trong máy tính – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tản nhiệt trong máy tính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgisayar_so%C4%9Futma" title="Bilgisayar soğutma – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bilgisayar soğutma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Система охолодження комп'ютера – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система охолодження комп'ютера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%BB" title="電腦硬件冷卻 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電腦硬件冷卻" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A1%AC%E9%AB%94%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%BB" title="電腦硬體冷卻 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電腦硬體冷卻" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q840551#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pendinginan_komputer" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Pendinginan_komputer" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pendinginan_komputer"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pendinginan_komputer"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Pendinginan_komputer" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Pendinginan_komputer" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li 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</div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pendinginan+komputer"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pendinginan_komputer&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_cooling" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q840551" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:AMD_heatsink_and_fan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/AMD_heatsink_and_fan.jpg/250px-AMD_heatsink_and_fan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/AMD_heatsink_and_fan.jpg/375px-AMD_heatsink_and_fan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/AMD_heatsink_and_fan.jpg/500px-AMD_heatsink_and_fan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Penenggelam haba biasa <a href="/wiki/AMD" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD">AMD</a> dipasang pada papan induk</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pendinginan komputer</b> merupakan proses membebaskan <a href="/wiki/Haba" title="Haba">haba</a> yang terhasil dari <a href="/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer">komputer</a> elektronik. </p><p>Kebanyakan komponen dalam <a href="/wiki/Unit_sistem" title="Unit sistem">unit sistem</a> komputer menghasilkan tenaga haba yang banyak semasa operasi, termasuklah, tetapi tidak terhad kepada <a href="/wiki/Litar_bersepadu" title="Litar bersepadu">litar bersepadu</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Unit_pemprosesan_pusat" title="Unit pemprosesan pusat">CPU</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chipset (laman tidak wujud)">chipset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kad_grafik" title="Kad grafik">kad grafik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Cakera_keras" title="Cakera keras">cakera keras</a>. </p><p>Haba ini haruslah disingkirkan untuk memastikan komponen beroperasi dalam suhu yang selamat. Bahagian yang terlebih panas akan menyebabkannya mempunyai jangka hayat yang pendek dan menyebabkan sistem membeku atau rosak. Perkara ini dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penenggelam_haba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penenggelam haba (laman tidak wujud)">penenggelam haba</a> (untuk menambahkan luas permukaan) dan <a href="/wiki/Kipas_komputer" title="Kipas komputer">kipas komputer</a> (untuk melajukan pergerakan udara). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistem_pendinginan">Sistem pendinginan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sistem pendinginan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sistem pendinginan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendinginan_udara">Pendinginan udara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Pendinginan udara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pendinginan udara"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Komputer_meja" class="mw-redirect" title="Komputer meja">Komputer meja</a> lazimnya menggunakan satu atau lebih <a href="/wiki/Kipas_komputer" title="Kipas komputer">kipas</a> untuk pengurusan haba. Hampir semua <a href="/wiki/Bekalan_kuasa_komputer" title="Bekalan kuasa komputer">bekalan kuasa</a> komputer meja mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya satu kipas untuk udara ekzos daripada bekas. Kebanyakan pengeluar mencadangkan membawa masuk udara segar sejuk dari bahagian dasar hadapan peti, dan mengeluarkan udara panas dari bahagian atas belakang. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Komputer_riba" title="Komputer riba">Komputer riba</a> sering diletakkan di atas permukaan mendatar. Akan tetapi, untuk pendinginan udara yang baik, komputer bimbit sepatutnya diletakkan sedikit senget. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendinginan_air">Pendinginan air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Pendinginan air" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pendinginan air"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:PC_watercooling_T-Line-2009-12-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PC_watercooling_T-Line-2009-12-03.jpg/200px-PC_watercooling_T-Line-2009-12-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PC_watercooling_T-Line-2009-12-03.jpg/300px-PC_watercooling_T-Line-2009-12-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PC_watercooling_T-Line-2009-12-03.jpg/400px-PC_watercooling_T-Line-2009-12-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2392" data-file-height="2129" /></a><figcaption>Set pendinginan air buatan sendiri yang menunjukkan pam 12V, blok air CPU dan aplikasi talian T yang lazim.</figcaption></figure> <p>Asalnya terhad kepada <a href="/wiki/Komputer_kerangka_utama" title="Komputer kerangka utama">komputer kerangka utama</a>, sistem pendinginan air kini semakin dikaitkan dengan aplikasi <i><a href="/wiki/Overclock" title="Overclock">overclock</a></i> sama ada dalam bentuk kit yang sudah dikilangkan ataupun dalam bentuk pemasangan sendiri daripada bahagian berasingan. Sejak beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, populariti sistem pendinginan air semakin meningkat terutamanya terhadap komputer meja berprestasi tinggi. Air mempunyai keupayaan menyingkirkan lebih haba daripada pelbagai jenis logan yang digunakan pada penenggelam haba, menjadikannya sesuai bagi tujuan <i>overclock</i> serta aplikasi berprestasi tinggi lain. Antara kelebihan sistem pendinginan air termasuklah keupayaan sistem tersebut yang bukan sahaja menyejukkan satu kompinen sahaja, tetapi boleh dipasang bagi menyejukkan banyak komponen seperti <a href="/wiki/Unit_pemprosesan_pusat" title="Unit pemprosesan pusat">unit pemprosesan pusat</a>, unit pemprosesan grafik dan komponen lain pada sistem pendinginan yang sama. Tidak seperti sistem pendinginan udara, sistem pendinginan air kurang dipengaruhi suhu bilik. Paras bunyi bising sistem sejukan air juga turut digemari berbanding pada sistem sejukan udara, yang boleh jadi bising. Walau bagaimanapun, satu kelemahan utama pendinginan air ialah sistem tersebut boleh bocor, dan kebocoran bendalir pendingin boleh merosakkan mana-mana komponen elektronik yang bersentuhan dengan air. Satu lagi kelemahan sistem ini ialah tahap kerumitan sistem tersebut; penenggelam haba aktif biasa lebih mudah dibina, dipasang serta diselenggara berbanding sistem sejukan air. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paip_haba">Paip haba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Paip haba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_komputer&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Paip haba"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Radeon_9600XT_Heatpipe_passive_cooling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Radeon_9600XT_Heatpipe_passive_cooling.jpg/200px-Radeon_9600XT_Heatpipe_passive_cooling.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Radeon_9600XT_Heatpipe_passive_cooling.jpg/300px-Radeon_9600XT_Heatpipe_passive_cooling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Radeon_9600XT_Heatpipe_passive_cooling.jpg/400px-Radeon_9600XT_Heatpipe_passive_cooling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2153" data-file-height="2206" /></a><figcaption>Kad grafik dengan reka bentuk penyejukan paip haba.</figcaption></figure> <p>Paip haba merupakan sejenis tiub berongga yang mengandungi bendalir pemindah haba. Sambil bendalir tersebut menyejat, ia membawa haba ke bahagian yang lebih sejuk, di mana ia terkondensasi semula dan kembali semula ke bahagian panas (melalui tindakan kapilari, ataupun pada implementasi terawal, menggunakan graviti). Oleh itu, paip haba mempunyai kecekapan pengaliran haba berkesan yang lebih tinggi berbanding bahan pepejal. Bagi kegunaan komputer, penenggelam haba pada CPU dipasang pada penenggelam haba radiator yang besar. Kedua-dua penenggelam haba adalah berongga seperti mana pemasangan antara keduanya, menghasilkan satu paip haba besar yang memindahkan haba dari CPU ke radiator, yang kemudiannya disejukkan menggunakan kaedah konvensional. Kaedah sebegini adalah mahal dan biasanya digunakan apabila ruang pemasangan adalah sempit (seperti pada PC faktor bentuk kecil serta komputer riba), ataupun jika kesenyapan mutlak diperlukan (seperti pada komputer yang digunakan pada studio rakaman audio semasa rakaman langsung). Disebabkan tahap kecekapan kaedah pendinginan ini, banyak CPU dan GPU komputer meja, di samping cipset berprestasi tinggi, menggunakan paip haba di samping pendinginan aktif berasaskan kipas untuk mengekalkan tahap suhu pengendalian yang selamat. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6350819">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)1px;padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 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href="/wiki/Unit_pemprosesan_pusat" title="Unit pemprosesan pusat">Unit pemprosesan pusat</a> (CPU) •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingatan_capaian_rawak" title="Ingatan capaian rawak">Ingatan capaian rawak</a> (RAM) •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingatan_baca_sahaja" title="Ingatan baca sahaja">Ingatan baca sahaja</a> (ROM) •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PCI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PCI (laman tidak wujud)">PCI</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PCI_Express&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PCI Express (laman tidak wujud)">PCI Express</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bas_Bersiri_Semesta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas Bersiri Semesta">USB</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HyperTransport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HyperTransport (laman tidak wujud)">HyperTransport</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CSI (laman tidak wujud)">CSI</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AGP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AGP (laman tidak wujud)">AGP</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISA_(perkakasan_komputer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISA (perkakasan komputer) (laman tidak wujud)">ISA</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EISA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EISA (laman tidak wujud)">EISA</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VLB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VLB (laman tidak wujud)">VLB</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papan_induk" title="Papan induk">Papan induk</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pengawal storan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persekitaran_pembangunan_bersepadu" title="Persekitaran pembangunan bersepadu">IDE</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SATA (laman tidak wujud)">SATA</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RAID" title="RAID">RAID</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCSI (laman tidak wujud)">SCSI</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD-RW&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CD-RW (laman tidak wujud)">CD-RW</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DVD-ROM" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-ROM">DVD-ROM</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DVD-R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DVD-R (laman tidak wujud)">DVD-R</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DVD-RAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DVD-RAM (laman tidak wujud)">DVD-RAM</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DVD-RW&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DVD-RW (laman tidak wujud)">DVD-RW</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perakam_DVD" title="Perakam DVD">Perakam DVD</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BD-ROM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BD-ROM (laman tidak wujud)">BD-ROM</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perakam_BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perakam BD (laman tidak wujud)">Perakam BD</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pengawal video/bunyi</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kad_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Kad video">Kad video</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unit_pemprosesan_grafik" title="Unit pemprosesan grafik">Kad grafik</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kad_bunyi" title="Kad bunyi">Kad bunyi</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pengawal bas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Port_selari" title="Port selari">Port selari</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Port_bersiri" title="Port bersiri">Port bersiri</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bas_Bersiri_Semesta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas Bersiri Semesta">USB</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FireWire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FireWire (laman tidak wujud)">FireWire</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pengawal lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pendinginan komputer</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cakera_padat" title="Cakera padat">CD</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cakera_Blu-ray" title="Cakera Blu-ray">BD</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cakera_liut" title="Cakera liut">Cakera liut</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cakera_keras" title="Cakera keras">Cakera keras</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pemacu_kilat_USB" title="Pemacu kilat USB">Pemacu kilat USB</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kad_ingatan" title="Kad ingatan">Kad ingatan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemacu_Zip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemacu Zip (laman tidak wujud)">Pemacu Zip</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemacu_pita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemacu pita (laman tidak wujud)">Pemacu pita</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingatan_kilat" title="Ingatan kilat">Ingatan kilat</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_komputer" title="Rangkaian komputer">Rangkaian</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">Modem</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kad_antara_muka_rangkaian" title="Kad antara muka rangkaian">Kad antara muka rangkaian</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bilik_pelayan" title="Bilik pelayan">Bilik pelayan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladang_pelayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladang pelayan (laman tidak wujud)">Ladang pelayan</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peranti_masukan" title="Peranti masukan">Peranti masukan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papan_kekunci_(pengkomputan)" title="Papan kekunci (pengkomputan)">Papan kekunci</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetikus" title="Tetikus">Tetikus</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bebola_jejak" title="Bebola jejak">Bebola jejak</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kayu_ria" title="Kayu ria">Kayu ria</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pengimbas" title="Pengimbas">Pengimbas</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peranti_keluaran" title="Peranti keluaran">Peranti keluaran</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Monitor_komputer" title="Monitor komputer">Monitor</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pencetak_komputer" title="Pencetak komputer">Pencetak</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perkakasan lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kipas_komputer" title="Kipas komputer">Kipas</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bekalan_kuasa_komputer" title="Bekalan kuasa komputer">Bekalan kuasa</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kad_penala_TV" title="Kad penala TV">Kad penala TV</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bekalan_tenaga_berterusan" title="Bekalan tenaga berterusan">UPS</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil 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