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Cil</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ibrahim Cil"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ibrahim Cil"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Ibrahim Cil"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 236</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ibrahim Cil</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> Performance Comparison for AODV, DSR and DSDV W.R.T. CBR and TCP in Large Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20M.%20Buamod">Ibrahim M. Buamod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muattaz%20Elaneizi"> Muattaz Elaneizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless ad hoc self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links, the union of which forms an arbitrary topology, cause of the random mobility of the nodes. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare these three protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR on the performance basis under different traffic protocols namely CBR and TCP in a large network. The simulation tool is NS2, the scenarios are made to see the effect of pause times. The results presented in this paper clearly indicate that the different protocols behave differently under different pause times. Also, the results show the main characteristics of different traffic protocols operating on MANETs and thus select the best protocol on each scenario.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Awk" title="Awk">Awk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CBR" title=" CBR"> CBR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Random%20waypoint%20model" title=" Random waypoint model"> Random waypoint model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TCP." title=" TCP."> TCP.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/performance-comparison-for-aodv-dsr-and-dsdv-wrt-cbr-and-tcp-in-large-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1714</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Morphological and Syntactic Meaning: An Interactive Crossword Puzzle Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20Garba">Ibrahim Garba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research involved the use of word distributions and morphological knowledge by speakers of Arabic learning English connected different allomorphs in order to realize how the morphology and syntax of English gives meaning through using interactive crossword puzzles (ICP). Fifteen chapters covered with a class of nine learners over an academic year of an intensive English program were reviewed using the ICP. Learners were questioned about how the use of this gaming element enhanced and motivated their learning of English. The findings were positive indicating a successful implementation of ICP both at creational and user levels. This indicated a positive role technology had when learning and teaching English through adopting an interactive gaming element for learning English. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Distribution" title="Distribution">Distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gaming" title=" gaming"> gaming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interactive-crossword-puzzle" title=" interactive-crossword-puzzle"> interactive-crossword-puzzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=morphology." title=" morphology."> morphology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/morphological-and-syntactic-meaning-an-interactive-crossword-puzzle-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Printed Arabic Sub-Word Recognition Using Moments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20A.%20El%20rube">Ibrahim A. El rube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20T.%20El%20Sonni"> Mohamed T. El Sonni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soha%20S.%20Saleh"> Soha S. Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> the cursive nature of the Arabic writing makes it difficult to accurately segment characters or even deal with the whole word efficiently. Therefore, in this paper, a printed Arabic sub-word recognition system is proposed. The suggested algorithm utilizes geometrical moments as descriptors for the separated sub-words. Three types of moments are investigated and applied to the printed sub-word images after dividing each image into multiple parts using windowing. Since moments are global descriptors, the windowing mechanism allows the moments to be applied to local regions of the sub-word. The local-global mixture of the proposed scheme increases the discrimination power of the moments while keeping the simplicity and ease of use of moments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arabic%20sub-word%20recognition" title="Arabic sub-word recognition">Arabic sub-word recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=windowing" title=" windowing"> windowing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=aspectratio" title=" aspectratio"> aspectratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=moments." title=" moments."> moments.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/printed-arabic-sub-word-recognition-using-moments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Enhancement of the Performance of Al-Qatraneh 33-kV Transmission Line Using STATCOM: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Hamad">Ali Hamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20Al-Drous"> Ibrahim Al-Drous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saleh%20Al-Jufout"> Saleh Al-Jufout</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a case study of using STATCOM to enhance the performance of Al-Qatraneh 33-kV transmission line. The location of the STATCOM was identified by maintaining minimum voltage drops at the 110 load nodes. The transmission line and the 110 load nodes have been modeled by MATLAB/Simulink. The suggested STATCOM and its location will increase the transmission capability of this transmission line and overcome the overload expected in the year 2020. The annual percentage loading rise has been considered as 14.35%. A graphical representation of the line-to-line voltages and the voltage drops at different load nodes is illustrated.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FACTS" title="FACTS">FACTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=STATCOM" title=" STATCOM"> STATCOM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transmission%20line" title=" transmission line"> transmission line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=voltage%20drop." title=" voltage drop."> voltage drop.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/enhancement-of-the-performance-of-al-qatraneh-33-kv-transmission-line-using-statcom-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Profit Efficiency and Competitiveness of Commercial Banks in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rosita%20Suhaimi">Rosita Suhaimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Firdaus%20Abdullah"> Firdaus Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chong%20Fen%20Nee"> Chong Fen Nee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurhani%20Aba%20Ibrahim"> Nurhani Aba Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to identify the significance of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and competitiveness to the profit efficiency of commercial banks in Malaysia. The profit efficiency of commercial banks in Malaysia, the dependent variable, was estimated using the Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) on a sample of unbalanced panel data, covering 23 commercial banks, between 1995 to 2007. Based on the empirical results, ICT was not found to exert a significant impact on profit efficiency, whereas competitiveness, non ICT stock expenditure and ownership were significant contributors. On the other hand, the size of banks was found to have significantly reduced profit efficiency, opening up for various interpretations of the interrelated role of ICT and competition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Competitiveness" title="Competitiveness">Competitiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Profit%20Efficiency" title=" Profit Efficiency"> Profit Efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stochastic%0AFrontier%20Analysis" title=" Stochastic Frontier Analysis"> Stochastic Frontier Analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/profit-efficiency-and-competitiveness-of-commercial-banks-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2877</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> New Scheme in Determining nth Order Diagrams for Cross Multiplication Method via Combinatorial Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharmila%20Karim">Sharmila Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haslinda%20Ibrahim"> Haslinda Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zurni%20Omar"> Zurni Omar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a new recursive strategy is proposed for determining $\frac{(n-1)!}{2}$ of $n$th order diagrams. The generalization of $n$th diagram for cross multiplication method were proposed by Pavlovic and Bankier but the specific rule of determining $\frac{(n-1)!}{2}$ of the $n$th order diagrams for square matrix is yet to be discovered. Thus using combinatorial approach, $\frac{(n-1)!}{2}$ of the $n$th order diagrams will be presented as $\frac{(n-1)!}{2}$ starter sets. These starter sets will be generated based on exchanging one element. The advantages of this new strategy are the discarding process was eliminated and the sign of starter set is alternated to each others.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=starter%20sets" title="starter sets">starter sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=permutation" title=" permutation"> permutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exchanging%20one%20element" title=" exchanging one element"> exchanging one element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=determinant" title=" determinant"> determinant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/new-scheme-in-determining-nth-order-diagrams-for-cross-multiplication-method-via-combinatorial-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> An Evaluation of Requirements Management and Traceability Tools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Shahid">Muhammad Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Suhaimi%20Ibrahim"> Suhaimi Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Naz%27ri%20Mahrin"> Mohd Naz'ri Mahrin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Requirements management is critical to software delivery success and project lifecycle. Requirements management and their traceability provide assistance for many software engineering activities like impact analysis, coverage analysis, requirements validation and regression testing. In addition requirements traceability is the recognized component of many software process improvement initiatives. Requirements traceability also helps to control and manage evolution of a software system. This paper aims to provide an evaluation of current requirements management and traceability tools. Management and test managers require an appropriate tool for the software under test. We hope, evaluation identified here will help to select the efficient and effective tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Requirements%20Traceability" title="Requirements Traceability">Requirements Traceability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Requirements%20TraceabilityTools%3B%20Requirements%20Management" title=" Requirements TraceabilityTools; Requirements Management"> Requirements TraceabilityTools; Requirements Management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Requirement%20Engineering" title=" Requirement Engineering"> Requirement Engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/an-evaluation-of-requirements-management-and-traceability-tools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4020</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Investigation of the Effects of Sampling Frequency on the THD of 3-Phase Inverters Using Space Vector Modulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khattab%20Ibrahim%20Al%20Qaisi">Khattab Ibrahim Al Qaisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nicholas%20Bowring"> Nicholas Bowring</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the simulation results of the effects of sampling frequency on the total harmonic distortion (THD) of three-phase inverters using the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and space vector control (SVC) algorithms. The relationship between the variables was studied using curve fitting techniques, and it has been shown that, for 50 Hz inverters, there is an exponential relation between the sampling frequency and THD up to around 8500 Hz, beyond which the performance of the model becomes irregular, and there is an negative exponential relation between the sampling frequency and the marginal improvement to the THD. It has also been found that the performance of SVPWM is better than that of SVC with the same sampling frequency in most frequency range, including the range where the performance of the former is irregular.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SVPWM" title="SVPWM">SVPWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=THD" title=" THD"> THD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DC-AC%20Inverter" title=" DC-AC Inverter"> DC-AC Inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sampling%0D%0AFrequency." title=" Sampling Frequency."> Sampling Frequency.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/investigation-of-the-effects-of-sampling-frequency-on-the-thd-of-3-phase-inverters-using-space-vector-modulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2977</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> SIP Authentication Scheme using ECDH</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aytunc%20Durlanik">Aytunc Durlanik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20Sogukpinar"> Ibrahim Sogukpinar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), using HTML based call control messaging which is quite simple and efficient, is being replaced for VoIP networks recently. As for authentication and authorization purposes there are many approaches and considerations for securing SIP to eliminate forgery on the integrity of SIP messages. On the other hand Elliptic Curve Cryptography has significant advantages like smaller key sizes, faster computations on behalf of other Public Key Cryptography (PKC) systems that obtain data transmission more secure and efficient. In this work a new approach is proposed for secure SIP authentication by using a public key exchange mechanism using ECC. Total execution times and memory requirements of proposed scheme have been improved in comparison with non-elliptic approaches by adopting elliptic-based key exchange mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SIP" title="SIP">SIP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elliptic%20Curve%20Cryptography" title=" Elliptic Curve Cryptography"> Elliptic Curve Cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=voice%20over%20IP." title=" voice over IP."> voice over IP.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/sip-authentication-scheme-using-ecdh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Electromyographic Activity of the Medial Gastrocnemius and Lateral Gastrocnemius Muscle during Salat-s and Specific Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20K.%20M.%20Safee">M. K. M. Safee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20A.%20B.%20Wan%20Abas"> W. A. B. Wan Abas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20A.%20Abu%20Osman"> N. A. Abu Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Ibrahim"> F. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the activity of the gastrocnemius (Gas) muscle in healthy subjects during salat (ruku- position) and specific exercise [Unilateral Plantar Flexion Exercise (UPFE)] using electromyography (EMG). Both lateral and medial Gas muscles were assessed. A group of undergraduates aged between 19 to 25 years voluntarily participated in this study. The myoelectric activity of the muscles were recorded and analyzed. The finding indicated that there were contractions of the muscles during the salat and exercise with almost same EMG-s level. From the result, Wilcoxon-s Rank Sum test showed no significant difference between ruku- and UPFE for both medial (p=0.082) and lateral (p=0.226) of GAS muscles. Therefore, salat may be useful in strengthening exercise and also in rehabilitation programs for lower limb activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electromyography" title="Electromyography">Electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=salat" title=" salat"> salat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle." title=" muscle."> muscle.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/electromyographic-activity-of-the-medial-gastrocnemius-and-lateral-gastrocnemius-muscle-during-salat-s-and-specific-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Critical Success Factors of Information Technology Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md.%20Athar%20Imtiaz">Md. Athar Imtiaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abduljalil%20S.%20Al-Mudhary"> Abduljalil S. Al-Mudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md.%20Taha%20Mirhashemi"> Md. Taha Mirhashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roslina%20Ibrahim"> Roslina Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Information Technology (IT) is being used by almost all organizations throughout the world. However its success at supporting and improving business is debatable. There is always the risk of IT project failure and studies have proven that a large number of IT projects indeed do fail. There are many components that further the success of IT projects; these have been studied in previous studies. Studies have found the most necessary components for success in software development projects, executive information systems etc. In this study previous literatures that have looked into these success promoting factors have been critically reviewed and analyzed. 15 Critical Success Factors (CSF) of IT projects were enlisted and examined. These factors can be applied to all IT projects and is not specific to a particular type of IT/IS project. A hypothesis was also generated after the evaluation of the factors.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Critical%20Success%20Factors" title="Critical Success Factors">Critical Success Factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CSF" title=" CSF"> CSF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IT%20Projects" title=" IT Projects"> IT Projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IS%20Projects" title=" IS Projects"> IS Projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Software%20Development%20Projects." title=" Software Development Projects. "> Software Development Projects. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/critical-success-factors-of-information-technology-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Scene Adaptive Shadow Detection Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20Ibrahim%20M">Mohammed Ibrahim M</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anupama%20R."> Anupama R.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Robustness is one of the primary performance criteria for an Intelligent Video Surveillance (IVS) system. One of the key factors in enhancing the robustness of dynamic video analysis is,providing accurate and reliable means for shadow detection. If left undetected, shadow pixels may result in incorrect object tracking and classification, as it tends to distort localization and measurement information. Most of the algorithms proposed in literature are computationally expensive; some to the extent of equalling computational requirement of motion detection. In this paper, the homogeneity property of shadows is explored in a novel way for shadow detection. An adaptive division image (which highlights homogeneity property of shadows) analysis followed by a relatively simpler projection histogram analysis for penumbra suppression is the key novelty in our approach.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=homogeneity" title="homogeneity">homogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=penumbra" title=" penumbra"> penumbra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=projection%20histogram" title=" projection histogram"> projection histogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shadow%20correction" title="shadow correction">shadow correction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/scene-adaptive-shadow-detection-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1902</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Image Segment Matching Using Affine- Invariant Regions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20El%20rube%27">Ibrahim El rube'</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a method for matching image segments using triangle-based (geometrical) regions is proposed. Triangular regions are formed from triples of vertex points obtained from a keypoint detector (SIFT). However, triangle regions are subject to noise and distortion around the edges and vertices (especially acute angles). Therefore, these triangles are expanded into parallelogramshaped regions. The extracted image segments inherit an important triangle property; the invariance to affine distortion. Given two images, matching corresponding regions is conducted by computing the relative affine matrix, rectifying one of the regions w.r.t. the other one, then calculating the similarity between the reference and rectified region. The experimental tests show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm against geometrical distortion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20matching" title="Image matching">Image matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=key%20point%20detection" title=" key point detection"> key point detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=affine%0Ainvariant" title=" affine invariant"> affine invariant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=triangle-shaped%20segments." title=" triangle-shaped segments."> triangle-shaped segments.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/image-segment-matching-using-affine-invariant-regions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1890</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Optimal Control of Piezo-Thermo-Elastic Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marwan%20Abukhaled">Marwan Abukhaled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20Sadek"> Ibrahim Sadek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the vibrations suppression of a thermoelastic beam subject to sudden heat input by a distributed piezoelectric actuators. An optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of a quadratic functional in terms of displacement and velocity at a given time and with the least control effort. The solution method is based on a combination of modal expansion and variational approaches. The modal expansion approach is used to convert the optimal control of distributed parameter system into the optimal control of lumped parameter system. By utilizing the variational approach, an explicit optimal control law is derived and the determination of the corresponding displacement and velocity is reduced to solving a set of ordinary differential equations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimal%20control" title="Optimal control">Optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermoelastic%20beam" title=" Thermoelastic beam"> Thermoelastic beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=variational%20approach" title=" variational approach"> variational approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modal%20expansion%20approach" title=" modal expansion approach"> modal expansion approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/optimal-control-of-piezo-thermo-elastic-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> ReSeT : Reverse Engineering System Requirements Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rosziati%20Ibrahim">Rosziati Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tiu%20Kian%20Yong"> Tiu Kian Yong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reverse Engineering is a very important process in Software Engineering. It can be performed backwards from system development life cycle (SDLC) in order to get back the source data or representations of a system through analysis of its structure, function and operation. We use reverse engineering to introduce an automatic tool to generate system requirements from its program source codes. The tool is able to accept the C碌 programming source codes, scan the source codes line by line and parse the codes to parser. Then, the engine of the tool will be able to generate system requirements for that specific program to facilitate reuse and enhancement of the program. The purpose of producing the tool is to help recovering the system requirements of any system when the system requirements document (SRD) does not exist due to undocumented support of the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=System%20Requirements" title="System Requirements">System Requirements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reverse%20Engineering" title=" Reverse Engineering"> Reverse Engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SourceCodes." title=" SourceCodes."> SourceCodes.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/reset-reverse-engineering-system-requirements-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1674</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> On the Comparison of Several Goodness of Fit tests under Simple Random Sampling and Ranked Set Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Azna%20A.%20Shahabuddin">F. Azna A. Shahabuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kamarulzaman%20Ibrahim"> Kamarulzaman Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Aziz%20Jemain"> Abdul Aziz Jemain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many works have been carried out to compare the efficiency of several goodness of fit procedures for identifying whether or not a particular distribution could adequately explain a data set. In this paper a study is conducted to investigate the power of several goodness of fit tests such as Kolmogorov Smirnov (KS), Anderson-Darling(AD), Cramer- von- Mises (CV) and a proposed modification of Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test which incorporates a variance stabilizing transformation (FKS). The performances of these selected tests are studied under simple random sampling (SRS) and Ranked Set Sampling (RSS). This study shows that, in general, the Anderson-Darling (AD) test performs better than other GOF tests. However, there are some cases where the proposed test can perform as equally good as the AD test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Empirical%20distribution%20function" title="Empirical distribution function">Empirical distribution function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=goodness-of-fit" title=" goodness-of-fit"> goodness-of-fit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=order%20statistics" title="order statistics">order statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" ranked set sampling"> ranked set sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/on-the-comparison-of-several-goodness-of-fit-tests-under-simple-random-sampling-and-ranked-set-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1716</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Parallel Block Backward Differentiation Formulas for Solving Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairil%20Iskandar%20Othman">Khairil Iskandar Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zarina%20Bibi%20Ibrahim"> Zarina Bibi Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Suleiman"> Mohamed Suleiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A parallel block method based on Backward Differentiation Formulas (BDF) is developed for the parallel solution of stiff Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). Most common methods for solving stiff systems of ODEs are based on implicit formulae and solved using Newton iteration which requires repeated solution of systems of linear equations with coefficient matrix, I - h尾J . Here, J is the Jacobian matrix of the problem. In this paper, the matrix operations is paralleled in order to reduce the cost of the iterations. Numerical results are given to compare the speedup and efficiency of parallel algorithm and that of sequential algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20Differentiation%20Formula" title="Backward Differentiation Formula">Backward Differentiation Formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=block" title=" block"> block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ordinarydifferential%20equations." title=" ordinarydifferential equations."> ordinarydifferential equations.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/parallel-block-backward-differentiation-formulas-for-solving-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2011</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Tuberculin, Tetanus Immunoglobulin and DPT Vaccine as an Avian in vivo T- Lymphocyte Mitogens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20Mohammed%20Saeed%20Shnawa">Ibrahim Mohammed Saeed Shnawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The avian phytohaemagglutinin skin test is being proved as an in vivo system for the evaluation an avian in vivo T cell mitogenicity. The test system was one week old Gallus domesticus broiler Chickens. Five replicates were done for each of the whole, 1:10 dilutions of each of 0.05 IU tuberculin, tetanus immunoglobulin and DPT vaccine as test materials. The evaluation parameters were the skin indurations and lymphoblast percentages in bone marrow lymphocytes. Tuberculin indurations were 2.06 and 1.26mm for 0.05 IU respectively while lymphoblast percent were 0.234 and 0.1 accordingly. The skin indurations of 135mg/ml and 1.35mg/ml tetanus immunoglobulin were 4.86 and 3.96mm while lymphoblast percentages were 0.3 and 0.14 respectively. The whole DPT and 1:10 concentration were with 4.5 and 3.2mm while their lymphoblast percentages were 0.28 and 0.12 accordingly. Thus the mitogenicity of the test materials was of dependant type.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DPT" title="DPT">DPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mitogenicity" title=" Mitogenicity"> Mitogenicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tetenus" title=" Tetenus"> Tetenus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=immunoglobulin" title=" immunoglobulin"> immunoglobulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tubercular." title=" Tubercular."> Tubercular.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/tuberculin-tetanus-immunoglobulin-and-dpt-vaccine-as-an-avian-in-vivo-t-lymphocyte-mitogens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1639</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Design Channel Non-Persistent CSMA MAC Protocol Model for Complex Wireless Systems Based on SoC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20A.%20Aref">Ibrahim A. Aref</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tarek%20El-Mihoub"> Tarek El-Mihoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khadiga%20Ben%20Musa"> Khadiga Ben Musa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) communication models based on SoC design methodology. Such a model can be used to support the modeling of the complex wireless communication systems. Therefore, the use of such communication model is an important technique in the construction of high-performance communication. SystemC has been chosen because it provides a homogeneous design flow for complex designs (i.e. SoC and IP-based design). We use a swarm system to validate CSMA designed model and to show how advantages of incorporating communication early in the design process. The wireless communication created through the modeling of CSMA protocol that can be used to achieve communication between all the agents and to coordinate access to the shared medium (channel). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SystemC" title="SystemC">SystemC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CSMA." title=" CSMA."> CSMA.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/design-channel-non-persistent-csma-mac-protocol-model-for-complex-wireless-systems-based-on-soc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1660</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> A Cooperative Weighted Discriminator Energy Detector Technique in Fading Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20R.%20Alrabeiah">Muhammad R. Alrabeiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20S.%20Alnomay"> Ibrahim S. Alnomay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The need in cognitive radio system for a simple, fast, and independent technique to sense the spectrum occupancy has led to the energy detection approach. Energy detector is known by its dependency on noise variation in the system which is one of its major drawbacks. In this paper, we are aiming to improve its performance by utilizing a weighted collaborative spectrum sensing, it is similar to the collaborative spectrum sensing methods introduced previously in the literature. These weighting methods give more improvement for collaborative spectrum sensing as compared to no weighting case. There is two method proposed in this paper: the first one depends on the channel status between each sensor and the primary user while the second depends on the value of the energy measured in each sensor.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20radio" title="Cognitive radio">Cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrum%20sensing" title=" Spectrum sensing"> Spectrum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Collaborative%20sensors" title=" Collaborative sensors"> Collaborative sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weighted%20Decisions." title=" Weighted Decisions."> Weighted Decisions.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/a-cooperative-weighted-discriminator-energy-detector-technique-in-fading-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1731</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Influence of Reaction Temperature and Water Content on Wheat Straw Pyrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.Ibrahim">N.Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peter%20A.%20Jensen"> Peter A. Jensen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Dam-Johansen"> K. Dam-Johansen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roshafima.R.%20Ali"> Roshafima.R. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rafiziana.M.%20Kasmani"> Rafiziana.M. Kasmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of reaction temperature and wheat straw moisture content on the pyrolysis product yields, in the temperature range of 475-575 掳C. Samples of straw with moisture contents from 1.5 wt % to 15.0 wt % were fed to a bench scale Pyrolysis Centrifuge Reactor (PCR). The experimental results show that the changes in straw moisture content have no significant effect on the distribution of pyrolysis product yields. The maximum bio-oil yields approximately 60 (wt %, on dry ash free feedstock basis) was observed around 525 掳C - 550 掳C for all straw moisture levels. The water content in the wet straw bio-oil was the highest. The heating value of bio-oil and solid char were measured and the percentages of its energy distribution were calculated. The energy distributions of bio-oil, char and gas were 56- 69 % 24-33 %, and 2-19 %, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flash%20pyrolysis" title="Flash pyrolysis">Flash pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wheat%20straw" title=" wheat straw"> wheat straw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biooil." title=" biooil."> biooil.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/influence-of-reaction-temperature-and-water-content-on-wheat-straw-pyrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> A New Iterative Method for Solving Nonlinear Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20Abu-Alshaikh">Ibrahim Abu-Alshaikh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, a new root-finding method for solving nonlinear equations is proposed. This method requires two starting values that do not necessarily bracketing a root. However, when the starting values are selected to be close to a root, the proposed method converges to the root quicker than the secant method. Another advantage over all iterative methods is that; the proposed method usually converges to two distinct roots when the given function has more than one root, that is, the odd iterations of this new technique converge to a root and the even iterations converge to another root. Some numerical examples, including a sine-polynomial equation, are solved by using the proposed method and compared with results obtained by the secant method; perfect agreements are found.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iterative%20method" title="Iterative method">Iterative method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=root-finding%20method" title=" root-finding method"> root-finding method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sine-polynomial%20equations" title=" sine-polynomial equations"> sine-polynomial equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20equations." title=" nonlinear equations."> nonlinear equations.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/a-new-iterative-method-for-solving-nonlinear-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1694</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Improved FP-growth Algorithm with Multiple Minimum Supports Using Maximum Constraints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elsayeda%20M.%20Elgaml">Elsayeda M. Elgaml</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dina%20M.%20Ibrahim"> Dina M. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elsayed%20A.%20Sallam"> Elsayed A. Sallam </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Association rule mining is one of the most important fields of data mining and knowledge discovery. In this paper, we propose an efficient multiple support frequent pattern growth algorithm which we called “MSFP-growth” that enhancing the FPgrowth algorithm by making infrequent child node pruning step with multiple minimum support using maximum constrains. The algorithm is implemented, and it is compared with other common algorithms: Apriori-multiple minimum supports using maximum constraints and FP-growth. The experimental results show that the rule mining from the proposed algorithm are interesting and our algorithm achieved better performance than other algorithms without scarifying the accuracy. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Association%20Rules" title="Association Rules">Association Rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FP-growth" title=" FP-growth"> FP-growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiple%20minimum%0D%0Asupports" title=" Multiple minimum supports"> Multiple minimum supports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weka%20Tool" title=" Weka Tool"> Weka Tool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/improved-fp-growth-algorithm-with-multiple-minimum-supports-using-maximum-constraints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Fabrication and Characterization of Sawdust Composite Biodegradable Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.Z.%20Norashikin">M.Z. Norashikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.Z.%20Ibrahim"> M.Z. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This report shows the performance of composite biodegradable film from chitosan, starch and sawdust fiber. The main objectives of this research are to fabricate and characterize composite biodegradable film in terms of morphology and physical properties. The film was prepared by casting method. Sawdust fiber was used as reinforcing agent and starch as polymer matrix in the casting solution. The morphology of the film was characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM). The result showed that the film has smooth structure. Chemical composition of the film was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) where the result revealed present of starch in the film. The thermal properties were characterized using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) where the results showed that the film has small difference in melting and degradation temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sawdust" title="Sawdust">Sawdust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=film" title=" film"> film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biodegradable." title=" biodegradable."> biodegradable.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/fabrication-and-characterization-of-sawdust-composite-biodegradable-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Fifth Order Variable Step Block Backward Differentiation Formulae for Solving Stiff ODEs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.A.M.%20Yatim">S.A.M. Yatim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.B.%20Ibrahim"> Z.B. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.I.%20Othman"> K.I. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Ismail"> F. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The implicit block methods based on the backward differentiation formulae (BDF) for the solution of stiff initial value problems (IVPs) using variable step size is derived. We construct a variable step size block methods which will store all the coefficients of the method with a simplified strategy in controlling the step size with the intention of optimizing the performance in terms of precision and computation time. The strategy involves constant, halving or increasing the step size by 1.9 times the previous step size. Decision of changing the step size is determined by the local truncation error (LTE). Numerical results are provided to support the enhancement of method applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20differentiation%20formulae" title="Backward differentiation formulae">Backward differentiation formulae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=block%20backwarddifferentiation%20formulae" title=" block backwarddifferentiation formulae"> block backwarddifferentiation formulae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stiff%20ordinary%20differential%20equation" title=" stiff ordinary differential equation"> stiff ordinary differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=variablestep%20size." title=" variablestep size."> variablestep size.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/fifth-order-variable-step-block-backward-differentiation-formulae-for-solving-stiff-odes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Mathematical Modeling of a Sub-Wet Bulb Temperature Evaporative Cooling Using Porous Ceramic Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Meryem%20Kanzari">Meryem Kanzari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rabah%20Boukhanouf"> Rabah Boukhanouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hatem%20G.%20Ibrahim"> Hatem G. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Indirect Evaporative Cooling process has the advantage of supplying cool air at constant moisture content. However, such system can only supply air at temperatures above wet bulb temperature. This paper presents a mathematical model for a Sub-wet bulb temperature indirect evaporative cooling arrangement that can overcome this limitation and supply cool air at temperatures approaching dew point and without increasing its moisture content. In addition, the use of porous ceramics as wet media materials offers the advantage of integration into building elements. Results of the computer show the proposed design is capable of cooling air to temperatures lower than the ambient wet bulb temperature and achieving wet bulb effectiveness of about 1.17.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Indirect%20evaporative%20cooling" title="Indirect evaporative cooling">Indirect evaporative cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=porous%20ceramic" title=" porous ceramic"> porous ceramic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sub-wet%20bulb%20temperature." title=" sub-wet bulb temperature."> sub-wet bulb temperature.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/mathematical-modeling-of-a-sub-wet-bulb-temperature-evaporative-cooling-using-porous-ceramic-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> The Non-Uniqueness of Partial Differential Equations Options Price Valuation Formula for Heston Stochastic Volatility Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20D.%20Ibrahim">H. D. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20C.%20Chinwenyi"> H. C. Chinwenyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Danjuma"> T. Danjuma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>An option is defined as a financial contract that provides the holder the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a specified quantity of an underlying asset in the future at a fixed price (called a strike price) on or before the expiration date of the option. This paper examined two approaches for derivation of Partial Differential Equation (PDE) options price valuation formula for the Heston stochastic volatility model. We obtained various PDE option price valuation formulas using the riskless portfolio method and the application of Feynman-Kac theorem respectively. From the results obtained, we see that the two derived PDEs for Heston model are distinct and non-unique. This establishes the fact of incompleteness in the model for option price valuation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Option%20price%20valuation" title="Option price valuation">Option price valuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Partial%20Differential%20Equations" title=" Partial Differential Equations"> Partial Differential Equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Black-Scholes%20PDEs" title=" Black-Scholes PDEs"> Black-Scholes PDEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ito%20process." title=" Ito process."> Ito process.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/the-non-uniqueness-of-partial-differential-equations-options-price-valuation-formula-for-heston-stochastic-volatility-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Electromyography Activity of the Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris Muscles during Prostration and Squat Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Safee%20M.%20K.">Mohd Safee M. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wan%20Abas%20W.%20A.%20B"> Wan Abas W. A. B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20F."> Ibrahim F.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abu%20Osman%20N.%20A."> Abu Osman N. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Malik%20N.%20A."> Abdul Malik N. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper investigates the activity of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) in healthy subjects during salat (prostration) and specific exercise (squat exercise) using electromyography (EMG). A group of undergraduates aged between 19 to 25 years voluntarily participated in this study. The myoelectric activity of the muscles were recorded and analyzed. The finding indicated that there were contractions of the muscles during the salat and exercise with almost same EMG’s level. From the result, Wilcoxon’s Rank Sum test showed significant difference between prostration and squat exercise (p<0.05) but the differences was very small; RF (8.63%MVC) and BF (11.43%MVC). Therefore, salat may be useful in strengthening exercise and also in rehabilitation programs for lower limb activities. This pilot study conducted initial research into the biomechanical responses of human muscles in various positions of salat.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electromyography" title="Electromyography">Electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle" title=" muscle"> muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=salat." title=" salat."> salat.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/electromyography-activity-of-the-rectus-femoris-and-biceps-femoris-muscles-during-prostration-and-squat-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> Energy Consumption and Surface Finish Analysis of Machining Ti6Al4V</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salman%20Pervaiz">Salman Pervaiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20Deiab"> Ibrahim Deiab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amir%20Rashid"> Amir Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mihai%20Nicolescu"> Mihai Nicolescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hossam%20Kishawy"> Hossam Kishawy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions impose major threat to global warming potential (GWP). Unfortunately manufacturing sector is one of the major sources that contribute towards the rapid increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. In manufacturing sector electric power consumption is the major driver that influences CO2 emission. Titanium alloys are widely utilized in aerospace, automotive and petrochemical sectors because of their high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance. Titanium alloys are termed as difficult to cut materials because of their poor machinability rating. The present study analyzes energy consumption during cutting with reference to material removal rate (MRR). Surface roughness was also measured in order to optimize energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy%20Consumption" title="Energy Consumption">Energy Consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CO2%20Emission" title=" CO2 Emission"> CO2 Emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ti6Al4V." title=" Ti6Al4V."> Ti6Al4V.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/energy-consumption-and-surface-finish-analysis-of-machining-ti6al4v" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2784</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Fractional Masks Based On Generalized Fractional Differential Operator for Image Denoising</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamid%20A.%20Jalab">Hamid A. Jalab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rabha%20W.%20Ibrahim"> Rabha W. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper introduces an image denoising algorithm based on generalized Srivastava-Owa fractional differential operator for removing Gaussian noise in digital images. The structures of nxn fractional masks are constructed by this algorithm. Experiments show that, the capability of the denoising algorithm by fractional differential-based approach appears efficient to smooth the Gaussian noisy images for different noisy levels. The denoising performance is measured by using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) for the denoising images. The results showed an improved performance (higher PSNR values) when compared with standard Gaussian smoothing filter.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractional%20calculus" title="Fractional calculus">Fractional calculus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractional%20differential%20operator" title=" fractional differential operator"> fractional differential operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractional%20mask" title=" fractional mask"> fractional mask</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractional%20filter." title=" fractional filter."> fractional filter.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996971/fractional-masks-based-on-generalized-fractional-differential-operator-for-image-denoising" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996971/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary 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