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preschool</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: entry to preschool"> <meta name="keywords" content="entry to preschool"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="entry to preschool"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 662</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: entry to preschool</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">602</span> Water Quality, Safety and Drowning Prevention to Preschool Children in Sub-Saharan Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amos%20King%27ori%20Githu">Amos King'ori Githu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water safety is crucial for all ages, but particularly for children. In the past decade, preschool institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa have seen the inclusion of swimming as one of the co-curricular activities. However, these countries face challenges in adopting frameworks, staffing, and resources to heighten water safety, quality, and drowning prevention, hence the focus of this research. It is worth noting that drowning is a leading cause of injury-related deaths among children. Universally, the highest drowning rates occur among children aged 1-4 years and 5-9 years. Preschool children even stand a higher risk of drowning as they are active, eager, and curious to explore their environment. If not supervised closely around or in water, these children can drown quickly in just a few inches of water. Thus, this empirical review focuses on the identification, assessment, and analysis of water safety efforts to curb drowning among children and assess the quality of water to mitigate contamination that may eventually pose infection risks to the children. In addition, it outlines the use of behavioral theories and evaluation frameworks to guide the above. Notably, a search on ten databases was adopted for crucial peer-reviewed articles, and five were selected in the eventual review. This research relied extensively on secondary data to curb water infections and drowning-inflicted deaths among children. It suffices to say that interventions must be supported that adopt an array of strategies, are guided by planning and theory as well as evaluation frameworks, and are vast in intervention design, evaluation, and delivery methodology. Finally, this approach will offer solid evidence that can be shared to guide future practices and policies in preschools on child safety and drowning prevention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20and%20safety" title="water quality and safety">water quality and safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drowning%20prevention" title=" drowning prevention"> drowning prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20children" title=" preschool children"> preschool children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-saharan%20Africa" title=" sub-saharan Africa"> sub-saharan Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervision" title=" supervision"> supervision</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172615/water-quality-safety-and-drowning-prevention-to-preschool-children-in-sub-saharan-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">601</span> Intervention of Threat and Surveillance on the Obedience of Preschool Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Mhae%20Diaz">Sarah Mhae Diaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erika%20Anna%20De%20Leon"> Erika Anna De Leon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacklin%20Alwil%20Cartagena"> Jacklin Alwil Cartagena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geordan%20Caruncong"> Geordan Caruncong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micah%20Riezl%20Gonzales"> Micah Riezl Gonzales</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the intervention of threat and surveillance on the obedience of 100 preschool children through a task variable experiment replicated from the previous studies of Higbee (1979), and Chua, J., Chua, M., & Pico (1983). Nowadays, obedience among Filipino children to authority is disregarded since they are more outspoken and rebel due to social influences. With this, aside from corporal punishment, threat and surveillance became a mean of inducing obedience. Threat, according to the Dissonance Theory, can give attitudinal change. On the other hand, surveillance, according to the Theory of Social Facilitation, can either contribute to the completion or failure to do a task. Through a 2x2 factorial design, results show; (1) threat (F(1,96) = 12.487, p < 0.05) and (2) surveillance (F(1,96)=9.942, p<.05) had a significant main effect on obedience, suggesting that the Dissonance Theory and Theory of Social Facilitation is respectively true in the study. On the other hand, (3) no interaction (F(1,96)=1.303, p > .05) was seen since threat and surveillance both have a main effect that could be positive or negative, or could be because of their complementary property as supported by the post-hoc results. Also, (4) most effective commanding style is threat and surveillance setting (M = 30.04, SD = 7.971) due to the significant main effect of the two variables. With this, in the Filipino Setting, threat and surveillance has proven to be a very effective strategy to discipline and induce obedience from a child. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20study" title="experimental study">experimental study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obedience" title=" obedience"> obedience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20children" title=" preschool children"> preschool children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveillance" title=" surveillance"> surveillance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threat" title=" threat"> threat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27034/intervention-of-threat-and-surveillance-on-the-obedience-of-preschool-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">600</span> The First Japanese-Japanese Dictionary for Non-Japanese Using the Defining Vocabulary</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minoru%20Moriguchi">Minoru Moriguchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research introduces the concept of a monolingual Japanese dictionary for non-native speakers of Japanese, whose temporal title is Dictionary of Contemporary Japanese for Advanced Learners (DCJAL). As the language market is very small compared with English, a monolingual Japanese dictionary for non-native speakers, containing sufficient entries, has not been published yet. In such a dictionary environment, Japanese-language learners are using bilingual dictionaries or monolingual Japanese dictionaries for Japanese people. This research started in 2017, as a project team which consists of four Japanese and two non-native speakers, all of whom are linguists of the Japanese language. The team has been trying to propose the concept of a monolingual dictionary for non-native speakers of Japanese and to provide the entry list, the definition samples, the list of defining vocabulary, and the writing manual. As the result of seven-year research, DCJAL has come to have 28,060 head words, 539 entry examples, 4,598-word defining vocabulary, and the writing manual. First, the number of the entry was determined as about 30,000, based on an experimental method using existing six dictionaries. To make the entry list satisfying this number, words suitable for DCJAL were extracted from the Tsukuba corpus of the Japanese language, and later the entry list was adjusted according to the experience as Japanese instructor. Among the head words of the entry list, 539 words were selected and added with lexicographical information such as proficiency level, pronunciation, writing system (hiragana, katakana, kanji, or alphabet), definition, example sentences, idiomatic expression, synonyms, antonyms, grammatical information, sociolinguistic information, and etymology. While writing the definition of the above 539 words, the list of the defining vocabulary was constructed, based on frequent vocabulary used in a Japanese monolingual dictionary. Although the concept of DCJAL has been almost perfected, it may need some more adjustment, and the research is continued. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monolingual%20dictionary" title="monolingual dictionary">monolingual dictionary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Japanese%20language" title=" the Japanese language"> the Japanese language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-native%20speaker%20of%20Japanese" title=" non-native speaker of Japanese"> non-native speaker of Japanese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defining%20vocabulary" title=" defining vocabulary"> defining vocabulary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186126/the-first-japanese-japanese-dictionary-for-non-japanese-using-the-defining-vocabulary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">599</span> Exploring Causes of Homelessness and Shelter Entry: A Case Study Analysis of Shelter Data in New York</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lindsay%20Fink">Lindsay Fink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarha%20Smith-Moyo"> Sarha Smith-Moyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leanne%20W.%20Charlesworth"> Leanne W. Charlesworth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the number of individuals experiencing homelessness has increased in the United States. This paper analyzes 2019 data from 16 different emergency shelters in Monroe County, located in Upstate New York. The data were collected through the County’s Homeless Management Information System (HMIS), and individuals were de-identified and de-duplicated for analysis. The purpose of this study is to explore the basic characteristics of the homeless population in Monroe County, and the dynamics of shelter use. The results of this study showed gender as a significant factor when analyzing the relationship between demographic variables and recorded reasons for shelter entry. Results also indicated that age and ethnicity did not significantly influence odds of re-entering a shelter, but did significantly influence reasons for shelter entry. Overall, the most common recorded cause of shelter entry in 2019 in the examined county was eviction by primary tenant. Recommendations to better address recurrent shelter entry and potential chronic homelessness include more consideration for the diversity existing within the homeless population, and the dynamics leading to shelter stays, including enhanced funding and training for shelter staff, as well as expanded access to permanent supportive housing programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20homelessness" title="chronic homelessness">chronic homelessness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homeless%20shelter%20stays" title=" homeless shelter stays"> homeless shelter stays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20supportive%20housing" title=" permanent supportive housing"> permanent supportive housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelter%20population%20dynamics" title=" shelter population dynamics"> shelter population dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132424/exploring-causes-of-homelessness-and-shelter-entry-a-case-study-analysis-of-shelter-data-in-new-york" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">598</span> Entry Inhibitors Are Less Effective at Preventing Cell-Associated HIV-2 Infection than HIV-1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Diniz">A. R. Diniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Borrego"> P. Borrego</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20B%C3%A1rtolo"> I. Bártolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Taveira"> N. Taveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cell-to-cell transmission plays a critical role in the spread of HIV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of HIV-1 cell-associated infection by antiretroviral drugs and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is more difficult compared to cell-free infection. Limited data exists on cell-associated infection by HIV-2 and its inhibition. In this work, we determined the ability of entry inhibitors to inhibit HIV-1 and HIV-2 cell-to cell fusion as a proxy to cell-associated infection. We developed a method in which Hela-CD4-cells are first transfected with a Tat expressing plasmid (pcDNA3.1+/Tat101) and infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing either the HIV-1 (vPE16: from isolate HTLV-IIIB, clone BH8, X4 tropism) or HIV-2 (vSC50: from HIV-2SBL/ISY, R5 and X4 tropism) envelope glycoproteins (M.O.I.=1 PFU/cell).These cells are added to TZM-bl cells. When cell-to-cell fusion (syncytia) occurs the Tat protein diffuses to the TZM-bl cells activating the expression of a reporter gene (luciferase). We tested several entry inhibitors including the fusion inhibitors T1249, T20 and P3, the CCR5 antagonists MVC and TAK-779, the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and several HIV-2 neutralizing antibodies (Nabs). All compounds inhibited HIV-1 and HIV-2 cell fusion albeit to different levels. Maximum percentage of HIV-2 inhibition (MPI) was higher for fusion inhibitors (T1249- 99.8%; P3- 95%, T20-90%) followed by co-receptor antagonists (MVC- 63%; TAK-779- 55%; AMD3100- 45%). NAbs from HIV-2 infected patients did not prevent cell fusion up to the tested concentration of 4μg/ml. As for HIV-1, MPI reached 100% with TAK-779 and T1249. For the other antivirals, MPIs were: P3-79%; T20-75%; AMD3100-61%; MVC-65%.These results are consistent with published data. Maraviroc had the lowest IC50 both for HIV-2 and HIV-1 (IC50 HIV-2= 0.06 μM; HIV-1=0.0076μM). Highest IC50 were observed with T20 for HIV-2 (3.86μM) and with TAK-779 for HIV-1 (12.64μM). Overall, our results show that entry inhibitors in clinical use are less effective at preventing Env mediated cell-to-cell-fusion in HIV-2 than in HIV-1 which suggests that cell-associated HIV-2 infection will be more difficult to inhibit compared to HIV-1. The method described here will be useful to screen for new HIV entry inhibitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-to-cell%20fusion" title="cell-to-cell fusion">cell-to-cell fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20inhibitors" title=" entry inhibitors"> entry inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NAbs" title=" NAbs"> NAbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccinia%20virus" title=" vaccinia virus"> vaccinia virus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42899/entry-inhibitors-are-less-effective-at-preventing-cell-associated-hiv-2-infection-than-hiv-1" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">597</span> One of the Missing Pieces of Inclusive Education: Sexual Orientations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C4%B1la%20Uzkul">Sıla Uzkul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a requirement of human rights and children's rights, the basic condition of inclusive education is that it covers all children. However, the reforms made in the context of education in Turkey and around the world include a limited level of inclusiveness. Generally, the inclusiveness mentioned is for individuals who need special education. Educational reforms superficially state that differences are tolerated, but these differences are extremely limited and often do not include sexual orientation. When we look at the education modules of the Ministry of National Education within the scope of inclusive education in Turkey, there are children with special needs, bilingual children, children exposed to violence, children under temporary protection, children affected by migration and terrorism, and children affected by natural disasters. No training modules or inclusion terms regarding sexual orientations could be found. This research aimed to understand the perspectives of research assistants working in the preschool education department regarding sexual orientations within the scope of inclusive education. Six research assistants working in the preschool teaching department at a public university in Ankara (Turkey) participated in this qualitative research study. Participants were determined by typical case sampling, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods. The data of this research was obtained through a "survey consisting of open-ended questions". Raw data from the surveys were analyzed and interpreted using the "content analysis technique" (Yıldırım & Şimşek, 2005). During the data analysis process, the data from the participants were first numbered, then all the data were read, and content analysis was performed, and possible themes, categories, and codes were extracted. The opinions of the participants in the research regarding sexual orientations in inclusive education are presented under three main headings within the scope of the research questions. These are: (a) their views on inclusive education, (b) their views on sexual orientations (c) their views on sexual orientations in the preschool period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20orientation" title="sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20education" title=" inclusive education"> inclusive education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20rights" title=" child rights"> child rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20education" title=" preschool education"> preschool education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179039/one-of-the-missing-pieces-of-inclusive-education-sexual-orientations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">596</span> Psychometric Properties of the Sensory Processing Measure Preschool-Home among Children with Autism in Saudi Arabia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahad%20Alkhalifah">Shahad Alkhalifah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonh%20Wright"> Jonh Wright</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder associated, for 42% to 88% of people with ASD, with sensory processing disorders. Sensory processing disorders (SPD) impact daily functioning, and it is, therefore, essential to be able to diagnose them accurately. Currently, however, there is no assessment tool available for the Saudi Arabia (SA) population that would cover a wider enough age range. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Sensory Processing Measure Preschool-Home Form (SPM-P) when used in English, with a population of English-speaking Saudi participants. This was chosen due to time limitations and the urgency in providing practitioners with appropriate tools. Using a convenience sampling approach group of caregivers of typically developing (TD) children and a group of caregivers for children with ASD were recruited (N = 40 and N = 16, respectively), and completed the SPM-P Home Form. Participants were also invited to complete it again after two weeks for test-retest reliability, and respectively, nine and five agreed. Reliability analyses suggested some issues with a few items when used in the Saudi culture, and, along with interscale correlations, it highlighted concerns with the factor structure. However, it was also found that the SPM-P Home has good criterion-based validity, and it is, therefore, suggested that it can be used until a tool is developed through translation and cultural adaptation. It is also suggested that the current factor structure of SPM-P Home is reassessed using a large sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title="autism">autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory" title=" sensory"> sensory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20processing%20dysfunction" title=" sensory processing dysfunction"> sensory processing dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool" title=" preschool"> preschool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88556/psychometric-properties-of-the-sensory-processing-measure-preschool-home-among-children-with-autism-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">595</span> The Effect of Mindfulness on Eating Enjoyment and Behavior in Preschool and Elementary Children: A Field Experiment across Four Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phan%20Hong">Phan Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Lishner"> David Lishner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Hanson"> Matthew Hanson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sixty-five children across four school research sites participated in the present experiment, which was designed to examine whether mindfulness promotes eating enjoyment and diverse eating behaviors in preschool- and early elementary-age children. Children, ages 3-9 years old, were randomly assigned to a 4-week mindfulness intervention condition or a 4-week exposure, control condition. Each week for four days, children received one of four different foods (celery, cauliflower, kidney beans, or garbanzo beans). Children either received instructions to mindfully engage with the food or were given the food and allowed to eat without mindfulness prompts from the researchers. Following the eating exercise, they recorded the amount eaten and rated their enjoyment level. Across all sessions, researchers modeled eating behaviors for the children by eating all the offered food. Results suggested that a brief mindfulness intervention promoted more diverse eating behaviors and more overall food consumption of typically not preferred and unfamiliar foods (celery, cauliflower, and garbanzo beans), compared with an exposure, control condition in preschool children and elementary-age children. However, food enjoyment ratings did not significantly differ between the two conditions for any of the foods. Implications of the finding for addressing eating behavior of young children are considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20trial" title=" control trial"> control trial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eating%20behavior" title=" eating behavior"> eating behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eating%20enjoyment" title=" eating enjoyment"> eating enjoyment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mindfulness" title=" mindfulness"> mindfulness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schools" title=" schools"> schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77552/the-effect-of-mindfulness-on-eating-enjoyment-and-behavior-in-preschool-and-elementary-children-a-field-experiment-across-four-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">594</span> A Coordinated School Health Program Effect on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Preschool Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zasha%20Romero">Zasha Romero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Trevino"> Roberto Trevino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Wang"> Lin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Alanis"> Elizabeth Alanis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesus%20Cuellar"> Jesus Cuellar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: There is a strong relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and high adiposity levels. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the Bienestar/Neema Coordinated School Health Program (BN CSHP) on the CRF of preschool children. Methods: This is a randomized cluster trial conducted in preschools of two school districts located along the Texas-Mexico border. Of 48 eligible schools, 28 were randomly selected (intervention, n=14; control, n=14). Family demographics and household health characteristics were collected from parents. CRF, as measured by the Progressive Anaerobic Capacity Endurance Run (PACER) fitness test, was collected from the children. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to analyze the data. Results: Family demographics, household health characteristics, and children’s weight, obesity prevalence, and sedentary activity were similar among both treatment groups. After adjusting for covariates, the number of laps run by children in the control group increased by 23% (CI: -5% to 60%) per each data collection period compared with 53% (CI: 7% to 119%) in the intervention group. Conclusions: Children in the BN CSHP, compared to those in the control group, had a significantly higher increase in their CRF. This finding is important because of the health benefits of CRF in children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordinated%20school%20health%20program" title="coordinated school health program">coordinated school health program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiorespiratory%20fitness" title=" cardiorespiratory fitness"> cardiorespiratory fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20health" title=" border health"> border health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool" title=" preschool"> preschool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20education" title=" physical education"> physical education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=movement" title=" movement"> movement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163073/a-coordinated-school-health-program-effect-on-cardiorespiratory-fitness-in-preschool-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">593</span> Exploring Barriers and Pathways to Wellbeing and Sources of Resilience of Refugee Mothers in Calgary during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chloe%20Zivot">Chloe Zivot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasha%20Vattikonda"> Natasha Vattikonda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debbie%20Bell"> Debbie Bell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We conducted interviews with refugee mothers (n=28) participating in the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) program in Calgary to explore experiences of wellbeing and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disruptions to education and increased isolation, and parental duties contributed to decreased wellbeing. Mothers identified tangible protective factors at the micro, meso, and macro levels. HIPPY played a substantial role in pandemic resilience, speaking to the potential of home-based intervention models in mitigating household adversity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee%20resettlement" title="refugee resettlement">refugee resettlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20wellbeing" title=" family wellbeing"> family wellbeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motherhood" title=" motherhood"> motherhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title=" resilience"> resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143003/exploring-barriers-and-pathways-to-wellbeing-and-sources-of-resilience-of-refugee-mothers-in-calgary-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-the-role-of-home-instruction-for-parents-of-preschool-youngsters-hippy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">592</span> Investigation of the Effect of Preschool Sex Education Program on Parents' Level of Sexual Development Knowledge, Attitude, Communication and Sexual Abuse Awareness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sila%20Uzkul">Sila Uzkul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayse%20Dilek%20Ogreti%CC%87r%20Ozceli%CC%87k"> Ayse Dilek Ogreti̇r Ozceli̇k</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sexual development, which starts from fertilization, gainssocial, cultural and psychological dimensions with birth and becomes a lifelongpart of human life. Inorderforchildrentogrowup as healthyindividuals, alldevelopmentalareasneedto be supportedcorrectly, but when it comestosexualdevelopmentandeducation, studiesshowthateducatorsandparentsareinsufficient in terms of information on this subject, andtheyareworried, inadequate In, In restless, In uncomfortableandexcited in In terms In of communication. With this research, it is aimedtoincreasetheknowledgelevel of the parents, theirpositiveattitudetowardssexualeducation, positivecommunicationduringsexualeducationandawareness of sexualabusebyprovidingsexualeducationtotheparents of childrenreceivingpre-schooleducation. The study group of this research, which was designed in quantitativeresearchtype, experimental design, and Solomon four-group model, will be composed of parents of childrenattendingpre-schooleducationinstitutions. In the preparation of the Preschool SexEducation Program to be applied to parents, primaryandsecondarydatasourceswill be used, literaturereviewandarchivescanningmethodswill be used. In the content of the program, theeight main topics (our body, sexuality, emotions, relationships, health, norms, reproductionandrights) thatthe World HealthOrganizationstatesshould be addressed in sexualeducation how toteachthesesubjectstotheirchildren, how toanswerquestionsfromthechild, childsexualdevelopmentandsexualabusetopicswill be included. Theparentsexualeducation program is plannedto be held online (byzoom) for about 45 minutesonce a weekfor 11 weeks. Data will be collectedusingtheSexualCommunicationScale, theSexualEducationAttitudeScale, the sexual Development Knowledge Level andtheAbuse Information/AttitudeScaleforParents. Demographic information of the the parents will be collectedwiththePersonal Information Form to be preparedbytheresearchers. Appropriatestatisticalmethodswill be used in theanalysis of thedata. Studyfindingswill be given in an oral presentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool" title="preschool">preschool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20development" title=" sexual development"> sexual development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexuality%20education" title=" sexuality education"> sexuality education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20communication" title=" sexual communication"> sexual communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20childhood" title=" early childhood"> early childhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents%27%20sex%20education" title=" parents' sex education"> parents' sex education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140705/investigation-of-the-effect-of-preschool-sex-education-program-on-parents-level-of-sexual-development-knowledge-attitude-communication-and-sexual-abuse-awareness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">591</span> Multilingualism without a Dominant Language in the Preschool Age: A Case of Natural Italian-Russian-German-English Multilingualism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Legkikh%20Victoria">Legkikh Victoria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of keeping bi/multilingualism is usually a way to let the child speak two/three languages at the same level. The main problem which normally appears is a mixed language or a domination of one language. The same level of two or more languages would be ideal but practically not easily reachable. So it was made an experiment with a girl with a natural multilingualism as an attempt to avoid a dominant language in the preschool age. The girl lives in Germany and the main languages for her are Italian, Russian and German but she also hears every day English. ‘One parent – one language’ strategy was used since the beginning so Italian and Russian were spoken to her since her birth, English was spoken between the parents and when she was 1,5 it was added German as a language of a nursery. In order to avoid a dominant language, she was always put in international groups with activity in different languages. Even if it was not possible to avoid an interference of languages in this case we can talk not only about natural multilingualism but also about balanced bilingualism in preschool time. The languages have been developing in parallel with different accents in a different period. Now at the age of 6 we can see natural horizontal multilingualism Russian/Italian/German/English. At the moment, her Russian/Italian bilingualism is balanced. German vocabulary is less but the language is active and English is receptive. We can also see a reciprocal interference of all the three languages (English is receptive so the simple phrases are normally said correctly but they are not enough to judge the level of language interference and it is not noticed any ‘English’ mistakes in other languages). After analysis of the state of every language, we can see as a positive and negative result of the experiment. As a positive result we can see that in the age of 6 the girl does not refuse any language, three languages are active, she differentiate languages and even if she says a word from another language she notifies that it is not a correct word, and the most important are the fact, that she does not have a preferred language. As a prove of the last statement it is to be noticed not only her self-identification as ‘half Russian and half Italian’ but also an answer to the question about her ‘mother tongue’: ‘I do not know, probably, when I have my own children I will speak one day Russian and one day Italian and sometimes German’. As a negative result, we can notice that not only a development of all the three languages are a little bit slower than it is supposed for her age but since she does not have a dominating language she also does not have a ‘perfect’ language and the interference is reciprocal. In any case, the experiment shows that it is possible to keep at least two languages without a preference in a pre-school multilingual space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balanced%20bilingualism" title="balanced bilingualism">balanced bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20interference" title=" language interference"> language interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20multilingualism" title=" natural multilingualism"> natural multilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20multilingual%20education" title=" preschool multilingual education"> preschool multilingual education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56962/multilingualism-without-a-dominant-language-in-the-preschool-age-a-case-of-natural-italian-russian-german-english-multilingualism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">590</span> Translation and Adaptation of the Assessment Instrument “Kiddycat” for European Portuguese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsa%20Marta%20Soares">Elsa Marta Soares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Rita%20Valente"> Ana Rita Valente</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristiana%20Rodrigues"> Cristiana Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filipa%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Filipa Gonçalves </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The assessment of feelings and attitudes of preschool children in relation to stuttering is crucial. Negative experiences can lead to anxiety, worry or frustration. To avoid the worsening of attitudes and feelings related to stuttering, it is important the early detection in order to intervene as soon as possible through an individualized intervention plan. Then it is important to have Portuguese instruments that allow this assessment. Aims: The aim of the present study is to realize the translation and adaptation of the Communication Attitude Test for Children in Preschool Age and Kindergarten (KiddyCat) for EP. Methodology: For the translation and adaptation process, a methodological study was carried out with the following steps: translation, back translation, assessment by a committee of experts and pre-test. This abstract describes the results of the first two phases of this process. The translation was accomplished by two bilingual individuals without experience in health and any knowledge about the instrument. One of them was an English teacher and the other one a Translator. The back-translation was conducted by two Senior Class Teachers that live in United Kingdom without any knowledge in health and about the instrument. Results and Discussion: In translation there were differences in semantic equivalences of various expressions and concepts. A discussion between the two translators, mediated by the researchers, allowed to achieve the consensus version of the translated instrument. Taking into account the original version of KiddyCAT the results demonstrated that back-translation versions were similar to the original version of this assessment instrument. Although the back-translators used different words, they were synonymous, maintaining semantic and idiomatic equivalences of the instrument’s items. Conclusion: This project contributes with an important resource that can be used in the assessment of feelings and attitudes of preschool children who stutter. This was the first phase of the research; expert panel and pretest are being developed. Therefore, it is expected that this instrument contributes to an holistic therapeutic intervention, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feelings%20and%20attitudes" title=" feelings and attitudes"> feelings and attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20children" title=" preschool children"> preschool children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stuttering" title=" stuttering "> stuttering </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121633/translation-and-adaptation-of-the-assessment-instrument-kiddycat-for-european-portuguese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">589</span> Associations Between Executive Function and Physical Fitness in Preschool Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksander%20Veraksa">Aleksander Veraksa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alla%20Tvardovskaya"> Alla Tvardovskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margarita%20Gavrilova"> Margarita Gavrilova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Yakupova"> Vera Yakupova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Mus%C3%A1lek"> Martin Musálek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the current agreement on the significance of executive functions, there is growing interest in determining factors that contribute to the development of these skills, especially during the preschool period. Although multiple studies have been focusing on links between physical activity, physical fitness and executive functions, this topic was more investigated in schoolchildren and adults than in preschoolers. The aim of the current study was to identify different levels of physical fitness among pre-schoolers, followed by an analysis of differences in their executive functions. Participants were 261 5-6-years old children. Inhibitory control and working memory were positively linked with physical fitness. Cognitive flexibility was not associated with physical fitness. The research findings are considered from neuropsychological grounds, Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, and the cultural-historical approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20flexibility" title="cognitive flexibility">cognitive flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20control" title=" inhibitory control"> inhibitory control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20fitness" title=" physical fitness"> physical fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20memory." title=" working memory."> working memory.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143584/associations-between-executive-function-and-physical-fitness-in-preschool-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">588</span> Live Concert Performances in Preschool: Requirements of a Successful Concert for Young Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Ying%20Liao">Mei-Ying Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this study was to examine the requirements of a successful concert for young children in preschool in Taiwan. This study reports a case study of a preschool’s experience which undertook ten concerts for young children. The main audiences were young children who were two to six years of age. The performers, including children’s family, amateurs and professional performers, were invited to perform music instruments or singing twice a week. The performers participated in these concerts separately, as a solo or ensemble performance. There were totally ten concerts. The structure of concert included the performance, musical activities, questions and answers, song requests, and exploration of instruments. Data collection included interviews with children, teachers and performers, concert observations, and footnotes. Results showed that the requirements of a successful and meaningful concert for young children were suggested to include concert preparation, concert, and post activities. The concert organizer, host and classroom teachers played vital roles for a successful concert. The organizer had to organize the programs and prepared for the concerts based on the needs and interests of their audience of young children, engage their attention and offer the potential to expand their musical worlds. The hosts had to build a bridge between performers and young children who had to know how they could delight and educate children. Concerts combined games, storytelling, instrument exploration and great music had great effects. Finally, the classroom teachers had to do the extension activities after the concerts so that the children will involve more and get more enthusiasm in concerts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title="case study">case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concert" title=" concert"> concert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20education" title=" music education"> music education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65524/live-concert-performances-in-preschool-requirements-of-a-successful-concert-for-young-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">587</span> Strabismus Detection Using Eye Alignment Stability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anoop%20T.%20R.">Anoop T. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Otman%20Basir"> Otman Basir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20F.%20Hess"> Robert F. Hess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Thompson"> Ben Thompson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Strabismus refers to a misalignment of the eyes. Early detection and treatment of strabismus in childhood can prevent the development of permanent vision loss due to abnormal development of visual brain areas. Currently, many children with strabismus remain undiagnosed until school entry because current automated screening methods have limited success in the preschool age range. A method for strabismus detection using eye alignment stability (EAS) is proposed. This method starts with face detection, followed by facial landmark detection, eye region segmentation, eye gaze extraction, and eye alignment stability estimation. Binarization and morphological operations are performed for segmenting the pupil region from the eye. After finding the EAS, its absolute value is used to differentiate the strabismic eye from the non-strabismic eye. If the value of the eye alignment stability is greater than a particular threshold, then the eyes are misaligned, and if its value is less than the threshold, the eyes are aligned. The method was tested on 175 strabismic and non-strabismic images obtained from Kaggle and Google Photos. The strabismic eye is taken as a positive class, and the non-strabismic eye is taken as a negative class. The test produced a true positive rate of 100% and a false positive rate of 7.69%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strabismus" title="strabismus">strabismus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20detection" title=" face detection"> face detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20landmarks" title=" facial landmarks"> facial landmarks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20segmentation" title=" eye segmentation"> eye segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20gaze" title=" eye gaze"> eye gaze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binarization" title=" binarization"> binarization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177646/strabismus-detection-using-eye-alignment-stability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">586</span> The Reduction of Post-Blast Fumes to Improve Productivity and Safety: A Review Paper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nhleko%20Monique%20Chiloane">Nhleko Monique Chiloane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The gold mining industry has predominantly used ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) explosives for decades, although these are known to be “gassier” and their detonation results in toxic fumes, for example, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia. Re-entry into underground workings too soon after blasting can lead to fatal exposure to toxic fumes. It is, therefore, required that the polluted air be removed from the affected areas within a reasonable period before employees' re-entry into the working area. Post-blast re-entry times have therefore been described as a productivity bottleneck. The known causes of post-blast fumes are water ingress, incorrect fuel to oxygen ratio, confinement, explosive additives etc. To prevent or minimize post-blast fumes, some researchers have used neutralization, re-burning technique and non-explosive products or different oxidizing agents. The use of commercial explosives without nitrate oxidizing agents can also minimize the production of blasting fumes and thereby reduce the time needed for the clearance of these fumes to allow workers to re-enter the underground workings safely. The reduction in non-production time directly contributes to an increase in the available time per shift for productive work, thus leading to continuous mining. However, owing to its low cost and ease of use, ANFO is still widely used in South African underground blasting operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-blast%20fumes" title="post-blast fumes">post-blast fumes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20mining" title=" continuous mining"> continuous mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonium%20nitrate%20explosive" title=" ammonium nitrate explosive"> ammonium nitrate explosive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-explosive%20blasting" title=" non-explosive blasting"> non-explosive blasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-entry%20period" title=" re-entry period"> re-entry period</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139888/the-reduction-of-post-blast-fumes-to-improve-productivity-and-safety-a-review-paper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">585</span> Convention Refugees in New Zealand: Being Trapped in Immigration Limbo without the Right to Obtain a Visa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saska%20Alexandria%20Hayes">Saska Alexandria Hayes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple Convention Refugees in New Zealand are stuck in a state of immigration limbo due to a lack of defined immigration policies. The Refugee Convention of 1951 does not give the right to be issued a permanent right to live and work in the country of asylum. A gap in New Zealand's immigration law and policy has left Convention Refugees without the right to obtain a resident or temporary entry visa. The significant lack of literature on this topic suggests that the lack of visa options for Convention Refugees in New Zealand is a widely unknown or unacknowledged issue. Refugees in New Zealand enjoy the right of non-refoulement contained in Article 33 of the Refugee Convention 1951, whether lawful or unlawful. However, a number of rights contained in the Refugee Convention 1951, such as the right to gainful employment and social security, are limited to refugees who maintain lawful immigration status. If a Convention Refugee is denied a resident visa, the only temporary entry visa a Convention Refugee can apply for in New Zealand is discretionary. The appeal cases heard at the Immigration Protection Tribunal establish that Immigration New Zealand has declined resident and discretionary temporary entry visa applications by Convention Refugees for failing to meet the health or character immigration instructions. The inability of a Convention Refugee to gain residency in New Zealand creates a dependence on the issue of discretionary temporary entry visas to maintain lawful status. The appeal cases record that this reliance has led to Convention Refugees' lawful immigration status being in question, temporarily depriving them of the rights contained in the Refugee Convention 1951 of lawful refugees. In one case, the process of applying for a discretionary temporary entry visa led to a lawful Convention Refugee being temporarily deprived of the right to social security, breaching Article 24 of the Refugee Convention 1951. The judiciary has stated a constant reliance on the issue of discretionary temporary entry visas for Convention Refugees can lead to a breach of New Zealand's international obligations under Article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The appeal cases suggest that, despite successful judicial proceedings, at least three persons have been made to rely on the issue of discretionary temporary entry visas potentially indefinitely. The appeal cases establish that a Convention Refugee can be denied a discretionary temporary entry visa and become unlawful. Unlawful status could ultimately breach New Zealand's obligations under Article 33 of the Refugee Convention 1951 as it would procedurally deny Convention Refugees asylum. It would force them to choose between the right of non-refoulement or leaving New Zealand to seek the ability to access all the human rights contained in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights elsewhere. This paper discusses how the current system has given rise to these breaches and emphasizes a need to create a designated temporary entry visa category for Convention Refugees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20policy" title="domestic policy">domestic policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigration" title=" immigration"> immigration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20Zealand" title=" New Zealand"> New Zealand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165810/convention-refugees-in-new-zealand-being-trapped-in-immigration-limbo-without-the-right-to-obtain-a-visa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">584</span> Reading Informational or Fictional Texts to Students: Choices and Perceptions of Preschool and Primary Grade Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Marie%20Dionne">Anne-Marie Dionne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teacher reading aloud to students is a practice that is well established in preschool and primary classrooms. Many benefits of this pedagogical activity have been highlighted in multiple studies. However, it has also been shown that teachers are not keen on choosing informational texts for their read aloud, as their selections for this venue are mainly fictional stories, mostly written in a unique narrative story-like structure. Considering that students soon have to read complex informational texts by themselves as they go from one grade to another, there is cause for concern because those who do not benefit from an early exposure to informational texts could be lacking knowledge of informational text structures that they will encounter regularly in their reading. Exposing students to informational texts could be done in different ways in classrooms. However, since read aloud appears to be such a common and efficient practice in preschool and primary grades, it is important to examine more deeply the factors taken into account by teachers when they are selecting their readings for this important teaching activity. Moreover, it seems critical to know why teachers are not inclined to choose more often informational texts when they are reading aloud to their pupils. A group of 22 preschool or primary grade teachers participated in this study. The data collection was done by a survey and an individual semi-structured interview. The survey was conducted in order to get quantitative data on the read-aloud practices of teachers. As for the interviews, they were organized around three categories of questions (exploratory, analytical, opinion) regarding the process of selecting the texts for the read-aloud sessions. A statistical analysis was conducted on the data obtained by the survey. As for the interviews, they were subjected to a content analysis aiming to classify the information collected in predetermined categories such as the reasons given to favor fictional texts over informative texts, the reasons given for avoiding informative texts for reading aloud, the perceptions of the challenges that the informative texts could bring when they are read aloud to students, and the perceived advantages that they would present if they were chosen more often for this activity. Results are showing variable factors that are guiding the teachers when they are making their selection of the texts to be read aloud. As for example, some of them are choosing solely fictional texts because of their convictions that these are more interesting for their students. They also perceive that the informational texts are not good choices because they are not suitable for pleasure reading. In that matter, results are pointing to some interesting elements. Many teachers perceive that read aloud of fictional or informational texts have different goals: fictional texts are read for pleasure and informational texts are read mostly for academic purposes. These results bring out the urgency for teachers to become aware of the numerous benefits that the reading aloud of each type of texts could bring to their students, especially the informational texts. The possible consequences of teachers’ perceptions will be discussed further in our presentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fictional%20texts" title="fictional texts">fictional texts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informational%20texts" title=" informational texts"> informational texts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20or%20primary%20grade%20teachers" title=" preschool or primary grade teachers"> preschool or primary grade teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20aloud" title=" reading aloud"> reading aloud</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88709/reading-informational-or-fictional-texts-to-students-choices-and-perceptions-of-preschool-and-primary-grade-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">583</span> The Impact of Hosting an On-Site Vocal Concert in Preschool on Music Inspiration and Learning Among Preschoolers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meiying%20Liao">Meiying Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poya%20Huang"> Poya Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aesthetic domain is one of the six major domains in the Taiwanese preschool curriculum, encompassing visual arts, music, and dramatic play. Its primary objective is to cultivate children’s abilities in exploration and awareness, expression and creation, and response and appreciation. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of hosting a vocal music concert on aesthetic inspiration and learning among preschoolers in a preschool setting. The primary research method employed was a case study focusing on a private preschool in Northern Taiwan that organized a school-wide event featuring two vocalists. The concert repertoires included children’s songs, folk songs, and arias performed in Mandarin, Hakka, English, German, and Italian. In addition to professional performances, preschool teachers actively participated by presenting a children’s song. A total of 5 classes, comprising approximately 150 preschoolers, along with 16 teachers and staff, participated in the event. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and documents. Results indicated that both teachers and children thoroughly enjoyed the concert, with high levels of acceptance when the program was appropriately designed and hosted. Teachers reported that post-concert discussions with children revealed the latter’s ability to recall people, events, and elements observed during the performance, expressing their impressions of the most memorable segments. The concert effectively achieved the goals of the aesthetic domain, particularly in fostering response and appreciation. It also inspired preschoolers’ interest in music. Many teachers noted an increased desire for performance among preschoolers after exposure to the concert, with children imitating the performers and their expressions. Remarkably, one class extended this experience by incorporating it into the curriculum, autonomously organizing a high-quality concert in the music learning center. Parents also reported that preschoolers enthusiastically shared their concert experiences at home. In conclusion, despite being a single event, the positive responses from preschoolers towards the music performance suggest a meaningful impact. These experiences extended into the curriculum, as firsthand exposure to performances allowed teachers to deepen related topics, fostering a habit of autonomous learning in the designated learning centers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concert" title="concert">concert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20childhood%20music%20education" title=" early childhood music education"> early childhood music education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetic%20education" title=" aesthetic education"> aesthetic education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20develpment" title=" music develpment"> music develpment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181239/the-impact-of-hosting-an-on-site-vocal-concert-in-preschool-on-music-inspiration-and-learning-among-preschoolers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">49</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">582</span> Performance of Slot-Entry Hybrid Worn Journal Bearing under Turbulent Lubrication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathi%20Ram"> Nathi Ram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurabh%20K.%20Yadav"> Saurabh K. Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In turbomachinery, the turbulent flow occurs due to the use of high velocity of low kinematic viscosity lubricants and used in many industrial applications. In the present work, the performance of symmetric slot-entry hybrid worn journal bearing under laminar and turbulent lubrication has been investigated. For turbulent lubrication, the Reynolds equation has been modified using Constantinescu turbulent model. This modified equation has been solved using the finite element method. The effect of turbulent lubrication on bearing’s performance has been presented for symmetric hybrid journal bearing. The slot-entry hybrid worn journal bearing under turbulent/laminar regimes have been investigated. It has been observed that the stiffness and damping coefficients are more for the bearing having slot width ratio (SWR) of 0.25 than the bearing with SWR of 0.5 and 0.75 under the turbulent regime. Further, it is also observed that for constant wear depth parameter, stability threshold speed gets increased for bearing operates at slot width ratio 0.25 under turbulent lubrication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrostatic%20bearings" title="hydrostatic bearings">hydrostatic bearings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=journal%20bearings" title=" journal bearings"> journal bearings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restrictors" title=" restrictors"> restrictors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow%20models" title=" turbulent flow models"> turbulent flow models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20technique" title=" finite element technique "> finite element technique </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108336/performance-of-slot-entry-hybrid-worn-journal-bearing-under-turbulent-lubrication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">581</span> Stuttering Persistence in Children: Effectiveness of the Psicodizione Method in a Small Italian Cohort</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corinna%20Zeli">Corinna Zeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvia%20Calati"> Silvia Calati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Simeoni"> Marco Simeoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiara%20Comastri"> Chiara Comastri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developmental stuttering affects about 10% of preschool children; although the high percentage of natural recovery, a quarter of them will become an adult who stutters. An effective early intervention should help those children with high persistence risk for the future. The Psicodizione method for early stuttering is an Italian behavior indirect treatment for preschool children who stutter in which method parents act as good guides for communication, modeling their own fluency. In this study, we give a preliminary measure to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of Psicodizione method on stuttering preschool children with a high persistence risk. Among all Italian children treated with the Psicodizione method between 2018 and 2019, we selected 8 kids with at least 3 high risk persistence factors from the Illinois Prediction Criteria proposed by Yairi and Seery. The factors chosen for the selection were: one parent who stutters (1pt mother; 1.5pt father), male gender, ≥ 4 years old at onset; ≥ 12 months from onset of symptoms before treatment. For this study, the families were contacted after an average period of time of 14,7 months (range 3 - 26 months). Parental reports were gathered with a standard online questionnaire in order to obtain data reflecting fluency from a wide range of the children’s life situations. The minimum worthwhile outcome was set at "mild evidence" in a 5 point Likert scale (1 mild evidence- 5 high severity evidence). A second group of 6 children, among those treated with the Piscodizione method, was selected as high potential for spontaneous remission (low persistence risk). The children in this group had to fulfill all the following criteria: female gender, symptoms for less than 12 months (before treatment), age of onset <4 years old, none of the parents with persistent stuttering. At the time of this follow-up, the children were aged 6–9 years, with a mean of 15 months post-treatment. Among the children in the high persistence risk group, 2 (25%) hadn’t had stutter anymore, and 3 (37,5%) had mild stutter based on parental reports. In the low persistency risk group, the children were aged 4–6 years, with a mean of 14 months post-treatment, and 5 (84%) hadn’t had stutter anymore (for the past 16 months on average).62,5% of children at high risk of persistence after Psicodizione treatment showed mild evidence of stutter at most. 75% of parents confirmed a better fluency than before the treatment. The low persistence risk group seemed to be representative of spontaneous recovery. This study’s design could help to better evaluate the success of the proposed interventions for stuttering preschool children and provides a preliminary measure of the effectiveness of the Psicodizione method on high persistence risk children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20treatment" title="early treatment">early treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluency" title=" fluency"> fluency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20children" title=" preschool children"> preschool children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stuttering" title=" stuttering"> stuttering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134307/stuttering-persistence-in-children-effectiveness-of-the-psicodizione-method-in-a-small-italian-cohort" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">580</span> Simultaneous versus Sequential Model in Foreign Entry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Heredia">Patricia Heredia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Saz"> Isabel Saz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Fern%C3%A1ndez"> Marta Fernández</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article proposes that the decision regarding exporting and the choice of export channel are nested and non-independent decisions. We assume that firms make two sequential decisions before arriving at their final choice: the decision to access foreign markets and the decision about the type of channel. This hierarchical perspective of the choices involved in the process is appealing for two reasons. First, it supports the idea that people have a limited analytical capacity. Managers often break down a complex decision into a hierarchical process because this makes it more manageable. Secondly, it recognizes that important differences exist between entry modes. In light of the above, the objective of this study is to test different entry mode choice processes: independent decisions and nested and non-independent decisions. To do this, the methodology estimates and compares the following two models: (i) a simultaneous single-stage model with three entry mode choices (using a multinomial logit model); ii) a two-stage model with the export decision preceding the channel decision using a sequential logit model. The study uses resource-based factors in determining these decision processes concerning internationalization and the study carries out empirical analysis using a DOC Rioja sample of 177 firms.Using the Akaike and Schwarz Information Criteria, the empirical evidence supports the existence of a nested structure, where the decision about exporting precedes the export mode decision. The implications and contributions of the findings are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20logit%20model" title="sequential logit model">sequential logit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-stage%20choice%20process" title=" two-stage choice process"> two-stage choice process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20mode" title=" export mode"> export mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wine%20industry" title=" wine industry"> wine industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188904/simultaneous-versus-sequential-model-in-foreign-entry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">579</span> The Importance of Compulsory Pre-School Education from the Parents’ Perspective in the Czech Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beata%20Horn%C3%ADckova">Beata Horníckova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sona%20Lorencova"> Sona Lorencova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study deals with the presentation of the results of quantitatively oriented research. The research was conducted as part of a questionnaire survey with the aim to find out what are the attitudes of parents to compulsory preschool education in the Czech Republic. This research presents results from the area of importance of compulsory pre-school education from the parents’ perspective. The research method was a questionnaire, which was distributed to respondents through an online platform. The research involved 107 parents, who answered a total of 36 questions that found out their attitudes to last year’s compulsory preschool attendance. The results show that compulsory pre-school attendance has increased the importance of pre-school education. However, the results also show that the compulsory last year of pre-school education is not more important according to parents than in previous years. Most participants consider compulsory pre-school attendance to be important and are happy that their child attends it. The results reveal the fact that the introduction of compulsory pre-school attendance has contributed to the importance of parents’ perceptions of pre-primary education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compulsory%20pre-school%20education" title="compulsory pre-school education">compulsory pre-school education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20of%20pre-school%20children" title=" education of pre-school children"> education of pre-school children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kindergarten" title=" kindergarten"> kindergarten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130970/the-importance-of-compulsory-pre-school-education-from-the-parents-perspective-in-the-czech-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">578</span> Oncolytic H-1 Parvovirus Entry in Cancer Cells through Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Ferreira">T. Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kulkarni"> A. Kulkarni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Bretscher"> C. Bretscher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Richter"> K. Richter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ehrlich"> M. Ehrlich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Marchini"> A. Marchini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> H-1 protoparvovirus (H-1PV) is a virus with inherent oncolytic and oncosuppressive activities while remaining non-pathogenic in humans. H-1PV was the first oncolytic parvovirus to undergo clinical testing. Results from trials in patients with glioblastoma or pancreatic carcinoma showed an excellent safety profile and first signs of efficacy. H-1PV infection is vastly dependent on cellular factors, from cell attachment and entry to viral replication and egress. Hence, we believe that the characterisation of the parvovirus life cycle would ultimately help further improve H-1PV clinical outcome. In the present study, we explored the entry pathway of H-1PV in cervical HeLa and glioma NCH125 cancer cell lines. Electron and confocal microscopy showed viral particles associated with clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, providing the first evidence that H-1PV cell entry occurs through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Accordingly, we observed that by blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis with hypertonic sucrose, chlorpromazine, or pitstop 2, H-1PV transduction was markedly decreased. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of AP2M1, which retains a crucial role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, verified the reliance of H-1PV on this route to enter HeLa and NCH125 cancer cells. By contrast, we found no evidence of viral entry through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Indeed, pre-treatment of cells with nystatin or methyl-β-cyclodextrin, both inhibitors of caveolae-mediated endocytosis, did not affect viral transduction levels. Unexpectedly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of caveolin-1, the main driver of caveolae-mediated endocytosis, increased H-1PV transduction, suggesting caveolin-1 is a negative modulator of H-1PV infection. We also show that H-1PV entry is dependent on dynamin, a protein responsible for mediating the scission of vesicle neck and promoting further internalisation. Furthermore, since dynamin inhibition almost completely abolished H-1PV infection, makes it unlikely that H-1PV uses macropinocytosis as an alternative pathway to enter cells. After viral internalisation, H-1PV passes through early to late endosomes as observed by confocal microscopy. Inside these endocytic compartments, the acidic environment proved to be crucial for a productive infection. Inhibition of acidification of pH dramatically reduced H-1PV transduction. Besides, a fraction of H-1PV particles was observed inside LAMP1-positive lysosomes, most likely following a non-infectious route. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first study to characterise the cell entry pathways of H-1PV. Along these lines, this work will further contribute to understand H-1PV oncolytic properties as well as to improve its clinical potential in cancer virotherapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clathrin-mediated%20endocytosis" title="clathrin-mediated endocytosis">clathrin-mediated endocytosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H-1%20parvovirus" title=" H-1 parvovirus"> H-1 parvovirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oncolytic%20virus" title=" oncolytic virus"> oncolytic virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virus%20entry" title=" virus entry"> virus entry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131473/oncolytic-h-1-parvovirus-entry-in-cancer-cells-through-clathrin-mediated-endocytosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">577</span> Practicum in Preschool Teacher Education: The Role of Pedagogical Supervision for Students Professional Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalila%20Lino">Dalila Lino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Practicum is a central dimension of teacher education programs. Learning how to teach is, in effect, a complex process that integrates periods of observation, experimentation, reflection, planning, and evaluation in a real context of practices, providing opportunities for prospective teachers to understand the various dimensions of education and to implement the knowledge built over the theoretical courses they have taken. At the pre-service training of early childhood teachers, specialized guidance and in particular pedagogical supervision assumes a key role in the professional development of students in training. The main goal of this study is to describe and analyze the supervision process that occurs during the practicum of preschool education master programs in Portugal. The objectives of the study are: (i) to describe the cooperative process of professional development experienced by student teachers during the practicum; (ii) to identify the strengths and weaknesses of supervision process; (iii) to identify the supervision styles used by university supervisors and cooperating teachers. The methodology used is the mix-method research and data was collected through semi-structured interviews and online questionnaires. The participants are newly graduated Portuguese early childhood teachers, university supervisors and cooperating teachers. The results reveal gaps in the specialized training of cooperating teachers and university supervisors, a large number of trainees per supervisor, which makes it difficult to support students, and those interpersonal relationships between university supervisors and students and/or cooperating teachers and students interfere in the development of the supervisory processes. The study highlights the need to invest in the specialized training of university supervisors and cooperating teachers to create better opportunities to support the professional development of prospective teachers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentoring" title="mentoring">mentoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogical%20supervision" title=" pedagogical supervision"> pedagogical supervision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practicum" title=" practicum"> practicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20teacher%20education" title=" preschool teacher education"> preschool teacher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91245/practicum-in-preschool-teacher-education-the-role-of-pedagogical-supervision-for-students-professional-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">576</span> Exploration of Professional Skepticism among Entry-level Auditors in China from Psychological and Cultural Perspectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sammy%20Xiaoyan%20Ying">Sammy Xiaoyan Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Professional skepticism remains one of the most important and controversial topics in auditing. This study examines the influence of client cooperativeness and fraud risk on judgments of professional skepticism among Chinese entry-level auditors in the context of evaluation of client-provided audit evidence. Given that the essence of auditors’ PS rests on distrust of clients, this study invokes trust-related theories from psychological and cultural perspectives. Specifically, invoking psychology theories of trust concerning positive relationship between risk and distrust, this study hypothesizes that professional skepticism is likely to be positively associated with client fraud risk. The results support the hypothesis and show that lower (higher) levels of client fraud risk lead to lower (higher) levels of professional skepticism. Furthermore, drawing on analysis of relationship between cooperation and trust, with particular reference to guanxi dynamics in the Chinese culture, this study hypothesizes that professional skepticism is likely to be negatively associated with client cooperativeness. The results support the hypothesis and show that higher (lower) levels of client cooperativeness lead to lower (higher) levels of professional skepticism. The findings may assist audit firms and auditing educators in improving training and education programs and enhancing entry-level auditors’ abilities to maintain professional skepticism. Also, practitioners and regulators may benefit from increasing awareness of psychological factors in influencing professional skepticism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit%20judgment" title="audit judgment">audit judgment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20culture" title=" Chinese culture"> Chinese culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry-level%20auditor" title=" entry-level auditor"> entry-level auditor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20skepticism" title=" professional skepticism"> professional skepticism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28958/exploration-of-professional-skepticism-among-entry-level-auditors-in-china-from-psychological-and-cultural-perspectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">575</span> Understanding Level 5 Sport Student’s Perspectives of the Barriers to Progression and Attainment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emma%20Whewell">Emma Whewell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Waters"> Lee Waters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Wall"> Mark Wall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is a mixed methods investigation into the perceived barriers to attainment and progression. Initially entry level data was analysed to identify some of the key characteristics of the student cohort- for example entry route, age and ethnic background. Secondly, a phenomenological case study of the lived experiences of 15 level 5 sport and exercise students was conducted. It aimed to understand the complexities of success in higher education, far beyond entry qualifications, indices of deprivation and POLAR characteristics, to offer a first-hand account of student perceptions and interpretations of the barriers they face in progression, retention and completion on their programme. Using focus groups and interviews with students from a range of indices we offer a set of rich case studies exploring the interpretations of our students’ lived experiences and challenges. Findings demonstrate a complex set of circumstances that centre on managing workload, use of support services and aspirations of students that conflict with university priorities. Conclusions centre on the role of academic and pastoral support, assumptions about priorities of students and practical interventions to support achievement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20and%20participation" title="access and participation">access and participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progression%20and%20retention" title=" progression and retention"> progression and retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title=" barriers"> barriers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152804/understanding-level-5-sport-students-perspectives-of-the-barriers-to-progression-and-attainment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">574</span> The Antecedents of Thai Women's Entry into National Politics in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somsak%20Assavasirisilp">Somsak Assavasirisilp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research were to study the level of participation in the politic activities of Thai women, to study the factors influencing the Thai women’s entry into national politics, and to study the problems and obstacles to prevent women from enter national politics. This was a mixed research method of both qualitative and quantitative technique. The findings revealed that there were many problems and obstacles, especially culture and social norm, to prevent women from enter national politics and did not have many factors to support Thai women to become successful women politician. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20norm" title=" social norm"> social norm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20politics" title=" national politics"> national politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20women" title=" Thai women"> Thai women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65868/the-antecedents-of-thai-womens-entry-into-national-politics-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">573</span> Connecting Teachers in a Web-Based Professional Development Community in Crisis Time: A Knowledge Building Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Zhao">Wei Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pandemic crisis disrupted normal classroom practices so that the constraints of the traditional practice became apparent. This turns out to be new opportunities for technology-based learning and teaching. However, how the technology supports the preschool teachers go through this sudden crisis and how preschool teachers conceived of the use of technology, appropriate and design technological artifacts as a mediator of knowledge construction in order to suit young children’s literacy level are rarely explored. This study addresses these issues by looking at the influence of a web-supported teacher community on changes/shifts in preschool teachers’ epistemological beliefs and practices. This teachers’ professional development community was formulated before the pandemic time and developed virtually throughout the home-based learning caused by Covid-19. It served as a virtual and asynchronous community for those teachers to collaboratively plan for and conduct online lessons using the knowledge-building approach for the purpose of sustaining children’s learning curiosity and opening up new learning opportunities during the lock-down period. The knowledge-building approach helps to increase teachers’ collective responsibility to collaboratively work on shared educational goals in the teacher community and awareness of noticing new ideas or innovations in their classroom. Based on the data collected across five months during and after the lock-down period and the activity theory, results show a dynamic interplay between the evolution of the community culture, the growth of teacher community and teachers’ identity transformation and professional development. Technology is useful in this regard not only because it transforms the geographical distance and new gathering guidelines after the outbreak of pandemic into new ways of communal communication and collaboration. More importantly, while teachers selected, monitored and adapted the technology, it acts as a catalyst for changes in teachers’ old teaching practices and epistemological dispositions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20theory" title="activity theory">activity theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=changes%20in%20epistemology%20and%20practice" title=" changes in epistemology and practice"> changes in epistemology and practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20building" title=" knowledge building"> knowledge building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web-based%20teachers%E2%80%99%20professional%20development%20community" title=" web-based teachers’ professional development community"> web-based teachers’ professional development community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137481/connecting-teachers-in-a-web-based-professional-development-community-in-crisis-time-a-knowledge-building-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20to%20preschool&page=2" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20to%20preschool&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20to%20preschool&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span 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