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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Culoare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culoare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Culoare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culoare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Răspândire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Răspândire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Răspândire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Răspândire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istoric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carneol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 53 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A" title="عقيق لحمي – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقيق لحمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Аҡыҡ – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аҡыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Карнеол – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карнеол" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Карнелиан – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карнелиан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornalin" title="Kornalin – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kornalin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornalina" title="Cornalina – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cornalina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krwawnik" title="Krwawnik – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Krwawnik" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Карнеол – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Карнеол" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Καρνεόλη – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρνεόλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carnelian" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneolo" title="Karneolo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karneolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornalina" title="Cornalina – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cornalina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneool" title="Karneool – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karneool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornalina" title="Kornalina – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kornalina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%AC%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="عقیق جگری – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عقیق جگری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneoli" title="Karneoli – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karneoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornaline" title="Cornaline – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cornaline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="קרנליאן – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרנליאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="इंद्रगोप – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंद्रगोप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Սերդոլիկ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սերդոլիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirah_darah" title="Mirah darah – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mirah darah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornalino" title="Kornalino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kornalino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corniola" title="Corniola – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corniola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="カーネリアン – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カーネリアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%8B%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B8" title="카닐리언 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카닐리언" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сердолик – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сердолик" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carneool" title="Carneool – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Carneool" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneolis" title="Karneolis – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karneolis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneols" title="Karneols – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karneols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Карнеол – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карнеол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_ahmar" title="Batu ahmar – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Batu ahmar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carneool" title="Carneool – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Carneool" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82" title="لال عقیق – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لال عقیق" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornalina" title="Cornalina – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cornalina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сердолик – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сердолик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carnelian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol" title="Karneol – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karneol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Сердолік – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сердолік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1" title="عقیق احمر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عقیق احمر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carnelian" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E7%8E%89%E9%AB%93" title="红玉髓 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="红玉髓" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Carneol"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Carneol&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carnelian" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q324369" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirecționat de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karneol&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Karneol">Karneol</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet stiinteexacte" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;">Carneol</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Carneol-Kristalle_Magic_Stones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Carneol-Kristalle_Magic_Stones.jpg/220px-Carneol-Kristalle_Magic_Stones.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Carneol-Kristalle_Magic_Stones.jpg/330px-Carneol-Kristalle_Magic_Stones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Carneol-Kristalle_Magic_Stones.jpg/440px-Carneol-Kristalle_Magic_Stones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;">Date generale</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Formula_chimic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula chimică">Formula chimică</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">SiO<sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clasa_mineralului" class="mw-redirect" title="Clasa mineralului">Clasa mineralului</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">oxid / hidroxid vezi <a href="/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B" title="Cuarț">Cuarț</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_de_cristalizare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem de cristalizare">Sistem de cristalizare</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">trigonal</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">Culoare</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">portocaliu-roșiatic, roșu închis, roșu-brun</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Urma" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Urma">Urma</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">albă</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Duritate" title="Duritate">Duritate</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">7</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">Masa specifică</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,5 -2,7 g/cm³</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Luciu" title="Luciu">Luciu</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">sticlos</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Transparen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Transparență">Transparență</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">translucid, opac</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%83rtura" class="mw-redirect" title="Spărtura">Spărtura</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">sidefie</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clivaj" title="Clivaj">Clivaj</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">inexistent</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Suprafa%C8%9Ba_cristalului" title="Suprafața cristalului">Suprafața cristalului</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">___</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Cristale_gemene" title="Cristale gemene">Cristale gemene</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">___</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Punct_de_topire" title="Punct de topire">Punct de topire</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">___</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Proprie%C8%9B%C4%83%C8%9Bi_optice" class="mw-redirect" title="Propriețăți optice">Propriețăți optice</a></th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Refrac%C8%9Bia" class="mw-redirect" title="Refracția">Indice de refrație</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">___</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Refrac%C8%9Bia_dubl%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Refracția dublă">Birefrigență</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">___</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Devia%C8%9Bia_optic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Deviația optică">Deviația optică</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">___</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Unghiul de dispersie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">___</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;">Alte caracteristici</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Minerale asemănătoare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">___</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Radioactivitate" title="Radioactivitate">Radioactivitate</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">inexistentă</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnetism</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">inexistent</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Caracterstici deosebite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">___</td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##B0C4DE solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carneol&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Mineral" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Carneolul</b> (sau <b>cornalina</b>) este o variantă microcristalină a <a href="/wiki/Calcedonie" title="Calcedonie">calcedoniei</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> din grupa <a href="/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B" title="Cuarț">cuarțului</a>. Cristalele mineralului se pot observa numai la <a href="/wiki/Microscop" title="Microscop">microscop</a>, utilizarea lui cea mai largă fiind ca <a href="/wiki/Gemologie" title="Gemologie">piatră semiprețioasă</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culoare">Culoare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Culoare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Culoare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cele mai apreciate minerale sunt de culoare roșie închisă translucide privite la lumină cu nuanțe roșii ca <a href="/wiki/Foc" title="Foc">focul</a>, mai apar variante de culoare brună uniformă, vărgate, sau cu pete, ca și culori mai deschise aproape roz.<br />Aceaste nuanțe de culoare a mineralului se datorează prezenței în cantități diferite a oxizilor și hidroxizilor de <a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">fier</a>, oxizii fiind răspunzători de nuanța roșie și hidroxizii de culoarea brună.<br />Mineralele ce provin din <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> prin expunere la soarele fierbinte tropical, hidroxidul s-a transformat în oxid de fier astfel mineralul brun a devenit roșiatic, acest procedeu a fost folosit în antichitate de etrusci prin încercarea modificării culorii mineralului la temperaturi ridicate care în același timp era o metodă riscantă.<br />Variantele brune de carneol fiind numite <i>sarder</i>, duritatea mare (7) a permis folosirea mineralului ca obiecte de podoabă: inele, lanțuri, medalioane sau obiecte de artă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Răspândire"><span id="R.C4.83sp.C3.A2ndire"></span>Răspândire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Răspândire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Răspândire"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carneolul în natură apare în geode ca și <a href="/wiki/Agat" title="Agat">agatul</a> sau în rocile sedimentare rezistând prin duritatea mare a mineralului la efectele eroziunii.<br />Cele mai frumoase exemplare provin din <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, alte locuri unde s-au găsit cantități mai însemnate de carneol sunt: <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> de nord, <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> și <a href="/wiki/Brazilia" title="Brazilia">Brazilia</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etimologia denumirii de carneol nu este clară, astfel <a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a> (1200-1280) care devine papă menționează despre mineral "corneolus, quem quidam cornelium dicunt“ = „corneolus, care mai este numit și cornelius”.<br />In <i>Physica</i> <a href="/wiki/Hildegard_von_Bingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hildegard von Bingen">Hildegard von Bingen</a> (1098–1179) va numi mineralul <i>cornelius</i>, iar în <i>New English Dictionary</i> de Murray, (Oxford 1893), se amintește denumirea antică de <i>corneline</i> explicând astfel denumirea folosită azi de englezi <i>cornelian</i>.<br />Este foarte răspândită ideea că etimologia denumirii carneolului ar proveni din cuvântul latin <i>cornum</i> planta (Cornus mas), cornul care are fructele de culoare roșie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Egiptul_antic" class="mw-redirect" title="Egiptul antic">Egiptul antic</a> carneolul datorită culorii sale roșii culoarea <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nge" title="Sânge">sângelui</a> era considerat <i>piatra vieții</i>, astfel mineralul joacă un rol important în ceremonialul de <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enmorm%C3%A2ntare" title="Înmormântare">înmormântare</a> fiind găsit și în <a href="/wiki/Morm%C3%A2nt" title="Mormânt">mormântul</a> <a href="/wiki/Faraon" title="Faraon">faraonului</a> <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamon" title="Tutankhamon">Tutankhamon</a>.<br />Mineralul fiind apreciat și de alte popoare antice astfel se poate aminti: </p> <dl><dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colierul_sumerian_cu_frunze_de_la_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colierul sumerian cu frunze de la Metropolitan Museum of Art — pagină inexistentă">Colierul sumerian cu frunze de la Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></i> găsit în urma excavațiilor în <a href="/wiki/Cimitirul_Regal_din_Ur" title="Cimitirul Regal din Ur">Cimitirul Regal din Ur</a> (circa 2600 î.e.n. - 2400 î.e.n.) expus astăzi la <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> din <a href="/wiki/New_York_(ora%C8%99)" title="New York (oraș)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite ale Americii</a></dd> <dd><i>Inelul din Telo</i> găsit în <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (circa 2500 î.e.n) se găsește azi în <a href="/wiki/Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre">Louvre</a></dd> <dd><i>Inelul cu piatră fenician</i> cu un scarabeus (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_VI_%C3%AE.e.n.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secolul VI î.e.n. — pagină inexistentă">secolul VI î.e.n.</a>) azi în <i>British Museum</i></dd> <dd><i>Inelul cu piatră etrusc</i> cu reprezentarea lui <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_VI_%C3%AE.e.n.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secolul VI î.e.n. — pagină inexistentă">secolul VI î.e.n.</a>) azi găsindu-se în <i>Biblioteca națională franceză</i>.<br /></dd></dl> <p>Muzeul din <a href="/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru">Cipru</a> deține două lanțuri cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%83rgele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mărgele — pagină inexistentă">mărgele</a> din carneol (cca. 3000 <a href="/wiki/%C3%8E.e.n." class="mw-redirect" title="Î.e.n.">î.e.n.</a>), astfel au mai fost găsite prin săpăturile arheologice obiecte de podoabă din carneol în <a href="/wiki/Asia_Mic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Mică">Asia Mică</a> pe locul de odinioară a cetății <a href="/wiki/Troia" title="Troia">Troia</a> ((2950–2250 î.e.n.), sau din timpul împăraților romani (0–375), ca și mai târziu în <a href="/wiki/Evul_Mediu" title="Evul Mediu">Evul Mediu</a>, erau amulete purtate ca ocrotitoare față de <a href="/wiki/Vr%C4%83jitoare" title="Vrăjitoare">vrăjitorii</a> sau ca <i>piatră tămăduitoare</i>.<br />Mineralul este amintit și în unele opere literare ca de exemplu <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a> sau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Paul_Althaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Paul Althaus — pagină inexistentă">Peter Paul Althaus</a> un inel din carneol a purtat și reformatorul bisericii <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> sau regele <a href="/wiki/August_der_Starke" class="mw-redirect" title="August der Starke">August der Starke</a> (1670–1733) ulterior devenind <a href="/wiki/August_II_(Polonia)" class="mw-redirect" title="August II (Polonia)">August II (Polonia)</a> (regele Poloniei, prințul Lituaniei). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_minerale" title="Listă de minerale">Listă de minerale</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carneol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Materiale media legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carnelian?uselang=ro">carneol</a></b></span> la <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-9333.html">MinDat - Carnelian</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba germană">de</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beyars.com/edelstein-knigge/lexikon_275.html">Edelstein-Knigge - Karneol</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba germană">de</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornelissen.de/name/cor_kir8.htm">cornelissen.de - Vom Karneol</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070209041009/http://www.cornelissen.de/name/cor_kir8.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2007-02-09">9 februarie 2007</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba germană">de</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornelissen.de/name/cor_kir9.htm">Ein Stein voll wunderbarer Wirkungen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206214616/http://www.cornelissen.de/name/cor_kir9.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2007-02-06">6 februarie 2007</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba germană">de</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhp-hanisch.de/Praxis/Heilstein-Lexikon/heilstein-lexikon.html">Heilstein-Lexikon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061218041424/http://nhp-hanisch.de/Praxis/Heilstein-Lexikon/heilstein-lexikon.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2006-12-18">18 decembrie 2006</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba germană">de</span> <a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karneol">Karneol</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Minerale" title="Format:Minerale"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Minerale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Minerale — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Minerale&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Minerale, roci, soluri și zăcăminte</span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Minerale</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abelsonit" title="Abelsonit">Abelsonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Acvamarin" title="Acvamarin">Acvamarin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Adamit" title="Adamit">Adamit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Adular" title="Adular">Adular</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Agat" title="Agat">Agat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Aguilarit" title="Aguilarit">Aguilarit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ajoit" title="Ajoit">Ajoit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Alabastru" title="Alabastru">Alabastru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Albit" title="Albit">Albit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Allanit" title="Allanit">Allanit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Almandin" title="Almandin">Almandin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Altait" title="Altait">Altait</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Aluminit" title="Aluminit">Aluminit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Amazonit" title="Amazonit">Amazonit</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ametist" title="Ametist">Ametist</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ametrin" title="Ametrin">Ametrin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amfiboli" title="Amfiboli">Amfiboli</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Andaluzit" title="Andaluzit">Andaluzit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anhidrit" title="Anhidrit">Anhidrit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Anortit" title="Anortit">Anortit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Apatit" title="Apatit">Apatit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Aragonit" title="Aragonit">Aragonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Argentit" title="Argentit">Argentit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Arsenopirit%C4%83" title="Arsenopirită">Arsenopirită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Auricalcit" title="Auricalcit">Auricalcit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Auripigment" title="Auripigment">Auripigment</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Autunit" title="Autunit">Autunit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest">Azbest</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azurit" title="Azurit">Azurit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Baritin%C4%83" title="Baritină">Baritină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Beril" title="Beril">Beril</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Biotit" title="Biotit">Biotit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blend%C4%83" title="Blendă">Blendă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Boracit" title="Boracit">Boracit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Borax" title="Borax">Borax</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Brochantit" title="Brochantit">Brochantit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcedonie" title="Calcedonie">Calcedonie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcit" title="Calcit">Calcit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcopirit%C4%83" title="Calcopirită">Calcopirită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carneol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cinabru" title="Cinabru">Cinabru</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Citrin" title="Citrin">Citrin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_amoniu" title="Clorură de amoniu">Clorură de amoniu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Coffinit" title="Coffinit">Coffinit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Corindon" title="Corindon">Corindon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cristobalit" title="Cristobalit">Cristobalit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B" title="Cuarț">Cuarț</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diopsid" title="Diopsid">Diopsid</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dolomit_(mineral)" title="Dolomit (mineral)">Dolomit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dumortierit" title="Dumortierit">Dumortierit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Epidot" title="Epidot">Epidot</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">Feldspat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fluorin%C4%83" title="Fluorină">Fluorină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Galen%C4%83" title="Galenă">Galenă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gips" class="mw-redirect" title="Gips">Gips</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a 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title="Magnezit">Magnezit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malachit" title="Malachit">Malachit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Marcasit%C4%83" title="Marcasită">Marcasită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mic%C4%83" title="Mică">Mică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Moldavit" title="Moldavit">Moldavit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Monazit" title="Monazit">Monazit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nobleit" title="Nobleit">Nobleit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ochi_de_tigru" title="Ochi de tigru">Ochi de tigru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Olivin%C4%83" title="Olivină">Olivină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Onix" title="Onix">Onix</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a> <span 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href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_sodiu" title="Carbonat de sodiu">Sodă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spessartin" title="Spessartin">Spessartin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Stibin%C4%83_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stibină (mineral)">Stibină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">Talc</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tanzanit" title="Tanzanit">Tanzanit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Titanit" title="Titanit">Titanit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turmalin%C4%83" title="Turmalină">Turmalină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vanadinit" title="Vanadinit">Vanadinit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vivianit" title="Vivianit">Vivianit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolastonit" title="Wolastonit">Wolastonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolframit" title="Wolframit">Wolframit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zoisit" title="Zoisit">Zoisit</a> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Roc%C4%83" title="Rocă">Roci</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Andezit" title="Andezit">Andezit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Argil%C4%83" title="Argilă">Argilă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bauxit%C4%83" title="Bauxită">Bauxită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt">Bazalt</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bentonit" title="Bentonit">Bentonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcar" title="Calcar">Calcar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Caolin" title="Caolin">Caolin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Caolinit" title="Caolinit">Caolinit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Conglomerat" title="Conglomerat">Conglomerat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dacit" title="Dacit">Dacit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diabaz" title="Diabaz">Diabaz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diatomit" title="Diatomit">Diatomit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diorit" title="Diorit">Diorit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dolomit_(roc%C4%83)" title="Dolomit (rocă)">Dolomit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro">Gabro</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gnais" title="Gnais">Gnais</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">Granit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gresie_(geologie)" title="Gresie (geologie)">Gresie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">Loess</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Marmur%C4%83" title="Marmură">Marmură</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Minerale_argiloase" title="Minerale argiloase">Minerale argiloase</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nisip" title="Nisip">Nisip</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a> <span 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